FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU May, PW Doyle, JD Pullen, JD David, LT AF May, Paul W. Doyle, James D. Pullen, Julie D. David, Laura T. TI Two-Way Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Modeling of the PhilEx Intensive Observational Periods SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; DYNAMICS; TOPOGRAPHY; RADAR; WAKE AB High-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations of the Philippines show the regional and local nature of atmospheric patterns and ocean response during Intensive Observational Period cruises in January-February 2008 (IOP-08) and February March 2009 (IOP-09) for the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment. Winds were stronger and more variable during IOP-08 because the time period covered was near the peak of the northeast monsoon season. Distinct wind jets between islands and wakes behind islands are common northeast monsoon features that are controlled by winds interacting with island topography: The modeled upper-ocean flow associated with Philippine straits during IOP-08 exhibits large (> 1 m s(-1)) westward mean flow through Suriago Strait and highly variable flow through Mindoro Strait. The model shows prominent eddies in the Bohol Sea and Cuyo East Pass that were also observed during the field experiment. A high-resolution nested simulation of the Verde Island Passage finds local wind-driven upwelling that is confirmed by shipboard sea surface temperature measurements and satellite observations of chlorophyll concentration. C1 [May, Paul W.] Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA USA. [Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Mesoscale Modeling Sect, Monterey, CA USA. [Pullen, Julie D.] Stevens Inst Technol, Maritime Secur Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [David, Laura T.] Univ Philippines Diliman, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City, Philippines. RP May, PW (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA USA. EM paul.may.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0601153N, N00014-10-1-0300]; Earth Institute, Columbia University FX J. Doyle and P. May were supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) program element 0601153N. Research support for J. Pullen was provided by a Marie Tharp visiting fellowship at the Earth Institute, Columbia University; Office of Naval Research (ONR) program element 0601153N; and ONR grant N00014-10-1-0300. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 SI SI BP 48 EP 57 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 733AY UT WOS:000288234000005 ER PT J AU Pullen, JD Gordon, AL Sprintall, J Lee, CM Alford, MH Doyle, JD May, PW AF Pullen, Julie D. Gordon, Arnold L. Sprintall, Janet Lee, Craig M. Alford, Matthew H. Doyle, James D. May, Paul W. TI Atmospheric and Oceanic Processes in the Vicinity of an Island Strait SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WINTER MONSOON SURGES; GRAN-CANARIA; SOUTH CHINA; ARCHIPELAGO; FEATURES; EDDIES AB In early February 2008, the mean flow through the Philippines' Mindoro Strait reversed. The flow was southward through the strait during late January and northward during most of February. The flow reversal coincided with the period between two Intensive Observational Period cruises (IOP-08-1 and IOP-08-2) sponsored by the Office of Naval Research as part of the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx). Employing high-resolution oceanic and atmospheric models supplemented with in situ ocean and air measurements, we detail the regional and local conditions that influenced this flow reversal. High-resolution air-sea simulations captured the flow reversal and agreed with measured currents from two moorings in the vicinity of Mindoro Strait. A short (January 24-27) easterly monsoon surge and a longer (February 9-16) northerly surge were represented in the model as well as in QuikSCAT and underway wind data taken during IOP-08-2. Mesoscale oceanic dipole eddies off Mindoro and Luzon islands were formed/enhanced and subsequently detached during these wind events. The cyclonic eddy in the dipole pair associated with the easterly surge was opportunistically sampled during the IOP-08-1 cruise, and the modeled eddy characteristics were verified using in situ shipboard data. The predominant geostrophic southward flow through the strait was interrupted by a strong and sustained wind-driven (by the northerly surge) flow reversal in early February. Enhanced upper-ocean stratification in winter 2008 due to anomalously high precipitation served to isolate the observed near-surface flow. C1 [Pullen, Julie D.] Stevens Inst Technol, Maritime Secur Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Gordon, Arnold L.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Sprintall, Janet] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lee, Craig M.; Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [May, Paul W.] Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Pullen, JD (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Maritime Secur Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM julie.pullen@stevens.edu RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-10-1-0300, N00014-09-1-0582, N00014-06-1-0690] FX We are grateful to Pierre Flament for valuable discussions. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory The research support for J. Pullen was provided by a Marie Tharp visiting fellowship at the Earth Institute, Columbia University, as well as Office of Naval Research (ONR) program element 0601153N and grant N00014-10-1-0300. A.L. Gordon was funded by ONR grant N00014-09-1-0582 and this is Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution number 7430. J. Sprintall was funded by ONR grant N00014-06-1-0690. J. Doyle and P. May were supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) program element 0601153N. Thanks to the crew of R/V Melville for their assistance. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 SI SI BP 112 EP 121 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 733AY UT WOS:000288234000010 ER PT J AU Sanghera, J Kim, W Baker, C Villalobos, G Frantz, J Shaw, B Lutz, A Sadowski, B Miklos, R Hunt, M Kung, F Aggarwal, I AF Sanghera, Jasbinder Kim, Woohong Baker, Colin Villalobos, Guillermo Frantz, Jesse Shaw, Brandon Lutz, Austin Sadowski, Bryan Miklos, Robert Hunt, Michael Kung, Frederic Aggarwal, Ishwar TI Laser oscillation in hot pressed 10% Yb3+:Lu2O3 ceramic SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Laser Ceramics Symposium - International Symposium on Transparent Ceramics for Photonics Applications CY DEC 09-11, 2009 CL Bilbao, SPAIN DE Lutetia ceramic; Ytterbium doping; Polycrystalline; Oxides; Laser materials ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; YB-LU2O3; LU2O3 AB We report the first demonstration of laser oscillation at 1081 nm using a 10% Yb3+ doped Lu2O3 ceramic made by hot pressing of high purity co-precipitated powder. Approximately 2.5 W of output power was obtained with an optical-to-optical efficiency of similar to 10%. This represents the highest output power obtained and the highest concentration of Yb3+ used thus far in a Yb3+ doped Lu2O3 ceramic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sanghera, Jasbinder; Kim, Woohong; Baker, Colin; Villalobos, Guillermo; Frantz, Jesse; Shaw, Brandon; Lutz, Austin; Aggarwal, Ishwar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Miklos, Robert] Global Strategies Grp, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hunt, Michael; Kung, Frederic] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Sanghera, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jasbinder.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 SI SI BP 670 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2010.09.012 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 737OQ UT WOS:000288578500003 ER PT J AU Lyckegaard, A Lauridsen, EM Ludwig, W Fonda, RW Poulsen, HF AF Lyckegaard, Allan Lauridsen, Erik Mejdal Ludwig, Wolfgang Fonda, Richard Warren Poulsen, Henning Friis TI On the Use of Laguerre Tessellations for Representations of 3D Grain Structures SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on 3D-Imaging of Materials and Systems (3D-IMS2010) CY SEP 06-10, 2010 CL Hourtin, FRANCE ID GROWTH; DIMENSIONS AB Accurate descriptions of 3D grain structures in polycrystalline materials are of key interest as the grain structure is closely correlated to the macroscopic properties of the material. In the present study, we investigate the accuracy of using Laguerre tessellations to represent 3D grain structures from only the spatial center of mass location and the volume of the grains. The ability of Laguerre tessellations to describe accurate grain shapes and topologies of real 3D grain structures are revealed by direct comparison to 3D reconstructions of an un-deformed meta-stable beta -titanium alloy obtained by phase-contrast micro-tomography. This study reveals that (volume weighted) Laguerre tessellations are superior to classical Voronoi tessellations when it comes to providing accurate representations of real 3D grain structures. Furthermore, although the Laguerre tessellations were only able to correctly describe the local arrangements of grains (i.e., the grain neighbors and number of grain facets) for 31.8% of the investigated grains, the Laguerre tessellations were able to accurately describe statistical grain characteristics such as grain size distributions and grain neighbor distributions. C1 [Lyckegaard, Allan; Lauridsen, Erik Mejdal; Poulsen, Henning Friis] Riso DTU, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct 4D, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Ludwig, Wolfgang] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. [Fonda, Richard Warren] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lyckegaard, A (reprint author), Riso DTU, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct 4D, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM ally@risoe.dtu.dk RI Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012; OI Lauridsen, Erik/0000-0002-4923-8373 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 SI SI BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1002/adem.201000258 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 730IS UT WOS:000288027600011 ER PT J AU Miles, EF Nelson, JW AF Miles, Edward F. Nelson, John W. TI Definitive I-125 prostate brachytherapy implant for low-risk prostate cancer in a patient with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: A case report SO BRACHYTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE Prostate brachytherapy; Small bowel; Toxicity; Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; NORMAL TISSUE AB PURPOSE: To report on the safe and effective use of a prostate brachytherapy implant for clinically low-risk prostate cancer in a patient with previous ileal pouch anal anastomosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A patient with a previous history of total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis was diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer. He underwent prostate brachytherapy implant and his urinary, bowel, and sexual function were monitored preoperatively and regularly after his implant. RESULTS: Approximately 1-year postimplant, the patient's serum prostate-specific antigen continued to decrease and urinary obstructive symptoms measured via a standardized patient-reported instrument increased transiently but returned to baseline. His sexual function remains slightly diminished. His self-reported bowel function has been essentially unchanged, and he specifically denies increased stool frequency, urgency, incontinence, tenesmus, or hematochezia. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate brachytherapy appears to be both safe and effective for treating low-risk prostate cancer in patients with a pre-existing deal pouch-anal anastomosis. Although there is a potential for significant late injury to the neorectum, a previous small series indicated that this had not been seen. Models currently used to predict normal tissue complication probabilities do not seem well applied to this case. The developments of algorithms that more correctly model this condition are encouraged. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miles, Edward F.; Nelson, John W.] USN, Div Radiat Oncol, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Miles, EF (reprint author), USN, Div Radiat Oncol, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM edward.miles@med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1538-4721 J9 BRACHYTHERAPY JI Brachytherapy PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.brachy.2010.05.005 PG 4 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 731LN UT WOS:000288108400004 PM 20688577 ER PT J AU Isken, MW Ward, TJ Littig, SJ AF Isken, Mark W. Ward, Timothy J. Littig, Steven J. TI An open source software project for obstetrical procedure scheduling and occupancy analysis SO HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Patient flow; Scheduling; Obstetrics; Open source software ID ELECTIVE INDUCTION; QUEUING THEORY; CESAREAN-SECTION; HOSPITAL BEDS; HEALTH-CARE; MODEL; LABOR; MANAGEMENT; CHOICE AB Increases in the rate of births via cesarean section and induced labor have led to challenging scheduling and capacity planning problems for hospital inpatient obstetrical units. We present occupancy and patient scheduling models to help address these challenges. These patient flow models can be used to explore the relationship between procedure scheduling practices and the resulting occupancy on inpatient obstetrical units such as labor and delivery and postpartum. The models capture numerous important characteristics of inpatient obstetrical patient flow such as time of day and day of week dependent arrivals and length of stay, multiple patient types and clinical interventions, and multiple patient care units with inter-unit patient transfers. We have used these models in several projects at different hospitals involving design of procedure scheduling templates and analysis of inpatient obstetrical capacity. In the development of these models, we made heavy use of open source software tools and have released the entire project as a free and open source model and software toolkit. C1 [Isken, Mark W.] Oakland Univ, Sch Business Adm, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. [Ward, Timothy J.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Littig, Steven J.] Improvement Path Syst Inc, Farmington Hills, MI USA. RP Isken, MW (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Sch Business Adm, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. EM isken@oakland.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1386-9620 J9 HEALTH CARE MANAG SC JI Health Care Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 56 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s10729-010-9141-8 PG 18 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 714TL UT WOS:000286831800004 PM 20978855 ER PT J AU Roberts, NC AF Roberts, Nancy C. TI Tracking and disrupting dark networks: Challenges of data collection and analysis SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS LA English DT Article DE Dark networks; Visual analytics; Data collection; Analysis and fusion AB The attack on September 11, 2001 set off numerous efforts to counter terrorism and insurgencies. Central to these efforts has been the drive to improve data collection and analysis. Section 1 summarizes some of the more notable improvements among U.S. government agencies as they strive to develop their capabilities. Although progress has been made, daunting challenges remain. Section 2 reviews the basic challenges to data collection and analysis focusing in some depth on the difficulties of data integration. Three general approaches to data integration are identified-discipline-centric, placed-centric and virtual. A summary of the major challenges in data integration confronting field operators in Iraq and Afghanistan illustrates the work that lies ahead. Section 3 shifts gears to focus on the future and introduces the discipline of Visual Analytics-an emerging field dedicated to improving data collection and analysis through the use of computer-mediated visualization techniques and tools. The purpose of Visual Analytics is to maximize human capability to perceive, understand, reason, make judgments and work collaboratively with multidimensional, conflicting, and dynamic data. The paper concludes with two excellent examples of analytic software platforms that have been developed for the intelligence community-Palantir and ORA. They signal the progress made in the field of Visual Analytics to date and illustrate the opportunities that await other IS researchers interested in applying their knowledge and skills to the tracking and disrupting of dark networks. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Roberts, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Root Hall 103H, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nroberts@nps.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3326 EI 1572-9419 J9 INFORM SYST FRONT JI Inf. Syst. Front. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10796-010-9271-z PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 732WI UT WOS:000288220000002 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Qidwai, SM Jackson, M Geltmacher, AB AF Lewis, A. C. Qidwai, S. M. Jackson, M. Geltmacher, A. B. TI Strategies for integration of 3-D experimental data with modeling and simulation SO JOM LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOY; BCC CRYSTALS; FIB-SEM; MICROSTRUCTURES; DEFORMATION; POLYCRYSTALS; COMPOSITES; MICROSCOPE; PLASTICITY; CURVATURE AB For the most comprehensive modeling and prediction of materials behavior at the microscale, experimentally measured three-dimensional (3-D) microstructural datasets must be incorporated as initial input into computational models. Although the capability to collect and store large amounts of 3-D microstructural data is advancing continuously, computational resources for the processing and simulation can limit the amount of data that can be analyzed. Depending on the features and properties of interest, several approaches can be applied to optimize processing, reduce the amount of data that needs to be simulated, and increase the efficiency of simulations to maximize the statistical significance of microstructure analyses. This paper presents examples of four such approaches to efficient integration of large 3-D datasets into modeling and simulations of mechanical behavior in an efficient yet statistically significant manner. C1 [Lewis, A. C.; Qidwai, S. M.; Geltmacher, A. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jackson, M.] BlueQuartz Software, Springboro, OH 45066 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil; mike.jackson@bluequartz.net OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X FU Office of Naval Research; DARPA [N0001407WX20381] FX Research described in this manuscript was supported by the Office of Naval Research and DARPA under grant #N0001407WX20381. FE Simulations were performed through the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The authors wish to acknowledge Professor Y. Zhang of Carnegie Mellon University for providing the mesh depicted in Figure 5. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0043-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 733IZ UT WOS:000288257700006 ER PT J AU Rowenhorst, DJ Lewis, AC AF Rowenhorst, D. J. Lewis, A. C. TI Image processing and analysis of 3-D microscopy data SO JOM LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; MICROSTRUCTURES AB While there are many microstructural parameters that can be measured from a planar two-dimensional (2-D) section through a material, there are many measurements that require knowledge of the full three-dimensional (3-D) microstructure, such as true size and shape of individual objects, connectivity and interfacial curvatures. Serial sectioning and reconstruction can reveal the 3-D microstructure but are often considered to be time consuming and labor intensive. However, what is not often realized is that the majority of the time invested in serial sectioning is spent in the image segmentation, wherein individual objects are digitally identified. This article reviews the current state of image segmentation and novel analysis within 3-D materials science. We will also briefly discuss the future possibilities for more efficient segmentation of digital images for a broader range of materials. C1 [Rowenhorst, D. J.; Lewis, A. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rowenhorst, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.row-enhorst@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research/DARPA; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support of Office of Naval Research/DARPA under the D 3-D Digital Structures program and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The authors also would like to thank Sukbin Lee and Anthony Rollett at Carnegie Mellon University for the generous use of the 3MC surface meshing code. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0046-x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 733IZ UT WOS:000288257700009 ER PT J AU Mahon, RT AF Mahon, Richard T. TI Exploring the depths of immersion pulmonary edema SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRONE EXERCISE; HEMODYNAMICS; ATA C1 USN, Undersea Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Mahon, RT (reprint author), USN, Undersea Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Richard.Mahon@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 110 IS 3 BP 589 EP 590 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00019.2011 PG 2 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 731RN UT WOS:000288127100004 PM 21233342 ER PT J AU Toselli, I Agrawal, B Restaino, S AF Toselli, Italo Agrawal, Brij Restaino, Sergio TI Light propagation through anisotropic turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID NON-KOLMOGOROV TURBULENCE; STAR IMAGE MOTION; STRATOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; OPTICAL PROPAGATION; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; IRREGULARITIES AB A wealth of experimental data has shown that atmospheric turbulence can be anisotropic; in this case, a Kolmogorov spectrum does not describe well the atmospheric turbulence statistics. In this paper, we show a quantitative analysis of anisotropic turbulence by using a non-Kolmogorov power spectrum with an anisotropic coefficient. The spectrum we use does not include the inner and outer scales, it is valid only inside the inertial subrange, and it has a power-law slope that can be different from a Kolmogorov one. Using this power spectrum, in the weak turbulence condition, we analyze the impact of the power-law variations alpha on the long-term beam spread and scintillation index for several anisotropic coefficient values zeta. We consider only horizontal propagation across the turbulence cells, assuming circular symmetry is maintained on the orthogonal plane to the propagation direction. We conclude that the anisotropic coefficient influences both the long-term beam spread and the scintillation index by the factor zeta(2-alpha). (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Toselli, Italo; Agrawal, Brij] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Restaino, Sergio] Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Toselli, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM itoselli@nps.edu; agrawal@nps.edu; sergio.restaino@gmail.com FU National Research Council FX This research was performed while the author I. Toselli held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Spacecraft Research and Design Center, Department of Mechanical and Astronautical Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.28.000483 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 730DI UT WOS:000288012400025 PM 21383832 ER PT J AU Salvalaggio, PR Dzebisashvili, N MacLeod, KE Lentine, KL Gheorghian, A Schnitzler, MA Hohmann, S Segev, DL Gentry, SE Axelrod, DA AF Salvalaggio, Paolo R. Dzebisashvili, Nino MacLeod, Kara E. Lentine, Krista L. Gheorghian, Adrian Schnitzler, Mark A. Hohmann, Samuel Segev, Dorry L. Gentry, Sommer E. Axelrod, David A. TI The Interaction Among Donor Characteristics, Severity of Liver Disease, and the Cost of Liver Transplantation SO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE UTILIZATION; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; RISK INDEX; MELD SCORE; DONATION; MODEL; COMPLICATIONS; ALLOCATION; ALLOGRAFTS; OUTCOMES AB Accurate assessment of the impact of donor quality on liver transplant (LT) costs has been limited by the lack of a large, multicenter study of detailed clinical and economic data. A novel, retrospective database linking information from the University HealthSystem Consortium and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network registry was analyzed using multi-variate regression to determine the relationship between donor quality (assessed through the Donor Risk Index [DRI]), recipient illness severity, and total inpatient costs (transplant and all readmissions) for 1 year following LT. Cost data were available for 9059 LT recipients. Increasing MELD score, higher DRI, simultaneous liver-kidney transplant, female sex, and prior liver transplant were associated with increasing cost of LT (P < 0.05). MELD and DRI interact to synergistically increase the cost of LT (P < 0.05). Donors in the highest DRI quartile added close to $12,000 to the cost of transplantation and nearly $22,000 to posttransplant costs in comparison to the lowest risk donors. Among the individual components of the DRI, donation after cardiac death (increased costs by $20,769 versus brain dead donors) had the greatest impact on transplant costs. Overall, 1-year costs were increased in older donors, minority donors, nationally shared organs, and those with cold ischemic times of 7-13 hours (P < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, donor quality, as measured by the DRI, is an independent predictor of LT costs in the perioperative and postoperative periods. Centers in highly competitive regions that perform transplantation on higher MELD patients with high DRI livers may be particularly affected by the synergistic impact of these factors. Liver Transpl 17:233-242, 2011. (C) 2011 AASLD. C1 [Dzebisashvili, Nino; Lentine, Krista L.; Gheorghian, Adrian; Schnitzler, Mark A.] St Louis Univ, Ctr Outcomes Res, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Salvalaggio, Paolo R.; MacLeod, Kara E.] Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [MacLeod, Kara E.] Univ Washington, Surg Outcomes Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hohmann, Samuel] Univ HealthSystem Consortium, Oak Brook, IL USA. [Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Baltimore, MD USA. [Axelrod, David A.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Hanover, NH USA. RP Lentine, KL (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Ctr Outcomes Res, Sch Med, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM lentinek@slu.edu OI Gentry, Sommer/0000-0003-4530-8917 FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [1RC1DK086450, K08DK073036]; Health Resources and Services Administration [234-2005-370011C] FX The researchers were supported in part by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), 1RC1DK086450. This work was supported in part by Health Resources and Services Administration contract 234-2005-370011C. Dr. Lentine received career development support from an NIDDK grant, K08DK073036. The content is the responsibility of the authors alone. NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1527-6465 J9 LIVER TRANSPLANT JI Liver Transplant. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 3 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1002/lt.22230 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 732IL UT WOS:000288178100003 PM 21384505 ER PT J AU Liu, JM Davis, CE Regin, TM Brophy, J AF Liu, John M. Davis, Carrie E. Regin, Terri M. Brophy, Joseph TI Monitoring the Growth of Hidden Corrosion Discontinuities in a Pipeline with Complex Geometry Using Torsional Mode Ultrasonic Guided Wave SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE Ultrasonic guided waves; pipes; corrosion monitoring; discontinuity growth; effects of welds and elbows ID LONG-RANGE; PROPAGATION; PIPES AB The peak amplitude of the fundamental torsional mode, T(0,1), ultrasonic guided wave, excited and sensed by commercially available equipment using permanently mounted magnetostrictive transducers, was used to monitor the growth of electrochemically induced, external discontinuities in a steel pipeline (216 mm outside diameter). The pipeline was more than 30.5 m tong, had multiple welds and two 90 degrees elbows. Over the course of eight months, two discontinuities, hidden from ultrasonic testing (UT) technicians, grew systematically in both area and depth, providing the opportunity to experimentally evaluate the effects of complex geometry on signal characteristics. Corrosion around a weld was also studied. The obtained results were compared with a surface discontinuity that was unaffected by intermediate welds located between the transducer and the discontinuity. It was found that the effects of multiple welds and an elbow decreased the sensitivity for discontinuity growth monitoring by a factor of less than two. This was established by examining the scaling of discontinuity signal peak heights against a weld peak instead of using a conventional distance-amplitude-correction (DAC) curve to account for material attenuation, by comparing the signals from a discontinuity viewed along the forward and the reverse direction, and by allowing the discontinuities to change in all three dimensions in the course of this monitoring effort. This controlled study for discontinuity growth monitoring can be useful to guide efforts on discontinuity growth monitoring of complex pipelines in the field. C1 [Liu, John M.; Davis, Carrie E.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Regin, Terri M.] Naval Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC USA. [Brophy, Joseph] B&E Ltd, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Liu, JM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. FU Sustainable Infrastructure Panel of the DOD; Ignacio Perez of the Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Sustainable Infrastructure Panel of the DOD Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), managed by John A. Hall. The support of Ignacio Perez of the Office of Naval Research for the pursuit of ultrasonic guided wave technology at NSWCCD is also gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank Johnnie Deloach, manager of the welding, processing and NDE branch, Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, for useful comments during the preparation of this paper. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 69 IS 3 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 733BL UT WOS:000288235300003 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM Kirchoefer, SW Chang, W Pond, JM Alldredge, LMB AF Krowne, C. M. Kirchoefer, S. W. Chang, W. Pond, J. M. Alldredge, L. M. B. TI Examination of the Possibility of Negative Capacitance Using Ferroelectric Materials in Solid State Electronic Devices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Negative capacitance; ferroelectric; energy storage; polarization behavior AB We show here, using fundamental energy storage relationships for capacitors, that there are severe constraints upon what can be realized utilizing ferroelectric materials as FET dielectrics. A basic equation governing all small signal behavior is derived, a negative capacitance quality factor is defined based upon it, and thousands of carefully measured devices are evaluated. We show that no instance of negative capacitance occurs within our huge database. Furthermore, we demonstrate that highly nonlinear biasing behavior in a series stack could be misinterpreted as giving a negative capacitance. C1 [Krowne, C. M.; Kirchoefer, S. W.; Chang, W.; Pond, J. M.; Alldredge, L. M. B.] USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cliff.krowne@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 988 EP 992 DI 10.1021/nl1037215 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 730UY UT WOS:000288061500012 PM 21280668 ER PT J AU Felt, SA Wasfy, MO El-Tras, WF Samir, A Rahaman, BA Boshra, M Parker, TM Hatem, ME El-Bassiouny, AA Murray, CK Pimentel, G AF Felt, Stephen A. Wasfy, Momtaz O. El-Tras, Wael F. Samir, Ahmed Rahaman, Bassem Abdel Boshra, Marie Parker, Tina M. Hatem, Mahmoud Essam El-Bassiouny, Ahmed Ahmed Murray, Clinton K. Pimentel, Guillermo TI Cross-Species Surveillance of Leptospira in Domestic and Pen-Domestic Animals in Mahalla City, Gharbeya Governorate, Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FEBRILE ILLNESS; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRES; CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS; INFECTION; SHEEP; EAST; FARM; DOGS; PCR AB A survey of 179 animals (black rats, dogs, sheep, buffaloes, cattle, donkeys, weasels, and cats) for Leptospira infection was conducted in Mahalla City (Lower Egypt). Blood, urine, and kidney were collected and tested by culture, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among rats, 26% were positive by PCR, including 7% that were also positive by culture for L. interrogans serovars Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes, and Icterohaemorrhagiae. L. borpetersenii serovar Polonica was isolated for the first time in Egypt in three rats. MAT titers >= 1:800 were observed in 11% of rats and 12% of dogs. L. interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa was detected in one cat. Sheep and donkeys were negative for leptospirosis by all methods. Buffaloes and cattle were seropositive in 20% and 44% of animals, respectively. Data indicate that several pathogenic serovars are circulating in the animals, which may pose exposure risks and account for high rates of acute febrile illness. C1 [Wasfy, Momtaz O.; Rahaman, Bassem Abdel; Boshra, Marie; Pimentel, Guillermo] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Lab Unit, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Felt, Stephen A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parker, Tina M.] NIAID, TB Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Dis Resp Dis Bra, DMID, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [El-Tras, Wael F.; El-Bassiouny, Ahmed Ahmed] Kafr El Sheik Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Hyg & Prevent Med, Kafr Al Sheikh, Egypt. [Samir, Ahmed] Cairo Univ, Fac Vet, Dept Microbiol, Coll Med, Cairo, Egypt. [Hatem, Mahmoud Essam] Cairo Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Microbiol, Cairo, Egypt. [Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Lab Unit, 3A Imtidad Ramses St, Cairo 11517, Egypt. EM felt@stanford.edu; momtaz.wasfy.eg@med.navy.mil; wael_tras@yahoo.com; ahmedsamir121@hotmail.com; bassem.abdel-rahman.eg@med.navy.mil; marie.boshra@gmail.com; parkerti@niaid.nih.gov; essamhatem@yahoo.com; bassiounya@yahoo.com; clinton.murray@us.army.mil OI El-Tras, Wael/0000-0003-1276-7164; Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS); Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the US Naval Medical Research Unit-3 (NAMU-3); Accreditation of the International Association of Assessment of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) FX The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the US Navy Department or Egypt. Copyright statement: some of the authors are employees of the US Government, and this work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that "copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U.S.C. 001 defines a US Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. This work was funded by Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) in compliance with the regulations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the US Naval Medical Research Unit-3 (NAMU-3) and Accreditation of the International Association of Assessment of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC). NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3 BP 420 EP 425 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0393 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 730AK UT WOS:000287995600011 PM 21363980 ER PT J AU Maves, RC Castillo, R Guillen, A Espinosa, B Meza, R Espinoza, N Nunez, G Sanchez, L Chacaltana, J Cepeda, D Gonzalez, S Hall, ER AF Maves, Ryan C. Castillo, Rosa Guillen, Alfredo Espinosa, Benjamin Meza, Rina Espinoza, Nereyda Nunez, Gladys Sanchez, Luis Chacaltana, Jesus Cepeda, David Gonzalez, Sofia Hall, Eric R. TI Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Brucella melitensis Isolates in Peru SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article AB Brucellosis is an important public health problem in Peru. We evaluated 48 human Brucella melitensis biotype 1 strains from Peru between 2000 and 2006. MICs of isolates to doxycycline, azithromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined by the Etest method. All isolates were sensitive to tested drugs during the periods of testing. Relapses did not appear to be related to drug resistance. C1 [Maves, Ryan C.; Castillo, Rosa; Meza, Rina; Espinoza, Nereyda; Nunez, Gladys; Cepeda, David] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Guillen, Alfredo] Clin San Borja, Lima, Peru. [Espinosa, Benjamin] USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA USA. [Chacaltana, Jesus] Hosp Nacl Daniel Alcides Carrion, Callao, Peru. [Sanchez, Luis] Hosp Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru. [Gonzalez, Sofia] Ctr Med Naval Cirujano Mayor Santiago Tavara, Callao, Peru. [Hall, Eric R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Maves, RC (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Ryan.Maves@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center [60000.000.0.B0017] FX This work was supported by work unit 60000.000.0.B0017 and funded by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1279 EP 1281 DI 10.1128/AAC.00979-10 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 726AD UT WOS:000287687100048 PM 21199926 ER PT J AU Kukhtarev, N Kukhtareva, T Gallegos, SC AF Kukhtarev, Nickolai Kukhtareva, Tatiana Gallegos, Sonia C. TI Holographic interferometry of oil films and droplets in water with a single-beam mirror-type scheme SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; RAINDROPS; EMULSION AB Application of single-beam reflective laser optical interferometry for oil films and droplets in water detection and characterization is discussed. Oil films can be detected by the appearance of characteristic interference patterns. Analytical expressions describing intensity distribution in these interference patterns allow determination of oil film thickness, size of oil droplets, and distance to the oil film from the observation plane. Results from these analyses indicate that oil spill aging and breakup can be monitored in real time by analyzing time-dependent holographic fringe patterns. Interferometric methods of oil spill detection and characterization can be automated using digital holography with three-dimensional reconstruction of the time-changing oil spill topography. In this effort, the interferometric methods were applied to samples from Chevron oil and British Petroleum MC252 oil obtained during the Deep Water Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Kukhtarev, Nickolai; Kukhtareva, Tatiana] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Gallegos, Sonia C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kukhtarev, N (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM nickoly.kukhtarev@aamu.edu FU Alabama AM University; American Society for Engineering Education/Office of Naval Research (ONR); NASA-ROSES [NNH08ZDA001N: A28] FX This work was supported by the Title III Program of the Alabama A&M University for T. Kukhtareva and an American Society for Engineering Education/Office of Naval Research (ONR) Summer Fellowship for N. Kukhtarev. Support for S. C. Gallegos was provided by NASA-ROSES 2008 NNH08ZDA001N: A28: Earth Science for Decision Making: Gulf of Mexico Region. Special thanks are extended to Chevron Pascagoula refinery for providing crude oil samples and to M. Ben Kinney from Exponent, Inc. for supplying the dispersant samples utilized in this study. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 7 BP B53 EP B57 DI 10.1364/AO.50.000B53 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 728CN UT WOS:000287851800010 PM 21364712 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Zhang, YP Gibson, JH Xie, GG Chen, H AF Xiao, Yang Zhang, Yanping Gibson, John H. Xie, Geoffrey G. Chen, Hui TI Performance analysis of ALOHA and p-persistent ALOHA for multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks SO CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Underwater acoustic sensor networks; MAC; ALOHA; p-persistent ALOHA; Multi-hop ID IEEE-802.11 AB The extreme conditions under which multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) operate constrain the performance of medium access control (MAC) protocols. The MAC protocol employed significantly impacts the operation of the network supported, and such impacts must be carefully considered when developing protocols for networks constrained by both bandwidth and propagation delay. Time-based coordination, such as TDMA, have limited applicability due to the dynamic nature of the water channel used to propagate the sound signals, as well as the significant effect of relatively small changes in propagation distance on the propagation time. These effects cause inaccurate time synchronization and therefore make time-based access protocols less viable. The large propagation delays also diminish the effectiveness of carrier sense protocols as they do not predict with any certainty the status of the intended recipients at the point when the traffic would arrive. Thus, CSMA protocols do not perform well in UASNs, either. Reservation-based protocols have seldom been successful in commercial products over the past 50 years due to many drawbacks, such as limited scalability, relatively low robustness, etc. In particular, the impact of propagation delays in UASNs and other such constrained networks obfuscate the operation of the reservation protocols and diminish, if not completely negate, the benefit of reservations. The efficacy of the well-known RTS-CTS scheme, as a reservation-based enhancement to the CSMA protocol, is also adversely impacted by long propagation delays. An alternative to these MAC protocols is the much less complex ALOHA protocol, or one of its variants. However, the performance of such protocols within the context of multi-hop networks is not well studied. In this paper we identify the challenges of modeling contention-based MAC protocols and present models for analyzing ALOHA and p-persistent ALOHA variants for a simple string topology. As expected, an application of the model suggests that ALOHA variants are very sensitive to traffic loads. Indeed, when the traffic load is small, utilization becomes insensible to p values. A key finding, though, is the significance of the network size on the protocols' performance, in terms of successful delivery of traffic from outlying nodes, indicating that such protocols are only appropriate for very small networks, as measured by hop count. C1 [Xiao, Yang; Zhang, Yanping] Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Gibson, John H.; Xie, Geoffrey G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chen, Hui] Virginia State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Xiao, Y (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM yangxiao@ieee.org; yzhang@cs.ua.edu; jhgibson@nps.edu; xie@nps.edu; huichen@ieee.org RI Chen, Hui/C-9645-2013 OI Chen, Hui/0000-0002-9840-4876 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-0829827, CNS-0716211, CNS-0737325] FX This work is supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under the grant numbers CCF-0829827, CNS-0716211, and CNS-0737325. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1386-7857 EI 1573-7543 J9 CLUSTER COMPUT JI Cluster Comput. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s10586-009-0093-z PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 726VH UT WOS:000287754100006 ER PT J AU Strycharz, SM Malanoski, AP Snider, RM Yi, H Lovley, DR Tender, LM AF Strycharz, Sarah M. Malanoski, Anthony P. Snider, Rachel M. Yi, Hana Lovley, Derek R. Tender, Leonard M. TI Application of cyclic voltammetry to investigate enhanced catalytic current generation by biofilm-modified anodes of Geobacter sulfurreducens strain DL1 vs. variant strain KN400 SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; REDOX POLYMER; HARVESTING ELECTRICITY; RESPIRING BACTERIA; POWER-GENERATION; ACTIVATED CARBON; STEADY-STATE; MODEL AB A biofilm of Geobacter sulfurreducens will grow on an anode surface and catalyze the generation of an electrical current by oxidizing acetate and utilizing the anode as its metabolic terminal electron acceptor. Here we report qualitative analysis of cyclic voltammetry of anodes modified with biofilms of G. sulfurreducens strains DL1 and KN400 to predict possible rate-limiting steps in current generation. Strain KN400 generates approximately 2 to 8-fold greater current than strain DL1 depending upon the electrode material, enabling comparative electrochemical analysis to study the mechanism of current generation. This analysis is based on our recently reported electrochemical model for biofilm-catalyzed current generation expanded here to a five step model; Step 1 is mass transport of acetate, carbon dioxide and protons into and out of the biofilm, Step 2 is microbial turnover of acetate to carbon dioxide and protons, Step 3 is the non-concerted, 1-electron reduction of 8 equivalents of electron transfer (ET) mediator, Step 4 is extracellular electron transfer (EET) through the biofilm to the electrode surface, and Step 5 is the reversible oxidation of reduced mediator by the electrode. Five idealized voltammetric current vs. potential dependencies (voltammograms) are derived, one for when each step in the model is assumed to limit catalytic current. Comparison to experimental voltammetry of DL1 and KN400 biofilm-modified anodes suggests that for both strains, the microbial oxidation of acetate (Step 2) is fast compared to microbial reduction of ET mediator (Step 3), and either Step 3 or EET through the biofilm (Step 4) limits catalytic current generation. The possible limitation of catalytic current by Step 4 is consistent with proton concentration gradients observed within these biofilms and finite thicknesses achieved by these biofilms. The model presented here has been universally designed for application to biofilms other than G. sulfurreducens and could serve as a platform for future quantitative voltammetric analysis of non-corrosive anode and cathode reactions catalyzed by microorganisms. C1 [Strycharz, Sarah M.; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Snider, Rachel M.; Tender, Leonard M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yi, Hana; Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill Sci Ctr N 4, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Strycharz, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tender@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0084, N00014-10-WX20463] FX This work support by the Naval Research Laboratory (L. M. T.) and the Office of Naval Research (D. R. L.: No. N00014-10-1-0084, L. M. T: Grant No. N00014-10-WX20463). NR 60 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 106 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 896 EP 913 DI 10.1039/c0ee00260g PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729CE UT WOS:000287924700034 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Curtis, D Zehnder, D Kim, S Gaskill, DK Jernigan, GG Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Campbell, PM Lee, KM Asbeck, P AF Moon, J. S. Curtis, D. Zehnder, D. Kim, S. Gaskill, D. K. Jernigan, G. G. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Campbell, P. M. Lee, K. -M. Asbeck, P. TI Low-Phase-Noise Graphene FETs in Ambipolar RF Applications SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Field-effect transistor (FET); frequency multiplier; graphene; mixer; phase noise; 1/f noise ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; TRANSISTORS AB In this letter, we present both the 1/f noise and phase noise performance of top-gated epitaxial graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) in nonlinear circuit applications for the first time. In the case of frequency doublers, the fundamental signal is suppressed by 25 dB below the second harmonic signal. With a phase noise of -110 dBc/Hz measured at a 10-kHz offset, a carrier-to-noise degradation (Delta CNR) of 6 dB was measured for the frequency doubler. This implies noiseless frequency multiplication without additional 1/f noise upconversion during the nonlinear process. The frequency multiplication was demonstrated above the gigahertz range. The 1/f noise of top-gated epitaxial graphene FETs is comparable or lower than that of exfoliated graphene FETs. C1 [Moon, J. S.; Curtis, D.; Zehnder, D.; Kim, S.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Gaskill, D. K.; Jernigan, G. G.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Campbell, P. M.] USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, K. -M.; Asbeck, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [N66001-08-C-2048] FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and monitored by Dr. John Albrecht at DARPA under SPAWAR Contract N66001-08-C-2048. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this letter are those of the author/presenter and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor L. Selmi. NR 17 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 43 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 270 EP 272 DI 10.1109/LED.2010.2100074 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 725PR UT WOS:000287658400016 ER PT J AU Nasir, A Todd, CS Stanekzai, MR Bautista, CT Botros, BA Scott, PT Kim, JH Strathdee, SA Tjaden, J AF Nasir, Abdul Todd, Catherine S. Stanekzai, Mohammad R. Bautista, Christian T. Botros, Boulos A. Scott, Paul T. Kim, Jerome H. Strathdee, Steffanie A. Tjaden, Jeffrey TI Implications of hepatitis C viremia vs. antibody alone on transmission among male injecting drug users in three Afghan cities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; Injecting drug user; HCV; Harm reduction; HIV-HCV co-infection ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; RISK BEHAVIORS; VIRUS REINFECTION; HIGH PREVALENCE; SPONTANEOUS CLEARANCE; RNA LEVELS; HIV; COHORT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COINFECTION AB Objectives: To assess differences between injecting drug users (IDUs) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia and IDUs with HCV antibody (Ab) or no evidence of prior infection in three Afghan cities. Methods: IDUs in Hirat, Jalalabad, and Mazar-i-Sharif completed questionnaires and rapid testing for blood-borne infections including HCV Ab. HCV Ab was confirmed with a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA); RIBA-positive specimens underwent reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for HCV. Risk behaviors associated with viremia were assessed with site-controlled ordinal regression analysis. Results: Of 609 participants, 223 (36.6%) had confirmed HCV Ab. Of 221 with serum available for PCR evaluation, 127 (57.5%) were viremic. HCV viremia prevalence did not differ by site (range 41.7-59.1%; p = 0.52). Among all IDUs, in age and site-controlled ordinal regression analysis, HCV was independently associated with HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.41-11.64), prior addiction treatment (AOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.57-2.42), ever aspirating and re-injecting blood (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18-2.23), prior incarceration (AOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.04-2.45), and sharing injecting equipment in the last 6 months (AOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.80). Conclusion: HCV viremia was present in many participants with prior HCV infection and was associated with some injecting risk behaviors, indicating a substantial risk for transmission. Current harm reduction programs should aim to improve HCV awareness and prevention among IDUs in Afghanistan as a matter of urgency. (C) 2010 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Todd, Catherine S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Nasir, Abdul; Stanekzai, Mohammad R.] Int Rescue Comm, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Bautista, Christian T.; Scott, Paul T.; Kim, Jerome H.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Botros, Boulos A.; Tjaden, Jeffrey] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. [Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Todd, CS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 622W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM cst2121@columbia.edu FU Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [K01TW007408] FX This study was funded by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. The opinions and assertions made by the authors do not reflect the official position or opinion of the US Department of the Navy or Army, or of the respective in-country National HIV/AIDS Control Programs and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Dr Todd appreciates support from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (K01TW007408). Study sponsors had no involvement in study design, data collection or analysis, or in the writing or decision to submit the manuscript. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 15 IS 3 BP E201 EP E205 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.11.006 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 729RD UT WOS:000287967500008 PM 21190883 ER PT J AU Bond, JW Eliopulos, LN Brady, TF AF Bond, John W. Eliopulos, Louis N. Brady, Thomas F. TI Visualization of Latent Fingermark Corrosion of Brass, Climatic Influence in a Comparison Between the UK and Iraq SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; latent fingermark; print visualization; metal surface; electrochemical mechanism; latent fingermark components; climate; detection ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; FINGERPRINT CORROSION; CUPROUS-OXIDE; ZINC; COPPER; XPS AB Through a comparison of fingermark sweat corrosion of alpha phase brass in both the U.K. and Iraq, we show how samples from Iraq have improved fingermark corrosion over U.K. samples that require no additional enhancement prior to visualization. Over 50% of Iraqi samples produced fingermark corrosion with full ridge detail compared with 0% from the U.K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the fingermark corrosion products showed that Iraqi samples exhibit more dezincification with the Zn:Cu ratio averaging 1:1.82 compared with 1:3.07 for U.K. samples. Auger spectroscopy showed the presence of both zinc oxide and copper (I) oxide. No copper (II) was observed on the surface of the corroded brass. Opportunities to exploit the optical properties of these thin film oxides to enhance the visualization of fingermark corrosion are considered, and the potential to use fingermark corrosion of metal as a means of visualizing fingerprints in war zones is discussed. C1 [Bond, John W.] Northamptonshire Police, Sci Support Unit, Northampton NN4 0JQ, England. [Bond, John W.] Univ Leicester, Forens Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7EA, Leics, England. [Eliopulos, Louis N.] USN, Forens Consultant Div, Criminal Invest Serv, NCIS Headquarters, Washington, DC 20388 USA. [Brady, Thomas F.] USN, Criminal Invest Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Bond, JW (reprint author), Northamptonshire Police, Sci Support Unit, Wootton Hall, Northampton NN4 0JQ, England. EM john.bond@northants.police.uk NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01680.x PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 725ST UT WOS:000287667100033 PM 21342194 ER PT J AU Haas, DM Sischy, AC McCullough, W Simsiman, AJ AF Haas, David M. Sischy, Adam C. McCullough, William Simsiman, Amanda J. TI Maternal ethnicity influences on neonatal respiratory outcomes after antenatal corticosteroid use for anticipated preterm delivery SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Betamethasone; ethnicity; preterm birth; respiratory distress syndrome ID DISTRESS-SYNDROME; FILIPINO; PHARMACOGENETICS; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; BIRTH; CYP3A AB Objective. To explore the influence of maternal ethnicity on neonatal outcomes after antenatal corticosteroid administration. Methods. retrospective review of ethnicity, maternal factors, and neonatal birth outcomes was performed for preterm births at a single institution. Cases were limited to women who received antenatal corticosteroids. The impact of ethnicity on specific neonatal respiratory outcomes and mortality was analyzed by bivariate comparisons and by logistic regression analysis. Results. Complete ethnicity data were obtained for 548 women. Controlling for gestational age at delivery, diabetes, whether the subject completed a course of steroids, and the dosing of the steroids, logistic regression demonstrated that ethnicity was independently associated with respiratory distress syndrome (compared to Caucasians: African-Americans OR 0.49 (95%% CI 0.29--0.85); Filipinos OR 0.45 (95%% CI 0.21--0.96). Conclusions. Ethnicity is independently associated with neonatal respiratory outcomes after antenatal corticosteroid use. Perhaps individualized dosing of antenatal corticosteroids is needed to further improve neonatal outcomes. C1 [Haas, David M.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept OB GYN, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Sischy, Adam C.; Simsiman, Amanda J.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept OB GYN, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [McCullough, William] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [McCullough, William] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Haas, DM (reprint author), 1001 W 10th St,F-5, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM dahaas@iupui.edu FU NIH-NICHD [K23HD055305]; IUPUI Signature Center; Indiana University Center for Pharmacogenetics and Therapeutics Research in Maternal and Child Health; Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC [NMCSD-2009-0033] FX The authors thank Drs. Daniel T. Shiau, John Richard, Emory A. Fry, and Michael F. McNamara and Cara Olsen [Ref. 7] for the establishment and analysis of the original database. This work was supported by grants: NIH-NICHD K23HD055305 (Haas) and IUPUI Signature Center Grant to PREGMED, The Indiana University Center for Pharmacogenetics and Therapeutics Research in Maternal and Child Health. Reprints not available from authors. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. Three authors are military service members. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a United States Government work as a work prepared by a military service member as part of that person's official duties. The Chief, Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigation Program sponsored this study (CIP# NMCSD-2009-0033). The data were presented by LT Sischy at the 2009 Armed Forces District Meeting in Honolulu, HI November 2009 as an oral presentation. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 516 EP 520 DI 10.3109/14767058.2010.506228 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 716SE UT WOS:000286993000027 PM 20672908 ER PT J AU Murrell, GL AF Murrell, George L. TI In Reference to Sonic Rhinoplasty SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Encinitas, CA USA. RP Murrell, GL (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Encinitas, CA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD MAR PY 2011 VL 121 IS 3 BP 688 EP 688 DI 10.1002/lary.21339 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 727HR UT WOS:000287789400050 PM 21344451 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW Gonzalez, C Teigell, N Petrosky, T Northup, DE Lyles, M AF Griffin, Dale W. Gonzalez, Cristina Teigell, Nuria Petrosky, Terry Northup, Diana E. Lyles, Mark TI Observations on the use of membrane filtration and liquid impingement to collect airborne microorganisms in various atmospheric environments SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Fungi; Methods; Membrane filtration; Liquid impingement; Aeromicrobiology; Microbiology ID SAMPLING TIME; DESERT DUST; BACTERIA; ENUMERATION; AIR; TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL; VIRUSES; FILTER; SPORES AB The influence of sample-collection-time on the recovery of culturable airborne microorganisms using a low-flow-rate membrane-filtration unit and a high-flow-rate liquid impinger were investigated. Differences in recoveries were investigated in four different atmospheric environments, one mid-oceanic at an altitude of similar to 10.0 m, one on a mountain top at an altitude of similar to 3,000.0 m, one at similar to 1.0 m altitude in Tallahassee, Florida, and one at similar to 1.0 m above ground in a subterranean-cave. Regarding use of membrane filtration, a common trend was observed: the shorter the collection period, the higher the recovery of culturable bacteria and fungi. These data also demonstrated that lower culturable counts were common in the more remote mid-oceanic and mountain-top atmospheric environments with bacteria, fungi, and total numbers averaging (by sample time or method categories) < 3.0 colony-forming units (CFU) m(-3). At the Florida and subterranean sites, the lowest average count noted was 3.5 bacteria CFU m(-3), and the highest averaged 140.4 total CFU m(-3). When atmospheric temperature allowed use, the high-volume liquid impinger utilized in this study resulted in much higher recoveries, as much as 10x greater in a number of the categories (bacterial, fungal, and total CFU). Together, these data illustrated that (1) the high-volume liquid impinger is clearly superior to membrane filtration for aeromicrobiology studies if start-up costs are not an issue and temperature permits use; (2) although membrane filtration is more cost friendly and has a 'typically' wider operational range, its limits include loss of cell viability with increased sample time and issues with effectively extracting nucleic acids for community-based analyses; (3) the ability to recover culturable microorganisms is limited in 'extreme' atmospheric environments and thus the use of a 'limited' methodology in these environments must be taken into account; and (4) the atmosphere culls, i.e., everything is not everywhere. C1 [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Discipline, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Gonzalez, Cristina; Teigell, Nuria] Univ La Laguna, Univ Inst Trop Dis & Publ Hlth, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. [Petrosky, Terry] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Northup, Diana E.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lyles, Mark] USN, Res Program Integrat & Mission Dev, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Discipline, 2639 N Monroe St,Suite A200, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s10453-010-9173-z PG 11 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716AN UT WOS:000286937300003 ER PT J AU Bullock, E Szkody, P Mukadam, AS Borges, BW Fraga, L Gansicke, BT Harrison, TE Henden, A Holtzman, J Howell, SB Lawson, WA Levine, S Plotkin, RM Seibert, M Templeton, M Teske, J Vrba, FJ AF Bullock, Eric Szkody, Paula Mukadam, Anjum S. Borges, Bernardo W. Fraga, Luciano Gaensicke, Boris T. Harrison, Thomas E. Henden, Arne Holtzman, Jon Howell, Steve B. Lawson, Warrick A. Levine, Stephen Plotkin, Richard M. Seibert, Mark Templeton, Matthew Teske, Johanna Vrba, Frederick J. TI GALEX AND OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF GW LIBRAE DURING THE LONG DECLINE FROM SUPEROUTBURST SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; stars: individual (GW Lib); stars: oscillations ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; WHITE-DWARF; WZ-SAGITTAE; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; TT ARIETIS; NOVAE; PULSATION; OUTBURST; STARS AB The prototype of accreting, pulsating white dwarfs (GW Lib) underwent a large amplitude dwarf nova outburst in 2007. We used ultraviolet data from Galaxy Evolution Explorer and ground-based optical photometry and spectroscopy to follow GW Lib for three years following this outburst. Several variations are apparent during this interval. The optical shows a superhump modulation in the months following outburst, while a 19 minute quasi-periodic modulation lasting for several months is apparent in the year after outburst. A long timescale (about 4 hr) modulation first appears in the UV a year after outburst and increases in amplitude in the following years. This variation also appears in the optical two years after outburst but is not in phase with the UV. The pre-outburst pulsations are not yet visible after three years, likely indicating the white dwarf has not returned to its quiescent state. The prototype C1 [Bullock, Eric; Szkody, Paula; Mukadam, Anjum S.; Plotkin, Richard M.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Borges, Bernardo W.] Fundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados, Fac Ciencias Exatas & Tecnol, BR-79804070 Dourados, Brazil. [Fraga, Luciano] So Observ Astrophys Res, La Serena, Chile. [Gaensicke, Boris T.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Harrison, Thomas E.; Holtzman, Jon] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Henden, Arne; Templeton, Matthew] AAVSO, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Lawson, Warrick A.] Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Phys Environm & Math Sci, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Levine, Stephen; Vrba, Frederick J.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Levine, Stephen] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Plotkin, Richard M.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Seibert, Mark] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Teske, Johanna] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bullock, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ericb98@u.washington.edu; szkody@astro.washington.edu; mukadam@astro.washington.edu; bernardoborges@ufgd.edu.br; tharriso@nmsu.edu; arne@aavso.org; holtz@nmsu.edu; howell@noao.edu; w.lawson@adfa.edu.au; sel@lowell.edu; mseibert@obs.carnegiescience.edu; matthewt@aavso.org; jkteske@email.arizona.edu RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; 7, INCT/H-6207-2013; Astrofisica, Inct/H-9455-2013; Borges, Bernardo/O-3483-2014 OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Borges, Bernardo/0000-0002-8590-4564 FU NASA GALEX [NNX08AU43G, NNX09AF87G]; NSF [AST0607840] FX This research was funded by NASA GALEX grants NNX08AU43G and NNX09AF87G and NSF grant AST0607840. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3 AR 84 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/3/84 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 719TC UT WOS:000287231000015 ER PT J AU Fomalont, E Johnston, K Fey, A Boboltz, D Oyama, T Honma, M AF Fomalont, Ed Johnston, Kenneth Fey, Alan Boboltz, Dave Oyama, Tamoaki Honma, Mareki TI THE POSITION/STRUCTURE STABILITY OF FOUR ICRF2 SOURCES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; quasars: general; radio continuum: galaxies; surveys ID RADIO-SOURCES; ASTROMETRY; CALIBRATOR; VLBA AB Four close radio sources in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) catalog were observed using phase referencing with the VLBA at 43, 23, and 8.6 GHz, and with VERA at 23 GHz over a one-year period. The goal was to determine the stability of the radio cores and to assess structure effects associated with positions in the ICRF. Although the four sources were compact at 8.6 GHz, the VLBA images at 43 GHz with 0.3 mas resolution showed that all were composed of several components. A component in each source was identified as the radio core using some or all of the following emission properties: compactness, spectral index, location at the end of the extended emission region, and stationary in the sky. Over the observing period, the relative positions between the four radio cores were constant to 0.02 mas, the phase-referencing positional accuracy obtained at 23 and 43 GHz among the sources, suggesting that once a radio core is identified, it remains stationary in the sky to this accuracy. Other radio components in two of the four sources had detectable motion in the radio jet direction. Comparison of the 23 and 43 GHz VLBA images with the VLBA 8.6 GHz images and the ICRF positions suggests that some ICRF positions are dominated by a moving jet component; hence, they can be displaced up to 0.5 mas from the radio core and may also reflect the motion of the jet component. Future astrometric efforts to determine a more accurate quasar reference frame at 23 and 43 GHz and from the VLBI2010 project are discussed, and supporting VLBA or European VLBI Network observations of ICRF sources at 43 GHz are recommended in order to determine the internal structure of the sources. A future collaboration between the radio (ICRF) and the optical frame of GAIA is discussed. C1 [Fomalont, Ed] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Johnston, Kenneth; Fey, Alan; Boboltz, Dave] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Oyama, Tamoaki; Honma, Mareki] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Fomalont, E (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM efomalon@nrao.edu; kenneth.j.johnston@navy.mil; afey@usno.navy.mil; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; t.oyama@nao.ac.jp; mareki.honma@nao.ac.jp NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3 AR 91 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/3/91 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 719TC UT WOS:000287231000022 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Wu, CC Howard, RA Socker, DG Rouillard, AP AF Wood, B. E. Wu, C. -C. Howard, R. A. Socker, D. G. Rouillard, A. P. TI EMPIRICAL RECONSTRUCTION AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE FIRST GEOEFFECTIVE CORONAL MASS EJECTION OF SOLAR CYCLE 24 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID MAGNETIC CLOUDS; STEREO MISSION; 1 AU; WIND; HELIOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; EVENTS; ORIGIN AB We analyze the kinematics and morphology of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from 2010 April 3, which was responsible for the first significant geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24. The analysis utilizes coronagraphic and heliospheric images from the two STEREO spacecraft, and coronagraphic images from SOHO/LASCO. Using an empirical three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique, we demonstrate that the CME can be reproduced reasonably well at all times with a 3D flux rope shape, but the case for a flux rope being the correct interpretation is not as strong as some events studied with STEREO in the past, given that we are unable to infer a unique orientation for the flux rope. A model with an orientation angle of -80 degrees from the ecliptic plane (i.e., nearly N-S) works best close to the Sun, but a model at 10 degrees (i.e., nearly E-W) works better far from the Sun. Both interpretations require the cross section of the flux rope to be significantly elliptical rather than circular. In addition to our empirical modeling, we also present a fully 3D numerical MHD model of the CME. This physical model appears to effectively reproduce aspects of the shape and kinematics of the CME's leading edge. It is particularly encouraging that the model reproduces the amount of interplanetary deceleration observed for the CME during its journey from the Sun to 1 AU. C1 [Wood, B. E.; Wu, C. -C.; Howard, R. A.; Socker, D. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rouillard, A. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil; chin-chun.wu@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil; dennis.socker@nrl.navy.mil; arouilla@gmu.edu FU NASA [NNH10AN83I]; NASA; USAF; ONR FX This work has been supported by NASA award NNH10AN83I to the Naval Research Laboratory. The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by a consortium of NRL (US), LMSAL (US), NASA/GSFC (US), RAL (UK), UBHAM (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA (France), and IAS (France). In addition to funding by NASA, NRL also received support from the USAF Space Test Program and ONR. We have also NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 729 IS 1 AR 70 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/70 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 720BN UT WOS:000287255300070 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI The Bernoulli equation in a moving reference frame SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Unlike other standard equations in introductory classical mechanics, the Bernoulli equation is not Galilean invariant. The explanation is that, in a reference frame moving with respect to constrictions or obstacles, those surfaces do work on the fluid, constituting an extra term that needs to be included in the work-energy calculation. A quantitative example is presented here for a horizontal tapered pipe. A frame-independent expression for the pressure drop in the pipe is obtained. The concepts discussed in this paper are accessible to introductory undergraduate physics majors. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/32/2/022 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 722ZU UT WOS:000287475700022 ER PT J AU Helliwell, TM Konkowski, DA AF Helliwell, T. M. Konkowski, D. A. TI Classical and quantum properties of a two-sphere singularity SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE Singularity; Quantum singularity; Essentially self-adjoint ID QUASI-REGULAR SPACETIMES; POWER-LAW SPACETIMES; TIMES AB Recently Bohmer and Lobo have shown that a metric due to Florides, which has been used as an interior Schwarzschild solution, can be extended to reveal a classical singularity that has the form of a two-sphere. Here the singularity is shown to be a naked scalar curvature singularity that is both timelike and gravitationally weak. It is also shown to be a quantum singularity because the Klein-Gordon operator associated with quantum mechanical particles approaching the singularity is not essentially self-adjoint. C1 [Konkowski, D. A.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Helliwell, T. M.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Konkowski, DA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM helliwell@hmc.edu; dak@usna.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.1007/s10714-010-1099-9 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 722TU UT WOS:000287458700001 ER PT J AU Banerjee, A Person, M Hofstra, A Sweetkind, D Cohen, D Sabin, A Unruh, J Zyvoloski, G Gable, CW Crossey, L Karlstrom, K AF Banerjee, Amlan Person, Mark Hofstra, Albert Sweetkind, Donald Cohen, Denis Sabin, Andrew Unruh, Jeff Zyvoloski, George Gable, Carl W. Crossey, Laura Karlstrom, Karl TI Deep permeable fault-controlled helium transport and limited mantle flux in two extensional geothermal systems in the Great Basin, United States SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; TECTONICS; ISOTOPES; BEOWAWE; DEPOSIT; ORIGIN; FLUIDS; AREA; FLOW AB This study assesses the relative importance of deeply circulating meteoric water and direct mantle fluid inputs on near-surface He-3/He-4 anomalies reported at the Coso and Beowawe geothermal fields of the western United States. The depth of meteoric fluid circulation is a critical factor that controls the temperature, extent of fluid-rock isotope exchange, and mixing with deeply sourced fluids containing mantle volatiles. The influence of mantle fluid flux on the reported helium anomalies appears to be negligible in both systems. This study illustrates the importance of deeply penetrating permeable fault zones (10(-12) to 10(-15) m(2)) in focusing groundwater and mantle volatiles with high He-3/He-4 ratios to shallow crustal levels. These continental geothermal systems are driven by free convection. C1 [Banerjee, Amlan; Person, Mark] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hofstra, Albert; Sweetkind, Donald] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cohen, Denis] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sabin, Andrew] USN, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Unruh, Jeff] William Lettis & Associates, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Zyvoloski, George; Gable, Carl W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Crossey, Laura; Karlstrom, Karl] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Banerjee, A (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM mperson@nmt.edu RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; Crossey, Laura/C-2033-2008; Cohen, Denis/P-2015-2016; Banerjee, Amlan/P-9658-2016; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815; Crossey, Laura/0000-0001-6237-8023; Cohen, Denis/0000-0002-8262-9798; Banerjee, Amlan/0000-0002-2065-1391; Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1130/G31557.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 721SI UT WOS:000287374900003 ER PT J AU Simeonov, JA Calantoni, J AF Simeonov, Julian A. Calantoni, Joseph TI A pressure boundary integral method for direct fluid-particle simulations on Cartesian grids SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Particle-laden flow; Direct numerical simulations; Discontinuous pressure Poisson equation; Boundary integral method ID PARTICULATE FLOWS; EQUATIONS AB We consider a new Cartesian grid method for direct numerical simulations of fully coupled interaction of incompressible flow and spherical particles, based on a discontinuous extension of the pressure Poisson equation (PPE) across particle boundaries. We give a complete mathematical description of the boundary-integral treatment of the discontinuous PPE that includes the derivation of a new pressure boundary condition for accelerating boundaries and the solution of the system of boundary integral equations using spherical harmonics expansions. The model was validated with the standard test for finite Reynolds number flow around a sphere and with a novel test using the analytical solution for the Stokes flow past two adjacent spheres moving with the same velocity. The model capability and numerical efficiency was demonstrated with simulations for the collective settling of groups of 64-512 particles. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Simeonov, Julian A.; Calantoni, Joseph] USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Simeonov, JA (reprint author), USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Code 7434,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM simeonov@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Simeonov, Julian/0000-0002-7554-071X FU ASEE; Office of Naval Research [PE#61153N]; NAVY DSRC; ERDC DSRC FX Julian Simeonov was supported through the ASEE postdoctoral fellowship program. Joseph Calantoni was supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research (PE#61153N). This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the NAVY DSRC and the ERDC DSRC. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 230 IS 5 BP 1749 EP 1765 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.11.027 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 717OS UT WOS:000287057900002 ER PT J AU Vega, V Huynh, UN Holmes, J DeChellis, J Stoyanov, P Piatkowski, D Lee, EW Ogren, J Drusina, N Es-Said, OS AF Vega, V. Huynh, U. Nguyen Holmes, J. DeChellis, J. Stoyanov, P. Piatkowski, D. Lee, E. W. Ogren, J. Drusina, N. Es-Said, O. S. TI Analysis of Heat Effects on Marine Corps AM2 Mat Mechanical Properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE AM2 mats; STOVL; 6061-T6 aluminum ID AL 6061-T6 AB Navy AM2 mats are used as portable aircraft landing platforms for the Short Take-off/Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft operations. This investigation presents the study performed to determine whether the surface discoloration is a precursor to degradation in the mechanical property of the AM2 mat material. The red discoloration on the mat surfaces had a clear correlation with the decrease in yield strength, ultimate strength, and hardness properties. C1 [Vega, V.] Northrop Grumman Corp, El Segundo, CA 90425 USA. [Huynh, U. Nguyen; Holmes, J.; DeChellis, J.; Stoyanov, P.; Ogren, J.; Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Piatkowski, D.] Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. [Lee, E. W.] USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Drusina, N.] Nortrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Vega, V (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, 1 Hornet Way, El Segundo, CA 90425 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu FU National Science Foundation, NSF [EEC-0353668] FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation, NSF, Grant No. EEC-0353668, Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) site. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s11665-010-9669-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 719ZL UT WOS:000287249900015 ER PT J AU Schroeder, JW Vezina, LG AF Schroeder, Jason W. Vezina, L. Gilbert TI Pediatric sellar and suprasellar lesions SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Pediatrics; Sella turcica; Suprasellar; Tumors ID LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS; OPTIC PATHWAY GLIOMAS; RATHKES CLEFT CYSTS; HEAD DOLL SYNDROME; IMAGING FINDINGS; ARACHNOID CYST; LYMPHOCYTIC HYPOPHYSITIS; HYPOTHALAMIC HAMARTOMAS; PILOMYXOID ASTROCYTOMA; DIENCEPHALIC SYNDROME AB Masses arising in the sella turcica and the suprasellar region are common in children. The type and frequency of the various lesions encountered in childhood differ from the adult presentation. This article reviews the embryology of the pituitary gland and its normal appearance in childhood as well as the imaging and clinical findings of the common and some of the uncommon lesions arising in the sella turcica, the pituitary stalk, the suprasellar cistern and the lower third ventricle in the pediatric population. C1 [Schroeder, Jason W.; Vezina, L. Gilbert] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Schroeder, Jason W.] USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Vezina, LG (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM gvezina@cnmc.org FU NIH [2U10 CA098543-08] FX This work was supported by NIH grant 2U10 CA098543-08. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s00247-010-1968-0 PG 12 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 723IL UT WOS:000287500000001 PM 21267556 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Holland, KT AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Holland, K. Todd TI Prediction and assimilation of surf-zone processes using a Bayesian network Part II: Inverse models SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wave height; Bathymetry; Field data; Duck94; Parameter estimation ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; COASTAL REGIONS; NEARSHORE; TRANSFORMATION; VERIFICATION; DISSIPATION; BATHYMETRY; VALIDATION; FORECASTS; BEHAVIOR AB A Bayesian network model has been developed to simulate a relatively simple problem of wave propagation in the surf zone (detailed in Part I). Here, we demonstrate that this Bayesian model can provide both inverse modeling and data-assimilation solutions for predicting offshore wave heights and depth estimates given limited wave-height and depth information from an onshore location. The inverse method is extended to allow data assimilation using observational inputs that are not compatible with deterministic solutions of the problem. These inputs include sand bar positions (instead of bathymetry) and estimates of the intensity of wave breaking (instead of wave-height observations). Our results indicate that wave breaking information is essential to reduce prediction errors. In many practical situations, this information could be provided from a shore-based observer or from remote-sensing systems. We show that various combinations of the assimilated inputs significantly reduce the uncertainty in the estimates of water depths and wave heights in the model domain. Application of the Bayesian network model to new field data demonstrated significant predictive skill (R(2) = 0.7) for the inverse estimate of a month-long time series of offshore wave heights. The Bayesian inverse results include uncertainty estimates that were shown to be most accurate when given uncertainty in the inputs (e.g., depth and tuning parameters). Furthermore, the inverse modeling was extended to directly estimate tuning parameters associated with the underlying wave-process model. The inverse estimates of the model parameters not only showed an offshore wave height dependence consistent with results of previous studies but the uncertainty estimates of the tuning parameters also explain previously reported variations in the model parameters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Holland, K. Todd] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nplant@usgs.gov; todd.holland@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU USGS Coastal Marine Geology; Office of Naval Research [0602435N, N0001409IP20080]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by USGS Coastal Marine Geology (National assessment of coastal change hazards project) and the Office of Naval Research (PE Number: 0602435N for KTH and N0001409IP20080 for NGP). We are indebted to the researchers at the Field Research Facility (FRF, Duck, NC) who collected the long time series of bathymetry and wave conditions used in our models. This debt is extended also to both the FRF researchers and to Drs. Guza, Gallagher, Herbers, Raubenheimer, and Elgar who collected the Duck94 field observation used to test our predictions. That effort was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation. We appreciate the thoughtful and constructive reviews provided by P. Howd, A. Reniers, and B. Lidz. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 256 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.11.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 718GX UT WOS:000287110200004 ER PT J AU Jackson, M Shukla, A AF Jackson, Matthew Shukla, Arun TI Performance of sandwich composites subjected to sequential impact and air blast loading SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Layered structures; Debonding; Impact behavior; Blast loading ID PANELS; BEHAVIOR AB An experimental study has been conducted to examine the effects of two different types of impact damage on the blast performance of sandwich composites. Sandwich composite specimens were subjected to impact by either a high velocity projectile or a low velocity drop weight. After impact, a secondary blast loading experiment was performed on the same specimens to evaluate the effects of the impact damage on the blast performance of the sandwich. Controlled blast loading was imparted using a shock tube apparatus while pressure data and high speed images of the dynamic event were captured. The experimental results showed impact damage from high velocity projectiles was most prominent on the exit face sheet of the sandwich specimens wherein damage to the core and impact face sheet, in the form of a hole, was minimal in comparison. Damage created by low velocity drop weights was concentrated on the impact face sheet and within the core adjacent to the impact face sheet. Low velocity impacts also generated de-bonding between the impact face sheet and core. Shear cracking in the core was the dominant effect of all blast loading. Although the specimens that had been struck by high velocity projectiles absorbed substantially more energy during impact experiments than those impacted by low velocity drop weights the damage created by low velocity impacts had the greatest detrimental effect on the blast performance of the sandwich composites. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shukla, Arun] Univ Rhode Isl, Dynam Photomech Lab, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Jackson, Matthew] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dynam Photomech Lab, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM shuklaa@egr.uri.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000140410268]; Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ED000] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Yapa D.S. Rajapakse) under Grant # N000140410268 and the Department of Homeland Security under the Cooperative Agreement # 2008-ST-061-ED000. Specimens used in this study were provided by The Material Science Corporation. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.09.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 722LF UT WOS:000287433000005 ER PT J AU Cotton, NJ Wilamowski, BM AF Cotton, Nicholas J. Wilamowski, Bogdan M. TI Compensation of Nonlinearities Using Neural Networks Implemented on Inexpensive Microcontrollers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Embedded; microcontroller; neural networks; nonlinear sensor compensation ID SENSOR LINEARIZATION; MOTOR DRIVE; SYSTEMS AB This paper describes a method of linearizing the nonlinear characteristics of many sensors and devices using an embedded neural network. The neuron-by-neuron process was developed in assembly language to allow the fastest and shortest code on the embedded system. The embedded neural network also requires an accurate approximation for hyperbolic tangent to be used as the neuron activation function. The proposed method allows for complex neural networks with very powerful architectures to be embedded on an inexpensive 8-b microcontroller. This process was then demonstrated on several examples, including a robotic arm kinematics problem. C1 [Cotton, Nicholas J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wilamowski, Bogdan M.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Micro Nano Sci & Technol Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Cotton, NJ (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM cottonj@ieee.org; wilam@ieee.org NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0046 EI 1557-9948 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1109/TIE.2010.2098377 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 721AM UT WOS:000287323800003 ER PT J AU Tait, GB Slocum, MB AF Tait, Gregory B. Slocum, Michael B. TI Random-Walk Technique for Measuring the Electromagnetic Environment in Electrically Large Reflective Spaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Complex cavities; electromagnetic measurements; reverberation chamber ID MODE-STIRRED CHAMBER; REVERBERATION CHAMBER; STATISTICAL-MODEL AB An efficient and accurate "walk-around" technique is presented for making on-site measurements of the electromagnetic environment in enclosed reflective spaces found in ship below-deck compartments, aircraft cabins and bays, and buildings such as hangars and prefabricated metal storage facilities. To assess the potentially disruptive or harmful effects to electronics equipment or ordnance from accumulated radio frequency emissions, these reverberant spaces are characterized as overmoded complex cavities, and a statistical analysis is exercised to obtain important information about maximum and average power densities in the space and their associated uncertainties. This new technique utilizes lightweight and portable test equipment, and is particularly well suited for measurements in field-operational spaces, where the use of more conventional techniques has been proven to be very difficult due to severe constraints on time, working volume, equipment size and weight, and test costs. The efficiency and accuracy of the walk-around technique are demonstrated in this paper by comparison to measurements obtained by the more conventional techniques in a large reverberation chamber. Results indicate a substantial reduction in test time, a vast improvement in the ease of test execution that can be realized at remote sites, and equal or better accuracy in the characterization of the electromagnetic environment. C1 [Tait, Gregory B.; Slocum, Michael B.] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Assessment & Evaluat Branch Q52 E3, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Tait, GB (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Assessment & Evaluat Branch Q52 E3, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM gregory.tait@navy.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1009 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2064930 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 717YP UT WOS:000287085500035 ER PT J AU Love, CT AF Love, Corey T. TI Thermomechanical analysis and durability of commercial micro-porous polymer Li-ion battery separators SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Polymer separator; Lithium ion battery; Thermomechanical analysis; Durability; DMA ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLYETHYLENE FILMS; CELLS AB Static and dynamic thermomechanical analysis was performed with a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) to identify thermal and mechanical transitions for commercially available polymer separators under mechanical loading. Clear transitions in deformation mode were observed at elevated temperatures. These transitions identified the onset of separator "shutdown" which occurred at temperatures below the polymer melting point. Mechanical loading direction was critical to the overall integrity of the separator. Anisotropic separators (Celgard 2320, 2400 and 2500) were mechanically limited when pulled in tensile in the transverse direction. The anisotropy of these separators is a result of the dry technique used to manufacture the micro-porous membranes. Separators prepared using the wet technique (Entek Gold LP) behaved more uniformly, or biaxially, where all mechanical properties were nearly identical within the separator plane. The information provided by the DMA can also be useful for predicting the long-term durability of polymer separators in lithium-ion batteries exposed to electrolyte (solvent and salt), thermal fluctuations and electrochemical cycling. Small losses in mechanical integrity were observed for separators exposed to the various immersion environments over the 4-week immersion time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Alternat Energy Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Love, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Alternat Energy Sect, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM corey.love@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX Funding for this work was provided by the Jerome Karle Fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory. The author acknowledges Celgard LLC and Entek Membranes LLC for donating the sample materials for testing. The author would like to thank Dr. James Thomas of NRL for technical expertise and use of DMA instrument and Dr. Karen Swider-Lyons of NRL for helpful discussions. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 5 BP 2905 EP 2912 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.10.083 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 712ZP UT WOS:000286705100068 ER PT J AU Shen, YT Hess, DE AF Shen, Young T. Hess, David E. TI A Method to Scale the Roughness of Submarine Nonskid Coatings on a Free-Running Model for Maneuvering Experiments SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE submersibles; coatings; model testing; maneuvering AB A portion of the upper-deck surface of a submarine can be coated with roughness for crew safety when walking on the hull. The roughness factor for the nonskid coating on a full-scale submarine is very large, on the order of 400 under typical ship operation conditions. Boundary layer development, flow separation, cross-flow drag, hull surface pressure, and ship motion may be modified by the presence of this coating during turning maneuvers. Free-running model (FRM) submarines are routinely employed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center to characterize submarine maneuvering behavior, and the application of an appropriately sized nonskid coating to the model is required for fidelity of model maneuvering experiments. Three methods to scale the coating have been investigated, and conventional geometric scaling and wall shear velocity scaling methods were found to be inadequate. A new scaling method termed the momentum boundary layer thickness (MBLT) method has been developed. This method relates the cross-flow drag on the FRM with that on the full-scale vehicle. Boundary layer velocity profiles on an axisymmetric body at model and full-scale Reynolds numbers have been computed by a RANS code. Velocity profiles encountered by the full-scale nonskid coating are found to match well with those developed on the FRM with roughness sized using the MBLT method. The scaled roughness size compares favorably with two empirically determined roughness sizes that have been previously used on FRMs that have shown good correlation with full-scale maneuvering data. C1 [Shen, Young T.; Hess, David E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shen, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 5700,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research Turbulence & Stratified Wakes Program. The program officer is Dr. Ronald D. Joslin, Code 331. Special thanks are due to Mr. Sam Cubbage for full-scale nonskid coating measurements and valuable technical discussions and to Dr C. I. Yang for RANS calculations. Valuable technical comments and suggestions by Mssrs. Thomas Moran and Kurt Junghans are greatly appreciated. We would like to express our special thanks to Dr. Edward Ammeen for his continuous encouragement, guidance, discussions, and support. We would also like to thank Dr. John Barkyoumb for his support from within the ILIR program. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 55 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 722XQ UT WOS:000287469000005 ER PT J AU Garrett, RK Anderson, S Baron, NT Moreland, JD AF Garrett, Robert K., Jr. Anderson, Steve Baron, Neil T. Moreland, James D., Jr. TI Managing the Interstitials, a System of Systems Framework Suited for the Ballistic Missile Defense System SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE System of Systems; complexity; Ballistic Missile Defense; architecture; modeling and simulation ID TECHNOLOGY AB Recent engineering experiences with the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) highlight the need to analyze the BMDS System of Systems (SoS) including the numerous potential interactions between independently developed elements of the system. The term "interstitials" is used to define the domain of interfaces, interoperability, and integration between constituent systems in an SoS. The authors feel that this domain, at an SoS level, has received insufficient attention within systems engineering literature. The BMDS represents a challenging SoS case study as many of its initial elements were assembled from existing programs of record. The elements tend to perform as designed but their performance measures may not be consistent with the higher level SoS requirements. One of the BMDS challenges is interoperability, to focus the independent elements to interact in a number of ways, either subtle or overt, for a predictable and sustainable national capability. New capabilities desired by national leadership may involve modifications to kill chains, Command and Control (C2) constructs, improved coordination, and performance. These capabilities must be realized through modifications to programs of record and integration across elements of the system that have their own independent programmatic momentum. A challenge of SoS Engineering is to objectively evaluate competing solutions and assess the technical viability of tradeoff options. This paper will present a multifaceted technical approach for integrating a complex, adaptive SoS to achieve a functional capability. Architectural frameworks will be explored, a mathematical technique utilizing graph theory will be introduced, adjuncts to more traditional modeling and simulation techniques such as agent based modeling will be explored, and, finally, newly developed technical and managerial metrics to describe design maturity will be introduced. A theater BMDS construct will be used as a representative set of elements together with the interstitials representing the integration domain. Increased attention to the interstitial space of the overarching BMDS SoS construct and applying appropriate technical rigor and engineering due diligence with these added tools should greatly assist the BMDS in realizing its potential. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 87-109, 2011 C1 [Garrett, Robert K., Jr.; Anderson, Steve; Baron, Neil T.; Moreland, James D., Jr.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div NSWCDD, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Garrett, RK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div NSWCDD, 6138 Norc Ave,Bldg 221,Suite 314, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM DLGR_NSWC_G25@navy.mil; DLGR_NSWC_K@Navy.mil; DLGR_NSWC_W@navy.mil; DLGR_NSWC_W@Navy.mil NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-1241 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 87 EP 109 DI 10.1002/sys.20173 PG 23 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 712EP UT WOS:000286647800006 ER PT J AU Lindley, B Wang, Q Zhang, TY AF Lindley, Brandon Wang, Qi Zhang, Tianyu TI A MULTICOMPONENT MODEL FOR BIOFILM-DRUG INTERACTION SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B LA English DT Article DE Biofilms; Multicomponent fluids; Phase-field model; Steady states; Linearized Stability; Nonlinear Dynamics ID MIXED-CULTURE BIOFILM; PHASE-FIELD MODELS; NONUNIFORM SYSTEM; FREE ENERGY; SIMULATIONS; STRESS; GROWTH; FLOW AB We develop a tri-component model for the biofilm and solvent mixture, in which the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) network, bacteria and effective solvent consisting of the solvent, nutrient, drugs etc. are modeled explicitly. The tri-component mixture is assumed incompressible as a whole while inter-component mixing, dissipation, and conversion are allowed. A linear stability analysis is conducted on constant equilibria revealing up to two unstable modes corresponding to possible bacterial growth induced by the bacterial and EPS production and dependent upon the regime of the model parameters. A 1-D transient simulation is carried out to investigate the non-linear dynamics of the EPS network, bacteria distribution, drug and nutrient distribution in a channel with and without shear. Finally, the transient biofilm dynamics are studied with respect to a host of diffusive properties of the drug and nutrient present in the biofilm. C1 [Lindley, Brandon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Qi] Univ S Carolina, Dept Math, Interdisciplinary Math Inst, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Wang, Qi] Univ S Carolina, NanoCtr USC, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Zhang, Tianyu] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lindley, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blindley@nlsleah.nrl.navy.mil; qwang@math.sc.edu; zhang@math.montana.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1531-3492 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-B JI Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.-Ser. B PD MAR PY 2011 VL 15 IS 2 BP 417 EP 456 DI 10.3934/dcdsb.2011.15.417 PG 40 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 701CE UT WOS:000285791100008 ER PT J AU Crainiceanu, A Linga, P Machanavajjhala, A Gehrke, J Shanmugasundaram, J AF Crainiceanu, Adina Linga, Prakash Machanavajjhala, Ashwin Gehrke, Johannes Shanmugasundaram, Jayavel TI Load Balancing and Range Queries in P2P Systems Using P-Ring SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Management; Performance; Peer-to-peer systems; range queries; load balancing; indexing AB In peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, computers from around the globe share data and can participate in distributed computation. P2P became famous, and infamous, due to file-sharing systems like Napster. However, the scalability and robustness of these systems make them appealing to a wide range of applications. This article introduces P-Ring, a new peer-to-peer index structure. P-Ring is fully distributed, fault tolerant, and provides load balancing and logarithmic search performance while supporting both equality and range queries. Our theoretical analysis as well as experimental results, obtained both in a simulated environment and on PlanetLab, show the performance of our system. C1 [Crainiceanu, Adina] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gehrke, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Crainiceanu, A (reprint author), USN Acad, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM adina@usna.edu; plinga@mokafive.com; mvnak@yahoo.inc.com; johannes@cs.cornell.edu; jayavel.shanmugasundaram@acm.org FU NSF [0133481]; AFOSR [F49620-02-1-0233, FA9550-10-1-0202]; Naval Academy Research Council; ONR [N0001406WR20137, N0001408WR40063]; Research Council of Norway; New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation [C050061] FX This material is based upon work supported by NSF Grant 0133481, by AFOSR under Grants F49620-02-1-0233 and FA9550-10-1-0202, by the Naval Academy Research Council and ONR under Grants N0001406WR20137 and N0001408WR40063, by the iAd Project funded by the Research Council of Norway, and by the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation under Agreement C050061. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1533-5399 J9 ACM T INTERNET TECHN JI ACM Trans. Internet. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 AR 16 DI 10.1145/1944339.1944343 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 741WA UT WOS:000288895000004 ER PT J AU Bruckman, MA Soto, CM McDowell, H Liu, JL Ratna, BR Korpany, KV Zahr, OK Blum, AS AF Bruckman, Michael A. Soto, Carissa M. McDowell, Heather Liu, Jinny L. Ratna, Banahalli R. Korpany, Katalin V. Zahr, Omar K. Blum, Amy Szuchmacher TI Role of Hexahistidine in Directed Nanoassemblies of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE tobacco mosaic virus; atomic force microscopy; self-assembly; transmission electron microscopy; His-tagged protein; Escherichia coli ID METAL CHELATE ADSORBENT; ANILINE POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOPARTICLES; PURIFICATION; ASSEMBLIES; TEMPLATES; BOTTOM AB A common challenge in nanotechnology is the fabrication of materials with well-defined nanoscale structure and properties. Here we report that a genetically engineered tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP), to which a hexahistidine (His) tag was incorporated, can self-assemble Into disks, hexagonally packed arrays of disks, stacked disks, helical rods, fibers, and elongated rafts. The insertion of a His tag to the C-terminus of TMV-CP was shown to significantly affect the self-assembly In comparison to the wild type, WT-TMV-CP. Furthermore, the His tag Interactions attributed to the alternative self assembly of His-TMV-CP can be controlled through ethanol and nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid, (Ni-NTA) additions as monitored with atomic force microscopy. C1 [Bruckman, Michael A.; Soto, Carissa M.; McDowell, Heather; Liu, Jinny L.; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Korpany, Katalin V.; Zahr, Omar K.; Blum, Amy Szuchmacher] McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Ratna, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ratna@nrl.navy.mil; amy.blum@mcgill.ca OI Zahr, Omar/0000-0002-5682-9155; Korpany, Katalin/0000-0002-9058-8500 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX We thank M. Francis for the expression plasmid pTMVP-WT and Q. Wang for wild-type native TMV. A. S. Blum gratefully acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. B. Ratna thanks the Office of Naval Research for financial support and M. Bruckman and H. McDowell for postdoctoral fellowships from the National Research Council. CM. Soto thanks M. Archer for technical assistance with AFM. We thank A. Adams and C. Spillmann for reviewing the manuscript. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1606 EP 1616 DI 10.1021/nn1025719 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 737LP UT WOS:000288570600008 PM 21361370 ER PT J AU Shenenberger, D Barlow, T AF Shenenberger, Donald Barlow, Thomas TI Ulcer on Lower Lip of Deployed Serviceman SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shenenberger, Donald] Navy Med E, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Barlow, Thomas] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shenenberger, D (reprint author), Navy Med E, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM Donald.shenenberger@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 BP 601 EP 602 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979ZG UT WOS:000306862800014 PM 21391527 ER PT J AU Forgoston, E Bianco, S Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB AF Forgoston, Eric Bianco, Simone Shaw, Leah B. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Maximal Sensitive Dependence and the Optimal Path to Epidemic Extinction SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stochastic dynamical systems and Lyapunov exponents; Optimal path to extinction ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; COMMUNITY SIZE; LARGE FLUCTUATIONS; UNITED-STATES; MEASLES; MODELS; STOCHASTICITY; PERSISTENCE; MANIFOLDS AB Extinction of an epidemic or a species is a rare event that occurs due to a large, rare stochastic fluctuation. Although the extinction process is dynamically unstable, it follows an optimal path that maximizes the probability of extinction. We show that the optimal path is also directly related to the finite-time Lyapunov exponents of the underlying dynamical system in that the optimal path displays maximum sensitivity to initial conditions. We consider several stochastic epidemic models, and examine the extinction process in a dynamical systems framework. Using the dynamics of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents as a constructive tool, we demonstrate that the dynamical systems viewpoint of extinction evolves naturally toward the optimal path. C1 [Forgoston, Eric; Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bianco, Simone; Shaw, Leah B.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Forgoston, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.forgoston.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; sbianco@wm.edu; lbshaw@wm.edu; ira.schwartz@nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 FU Office of Naval Research; Army Research Office; Jeffress Memorial Trust; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council; National Institute Of General Medical Sciences [R01GM090204] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research, the Army Research Office, the Jeffress Memorial Trust, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. E. F. is supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship. L. B. S is supported by Award Number R01GM090204 from the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. We also gratefully acknowledge M. Dykman for helpful discussions. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 495 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s11538-010-9537-0 PG 20 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 733HZ UT WOS:000288255100002 PM 20352495 ER PT J AU Choi, J MacArthur, AHR Brookhart, M Goldman, AS AF Choi, Jongwook MacArthur, Amy H. Roy Brookhart, Maurice Goldman, Alan S. TI Dehydrogenation and Related Reactions Catalyzed by Iridium Pincer Complexes SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID C-H BONDS; AMINE-BORANE ADDUCTS; METAL-CARBON BONDS; (PCP)IR-CATALYZED ACCEPTORLESS DEHYDROGENATION; THERMOCHEMICAL ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYAMINOBORANES; AMIDO HYDRIDE COMPLEX; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METAL; PCP-PINCER C1 [MacArthur, Amy H. Roy] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Choi, Jongwook; Goldman, Alan S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Brookhart, Maurice] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP MacArthur, AHR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM macarthu@usna.edu; mbrookhart@unc.edu; alan.goldman@rutgers.edu RI Goldman, Alan/D-9521-2011; OI Goldman, Alan/0000-0002-2774-710X FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0719307]; National Science Foundation Center for Enabling New Technologies through Catalysis (CENTC) FX We gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-0719307) for supporting J.C. and the National Science Foundation Center for Enabling New Technologies through Catalysis (CENTC) for funding aspects of the work discussed in this review and for supporting A.H.R.M. and (in part) A.S.G. and M.B. NR 180 TC 425 Z9 426 U1 13 U2 219 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 111 IS 3 SI SI BP 1761 EP 1779 DI 10.1021/cr1003503 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 740UT UT WOS:000288820600014 PM 21391566 ER PT J AU Greenlaw, R AF Greenlaw, Raymond TI Wellness, Social Networking, and Algorithms SO CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC 2010) CY NOV 17-19, 2010 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND DE algorithms; computational-complexity theory; dynamic matching; social networking; mobile wellness applications; wellness profile model ID MAXIMUM; GRAPHS AB This paper is one of the first written that ties together the areas of wellness, social networking, and computational-complexity theory Our goal is to integrate these three fields in order to develop a system in which we can help people improve their well being. There are over one billion obese people in the world and that number is growing alarmingly fast. We must find a way to motivate unhealthy people to take care of themselves, so as to put less strain on economies around the world, less strain on natural resources, less strain on the health-care system, less strain on nearby individuals, and, most importantly, to save lives and to reduce suffering. We have gone from hunters and gathers to sitters and twitterers. As our standard of living increases, so does our size. While eating high-caloric foods, many people watch TV or play with the Internet all day long. And one particular Internet application, social networking, is amazingly popular-nations around the world have a significant percentage of their populations engaged in social-networking sites such as Facebook, Flickr, Friendster, hi5, LinkedIn, MySpace, Orkut, Qzone, and so on. In this paper we leverage the popularity of social networking to improve people's wellness. We propose a WELLNESS PROFILE MODEL that captures a social-network members' characteristics, preferences, activities, vitals, and other relevant information. We formulate dynamic-matching problems whose focus is to find groups of individuals with similar interests and time constraints, so that they can participate in activities together thereby contributing to each other's well being. We examine the computational complexity of the problems from both the sequential and parallel perspectives. Our results tell us how hard these problems are to solve. That is, we determine the complexity of these problems. The problems defined here involve a new type of dynamic matching, as opposed to traditional matching as is done in many of the current Internet social-networking sites and traditional graph theory. We intend to implement restricted versions of some of the algorithms in the systems being developed by Elbrys Networks, Inc. C1 [Greenlaw, Raymond] USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Greenlaw, Raymond] Elbrys Networks Inc, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. RP Greenlaw, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd,Stop 9F US Naval Acad Annapolis, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM greenlaw@usna.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU CHIANG MAI UNIV PI CHIANG MAI PA FACULTY SCIENCE, CHIANG MAI, 50200, THAILAND SN 0125-2526 J9 CHIANG MAI J SCI JI Chiang Mai J. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 38 SI SI BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 773RG UT WOS:000291326100004 ER PT J AU Small, RJ Xie, SP Maloney, ED de Szoeke, SP Miyama, T AF Small, R. Justin Xie, Shang-Ping Maloney, Eric D. de Szoeke, Simon P. Miyama, Toru TI Intraseasonal variability in the far-east pacific: investigation of the role of air-sea coupling in a regional coupled model SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Intraseasonal variability; Madden-Julian oscillation; East Pacific; Climate; Tropical meteorology; Air-sea interaction; Coupled models; Regional models ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK; EQUATORIAL BETA-PLANE; PART I; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BOREAL SUMMER; WARM POOL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB Intraseasonal variability in the eastern Pacific warm pool in summer is studied, using a regional ocean-atmosphere model, a linear baroclinic model (LBM), and satellite observations. The atmospheric component of the model is forced by lateral boundary conditions from reanalysis data. The aim is to quantify the importance to atmospheric deep convection of local air-sea coupling. In particular, the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on surface heat fluxes is examined. Intraseasonal (20-90 day) east Pacific warm-pool zonal wind and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) variability in the regional coupled model are correlated at 0.8 and 0.6 with observations, respectively, significant at the 99% confidence level. The strength of the intraseasonal variability in the coupled model, as measured by the variance of outgoing longwave radiation, is close in magnitude to that observed, but with a maximum located about 10A degrees further west. East Pacific warm pool intraseasonal convection and winds agree in phase with those from observations, suggesting that remote forcing at the boundaries associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation determines the phase of intraseasonal convection in the east Pacific warm pool. When the ocean model component is replaced by weekly reanalysis SST in an atmosphere-only experiment, there is a slight improvement in the location of the highest OLR variance. Further sensitivity experiments with the regional atmosphere-only model in which intraseasonal SST variability is removed indicate that convective variability has only a weak dependence on the SST variability, but a stronger dependence on the climatological mean SST distribution. A scaling analysis confirms that wind speed anomalies give a much larger contribution to the intraseasonal evaporation signal than SST anomalies, in both model and observations. A LBM is used to show that local feedbacks would serve to amplify intraseasonal convection and the large-scale circulation. Further, Hovmoller diagrams reveal that whereas a significant dynamic intraseasonal signal enters the model domain from the west, the strong deep convection mostly arises within the domain. Taken together, the regional and linear model results suggest that in this region remote forcing and local convection-circulation feedbacks are both important to the intraseasonal variability, but ocean-atmosphere coupling has only a small effect. Possible mechanisms of remote forcing are discussed. C1 [Small, R. Justin] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Small, R. Justin; Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Maloney, Eric D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [de Szoeke, Simon P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miyama, Toru] Frontier Res Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Small, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM small.ctr.uk@nrlssc.navy.mil; tmiyama@jamstec.go.jp RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Miyama, Toru/A-3824-2009; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Miyama, Toru/0000-0002-6400-0312; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611 FU NASA [NAG-10045, 1216010]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through International Pacific Research Center; Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310257, NA05OAR4310006]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0832868, ATM-0828531] FX The constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers helped improve this paper. The majority of this work was done whilst R. J. S. and S. P. dS were at the International Pacific Research Center. S.-P. X. and R. J. S. were supported by NASA (grant NAG-10045 and JPL contract 1216010). S.-P. X., S. P. dS and R. J. S. were also supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through its sponsorship of the International Pacific Research Center, and Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology through the Kyosei-7 Project. S.-P. X. received additional support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant NA07OAR4310257. IPRC contribution number XXX and SOEST contribution number YYY. EDM was supported under Award# NA05OAR4310006 from NOAA, and by the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation under Grants ATM-0832868 and ATM-0828531. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 867 EP 890 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0786-2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729CB UT WOS:000287924400004 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Ahlbin, JR Narasimham, B Bhuva, BL Massengill, LW Schrimpf, RD AF Gadlage, Matthew J. Ahlbin, Jonathan R. Narasimham, Balaji Bhuva, Bharat L. Massengill, Lloyd W. Schrimpf, Ronald D. TI Single-Event Transient Measurements in nMOS and pMOS Transistors in a 65-nm Bulk CMOS Technology at Elevated Temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Pulsewidth; radiation environment; soft error rate (SER); single event; single-event transient (SET); soft error; temperature ID FULLY-DEPLETED SOI; PULSE-WIDTHS; DEPENDENCE; LOGIC AB In this paper, heavy-ion-induced single-event transient (SET) pulsewidths measured in a 65-nm bulk CMOS technology at temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 100 degrees C with an autonomous SET capture circuit are presented. The experimental results for the SETs induced in two different inverter chain circuits indicate an increase in the average SET pulsewidth as a function of the operating temperature. Unique SET test structures were also designed to differentiate between SETs induced in an nMOS transistor and those induced in a pMOS transistor. The SET widths induced in a pMOS transistor increase more with temperature than the SETs induced in an nMOS transistor. C1 [Gadlage, Matthew J.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Ahlbin, Jonathan R.; Narasimham, Balaji; Massengill, Lloyd W.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Narasimham, Balaji] Broadcom Corp, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM matthew.gadlage@navy.mil; jon.ahlbin@vanderbilt.edu; balajin@broadcom.com RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-C-0038]; NAVSEA Crane; Cisco Systems FX This work was supported in part by NAVSEA Crane through their Ph.D. program, by Cisco Systems, and by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-09-C-0038. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2102354 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 735XT UT WOS:000288454700026 ER PT J AU Laguna-Torres, VA Sanchez-Largaespada, JF Lorenzana, I Forshey, B Aguilar, P Jimenez, M Parrales, E Rodriguez, F Garcia, J Jimenez, I Rivera, M Perez, J Sovero, M Rios, J Gamero, ME Halsey, ES Kochel, TJ AF Laguna-Torres, Victor A. Sanchez-Largaespada, Jose F. Lorenzana, Ivette Forshey, Brett Aguilar, Patricia Jimenez, Mirna Parrales, Eduardo Rodriguez, Francisco Garcia, Josefina Jimenez, Ileana Rivera, Maribel Perez, Juan Sovero, Merly Rios, Jane Gamero, Maria E. Halsey, Eric S. Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Influenza and other respiratory viruses in three Central American countries SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus; Central America; enterovirus; influenza; respiratory viruses; surveillance ID PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS; SOUTH-AMERICA; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; MEXICO AB Background Despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in Central America, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease. Aims To analyze viral etiologic agents associated with influenza-like illness (ILI) in participants reporting to one outpatient health center, one pediatric hospital, and three general hospitals in El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua Material & Methods Between August 2006 and April 2009, pharyngeal swabs were collected from outpatients and inpatients. Patient specimens were inoculated onto cultured cell monolayers, and viral antigens were detected by indirect and direct immunofluorescence staining. Results A total of 1,756 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,195 (68.3%) were under the age of 5; and 183 (10.4%) required hospitalization. One or more viral agents were identified in 434 (24.7%) cases, of which 17 (3.9%) were dual infections. The most common viruses isolated were influenza A virus (130; 7.4% of cases), respiratory syncytial virus (122; 6.9%), adenoviruses (63; 3.6%), parainfluenza viruses (57; 3.2%), influenza B virus (47; 2.7% of cases), and herpes simplex virus 1 (22; 1.3%). In addition, human metapneumovirus and enteroviruses (coxsackie and echovirus) were isolated from patient specimens. Discussion When compared to the rest of the population, viruses were isolated from a significantly higher percentage of patients age 5 or younger. The prevalence of influenza A virus or influenza B virus infections was similar between the younger and older age groups. RSV was the most commonly detected pathogen in infants age 5 and younger and was significantly associated with pneumonia (p < 0.0001) and hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Genetic analysis of influenza isolates identified A (H3N2), A (H1N1), and B viruses. It also showed that the mutation H274Y conferring resistance to oseltamivir was first detected in Honduran influenza A/H1N1 strains at the beginning of 2008. These data demonstrate that a diverse range of respiratory pathogens are associated with ILI in Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. RSV infection in particular appears to be associated with severe disease in infants in the region. C1 [Laguna-Torres, Victor A.; Forshey, Brett; Aguilar, Patricia; Garcia, Josefina; Perez, Juan; Sovero, Merly; Rios, Jane; Gamero, Maria E.; Halsey, Eric S.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Sanchez-Largaespada, Jose F.; Jimenez, Ileana] Hosp Infantil Manuel Jesus Rivera La Mascota, Managua Minist Salud Nicaragua, Mascota, Mexico. [Lorenzana, Ivette] Univ Nacl Utonoma Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Jimenez, Mirna] Hosp Santa Ana, Metapan Minist Salud El Salvador, Santa Ana, El Salvador. [Rivera, Maribel] Inst Hondureno Seguridad Social, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Laguna-Torres, VA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, 3230 Lima Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM alberto.laguna@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU United States Department of Defense [847705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program, WORK UNIT NUMBER: 847705.82000.25GB.B0016. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00182.x PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 719HV UT WOS:000287196200009 PM 21306576 ER PT J AU Voas, J Hurlburt, GF Miller, KW Laplante, PA Michael, B AF Voas, Jeffrey Hurlburt, George F. Miller, Keith W. Laplante, Phillip A. Michael, Bret TI Thoughts on Higher Education and Scientific Research SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Voas, Jeffrey] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol NIST, Princeton, NJ USA. [Miller, Keith W.] Univ Illinois, Springfield, IL USA. [Laplante, Phillip A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Michael, Bret] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Voas, J (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol NIST, Princeton, NJ USA. EM j.voas@ieee.org; ghurlburt@change-index.com; miller.keith@uis.edu; plaplante@psu.edu; bmichael@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 946CB UT WOS:000304325500002 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Walden, VP Eloranta, E Uttal, T Campbell, JR Starkweather, SM Shiobara, M AF Shupe, Matthew D. Walden, Von P. Eloranta, Edwin Uttal, Taneil Campbell, James R. Starkweather, Sandra M. Shiobara, Masataka TI Clouds at Arctic Atmospheric Observatories. Part I: Occurrence and Macrophysical Properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION PROPERTIES; REMOTE SENSORS; STRATUS CLOUDS; LIDAR; SURFACE; SHEBA; RADAR; MICROPHYSICS; RETRIEVALS; ALGORITHM AB Cloud observations over the past decade from six Arctic atmospheric observatories are investigated to derive estimates of cloud occurrence fraction, vertical distribution, persistence in time, diurnal cycle, and boundary statistics. Each observatory has some combination of cloud lidar, radar, ceilometer, and/or interferometer for identifying and characterizing clouds. By optimally combining measurements from these instruments, it is found that annual cloud occurrence fractions are 58%-83% at the Arctic observatories. There is a clear annual cycle wherein clouds are least frequent in the winter and most frequent in the late summer and autumn. Only in Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, is the annual cycle shifted such that the annual minimum is in the spring with the maximum in the winter. Intersite monthly variability is typically within 10%-15% of the all-site average. Interannual variability at specific sites is less than 13% for any given month and, typically, is less than 3% for annual total cloud fractions. Low-level clouds are most persistent at the observatories. The median cloud persistence for all observatories is 3-5 h; however, 5% of cloud systems at far western Arctic sites are observed to occur for longer than 100 consecutive hours. Weak diurnal variability in cloudiness is observed at some sites, with a daily minimum in cloud occurrence near solar noon for those seasons for which the sun is above the horizon for at least part of the day. C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.; Uttal, Taneil] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Walden, Von P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Eloranta, Edwin] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Campbell, James R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Starkweather, Sandra M.] Polar Field Serv Inc, Littleton, CO USA. [Shiobara, Masataka] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R-PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.shupe@colorado.edu RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU National Science Foundation Arctic Observing Network [ARC 0632187, 0632177, 0612452]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63965] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Arctic Observing Network Project (ARC 0632187, 0632177, and 0612452) and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER63965). Observational data used in this study were provided by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), the Canadian Network for the Detection of Arctic Change (CANDAC), the University of Idaho, the University of Colorado, and the micropulse lidar network (MPLnet). We thank Karen Johnson, Connor Flynn, and David Turner for providing data streams for Barrow. NR 43 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 626 EP 644 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2467.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PK UT WOS:000289560300011 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, Paul A. TI A Note on the Ocean Surface Roughness Spectrum SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEAN-SQUARE SLOPE; RESONANT WAVE INTERACTIONS; SEA-SURFACE; GRAVITY-WAVES; RADAR; BACKSCATTER; COMPONENTS; BREAKING AB In a recent study, the dimensionless surface roughness spectrum has been empirically parameterized as a power-law function of the dimensionless wind speed expressed as the ratio of wind friction velocity and phase speed of the surface roughness wave component. The wave-number-dependent proportionality coefficient, A. and exponent, a, of the power-law function are derived from field measurements of the short-wave spectrum. To extend the roughness spectrum model beyond the wavenumber range of field data, analytical functions are formulated such that A and a approach their asymptotic limits: A(0) and a(0) toward the lowest wavenumber, and A(infinity), and a(infinity) toward the highest wavenumber. Of the four asymptotic values, A(infinity) is considered most questionable for the lack of reference information. When applied to the normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) computation, the results are in good agreement (within about 2 dB) with field data or geophysical model functions (GMFs) for incidence angles between 20 degrees and 40 degrees but significant underestimation occurs for higher incidence angles. The comparison study of NRCS computation offers helpful guidelines for adjusting the asymptotic factors, especially the numerical value of A(infinity). Improved agreement between the computed NRCS (vertical polarization) using the new roughness spectrum with GMF is expanded to incidence angles between 20 degrees and 60 degrees. The wind speed range of good agreement between calculation and GMF is below about 15 m s(-1) for Ku band and about 30 m s(-1) for C band. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (NRL) [61153N] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL program element 61153N). I am very grateful for the insightful comments and suggestions from the two anonymous reviewers. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 436 EP 443 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHO812.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743VD UT WOS:000289045900012 ER PT J AU Bandy, A Faloona, IC Blomquist, BW Huebert, BJ Clarke, AD Howell, SG Mauldin, RL Cantrell, CA Hudson, JG Heikes, BG Merrill, JT Wang, YH O'Sullivan, DW Nadler, W Davis, DD AF Bandy, Alan Faloona, Ian C. Blomquist, Byron W. Huebert, Barry J. Clarke, Antony D. Howell, Steven G. Mauldin, R. L. Cantrell, Christopher A. Hudson, James G. Heikes, Brian G. Merrill, John T. Wang, Yuhang O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Nadler, Wolfgang Davis, Douglas D. TI Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE): dynamics and chemistry of the south Pacific tropical trade wind regime SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chemistry; Dynamics; Tropical; Trade wind; Aerosol; CCN; CN; SO2; DMS; H2SO4; MSA; H2O2; CH3OOH; Pacific; SO42- ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; DMS; NUCLEATION; OXIDATION; SO2 AB The Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE) was a comprehensive airborne study of the chemistry and dynamics of the tropical trade wind regime (TWR) east of the island of Kiritibati (Christmas Island, 157A(0), 20' W, 2A(0) 52' N). Christmas Island is located due south of Hawaii. Geographically it is in the northern hemisphere yet it is 6-12A(0) south of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) which places it in the southern hemisphere meteorologically. Christmas Island trade winds in August and September are from east south east at 3-15 ms(-1). Clouds, if present, are fair weather cumulus located in the middle layer of the TWR which is frequently labeled the buffer layer (BuL). PASE provided clear support for the idea that small particles (80 nm) were subsiding into the tropical trade wind regime (TWR) where sulfur chemistry transformed them to larger particles. Sulfur chemistry promoted the growth of some of these particles until they were large enough to activate to cloud drops. This process, promoted by sulfur chemistry, can produce a cooling effect due to the increase in cloud droplet density and changes in cloud droplet size. These increases in particle size observed in PASE promote additional cooling due to direct scattering from the aerosol. These potential impacts on the radiation balance in the TWR are enhanced by the high solar irradiance and ocean albedo of the TWR. Finally because of the large area involved there is a large factional impact on earth's radiation budget. The TWR region near Christmas Island appears to be similar to the TWR that persists in August and September, from southwest of the Galapagos to at least Christmas Island. Transport in the TWR between the Galapagos and Christmas involves very little precipitation which could have removed the aerosol thus explaining at least in part the high concentrations of CCN (a parts per thousand 300 at 0.5% supersaturation) observed in PASE. As expected the chemistry of sulfur in the trade winds was found to be initiated by the emission of DMS into the convective boundary layer (BL, the lowest of three layers). However, the efficiency with which this DMS is converted to SO2 has been brought into further question by this study. This unusual result has come about as result of our using two totally different approaches for addressing this long standing question. In the first approach, based on accepted kinetic rate constants and detailed steps for the oxidation of DMS reflecting detailed laboratory studies, a DMS to SO2 conversion efficiency of 60-73% was determined. This range of values lies well within the uncertainties of previous studies. However, using a completely different approach, involving a budget analysis, a conversion value of 100% was estimated. The latter value, to be consistent with all other sulfur studies, requires the existence of a completely independent sulfur source which would emit into the atmosphere at a source strength approximately half that measured for DMS under tropical Pacific conditions. At this time, however, there is no credible scientific observation that identifies what this source might be. Thus, the current study has opened for future scientific investigation the major question: is there yet another major tropical marine source of sulfur? Of equal importance, then, is the related question, is our global sulfur budget significantly in error due to the existence of an unknown marine source of sulfur? Pivotal to both questions may be gaining greater insight about the intermediate DMSoxidation species, DMSO, for which rather unusual measurements have been reported in previous marine sulfur studies. The 3 pptv bromine deficit observed in PASE must be lost over the lifetime of the aerosol which is a few days. This observation suggests that the primary BrO production rate is very small. However, considering the uncertainties in these observations and the possible importance of secondary production of bromine radicals through aerosol surface reactions, to completely rule out the importance of bromine chemistry under tropical conditions at this time cannot be justified. This point has been brought into focus from prior work that even at levels of 1 pptv, the effect of BrO oxidation on DMS can still be quite significant. Thus, as in the case of DMS conversion to SO2, future studies will be needed. In the latter case there will need to be a specific focus on halogen chemistry. Such studies clearly must involve specific measurements of radical species such as BrO. C1 [Faloona, Ian C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bandy, Alan; Nadler, Wolfgang] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Blomquist, Byron W.; Huebert, Barry J.; Clarke, Antony D.; Howell, Steven G.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mauldin, R. L.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Cantrell, Christopher A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hudson, James G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Heikes, Brian G.; Merrill, John T.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Wang, Yuhang; Davis, Douglas D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [O'Sullivan, Daniel W.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Faloona, IC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM icfaloona@ucdavis.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10874-012-9215-8 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908IV UT WOS:000301485000002 ER PT J AU Iliopoulos, AP Michopoulos, JG Lambrakos, SG Bernstein, N AF Iliopoulos, A. P. Michopoulos, J. G. Lambrakos, S. G. Bernstein, N. TI Performance of inverse atomistic scale fracture modeling on GPGPU architectures SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Inverse analysis; Molecular dynamics; General purpose graphical unit processor; Multiscale modeling; Performance analysis AB The present work has been motivated by the continuous growth of General Purpose Graphic Processor Unit (GPGPU) technologies as well as the necessity of linking usability with multiscale materials processing and design. The inverse problem of determining the phenomenological interparticle Lenard-Jones potential governing the fracture dynamics of a two dimensional structure under tension, is used to examine the feasibility and efficiency of utilizing GPGPU architectures. The implementation of this inverse problem under a molecular dynamics framework provides verification of this methodology. The main contribution of this paper is a performance evaluation driven sensitivity analysis that is contacted on GPGPU-enabled hardware in order to examine efficiency relative to various combinations of GPGPU and Central Processing Unit (CPU) cores as a function of problem size. In particular, speedup factors are determined relative to various number of core combinations of a quad core processor. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Iliopoulos, A. P.] Naval Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Michopoulos, J. G.; Lambrakos, S. G.; Bernstein, N.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU NRL; Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge the support of this work by NRL's core funding and the Office of Naval Research. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7503 J9 J COMPUT SCI-NETH JI J. Comput. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jocs.2010.12.005 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V30HW UT WOS:000208808100005 ER PT J AU Demchak, CC AF Demchak, Chris C. TI 'So, What Surprised You?' Essay on the Seminal Contributions and Mentorship of Todd R. LaPorte SO JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Strateg Res Dept, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Demchak, CC (reprint author), USN, Strateg Res Dept, War Coll, Code 30,686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM chris.demchak@usnwc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0966-0879 J9 J CONTING CRISIS MAN JI J. Cont. Crisis Manag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 19 IS 1 SI SI BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2010.00625.x PG 2 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA V27UE UT WOS:000208637300007 ER PT J AU McCarthy, T AF McCarthy, Tom TI Ox Cart to Automobile: Social Change in Western New York SO JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [McCarthy, Tom] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCarthy, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0022-1953 J9 J INTERDISCIPL HIST JI J. Interdiscip. Hist. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 4 BP 659 EP 660 DI 10.1162/JINH_r_00186 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 727UX UT WOS:000287829400032 ER PT J AU Quartararo, AT AF Quartararo, Anne T. TI Administration of favors: The State, the Deaf and the Blind (1789-1885) SO JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Quartararo, Anne T.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Quartararo, AT (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-2801 J9 J MOD HIST JI J. Mod. Hist. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 83 IS 1 BP 183 EP 184 DI 10.1086/658022 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 794XS UT WOS:000292935200029 ER PT J AU Radko, T Stern, ME AF Radko, Timour Stern, Melvin E. TI Finescale Instabilities of the Double-Diffusive Shear Flow SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STRATIFIED TURBULENT FLUID; SALT FINGER CONVECTION; THERMOHALINE CONVECTION; COLLECTIVE INSTABILITY; OCEAN MICROSTRUCTURE; 3 DIMENSIONS; STABILITY; LAYERS; THERMOCLINE; BREAKING AB This study examines dynamics of finescale instabilities in thermohaline-shear flows. It is shown that the presence of the background diapycnal temperature and salinity fluxes due to double diffusion has a destabilizing effect on the basic current. Using linear stability analysis based on the Floquet theory for the sinusoidal basic velocity profile, the authors demonstrate that the well-known Richardson number criterion (Ri < 1/4) cannot be directly applied to doubly diffusive fluids. Rigorous instabilities are predicted to occur for Richardson numbers as high as-or even exceeding-unity. The inferences from the linear theory are supported by the fully nonlinear numerical simulations. Since the Richardson number in the main thermocline rarely drops below 1/4, whereas the observations of turbulent patches are common, the authors hypothesize that some turbulent mixing events can be attributed to the finescale instabilities associated with double-diffusive processes. C1 [Radko, Timour; Stern, Melvin E.] USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0547650, AST 0806431, CBET 0933057, ANT 0944536] FX The paper benefitted from comments by Eric Kunze, William Shaw, Tim Stanton and reviewers. Support of the National Science Foundation (Grants OCE 0547650, AST 0806431, CBET 0933057, and ANT 0944536) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 571 EP 585 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4459.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 747MX UT WOS:000289325200012 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, Thomas TI A Revolution in Taste: The Rise of French Cuisine SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Brennan, Thomas] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEORGE MASON UNIV PI FAIRFAX PA DEPT HISTORY & ART HISTORY, CENTER HISTORY & NEW MEDIA, 4400 UNIVERSITY DR, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3 BP 983 EP 984 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 740EX UT WOS:000288775500039 ER PT J AU McCarthy, T AF McCarthy, Tom TI The Model T: A Centennial History SO MICHIGAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [McCarthy, Tom] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCarthy, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIV CLARKE HISTORICAL LIBRARY PI MT PLEASANT PA MT PLEASANT, MI 48859 USA SN 0360-1846 J9 MICH HIST REV JI Mich. Hist. Rev. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 145 EP 146 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 779FW UT WOS:000291764500009 ER PT J AU Aberson, SD Majumdar, SJ Reynolds, CA Etherton, BJ AF Aberson, Sim D. Majumdar, Sharanya J. Reynolds, Carolyn A. Etherton, Brian J. TI An Observing System Experiment for Tropical Cyclone Targeting Techniques Using the Global Forecast System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; ENSEMBLE TRANSFORM; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; GUIDANCE; MODEL; PERTURBATIONS; DOTSTAR; IMPACT AB In 1997, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Hurricane Center and the Hurricane Research Division began operational synoptic surveillance missions with the Gulfstream IV-SP jet aircraft to improve the numerical guidance for hurricanes that threaten the continental United States, Puerto Rico. the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Hawaii. The dropwindsonde observations from these missions were processed and formatted aboard the aircraft and sent to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Global Telecommunications System to be ingested into the Global Forecasting System. which serves as initial and boundary conditions for regional numerical models that also forecast tropical cyclone track and intensity. As a result of limited aircraft resources, optimal observing strategies for these missions are investigated. An Observing System Experiment in which different configurations of the dropwindsonde data based on three targeting techniques (ensemble variance, ensemble transform Kalman filter, and total energy singular vectors) are assimilated into the model system was conducted. All three techniques show some promise in obtaining maximal forecast improvements while limiting flight time and expendables. The data taken within and around the regions specified by the total energy singular vectors provide the largest forecast improvements, though the sample size is too small to make any operational recommendations. Case studies show that the impact of dropwindsonde data obtained either outside of fully sampled, or within nonfully sampled target regions is generally, though not always, small; this suggests that the techniques are able to discern in which regions extra observations will impact the particular forecast. C1 [Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Reynolds, Carolyn A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Etherton, Brian J.] Univ N Carolina, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sim.aberson@noaa.gov RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095; Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU ONR [PE-0601153N]; Joint Hurricane Testbed FX The first author thanks NCEP/EMC for help in running the models and in providing the computer resources to make this study possible. Bob Kohler and Bill Barry provided computer support at HRD. Altug Aksoy, Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan, Mike Jankulak, Tomislava Vukicevic, and an anonymous reviewer improved previous versions of this manuscript. The authors thank the NOAA/Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) flight crews, AOC G-IV project manager Jack Parrish, and HRD personnel who participated in the flights, in addition to Air Force C-130 crews that also provided surveillance data over the years. CAR gratefully acknowledges the support from the sponsor, ONR PE-0601153N, and computer resources provided by the Department of Defense High-performance Computing program. The Joint Hurricane Testbed funded SJM and BJE for some of this work. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3397.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600012 ER PT J AU Halliwell, GR Shay, LK Brewster, JK Teague, WJ AF Halliwell, G. R., Jr. Shay, L. K. Brewster, J. K. Teague, W. J. TI Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of an Ocean Model Response to Hurricane Ivan SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; CLOSURE-MODEL; PART I; HEAT AB An ocean model response to Hurricane Ivan (2004) over the northwest Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is evaluated to guide strategies for improving performance during strong forcing events in a region with energetic ocean features with the ultimate goal of improving coupled tropical cyclone forecasts. Based on prior experience, a control experiment is performed using quasi-optimal choices of initial ocean fields, atmospheric forcing fields, air-sea flux parameterizations, vertical mixing parameterizations, and both horizontal and vertical resolutions. Alternate experiments are conducted by altering one single model attribute and comparing the results to SST analyses and moored ADCP current measurements to quantify the sensitivity to that attribute and identify where to concentrate model improvement efforts. Atmospheric forcing that does not resolve the eye and eyewall of the storm (scales > 10 km) substantially degrades the ocean response. Ordering other model attributes from greatest to least sensitivity, ocean model initialization with regard to the accuracy of upper-ocean temperature-salinity profiles along with accurate location of ocean currents and eddies is the most important factor for ensuring good ocean model performance. Ocean dynamics ranks second in this energetic ocean region because a one-dimensional ocean model fails to capture important physical processes that affect SST cooling. Wind stress drag coefficient parameterizations that yield values exceeding 2.5 X 10(-3) at high wind speeds or that remain < 2.0 x 10(-3) over all wind speeds reduce the realism of wind-driven current profiles and have a large impact on both SST cooling and the heat flux from ocean to atmosphere. Turbulent heat flux drag coefficient parameterizations substantially impact the surface heat flux while having little impact on SST cooling, which is primarily controlled by entrainment at the mixed layer base. Vertical mixing parameterizations have a moderate impact on SST cooling but a comparatively larger impact on surface heat flux. The impacts of altering the horizontal and vertical resolutions are small, with horizontal resolution of approximate to 10 km and vertical resolution of approximate to 10 m in the mixed layer being adequate. Optimal choices of all attributes for simulating the ocean response to Ivan are identified. C1 [Halliwell, G. R., Jr.; Shay, L. K.; Brewster, J. K.] Univ Miami, MPO RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Teague, W. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Halliwell, GR (reprint author), NOAA AOML PhOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM george.halliwell@noaa.gov RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226]; National Science Foundation [ATM0444525]; Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX This work was sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA17RJ1226) and the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM0444525). The daily Reynolds blended SST maps were obtained online (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/sst/description.php). The Office of Naval Research supported the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research project "Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics" (SEED) under Program Element 0601153N. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 921 EP 945 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3104.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744UQ UT WOS:000289120600014 ER PT J AU Hite, JK Twigg, ME Tedesco, JL Friedman, AL Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Hite, Jennifer K. Twigg, Mark E. Tedesco, Joseph L. Friedman, Adam L. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt TI Epitaxial Graphene Nucleation on C-Face Silicon Carbide SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; nucleation; dislocation; electron channeling contrast imaging AB The initial stages of epitaxial graphene growth were studied by characterization of graphene formed in localized areas on C-face 6H-SiC substrates. The graphene areas were determined to lie below the level of the surrounding substrate and showed different morphologies based on size. Employing electron channeling contrast imaging, the presence of threading screw dislocations was indicated near the centers of each of these areas. After the graphene was removed, these dislocations were revealed to lie within the SiC substrate. These observations suggest that screw dislocations act as preferred nucleation sites for graphene growth on C-face SiC. C1 [Hite, Jennifer K.; Twigg, Mark E.; Tedesco, Joseph L.; Friedman, Adam L.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hite, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jennifer.hite@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; American Society for Engineering Education Naval Research Laboratory FX Work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. J.K.H., J.L.T., and A.L.F. acknowledge the support of the American Society for Engineering Education Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1190 EP 1194 DI 10.1021/nl104072y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 730UY UT WOS:000288061500048 PM 21322598 ER PT J AU Kim, D Carter, SG Greilich, A Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Kim, Danny Carter, Samuel G. Greilich, Alex Bracker, Allan S. Gammon, Daniel TI Ultrafast optical control of entanglement between two quantum-dot spins SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED ELECTRON SPINS; STATE; SEMICONDUCTOR; MANIPULATION AB The interaction between two quantum bits enables the creation of entanglement, the two-particle correlations that are at the heart of quantum information science. In semiconductor quantum dots, much work has focused on demonstrating control over single spin qubits using optical techniques. However, optical control of two spin qubits remains a major challenge for scaling to a fully fledged quantum-information platform. Here, we combine advances in vertically stacked quantum dots with ultrafast laser techniques to achieve optical control of the entangled state of two electron spins. Each electron is in a separate InAs quantum dot, and the spins interact through tunnelling, where the tunnelling rate determines how rapidly entangling operations can be carried out. We achieve two-qubit gates with an interaction rate of 30 GHz, more than an order of magnitude faster than demonstrated in any other system so far. These results demonstrate the viability and advantages of optically controlled quantum-dot spins for multi-qubit systems. C1 [Kim, Danny; Carter, Samuel G.; Greilich, Alex; Bracker, Allan S.; Gammon, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gammon@nrl.navy.mil RI Kim, Danny/A-7066-2009; Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012; Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009 OI Kim, Danny/0000-0001-7396-3826; FU NSA/ARO; ARO MURI; DARPA; ONR FX This work was supported by NSA/ARO, ARO MURI, DARPA and ONR. NR 50 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1863 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 728AC UT WOS:000287844300021 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, M Bernhardt, PA Clark, SE AF Rosenberg, M. Bernhardt, P. A. Clark, S. E. TI Excitation of ion waves by charged dust beams in ionospheric aerosol release experiments SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dusty plasma; Instability; Aerosol release experiments ID ATMOSPHERIC MODIFICATION EXPERIMENT; LOWER-HYBRID INSTABILITY; SPACE-SHUTTLE EXHAUST; ROCKET EXHAUST; PLASMA; BACKSCATTER; GENERATION; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; ARECIBO AB Ion waves excited by charged dust beams streaming across or along the geomagnetic field in the ionosphere may be generated by plasma instabilities during aerosol release experiments. The injection speed of the dust and gas is comparable to or larger than the ion thermal speed in the background plasma. The dust grains can get charged by plasma collection from the ambient ionosphere, and can thus act as a charged beam that excites instabilities in the background plasma. The theory is applied to relatively early time scales of the order of similar to 0.1-1 s in the dust-gas cloud expansion, with wave frequencies that are larger than the ion gyrofrequency, and collisions with neutrals are included. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosenberg, M.; Clark, S. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rosenberg, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rosenber@ecepops.ucsd.edu FU NSF [PHY-0903808, ATM-0907941]; NASA [NNX10AR54G]; Office of Naval Research FX The research at UCSD was supported by NSF Grants PHY-0903808 and ATM-0907941 and NASA Grant NNX10AR54G. The research at the Naval Research Laboratory was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2010.11.013 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727VM UT WOS:000287831000002 ER PT J AU Wasylyshyn, C Verhaeghen, P Sliwinski, MJ AF Wasylyshyn, Christina Verhaeghen, Paul Sliwinski, Martin J. TI Aging and Task Switching: A Meta-Analysis SO PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING LA English DT Article DE task switching; aging; meta-analysis; executive control ID ADULT AGE-DIFFERENCES; EXECUTIVE CONTROL; OLDER-ADULTS; LIFE-SPAN; FIGURAL TRANSFORMATIONS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; COGNITIVE CONTROL; WORKING-MEMORY; MENTAL SETS; PERFORMANCE AB A meta-analysis of 26 published articles (with 36 independent participant groups) was conducted to analyze the relationship between task-switching effects and aging. Latency served as the dependent measure. Multilevel modeling was used to test for additive and multiplicative complexity effects in local and global switch costs. Global task switching was found to add 1 or more stages to processing and resulted in a marked age deficit. Local task-switching costs, on the other hand, showed a multiplicative complexity effect but no specific attention-related age deficits. Cueing or switch predictability did not affect age differences. C1 [Wasylyshyn, Christina] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Verhaeghen, Paul] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sliwinski, Martin J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wasylyshyn, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5512,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christina.wasylyshyn@nrl.navy.mil FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-16201, AG-26728, R01 AG016201, R01 AG026728, R56 AG016201] NR 56 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0882-7974 J9 PSYCHOL AGING JI Psychol. Aging PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1037/a0020912 PG 6 WC Gerontology; Psychology, Developmental SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA 737TJ UT WOS:000288590800002 PM 21261411 ER PT J AU Lutgendorf, MA Johnson, AM Terpstra, EA Snider, TC McKelvey, SA Magann, EF AF Lutgendorf, Monica A. Johnson, Alan M. Terpstra, Eric A. Snider, Tracie C. McKelvey, Samantha A. Magann, Everett F. TI Extra Amniotic Balloon for Pre-Induction Cervical Ripening: A Randomized Comparison of Weighted Traction vs. Non-Weighted SO REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lutgendorf, Monica A.; Terpstra, Eric A.; Snider, Tracie C.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Johnson, Alan M.; McKelvey, Samantha A.; Magann, Everett F.] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1933-7191 J9 REPROD SCI JI Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 3 SU S MA S127 BP 331A EP 332A PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 778RE UT WOS:000291721701469 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Hitt, WC Dubil, EA McKelvey, SA Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Chauhan, Suneet P. Hitt, Wilbur C. Dubil, Elizabeth A. McKelvey, Samantha A. Morrison, John C. TI Borderline or Marginal Amniotic Fluid Index and Peripartum Outcomes: A Review of the Literature SO REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Magann, Everett F.; Hitt, Wilbur C.; McKelvey, Samantha A.] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Dubil, Elizabeth A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1933-7191 J9 REPROD SCI JI Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 3 SU S MA S289 BP 378A EP 378A PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 778RE UT WOS:000291721701625 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Lutgendorf, MA Porter, SR Siegel, ER McKelvey, SA Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Lutgendorf, Monica A. Porter, Stephanie R. Siegel, Eric R. McKelvey, Samatha A. Morrison, John C. TI Risk Factors for a Prolonged Third Stage of Labor and for a Postpartum Hemorrhage SO REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Magann, Everett F.; McKelvey, Samatha A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, OB GYN, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Lutgendorf, Monica A.] USN, OB GYN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Porter, Stephanie R.] Univ TN, OB GYN, Knoxville, TN USA. [Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, OB GYN, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1933-7191 J9 REPROD SCI JI Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 3 SU S MA S290 BP 378A EP 378A PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 778RE UT WOS:000291721701626 ER PT J AU Caton, PA Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS AF Caton, Patrick A. Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. TI Understanding Ignition Delay Effects With Pure Component Fuels in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT JETS; COMBUSTION; HYDROCARBONS; ENTRAINMENT; OXIDATION; MECHANISM AB In order to better understand how future candidate diesel fuels may affect combustion characteristics in diesel engines, 21 pure component hydrocarbon fuels were tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine. These pure component fuels included normal alkanes (C6-C16), normal primary alkenes (C6-C18), isoalkanes, cycloalkanes/-enes, and aromatic species. In addition, seven fuel blends were tested, including commercial diesel fuel, U. S. Navy JP-5 aviation fuel, and five Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels. Ignition delay was used as a primary combustion metric for each fuel, and the ignition delay period was analyzed from the perspective of the physical delay period followed by the chemical delay period. While fuel properties could not strictly be varied independently of each other, several ignition delay correlations with respect to physical properties were suggested. In general, longer ignition delays were observed for component fuels with lower liquid fuel density, kinematic viscosity, and liquid-air surface tension. Longer ignition delay was also observed for component fuels with higher fuel volatility, as measured by boiling point and vapor pressure. Experimental data show two regimes of operation: For a carbon chain length of 12 or greater, there is little variation in ignition delay for the tested fuels. For shorter chain lengths, a fuel molecular structure is very important. Carbon chain length was used as a scaling variable with an empirical factor to collapse the ignition delay onto a single trend line. Companion detailed kinetic modeling was pursued on the lightest fuel species set (C6) since this fuel set possessed the greatest ignition delay differences. The kinetic model gives a chemical ignition delay time, which, together with the measured experimental ignition delay, suggests that the physical and chemical delay period have comparable importance. However, the calculated chemical delay periods capture the general variation in the overall ignition delay and could be used to predict the ignition delay of possible future synthetic diesel fuels. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001943] C1 [Caton, Patrick A.; Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Caton, PA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM patcaton@usna.edu; ljhamilt@usna.edu; cowart@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Dave Shifler and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. The excellent technical support of John Hein, Charles Baesch, and Bob Woody is also acknowledged. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2011 VL 133 IS 3 AR 032803 DI 10.1115/1.4001943 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 680ZH UT WOS:000284275500014 ER PT J AU Hofmann, T Herzinger, CM Tedesco, JL Gaskill, DK Woollam, JA Schubert, M AF Hofmann, T. Herzinger, C. M. Tedesco, J. L. Gaskill, D. K. Woollam, J. A. Schubert, M. TI Terahertz ellipsometry and terahertz optical-Hall effect SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry CY MAY 23-29, 2010 CL Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale & Engn, Albany, NY HO Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale & Engn DE Terahertz; Ellipsometry; Frequency domain; Optical-Hall effect; Free-charge carrier properties ID INFRARED MAGNETOOPTIC ELLIPSOMETRY; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; EFFECTIVE-MASS; TIME; THZ; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSISTORS; TECHNOLOGY; PARAMETERS AB Ellipsometry has been proven as an excellent tool for the precise and accurate determination of material optical properties in the spectral range from the far infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet. In the terahertz frequency domain, however, ellipsometry is still in its infancy. Here we report on our recent development of rotating optical element frequency domain terahertz ellipsometry using electron-beam based, quasi-optical light sources. We demonstrate that high power backward wave oscillator type sources are readily available for the use in spectroscopic ellipsometry instrumentation for the terahertz spectral range. We review recent results on the application of terahertz ellipsometry. Exemplarily, the contact-free optical determination of free-charge carrier properties for very small doping concentrations and doping profiles in iso- and aniso-type Si homojunctions will be discussed. Furthermore, terahertz optical-Hall effect measurements on high-mobility epitaxial graphene on SiC and very low-doped Si are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hofmann, T.; Schubert, M.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Hofmann, T.; Schubert, M.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Tedesco, J. L.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Herzinger, C. M.; Woollam, J. A.] JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Hofmann, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM thofmann@engr.unl.edu RI Hofmann, Tino/B-9194-2013; Schubert, Mathias/B-2676-2017 OI Hofmann, Tino/0000-0003-3362-9959; Schubert, Mathias/0000-0001-6238-663X NR 69 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 519 IS 9 SI SI BP 2593 EP 2600 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.069 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745OG UT WOS:000289174200006 ER PT J AU Gut, IM Tamilselvam, B Prouty, AM Stojkovic, B Czeschin, S van der Donk, WA Blanke, SR AF Gut, Ian M. Tamilselvam, Batcha Prouty, Angela M. Stojkovic, Bojana Czeschin, Stephanie van der Donk, Wilfred A. Blanke, Steven R. TI Bacillus anthracis spore interactions with mammalian cells: Relationship between germination state and the outcome of in vitro SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MURINE PRIMARY MACROPHAGES; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INHALATION ANTHRAX; INFECTION; ENDOSPORES; VIVO; INTERNALIZATION; DISSEMINATION; INACTIVATION; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB Background: During inhalational anthrax, internalization of Bacillus anthracis spores by host cells within the lung is believed to be a key step for initiating the transition from the localized to disseminated stages of infection. Despite compelling in vivo evidence that spores remain dormant within the bronchioalveolar spaces of the lungs, and germinate only after uptake into host cells, most in vitro studies of infection have been conducted under conditions that promote rapid germination of spores within the culture medium. Results: Using an in vitro model of infection, we evaluated the influence of the germination state of B. anthracis spores, as controlled by defined culture conditions, on the outcome of infection. Spores prepared from B. anthracis Sterne 7702 germinated in a variety of common cell culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) while, in the absence of FBS, germination was strictly dependent on medium composition. RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells internalized spores to the same extent in either germinating or non-germinating media. However, significantly more viable, intracellular B. anthracis were recovered from cells infected under non-germinating conditions compared to germinating conditions. At the same time, RAW264.7 cells demonstrated a significant loss in viability when infected under non-germinating conditions. Conclusions: These results suggest that the outcome of host cell infection is sensitive to the germination state of spores at the time of uptake. Moreover, this study demonstrates the efficacy of studying B. anthracis spore infection of host cells within a defined, non-germinating, in vitro environment. C1 [van der Donk, Wilfred A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [van der Donk, Wilfred A.] Univ Illinois, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gut, Ian M.; Tamilselvam, Batcha; Prouty, Angela M.; Stojkovic, Bojana; Czeschin, Stephanie; Blanke, Steven R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [van der Donk, Wilfred A.; Blanke, Steven R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Prouty, Angela M.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Res Directorate, BDRD Annex, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Stojkovic, Bojana] Parkland Coll, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP van der Donk, WA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 1209 W Calif St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vddonk@illinois.edu; sblanke@life.uiuc.edu RI Batcha, Tamilselvam/A-8212-2010; OI Batcha, Tamilselvam/0000-0001-9241-3846; van der Donk, Wilfred/0000-0002-5467-7071 FU NIH-NIAID [U54AI057156]; National Institutes of Health [5 T32GM070421]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Barbara Pilas and Ben Montez from the R. J. Carver Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois-Urbana/Champaign (UIUC) for assistance with flow cytometry. This work was supported by an NIH-NIAID Award to the Western Regional Center for Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research U54AI057156 (SRB; P.I. D. Walker), a Chemical Biology Interface Training Grant from the National Institutes of Health (5 T32GM070421 to IMG), and by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to WAV). NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 46 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-11-46 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 737BZ UT WOS:000288544600002 PM 21356113 ER PT J AU Finkel, P Bonini, J Garrity, E Bussman, K Gao, J Li, JF Lofland, SE Viehland, D AF Finkel, P. Bonini, J. Garrity, E. Bussman, K. Gao, J. Li, J. F. Lofland, S. E. Viehland, D. TI Enhanced resonant magnetoelectric coupling in frequency-tunable composite multiferroic bimorph structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB We report on a giant tunable enhanced resonant magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in multiferroic magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite bimorph structures. The approach uses a magnetic/electric field assisted stress-reconfigurable resonance to produce frequency tuning of up to 100%. The studies were performed by laser Doppler spectroscopy. We also show that this principle of a continuously tuned resonance might be used to improve sensitivity for ME magnetic sensors. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3560055] C1 [Finkel, P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Bonini, J.; Lofland, S. E.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. [Garrity, E.] ACR Sci Inc, Lancaster, PA 17491 USA. [Bussman, K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gao, J.; Li, J. F.; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Finkel, P (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM peter.finkel@navy.mil RI Gao, Junqi/F-2989-2012; OI Lofland, Samuel/0000-0002-1024-5103 FU NSF [DMR 0520471] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the full support by the Office of Naval Research. The authors also appreciate Mr. Kim Benjamin (NUWC) for discussions and help in sample preparation and design and fabrication of the loading fixture. S. E. L. acknowledges partial support NSF MRSEC Grant No. DMR 0520471. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 9 AR 092905 DI 10.1063/1.3560055 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 730IJ UT WOS:000288026700057 ER PT J AU Fricker, RD AF Fricker, Ronald D., Jr. TI Some methodological issues in biosurveillance SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY APR 06-08, 2009 CL Decatur, GA DE epidemiologic surveillance; syndromic surveillance; public health surveillance; bioterrorism ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; ABERRATION DETECTION METHODS; SYSTEMS; DISEASE; SIMULATION; OUTBREAKS; MODEL AB This paper briefly summarizes a short course I gave at the 12th Biennial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Symposium held in Decatur, Georgia on April 6, 2009. The goal of this short course was to discuss various methodological issues of biosurveillance detection algorithms, with a focus on the issues related to developing, evaluating, and implementing such algorithms. The PowerPoint slides from the complete talk can be accessed at http://faculty.nps.edu/rdfricke/Biosurveillance.htm. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fricker, RD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rdfricker@nps.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 SI SI BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1002/sim.3880 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 724YI UT WOS:000287612000002 PM 21312208 ER PT J AU Fricker, RD AF Fricker, Ronald D., Jr. TI Rejoinder: Some methodological issues in biosurveillance SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY APR 06-08, 2009 CL Decatur, GA DE epidemiologic surveillance; syndromic surveillance; public health surveillance; bioterrorism ID SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH AB This paper is a rejoinder to the commentaries on Some Methodological Issues in Biosurveillance. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fricker, RD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rdfricker@nps.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 SI SI BP 434 EP 441 DI 10.1002/sim.3982 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 724YI UT WOS:000287612000008 ER PT J AU Lin, II Hu, CM Li, YH Ho, TY Fischer, TP Wong, GTF Wu, JF Huang, CW Chu, DA Ko, DS Chen, JP AF Lin, I. -I. Hu, Chuanmin Li, Yuan-Hui Ho, Tung-Yuan Fischer, Tobias P. Wong, George T. F. Wu, Jingfeng Huang, Chih-Wei Chu, D. Allen Ko, Dong S. Chen, Jen-Ping TI Fertilization potential of volcanic dust in the low-nutrient low-chlorophyll western North Pacific subtropical gyre: Satellite evidence and laboratory study SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; ANATAHAN VOLCANO; MARIANA ISLANDS; 2003 ERUPTION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHATE-DEPLETION; COASTAL WATERS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SURFACE OCEAN AB In the western North Pacific subtropical ocean, the Anatahan volcano of the Mariana Islands erupted on 10 May 2003 for the first time in recorded history. Based on nine different types of remote sensing data provided by NASA, laboratory experiment of the Anatahan samples, and a 3-D ocean circulation model developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the postvolcanic ocean biogeochemical response to the Anatahan eruption was explored. It was observed that soon after the eruption, the aerosol optical depth abruptly increased from the pre-eruption loading of similar to 0.1 to similar to 2. In the week following the eruption, a "bloom-like" patch was observed by NASA's Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color sensor. Based on the chlorophyll a, fluorescence line height (FLH), at-sensor total radiance, and normalized water-leaving radiance data obtained by MODIS, the cause of the bloom-like patch was diagnosed. The results suggest that the patch was most likely a mixture of suspended volcanic particles and a phytoplankton bloom. FLH was found to be similar to 9-17 x 10(-3) mW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1) in the patch and similar to 3-5 x 10-3 mW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1) in the ambient water, indicating that a 2-5-fold increase in biological activity occurred during the week following the eruption. Satellite altimetry indicated that the bloom took place in the presence of downwelling and was not a result of upwelled nutrients in this oligotrophic ocean. Analysis of satellite ocean color spectra of the bloom region found similar spectra as the reference Trichodesmium spectra. Laboratory experiments further substantiate the satellite observations which show elevated concentrations of limiting nutrients provided by the Anatahan samples, and the averaged soluble nitrate, phosphate, and Fe were 42, 3.1, and 2.0 nM, respectively. Though it was not possible to obtain in situ observations of the ocean biogeochemical responses that followed the Anatahan eruption, this study provided evidence based on remote sensing data and laboratory experiment that fertilization of volcanic aerosols occurred following this eruption in one of the most oligotrophic low-nutrient low-chlorophyll ocean deserts on Earth. C1 [Lin, I. -I.; Huang, Chih-Wei; Chen, Jen-Ping] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Li, Yuan-Hui] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ho, Tung-Yuan; Wong, George T. F.; Huang, Chih-Wei] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Fischer, Tobias P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wong, George T. F.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Wu, Jingfeng] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Chu, D. Allen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lin, II (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sect 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM iilin@as.ntu.edu.tw RI ChaoMing, Hu/C-3884-2011; Wu, Jingfeng/B-1301-2012; hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012; Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; Chen, Jen-Ping/F-2947-2010; Ho, Tung-Yuan/F-2323-2017 OI Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Chen, Jen-Ping/0000-0003-4188-6189; FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC97-2111-M-002-014-MY3, NSC-98-2611-M-002-014-MY3]; U.S. NASA; Academia Sinica, Taiwan FX We thank the U. S. NASA, Remote Sensing Systems, and the U. S. NOAA for providing remote sensing data. Thanks to Jennifer A. Wade (Boson University, USA) for helpful information. This work is primarily supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through the Long-term Observation and Research of the East China Sea grants NSC97-2111-M-002-014-MY3 (Lin) and NSC-98-2611-M-002-014-MY3 (Lin) and by the U.S. NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program. Additional support was through NSC 96-2611-M-001-003-MY3 (Wong) and NSC98-2611-M-001-004-MY3 (Wong) and a thematic research grant entitled "Atmospheric Forcing on Ocean Biogeochemistry (AFOBi)" by the Academia Sinica, Taiwan (Wong and Lin). NR 69 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB 26 PY 2011 VL 25 AR GB1006 DI 10.1029/2009GB003758 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727NP UT WOS:000287808200001 ER PT J AU Opeka, M Zaykoski, J Talmy, I Causey, S AF Opeka, Mark Zaykoski, James Talmy, Inna Causey, Sam TI Synthesis and characterization of Zr2SC ceramics SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ceramics; Zr2SC; Synthesis; Hot pressing; Mechanical characterization; SEM AB MAX-phase Zr2SC ceramics were synthesized by hot pressing mixtures containing ZrH2, carbon or ZrC, and ZrS2, WS2, or FeS2 as sulfur sources. The Zr2SC synthesized with FeS2 had a typical MAX-phase laminated structure, good thermal shock resistance, thermal stability to 2100 degrees C, and were readily machineable. The flexural strength was about 250 MPa up to 800 degrees C. The thermal expansion coefficient was 8.8 x 10(-6)/degrees C in the 25-2000 degrees C-temperature range, thermal conductivity was 38 W/m-K at 100 degrees C and about 30 W/m-K at 1100 degrees C, and specific heat at temperatures from 100 to 1100 degrees C ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 kJ/kg degrees C. Load-deflection curves exhibited plastic deformation from RT to 2066 degrees C. The sample deflection at fracture demonstrated significant dependence on temperature with a minimum at 1510 degrees C. In arc heater testing at 2150 degrees C for 23 s, the material developed an adherent, protective scale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Opeka, Mark; Zaykoski, James; Talmy, Inna] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Causey, Sam] So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. RP Talmy, I (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. EM inna.talmy@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Dr. S. Fishman and Dr. D. Shiffler). The authors thank Dr. A. Mansour (NSWCCD) for conducting and interpreting XAS experiments at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors also thank the students: R. Maire, S. Salvati, and J. Langman for participating in the experiments. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 528 IS 4-5 BP 1994 EP 2001 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.084 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 716UL UT WOS:000286998900011 ER PT J AU Hemmer, PR Miles, RB Polynkin, P Siebert, T Sokolov, AV Sprangle, P Scully, MO AF Hemmer, Philip R. Miles, Richard B. Polynkin, Pavel Siebert, Torsten Sokolov, Alexei V. Sprangle, Phillip Scully, Marlan O. TI Standoff spectroscopy via remote generation of a backward-propagating laser beam SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE air laser; atmospheric surveillance; threat detection; Raman ID TRANSPARENT MEDIA; AIR; FILAMENTS; PULSES; SUPERRADIANCE; OSCILLATION; LIGHT AB In an earlier publication we demonstrated that by using pairs of pulses of different colors (e.g., red and blue) it is possible to excite a dilute ensemble of molecules such that lasing and/or gain-swept superradiance is realized in a direction toward the observer. This approach is a conceptual step toward spectroscopic probing at a distance, also known as standoff spectroscopy. In the present paper, we propose a related but simpler approach on the basis of the backward-directed lasing in optically excited dominant constituents of plain air, N(2) and O(2). This technique relies on the remote generation of a weakly ionized plasma channel through filamentation of an ultraintense femtosecond laser pulse. Subsequent application of an energetic nanosecond pulse or series of pulses boosts the plasma density in the seed channel via avalanche ionization. Depending on the spectral and temporal content of the driving pulses, a transient population inversion is established in either nitrogen- or oxygen-ionized molecules, thus enabling a transient gain for an optical field propagating toward the observer. This technique results in the generation of a strong, coherent, counter-propagating optical probe pulse. Such a probe, combined with a wavelength-tunable laser signal(s) propagating in the forward direction, provides a tool for various remote-sensing applications. The proposed technique can be enhanced by combining it with the gain-swept excitation approach as well as with beam shaping and adaptive optics techniques. C1 [Hemmer, Philip R.; Siebert, Torsten; Sokolov, Alexei V.; Scully, Marlan O.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Miles, Richard B.; Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Polynkin, Pavel; Scully, Marlan O.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Siebert, Torsten] Free Univ Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Sprangle, Phillip] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scully, MO (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM scully@tamu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0540832]; Office of Naval Research; Robert A. Welch Foundation [A-1261, A-1547]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0237, FA9550-10-1-0561] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work by National Science Foundation Grant EEC-0540832 (MIRTHE ERC), the Office of Naval Research, and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (A-1261 and A-1547). P. P. acknowledges support from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grants FA9550-10-1-0237 and FA9550-10-1-0561. NR 23 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 22 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 8 BP 3130 EP 3134 DI 10.1073/pnas.1014401107 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 724ML UT WOS:000287580400015 PM 21297033 ER PT J AU Noutsos, A Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Busetto, G Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chaty, S Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Palma, F Drell, PS Dumora, D Ea, CM Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Grandi, P Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Lee, SH Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Persic, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Romani, RW Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tramacere, A Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vianello, G Vilchez, N Villata, M Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Watters, K Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ziegler, M AF Noutsos, A. Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Busetto, G. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chaty, S. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Drell, P. S. Dumora, D. Ea, C. M. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Grandi, P. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Lee, S-H. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Romani, R. W. Sadrozinski, H. F-W Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vianello, G. Vilchez, N. Villata, M. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Watters, K. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ziegler, M. TI RADIO AND gamma-RAY CONSTRAINTS ON THE EMISSION GEOMETRY AND BIRTHPLACE OF PSR J2043+2740 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual (PSR J2043+2740) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; FERMI-LAT OBSERVATIONS; CYGNUS LOOP; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; SPACE-TELESCOPE; VELOCITY VECTORS; PROPER-MOTION; LIGHT CURVES; VELA PULSAR; POLARIZATION AB We report on the first year of Fermi gamma-ray observations of pulsed high-energy emission from the old PSR J2043 + 2740. The study of the gamma-ray efficiency of such old pulsars gives us an insight into the evolution of pulsars' ability to emit in gamma rays as they age. The gamma-ray light curve of this pulsar above 0.1 GeV is clearly defined by two sharp peaks, 0.353 +/- 0.035 periods apart. We have combined the gamma-ray profile characteristics of PSR J2043 + 2740 with the geometrical properties of the pulsar's radio emission, derived from radio-polarization data, and constrained the pulsar-beam geometry in the framework of a two-pole caustic (TPC) and an outer gap (OG) model. The ranges of magnetic inclination and viewing angle were determined to be {alpha, zeta} similar to {52 degrees-57 degrees, 61 degrees-68 degrees} for the TPC model, and {alpha, zeta} similar to {62 degrees-73 degrees, 74 degrees-81 degrees} and {alpha, zeta} similar to {72 degrees-83 degrees, 60 degrees-75 degrees} for the OG model. Based on this geometry, we assess possible birth locations for this pulsar and derive a likely proper motion, sufficiently high to be measurable with VLBI. At a characteristic age of 1.2 Myr, PSR J2043 + 2740 is the third oldest of all discovered, non-recycled, gamma-ray pulsars: it is twice as old as the next oldest, PSR J0357 + 32, and younger only than the recently discovered PSR J1836 + 5925 and PSR J2055 + 25, both of which are at least five and ten times less energetic, respectively. C1 [Noutsos, A.; Freire, P. C. C.; Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Noutsos, A.; Ea, C. M.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S-H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Smith, P. D.; Tanaka, T.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S-H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Smith, P. D.; Tanaka, T.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaty, S.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys, CEA IRFU CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Persic, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Ferrara, E. C.; Harding, A. K.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, LPCE, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, CNRS, INSU, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Colafrancesco, S.; Cutini, S.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.; Persic, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.] AlbaNova, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jackson, M. S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnston, S.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, UPS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Orlando, E.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Sadrozinski, H. F-W; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F-W; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.; Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Villata, M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Villata, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM anoutsos@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; guillemo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015 OI Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Persic, Massimo/0000-0003-1853-4900; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom FX The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 2 AR 77 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/77 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 716MP UT WOS:000286973600004 ER PT J AU Tan, LC Reames, DV Ng, CK Shao, X Wang, LH AF Tan, Lun C. Reames, Donald V. Ng, Chee K. Shao, Xi Wang, Linghua TI WHAT CAUSES SCATTER-FREE TRANSPORT OF NON-RELATIVISTIC SOLAR ELECTRONS? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere; Sun: particle emission ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; COSMIC-RAY TRANSPORT; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INTERPLANETARY TRANSPORT; DISSIPATION RANGE; ALFVEN WAVES; WIND SPACECRAFT; NEAR-EARTH; TURBULENCE AB We have examined the cause of the scatter-free transport of non-relativistic solar electrons. Electron scatter-free transport events are compared with the diffusive transport event. The emphasis of our examination is on the energy dependence of electron angular distributions and the steepening of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) power spectral densities (PSDs). Near and above the proton gyrofrequency, the effects of both R-mode (whistler) and L-mode (electromagnetic ion cyclotron, EMIC) waves need to be taken into account separately. The PSD spectral steepening due to the EMIC wave damping by solar-wind thermal ions becomes essential. In a fast-rise-fast-decay impulsive electron event we have observed such steepening, which significantly reduces PSD levels at frequencies above the proton gyrofrequency. The spectral steepening thus produced favors the occurrence of scatter-free transport of low-energy electrons. Consequently, within the Wind/3D Plasma and Energetic Particle Instrument/Silicon Semiconductor Telescope measured energy range (similar to 25-500 keV), there appears to be an electron energy window, across which the scatter-free transport of lower energy electrons would change to the diffusive transport of higher energy electrons. We have observed such a change and found it is correlated with the occurrence of broken power-law spectra of electrons. Thus the connection between the transition from diffusive to scatter-free electron transport and the concurrent transition from high to low IMF PSD levels with corresponding breaks in the electron power-law energy spectrum and PSD spectrum has been recognized. C1 [Tan, Lun C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reames, Donald V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ng, Chee K.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tan, Lun C.; Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Linghua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ng, Chee K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tan, LC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Code 672, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ltan@mail.umd.edu RI Wang, Linghua/C-4938-2014; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 OI Wang, Linghua/0000-0001-7309-4325; FU NASA [NNX10AE90G, NNX08AQ02G, NNX09AU98G, NNX07AF42G, NNX08AE34G] FX We gratefully acknowledge data provided by the NASA/Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) CDAWeb, ACE Science Center, and Wind/3DP Data Center. We thank A. Szabo for making the Wind/MFI high-resolution data available to this work. Also, we thank K. Ogilvie, R. Lin, and A. Szabo for their support of this work, and the anonymous reviewer for his/her valuable comments. L.C.T. is supported in part by NASA grant NNX10AE90G, D.V.R. is supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AQ02G. C.K.N. is supported in part by NASA grant NNX09AU98G. X.S. is supported in part by NASA grant NNX07AF42G. L.W. is supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AE34G. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 2 AR 133 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/133 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 716MP UT WOS:000286973600059 ER PT J AU Borucki, WJ Koch, DG Basri, G Batalha, N Boss, A Brown, TM Caldwell, D Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Cochran, WD DeVore, E Dunham, EW Dupree, AK Gautier, TN Geary, JC Gilliland, R Gould, A Howell, SB Jenkins, JM Kjeldsen, H Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Marcy, GW Monet, DG Sasselov, D Tarter, J Charbonneau, D Doyle, L Ford, EB Fortney, J Holman, MJ Seager, S Steffen, JH Welsh, WF Allen, C Bryson, ST Buchhave, L Chandrasekaran, H Christiansen, JL Ciardi, D Clarke, BD Dotson, JL Endl, M Fischer, D Fressin, F Haas, M Horch, E Howard, A Isaacson, H Kolodziejczak, J Li, J MacQueen, P Meibom, S Prsa, A Quintana, EV Rowe, J Sherry, W Tenenbaum, P Torres, G Twicken, JD Van Cleve, J Walkowicz, L Wu, H AF Borucki, William J. Koch, David G. Basri, Gibor Batalha, Natalie Boss, Alan Brown, Timothy M. Caldwell, Douglas Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen Cochran, William D. DeVore, Edna Dunham, Edward W. Dupree, Andrea K. Gautier, Thomas N., III Geary, John C. Gilliland, Ronald Gould, Alan Howell, Steve B. Jenkins, Jon M. Kjeldsen, Hans Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Monet, David G. Sasselov, Dimitar Tarter, Jill Charbonneau, David Doyle, Laurance Ford, Eric B. Fortney, Jonathan Holman, Matthew J. Seager, Sara Steffen, Jason H. Welsh, William F. Allen, Christopher Bryson, Stephen T. Buchhave, Lars Chandrasekaran, Hema Christiansen, Jessie L. Ciardi, David Clarke, Bruce D. Dotson, Jessie L. Endl, Michael Fischer, Debra Fressin, Francois Haas, Michael Horch, Elliott Howard, Andrew Isaacson, Howard Kolodziejczak, Jeffery Li, Jie MacQueen, Phillip Meibom, Soren Prsa, Andrej Quintana, Elisa V. Rowe, Jason Sherry, William Tenenbaum, Peter Torres, Guillermo Twicken, Joseph D. Van Cleve, Jeffrey Walkowicz, Lucianne Wu, Hayley TI CHARACTERISTICS OF KEPLER PLANETARY CANDIDATES BASED ON THE FIRST DATA SET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: detection; surveys ID TRANSITING PLANET; INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; CADENCE DATA; PERFORMANCE; SCIENCE; STAR AB In the spring of 2009, the Kepler Mission commenced high-precision photometry on nearly 156,000 stars to determine the frequency and characteristics of small exoplanets, conduct a guest observer program, and obtain asteroseismic data on a wide variety of stars. On 2010 June 15, the Kepler Mission released most of the data from the first quarter of observations. At the time of this data release, 705 stars from this first data set have exoplanet candidates with sizes from as small as that of Earth to larger than that of Jupiter. Here we give the identity and characteristics of 305 released stars with planetary candidates. Data for the remaining 400 stars with planetary candidates will be released in 2011 February. More than half the candidates on the released list have radii less than half that of Jupiter. Five candidates are present in and near the habitable zone; two near super-Earth size, and three bracketing the size of Jupiter. The released stars also include five possible multi-planet systems. One of these has two Neptune-size (2.3 and 2.5 Earth radius) candidates with near-resonant periods. C1 [Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Dotson, Jessie L.; Haas, Michael; Rowe, Jason] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Basri, Gibor; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Howard, Andrew; Isaacson, Howard; Walkowicz, Lucianne] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batalha, Natalie] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Boss, Alan] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas; DeVore, Edna; Jenkins, Jon M.; Tarter, Jill; Doyle, Laurance; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Li, Jie; Quintana, Elisa V.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Twicken, Joseph D.; Van Cleve, Jeffrey; Wu, Hayley] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen; Kjeldsen, Hans] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark. [Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; MacQueen, Phillip] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dupree, Andrea K.; Geary, John C.; Latham, David W.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Charbonneau, David; Holman, Matthew J.; Buchhave, Lars; Fressin, Francois; Meibom, Soren; Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gould, Alan] Lawrence Hall Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howell, Steve B.; Sherry, William] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Monet, David G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fortney, Jonathan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Seager, Sara] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Steffen, Jason H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Welsh, William F.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Allen, Christopher] Orbital Sci Corp, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Ciardi, David] Exoplanet Sci Inst Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fischer, Debra] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Horch, Elliott] So Connecticut State Univ, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. [Kolodziejczak, Jeffery] MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Prsa, Andrej] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Borucki, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM William.J.Borucki@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; Ciardi, David/0000-0002-5741-3047; /0000-0001-6545-639X; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; W. M. Keck Foundation FX Kepler was competitively selected as the 10th Discovery mission. Funding for this mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors thank the many people who gave so generously of their time to make this mission a success. NR 30 TC 192 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 2 AR 117 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/117 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 716MP UT WOS:000286973600043 ER PT J AU Gillaspy, JD Lin, T Tedesco, L Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM Brickhouse, N Chen, GX Silver, E AF Gillaspy, J. D. Lin, T. Tedesco, L. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. Brickhouse, N. Chen, G. -X. Silver, E. TI Fe XVII X-RAY LINE RATIOS FOR ACCURATE ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line: formation; opacity; plasmas; X-rays: general ID BEAM ION-TRAP; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RELATIVE INTENSITY; RATE COEFFICIENTS; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; EBIT; RECOMBINATION AB New laboratory measurements using an electron beam ion trap and an X-ray microcalorimeter are presented for the n = 3 to n = 2 Fe XVII emission lines in the 15-17 angstrom range, along with new theoretical predictions for a variety of electron energy distributions. This work improves upon our earlier work on these lines by providing measurements at more electron-impact energies (seven values from 846 to 1185 eV), performing an in situ determination of the X-ray window transmission, taking steps to minimize the ion impurity concentrations, correcting the electron energies for space charge shifts, and estimating the residual electron energy uncertainties. The results for the 3C/3D and 3s/3C line ratios are generally in agreement with the closest theory to within 10%, and in agreement with previous measurements from an independent group to within 20%. Better consistency between the two experimental groups is obtained at the lowest electron energies by using theory to interpolate, taking into account the significantly different electron energy distributions. Evidence for resonance collision effects in the spectra is discussed. Renormalized values for the absolute cross sections of the 3C and 3D lines are obtained by combining previously published results and shown to be in agreement with the predictions of converged R-matrix theory. This work establishes consistency between results from independent laboratories and improves the reliability of these lines for astrophysical diagnostics. Factors that should be taken into account for accurate diagnostics are discussed, including electron energy distribution, polarization, absorption/scattering, and line blends. C1 [Gillaspy, J. D.; Tedesco, L.; Tan, J. N.; Pomeroy, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, T.; Brickhouse, N.; Chen, G. -X.; Silver, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.gillaspy@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 FU NASA [NNX08AK33G] FX We thank Stuart Loch and Connor Ballance for their calculations (done in collaboration with Mitch Pindzola and Don Griffin), and Don Landis, Norm Madden, Jeff Beeman, Eugene Haller, Gerry Austin, and David Caldwell for contributing to the development of the microcalorimeter. This work is supported by NASA grant NNX08AK33G. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 2 AR 132 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/132 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 716MP UT WOS:000286973600058 ER PT J AU Eriksen, KA Hughes, JP Badenes, C Fesen, R Ghavamian, P Moffett, D Plucinksy, PP Rakowski, CE Reynoso, EM Slane, P AF Eriksen, Kristoffer A. Hughes, John P. Badenes, Carles Fesen, Robert Ghavamian, Parviz Moffett, David Plucinksy, Paul P. Rakowski, Cara E. Reynoso, Estela M. Slane, Patrick TI EVIDENCE FOR PARTICLE ACCELERATION TO THE KNEE OF THE COSMIC RAY SPECTRUM IN TYCHO'S SUPERNOVA REMNANT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; ISM: individual objects (SN 1572, Tycho); ISM: supernova remnants ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SHOCK; AMPLIFICATION; CASSIOPEIA; EMISSION; EXPANSION; ENERGY AB Supernova remnants (SNRs) have long been assumed to be the source of cosmic rays (CRs) up to the "knee" of the CR spectrum at 10(15) eV, accelerating particles to relativistic energies in their blast waves by the process of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). Since CR nuclei do not radiate efficiently, their presence must be inferred indirectly. Previous theoretical calculations and X-ray observations show that CR acceleration significantly modifies the structure of the SNR and greatly amplifies the interstellar magnetic field. We present new, deep X-ray observations of the remnant of Tycho's supernova (SN 1572, henceforth Tycho), which reveal a previously unknown, strikingly ordered pattern of non-thermal high-emissivity stripes in the projected interior of the remnant, with spacing that corresponds to the gyroradii of 10(14)-10(15) eV protons. Spectroscopy of the stripes shows the plasma to be highly turbulent on the (smaller) scale of the Larmor radii of TeV energy electrons. Models of the shock amplification of magnetic fields produce structure on the scale of the gyroradius of the highest energy CRs present, but they do not predict the highly ordered pattern we observe. We interpret the stripes as evidence for acceleration of particles to near the knee of the CR spectrum in regions of enhanced magnetic turbulence, while the observed highly ordered pattern of these features provides a new challenge to models of DSA. C1 [Eriksen, Kristoffer A.; Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Badenes, Carles] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Badenes, Carles] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Fesen, Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ghavamian, Parviz] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moffett, David] Furman Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. [Plucinksy, Paul P.; Slane, Patrick] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rakowski, Cara E.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Reynoso, Estela M.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Reynoso, Estela M.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Exact & Nat Sci, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Eriksen, KA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU Rutgers University [GO9-0078X]; CONICET; UBA; ANPCyT FX This work was partially supported by Chandra award (grant number GO9-0078X) to Rutgers University. E.M.R. is a member of the CIC (CONICET) and is funded by the CONICET, UBA, and ANPCyT projects. J.P.H. acknowledges helpful discussions with Mario Riquelme, Anatoly Spitkovsky, Tom Jones, Roger Blandford, and Martin Laming. We also thank Christopher McKee for contributing to the original Chandra proposal. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 2 AR L28 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/728/2/L28 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 715YI UT WOS:000286931200004 ER PT J AU Eigenbrodt, BC Pomfret, MB Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC Walker, RA AF Eigenbrodt, Bryan C. Pomfret, Michael B. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Walker, Robert A. TI Direct, In Situ Optical Studies of Ni-YSZ Anodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating with Methanol and Methane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTRA; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; SOFC ANODES; HYDROCARBON FUELS; DIRECT-OXIDATION; NATURAL-GAS; ETHANOL; PERFORMANCE; STEAM; DEPOSITION AB Near-infrared imaging and vibrational Raman scattering have been used to measure the susceptibility of Ni-based cermet anodes to carbon formation in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating with methane and methanol fuels at 715 degrees C. These two complementary optical methods afford previously unavailable opportunities to monitor chemical and physical processes occurring in situ and in real time with molecular specificity and spatial resolution. Imaging and spectroscopic data show that when the cell is held at open circuit voltage carbon forms within one minute of methanol or methane being introduced to the anode chamber. Raman spectra identify these deposits as highly ordered graphite based on a single sharp feature in the vibrational spectrum near 1580 cm(-1). While graphite formed from methane remains highly ordered regardless of exposure duration, graphite formed from sustained exposure to methanol begins to show evidence of structural disorder inferred from the appearance of a weak feature at 1340 cm-1. This lower frequency vibrational band has been assigned previously to the presence of grain boundaries and/or site defects in a graphite lattice. Correlating the growth of intensity in the Raman spectra with exposure time quantifies the kinetics of carbon deposition and suggests that carbon formed from methanol grows via two distinct mechanisms. Thermal imaging data show that carbon deposition is endothermic and reduces anode temperatures. This effect is more pronounced for methanol (Delta T = -5.5 degrees C) than methane (Delta T = -0.5 degrees C). These results agree with data from vibrational Raman experiments showing that exposure to methanol leads to significantly more carbon deposition. Polarizing the cell reduces the amount of carbon deposited. This effect is reversible and more significant for methanol. The effects of the graphite formed from methanol are evident in electrochemical impedance data but less apparent in voltammetry experiments. In contrast, graphite formed from methane has only modest impact on device performance. Collectively, these studies address long-standing questions about the tendency of methanol to form carbon on eletrocatalytic SOFC anodes and the consequences of this chemistry on device performance. C1 [Walker, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Eigenbrodt, Bryan C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pomfret, Michael B.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Walker, RA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM rawalker@chemistry.montana.edu RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-WX-2-0679, N000014-08-10208] FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-08-WX-2-0679 and N000014-08-10208). The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Professor Bryan W. Eichhorn (University of Maryland) and Professor Anthony M. Dean (Colorado School of Mines) as well as instrumentation assistance from David A. Kidwell (Naval Research Laboratory). NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 17 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 6 BP 2895 EP 2903 DI 10.1021/jp109292r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 717RS UT WOS:000287065700036 ER PT J AU Hackett, EE Luznik, L Nayak, AR Katz, J Osborn, TR AF Hackett, Erin E. Luznik, Luksa Nayak, Aditya R. Katz, Joseph Osborn, Thomas R. TI Field measurements of turbulence at an unstable interface between current and wave bottom boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; OSCILLATORY FLOW; LOCAL ISOTROPY; CHANNEL FLOW; ROUGH; FLUID; BED; STATISTICS AB In situ particle image velocimetry measurements, at a resolution of 3.5 Kolmogorov scales, have been performed in the inner part of the coastal bottom boundary layer. The spatial details enable us to directly determine the vertical distributions of mean velocity, Reynolds shear stress, shear production and dissipation rates, energy spectra, and abundance of eddies. Focusing on cases with wave velocity of similar magnitude as the mean current, velocity profiles have logarithmic distributions in the upper half of the sample area. Below the log layer, but well above the bottom ripples, an inflection point appears, indicating a region of flow instability. Based on data interpretation, which includes variations in wave phase with height, this inflection occurs near the interface between current and thinner wave boundary layer (WBL) below it. Scaling of mean velocity profiles with shear velocity and characteristic roughness is effective only above the inflection point, while turbulence parameters scale reasonably well at all elevations. Instabilities associated with the inflection are manifested by a peak in turbulent shear production rate and a rapid increase in small-scale turbulence, as is evident from trends of the dissipation rate, energy spectra, and distribution of eddies with elevation. Therefore, the presence of a WBL generates a shear production peak and rapid increase in the dissipation rate at higher elevations than those found in rough-wall steady boundary layers. Transition between current and wave boundary layers is also characterized by broad Reynolds stress peaks and shear production exceeding the dissipation rate. C1 [Hackett, Erin E.; Osborn, Thomas R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nayak, Aditya R.; Katz, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Luznik, Luksa] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hackett, EE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 301 Olin Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM katz@jhu.edu RI Hang, Chen/H-5336-2011; Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010; OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473; Nayak, Aditya/0000-0002-2936-5607 FU NSF [OCE0648490]; ONR FX This research is sponsored by the NSF Physical Oceanography Program under grant OCE0648490. E. E. Hackett would like to also express gratitude to ONR for providing her with a NDSEG fellowship. The authors would also like to thank Yury Ronzhes, Stephen King, and the captain and crew of the R/V Hugh R. Sharp for their assistance during the field experiments. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C02022 DI 10.1029/2010JC006138 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 723QE UT WOS:000287521100001 ER PT J AU Koo, HC Kwon, JH Eom, J Chang, J Han, SH Johnson, M AF Koo, Hyun Cheol Kwon, Jae Hyun Eom, Jonghwa Chang, Joonyeon Han, Suk Hee Johnson, Mark TI Gate modulation of spin precession in a semiconductor channel SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Materials and Applications (ISAMMA) CY JUL 12-16, 2010 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP ASAKA RIKEN Co Ltd, Fujikin Incorporated, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Met Ltd, IZUMI-TEC Co Ltd, Miwa Electric Industrial Co Ltd, MIWA MFG Co Ltd, NEOARK Corp, Optima Corp, PRESTO Co Ltd, SHOWA DENKO K K, TAIYO YUDEN Co Ltd, TDK Corp, TEIJIN Ltd, Ube Mat Industries Ltd, ULVAC Inc, V TEX Corp, SENDAI TOURISM & CONVENT BUR, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Tohoku Univ Electro-Related Dept Global COE Program Ctr Educ & Res Informat Elect Syst, Murata Sci Fdn, Res Fdn Mat Sci, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Aoba Fdn Promot Engn ID NONCENTROSYMMETRIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ORBIT INTERACTION; INJECTION; HETEROSTRUCTURE; RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; ELECTRONS; CHARGE; METAL AB Gate control of spin precession is experimentally presented in an InAs quantum well with ferromagnetic spin injector and detector. The gate electric field modulates the spin-orbit interaction and spin precession. As a consequence, spin dependent conductance in the InAs channel is controlled by the gate voltage. Using ballistic spin transport theory, gate modulation results are proved to fit very well with gate voltage dependence of Rashba field strength. C1 [Koo, Hyun Cheol; Kwon, Jae Hyun; Chang, Joonyeon; Han, Suk Hee] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Nano Convergence Device Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Kwon, Jae Hyun] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Eom, Jonghwa] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Johnson, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koo, HC (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Nano Convergence Device Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM hckoo@kist.re.kr OI Koo, Hyun Cheol/0000-0001-5044-1355 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 6 SI SI AR 064006 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/44/6/064006 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 712IK UT WOS:000286659800007 ER PT J AU Capiro, NL Granbery, EK Lebron, CA Major, DW McMaster, ML Pound, MJ Loffler, FE Pennell, KD AF Capiro, Natalie L. Granbery, Emmie K. Lebron, Carmen A. Major, David W. McMaster, Michaye L. Pound, Michael J. Loeffler, Frank E. Pennell, Kurt D. TI Liquid-Liquid Mass Transfer of Partitioning Electron Donors in Chlorinated Solvent Source Zones SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID; SURFACTANT-ENHANCED SOLUBILIZATION; MICROBIAL REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; 2-SITE 2-REGION MODELS; NAPL SOURCE ZONE; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; RESIDUAL DODECANE; SOIL COLUMNS; TRACER TEST AB A combination of batch and column experiments evaluated the mass transfer of two candidate partitioning electron donors (PEDs), n-hexanol (nHex) and n-butyl acetate (nBA), for enhanced bioremediation of trichloroethene (TCE)-dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). Completely mixed batch reactor experiments yielded equilibrium TCE-DNAPL and water partition coefficients (K(NW)) for nHex and nBA of 21.7 +/- 0.27 and 330.43 +/- 6.7, respectively, over a range of initial PED concentrations up to the aqueous solubility limit of ca. 5000 mg/L. First order liquid liquid mass transfer rates determined in batch reactors with nBA or nHex concentrations near the aqueous solubility were 0.22 min(-1) and 0.11 min(-1), respectively. Liquid-liquid mass transfer under dynamic flow conditions was assessed in one-dimensional (1-D) abiotic columns packed with Federal Fine Ottawa sand containing a uniform distribution of residual TCE-DNAPL. Following pulse injection of PED solutions at pore-water velocities (v(p)) ranging from 1.2 to 6.0 m/day, effluent concentration measurements demonstrated that both nHex and nBA partitioned strongly into residual TCE-DNAPL with maximum effluent levels not exceeding 35% and 7%, respectively, of the applied concentrations of 4000 to 5000 mg/L. PEDs persisted at effluent concentrations above 5 mg/L for up to 16 and 80 pore volumes for nHex and nBA, respectively. Mathematical simulations yielded K(NW) values ranging from 44.7 to 48.2 and 247 to 291 and liquid-liquid mass transfer rates of 0.01 to 0.03 min(-1) and 0.001 to 0.006 min(-1) for nHex and nBA, respectively. The observed TCE-DNAPL and water mass transfer behavior suggests that a single PED injection can persist in a treated source zone for prolonged time periods, thereby reducing the need for, or frequency of, repeated electron donor injections to support bacteria that derive reducing equivalents for TCE reductive dechlorination from PED fermentation. C1 [Capiro, Natalie L.; Pennell, Kurt D.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Granbery, Emmie K.; Loeffler, Frank E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lebron, Carmen A.] USN, Facil Engn Command, Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. [Major, David W.; McMaster, Michaye L.] Geosyntec Consultants, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. [Pound, Michael J.] USN, Facil Engn Command SW, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Capiro, NL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Coll Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM natalie.capiro@tufts.edu; kurt.pennell@tufts.edu RI Capiro, Natalie/G-5955-2010; Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010; Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397; FU Sealaska Environmental Services, LLC; Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest [CTO-0015]; Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [ER-0716] FX The authors thank Gretell Otano and Namory Keita for their assistance with the experimental sampling and Jed Costanza for his technical assistance in developing analytical procedures. Funding for this research was provided by a subcontract through Sealaska Environmental Services, LLC, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest CTO-0015, and efforts were performed in support of the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program Project ER-0716: "Improving Effectiveness of Bioremediation at DNAPL Source Zone Sites by Applying Partitioning Electron Donors (PEDs)". NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1021/es102249x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718LI UT WOS:000287122400056 PM 21207963 ER PT J AU Klein, LW Miller, DL Goldstein, J Haines, D Balter, S Fairobent, L Norbash, A AF Klein, Lloyd W. Miller, Donald L. Goldstein, James Haines, David Balter, Stephen Fairobent, Lynne Norbash, Alexander CA Multispecialty Occupational Hlth TI The Catheterization Laboratory and Interventional Vascular Suite of the Future: Anticipating Innovations in Design and Function SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE imaging; integration; robotics; occupational health; cath lab design ID OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH HAZARDS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; SYSTEM; PATIENT; MRI C1 [Klein, Lloyd W.] Rush Med Coll, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Miller, Donald L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Miller, Donald L.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Goldstein, James; Haines, David] Beaumont Hosp, Dept Med, Royal Oak, MI USA. [Balter, Stephen] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Fairobent, Lynne] Amer Assoc Physicists Med, College Pk, MD USA. [Norbash, Alexander] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Klein, LW (reprint author), Rush Med Coll, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM lloydklein@comcast.net OI Norbash, Alexander/0000-0003-2986-2563 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1522-1946 J9 CATHETER CARDIO INTE JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 77 IS 3 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1002/ccd.22872 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 725QD UT WOS:000287659800022 PM 21328687 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Metzger, EJ Hogan, P AF Zamudio, Luis Metzger, E. Joseph Hogan, Patrick TI Modeling the seasonal and interannual variability of the northern Gulf of California salinity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID 1997-1998 EL-NINO; WATER MASS FORMATION; COLORADO RIVER; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; HYDROGRAPHY; WINTER; TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE; MEXICO AB The 7 years (2003-2009) of output from a regional version of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) nested in global HYCOM are used to study the seasonal and interannual variability of the salinity in the northern Gulf of California (NGOC). Previous studies illustrate that the NGOC is characterized by an annual evaporation of similar to 0.9 m/yr. This evaporation generates high-sea-surface-salinity (SSS) water, which reaches a maxima in the NGOC (>37) and decreases to similar to 35 toward the entrance of the Gulf of California. The NGOC surface water is interannually modulated by fluctuations in evaporation and by fluctuations in the low-salinity water transported into the region by poleward eastern boundary currents. The fluctuations in the transport of low-salinity water are linked to the arrival of equatorially originated coastally trapped waves. The crucial role of the transport of low-salinity water for the interannual variability of SSS is illustrated by the 2006 and 2008 fall seasons, which include the lowest simulated salinity of the period 2003-2009. The lowest salinity in 2006 and 2008 cannot be explained solely by evaporation because 2006 was characterized by the largest evaporation of the period 2003-2009. However, the presence of the lowest-salinity environment can be attributed to the evaporation in conjunction with the largest upper ocean transport of low-salinity water carried to the NGOC by the 2006 and 2008 coastally trapped waves intensified poleward eastern boundary currents. C1 [Zamudio, Luis] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Metzger, E. Joseph; Hogan, Patrick] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zamudio, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM luis.zamudio.ctr.mx@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This is a contribution to the projects Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides and Full Column Mixing for Numerical Ocean Models, both funded by the Office of Naval Research. The numerical simulations were performed as part of the Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides project using challenge and nonchallenge grants of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Office on the Cray XT5 computer at the Navy DOD Supercomputing Resource Center, Stennis Space Center. Thanks are extended to Alan Wallcraft (NRL) for his contribution in the development of HYCOM, Sergio Derada (NRL) who kindly provided the computer code used to extract the model points along the coast, Adriana Mateos and Jorge Zavala (UNAM) who kindly provided the computer code used to plot curly vectors, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This paper is the Naval Research Laboratory contribution number NRL/JA/7320-08-9049. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C02017 DI 10.1029/2010JC006631 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 723QB UT WOS:000287520800003 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Soto, CM Sapsford, KE Wilson, CD Moore, MH Ratna, BR AF Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Soto, Carissa M. Sapsford, Kim E. Wilson, Charmaine D. Moore, Martin H. Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Molecular electronics based nanosensors on a viral scaffold SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Molecular electronics; Self-assembly; Avidin-biotin; Electronic sensing; Nanoparticles ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOSCALE; WIRES; NANOPARTICLES; DEVICES; COMPLEX; SENSORS AB Assembling and interconnecting the building blocks of nanoscale devices and being able to electronically address or measure responses at the molecular level remains an important challenge for nanotechnology. Here we show the usefulness of bottom-up self-assembly for building electronic nanosensors from multiple components that have been designed to interact in a controlled manner. Cowpea mosaic virus was used as a scaffold to control the positions of gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were then interconnected using thiol-terminated conjugated organic molecules, resulting in a three-dimensional conductive network. Biotin molecules were attached to the virus scaffold using linkers to act as molecular receptors. We demonstrated that binding avidin to the biotin receptors on the self-assembled nanosensors causes a significant change in the network conductance that is dependent on the charge of the avidin protein. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Blum, Amy Szuchmacher] McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Blum, Amy Szuchmacher; Soto, Carissa M.; Moore, Martin H.; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Wilson, Charmaine D.] GEO Ctr Newton, Newton, MA USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Chem, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM amy.blum@mcgill.ca FU DARPA; Office of Naval Research, NRL FX This work was supported by funding from DARPA and the Office of Naval Research, NRL Early New Start Program. We thank Dr. Anju Chatterji and Professor John E. Johnson for providing cowpea mosaic virus samples, as well as Dr. Brad Boos and Dr. Robert Bass for providing the proximal probe electrode chips. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 2852 EP 2857 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2010.11.021 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 720JT UT WOS:000287277700007 PM 21185715 ER PT J AU Sanghera, J Frantz, J Kim, W Villalobos, G Baker, C Shaw, B Sadowski, B Hunt, M Miklos, F Lutz, A Aggarwal, I AF Sanghera, Jas Frantz, J. Kim, Woohong Villalobos, Guillermo Baker, Colin Shaw, Brandon Sadowski, Bryan Hunt, Michael Miklos, Fritz Lutz, Austin Aggarwal, Ishwar TI 10% Yb3+-Lu2O3 ceramic laser with 74% efficiency SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; CRYSTALS; YB-LU2O3; LU2O3 AB We demonstrate laser oscillation at 1080 nm with more than 16 W of output power and with an optical-to-optical slope efficiency of up to 74% using a 10% Yb3+ doped Lu2O3 ceramic made by hot pressing. This represents the highest output power and efficiency obtained for a Yb3+ doped Lu2O3 ceramic and demonstrates the feasibility for power scaling. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Sanghera, Jas; Frantz, J.; Kim, Woohong; Villalobos, Guillermo; Baker, Colin; Shaw, Brandon; Lutz, Austin; Aggarwal, Ishwar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Miklos, Fritz] GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Inst Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Sanghera, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 FU Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 4 BP 576 EP 578 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000576 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 721YX UT WOS:000287395500050 PM 21326461 ER PT J AU Spruce, JP Sader, S Ryan, RE Smoot, J Kuper, P Ross, K Prados, D Russell, J Gasser, G McKellip, R Hargrove, W AF Spruce, Joseph P. Sader, Steven Ryan, Robert E. Smoot, James Kuper, Philip Ross, Kenton Prados, Donald Russell, Jeffrey Gasser, Gerald McKellip, Rodney Hargrove, William TI Assessment of MODIS NDVI time series data products for detecting forest defoliation by gypsy moth outbreaks SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS NDVI time series data; Gypsy moth; Regional forest defoliation detection products; Defoliation classification accuracy; National forest threat early warning system; Temporal data processing ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; COVER CHANGE; COLOR COMPOSITES; DISTURBANCES; IMAGERY; WETNESS AB This paper discusses an assessment of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series data products for detecting forest defoliation from European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). This paper describes an effort to aid the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service in developing and assessing MODIS-based gypsy moth defoliation detection products and methods that could be applied in near real time without intensive field survey data collection as a precursor. In our study, MODIS data for 2000-2006 were processed for the mid-Appalachian highland region of the United States. Gypsy moth defoliation maps showing defoliated forests versus non-defoliated areas were produced from temporally filtered and composited MOD02 and MOD13 data using unsupervised classification and image thresholding of maximum value normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets computed for the defoliation period (June 10-July 27) of 2001 and of the entire time series. These products were validated by comparing stratified random sample locations to relevant Landsat and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) reference data sets. Composites of 250 m daily MOD02 outperformed 16-day MOD13 data in terms of classifying forest defoliation, showing a lower omission error rate (0.09 versus 0.56), a similar Kappa (0.67 versus 0.79), a comparable commission error rate (0.22 versus 0.14), and higher overall classification agreement (88 versus 79%). Results suggest that temporally processed MODIS time-series data can detect with good agreement to available reference data the extent and location of historical regional gypsy moth defoliation patches of 0.25 km(2) or more for 250-meter products. The temporal processing techniques used in this study enabled effective broad regional, "wall to wall" gypsy moth defoliation detection products for a 6.2 million ha region that were not produced previously with either MODIS or other satellite data. This study provides new, previously unavailable information on the relative agreement of temporally processed, gypsy moth defoliation detection products from MODIS NDVI time series data with respect to higher spatial resolution Landsat and ASTER data. These results also provided needed timely information on the potential of MODIS data for contributing near real time defoliation products to a USDA Forest Service Forest Threat Early Warning System. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Spruce, Joseph P.; Smoot, James; Kuper, Philip; Russell, Jeffrey] Comp Sci Corp, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Spruce, Joseph P.; Ryan, Robert E.; Smoot, James; Kuper, Philip; Prados, Donald] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Sader, Steven] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Ryan, Robert E.] Innovat Imaging & Res, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Ross, Kenton] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Russell, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gasser, Gerald] John C Stennis Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin Mission Serv, Civil Programs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [McKellip, Rodney] NASA, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Hargrove, William] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Spruce, JP (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM joseph.p.spruce@nasa.gov OI Ross, Kenton/0000-0002-6381-5894 FU NASA at the John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi [NNS04AB54T] FX Participation in this research by Science Systems and Applications, Inc. and Computer Sciences Corporation was supported by NASA at the John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, under Task Order NNS04AB54T. We thank Slawomir Blonski and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 714BS UT WOS:000286782500015 ER PT J AU Gutfleisch, O Willard, MA Bruck, E Chen, CH Sankar, SG Liu, JP AF Gutfleisch, Oliver Willard, Matthew A. Bruck, Ekkes Chen, Christina H. Sankar, S. G. Liu, J. Ping TI Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS; B PERMANENT-MAGNETS; ENTROPY CHANGE; MAGNETOCALORIC PROPERTIES; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; PROCESSING ROUTES; ELECTRIC-POWER; REFRIGERATION; ALLOYS; PERFORMANCE AB A new energy paradigm, consisting of greater reliance on renewable energy sources and increased concern for energy efficiency in the total energy life-cycle, has accelerated research into energy-related technologies. Due to their ubiquity, magnetic materials play an important role in improving the efficiency and performance of devices in electric power generation, conditioning, conversion, transportation, and other energy-use sectors of the economy. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art hard and soft magnets and magnetocaloric materials, with an emphasis on their optimization for energy applications. Specifically, the impact of hard magnets on electric motor and transportation technologies, of soft magnetic materials on electricity generation and conversion technologies, and of magnetocaloric materials for refrigeration technologies, are discussed. The synthesis, characterization, and property evaluation of the materials, with an emphasis on structure-property relationships, are discussed in the context of their respective markets, as well as their potential impact on energy efficiency. Finally, considering future bottlenecks in raw materials, options for the recycling of rare-earth intermetallics for hard magnets will be discussed. C1 [Gutfleisch, Oliver] IFW Dresden, Inst Metall Mat, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Willard, Matthew A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bruck, Ekkes] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. [Chen, Christina H.] Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sankar, S. G.] Adv Mat Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15220 USA. [Liu, J. Ping] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Gutfleisch, O (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Inst Metall Mat, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM o.gutfleisch@ifw-dresden.de RI Gutfleisch, Oliver/C-7241-2011; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Bruck, Ekkes/E-3365-2014; OI Gutfleisch, Oliver/0000-0001-8021-3839; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Bruck, Ekkes/0000-0002-5063-3338 FU DFG; BMBF; EU; NRL; ONR; DARPA; STW; FOM; NWO; US Air Force; ARO; NASA; NSF; US DOE; Naval Air Systems Command, Lakehurst, NJ; Pennsylvania's DEP; US/DoD/DARPA; University of Texas FX O.G. thanks the DFG, BMBF, EU, and various industrial partners for their financial support in the past twelve years to his research effort in advanced functional magnetic materials. M. A. W. thanks NRL, ONR, and DARPA for financial support to his research effort in magnetic materials. E. B. thanks the STW, FOM, and NWO for financial support. CHC thanks the US Air Force, ARO, DARPA, NASA, and NSF for their support in the past decade to her research effort in magnetic materials and computer simulations. S. G. S. acknowledges several grants and contracts from the US DOE, DARPA, ARO, Naval Air Systems Command, Lakehurst, NJ, and Pennsylvania's DEP. J.P.L. thanks the US/DoD/DARPA, ARO, ONR, NSF, and the University of Texas for their financial support in the past ten years to his research efforts in nanocomposite magnetic materials. NR 127 TC 539 Z9 553 U1 65 U2 545 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 7 BP 821 EP 842 DI 10.1002/adma.201002180 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 725TH UT WOS:000287668500003 PM 21294168 ER PT J AU Saenz, JW Sams, RW Jamieson, B AF Saenz, John Woodrow Sams, Richard W., II Jamieson, Barbara TI Treatment of Hyperhidrosis SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOXIN TYPE-A; PRIMARY AXILLARY HYPERHIDROSIS; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; PALMAR HYPERHIDROSIS; FOCAL HYPERHIDROSIS; BOTULINUM; EFFICACY; SAFETY C1 [Saenz, John Woodrow; Sams, Richard W., II] USN, Hosp Jacksonville Family Med Residency Program, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Jamieson, Barbara] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Saenz, JW (reprint author), USN, Hosp Jacksonville Family Med Residency Program, Jacksonville, FL USA. EM John.Saenz@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 BP 464 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979ZE UT WOS:000306862600017 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, N Stepenosky, J Medina, S Wessman, D Krause, D Boswell, G AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Stepenosky, James Medina, Sheila Wessman, Dylan Krause, David Boswell, Gilbert TI Clinically Significant Incidental Findings Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men During Computed Tomography for Determination of Coronary Artery Calcium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SIGNIFICANT NONCARDIAC FINDINGS; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; EXTRACARDIAC FINDINGS; PULMONARY NODULES; HIV; PREVALENCE; GYNECOMASTIA; ANGIOGRAPHY; DISEASE AB Those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease and might undergo computed tomographic (CT) scans for early, detection. Incidental findings on cardiac CT imaging are important components of the benefits and costs of testing. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with incidental findings on CT scans performed to screen for coronary artery calcium (CAC) among HIV-infected men. A clinically significant finding was defined as requiring additional workup or a medical referral. A total of 215 HIV-infected men were evaluated. Their median age was 43 years; 17% were current tobacco users; the median CD4 count was 580 cells/mm(3); and 83% were receiving antiretroviral medications. Also, 34% had a positive CAC score of > 0. An incidental finding was noted among 93 participants (43%), with 36 (17%) having >= 1 clinically significant finding. A total of 139 findings were noted, most commonly pulmonary nodules, followed by granulomas, scarring, and hilar adenopathy. Most of the incidental findings were stable on follow-up, and no malignancies were detected. The factors associated with the presence of an incidental finding in the multi-variate model included increasing age (odds ratio 1.6 per 10 years, p < 0.01), positive CAC score (odds ratio 2.3, p < 0.01), and current tobacco use (odds ratio 2.5, p = 0.02). In conclusion, incidental findings were common among HIV-infected men undergoing screening CT imaging for CAC determination. The incidental findings were more common among older patients and those with detectable CAC. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Am J Cardiol 2011;107:633-637) C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Medina, Sheila] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Medina, Sheila] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Stepenosky, James; Boswell, Gilbert] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Wessman, Dylan; Krause, David] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, N (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [YI-AI-5072] FX Support for this study (Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program-018) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project was funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, under Inter-Agency Agreement YI-AI-5072. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 4 BP 633 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.026 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 728RL UT WOS:000287892100025 PM 21195379 ER PT J AU Friedman, AL Chun, H Heiman, D Jung, YJ Menon, L AF Friedman, Adam L. Chun, Hyunkyung Heiman, Don Jung, Yung Joon Menon, Latika TI Investigation of electrical transport in hydrogenated multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Electrical transport; Ferromagnetism; Carbon ID COULOMB BLOCKADE AB Highly disordered multiwalled carbon nanotubes of large outer diameter (similar to 60 nm) fabricated by means of chemical vapor deposition process inside porous alumina templates exhibit ferromagnetism when annealed in a H-2/Ar atmosphere. In the presence of an applied magnetic field, there is a transition from positive to negative magnetoresistance. The transition may be explained in terms of the Bright model for ordered and disordered carbon structures. Additionally, temperature dependent electrical transport experiments exhibit a zero-bias anomaly at low temperature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Friedman, Adam L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Friedman, Adam L.; Heiman, Don; Menon, Latika] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chun, Hyunkyung; Jung, Yung Joon] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Friedman, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM adam.friedman.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011; Jung, Yung Joon/L-2032-2013 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432; FU NSF [ECCS-0551468] FX The authors acknowledge support from NSF CAREER Grant ECCS-0551468. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 406 IS 4 BP 841 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2010.12.009 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 726JO UT WOS:000287717100023 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, J Hafizi, B Gordon, D Gold, S Ting, A Mitchell, C AF Sprangle, Phillip Penano, Joseph Hafizi, Bahman Gordon, Daniel Gold, Steven Ting, Antonio Mitchell, Chad TI High average current electron guns for high-power free electron lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY RECOVERY LINACS; INJECTOR DESIGNS; EMISSION; BEAMS AB High average power free-electron lasers (FELs) require high average current electron injectors capable of generating high quality, short duration electron bunches with a repetition rate equal to the frequency of the rf linac. In this paper we propose, analyze, and simulate an rf-gated, gridded thermionic electron gun for use in high average power FELs. Thermionic cathodes can provide the necessary high current, have long lifetimes, and require modest vacuums. In the proposed configuration the rf-gated grid is modulated at the fundamental and 3rd harmonic of the linac frequency. The addition of the 3rd harmonic on the grid results in shorter electron bunches. In this configuration, every rf bucket of the linac accelerating field contains an electron bunch. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that this approach can provide the necessary charge per bunch, bunch duration, longitudinal and transverse emittance, and repetition rate for high average power FELs operating in the IR regime. C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Penano, Joseph; Hafizi, Bahman; Gordon, Daniel; Gold, Steven; Ting, Antonio; Mitchell, Chad] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX The authors are grateful to Professor P. Serafim for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. C. Mitchell is supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 14 IS 2 AR 020702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.020702 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 721RB UT WOS:000287371300001 ER PT J AU Cramer, JA Begue, NJ Morris, RE AF Cramer, Jeffrey A. Begue, Nathan J. Morris, Robert E. TI Improved peak selection strategy for automatically determining minute compositional changes in fuels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, GCMS); Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC); Analysis of variance (ANOVA); Peak selection; Microbiological contamination (MBC); Diesel fuel ID PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GC-MS; RESOLUTION; PARAFAC; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB During the development of automated computational methods to detect minute compositional changes in fuels, it became apparent that peak selection through the spectral deconvolution of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data is limited by the complexity and noise levels inherent in the data. Specifically, current techniques are not capable of detecting minute, chemically relevant compositional differences with sufficient sensitivity. Therefore, an alternative peak selection strategy was developed based on spectral interpretation through interval-oriented parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). It will be shown that this strategy outperforms the deconvolution-based peak selection strategy as well as two control strategies. Successful application of the PARAFAC-based method to detect minute chemical changes produced during microbiological growth in four different inoculated diesel fuels will be discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cramer, Jeffrey A.; Begue, Nathan J.; Morris, Robert E.] USN, Res Lab, Chem Sensing & Fuel Technol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cramer, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Sensing & Fuel Technol Sect, Code 6181,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.cramer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for their funding and support. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 1218 IS 6 BP 824 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.037 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 719BV UT WOS:000287175300009 PM 21211800 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Wang, Y Laszlo, I Kahn, R Korkin, S Remer, L Levy, R Reid, JS AF Lyapustin, A. Wang, Y. Laszlo, I. Kahn, R. Korkin, S. Remer, L. Levy, R. Reid, J. S. TI Multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC): 2. Aerosol algorithm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OPTICAL DEPTH; RETRIEVAL; MODIS; LAND; VALIDATION; AERONET; PRODUCTS; NETWORK AB An aerosol component of a new multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm is presented. MAIAC is a generic algorithm developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which performs aerosol retrievals and atmospheric correction over both dark vegetated surfaces and bright deserts based on a time series analysis and image-based processing. The MAIAC look-up tables explicitly include surface bidirectional reflectance. The aerosol algorithm derives the spectral regression coefficient (SRC) relating surface bidirectional reflectance in the blue (0.47 mu m) and shortwave infrared (2.1 mu m) bands; this quantity is prescribed in the MODIS operational Dark Target algorithm based on a parameterized formula. The MAIAC aerosol products include aerosol optical thickness and a fine-mode fraction at resolution of 1 km. This high resolution, required in many applications such as air quality, brings new information about aerosol sources and, potentially, their strength. AERONET validation shows that the MAIAC and MOD04 algorithms have similar accuracy over dark and vegetated surfaces and that MAIAC generally improves accuracy over brighter surfaces due to the SRC retrieval and explicit bidirectional reflectance factor characterization, as demonstrated for several U. S. West Coast AERONET sites. Due to its generic nature and developed angular correction, MAIAC performs aerosol retrievals over bright deserts, as demonstrated for the Solar Village Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site in Saudi Arabia. C1 [Lyapustin, A.; Kahn, R.; Remer, L.] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Laszlo, I.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Levy, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Aerosol & Radiat Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lyapustin, A.; Wang, Y.; Korkin, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MC 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359 FU NASA; NOAA GOES-R; EOS-MISR; Office of Naval Research [322] FX The research of A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang, and S. Korkin was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (D. Wickland) and NASA Applications Program (L. Friedl and B. Doorn) and in part by the NOAA GOES-R program (M. Goldberg). The work of R. Kahn is supported in part by NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program, under H. Maring, NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program, and the EOS-MISR Project. The contribution of R. Levy and L. Remer to this work is supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program (H. Maring). J. Reid's contribution was supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 322. This work strongly benefited from multiple discussions with our AERONET and NASA GSFC colleagues (A. Marshak, B. Holben, A. Sinuyk, A. Smirnov, I. Slutsker, and M. Sorokin). We are grateful to AERONET team for use of their data. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D03211 DI 10.1029/2010JD014986 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721AA UT WOS:000287322600005 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Borowski, W Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kizka, V Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Lukashov, EV Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nayak, TK Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Ruan, L Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbk, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kizka, V. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Lukashov, E. V. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nayak, T. K. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Ruan, L. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A. Varma, R., Jr. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbk, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the Parity-Violating Longitudinal Single-Spin Asymmetry for W-+/- Boson Production in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=500 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; DISTRIBUTIONS; PHYSICS AB We report the first measurement of the parity-violating single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity decay positrons and electrons from W+ and W- boson production in longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions at root s = 500 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The measured asymmetries, A(L)(W+) = -0.27 +/- 0.10(stat.) +/- 0.02(syst.) +/- 0.03(norm.) and A(L)(W-) = 0.14 +/- 0.19(stat.) +/- 0.02(syst.) +/- 0.01(norm.), are consistent with theory predictions, which are large and of opposite sign. These predictions are based on polarized quark and antiquark distribution functions constrained by polarized deep-inelastic scattering measurements. C1 [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbk, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R., Jr.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Kechechyan, A.; Kizka, V.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kumar, L.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. 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[Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Zhang, J. B.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179 FU RHIC Operations Group at BNL; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC of China; CAS of China; MoST of China; MoE of China; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed.; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. Of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. We are grateful to D. de Florian, P. Nadolsky, and W. Vogelsang for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. Of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 6 AR 062002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.062002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 721LV UT WOS:000287357100008 PM 21405460 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Costamante, L Cutini, S D'Ammando, F Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashi, K Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Khangulyan, D Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Romani, RW Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Wang, P Wood, KS Yang, Z Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Celik, O. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashi, K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Khangulyan, D. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Romani, R. W. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Wang, P. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ziegler, M. TI Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; HIGH-ENERGY; SYNCHROTRON NEBULA; INVERSE COMPTON; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; POLARIZATION; RADIATION; SPECTRUM AB A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 x 10(-2) parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. 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[Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. 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[Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Khangulyan, D.; Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.; Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Yang, Z.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Blandford, RD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rdb3@stanford.edu; buehler@stanford.edu; funk@slac.stanford.edu RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU NASA; U.S. Department of Energy in the United States; CEA/IRFU; IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI; INFN in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); JAXA in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy in the United States; CEA/IRFU and IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI and INFN in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and JAXA in Japan; and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. L.T. was partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics program. NR 39 TC 159 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6018 BP 739 EP 742 DI 10.1126/science.1199705 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 719LH UT WOS:000287205700062 PM 21212321 ER PT J AU Torok, T Chandra, R Pariat, E Demoulin, P Schmieder, B Aulanier, G Linton, MG Mandrini, CH AF Toeroek, T. Chandra, R. Pariat, E. Demoulin, P. Schmieder, B. Aulanier, G. Linton, M. G. Mandrini, C. H. TI FILAMENT INTERACTION MODELED BY FLUX ROPE RECONNECTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; Sun: corona; Sun: filaments, prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVE-REGION; TUBES; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; TOPOLOGY; LOOP; CONFIGURATION AB H alpha observations of solar active region NOAA 10501 on 2003 November 20 revealed a very uncommon dynamic process: during the development of a nearby flare, two adjacent elongated filaments approached each other, merged at their middle sections, and separated again, thereby forming stable configurations with new footpoint connections. The observed dynamic pattern is indicative of "slingshot" reconnection between two magnetic flux ropes. We test this scenario by means of a three-dimensional zero beta magnetohydrodynamic simulation, using a modified version of the coronal flux rope model by Titov and Demoulin as the initial condition for the magnetic field. To this end, a configuration is constructed that contains two flux ropes which are oriented side-by-side and are embedded in an ambient potential field. The choice of the magnetic orientation of the flux ropes and of the topology of the potential field is guided by the observations. Quasi-static boundary flows are then imposed to bring the middle sections of the flux ropes into contact. After sufficient driving, the ropes reconnect and two new flux ropes are formed, which now connect the former adjacent flux rope footpoints of opposite polarity. The corresponding evolution of filament material is modeled by calculating the positions of field line dips at all times. The dips follow the morphological evolution of the flux ropes, in qualitative agreement with the observed filaments. C1 [Toeroek, T.; Chandra, R.; Pariat, E.; Demoulin, P.; Schmieder, B.; Aulanier, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Toeroek, T.] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Chandra, R.] Kumaun Univ, Dept Phys, Naini Tal 263002, Uttarakhand, India. [Linton, M. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mandrini, C. H.] UBA, CONICET, IAFE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Mandrini, C. H.] UBA, FCEN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Torok, T (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. OI Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 FU European Commission [218816, MTRM-CT-2006-035484]; NASA; Centre Franco-Indien pour la Promotion de la Recherche Avancee (CEFIPRA); UBACyT Argentina [X127]; ANPCyT Argentina [PICT 2007-1790]; ONR; NASA [NNO6AD58I]; ECOS-Sud (France); MINCyT (Argentina) [A08U01] FX We thank V. S. Titov and the anonymous referee for helpful comments. We also thank W. Uddin for his contribution in obtaining the Halpha data shown in Figure 1. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement n 218816 (SOTERIA project, http://www.soteria-space.eu). Financial support by the European Commission through the SOLAIRE network (MTRM-CT-2006-035484) is also gratefully acknowledged. T.T. was partially supported by the NASA HTP and LWS programs. R.C. thanks the Centre Franco-Indien pour la Promotion de la Recherche Avancee (CEFIPRA) for his postdoctoral grant. The authors acknowledge financial support from CEFIPRA. C.H.M. thanks the Argentinean grants UBACyT X127 and PICT 2007-1790 (ANPCyT). C.H.M. is a member of the Carrera del Investigador Cientifico, CONICET. M.G.L acknowledges financial support from ONR and NASA grant NNO6AD58I, and thanks LESIA for hosting him during the 2010/11 academic year. The authors acknowledge financial support from ECOS-Sud (France) and MINCyT (Argentina) through their cooperative science program (No A08U01). NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 1 AR 65 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/65 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712GY UT WOS:000286655500065 ER PT J AU Wilson, TL Muders, D Dumke, M Henkel, C Kawamura, JH AF Wilson, T. L. Muders, D. Dumke, M. Henkel, C. Kawamura, Jonathan H. TI THE SUBMILLIMETER J=6-5 LINE OF (CO)-C-13 IN ORION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual objects (Orion BN/KL, Orion Hot Core); ISM: jets and outflows; ISM: molecules; stars: early-type; submillimeter: stars ID HEINRICH-HERTZ-TELESCOPE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; APERTURE SYNTHESIS; KLEINMANN-LOW; HOT CORE; EMISSION; STAR; KL; NEBULA; OMC-1 AB We present a fully sampled map covering the Orion Hot Core and dense molecular ridge, in the submillimeter J = 6-5 rotational transition of (CO)-C-13, at lambda = 0.45 mm with a resolution of 13 '' and 0.5 km s(-1). The map covers 3' by 2'. The profile centered on the Hot Core peaks at 8.5 km s(-1) and has a peak intensity of 40 K, corrected antenna temperature. It shows line wings from 30 km s(-1) to -20 km s(-1). The map of intensity, integrated from 0 to +18 km s(-1), shows a prominent maximum <5 '' from the center of the Orion Hot Core. The FWHP is 37 '' larger than the regions containing complex molecules. Single dish measurements of lines from the J = 2-1 or J = 1-0 transitions of CO isotopes show no such distinct maximum. Correcting for tau = 1.5 in the J = 6-5 line of (CO)-C-13, and assuming that the level populations are thermalized at 150 K, the beam-averaged column density between 0 to +18 km s(-1) is N((CO)-C-13) = 6.8 x 10(17) cm(-2) and N(CO) = 5.2 x 10(19) cm(-2). When combined with published dust emission data, the CO/H-2 number ratio is 2 x 10(-5), a factor of similar to 5 lower than the canonical value, 10(-4). For the Orion South and Orion Ridge region, the column density of CO is <25% of that found for the Hot Core but CO/H-2 ratios are similar. Models of photon dominated regions, PDRs, predict that CO lines from PDRs are only marginally optically thick. Thus, our map traces warm and dense molecular gas rather than PDRs. C1 [Wilson, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muders, D.; Henkel, C.] Max Planck Inst F Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Dumke, M.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Kawamura, Jonathan H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.wilson@nrl.navy.mil FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank M. Wolfire for advice about the interpretation of PDR emission in regard to 13CO. We also thank an anonymous referee for a careful and critical reading of the draft. J.K.'s work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 1 AR 61 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/61 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712GY UT WOS:000286655500061 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI On the generation of large-scale structures in a homogeneous eddy field SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE instability; ocean processes; vortex interactions ID MULTIPLE ZONAL JETS; STRATIFIED KOLMOGOROV FLOW; BETA-PLANE; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CELLULAR FLOWS; MODEL; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; OCEANS AB An analytical theory is developed which illustrates dynamics of the spontaneous generation of large-scale structures in the unforced two-dimensional eddying flows. The eddy field is represented by the closely packed array of standing coherent vortices whose intensity is weakly modulated by the long-wavelength perturbations introduced into the system. The asymptotic multiscale analysis makes it possible to identify instabilities resulting from the positive feedback of the background eddies on large-scale perturbations. Initially, these instabilities amplify at a rate proportional to the square root of their wavenumber. Linear growth is arrested when the amplitude of the long-wavelength perturbations reaches the level of background eddies. The subsequent evolutionary pattern is characterized by the emergence of relatively sharp features in the large-scale streamfunction field features suggestive of the coherent jets commonly observed in eddying geophysical flows. The proposed solutions differ substantially from their counterparts in forced-dissipative systems, exemplified by the canonical model of Kolmogorov flow. The asymptotic model is successfully tested against numerical simulations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0623524] FX The author thanks N. Balmforth, P. Berloff, I. Kamenkovich, W. Young and reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (grant OCE 0623524) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 668 BP 76 EP 99 DI 10.1017/S0022112010004568 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 725GZ UT WOS:000287634500005 ER PT J AU Gracia-Carpio, J Sturm, E Hailey-Dunsheath, S Fischer, J Contursi, A Poglitsch, A Genzel, R Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Sternberg, A Verma, A Christopher, N Davies, R Feuchtgruber, H de Jong, JA Lutz, D Tacconi, LJ AF Gracia-Carpio, J. Sturm, E. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Fischer, J. Contursi, A. Poglitsch, A. Genzel, R. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Sternberg, A. Verma, A. Christopher, N. Davies, R. Feuchtgruber, H. de Jong, J. A. Lutz, D. Tacconi, L. J. TI FAR-INFRARED LINE DEFICITS IN GALAXIES WITH EXTREME L-FIR/M-H2 RATIOS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: starburst; infrared: ISM ID STAR-FORMATION; INTERACTING GALAXIES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR GAS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; EMISSION; HERSCHEL; SPECTROSCOPY; PACS; DIAGNOSTICS AB We report initial results from the far-infrared fine structure line observations of a sample of 44 local starbursts, Seyfert galaxies, and infrared luminous galaxies obtained with the PACS spectrometer on board Herschel. We show that the ratio between the far-infrared luminosity and the molecular gas mass, L-FIR/M-H2, is a much better proxy for the relative brightness of the far-infrared lines than L-FIR alone. Galaxies with high L-FIR/M-H2 ratios tend to have weaker fine structure lines relative to their far-infrared continuum than galaxies with L-FIR/M-H2 less than or similar to 80L(circle dot) M-circle dot(-1). A deficit of the [C II] 158 mu m line relative to L-FIR was previously found with the Infrared Space Observatory, but now we show for the first time that this is a general aspect of all far-infrared fine structure lines, regardless of their origin in the ionized or neutral phase of the interstellar medium. The L-FIR/M-H2 value where these line deficits start to manifest is similar to the limit that separates between the two modes of star formation recently found in galaxies on the basis of studies of their gas-star formation relations. Our finding that the properties of the interstellar medium are also significantly different in these regimes provides independent support for the different star-forming relations in normal disk galaxies and major merger systems. We use the spectral synthesis code Cloudy to model the emission of the lines. The expected increase of the ionization parameter with L-FIR/M-H2 can simultaneously explain the line deficits in the [C II], [N II], and [O I] lines. C1 [Gracia-Carpio, J.; Sturm, E.; Hailey-Dunsheath, S.; Contursi, A.; Poglitsch, A.; Genzel, R.; Davies, R.; Feuchtgruber, H.; de Jong, J. A.; Lutz, D.; Tacconi, L. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Verma, A.; Christopher, N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Gracia-Carpio, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM jgracia@mpe.mpg.de FU BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT(Spain); US ONR; NHSC FX We thank the referee, Greg Bothun, for his comments and suggestions, which helped to clarify the Letter. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT(Spain). Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR; J.F. also acknowledges support from the NHSC. E. G.-A. is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 30 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 1 AR L7 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/728/1/L7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 711WV UT WOS:000286623000007 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Kimber, SAJ Argyriou, DN AF Mazin, I. I. Kimber, Simon A. J. Argyriou, Dimitri N. TI Quasiparticle interference in antiferromagnetic parent compounds of iron-based superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MOTT INSULATOR; STATE AB Recently reported quasiparticle interference imaging in underdoped Ca(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 shows pronounced C-2 asymmetry, which is interpreted as an indication of an electronic nematic phase with a unidirectional electron band, dispersive predominantly along the b axis of this orthorhombic material. On the other hand, even more recent transport measurements on untwinned samples show near isotropy of the resistivity in the ab plane, with slightly larger conductivity along a (and not b). We show that, in fact, both sets of data are consistent with the calculated ab initio Fermi surfaces, which have a decisively broken C-4 and yet similar Fermi velocity in both directions. This reconciles completely the apparent contradiction between the conclusions of the scanning tunneling microscopy and the transport experiments. C1 [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kimber, Simon A. J.; Argyriou, Dimitri N.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, DE-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; OI Kimber, Simon/0000-0003-0489-1851 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 AR 052501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.052501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 718NI UT WOS:000287129700001 ER PT J AU Schwitters, M Martin, DS Unsworth, P Farrell, T Butler, JE Marsili, M Pulci, O Weightman, P AF Schwitters, M. Martin, D. S. Unsworth, P. Farrell, T. Butler, J. E. Marsili, M. Pulci, O. Weightman, P. TI Contribution of steps to optical properties of vicinal diamond (100):H surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ANISOTROPY SPECTROSCOPY; SI(001) SURFACES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; FILMS; GROWTH; ORIENTATION; SENSITIVITY; HYDROGEN AB We apply reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) to high-quality atomically smooth H/C(100) 2 x 1 surfaces. The optical signal of the H/C(100) 0 degrees flat surface, and of the H/C(100) 2 degrees and H/C(100) 4 degrees vicinal surfaces, is investigated in terms of single and double steps. A comparison of experimental and theoretical results obtained from ab initio calculations shows that, in the energy range considered (1-5 eV), the RAS response can be interpreted in terms of single height S-B and double height D-A steps. C1 [Schwitters, M.; Martin, D. S.; Unsworth, P.; Farrell, T.; Weightman, P.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Schwitters, M.; Martin, D. S.; Unsworth, P.; Farrell, T.; Weightman, P.] Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Marsili, M.; Pulci, O.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, CNR INFM NAST, ETSF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Schwitters, M (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU De Beers Diamond Research Committee; European Community [211956, 306] FX MS and PW would like to acknowledge the De Beers Diamond Research Committee for the award of a PhD studentship. OP and MM acknowledge CPU time granted on CINECA, ENEA-CRESCO, and CASPUR supercomputer centers. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 211956 (ETSF user project no. 306). NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 8 AR 085402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.085402 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 718NZ UT WOS:000287131900006 ER PT J AU Polisensky, E Ricotti, M AF Polisensky, Emil Ricotti, Massimo TI Constraints on the dark matter particle mass from the number of Milky Way satellites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; GAUSSIAN RANDOM-FIELDS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 1ST BLACK-HOLES; DWARF GALAXIES; STERILE NEUTRINOS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; ROTATION CURVE; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; GALACTIC SATELLITES AB We have conducted N-body simulations of the growth of Milky Way-sized halos in cold and warm dark matter cosmologies. The number of dark matter satellites in our simulated Milky Ways decreases with decreasing mass of the dark matter particle. Assuming that the number of dark matter satellites exceeds or equals the number of observed satellites of the Milky Way, we derive lower limits on the dark matter particle mass. We find with 95% confidence m(s) > 13.3 keV for a sterile neutrino produced by the Dodelson and Widrow mechanism, m(s) > 8: 9 keV for the Shi and Fuller mechanism, m(s) > 3.0 keV for the Higgs decay mechanism, and m(WDM) > 2.3 keV for a thermal dark matter particle. The recent discovery of many new dark matter dominated satellites of the Milky Way in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey allows us to set lower limits comparable to constraints from the complementary methods of Lyman-alpha forest modeling and x-ray observations of the unresolved cosmic x-ray background and of dark matter halos from dwarf galaxy to cluster scales. Future surveys like LSST, DES, PanSTARRS, and SkyMapper have the potential to discover many more satellites and further improve constraints on the dark matter particle mass. C1 [Polisensky, Emil] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Polisensky, Emil; Ricotti, Massimo] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20745 USA. RP Polisensky, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM emilp@astro.umd.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory FX It is our pleasure to thank Alexander Kusenko, Kev Abazajian, Signe Riemer-Sorensen, Oleg Ruchayskiy, Maxim Khlopov, H.J. de Vega, N.G. Sanchez, and Salucci Paolo for helpful discussions, comments, and suggestions. Emil Polisensky acknowledges support under the Edison Memorial Graduate Training Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 127 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 7 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 043506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.83.043506 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 717HV UT WOS:000287035200004 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Jahraus, WI Sims, JM MacArthur, AHR AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Jahraus, Wesley I. Sims, Jessica M. MacArthur, Amy H. Roy TI An H-1 NMR investigation into the loci of solubilization of 4-nitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in nonionic surfactant micelles SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE Aggregation number; Tritons; Tergitols; Brij; Nitroaromatics; NMR ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; TRITON X-100; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES; CONTAMINATED SOIL; ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SELF-DIFFUSION; NMR AB In this study, the enhancement in solubility of 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and their loci of solubilization were determined in nonionic surfactant solutions containing linear alcohol ethoxylates (Brij-35, Brij-58. Brij-78, Brij-97 and Brij-98), alkylphenol ethoxylates (Tergitol NP-8 to NP-40), and octylphenol ethoxylates (Triton X-100, X-165, and X-305). In all surfactant solutions, 4-NT had the highest molar solubilization ratio (MSR) and TNT the lowest. For all surfactants, increasing the number of ethoxylate groups (EO) while keeping the hydrocarbon chain length constant decreased or did not significantly change the MSR. To determine the locus of solubilizadon. H-1 NMR spectroscopy was used to determine how the presence of a nitroaromatic solute changed the chemical shifts of the various hydrogen atoms on the surfactant molecule. For the linear alcohol ethoxylates, the greatest change in chemical shift for all three nitroarenes occurred at hydrogens in the hydrocarbon core of the micelle. At higher solute concentration, the nitroarenes spread to the first EO group near the core/shell interface. For both the Tritons and Tergitols, the chemical shift for a hydrogen on the phenyl ring changed the most upon the addition of the nitroarenes. As the nitroarene concentration increased, the chemical shifts for the hydrogens on the first DO group changed for all Triton and Tergitol surfactants. For all surfactants with shorter EO chains, the shifts for all ethoxylate hydrogens changed at higher nitroarene concentration. These results suggest that the solutes are preferentially solubilized at the core/shell interface but spread further into the shell and the core as solute concentration increases. Published by Elsevier By. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu; flynavywj@gmail.com; abide3687@gmail.com; macarthu@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Jackie Brown for her assistance in maintaining the HPLC and the NMR, and the Office of Naval Research for their financial support. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD FEB 5 PY 2011 VL 375 IS 1-3 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.11.017 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 720MT UT WOS:000287285500002 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Borowski, W Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kizka, V Klein, SR Knospe, AG Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Lukashov, EV Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nayak, TK Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pei, H Peitzmann, T Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Steadman, SG Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Witzke, W Wu, YF Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kizka, V. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Lukashov, E. V. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nayak, T. K. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pei, H. Peitzmann, T. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Steadman, S. G. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Witzke, W. Wu, Y. F. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Strange and multistrange particle production in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=62.4 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; HADRON-PRODUCTION; AU+AU COLLISIONS; FREEZE-OUT; STAR; SPS AB We present results on strange and multistrange particle production in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 62.4 GeV as measured with the STAR detector at RHIC. Midrapidity transverse momentum spectra and integrated yields of K-S(0), Lambda, Xi, and Omega and their antiparticles are presented for different centrality classes. The particle yields and ratios follow a smooth energy dependence. Chemical freeze-out parameters, temperature, baryon chemical potential, and strangeness saturation factor obtained from the particle yields are presented. Intermediate transverse momentum (p(T)) phenomena are discussed based on the ratio of the measured baryon-to-meson spectra and nuclear modification factor. 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[Borowski, W.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Speltz, J.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Trentalange, S.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Trainor, T. A.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Zhang, J. B.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; FU RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil [CNRS/IN2P3]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; the US NSF; the Sloan Foundation; the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3, the FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB 4 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 AR 024901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.024901 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 716OB UT WOS:000286982200001 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP Nathan, TR Cordero, EC AF McCormack, J. P. Nathan, T. R. Cordero, E. C. TI The effect of zonally asymmetric ozone heating on the Northern Hemisphere winter polar stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODELS; NWP AB Previous modeling studies have found significant differences in winter extratropical stratospheric temperatures depending on the presence or absence of zonally asymmetric ozone heating (ZAOH), yet the physical mechanism causing these differences has not been fully explained. The present study describes the effect of ZAOH on the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere using an ensemble of free-running atmospheric general circulation model simulations over the 1 December - 31 March period. We find that the simulations including ZAOH produce a significantly warmer and weaker stratospheric polar vortex in mid-February due to more frequent major stratospheric sudden warmings compared to the simulations using only zonal mean ozone heating. This is due to regions of enhanced Eliassen-Palm flux convergence found in the region between 40 degrees N-70 degrees N latitude and 10-0.05 hPa. These results are consistent with changes in the propagation of planetary waves in the presence of ZAOH predicted by an ozone-modified refractive index. Citation: McCormack, J. P., T. R. Nathan, and E. C. Cordero (2011), The effect of zonally asymmetric ozone heating on the Northern Hemisphere winter polar stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L03802, doi:10.1029/2010GL045937. C1 [McCormack, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nathan, T. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Atmospher Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cordero, E. C.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP McCormack, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.mccormack@nrl.navy.mil RI Nathan, Terrence/F-5958-2011; OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA [NNH08AI67I]; NSF [ATM-0733698, ATM-0449996]; NASA/NRL [NNH08AI67I] FX We thank John Albers helpful discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. JPM was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and in part by the NASA Heliophysics Living With a Star Program award NNH08AI67I. TRN was supported in part by NSF grant ATM-0733698 and by NASA/NRL grant NNH08AI67I. ECC was supported by NSF's Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program, grant ATM-0449996. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L03802 DI 10.1029/2010GL045937 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 717JA UT WOS:000287038300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Guan, YB Shender, B Paskoff, G Laud, P AF Zhang, Jiangyue Yoganandan, Narayan Pintar, Frank A. Guan, Yabo Shender, Barry Paskoff, Glenn Laud, Purushottam TI Effects of tissue preservation temperature on high strain-rate material properties of brain SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Brain tissue; High strain-rate; Material properties; Postmortem; Tissue preservation ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TERRORIST BOMBINGS; BLAST INJURY; HEAD-INJURY; SHEAR; MODEL; CASUALTIES; EXPLOSION; STEM AB Postmortem preservation conditions may be one of factors contributing to wide material property variations in brain tissues in literature. The objective of present study was to determine the effects of preservation temperatures on high strain-rate material properties of brain tissues using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Porcine brains were harvested immediately after sacrifice, sliced into 2 mm thickness, preserved in ice cold (group A, 10 samples) and 37 degrees C (group B, 9 samples) saline solution and warmed to 37 degrees C just prior to the test. A SHPB with tube aluminum transmission bar and semiconductor strain gauges were used to enhance transmitted wave signals. Data were gathered using a digital acquisition system and processed to obtain stress-strain curves. All tests were conducted within 4 h postmortem. The mean strain-rate was 2487 +/- 72 s(-1). A repeated measures model with specimen-level random effects was used to analyze log transformed stress-strain responses through the entire loading range. The mean stress-strain curves with +/- 95% confidence bands demonstrated typical power relationships with the power value of 2.4519 (standard error, 0.0436) for group A and 2.2657 (standard error, 0.0443) for group B, indicating that responses for the two groups are significantly different. Stresses and tangent moduli rose with increasing strain levels in both groups. These findings indicate that storage temperatures affected brain tissue material properties and preserving tissues at 37 degrees C produced a stiffer response at high strain-rates. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate material properties obtained from appropriately preserved tissues to accurately predict the responses of brain using stress analyses models, such as finite element simulations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Jiangyue; Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Guan, Yabo] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Laud, Purushottam] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Biostat, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry; Paskoff, Glenn] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM jyzhang918@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division [N00421-06-C-0046]; VA Medical Research FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division contract N00421-06-C-0046 and VA Medical Research. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.024 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 724BL UT WOS:000287551000005 PM 21055756 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Best, RB Mittal, J AF Kim, Youngchan Best, Robert B. Mittal, Jeetain TI Bind'NGO: Flexible Docking Model for Multiprotein Complexes with Intrinsically Disordered Segments SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 05-09, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 [Kim, Youngchan] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Best, Robert B.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Mittal, Jeetain] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Best, Robert/H-7588-2016 OI Best, Robert/0000-0002-7893-3543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 2 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 SU 1 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 972PF UT WOS:000306288601457 ER PT J AU Weber, PW Howle, LE Murray, MM Corless, JM AF Weber, Paul W. Howle, Laurens E. Murray, Mark M. Corless, Joseph M. TI A Simplified Mass-Transfer Model for Visual Pigments in Amphibian Retinal-Cone Outer Segments SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MEMBRANE CRYSTALS; TERMINAL LOOP REGION; DISK MEMBRANES; DISTAL INVAGINATIONS; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; LATERAL DIFFUSION; RENEWAL; FROG; MORPHOGENESIS; PROTEIN AB When radiolabeled precursors and autoradiography are used to investigate turnover of protein components in photoreceptive cone outer segments (COSs), the labeled components primarily visual pigment molecules (opsins)-are diffusely distributed along the COS. To further assess this COS labeling pattern, we derive a simplified mass-transfer model for quantifying the contributions of advective and diffusive mechanisms to the distribution of opsins within COSs of the frog retina. Two opsin-containing regions of the COS are evaluated: the core axial array of disks and the plasmalemma. Numerical solutions of the mass-transfer model indicate three distinct stages of system evolution. In the first stage, plasmalemma diffusion is dominant. In the second stage, the plasmalemma density reaches a metastable state and transfer between the plasmalemma and disk region occurs, which is followed by an increase in density that is qualitatively similar for both regions. The final stage consists of both regions slowly evolving to the steady-state solution. Our results indicate that autoradiographic and cognate approaches for tracking labeled opsins in the COS cannot be effective methodologies for assessing new disk formation at the base of the COS. C1 [Weber, Paul W.; Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC USA. [Murray, Mark M.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD USA. [Corless, Joseph M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Corless, Joseph M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Corless, Joseph M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Howle, LE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM laurens.howle@duke.edu FU Whitaker Foundation [RG-98-0246]; Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by a Whitaker Foundationgrant (RG-98-0246). P.W.W. is supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship through the Office of Naval Research. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 2 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.11.085 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 716GN UT WOS:000286957200002 PM 21281566 ER PT J AU Heltemes, KJ Dougherty, AL MacGregor, AJ Galameau, MR AF Heltemes, Kevin J. Dougherty, Amber L. MacGregor, Andrew J. Galameau, Michael R. TI Alcohol Abuse Disorders Among US Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; NECK INJURIES; DRUG-USE; VETERANS; WAR; AFGHANISTAN; DRINKING; OUTCOMES AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as a preeminent injury in Iraq and Afghanistan. The relationship between TBI and post-injury alcohol use in military personnel has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of alcohol abuse disorders among combat-injured service members with mild TB! (MTBI). Male U.S. service members with combat injuries were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database (n = 3,123). Diagnoses of alcohol abuse disorders were collected from the standard inpatient and ambulatory data records. Overall, a slightly higher proportion of service members with MTBI were diagnosed with an alcohol abuse disorder compared to those with other injury (6.1% vs. 4.9%). In a multivariate analysis, however, it was found that MTBI was not associated with higher levels of alcohol abuse (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.90, 1.70). To better define the consequences of MTBI, future research should include other alcohol dependency measures along with comorbid mental health disorders. C1 [Heltemes, Kevin J.; Dougherty, Amber L.; MacGregor, Andrew J.; Galameau, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Heltemes, KJ (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, under Work Unit [60808] FX The authors thank Science Applications International Corporation for its contributions to this work. This study was supported by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, under Work Unit No. 60808. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 176 IS 2 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BL UT WOS:000295245800008 PM 21366075 ER PT J AU Williams, IW Kennedy, BS AF Williams, Isaiah W. Kennedy, Byron S. TI Texting tendinitis in a teenager SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 [Williams, Isaiah W.] Naval Hosp, Dept Family Med, Lemoore, CA USA. [Kennedy, Byron S.] Monroe Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. RP Williams, IW (reprint author), 790 Sunset Ave 4, Suisun City, CA 94585 USA. EM iwwilliams16@hotmail.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 60 IS 2 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 811LD UT WOS:000294210700006 PM 21301640 ER PT J AU Pee, EY Royset, JO AF Pee, E. Y. Royset, J. O. TI On Solving Large-Scale Finite Minimax Problems Using Exponential Smoothing SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Finite minimax; Exponential smoothing technique; Rate of convergence; Run-time complexity ID SEMI-INFINITE OPTIMIZATION; ENGINEERING DESIGN; SQP ALGORITHM; COMPLEXITY; CONVERGENCE AB This paper focuses on finite minimax problems with many functions, and their solution by means of exponential smoothing. We conduct run-time complexity and rate of convergence analysis of smoothing algorithms and compare them with those of SQP algorithms. We find that smoothing algorithms may have only sublinear rate of convergence, but as shown by our complexity results, their slow rate of convergence may be compensated by small computational work per iteration. We present two smoothing algorithms with active-set strategies and novel precision-parameter adjustment schemes. Numerical results indicate that the algorithms are competitive with other algorithms from the literature, and especially so when a large number of functions are nearly active at stationary points. C1 [Pee, E. Y.; Royset, J. O.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu FU AFOSR [F1ATA08337G003] FX The second author acknowledges support from AFOSR Young Investigator grant F1ATA08337G003. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 148 IS 2 BP 390 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s10957-010-9759-1 PG 32 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 752FR UT WOS:000289676800009 ER PT J AU Clifton, GT Sears, AK Clive, KS Holmes, JP Mittendorf, EA Ioannides, CG Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Clifton, Guy T. Sears, Alan K. Clive, Kevin S. Holmes, Jarrod P. Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Ioannides, Constantine G. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Folate receptor alpha A storied past and promising future in immunotherapy SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Review DE folate receptor alpha; folate binding protein; immunotherapy ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY MOV18; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE; CARCINOMA-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS; OVARIAN-CANCER PATIENTS; BINDING-PROTEIN; TUMOR-CELLS; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; DENDRITIC CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; PHASE-I AB Folate receptor alpha (FR alpha) is a membrane-bound transport protein with several features which make it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. FR alpha is largely shielded from the immune system in normal tissue but exposed while expressed on a variety of malignancies; it is functionally active in cancer pathogenesis; and it is immunogenic. A variety of different immunotherapeutic methods targeting FR alpha are being explored to treat cancer. Passive immunotherapy includes monoclonal antibodies, antibodies modified to deliver treatments and modified T cell therapy. Active immunotherapy has focused on using FR alpha to increase the immunogenicity of cancer or to generate active FR alpha-directed immunity through a range of vaccination techniques. We will review the rationale behind targeting immunotherapy to FR alpha and cover the various techniques designed to do this. Folate Receptor alpha (FR alpha) is a unique tumor-associated antigen (TAA) with many characteristics that make it an attractive target for immunotherapy in cancer. Many different immunotherapeutic modalities utilizing FR alpha are being explored to treat cancer. The research is in various stages: some are just beyond conception, others have been tried and abandoned, and others still are progressing through human clinical trials. This review will cover immunotherapeutic methods, both active and passive, that target FR alpha. C1 [Clifton, Guy T.; Sears, Alan K.; Clive, Kevin S.; Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ioannides, Constantine G.] UTMD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Therapeut, Houston, TX USA. [Mittendorf, Elizabeth A.] UTMD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Houston, TX USA. [Ponniah, Sathibalan] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, US Mil Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM george.peoples@us.army.mil NR 89 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD FEB PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.4161/hv.7.2.13784 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 743BQ UT WOS:000288990900007 PM 21321484 ER PT J AU Schlosser, LZ Lyons, HZ Talleyrand, RM Kim, BSK Johnson, WB AF Schlosser, Lewis Z. Lyons, Heather Z. Talleyrand, Regine M. Kim, Bryan S. K. Johnson, W. Brad TI Advisor-Advisee Relationships in Graduate Training Programs SO JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE advising relationships; graduate training; mentoring relationships; multiculturalism; career development ID NEGATIVE MENTORING EXPERIENCES; CAREER-DEVELOPMENT; QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION; CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY; DOCTORAL PROGRAMS; WORKING-ALLIANCE; PROFESSIONALS; PRODUCTIVITY; PERSPECTIVES; SUCCESS AB Advisor-advisee relationships are an important aspect of the career development of professionals in many fields; however, limited scholarship has focused on these relationships. In the three articles of this special section, the authors attempt to help remedy this situation by articulating a culturally infused model of advising relationships in graduate training. This article lays the foundation for the authors' model by reviewing the literature relevant to advising and mentoring. In the subsequent articles, the authors propose that it is critical to understand how within-group cultural variables affect the advising relationship. Articulating a framework for understanding the advising relationship as a multicultural endeavor may help educators prepare the next generations of professionals and facilitate increased empirical attention to this important, yet underexamined construct. C1 [Schlosser, Lewis Z.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Profess Psychol & Family Therapy, PhD Program Counseling Psychol, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Lyons, Heather Z.] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Practitioner Track Masters Program, Baltimore, MD USA. [Talleyrand, Regine M.] George Mason Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Coll Educ & Human Dev, Counseling & Dev MED Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Talleyrand, Regine M.] George Mason Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Coll Educ & Human Dev, PhD Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kim, Bryan S. K.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, MA Program Counseling Psychol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Johnson, W. Brad] USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schlosser, LZ (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Profess Psychol & Family Therapy, PhD Program Counseling Psychol, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM schlosle@shu.edu RI George, Sarah/D-4782-2012 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0894-8453 J9 J CAREER DEV JI J. Career Dev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1177/0894845309358887 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 731SP UT WOS:000288129900001 ER PT J AU Schlosser, LZ Talleyrand, RM Lyons, HZ Kim, BSK Johnson, WB AF Schlosser, Lewis Z. Talleyrand, Regine M. Lyons, Heather Z. Kim, Bryan S. K. Johnson, W. Brad TI Multicultural Issues in Graduate Advising Relationships SO JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE advising relationships; graduate training; mentoring relationships; multiculturalism; career development ID FACULTY ROLE-MODEL; MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS; PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY; COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY; WORKING-ALLIANCE; RACIAL IDENTITY; DEVELOPMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS; ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOGRAPHY; QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION; PERCEIVED SIMILARITY AB Although advisor-advisee relationships are ubiquitous to graduate training, there is relatively little scholarship bearing on advising relationships. Not surprisingly, the intersection between multiculturalism and advising relationships is also sparse. Given the potential increase in the numbers of People of Color entering graduate training due to the changing demographics in the United States and the influence of advising relationships on advisees' personal and professional development, it is imperative to address the role of culture in the advising relationship-in this article, we will address race, sex, and sexual orientation. Hence, in this article, we address the potential impact of racial and cultural socialization processes on the advising relationship and organizational contexts. C1 [Schlosser, Lewis Z.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Profess Psychol & Family Therapy, PhD Program Counseling Psychol, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Talleyrand, Regine M.] George Mason Univ, Coll Educ & Human Dev, Counseling & Dev MED Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Talleyrand, Regine M.] George Mason Univ, Coll Educ & Human Dev, PhD Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lyons, Heather Z.] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Practitioner Track Masters Program, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kim, Bryan S. K.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, MA Program Counseling Psychol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Johnson, W. Brad] USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schlosser, LZ (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Profess Psychol & Family Therapy, PhD Program Counseling Psychol, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM lewis.schlosser@shu.edu NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0894-8453 J9 J CAREER DEV JI J. Career Dev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 BP 19 EP 43 DI 10.1177/0894845309359285 PG 25 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 731SP UT WOS:000288129900002 ER PT J AU Schlosser, LZ Lyons, HZ Talleyrand, RM Kim, BSK Johnson, WB AF Schlosser, Lewis Z. Lyons, Heather Z. Talleyrand, Regine M. Kim, Bryan S. K. Johnson, W. Brad TI A Multiculturally Infused Model of Graduate Advising Relationships SO JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE advising relationships; graduate training; mentoring relationships; multiculturalism; career development ID DEVELOPMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS; QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION; MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS; PSYCHOLOGY PROGRAMS; WORKING-ALLIANCE; PERSPECTIVE; COMPETENCE; GUIDELINES; EDUCATION; STUDENTS AB In this final article of the special section, the authors offer their beginning theoretical model of graduate advising relationships. The authors' framework characterizes the advising relationship as a multicultural endeavor. The authors offer eight theoretical propositions with the intent to articulate aspects of good advising and those variables that appear to be related to successful advising relationships. As part of this model, the authors attend to both the process and the outcome of advising relationships. The authors close with implications for research, training, and practice, and offer suggestions for future research. C1 [Schlosser, Lewis Z.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Profess Psychol & Family Therapy, PhD Program Counseling Psychol, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Lyons, Heather Z.] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Practitioner Track Masters Program, Baltimore, MD USA. [Talleyrand, Regine M.] George Mason Univ, Coll Educ & Human Dev, Counseling & Dev MED Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Talleyrand, Regine M.] George Mason Univ, Coll Educ & Human Dev, PhD Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kim, Bryan S. K.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, MA Program Counseling Psychol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Johnson, W. Brad] USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schlosser, LZ (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Profess Psychol & Family Therapy, PhD Program Counseling Psychol, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM lewis.schlosser@shu.edu NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0894-8453 J9 J CAREER DEV JI J. Career Dev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 BP 44 EP 61 DI 10.1177/0894845309359286 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 731SP UT WOS:000288129900003 ER PT J AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, John B. TI The United States Navy in the Twenty-first Century: Thoughts on naval theory, strategic constraints and opportunities SO MARINERS MIRROR LA English DT Article C1 [Hattendorf, John B.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Hattendorf, John B.] Maritime Hist Dept, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England. [Hattendorf, John B.] Naval War Coll Museum, Newport, RI USA. [Hattendorf, John B.] Univ Oxford, Pembroke Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAUTICAL RESEARCH PI LONDON PA NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM GREENWICH, LONDON SE10 9NF, ENGLAND SN 0025-3359 J9 MARINERS MIRROR JI Mar. Mirror PD FEB PY 2011 VL 97 IS 1 BP 285 EP 297 PG 13 WC History SC History GA 730AQ UT WOS:000287996200021 ER PT J AU Mclay, JG AF Mclay, Justin G. TI Diagnosing the Relative Impact of "Sneaks," "Phantoms," and Volatility in Sequences of Lagged Ensemble Probability Forecasts with a Simple Dynamic Decision Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOSS RATIO SITUATION; PREDICTIONS AB Monte Carlo simulation of sequences of lagged ensemble probability forecasts is undertaken using Markov transition law estimated from a reforecast ensemble. A simple three-state, three-action dynamic decision model is then applied to the Monte Carlo sequence realizations using a basket of cost functions, and the resulting expense incurred by the decision model is conditioned upon the structure of the sequence realizations. Findings show that the greatest average expense is incurred by "sneak" and "volatile" sequence structures, which are structures characterized by large and rapid increases in event probability at short lag times. These findings are simple quantitative illustration of the adage that large run-to-run variability of forecasts can be troublesome to a decision maker. The experiments also demonstrate how even small improvements in the amount of advance warning of an event can translate into a substantial reduction in decision expense. In general, the conditioned decision expense is found to be sensitive to sequence structure for a given cost function, to the parameters of a given cost function, and to the choice of cost function itself. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mclay, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM justin.mclay@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [0601153N, BE-033-03-04M] FX This research was sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 0601153N and Project BE-033-03-04M. The author thanks Drs. Gregory Postel, Jonathan Martin, and Michael Morgan of the University of Wisconsin for bringing the problem of sneak and phantom forecast events to his attention. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 387 EP 402 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3449.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 739PE UT WOS:000288729300005 ER PT J AU Bishop, CH Hodyss, D Steinle, P Sims, H Clayton, AM Lorenc, AC Barker, DM Buehner, M AF Bishop, Craig H. Hodyss, Daniel Steinle, Peter Sims, Holly Clayton, Adam M. Lorenc, Andrew C. Barker, Dale M. Buehner, Mark TI Efficient Ensemble Covariance Localization in Variational Data Assimilation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; SYSTEM; INTERPOLATION; NWP AB Previous descriptions of how localized ensemble covariances can be incorporated into variational (VAR) data assimilation (DA) schemes provide few clues as to how this might be done in an efficient way. This article serves to remedy this hiatus in the literature by deriving a computationally efficient algorithm for using nonadaptively localized four-dimensional (4D) or three-dimensional (3D) ensemble covariances in variational DA. The algorithm provides computational advantages whenever (i) the localization function is a separable product of a function of the horizontal coordinate and a function of the vertical coordinate, (ii) and/or the localization length scale is much larger than the model grid spacing, (iii) and/or there are many variable types associated with each grid point, (iv) and/or 4D ensemble covariances are employed. C1 [Bishop, Craig H.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Steinle, Peter; Sims, Holly] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Clayton, Adam M.; Lorenc, Andrew C.; Barker, Dale M.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Buehner, Mark] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Bishop, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2,Bldg 702,Room 212, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bishop@nrlmry.navy.mil FU ONR [0602435N, BE-435-003, N0001407WX30012] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Ricardo Todling whose comments, as a reviewer, significantly improved the paper. Among other things, Ricardo improved the conciseness of the proof of the square root theorem. The authors also acknowledge the helpful criticism of the Editor, Herschel Mitchell, and the insightful suggestions of an anonymous reviewer. CHB expresses his gratitude to the "Centre for Australia Weather and Climate RESEARCH-a collaboration between the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO" for their support of a visit to the Centre during which this paper was conceived. CHB and DH gratefully acknowledge financial support from ONR Project Element 0602435N, Project BE-435-003, and ONR Grant N0001407WX30012. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 573 EP 580 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3405.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 739PE UT WOS:000288729300016 ER PT J AU Snyder, A Pu, ZX Reynolds, CA AF Snyder, Andrew Pu, Zhaoxia Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI Impact of Stochastic Convection on Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Development SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION SYSTEM; TRANSFORM; NCEP; SCHEME AB Two versions of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) global ensemble, with and without a stochastic convection scheme, are compared regarding their performance in predicting the development and evolution of tropical cyclones. Forecasts of four typhoons, one tropical storm, and two selected nondeveloping tropical systems from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign and Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (T-PARC/TCS-08) field program during August and September 2008 are evaluated. It is found that stochastic convection substantially increases the spread in ensemble storm tracks and in the vorticity and height fields in the vicinity of the storm. Stochastic convection also has an impact on the number of ensemble members predicting genesis. One day prior to the system being declared a tropical depression, on average, 31% of the ensemble members predict storm development when the ensemble includes initial perturbations only. When stochastic convection is included, this percentage increases to 50%, but the number of "false alarms" for two nondeveloping systems also increases. However, the increase in false alarms is smaller than the increase in correct development predictions, indicating that stochastic convection may have the potential for improving tropical cyclone forecasting. C1 [Snyder, Andrew; Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Reynolds, Carolyn A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Pu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 S 1460 E,Rm 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM zhaoxia.pu@utah.edu OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0308, 0601153N]; Department of Defense FX This study is supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Grant N00014-08-1-0308. The third author (CR) gratefully acknowledges support from ONR 0601153N and the Department of Defense High-performance Computing Challenge program, which provided access to real-time computational resources. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3341.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 739PE UT WOS:000288729300019 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Johnson, SJ Sullivan, GR Bongar, B Miller, L Sammons, MT AF Johnson, W. Brad Johnson, Shannon J. Sullivan, Glenn R. Bongar, Bruce Miller, Laurence Sammons, Morgan T. TI Psychology in Extremis: Preventing Problems of Professional Competence in Dangerous Practice Settings SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE competence; ethics; psychologist; professional; in extremis ID SELF-CARE; ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS; NATIONAL SURVEY; IMPAIRMENT; DISTRESS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; THERAPISTS; BELIEFS; EMPATHY AB When a psychologist provides services in a dangerous context a work setting defined by persistent threat to the psychologist's own personal safety and well-being the psychologist is said to practice in extremis. Psychologists who routinely function in extremis, such as those in correctional, disaster response, military, and police psychology among other specialties-may be at increased risk for troubling experiences such as direct or vicarious traumatization, compassion fatigue, and empathy failure. Over time, in extremis experiences may contribute to decrements in professional competence. When psychologists become aware of personal problems that interfere with their work, they must take steps to ameliorate the problem while protecting consumers. In this Focus on Ethics, we discuss the difficulty inherent in self-identifying and correcting problems of professional competence when working in a high-threat environment. Three expert commentaries further elucidate in extremis competency concerns from the perspective of disaster response, police, and military psychology. The authors provide numerous recommendations for helping psychologists to ensure ongoing competence in in extremis jobs. C1 [Johnson, W. Brad] USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Johnson, Shannon J.] USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Sullivan, Glenn R.] Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Psychol & Philosophy, Lexington, VA USA. [Bongar, Bruce] Palo Alto Univ, Pacific Grad Sch Psychol, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Bongar, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sammons, Morgan T.] Alliant Int Univ, Calif Sch Profess Psychol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 EI 1939-1323 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 SI SI BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1037/a0022365 PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 733TE UT WOS:000288285100013 ER PT J AU Waibel, J Davis, S Graber, E Uebelhoer, N AF Waibel, Jill Davis, Stephen Graber, Emmy Uebelhoer, Nathan TI TREATMENT OF SCARS USING LASER AND LASER ASSISTED CORTICOSTEROID DELIVERY SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami Dermatol & Laser Inst, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 43 SU 23 MA 57 BP 924 EP 924 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 735EK UT WOS:000288396000053 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Bryan, CL Everett, KR Batteen, ML Guest, AA AF Reeder, D. B. Bryan, C. L. Everett, K. R. Batteen, M. L. Guest, A. A. TI Quantitative ocean characterisation: Acoustically analogous environments SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Characterisation of the oceanic environment is of interest to many different scientific and engineering disciplines, including geologists, fisheries managers, marine mammal biologists, ocean resource managers, conservationists and ocean acousticians. Quantitative environmental characterisation requires a robust and efficient methodology to evaluate vast amounts of spatiotemporal environmental data. Presented here is such a methodology - flexible and robust enough to be used in multiple applications. The case presented is the determination of acoustically analogous environments in the ocean. A key element of this work is the construction of a set of acoustically relevant parameters which characterise acoustical properties of the water column, based on the sound speed profile. Results of this methodology demonstrate that this set of acoustically significant parameters accurately represent the acoustic propagation characteristics of the ocean environment. C1 [Reeder, D. B.; Bryan, C. L.; Everett, K. R.; Batteen, M. L.; Guest, A. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST MARINE ENGINEERING, SCI & TECHNOL PI LONDON PA 80 COLEMAN ST, LONDON EC2R 5BJ, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 736GS UT WOS:000288479600002 ER PT J AU Galanis, G Chu, PC Kallos, G AF Galanis, G. Chu, P. C. Kallos, G. TI Statistical post processes for the improvement of the results of numerical wave prediction models. A combination of Kolmogorov-Zurbenko and Kalman filters SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; FORECASTS; SCALES AB A new mathematical technique for adaptation of the results of numerical wave prediction models to local conditions is proposed. The main aim is to reduce the systematic part of the prediction error in the direct model outputs by taking advantage of the availability of local measurements in the area of interest. The methodology is based on a combination of two different statistical tools: Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) and Kalman filters. The first smoothes the observation time series as well as that of model direct outputs in order to be comparable via a Kalman filter. This is not the case in general, since forecasted values are smoothed spatially and temporarily by the model itself while observations are point records where no smoothing procedure is applied. The direct application of a Kalman filter to such qualitatively different series may lead to serious instabilities of the method and discontinuities in the results. The proper utilisation of KZ-filters turn the two series into a compatible mode and, therefore, makes possible the exploitation of Kalman filters for the identification and subtraction of systematic errors. The proposed method was tested in an open sea area for significant wave height forecasts using the wave model WAM and six buoys as observational stations. C1 [Galanis, G.] Hellen Naval Acad, Sect Math, Xatzikyriakion, Piraeus, Greece. [Galanis, G.; Kallos, G.] Univ Athens, Sch Phys, Div Appl Phys, Atmospher Modeling & Weather Forecasting Grp, Athens, Greece. [Chu, P. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Grad Sch Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Galanis, G (reprint author), Hellen Naval Acad, Sect Math, Xatzikyriakion, Piraeus, Greece. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST MARINE ENGINEERING, SCI & TECHNOL PI LONDON PA 80 COLEMAN ST, LONDON EC2R 5BJ, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 736GS UT WOS:000288479600004 ER PT J AU Benavides, LC Sears, AK Gates, JD Clifton, GT Clive, KS Carmichael, MG Holmes, JP Mittendorf, EA Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Benavides, Linda C. Sears, Alan K. Gates, Jeremy D. Clifton, Guy T. Clive, Kevin S. Carmichael, Mark G. Holmes, Jarrod P. Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Comparison of different HER2/neu vaccines in adjuvant breast cancer trials: implications for dosing of peptide vaccines SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE AE37 peptide; dose reduction; E75 peptide; GM-CSF; GP2 peptide; HER2/neu peptide vaccine ID GROUP-STUDY I-01; T-CELL IMMUNITY; I CLINICAL-TRIAL; E75 VACCINE; PROSTATE-CANCER; INVARIANT CHAIN; RECURRENCE; RESPONSES; EPITOPE; IMMUNIZATION AB We have performed multiple adjuvant clinical trials using immunogenic peptides from the HER2/neu protein (AE37/E75/GP2) plus (GM-CSF) given intradermally to breast cancer patients. Four trials were performed with similar dose-escalation design with increasing doses of peptide (AE37/E75/GP2) and varying amounts of GM-CSF. Dose reductions (DRs) were made for significant local and/or systemic toxicity by decreasing GM-CSF for subsequent inoculations. Ex vivo and in vivo immunologic responses were used to compare groups. Of 132 patients, 39 required DR (30 for robust local reactions [DR-L]). DR patients, particularly DR-L, had greater immune responses both ex vivo and in vivo. Postvaccine delayed-type hypersensitivity in DR-L patients compared with all others was larger for E75 (p = 0.001), AE37 (p = 0.077) and GP2 (p = 0.076). All three peptide vaccines were safe and well-tolerated. These findings have led to a clinically relevant optimal vaccine dosing strategy, which may be applicable to other peptide-based cancer vaccines. C1 [Benavides, Linda C.; Sears, Alan K.; Gates, Jeremy D.; Clifton, Guy T.; Clive, Kevin S.; Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Carmichael, Mark G.; Ponniah, Sathibalan] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, United States Mil Canc Inst, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Mittendorf, Elizabeth A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77230 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM george.peoples@us.army.mil FU United States Military Cancer Institute; Department of Surgery; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC, USA; Antigen Express, Inc., Worchester, MA, USA [I-01, I-02, I-03] FX Supported by the United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC, USA. Study I-01 and I-02 are primarily funded by the Clinical Breast Care Project. Study I-03 is funded by Antigen Express, Inc., Worchester, MA, USA. This work represents original research that has not been submitted elsewhere for publication. George E Peoples has partial inventor rights to all three vaccines which have been licensed for commercial development based on these results. George E Peoples is entitled to financial proceeds associated with these licenses per Federal policy and may assist these companies in the development of the vaccines. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD FEB PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1586/ERV.10.167 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 732NM UT WOS:000288192200012 PM 21332269 ER PT J AU Trejo, M Jessen, GH Chabak, KD Gillespie, JK Crespo, A Kossler, M Trimble, V Langley, D Heller, ER Claflin, B Walker, DE Poling, B Gilbert, R Via, GD Hoelscher, J Roussos, J Ejeckam, F Zimmer, J AF Trejo, Manuel Jessen, Gregg H. Chabak, Kelson D. Gillespie, James K. Crespo, Antonio Kossler, Mauricio Trimble, Virginia Langley, Derrick Heller, Eric R. Claflin, Bruce Walker, Dennis E. Poling, Brian Gilbert, Ryan Via, Glen D. Hoelscher, John Roussos, Jason Ejeckam, Felix Zimmer, Jerry TI Progress towards III-nitrides HEMTs on free-standing diamond substrates for thermal management SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CVD; diamond; gallium nitride; high electron mobility transistor; thermal AB In this paper, we discuss the progress in the application of silicon-on-diamond (SOD) and chemically vapour deposited (CVD) diamond wafers as an alternative solution to silicon and silicon carbide (SiC) substrates to enhance heat dissipation away from the active region of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) while decreasing thermal degradation due to thermal effects. The superior thermal conductivity and insulating properties of polycrystalline diamond (815 Wcm/K) free-standing wafers have demonstrated certain advantages, mostly evident in the device performance and reliability. Two unique diamond growth applications engineered by sp(3) Diamond Technologies Inc., and Group4 Labs Inc., are discussed and device performance data is presented from early attempts to our most current device research efforts. As single-crystalline diamond wafers (similar to 20 Wcm/K) become more accessible and affordable, it is expected to see significant improvement over the current state of this technology. [GRAPHICS] C1 [Trejo, Manuel; Jessen, Gregg H.; Chabak, Kelson D.; Gillespie, James K.; Crespo, Antonio; Kossler, Mauricio; Trimble, Virginia; Langley, Derrick; Heller, Eric R.; Claflin, Bruce; Walker, Dennis E.; Poling, Brian; Gilbert, Ryan; Via, Glen D.; Hoelscher, John] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. [Roussos, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. [Ejeckam, Felix] Grp4 Labs Inc, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. [Zimmer, Jerry] Sp3 Diamond Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. RP Trejo, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM manuel.trejo@wpafb.af.mil; gregg.jessen@aoard.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 208 IS 2 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1002/pssa.201000601 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 731DS UT WOS:000288087100019 ER PT J AU Pisacane, VL Dolecek, QE Malak, H Cucinotta, FA Zaider, M Rosenfeld, AB Rusek, A Sivertz, M Dicello, JF AF Pisacane, V. L. Dolecek, Q. E. Malak, H. Cucinotta, F. A. Zaider, M. Rosenfeld, A. B. Rusek, A. Sivertz, M. Dicello, J. F. TI MICRODOSEMETER INSTRUMENT (MIDN) FOR ASSESSING RISK IN SPACE SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Microdosimetry CY OCT 25-30, 2009 CL Verona, ITALY SP INFN Lab Nazl Legnaro, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, CERN, Univ Oxford, Gray Inst Radiat Oncol & Biol AB Radiation in space generally produces higher dose rates than that on the Earth's surface, and contributions from primary galactic and solar events increase with altitude within the magnetosphere. Presently, no personnel monitor is available to astronauts for real-time monitoring of dose, radiation quality and regulatory risk. This group is developing a prototypic instrument for use in an unknown, time-varying radiation field. This microdosemeter-dosemeter nucleon instrument is for use in a spacesuit, spacecraft, remote rover and other applications. It provides absorbed dose, dose rate and dose equivalent in real time so that action can be taken to reduce exposure. Such a system has applications in health physics, anti-terrorism and radiation-hardening of electronics as well. The space system is described and results of ground-based studies are presented and compared with predictions of transport codes. An early prototype in 2007 was successfully launched, the only solid-state microdosemeter to have flown in space. C1 [Pisacane, V. L.; Dicello, J. F.] USN Acad, Aerosp Engn Dept Mail Stop 11B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dolecek, Q. E.] QED Associates, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. [Malak, H.] Amer Environm Syst Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21043 USA. [Cucinotta, F. A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Zaider, M.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Rosenfeld, A. B.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Rusek, A.; Sivertz, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pisacane, VL (reprint author), USN Acad, Aerosp Engn Dept Mail Stop 11B, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pisacane@usna.edu RI Rosenfeld, Anatoly/D-1989-2014; OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 143 IS 2-4 BP 398 EP 401 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq525 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 730GR UT WOS:000288022300053 PM 21199825 ER PT J AU Dicello, JF Gersey, BB Gridley, DS Coutrakon, GB Lesyna, D Pisacane, VL Robertson, JB Schulte, RW Slater, JD Wroe, AJ Slater, JM AF Dicello, John F. Gersey, Bradford B. Gridley, Daila S. Coutrakon, George B. Lesyna, David Pisacane, Vincent L. Robertson, James B. Schulte, Reinhard W. Slater, Jerry D. Wroe, Andrew J. Slater, James M. TI MICRODOSIMETRIC COMPARISON OF SCANNED AND CONVENTIONAL PROTON BEAMS USED IN RADIATION THERAPY SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Microdosimetry CY OCT 25-30, 2009 CL Verona, ITALY SP INFN Lab Nazl Legnaro, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, CERN, Univ Oxford, Gray Inst Radiat Oncol & Biol ID BIOL-PHYS 2006/65/1-7; PROSTATE-CANCER; 2ND CANCERS; FIELD; RADIOTHERAPY; IMPACT; RISK AB Multiple groups have hypothesised that the use of scanning beams in proton therapy will reduce the neutron component of secondary radiation in comparison with conventional methods with a corresponding reduction in risks of radiation-induced cancers. Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC) has had FDA marketing clearance for scanning beams since 1988 and an experimental scanning beam has been available at the LLUMC proton facility since 2001. The facility has a dedicated research room with a scanning beam and fast switching that allows its use during patient treatments. Dosimetric measurements and microdosimetric distributions for a scanned beam are presented and compared with beams produced with the conventional methods presently used in proton therapy. C1 [Dicello, John F.] Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Lutherville Timonium, MD 21093 USA. [Gersey, Bradford B.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Ctr Appl Radiat Res, NASA, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Gridley, Daila S.; Coutrakon, George B.; Schulte, Reinhard W.; Slater, Jerry D.; Wroe, Andrew J.; Slater, James M.] Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. [Lesyna, David] Optivus Proton Therapy Inc, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. [Pisacane, Vincent L.] USN Acad, Aerosp Engn Dept Mail Stop 11B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Robertson, James B.] E Carolina Univ, Chocowinity, NC 27817 USA. RP Dicello, JF (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, 25 Westminster Bridge Way, Lutherville Timonium, MD 21093 USA. EM dicello@usna.edu RI Gridley, Daila/P-7711-2015 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 143 IS 2-4 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq513 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 730GR UT WOS:000288022300075 PM 21362697 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Jacobson, IG Sevick, CJ Smith, TC Gumbs, GR Conlin, AMS AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Jacobson, Isabel G. Sevick, Carter J. Smith, Tyler C. Gumbs, Gia R. Conlin, Ava Marie S. CA United States Dept Def Birth Infan TI Health Outcomes among Infants Born to Women Deployed to United States Military Operations during Pregnancy SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE congenital abnormalities; military personnel; reproductive history; women's health ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CONGENITAL-DEFECTS PROGRAM; BIRTH-DEFECTS; REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; SMALLPOX VACCINE; RISK; VIETNAM; ATLANTA; COMBAT AB BACKGROUND: Military professionals who deploy to combat operations may encounter hazards that could adversely affect reproductive health. Pregnant woman are generally exempt from deployment to military operations, however, exposures to such environments may inadvertently occur. We investigated whether maternal deployment during pregnancy was associated with adverse health outcomes in infants. METHODS: The United States Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry identified infants born to military service women between 2002 and 2005, and defined their health outcomes at birth and in the first year of life. Multivariable modeling was applied to investigate preterm birth and birth defects among infants, based on maternal deployment experience during pregnancy. RESULTS: Among 63,056 infants born to military women from 2002 to 2005, 22,596 were born to women with deployment experience in support of the current military operations before, during, or after their pregnancy. These included 2941 infants born to women who appeared to have been deployed some time during their first trimester of pregnancy. Compared to infants born to women who deployed at other times, or never deployed, exposed infants were not more likely to be born preterm, diagnosed with a major birth defect, or diagnosed with a malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory analysis, infants born to women who inadvertently deployed to military operations during their pregnancy were not at increased risk of adverse birth or infant health outcomes. Future analyses should examine outcomes related to specific maternal exposures during deployment, and outcomes among the growing number of infants conceived after deployment. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 91: 117-124, 2011. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Sevick, Carter J.; Smith, Tyler C.; Gumbs, Gia R.; Conlin, Ava Marie S.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Occupat Med 5N, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM margaret.ryan@med.navy FU U.S. Department of Defense [60504]; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland FX This represents report 09-19, supported by the U.S. Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60504.; In addition to the authors, members of the DoD Birth and Infant Health Registry team include Ania Bukowinski, Kathy Snell, and Brian Feldman. The authors thank Scott L. Seggerman and Greg D. Boyd from the United States Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey Bay, California, for providing demographic and deployment data, and Michelle Stoia, from the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, for editorial assistance. The authors appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 91 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1002/bdra.20746 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 730LU UT WOS:000288035600007 PM 21319279 ER PT J AU Tait, GB Richardson, RE Slocum, MB Hatfield, MO Rodriguez, MJ AF Tait, Gregory B. Richardson, Robert E. Slocum, Michael B. Hatfield, Michael O. Rodriguez, Manuel J. TI Reverberant Microwave Propagation in Coupled Complex Cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Coupled cavities; reverberant propagation ID CHAMBERS AB A simple model for the analysis of microwave propagation in coupled complex cavities is presented. The cumulative build-up and full exchange of electromagnetic energy between coupled spaces are important issues for wireless systems in reverberant environments, such as below-deck compartments in ships and aircraft cabins and bays. Based on conservation of average energy in the steady state among multiple cavities, the general model formulation is valid for both strong and weak couplings between the cavities caused by window materials, open apertures, closed and open hatches, and cable/pipe penetrations through bulkheads. Application of the model is demonstrated in conjunction with measurements conducted in nested reverberation chambers in the laboratory and in the coupled main weapons bays of a fighter aircraft. C1 [Tait, Gregory B.; Richardson, Robert E.; Slocum, Michael B.; Hatfield, Michael O.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Rodriguez, Manuel J.] Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tait, GB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM gregory.tait@navy.mil NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 53 IS 1 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2051442 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 722CF UT WOS:000287407300027 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Tan, KS AF Kwon, Y. W. Tan, K. S. TI Failure of Ductile Materials Subject to Varying Strain Rates SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRENGTH; ALLOYS; STRESS AB Strain rate affects the mechanical properties of ductile materials in terms of their stiffness and strength. In particular, yield and failure strengths and strains depend on the strain rate applied to the materials. When a metallic material is subjected to a typical dynamic loading, the material usually undergoes various strain-rate loading conditions. One of the main questions is whether the material is going to fail or not. To the authors' best knowledge, there has been no failure criterion proposed for a varying strain-rate loading condition. This paper presents a failure criterion under nonuniform strain-rate loading conditions. Experiments were conducted to support the proposed failure criterion using aluminum alloy AA3003-H14. This study also investigated the that failure envelops in terms of strain rates and the normalized failure strengths. Furthermore, the effects of strain rates on strength and stiffness properties were also examined. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002054] C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Tan, K. S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2011 VL 133 IS 1 AR 011402 DI 10.1115/1.4002054 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 709VX UT WOS:000286470600011 ER PT J AU Ward, J Jarvis, S Moretti, D Morrissey, R DiMarzio, N Johnson, M Tyack, P Thomas, L Marques, T AF Ward, Jessica Jarvis, Susan Moretti, David Morrissey, Ronald DiMarzio, Nancy Johnson, Mark Tyack, Peter Thomas, Len Marques, Tiago TI Beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) passive acoustic detection in increasing ambient noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; SOUND AB Passive acoustic detection is being increasingly used to monitor visually cryptic cetaceans such as Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) that may be especially sensitive to underwater sound. The efficacy of passive acoustic detection is traditionally characterized by the probability of detecting the animal's sound emissions as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. The probability of detection can be predicted using accepted, but not necessarily accurate, models of the underwater acoustic environment. Recent field studies combining far-field hydrophone arrays with on-animal acoustic recording tags have yielded the location and time of each sound emission from tagged animals, enabling in-situ measurements of the probability of detection. However, tagging studies can only take place in calm seas and so do not reflect the full range of ambient noise conditions under which passive acoustic detection may be used. Increased surface-generated noise from wind and wave interaction degrades the signal-to-noise ratio of animal sound receptions at a given distance leading to a reduction in probability of detection. This paper presents a case study simulating the effect of increasing ambient noise on detection of M. densirostris foraging clicks recorded from a tagged whale swimming in the vicinity of a deep-water, bottom-mounted hydrophone array. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3531844] C1 [Ward, Jessica; Jarvis, Susan; Moretti, David; Morrissey, Ronald; DiMarzio, Nancy] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. [Johnson, Mark; Tyack, Peter] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thomas, Len; Marques, Tiago] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Ward, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI USA. EM jessica.ward@navy.mil RI Tyack, Peter/D-6209-2013; Marques, Tiago/A-5530-2010; OI Tyack, Peter/0000-0002-8409-4790; Marques, Tiago/0000-0002-2581-1972; Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU Office of Naval Research [N45]; Integrated Warfare Systems 5 (IWS5); Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; Office of Protected Resources; International Association of Oil and Gas Producers Joint Industry Programme on Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life FX These data were collected during the 2007 Behavioral Response Study (BRS) funded by N45, Office of Naval Research, Integrated Warfare Systems 5 (IWS5) and Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. We would like to thank the entire field team that participated in the 2007 BRS for supporting the effort that provided the data used in this study. This work was funded by two partners under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program: The Ocean Acoustics Program of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, and the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers Joint Industry Programme on Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life. The research permits were issued to John Boreman (U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) 1121-1900), Peter Tyack (U.S. NMFS 981-1578), and Ian Boyd (Bahamas permit #02/07). The tagging research was approved by the WHOI Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. In addition, this work would not have been possible without the contributions of David Deveau, who provided the historical ambient noise measurements, and the late Jim Pazera, who generously shared his expertise as system engineer of the AUTEC hydrophones shortly before his untimely death. Jim is greatly missed by all his colleagues at NUWC. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 129 IS 2 BP 662 EP 669 DI 10.1121/1.3531844 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 726HB UT WOS:000287709700016 PM 21361425 ER PT J AU Schlundt, CE Dear, RL Houser, DS Bowles, AE Reidarson, T Finneran, JJ AF Schlundt, Carolyn E. Dear, Randall L. Houser, Dorian S. Bowles, Ann E. Reidarson, Tom Finneran, James J. TI Auditory evoked potentials in two short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HEARING MEASUREMENTS; OTOTOXICITY; COHERENCE; AUDIOGRAMS; AUDIOMETRY; RESPONSES; AMIKACIN AB The hearing sensitivities of two short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) were investigated by measuring auditory evoked potentials generated in response to clicks and sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) tones. The first whale tested, an adult female, was a long-time resident at SeaWorld San Diego with a known health history. Click-evoked responses in this animal were similar to those measured in other echolocating odontocetes. Auditory thresholds were comparable to dolphins of similar age determined with similar evoked potential methods. The region of best sensitivity was near 40 kHz and the upper limit of functional hearing was between 80 and 100 kHz. The second whale tested, a juvenile male, was recently stranded and deemed non-releasable. Click-evoked potentials were not detected in this animal and testing with SAM tones suggested severe hearing loss above 10 kHz. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3531875] C1 [Schlundt, Carolyn E.] ITT Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Dear, Randall L.; Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Bowles, Ann E.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Reidarson, Tom] SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Finneran, James J.] USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Biosci Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schlundt, CE (reprint author), ITT Corp, 3276 Rosecrans St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM Carolyn.Melka@itt.com OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 FU US Office of Naval Research; SeaWorld of California at San Diego FX Veterinary, Animal Training, Animal Care, and facilities staff of SeaWorld of California at San Diego provided invaluable cooperation and support for the hearing tests, as did G. Kieffer of the Sea Aquarium and the Southern Caribbean Cetacean Network (SCCN) in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Financial support was provided by the US Office of Naval Research. Hearing tests were conducted as routine health screenings for the two subjects; restraint and handling protocols were approved and supervised by SeaWorld veterinarians. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 129 IS 2 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.1121/1.3531875 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 726HB UT WOS:000287709700058 PM 21361467 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K. Vasudevan, A. K. TI Review of Environmentally Assisted Cracking SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID LIQUID-METAL EMBRITTLEMENT; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; GROWTH; STEEL; FRACTURE; MECHANISM; PROPAGATION; FATIGUE; ALLOY AB Many efforts have been made in the past by several researchers to arrive at some unifying principles governing the embrittlement phenomena. An inescapable conclusion reached by all these efforts was that the behavior is very complex. Hence, recognizing the complexity of material/environment behavior, we focus our attention here only in extracting some similarities in the experimental trends to arrive at some generic principles of behavior. Crack nucleation and growth are examined under static load in the presence of internal and external environments. Stress concentration, either pre-existing or in-situ generated, appears to be a requirement for embrittlement. A chemical stress concentration factor is defined for a given material/environment system as the ratio of failure stress with and without the damaging chemical environment. All factors that affect the buildup of the required stress concentration, such as planarity of slip, stacking fault energy, etc., also affect the stress-corrosion behavior. The chemical stress concentration factor is coupled with the mechanical stress concentration factor. In addition, generic features for all systems appear to be (a) an existence of a threshold stress as a function of concentration of the damaging environment and flow properties of the material, and (b) an existence of a limiting threshold as a function of concentration, indicative of a damage saturation for that environment. Kinetics of crack growth also depends on concentration and the mode of crack growth. In general, environment appears to enhance crack tip ductility on one side by the reduction of energy for dislocation nucleation and glide, and to reduce cohesive energy for cleavage, on the other. These two opposing factors are coupled to provide environmentally induced crack nucleation and growth. The relative ratio of these two opposing factors depends on concentration and flow properties, thereby affecting limiting thresholds. The limiting concentration or saturation depends on the relative chemistry of environment and material. A dynamic dislocation model is suggested to account for crack growth. C1 [Sadananda, K.] Tech Data Anal, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), Tech Data Anal, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM kuntimaddisada@yahoo.com NR 95 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 279 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0472-3 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900004 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K. Vasudevan, A. K. TI Failure Diagram for Chemically Assisted Crack Growth SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID CORROSION CRACKING; FRACTURE; STRESS; EMBRITTLEMENT; DUCTILE AB A failure diagram that combines the thresholds for failure of a smooth specimen to that of a fracture mechanics specimen, similar to the modified Kitagawa diagram in fatigue, is presented. For a given material/environment system, the diagram defines conditions under which a crack initiated at the threshold stress in a smooth specimen becomes a propagating crack, by satisfying the threshold stress intensity of a long crack. In analogy with fatigue, it is shown that internal stresses or local stress concentrations are required to provide the necessary mechanical crack tip driving forces, on one hand, and reaction/transportation kinetics to provide the chemical potential gradients, on the other. Together, they help in the initiation and propagation of the cracks. The chemical driving forces can be expressed as equivalent mechanical stresses using the failure diagram. Both internal stresses and their gradients, in conjunction with the chemical driving forces, have to meet the minimum magnitude and the minimum gradients to sustain the growth of a microcrack formed. Otherwise, nonpropagating conditions will prevail or a crack formed will remain dormant. It is shown that the processes underlying the crack nucleation in a smooth specimen and the crack growth of a fracture mechanics specimen are essentially the same. Both require building up of internal stresses by local plasticity. The process involves intermittent crack tip blunting and microcrack nucleation until the crack becomes unstable under the applied stress. C1 [Sadananda, K.] Tech Data Anal, Falls Church, VA 22143 USA. [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), Tech Data Anal, Falls Church, VA 22143 USA. EM kuntimaddisada@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0469-y PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900005 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Spanos, G Pao, PS Holtz, RL AF Goswami, R. Spanos, G. Pao, P. S. Holtz, R. L. TI Microstructural Evolution and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Al-5083 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID AL-MG ALLOY; PRECIPITATION AB The fine scale microstructure of Al-5083 (H-131) sensitized at 448 K (175 degrees C) for 1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 240, 500, and 1000 hours has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the evolution of the beta phase (Al(3)Mg(2)) at grain boundaries and on pre-existing intragranular particles. In fully sensitized Al-5083, the beta phase (Al(3)Mg(2)) forms heterogeneously both at grain boundaries and on pre-existing particles, which are enriched in manganese. TEM observations showed that the grain boundary precipitation of the beta phase initially occurs between 0 to 1 hour of aging at 448 K (175 degrees C), and that the beta phase grows with a ribbonlike morphology. The grain boundary planes are covered by the beta phase after 240 hours of aging. The contribution of microstructure, defects, and environment on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior is discussed. C1 [Goswami, R.; Spanos, G.; Pao, P. S.; Holtz, R. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0262-y PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900010 ER PT J AU Kujawski, D Yerramilli, S Vasudevan, AK AF Kujawski, Daniel Yerramilli, Sindhoora Vasudevan, A. K. TI Role of Viscosity on Capillary Flow and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID EMBRITTLEMENT AB It is documented that the viscosity has a significant effect on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior in terms of the K-da/dt relation. In order to better understand the role of viscosity and its effect on transport of aqueous solution to the crack tip due to capillary action at the crack tip, experiments were conducted using a glass-metal setup. The confined space between the crack-mouth faces was simulated using wedge-type geometry between a glass slide and 7475 aluminum plate. The space between the glass and aluminum crevice was carefully controlled using spacers. The effect of viscosity was modeled using water, glycerin, and its mixture. According to our best knowledge, this article presents the first simple model of experimental simulation of the capillary flow phenomenon with a goal of arriving at a better understanding of how the viscosity affects the SCC behavior. Experimental results of several materials taken from the literature support the role of viscosity on SCC behavior. C1 [Kujawski, Daniel] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Yerramilli, Sindhoora] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kujawski, D (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM daniel.kujawski@wmich.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0374-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900013 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Vasudevan, A. K. Sadananda, K. TI Role of Internal Stresses on the Incubation Times during Stress Corrosion Cracking SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID 3.0-PERCENT NACL SOLUTION; LOW-ALLOY STEEL; GROWTH BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM AB We have examined the incubation times in two alloys, 7075-T651 aluminum alloy and 4140 steel, as a function of applied K, using the published data in aqueous environment. The role of overloads was compared with the results from those without overloads, for a given environment. Effect of environment (NaCl vs deionized water) was also examined. The results show that in a constant K test, the incubation time increases with decreasing K. When a single overload cycle was applied, the time increased with percent overload for a constant background K, indicating that overload cycle affected the crack tip driving forces. These effects varied with the environment. The changes in the incubation times are analyzed considering one-to-one correspondence between the crack tip driving force and the times. Overloads contributed to compressive residual or internal stresses, thereby affecting the crack tip driving force. The stresses are related to changes in the plastic zone (PZ) sizes formed before and after the overloads. The effective stress intensity due to internal stress, K(int), is defined and is shown to be a function of PZ size. Similarly, condition for crack initiation is expressed as K(total) = K(app) +/- K(int) >= K(Iscc). A detailed methodology for the determination of K(int) is outlined. C1 [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Sadananda, K.] Tech Data Anal Inc, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0470-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900016 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Vasudevan, A. K. Sadananda, K. TI Role of Slip Mode on Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; REAGING TREATMENTS; MARAGING STEEL; MG ALLOY; RETROGRESSION; STRENGTH AB In this article, we examine the effect of aging treatment and the role of planarity of slip on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior in precipitation-hardened alloys. With aging, the slip mode can change from a planar slip in the underage (UA) to a wavy slip in the overage (OA) region. This, in turn, results in sharpening the crack tip in the UA compared to blunting in the OA condition. We propose that the planar slip enhances the stress concentration effects by making the alloys more susceptible to SCC. In addition, the planarity of slip enhances plateau velocities, reduces thresholds for SCC, and reduces component life. We show that the effect of slip planarity is somewhat similar to the effects of mechanically induced stress concentrations such as due to the presence of sharp notches. Aging treatment also causes variations in the matrix and grain boundary (GB) microstructures, along with typical mechanical and SCC properties. These properties include yield stress, work hardening rate, fracture toughness K-IC, thresholds K-Iscc, and steady-state plateau velocity (da/dt). The SCC data for a wide range of ductile alloys including 7050, 7075, 5083, 5456 Al, MAR M steels, and solid solution copper-base alloys are collected from the literature. Our assertion is that slip mode and the resulting stress concentration are important factors in SCC behavior. This is further supported by similar observations in many other systems including some steels, Al alloys, and Cu alloys. C1 [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Sadananda, K.] Tech Data Anal Inc, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0471-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900017 ER PT J AU Lee, EU Goswami, R Jones, M Vasudevan, AK AF Lee, E. U. Goswami, R. Jones, M. Vasudevan, A. K. TI Environment-Assisted Cracking in Custom 465 Stainless Steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; HIGH STRENGTH STEELS; MARAGING STEEL; FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BEHAVIOR AB The influence of cold work and aging on the environment-assisted cracking (EAC) behavior and mechanical properties of Custom 465 stainless steel (SS) was studied. Four sets of specimens were made and tested. All specimens were initially solution annealed, rapidly cooled, and refrigerated (SAR condition). The first specimen set was steel in the SAR condition. The second specimen set was aged to the H1000 condition. The third specimen set was 60 pct cold worked, and the fourth specimen set was 60 pct cold worked and aged at temperatures ranging from 755 K to 825 K (482 degrees C to 552 degrees C) for 4 hours in air. The specimens were subsequently subjected to EAC and mechanical testing. The EAC testing was conducted, using the rising step load (RSL) technique, in aqueous solutions of NaCl of pH 7.3 with concentrations ranging from 0.0035 to 3.5 pct at room temperature. The microstructure, dislocation substructure, and crack paths, resulting from the cold work, aging, or subsequent EAC testing, were examined by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aging of the cold-worked specimens induced carbide precipitation within the martensite lath, but not at the lath or packet boundaries. In the aged specimens, as aging temperature rose, the threshold stress intensity for EAC (K-IEAC), elongation, and fracture toughness increased, but the strength and hardness decreased. The K-IEAC also decreased with increasing yield strength and NaCl concentration. In the SAR and H1000 specimens, the EAC propagated along the prior austenite grain boundary, while in the cold-worked and cold-worked and aged specimens, the EAC propagated along the martensite lath, and its packet and prior austenite grain boundaries. The controlling mechanism for the observed EAC was identified to be hydrogen embrittlement. C1 [Lee, E. U.; Jones, M.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Goswami, R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lee, EU (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM eun.lee@navy.mil NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0401-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900018 ER PT J AU Abdel-Hamid, TK AF Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K. TI Single-Loop Project Controls: Reigning Paradigms or Straitjackets? SO PROJECT MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE feedback; mental models; multiloop nonlinear systems; planning and control; simulation; system dynamics ID DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING; SYSTEMS; HEALTH AB This article reports on the results from an ongoing research program to study the role mental models play in project decision making. Project management belongs to the class of multiloop nonlinear feedback systems, but most managers do not see it that way. Our experimental results suggest that managers adopt simplistic single-loop views of causality, ignore multiple feedback interactions, and are insensitive to nonlinearities. Specifically, the article examines single-loop models of project planning and control, discusses their limitations, and proposes tools to address them. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Abdel-Hamid, TK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 8756-9728 J9 PROJ MANAG J JI Proj. Manag. J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1002/pmj.20176 PG 14 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 713BQ UT WOS:000286710400003 ER PT J AU McBeth, JM Little, BJ Ray, RI Farrar, KM Emerson, D AF McBeth, Joyce M. Little, Brenda J. Ray, Richard I. Farrar, Katherine M. Emerson, David TI Neutrophilic Iron-Oxidizing "Zetaproteobacteria" and Mild Steel Corrosion in Nearshore Marine Environments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICH MICROBIAL MATS; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; DEEP-SEA; REDUCTION; AMPLIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; ENRICHMENT; DEPOSITION; SEQUENCES AB Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of mild steel in seawater is an expensive and enduring problem. Little attention has been paid to the role of neutrophilic, lithotrophic, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) in MIC. The goal of this study was to determine if marine FeOB related to Mariprofundus are involved in this process. To examine this, field incubations and laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted. Mild steel samples incubated in nearshore environments were colonized by marine FeOB, as evidenced by the presence of helical iron-encrusted stalks diagnostic of the FeOB Mariprofundus ferrooxydans, a member of the candidate class "Zetaproteobacteria." Furthermore, Mariprofundus-like cells were enriched from MIC biofilms. The presence of Zetaproteobacteria was confirmed using a Zetaproteobacteria-specific small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene primer set to amplify sequences related to M. ferrooxydans from both enrichments and in situ samples of MIC biofilms. Temporal in situ incubation studies showed a qualitative increase in stalk distribution on mild steel, suggesting progressive colonization by stalk-forming FeOB. We also isolated a novel FeOB, designated Mariprofundus sp. strain GSB2, from an iron oxide mat in a salt marsh. Strain GSB2 enhanced uniform corrosion from mild steel in laboratory microcosm experiments conducted over 4 days. Iron concentrations (including precipitates) in the medium were used as a measure of corrosion. The corrosion in biotic samples (7.4 +/- 0.1 mM) was significantly higher than that in abiotic controls (5.0 +/- 0.1 mM). These results have important implications for the role of FeOB in corrosion of steel in nearshore and estuarine environments. In addition, this work shows that the global distribution of Zetaproteobacteria is far greater than previously thought. C1 [McBeth, Joyce M.; Farrar, Katherine M.; Emerson, David] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Little, Brenda J.; Ray, Richard I.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Farrar, Katherine M.] Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP McBeth, JM (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Box 475,180 McKown Point Rd, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM jmcbeth@bigelow.org RI McBeth, Joyce/A-7454-2008 OI McBeth, Joyce/0000-0002-9022-1178 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N0001410WX20247] FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (award number N0001410WX20247). NR 51 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 77 IS 4 BP 1405 EP 1412 DI 10.1128/AEM.02095-10 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 717WM UT WOS:000287078100031 PM 21131509 ER PT J AU Tieu, KD MacGregor, JL AF Tieu, Kathy D. MacGregor, Jennifer L. TI Successful Treatment of Vulvodynia With Botulinum Toxin A SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Tieu, Kathy D.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [MacGregor, Jennifer L.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC USA. [MacGregor, Jennifer L.] Washington Inst Dermatol Laser Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Tieu, KD (reprint author), 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kathy.tieu@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 147 IS 2 BP 251 EP 252 DI 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.443 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 723VX UT WOS:000287536500025 PM 21339463 ER PT J AU Dennis, JA Martinez, OV Landy, DC Malinin, TI Morris, PR Fox, WP Buck, BE Temple, HT AF Dennis, Jeremy A. Martinez, Octavio V. Landy, David C. Malinin, Theodore I. Morris, Paul R. Fox, William P. Buck, Billy E. Temple, H. Thomas TI A comparison of two microbial detection methods used in aseptic processing of musculoskeletal allograft tissues SO CELL AND TISSUE BANKING LA English DT Article DE Allograft; Musculoskeletal tissue; Culture; Microbial; Sensitivity ID TENDON-BONE ALLOGRAFTS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CULTURES AB Tissues from 78 musculoskeletal donors were concurrently tested for microorganisms using both a swab and liquid culture method. An aggregate total of 20 organisms were detected by both methods. The swab detected 4/20 organisms while the liquid culture detected 18/20 organisms. The swab method yielded sensitivity and negative predictive values of 20 and 92.3%, respectively. Comparatively, the liquid culture displayed a sensitivity of 90% and a negative predictive value of 99%. These results clearly demonstrate that the liquid culture method is superior to swab cultures in microbial detection. Additional studies are necessary to determine the optimal culture conditions for different types of tissues when utilizing the liquid culture method. C1 [Dennis, Jeremy A.; Martinez, Octavio V.; Malinin, Theodore I.; Morris, Paul R.; Buck, Billy E.; Temple, H. Thomas] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, Tissue Bank, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Landy, David C.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, MD PhD Program, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fox, William P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Temple, HT (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, Tissue Bank, 1600 NW 10th Ave,8th Floor R-12, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM htemple@med.miami.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9333 J9 CELL TISSUE BANK JI Cell Tissue Banking PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 SI SI BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10561-009-9158-8 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cell Biology; Engineering GA 726UU UT WOS:000287752700014 PM 19806469 ER PT J AU Liu, XA Feldman, JL Cahill, DG Yang, HS Crandall, RS Bernstein, N Photiadis, DM Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Liu, Xiao Feldman, J. L. Cahill, D. G. Yang, Ho-Soon Crandall, R. S. Bernstein, N. Photiadis, D. M. Mehl, M. J. Papaconstantopoulos, D. A. TI Anomalously High Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous Silicon Films Prepared by Hot-wire Chemical Vapor Deposition SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; THIN-FILMS; ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION; NOBLE-METALS; GLASSES; SOLIDS; SI; TRANSITION; CRYSTALS; MODEL AB We report anomalously high thermal conductivities of amorphous Si (a-Si) films prepared by hot-wire chemical-vapor deposition (HWCVD) at the National Renewable Energy laboratory (NREL), that is a factor of 4 similar to 6 higher than predicted by the model of minimum thermal conductivity. The temperature dependent thermal conductivities are measured with the time-domain thermoreflectance method on two thin films and with the 3 omega method on a thick film. For all these films, the thermal conductivity shows a strong phonon mean free path dependence that has So far only been found in crystalline semiconductor alloys. Similar HWCVD a-Si films prepared at the U. Illinois do not show an enhanced thermal conductivity even though the Raman spectra of the NREL and the U. Illinois samples are essentially identical. We also applied a Kubo based theory using a tight-binding method on three 1000 atom continuous random network models. The theory gives higher thermal conductivity for more ordered models, but not high enough to explain our results, even after extrapolating to lower frequencies with a Boltzmann approach. Our results show that the thermal conductivity of a-Si depends strongly on the details of their microstructure that are not revealed by vibrational spectroscopy. C1 [Liu, Xiao; Feldman, J. L.; Bernstein, N.; Photiadis, D. M.; Mehl, M. J.; Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, J. L.; Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cahill, D. G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cahill, D. G.] Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yang, Ho-Soon] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Crandall, R. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, XA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil RI Cahill, David/B-3495-2014; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-91-ER45439]; office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant No. DEFG02-91-ER45439 and the office of Naval Research. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU PHYSICAL SOC REPUBLIC CHINA PI TAIPEI PA CHINESE JOURNAL PHYSICS PO BOX 23-30, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 0577-9073 J9 CHINESE J PHYS JI Chin. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 SI SI BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 710DC UT WOS:000286490100044 ER PT J AU Wachs, JP Kolsch, M Stern, H Edan, Y AF Wachs, Juan Pablo Koelsch, Mathias Stern, Helman Edan, Yael TI Vision-Based Hand-Gesture Applications SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION; GAMES C1 [Wachs, Juan Pablo] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Koelsch, Mathias] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Koelsch, Mathias] USN, Postgrad Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat Inst, Monterey, CA USA. [Stern, Helman; Edan, Yael] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Ind Engn & Management, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Wachs, JP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jpwachs@purdue.edu; kolsch@nps.edu; helman@bgumail.bgu.ac.il; yael@bgu.ac.il RI EDAN, YAEL/F-2112-2012; OI Wachs, Juan/0000-0002-6425-5745 FU National Research Council at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA; Paul Ivanier Center for Robotics Research & Production Management at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. It was partially supported by the Paul Ivanier Center for Robotics Research & Production Management at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. NR 54 TC 164 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 16 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1145/1897816.1897838 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 726DQ UT WOS:000287699400028 ER PT J AU Kragalott, M Kluskens, MS Zolnick, DA Dorsey, WM Valenzi, JA AF Kragalott, Mark Kluskens, Michael S. Zolnick, Dale A. Dorsey, W. Mark Valenzi, John A. TI A Toolset Independent Hybrid Method for Calculating Antenna Coupling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic coupling; electromagnetic interference (EMI); reciprocity theorem; surface equivalence ID EQUIVALENT CURRENTS; ALGORITHMS; SURFACES AB Calculation of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) between electrically large antennas mounted on ships is important for a variety of Navy problems. This paper presents a toolset independent hybrid method for calculating the power at receive antenna terminals relative to the power incident on transmit antenna terminals. The hybrid method coupling results are validated against full-wave computational electromagnetic (CEM) simulations and measurements. An advantage of the proposed hybrid approach is that CEM calculations for antenna near-fields and propagation between antennas can be executed with user-preferred tools. In addition, transmit and receive antenna calculations are executed in transmit mode independent of ship structures. Thus, antenna calculations can be stored in a library for calculation reuse and optimization of antenna placement for EMI reduction. C1 [Kragalott, Mark; Kluskens, Michael S.; Zolnick, Dale A.; Dorsey, W. Mark; Valenzi, John A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kragalott, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.kragalott@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2096403 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YN UT WOS:000286931700012 ER PT J AU Killian, TN Rao, SM Baginski, ME AF Killian, Tyler N. Rao, Sadasiva M. Baginski, Michael E. TI Electromagnetic Scattering From Electrically Large Arbitrarily-Shaped Conductors Using the Method of Moments and a New Null-Field Generation Technique SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Fast method; large-body problems; method of moments (MoM); RWG basis AB In this work, a new numerical procedure is developed to apply the well-known method of moments (MoM) formulation to electrically large conducting bodies of arbitrary shape. The numerical procedure involves developing a combination of subdomain-entire domain basis functions which result in a sparse moment matrix as opposed to a full matrix in the traditional method. Moreover, the zeros in the MoM matrix are precisely at the same locations where one would have encountered the most significant values. The solution of the new matrix may be obtained using the simple Gauss-Seidel iterative procedure with only two or three iterations. All the traditional advantages of the MoM procedure are retained including the solution for multiple incident fields. Several numerical results are presented to illustrate the validity of the new approach. C1 [Killian, Tyler N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Signature Technol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rao, Sadasiva M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baginski, Michael E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Killian, TN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Signature Technol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM tyler.killian@gtri.gatech.edu; sadasiva.rao@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 537 EP 545 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2096186 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YN UT WOS:000286931700022 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE Blackwell, DD Tejero, EM Cothran, CD Rudakov, L Ganguli, GI Walker, DN AF Amatucci, W. E. Blackwell, David D. Tejero, Erik M. Cothran, Christopher D. Rudakov, L. Ganguli, Gurudas I. Walker, David N. TI Whistler Wave Resonances in Laboratory Plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Laboratory plasma; standing wave; whistler wave ID CONE; RADIATION AB Standing whistler wave patterns have been investigated in the Naval Research Laboratory's Space Physics Simulation Chamber. In the original experimental configuration, partial reflection of the antenna-launched whistler waves from the chamber end boundaries occurs, setting up a combination of standing and traveling waves. By controlling the axial magnetic field strength profile, cyclotron absorption of the whistler waves can be induced before reflection occurs, leaving only the forward propagating waves. By comparing standing-wave amplitudes to that when the wave is prevented from reflecting, cavity Q's in excess of 30 have been observed. Under uniform axial magnetic field conditions, the addition of planar conducting grids across the vacuum chamber cross section at the ends of the plasma column provides improved reflecting surfaces and corresponding increases in the value of Q. C1 [Amatucci, W. E.; Blackwell, David D.; Ganguli, Gurudas I.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tejero, Erik M.; Cothran, Christopher D.; Walker, David N.] Global Strategies Grp N Amer Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bill.amatucci@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2096235 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 717ZN UT WOS:000287088000002 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, SK Jensen, ED Ridgway, SH AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie K. Jensen, Eric D. Ridgway, Sam H. TI Evaluation of population health among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at the United States Navy Marine Mammal Program SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AGE STRUCTURE; SEA LIONS; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; GROWTH; RATES AB Objective-To evaluate health indicators for a population of bottlenose dolphins in the US Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP) by use of data acquired from 1988 through 2007. Design-Retrospective cohort study. Animals-167 bottlenose dolphins. Procedures-The following indicators were used to evaluate the health of dolphins during the 20-year period: 5-year age structure, median survival age, annual survival rates, mortality rates, and neonatal and calf survival and mortality rates. Limitations of these population measurements as health indicators for dolphins were assessed. Results-Crude mortality rates of dolphins for 1988 through 1992, 1993 through 1997, 1998 through 2002, and 2003 through 2007 were 3.1%, 4.7%, 3.6%, and 2.4%, respectively; during these same 4 study periods, median survival ages were 14.3, 14.4, 17.7, and 26.1 years, respectively, and mean survival rates were 0.98, 0.97, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively. From 1988 through 1997, 1998 through 2002, and 2003 through 2007, neonatal mortality rates were 4 of 16, 5 of 20, and 2 of 14 neonates, respectively. During these 3 study periods, mean annual survival rates for calves < 3 years old (excluding neonates that died at <= 30 days old) were 0.97 0.92, and 0.99, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Although there were limitations to the measurement of some health indicators, use of multiple methods indicated that the health of dolphins in the MMP population was comparable to, if not better than, that published for other dolphin populations. The MMP population of dolphins may provide useful reference values of health indicators for use in assessment of other managed dolphin populations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011;238:356-360) C1 [Venn-Watson, Stephanie K.; Ridgway, Sam H.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Venn-Watson, SK (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie@epitracker.com NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 238 IS 3 BP 356 EP 360 DI 10.2460/javma.238.3.356 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 712CR UT WOS:000286642800045 PM 21281220 ER PT J AU Reddy, ALM Kumar, A Currano, LJ Churaman, W Dubey, M Ajayan, PM AF Reddy, Arava Leela Mohana Kumar, Ashavani Currano, Luke J. Churaman, Wayne Dubey, Madan Ajayan, Pulickel M. TI Thermal Decomposition Properties of NaClO4 Functionalized CNT Arrays SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT); Chemical Vapor Deposition; Thermal Properties; Functionalization and Sodiumperchlorate ID SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPOSITE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; MANAGEMENT AB Aligned CNT mats were prepared by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method by exposing a mixture of ferrocene and xylene vapor to the SiO2/Si substrates. Aligned CNT mats functionalized with reactive chemicals without disturbing CNT alignment were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman and XPS. The thermal stability of the CNT, CNT-OH and CNT-NaClO4 are investigated using TG-DSC analysis. Oxidation and combustion temperatures of CNT mats were found to be decreased by functionalizing the CNT mats with NaClO4. C1 [Reddy, Arava Leela Mohana; Kumar, Ashavani; Ajayan, Pulickel M.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Currano, Luke J.; Churaman, Wayne; Dubey, Madan] USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Reddy, ALM (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Arava, Leela Mohana Reddy/J-3180-2015 FU US Army Research Laboratory; Rice University FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the US Army Research Laboratory and Rice University. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.1166/jnn.2011.3054 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 718ZZ UT WOS:000287167900029 PM 21456147 ER PT J AU Liacouras, P Garnes, J Roman, N Petrich, A Grant, GT AF Liacouras, Peter Garnes, Jonathan Roman, Norberto Petrich, Anton Grant, Gerald T. TI DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING AN AURICULAR PROSTHESIS USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, 3-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGING, AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A CLINICAL REPORT SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING FACIAL PROSTHESES; CAD/CAM TECHNIQUES; FABRICATION; EAR; INTEGRATION; CAD AB The method of fabricating an auricular prosthesis by digitally positioning a mirror image of the soft tissue, then designing and using rapid prototyping to produce the mold, can reduce the steps and time needed to create a prosthesis by the traditional approach of sculpting either wax or clay. The purpose of this clinical report is to illustrate how the use of 3-dimensional (3-D) photography, computer technology, and additive manufacturing can extensively reduce many of the preliminary procedures currently used to create an auricular prosthesis. (J Prosthet Dent 2011;105:78-82) C1 [Liacouras, Peter] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Med Applicat Ctr 3D, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Petrich, Anton] USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Maxillofacial Prosthet Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Grant, Gerald T.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Liacouras, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Med Applicat Ctr 3D, Dept Radiol, Bldg 2,Room 1X36,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Peter.liacouras@amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 23 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 105 IS 2 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(11)60002-4 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 727GC UT WOS:000287784900002 PM 21262404 ER PT J AU Wu, C Rogers, D Olson, G Cerilli, L AF Wu, C. Rogers, D. Olson, G. Cerilli, L. TI Development of a Comprehensive Surgical Pathology Website for Teaching and Self-Assessment at the Resident and Clinical Practice Level SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the United States and Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2011 CL San Antonio, TX SP Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Hosp Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 91 SU 1 MA 555 BP 133A EP 133A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 716ZG UT WOS:000287011400557 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Cox, LA AF Brown, Gerald G. Cox, Louis Anthony (Tony), Jr. TI Making Terrorism Risk Analysis Less Harmful and More Useful: Another Try Response SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter C1 [Brown, Gerald G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ggbrown@nps.navy.mil; TCoxDenver@aol.com NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01563.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 727BH UT WOS:000287771800003 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Cox, LA AF Brown, Gerald G. Cox, Louis Anthony (Tony), Jr. TI How Probabilistic Risk Assessment Can Mislead Terrorism Risk Analysts SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Decision analysis; expert elicitation; terrorism risk analysis AB Traditional probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), of the type originally developed for engineered systems, is still proposed for terrorism risk analysis. We show that such PRA applications are unjustified in general. The capacity of terrorists to seek and use information and to actively research different attack options before deciding what to do raises unique features of terrorism risk assessment that are not adequately addressed by conventional PRA for natural and engineered systems-in part because decisions based on such PRA estimates do not adequately hedge against the different probabilities that attackers may eventually act upon. These probabilities may differ from the defender's (even if the defender's experts are thoroughly trained, well calibrated, unbiased probability assessors) because they may be conditioned on different information. We illustrate the fundamental differences between PRA and terrorism risk analysis, and suggest use of robust decision analysis for risk management when attackers may know more about some attack options than we do. C1 [Cox, Louis Anthony (Tony), Jr.] Cox Associates, Denver, CO 80218 USA. [Brown, Gerald G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cox, LA (reprint author), Cox Associates, 503 Franklin St, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM TCoxDenver@aol.com NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01492.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 727BH UT WOS:000287771800004 PM 20846169 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Lu, KC Elsberry, RL Lu, MM Sui, CH AF Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Lu, Kuo-Chen Elsberry, Russell L. Lu, Mong-Ming Sui, Chung-Hsiung TI Tropical Cyclone-like Vortices Detection in the NCEP 16-Day Ensemble System over the Western North Pacific in 2008: Application and Forecast Evaluation SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; CLIMATE MODEL; ATLANTIC; FREQUENCY; CYCLOGENESIS; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; HEMISPHERE AB An automated technique has been developed for the detection and tracking of tropical cyclone like vortices (TCLVs) in numerical weather prediction models, and especially for ensemble-based models. A TCLV is detected in the model grid when selected dynamic and thermodynamic fields meet specified criteria. A backward-and-forward extension from the mature stage of the track is utilized to complete the track. In addition, a fuzzy logic approach is utilized to calculate the TCLV fuzzy combined-likelihood value (TFCV) for representing the TCLV characteristics in the ensemble forecast outputs. The primary objective of the TCLV tracking and TFCV maps is for use as an evaluation tool for the operational forecasters. It is demonstrated that this algorithm efficiently extracts western North Pacific TCLV information from the vast amount of ensemble data from the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). The predictability of typhoon formation and activity during June December 2008 is also evaluated. The TCLV track numbers and TFCV averages around the formation locations during the 0-96-h period are more skillful than for the 102-384-h forecasts. Compared to weak tropical cyclones (TCs; maximum intensity <= 50 kt), the storms that eventually become stronger TCs do have larger TFCVs. Depending on the specified domain size and the ensemble track numbers to define a forecast event, some skill is indicated in predicting the named TC activity. Although this evaluation with the 2008 typhoon season indicates some potential, an evaluation with a larger sample is necessary to statistically verify the reliability of the GEFS forecasts. C1 [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung; Lu, Kuo-Chen; Lu, Mong-Ming] Cent Weather Bur, Weather Forecast Ctr, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sui, Chung-Hsiung] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Sui, Chung-Hsiung] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. RP Lu, KC (reprint author), Cent Weather Bur, Weather Forecast Ctr, 64 Gongyuan Rd, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. EM gcleu@cwb.gov.tw OI SUI, CHUNG-HSIUNG/0000-0003-2842-5660 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222415.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725FR UT WOS:000287631100005 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Cooper, KP AF Pande, C. S. Cooper, K. P. TI On the analytical solution for self-similar grain size distributions in two dimensions SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain size distribution; Grain growth; Stochastic model ID STOCHASTIC-THEORY; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; FILMS AB In a recent publication an analytical solution of the Fokker-Planck continuity equation for the grain size distribution for two-dimensional grain growth in the long time limit (self-similar state) was provided. It used von Neumann-Mullins law and the results of Rios and Glicksman, but was based on a stochastic formulation first proposed by Pande. In this paper this analytical solution is compared with experimental and computer simulation distributions. It is found that grain size distribution, as obtained by simulations of two-dimensional grain growth, although in agreement with our analytical results, may in fact differ from experimentally obtained grain size distributions in thin films. It is also shown mathematically that in the two limiting cases the general solution is reduced to the Hillert or Rayleigh distributions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Pande, C. S.; Cooper, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM khershed.cooper@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 3 BP 955 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.10.019 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 712TW UT WOS:000286690100010 ER PT J AU Slabaugh, MMA Frank, RM Van Thiel, GS Bell, RM Wang, VM Trenhaile, S Provencher, MT Romeo, AA Verma, NN AF Slabaugh, Maj Mark A. Frank, Rachel M. Van Thiel, Geoffrey S. Bell, Rebecca M. Wang, Vincent M. Trenhaile, Scott Provencher, Matthew T. Romeo, Anthony A. Verma, Nikhil N. TI Biceps Tenodesis With Interference Screw Fixation: A Biomechanical Comparison of Screw Length and Diameter SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LONG-HEAD; PORCINE MODEL; FIT FIXATION; TENDON; BRACHII; TENOTOMY; STRENGTH; REPAIR AB Purpose: To evaluate the effect of screw length and diameter on the mechanical properties of biceps tenodesis (BT) with an interference screw in 2 different locations (proximal and distal). Methods: We randomized 42 fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 65 8 years) into 6 groups (n = 7): arthroscopic proximal BT using 7 x 15-, 7 x 25-, 8 x 15-, or 8 x 25-mm interference screws or distal subpectoral BT with 7 x 15-or 8 x 15-mm interference screws. Each repaired specimen was mounted onto a materials testing machine, preloaded to 5 N for 2 minutes, cycled from 5 to 70 N for 500 cycles (1 Hz), and loaded to failure (1 mm/s). Displacement during cyclical loading, pullout stiffness, and ultimate load to failure were computed, and the mechanism of failure was noted. Results: All failures occurred at the tendon-screw interface. There was no statistically significant difference in ultimate displacement among all groups in the ultimate load to failure, displacement at peak load, and stiffness. Conclusions: There is no difference in ultimate load to failure, displacement at peak load, and stiffness of BT with regard to screw length or diameter at both proximal and distal tenodesis locations. These data would support use of a smaller-diameter and shorter implant for BT both proximally and distally. Clinical Relevance: The results may serve as a guide to the orthopaedic surgeon performing proximal BT in selecting the appropriate interference screw. When possible, we recommend using the smallest screw size available to minimize risk of stress fracture at the tenodesis site. C1 [Slabaugh, Maj Mark A.; Frank, Rachel M.; Van Thiel, Geoffrey S.; Bell, Rebecca M.; Wang, Vincent M.; Romeo, Anthony A.; Verma, Nikhil N.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rush Med Coll,Div Sports Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Trenhaile, Scott] Rockford Orthoped Associates, Rockford, IL USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Verma, NN (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rush Med Coll,Div Sports Med, 1725 W Harrison Ave,Ste 1063, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM nverma@rushortho.com OI Frank, Rachel/0000-0002-1120-0521; Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 FU Arthrex, Naples, Florida FX The specimens and implants were provided by Smith & Nephew, Andover, Massachusetts. N.N.V. is a consultant and receives research support from Smith & Nephew. A.A.R. is a consultant and receives research support from Arthrex, Naples, Florida. The other authors report no conflict of interest. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2010.07.004 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 709SD UT WOS:000286460800005 PM 21030205 ER PT J AU Anderson, GE Gaensler, BM Kaplan, DL Posselt, B Slane, PO Murray, SS Mauerhan, JC Benjamin, RA Brogan, CL Chakrabarty, D Drake, JJ Drew, JE Grindlay, JE Hong, J Lazio, TJW Lee, JC Steeghs, DTH van Kerkwijk, MH AF Anderson, Gemma E. Gaensler, B. M. Kaplan, David L. Posselt, Bettina Slane, Patrick O. Murray, Stephen S. Mauerhan, Jon C. Benjamin, Robert A. Brogan, Crystal L. Chakrabarty, Deepto Drake, Jeremy J. Drew, Janet E. Grindlay, Jonathan E. Hong, Jaesub Lazio, T. Joseph W. Lee, Julia C. Steeghs, Danny T. H. van Kerkwijk, Marten H. TI IDENTIFICATION OF A POPULATION OF X-RAY-EMITTING MASSIVE STARS IN THE GALACTIC PLANE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: winds, outflows; stars: Wolf-Rayet; supergiants; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (AX J163252-4746, AX J184738-0156, AX J144701-5919, AX J144547-5931); X-rays: stars ID H-II REGIONS; CARINA OB1 ASSOCIATION; RADIO-EMISSION MODELS; WIND BINARY-SYSTEMS; COLLIDING WINDS; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; SOURCE CATALOG; VIITH CATALOG; INNER GALAXY; HOT STARS AB We present X-ray, infrared, optical, and radio observations of four previously unidentified Galactic plane X-ray sources: AX J163252-4746, AX J184738-0156, AX J144701-5919, and AX J144547-5931. Detection of each source with the Chandra X-ray Observatory has provided sub-arcsecond localizations, which we use to identify bright infrared counterparts to all four objects. Infrared and optical spectroscopy of these counterparts demonstrate that all four X-ray sources are extremely massive stars, with spectral classifications: Ofpe/WN9 (AX J163252-4746), WN7 (AX J184738-0156 = WR121a), WN7-8h (AX J144701-5919), and OIf(+) (AX J144547-5931). AX J163252-4746 and AX J184738-0156 are both luminous, hard, X-ray emitters with strong Fe XXV emission lines in their X-ray spectra at similar to 6.7 keV. The multi-wavelength properties of AX J163252-4746 and AX J184738-0156 are not consistent with isolated massive stars or accretion onto a compact companion; we conclude that their X-ray emission is most likely generated in a colliding-wind binary (CWB) system. For both AX J144701-5919 and AX J144547-5931, the X-ray emission is an order of magnitude less luminous and with a softer spectrum. These properties are consistent with a CWB interpretation for these two sources also, but other mechanisms for the generation of X-rays cannot be excluded. There are many other as yet unidentified X-ray sources in the Galactic plane, with X-ray properties similar to those seen for AX J163252-4746, AX J184738-0156, AX J144701-5919, and AX J144547-5931. This may indicate a substantial population of X-ray-emitting massive stars and CWBs in the Milky Way. C1 [Anderson, Gemma E.; Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron, Sch Phys A29, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Kaplan, David L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Posselt, Bettina; Slane, Patrick O.; Murray, Stephen S.; Drake, Jeremy J.; Grindlay, Jonathan E.; Hong, Jaesub; Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mauerhan, Jon C.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Benjamin, Robert A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Brogan, Crystal L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Chakrabarty, Deepto] MIT, MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chakrabarty, Deepto] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Drew, Janet E.] Univ Hertfordshire, STRI, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Lazio, T. Joseph W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steeghs, Danny T. H.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [van Kerkwijk, Marten H.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RP Anderson, GE (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron, Sch Phys A29, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM g.anderson@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015; OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588; Anderson, Gemma/0000-0001-6544-8007; Posselt, Bettina/0000-0003-2317-9747; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558; Drew, Janet/0000-0003-1192-7082 FU Australian Postgraduate Award; Australian Research Council [FF0561298]; NASA, STScI [51230.01-A, NAS 5-26555]; NASA [NAS8-03060, NAS8-39073, GO9-0155X]; STFC; NRL; Commonwealth of Australia for operation; NFS FX Special thanks goes to Michael Muno for his encouragement, expertise, and participation in this project. We also thank Sean Farrell, Stan Owocki, and Nathan Smith for their advice and help with this research and the referee for his or her constructive response and suggestions. G. E. A acknowledges the support of an Australian Postgraduate Award. B. M. G. acknowledges the support of a Federation Fellowship from the Australian Research Council through grant FF0561298. D. L. K. was supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant 51230.01-A awarded by the STScI, which is operated by AURA, for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. P.O.S. acknowledges partial support from NASA Contract NAS8-03060. D. T. H. S. acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fellowship. J.J.D was supported by NASA contract NAS8-39073 to the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC). Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1 Base funding. Support for this work was also provided by NASA through Chandra Award Number GO9-0155X issued by the CXC, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA. This research makes use of data obtained with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and software provided by the CXC in the application packages CIAO and Sherpa. OSIRIS is a collaborative project between Ohio State University and CTIO. Observing time on the 6.5m Clay and Baade Magellan Telescopes, located at Las Campanas Observatory, was allocated through the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The ATCA, part of the Australia Telescope, is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. This publication makes use of data products from the second catalogue of serendipitous X-ray sources (2XMMi) from the European Space Agency's (ESA) XMM-Newton observatory. These data were accessed through the Leicester Database and Archive Service at Leicester University, UK. 2MASS is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the IPAC/Caltech, funded by the NASA and NFS. GLIMPSE survey data are part of the Spitzer Legacy Program. The Spitzer Space Telescope is operated by the JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 88 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 2 AR 105 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/105 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712JE UT WOS:000286662000044 ER PT J AU Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR Crenshaw, DM Melendez, M Turner, TJ Guainazzi, M Mushotzky, RF AF Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. Crenshaw, D. M. Melendez, M. Turner, T. J. Guainazzi, M. Mushotzky, R. F. TI MULTI-WAVELENGTH PROBES OF OBSCURATION TOWARD THE NARROW-LINE REGION IN SEYFERT GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: Seyfert ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SELECTED SAMPLE; SPACE-TELESCOPE SURVEY; X-RAY-EMISSION; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; NEARBY GALAXIES; SPITZER-IRS; MU-M; CIRCUMNUCLEAR DUST AB We present a study of reddening and absorption toward the narrow line regions (NLRs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the Revised Shapley-Ames, 12 mu m, and Swift/Burst Alert Telescope samples. For the sources in host galaxies with inclinations of b/a > 0.5, we find that the mean ratio of [O III] lambda 5007, from ground-based observations, and [O IV] 28.59 mu m, from Spitzer/Infrared Spectrograph observations, is a factor of two lower in Seyfert 2s than Seyfert 1s. The combination of low [O III]/[O IV] and [O III] lambda 4363/lambda 5007 ratios in Seyfert 2s suggests more extinction of emission from the NLR than in Seyfert 1s. Similar column densities of dusty gas, N-H similar to several x 10(21) cm(-2), can account for the suppression of both [O III] lambda 5007 and [O III] lambda 4363, as compared to those observed in Seyfert 1s. Also, we find that the X-ray line O VII lambda 22.1 angstrom is weaker in Seyfert 2s, consistent with absorption by the same gas that reddens the optical emission. Using a Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph slitless spectrum of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we estimate that only similar to 30% of the [O III] lambda 5007 comes from within 30 pc of the central source, which is insufficient to account for the low [O III]/[O IV] ratios in Seyfert 2s. If Seyfert 2 galaxies have similar intrinsic [O III] spatial profiles, the external dusty gas must extend further out along the NLR, perhaps in the form of nuclear dust spirals that have been associated with fueling flows toward the AGN. C1 [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Astron Off, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Melendez, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Henry A Rowland Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Turner, T. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Guainazzi, M.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Mushotzky, R. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kraemer, SB (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. FU NRL; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Basic research in Astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1 base funding. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Juliette Buet for her assistance with this project. We thank an anonymous referee for valuable suggestions. NR 114 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 2 AR 130 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/130 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712JE UT WOS:000286662000069 ER PT J AU Wik, DR Sarazin, CL Finoguenov, A Baumgartner, WH Mushotzky, RF Okajima, T Tueller, J Clarke, TE AF Wik, Daniel R. Sarazin, Craig L. Finoguenov, Alexis Baumgartner, Wayne H. Mushotzky, Richard F. Okajima, Takashi Tueller, Jack Clarke, Tracy E. TI THE LACK OF DIFFUSE, NON-THERMAL HARD X-RAY EMISSION IN THE COMA CLUSTER: THE SWIFT BURST ALERT TELESCOPE'S EYE VIEW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (Coma); intergalactic medium; magnetic fields; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID OPHIUCHUS GALAXY CLUSTER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; XMM-NEWTON; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; INTEGRAL IBIS/ISGRI; FARADAY-ROTATION; CRAB-NEBULA; ENERGY; SPECTRUM AB The Coma Cluster of galaxies hosts the brightest radio halo known and has therefore been the target of numerous searches for associated inverse Compton (IC) emission, particularly at hard X-ray energies where the IC signal must eventually dominate over thermal emission. The most recent search with the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector failed to confirm previous IC detections with RXTE and BeppoSAX, instead setting an upper limit 2.5 times below their non-thermal flux. However, this discrepancy can be resolved if the IC emission is very extended, beyond the scale of the cluster radio halo. Using reconstructed sky images from the 58-month Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) all-sky survey, the feasibility of such a solution is investigated. Building on Renaud et al., we test and implement a method for extracting the fluxes of extended sources, assuming specified spatial distributions. BAT spectra are jointly fit with an XMM-Newton EPIC-pn spectrum derived from mosaic observations. We find no evidence for large-scale IC emission at the level expected from the previously detected non-thermal fluxes. For all non-thermal spatial distributions considered, which span the gamut of physically reasonable IC models, we determine upper limits for which the largest (most conservative) limit is less than or similar to 4.2x10(-12) erg s(-1) cm(-2) (20-80 keV), which corresponds to a lower limit on the magnetic field B > 0.2 mu G. A nominal flux upper limit of <2.7x10(-12) erg s(-1) cm(-2), with corresponding B > 0.25 mu G, is derived for the most probable IC distribution given the size of the radio halo and likely magnetic field radial profile. C1 [Wik, Daniel R.; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Okajima, Takashi; Tueller, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Finoguenov, Alexis] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Finoguenov, Alexis] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Mushotzky, Richard F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Clarke, Tracy E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wik, DR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM daniel.r.wik@nasa.gov RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 FU University of Virginia; NASA [NNX08AZ99G, NNX09AH25G, NNX09AH74G, NNX08AZ34G, NNX08AW83G]; Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL FX We thank W. Reich who kindly provided us with the Deiss et al. (1997) radio image, C. B. Markwardt who explained to us (and wrote) many of the BAT software analysis routines used in this work, D. Kushnir and E. Waxman for helpful comments and pointing out a small error, and the referee D. Eckert for helpful comments that particularly improved the clarity of the paper. D. R. W. was supported by a University of Virginia GSAS Dissertation Year Fellowship and a Virginia Space Grant Consortium Fellowship. D. R. W. and C. L. S. were supported in part by NASA through Suzaku grants NNX08AZ99G, NNX09AH25G, and NNX09AH74G, and XMM-Newton grants NNX08AZ34G and NNX08AW83G. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1 Base funding. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 2 AR 119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/119 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712JE UT WOS:000286662000058 ER PT J AU Kao, CH Robertson, C Kragh, F Lin, K AF Kao, Chi-Han Robertson, Clark Kragh, Frank Lin, Kyle TI Performance analysis and simulations of 32-ary cyclic code-shift keying SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cyclic code-shift keying (CCSK); joint tactical information distribution system (JTIDS); link-16 AB Cyclic code-shift keying (CCSK) is the baseband 32-ary symbol modulation scheme used by the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), the communication terminal for Link-16. CCSK is not orthogonal and an analytic expression for the probability of symbol error for CCSK has thus far been elusive. In this paper, an analytic upper bound on the probability of symbol error of CCSK is derived for the 32-chip CCSK starting sequence chosen for JTIDS. The analytically obtained probability of symbol error is compared with two different Monte Carlo simulations for additive white Gaussian noise. The results of both simulations match the analytic results very well and show that the analytic method yields a tight upper bound. A new 32-chip CCSK starting sequence which has a smaller maximum off-peak cross-correlation value than the current JTIDS starting sequence is proposed and evaluated both analytically and by simulation. The results obtained for the new CCSK starting sequence compare favorably with the CCSK starting sequence chosen for JTIDS. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Robertson, Clark; Kragh, Frank] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kao, Chi-Han] Chinese Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung 81300, Taiwan. [Lin, Kyle] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kragh, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM frank.kragh@ieee.org OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1074-5351 J9 INT J COMMUN SYST JI Int. J. Commun. Syst. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1002/dac.1153 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 718YB UT WOS:000287161400008 ER PT J AU Hair, LC Deyle, G AF Hair, Leslie C. Deyle, Gail TI Eosinophilic Granuloma in a Patient With Hip Pain SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hair, Leslie C.] USN, Special Warfare Grp 4, Virginia Beach, VA USA. [Deyle, Gail] Baylor Univ, Grad Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Deyle, Gail] Army Baylor Univ, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Deyle, Gail] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hair, LC (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Grp 4, Virginia Beach, VA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 119 EP 119 DI 10.2519/jospt.2011.0404 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 718ZG UT WOS:000287164600012 PM 21285527 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, R Wolstenholme, R Blackledge, RD Clench, MR Ferguson, LS Francese, S AF Bradshaw, Robert Wolstenholme, Rosalind Blackledge, Robert D. Clench, Malcolm R. Ferguson, Leesa S. Francese, Simona TI A novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging based methodology for the identification of sexual assault suspects SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DUSTED LATENT FINGERMARKS; PERSONAL LUBRICANTS; FORENSIC ANALYSIS; CONDOM; SURFACTANTS; CASEWORK; SAMPLES; DRUGS; TIME; MS AB An increase in the use of condoms by sexual offenders has been observed. This is likely to be due both to the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and to prevent the transfer of DNA evidence. In this scenario the detection of condom lubricants at a crime scene could aid in proving corpus delicti. Here we show a novel application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI) for mapping the fingermark ridge pattern simultaneously to the detection of the condom lubricant within the fingermark itself. Two condom brands have been investigated to prove the concept. Condoms were handled producing lubricant-contaminated fingermarks. Images of the ridge pattern were obtained simultaneously to the detection of two lubricants, even several weeks after the fingermark deposition. The results therefore show the potential of MALDI MSI to link the suspect (identification through fingermark ridge pattern) to the crime (detection of condom lubricant) in one analysis. This would enable forensic scientists to provide evidence with stronger support in alleged cases of sexual assault. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bradshaw, Robert; Wolstenholme, Rosalind; Clench, Malcolm R.; Ferguson, Leesa S.; Francese, Simona] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. [Blackledge, Robert D.] USN, Criminal Invest Serv, Reg Forens Lab, San Diego, CA USA. RP Francese, S (reprint author), Sheffield Hallam Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Howard St, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. EM s.francese@shu.ac.uk OI Clench, Malcolm/0000-0002-0798-831X NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1002/rcm.4858 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 718LY UT WOS:000287124300003 PM 21213360 ER PT J AU Olson, TY Schwartzberg, AM Liu, JL Zhang, JZ AF Olson, Tammy Y. Schwartzberg, Adam M. Liu, Jinny L. Zhang, Jin Z. TI Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Detection of Domoic Acid and Saxitoxin SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; SERS; Silver nanoparticles; Domoic acid; Saxitoxin; Detection ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; RECEPTOR-BINDING ASSAY; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; SCATTERING SERS; PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; GOLD ELECTRODES; RAPID DETECTION; SILVER SOL; AMINO-ACID AB The use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detecting domoic acid and saxitoxin was demonstrated and vibrational modes have been assigned based on the current literature. Silver nanoparticles were used to obtain the SERS spectra of domoic acid for the first time, which displayed enhancement of nearly 70 times the normal Raman spectra. Unique features in the SERS spectrum of domoic acid allowed the binding effect and orientation of the domoic acid to the metal surface to be analyzed. Saxitoxin exhibited an undetectable normal Raman signal but revealed very prominent SERS peaks. SERS peak positions closely matched published experimental and theoretical values, but with different peak ratios, indicating variance in molecule-nanoparticle interaction depending on the SERS substrate utilized. SERS is demonstrated as a powerful analytical tool for detecting toxins at low concentration with molecular specificity and shows immense potential for fast and remote sensing of toxins in various applications. C1 [Olson, Tammy Y.; Zhang, Jin Z.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Olson, Tammy Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Schwartzberg, Adam M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Jinny L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM zhang@chemistry.ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation; University Affiliated Research Center at NASA Ames; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX We are grateful for financial support from the National Science Foundation, University Affiliated Research Center at NASA Ames, and the Lawrence Scholar Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We would like to thank Dr. Christian Grant for his helpful discussions and Drs. Nikolai Lebedev and Chris Spillmann for their helpful review comments. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1366/10-05910 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 710XE UT WOS:000286549500005 ER PT J AU Holmes, JP Clifton, GT Patil, R Benavides, LC Gates, JD Stojadinovic, A Mittendorf, EA Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Holmes, Jarrod P. Clifton, Guy T. Patil, Ritesh Benavides, Linda C. Gates, Jeremy D. Stojadinovic, Alexander Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Use of Booster Inoculations to Sustain the Clinical Effect of an Adjuvant Breast Cancer Vaccine From US Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-01 and I-02 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; HER-2/neu peptide vaccine; E75; booster ID T-CELL MEMORY; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HER2/NEU E75 VACCINE; PHASE-II TRIAL; ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; MELANOMA VACCINE; PEPTIDE VACCINE; DENDRITIC CELLS; OVARIAN-CANCER; IN-VIVO AB BACKGROUND: The authors are conducting clinical trials of the HER-2/neu E75-peptide vaccine in clinically disease-free breast cancer (BC) patients. Their phase 1-2 trials revealed that the E75 + granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) vaccine is safe and effective in stimulating clonal expansion of E75-specific CD8(+) T cells. They assessed the need for and response to a booster after completion of primary vaccination series. METHODS: BC patients enrolled in the E75 vaccine trials who were >= 6 months from completion of their primary vaccination series were offered boosters with E75 + GM-CSF. Patients were monitored for toxicity. E75-specific CD8(+) T cells were quantified using the human leukocyte antigen-A2: immunoglobulin G dimer before and after boosting. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients received the vaccine booster. Median time from primary vaccination series was 9 months (range, 6-35 months), and median residual E75-specific immunity was 0.70% (range, 0-3.49%) CD8(+) lymphocytes. Elevated residual immunity (ERI) (CD8(+) E75-specific T cells >0.5%) was seen in 94.4% of patients at 6 months from primary vaccination series versus 48% of patients at >6 months (P = .002). The booster was well tolerated, with only grade 1 and 2 toxicity observed. Local reactions were more robust in patients receiving the booster at 6 months from primary vaccination series compared with those at >6 months (99.4 +/- 6.1 mm vs 81.8 +/- 4.1 mm, P = .01). In patients lacking ERI, 85% had increased ERI after vaccination (P = .0014). CONCLUSIONS: The HER-2/neu E75 peptide vaccine E75 stimulates specific immunity in disease-free BC patients. However, immunity wanes with time. A vaccine booster is safe and effective in stimulating E75-specific immunity in those patients without ERI. These results suggest that the booster may be most effective at 6 months after completion of the primary vaccination series. Cancer 2011;117:463-71. Published 2010 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Clifton, Guy T.; Benavides, Linda C.; Gates, Jeremy D.; Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Patil, Ritesh] Joyce Murtha Breast Canc Ctr, Windber, PA USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Mittendorf, Elizabeth A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ponniah, Sathibalan; Peoples, George E.] US Mil Canc Inst, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Ponniah, Sathibalan; Peoples, George E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM george.peoples@amedd.army.mil FU United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center FX Supported by the United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Dr. Peoples has inventor rights. The E75 vaccine is licensed to Apthera, Inc. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 117 IS 3 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1002/cncr.25586 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 709JC UT WOS:000286433300010 PM 20845479 ER PT J AU McIlhany, KL Wiggins, S AF McIlhany, Kevin L. Wiggins, Stephen TI Optimizing mixing in channel flows: kinematic aspects associated with secondary flows in the cross-section SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE Mixing; Chaotic advection; Channel flow; Kinematic model; Secondary flow; Eulerian indicators ID CHAOTIC ADVECTION; MICROMIXERS; DESIGN; MIXER AB We consider an Eulerian predictor of optimal mixing appropriate for steady, three-dimensional channel flow of the type that is commonly used in a variety of microfluidic mixing applications. This Eulerian indicator is applied to a kinematic model of the channel flow that allows one to control the flow structure of the secondary flows and the number of distinct secondary flows. The cases of two and three distinct secondary flows are considered and the Eulerian indicator predicts the optimal flow structure in the two secondary flow case and in the three secondary flow case that result in the best mixing. Moreover, it is shown that the case of three secondary flows mixes "optimally" (i.e., faster and more completely) than the case of two secondary flows. An explanation of this difference is given in terms of the Eulerian flow structure. C1 [McIlhany, Kevin L.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Wiggins, Stephen] Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. RP McIlhany, KL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Stop 9C,572C Holloway RD, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mcilhany@usna.edu; s.wiggins@bristol.ac.uk FU ONR [N00014-01-1-0769, N00014-09-WR-2-0256]; NSF FX We have benefited very much from conversations with Elaine Oran and David Mott of the Naval Research Laboratory and Greg Voth from Wesleyan University. This research was supported by ONR grant no. N00014-01-1-0769 and No. N00014-09-WR-2-0256. SW would like to acknowledge the stimulating environment of the NSF sponsored Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota, where this work was begun. KLM would like to thank Jeremy Bruch and Reza Malek-Madani for so many useful conversations. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10404-010-0656-6 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 711TZ UT WOS:000286615600002 ER PT J AU DiCarlo-Meacham, LTA Dahlke, LCDRJ AF DiCarlo-Meacham, L. T. Angela Dahlke, L. C. D. R. Joshua TI Atrial Fibrillation in Pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Physiologic changes of pregnancy can predispose women to cardiac arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation is rare in pregnancy and usually occurs in women with underlying cardiac anomalies. CASE: A young woman at 22 weeks of gestation presented with new-onset atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Thorough evaluation revealed atrial fibrillation with no underlying cause and ultimately required treatment with electrical cardioversion. CONCLUSION: Lone atrial fibrillation in pregnancy requires exclusion of all possible etiologies before diagnosis. Cardioversion is the treatment of choice. Women with persistent atrial fibrillation require anticoagulation and rate control, as well as fetal growth surveillance and antenatal testing. (Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117: 489-92) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820561ef C1 [DiCarlo-Meacham, L. T. Angela; Dahlke, L. C. D. R. Joshua] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Norfolk, VA USA. RP DiCarlo-Meacham, LTA (reprint author), 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM angela.dicarlo@med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 117 IS 2 SU S BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820561ef PN 2 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 714KQ UT WOS:000286808900024 PM 21252800 ER PT J AU Gresens, J Rhodes, D Smith, J Gentry, A AF Gresens, J. Rhodes, D. Smith, J. Gentry, A. TI EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STATINS AND ABNORMAL ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting CY FEB 17-19, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Gresens, J.; Rhodes, D.; Smith, J.; Gentry, A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 MA 601 BP 541 EP 542 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 709SK UT WOS:000286461500610 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Cooper, KP AF Lambrakos, S. G. Cooper, K. P. TI Path-Weighted Diffusivity Functions for Parameterization of Heat Deposition Processes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE fabricated metal; joining; modeling processes AB General parameterizations are constructed for spatial modulation of heat diffusion patterns according to energy deposition characteristics occurring within a volume of material where there exist inhomogeneous or anisotropic thermal diffusivity. These parameterizations are formulated in terms of path-weighted diffusivity functions. The construction of a general parameterization of energy deposition processes where spatially dependent thermal diffusivity exists is necessary for their inverse analysis. The structure of such a parameterization follows from the concepts of model and data spaces that imply the existence of an optimal parametric representation for a given class of inverse problems. Accordingly, the optimal parametric representation is determined by the characteristics of the available data, which, in principle, can contain both experimental measurements and numerical simulation data. Parameterizations for spatial modulation of heat diffusion follow from the observation that many different types of energy deposition processes can be represented by weighted sums of basis functions whose general forms are that of spatially modulated diffusion. The parameterizations presented are constructed according to a specific definition of the inverse heat deposition problem that provides a rigorous foundation for a highly flexible and general parameterization of energy deposition processes, which is essential for their inverse analysis. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.; Cooper, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for its support in performing this research. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11665-010-9661-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 706IV UT WOS:000286212500004 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP Lambrakos, SG AF Cooper, K. P. Lambrakos, S. G. TI Thermal Modeling of Direct Digital Melt-Deposition Processes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE melt deposition; microstructure; solidification; thermal modeling AB Additive manufacturing involves creating three-dimensional (3D) objects by depositing materials layer-by-layer. The freeform nature of the method permits the production of components with complex geometry. Deposition processes provide one more capability, which is the addition of multiple materials in a discrete manner to create "heterogeneous" objects with locally controlled composition and microstructure. The result is direct digital manufacturing (DDM) by which dissimilar materials are added voxel-by-voxel (a voxel is volumetric pixel) following a predetermined tool-path. A typical example is functionally gradient material such as a gear with a tough core and a wear-resistant surface. The inherent complexity of DDM processes is such that process modeling based on direct physics-based theory is difficult, especially due to a lack of temperature-dependent thermophysical properties and particularly when dealing with melt-deposition processes. In order to overcome this difficulty, an inverse problem approach is proposed for the development of thermal models that can represent multi-material, direct digital melt deposition. This approach is based on the construction of a numerical-algorithmic framework for modeling anisotropic diffusivity such as that which would occur during energy deposition within a heterogeneous workpiece. This framework consists of path-weighted integral formulations of heat diffusion according to spatial variations in material composition and requires consideration of parameter sensitivity issues. C1 [Cooper, K. P.; Lambrakos, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrakos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for its support in performing this research. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s11665-010-9659-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 706IV UT WOS:000286212500006 ER PT J AU Schubbe, JJ AF Schubbe, Joel J. TI Plate Thickness Variation Effects on Crack Growth Rates in 7050-T7451 Alloy Thick Plate SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE aerospace vehicles; aluminum alloys; delamination; fatigue crack growth; fractography; fracture mechanics; mixed mode fracture AB A study has been accomplished to characterize the fatigue crack growth rates and mechanisms in thick plate (16.51 cm) commercial grade 7050-T7451 aluminum plate in the L-S orientation. Examination of the effects of potential property gradients in the plate material was accomplished through hardness measurements along the short transverse direction and with compact tension tests. Tests exhibited a distinct trend of reduced center plane hardness in the plates. Compact tension specimens and the compliance method were used to determine crack growth rates for specimens machined from the t/4 and t/2 planar locations and oriented for L-S crack growth. Crack growth rate data (long crack) from the tests highlighted significant growth rate differences between the t/4 and t/2 locations. No significant effect of R-ratio was observed in the 0.05-0.3 range tested. Additionally, crack front splitting was noted in all specimens to differing degrees with data showing significant retardation of growth rate curves for the L-S orientation above 13 MPa aem in the center plane, and 10 MPa aem at quarter plane, where branching and splitting parallel to the load axis are dominant growth mechanisms. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schubbe, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Schubbe@usna.edu FU US Navy; US Air Force FX This work was supported by the US Navy, the US Air Force, and their respective laboratories. Special thanks to USN LTs Ethan Lust and Paul Coco for joining in the exploration of material characterization. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s11665-010-9657-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 706IV UT WOS:000286212500020 ER PT J AU Knipling, KE Seidman, DN Dunand, DC AF Knipling, Keith E. Seidman, David N. Dunand, David C. TI Ambient- and high-temperature mechanical properties of isochronally aged Al-0.06Sc, Al-0.06Zr and Al-0.06Sc-0.06Zr (at.%) alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Aluminum alloys; Precipitation; Isochronal heat-treatments; Scandium; Zirconium ID AL-SC ALLOYS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; LI-TI ALLOYS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DISPERSOID PRECIPITATION; AL(SC) ALLOYS; ZR ALLOYS; RECRYSTALLIZATION RESISTANCE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION AB Ambient- and high-temperature precipitation strengthening are investigated in Al-0.06Sc, Al-0.06Zr and Al-0.06Sc-0.06Zr (at.%) alloys. Following solidification, Sc is concentrated at the dendrite peripheries while Zr is segregated at the dendrite cores. During isochronal aging, precipitation of Al3Sc (L1(2)) commences between 250 and 300 degrees C for Al-0.06Sc, and reaches a 429 MPa peak microhardness at 325 degrees C. For Al-0.06Zr, precipitation of Al3Zr (L1(2)) first occurs between 400 and 425 degrees C and reaches a 295 MPa peak microhardness at 475 degrees C. A pronounced synergistic effect is observed when both Sc and Zr are present. Above 325 degrees C, Zr additions provide a secondary strength increase that is attributed to precipitation of Zr-enriched outer shells onto the Al3Sc precipitates, leading to a peak microhardness of 618 MPa at 400 degrees C for Al-0.06Sc-0.06Zr. Upon compressive creep deformation at 300-400 degrees C, Al-0.06Sc-0.06Zr exhibits threshold stresses of 7-12 MPa; these values may be further improved by optimal heat-treatments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Knipling, Keith E.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Knipling, Keith E.; Seidman, David N.; Dunand, David C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Atom Probe Tomog NUCAPT, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Knipling, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keith.knipling@nrl.navy.mil RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 FU US Department of Energy, Basic Sciences Division [DEF-G0298ER45721] FX This research is supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Sciences Division, under contract DEF-G0298ER45721. We thank Prof. R. J. Tracy and Mr. C. Loehn (Virginia Tech) for performing the EPMA linescans. We are pleased to acknowledge Profs. M.E. Fine and D. Isheim (Northwestern University) and Dr. R.A. Karnesky (Sandia National Lab) for useful discussions. NR 98 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 3 BP 943 EP 954 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.10.017 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 712TW UT WOS:000286690100009 ER PT J AU Lunsford, VW AF Lunsford, Virginia W. TI The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lunsford, Virginia W.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lunsford, VW (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 116 IS 1 BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1086/ahr.116.1.143 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 722II UT WOS:000287425500012 ER PT J AU Herrera, S Solarte, Y Jordan-Villegas, A Echavarria, JF Rocha, L Palacios, R Ramirez, O Velez, JD Epstein, JE Richie, TL Arevalo-Herrera, M AF Herrera, Socrates Solarte, Yezid Jordan-Villegas, Alejandro Fernando Echavarria, Juan Rocha, Leonardo Palacios, Ricardo Ramirez, Oscar Velez, Juan D. Epstein, Judith E. Richie, Thomas L. Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam TI Consistent Safety and Infectivity in Sporozoite Challenge Model of Plasmodium vivax in Malaria-Naive Human Volunteers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM-INFECTED MOSQUITOS; WILD AFROTROPICAL ANOPHELES; GAMETOCYTE CARRIERS; CELLULAR-RESPONSES; TRANSMISSION; DIVERSITY; VACCINE; INFECTIOUSNESS; QUANTITATION; INDIVIDUALS AB A safe and reproducible Plasmodium vivax infectious challenge method is required to evaluate the efficacy of malaria vaccine candidates. Seventeen healthy Duffy (+) and five Duffy (-) subjects were randomly allocated into three (A-C) groups and were exposed to the bites of 2-4 Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium vivax derived from three donors. Duffy (-) subjects were included as controls for each group. Clinical manifestations of malaria and parasitemia were monitored beginning 7 days post-challenge. All Duffy (+) volunteers developed patent malaria infection within 16 days after challenge. Prepatent period determined by thick smear, was longer for Group A (median 14.5 d) than for Groups B and C (median 10 d/each). Infected volunteers recovered rapidly after treatment with no serious adverse events. The bite of as low as two P vivax-infected mosquitoes provides safe and reliable infections in malaria-naive volunteers, suitable for assessing antimalarial and vaccine efficacy trials. C1 [Herrera, Socrates] Malaria Vaccine & Drug Dev Ctr, Cali, Colombia. [Herrera, Socrates; Solarte, Yezid; Jordan-Villegas, Alejandro; Fernando Echavarria, Juan; Rocha, Leonardo; Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam] Univ Valle, Fac Salud, Inst Inmunol, Cali, Colombia. [Palacios, Ricardo] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Infect Dis, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ramirez, Oscar; Velez, Juan D.] Fdn Clin Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Herrera, S (reprint author), Malaria Vaccine & Drug Dev Ctr, Carrera 37,2Bis 5E-08, Cali, Colombia. EM sherrera@inmuno.org; ysolarte@inmuno.org; alejovi@hotmail.com; jechavarria@inmuno.org; lrocha94@yahoo.com; ricardopalacios@gmx.net; oramirez@fcvl.org; jdvelez@telesat.com.co; Judith.Epstein@med.navy.mil; Thomas.Richie@med.navy.mil; marevalo@inmuno.org RI Solarte, Yezid/C-1196-2013; Rocha Orjuela, Raul Leonardo/L-6378-2016 OI Solarte, Yezid/0000-0003-4173-0256; Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456; Rocha Orjuela, Raul Leonardo/0000-0001-6887-7421 FU World Health Organization Initiative for Vaccine Research [LA35735G]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [49486/TMRC]; Colombian National Research Council; COLCIENCIAS; Ministry for Social Protection [253-2005, 207-2007]; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center Foundation FX This work was supported by World Health Organization Initiative for Vaccine Research (grant no. LA35735G), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID grant no. 49486/TMRC), Colombian National Research Council, COLCIENCIAS and the Ministry for Social Protection (contract nos. 253-2005 and 207-2007), and the Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center Foundation. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 SU 2 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.09-0498 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 716WL UT WOS:000287004100002 PM 21292872 ER PT J AU Jordan-Villegas, A Perdomo, AB Epstein, JE Lopez, J Castellanos, A Manzano, MR Hernandez, MA Soto, L Mendez, F Richie, TL Hoffman, SL Arevalo-Herrera, M Herrera, S AF Jordan-Villegas, Alejandro Bonelo Perdomo, Anilza Epstein, Judith E. Lopez, Jesus Castellanos, Alejandro Manzano, Maria R. Hernandez, Miguel A. Soto, Liliana Mendez, Fabian Richie, Thomas L. Hoffman, Stephen L. Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam Herrera, Socrates TI Immune Responses and Protection of Aotus Monkeys Immunized with Irradiated Plasmodium vivax Sporozoites SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITES; ATTENUATED SPOROZOITES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; LIVER STAGES; BERGHEI; PARASITES; VACCINE AB A non-human primate model for the induction of protective immunity against the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax malaria using radiation-attenuated P vivax sporozoites may help to characterize protective immune mechanisms and identify novel malaria vaccine candidates. Immune responses and protective efficacy induced by vaccination with irradiated P vivax sporozoites were evaluated in malaria-naive Aotus monkeys. Three groups of six monkeys received two, five, or ten intravenous inoculations, respectively, of 100,000 irradiated P vivax sporozoites; control groups received either 10 doses of uninfected salivary gland extract or no inoculations. Immunization resulted in the production low levels of antibodies that specifically recognized P vivax sporozoites and the circumsporozoite protein. Additionally, immunization induced low levels of antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses. Intravenous challenge with viable sporozoites resulted in partial protection in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the Aotus monkey model may be able to play a role in preclinical development of P vivax pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines. C1 [Herrera, Socrates] Malaria Vaccine & Drug Dev Ctr, Cali, Colombia. [Jordan-Villegas, Alejandro; Bonelo Perdomo, Anilza; Castellanos, Alejandro; Hernandez, Miguel A.; Soto, Liliana; Mendez, Fabian; Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam; Herrera, Socrates] Univ Valle, Fac Salud, Inst Inmunol, Cali, Colombia. [Epstein, Judith E.; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lopez, Jesus] Hosp Univ Valle, Cali, Colombia. [Manzano, Maria R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Ciencias Agr, Palmira, Colombia. [Hoffman, Stephen L.] Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Herrera, S (reprint author), Malaria Vaccine & Drug Dev Ctr, Carrera 37,2Bis 5E-08, Cali, Colombia. EM alejovi@hotmail.com; anbonelo@yahoo.com; Judith.Epstein@med.navy.mil; jesus.lopez@hotmail.com; alejcaste@yahoo.com; mrmanzanom@palmira.unal.edu.co; mhernandez@inmuno.org; lsoto@inmuno.org; famendez@univalle.edu.co; Thomas.Richie@med.navy.mil; slhoffman@sanaria.com; marevalo@inmuno.org; sherrera@inmuno.org RI Manzano, Maria/D-3955-2011; OI Manzano, Maria/0000-0002-0858-2426; Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases; U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID/TMRC) [AI49486-02]; UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization; Instituto Colombian Francisco Jose de Caldas para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (COLCIENCIAS) FX This work was supported by grants from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID/TMRC contract no. AI49486-02), the UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization, and the Instituto Colombian Francisco Jose de Caldas para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (COLCIENCIAS). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 SU 2 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.09-0759 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 716WL UT WOS:000287004100007 PM 21292877 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Fulford, JK AF Jordan, P. M. Fulford, J. K. TI A NOTE ON POROACOUSTIC TRAVELING WAVES UNDER DARCY'S LAW: EXACT SOLUTIONS SO APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE poroacoustics; Darcy's law; traveling waves; shock and acceleration waves ID POROUS SOLIDS; FLOW; PROPAGATION AB A mathematical analysis of poroacoustic traveling wave phenomena is presented. Assuming that the fluid phase satisfies the perfect gas law and that the drag offered by the porous matrix is described by Darcy's law, exact traveling wave solutions (TWS)s, as well as asymptotic/approximate expressions, are derived and examined. In particular, stability issues are addressed, shock and acceleration waves are shown to arise, and special/limiting cases are noted. Lastly, connections to other fields are pointed out and possible extensions of this work are briefly discussed. C1 [Jordan, P. M.; Fulford, J. K.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil; jim.fulford@nrlssc.navy.mil FU ONR/NRL [PE 061153N] FX This work was supported by ONR/NRL funding (PE 061153N). All figures appearing herein were generated using the software package MATHEMATICA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACAD SCIENCES CZECH REPUBLIC, INST MATHEMATICS PI PRAHA 1 PA ZITNA 25, PRAHA 1, 115 67, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-7940 J9 APPL MATH-CZECH JI Appl. Mat. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 99 EP 115 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 889GD UT WOS:000300060700006 ER PT J AU Cooper, JB Larkin, CM Schmitigal, J Morris, RE Abdelkader, MF AF Cooper, John B. Larkin, Christopher M. Schmitigal, Joel Morris, Robert E. Abdelkader, Mohamed F. TI Rapid Analysis of Jet Fuel Using a Handheld Near-Infrared (NIR) Analyzer SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Jet fuel; Multivariate analysis; Partial least squares; PLS; Near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; Handheld instrumentation ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; SPECTROSCOPY DATA; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; GASOLINE CLASSIFICATION; QUALITY; MODELS; PREDICTION; REGRESSION; SPECTRA; VISCOSITY AB A handheld near-infrared (NIR) analyzer was used to build partial least squares (PLS) models relating jet fuel properties to the spectral data (880-1570 nm). The properties included: API gravity, % aromatics, cetane index, density, 10%/50%/90% recovered distillation temperatures, freezing point, flashpoint, hydrogen content, and % saturates. The models were validated using leave-one-out validation of the training sets and by predicting an independent test set of fuels. The repeatability of the developed NIR methods was determined by performing replicate measurements on a single master analyzer. The reproducibility of the NIR methods was determined by performing measurements on multiple samples using five different analyzers. The results indicate that the NIR methods are useful for rapid monitoring of jet fuel quality at commercial airports during transport, storage, and distribution. C1 [Cooper, John B.; Abdelkader, Mohamed F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Larkin, Christopher M.] Bruker Opt, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Schmitigal, Joel] USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. [Morris, Robert E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, JB (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jbc@brukeroptics.com NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1366/10-06076 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 710XE UT WOS:000286549500009 ER PT J AU Green, LM Kliem, B Wallace, AJ AF Green, L. M. Kliem, B. Wallace, A. J. TI Photospheric flux cancellation and associated flux rope formation and eruption SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); magnetic fields; magnetic reconnection; Sun: photosphere; Sun: magnetic topology ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; ELECTRIC-CURRENTS; HINODE; FIELD; EVOLUTION; FLARES; PROMINENCES AB Aims. We study an evolving bipolar active region that exhibits flux cancellation at the internal polarity inversion line, the formation of a soft X-ray sigmoid along the inversion line and a coronal mass ejection. The aim is to investigate the quantity of flux cancellation that is involved in flux rope formation in the time period leading up to the eruption. Methods. The active region is studied using its extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray emissions as it evolves from a sheared arcade to flux rope configuration. The evolution of the photospheric magnetic field is described and used to estimate how much flux is reconnected into the flux rope. Results. About one third of the active region flux cancels at the internal polarity inversion line in the 2.5 days leading up to the eruption. In this period, the coronal structure evolves from a weakly to a highly sheared arcade and then to a sigmoid that crosses the inversion line in the inverse direction. These properties suggest that a flux rope has formed prior to the eruption. The amount of cancellation implies that up to 60% of the active region flux could be in the body of the flux rope. We point out that only part of the cancellation contributes to the flux in the rope if the arcade is only weakly sheared, as in the first part of the evolution. This reduces the estimated flux in the rope to similar to 30% or less of the active region flux. We suggest that the remaining discrepancy between our estimate and the limiting value of similar to 10% of the active region flux, obtained previously by the flux rope insertion method, results from the incomplete coherence of the flux rope, due to nonuniform cancellation along the polarity inversion line. A hot linear feature is observed in the active region which rises as part of the eruption and then likely traces out the field lines close to the axis of the flux rope. The flux cancellation and changing magnetic connections at one end of this feature suggest that the flux rope reaches coherence by reconnection immediately before and early in the impulsive phase of the associated flare. The sigmoid is destroyed in the eruption but reforms quickly, with the amount of cancellation involved being much smaller than in the course of its original formation. C1 [Green, L. M.; Kliem, B.; Wallace, A. J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey RH5 6NT, England. [Kliem, B.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Kliem, B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Green, LM (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey RH5 6NT, England. EM lmg@mssl.ucl.ac.uk FU Royal Society; Leverhulme Fellowship; STFC; DFG; NASA [NNH06AD58I, NNX08AG44G]; JAXA (Japan); NAOJ (Japan); STFC (UK); NASA (USA); ESA; NSC (Norway) FX We thank the referee, G. Aulanier, for the very constructive reports that significantly helped improve the clarity of this paper and Duncan Mackay for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. L. M. G. was supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship and a Leverhulme Fellowship. A.J.W. was supported by STFC via a Ph.D. studentship. B. K. acknowledges support by the DFG, the STFC, and NASA grants NNH06AD58I and NNX08AG44G. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organised at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA (USA), ESA, and NSC (Norway). This research has made use of the LASCO CME catalog, generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the NRL. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 52 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 526 AR A2 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015146 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709RF UT WOS:000286458400014 ER PT J AU Stenborg, G Marsch, E Vourlidas, A Howard, R Baldwin, K AF Stenborg, G. Marsch, E. Vourlidas, A. Howard, R. Baldwin, K. TI A novel technique to measure intensity fluctuations in EUV images and to detect coronal sound waves nearby active regions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE methods: observational; Sun: corona; waves ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET WAVELENGTHS; SLOW MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TRANSITION REGION; PLASMA FLOWS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; POLAR PLUMES; SPACED DATA; HINODE-EIS AB Context. In the past years, evidence for the existence of outward-moving (Doppler blue-shifted) plasma and slow-mode magneto-acoustic propagating waves in various magnetic field structures (loops in particular) in the solar corona has been found in ultraviolet images and spectra. Yet their origin and possible connection to and importance for the mass and energy supply to the corona and solar wind is still unclear. There has been increasing interest in this problem thanks to the high-resolution observations available from the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imagers on the Solar TErrestrial RElationships Observatory (STEREO) and the EUV spectrometer on the Hinode mission. Aims. Flows and waves exist in the corona, and their signatures appear in EUV imaging observations but are extremely difficult to analyse quantitatively because of their weak intensity. Hence, such information is currently available mostly from spectroscopic observations that are restricted in their spatial and temporal coverage. To understand the nature and origin of these fluctuations, imaging observations are essential. Here, we present measurements of the speed of intensity fluctuations observed along apparently open field lines with the Extreme UltraViolet Imagers (EUVI) onboard the STEREO mission. One aim of our paper is to demonstrate that we can make reliable kinematic measurements from these EUV images, thereby complementing and extending the spectroscopic measurements and opening up the full corona for such an analysis. Another aim is to examine the assumptions that lead to flow versus wave interpretation for these fluctuations. Methods. We have developed a novel image-processing method by fusing well established techniques for the kinematic analysis of coronal mass ejections (CME) with standard wavelet analysis. The power of our method lies with its ability to recover weak intensity fluctuations along individual magnetic structures at any orientation, anywhere within the full solar disk, and using standard synoptic observing sequences (cadence <3 min) without the need for special observation plans. Results. Using information from both EUVI imagers, we obtained wave phase speeds with values on the order of 60-90 km s(-1), compatible with those obtained by other previous measurements. Moreover, we studied the periodicity of the observed fluctuations and established a predominance of a 16-min period, and other periods that seem to be multiples of an underlying 8-min period. Conclusions. The validation of our analysis technique opens up new possibilities for the study of coronal flows and waves, by extending it to the full disk and to a larger number of coronal structures than has been possible previously. It opens up a new scientific capability for the EUV observations from the recently launched Solar Dynamics Observatory. Here we clearly establish the ubiquitous existence of sound waves which continuously propagate along apparently open magnetic field lines. C1 [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Marsch, E.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Vourlidas, A.; Howard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baldwin, K.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Stenborg, G (reprint author), Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. EM guillermo.stenborg.ctr.ar@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 526 AR A58 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014369 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709RF UT WOS:000286458400070 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kadler, M Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Max-Moerbeck, W Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Nishino, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pavlidou, V Pearson, TJ Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Readhead, A Reimer, A Reimer, O Richards, JL Ripken, J Ritz, S Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Stevenson, M Strickman, MS Sokolovsky, KV Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, F Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Wehrle, AE Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Zensus, JA Ziegler, M Aleksic, J Antonelli, LA Antoranz, P Backes, M Barrio, JA Gonzalez, JB Bednarek, W Berdyugin, A Berger, K Bernardini, E Biland, A Blanch, O Bock, RK Boller, A Bonnoli, G Bordas, P Tridon, DB Bosch-Ramon, V Bose, D Braun, I Bretz, T Camara, M Carmona, E Carosi, A Colin, P Colombo, E Contreras, JL Cortina, J Covino, S Dazzi, F de Angelis, A del Pozo, ED De Lotto, B De Maria, M De Sabata, F Mendez, CD Ortega, AD Doert, M Dominguez, A Prester, DD Dorner, D Doro, M Elsaesser, D Ferenc, D Fonseca, MV Font, L Lopen, RJG Garczarczyk, M Gaug, M Giavitto, G Godinovi, N Hadasch, D Herrero, A Hildebrand, D Hohne-Monch, D Hose, J Hrupec, D Jogler, T Klepser, S Krahenbuhl, T Kranich, D Krause, J La Barbera, A Leonardo, E Lindfors, E Lombardi, S Lopez, M Lorenz, E Majumdar, P Makariev, E Maneva, G Mankuzhiyil, N Mannheim, K Maraschi, L Mariotti, M Martinez, M Mazin, D Meucci, M Miranda, JM Mirzoyan, R Miyamoto, H Moldon, J Moralejo, A Nieto, D Nilsson, K Orito, R Oya, I Paoletti, R Paredes, JM Partini, S Pasanen, M Pauss, F Pegna, RG Perez-Torres, MA Persic, M Peruzzo, J Pochon, J Moroni, PGP Prada, F Prandini, E Puchades, N Puljak, I Reichardt, T Reinthal, R Rhode, W Ribo, M Rico, J Rissi, M Rugamer, S Saggion, A Saito, K Saito, TY Salvati, M Sanchez-Conde, M Satalecka, K Scalzotto, V Scapin, V Schultz, C Schweizer, T Shayduk, M Shore, SN Sierpowska-Bartosik, A Sillanpaa, A Sitarek, J Sobczynska, D Spanier, F Spiro, S Stamerra, A Steinke, B Storz, J Strah, N Struebig, JC Suric, T Takalo, LO Tavecchio, F Temnikov, P Terzic, T Tescaro, D Teshima, M Vankov, H Wagner, RM Weitzel, Q Zabalza, V Zandanel, F Zanin, R Acciari, VA Arlen, T Aune, T Benbow, W Boltuch, D Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Cannon, A Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Cui, W Dickherber, R Errando, M Falcone, A Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Huang, D Hui, CM Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Ong, R Otte, N Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pichel, A Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Rovero, AC Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Senturk, GD Steele, D Swordy, SP Tesic, G Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vincent, S Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wood, M Zitzer, B Villata, M Raiteri, CM Aller, HD Aller, MF Arkharov, AA Blinov, DA Calcidese, P Chen, WP Efimova, NV Kimeridze, G Konstantinova, TS Kopatskaya, EN Koptelova, E Kurtanidze, OM Kurtanidze, SO Lahteenmaki, A Larionov, VM Larionova, EG Larionova, LV Ligustri, R Morozova, DA Nikolashvili, MG Sigua, LA Troitsky, IS Angelakis, E Capalbi, M Carraminana, A Carrasco, L Cassaro, P de la Fuente, E Gurwell, MA Kovalev, YY Kovalev, YA Krichbaum, TP Krimm, HA Leto, P Lister, ML Maccaferri, G Moody, JW Mori, Y Nestoras, I Orlati, A Pagani, C Pace, C Pearson, R Perri, M Piner, BG Pushkarev, AB Ros, E Sadun, AC Sakamoto, T Tornikoski, M Yatsu, Y Zook, A AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, O. . Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kadler, M. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Max-Moerbeck, W. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Nishino, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pavlidou, V. Pearson, T. J. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Readhead, A. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Richards, J. L. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Stevenson, M. Strickman, M. S. Sokolovsky, K. V. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wehrle, A. E. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Zensus, J. A. Ziegler, M. Aleksic, J. Antonelli, L. A. Antoranz, P. Backes, M. Barrio, J. A. Gonzalez, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Berdyugin, A. Berger, K. Bernardini, E. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bock, R. K. Boller, A. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Tridon, D. Borla Bosch-Ramon, V. Bose, D. Braun, I. Bretz, T. Camara, M. Carmona, E. Carosi, A. Colin, P. Colombo, E. Contreras, J. L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. Dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. del Pozo, E. De Cea De Lotto, B. De Maria, M. De Sabata, F. Mendez, C. Delgado Ortega, A. Diago Doert, M. Dominguez, A. Prester, D. Dominis Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Ferenc, D. Fonseca, M. V. Font, L. Lopen, R. J. Garcia Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, M. Giavitto, G. Godinovi, N. Hadasch, D. Herrero, A. Hildebrand, D. Hoehne-Moench, D. Hose, J. Hrupec, D. Jogler, T. Klepser, S. Kraehenbuehl, T. Kranich, D. Krause, J. La Barbera, A. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Lopez, M. Lorenz, E. Majumdar, P. Makariev, E. Maneva, G. Mankuzhiyil, N. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martinez, M. Mazin, D. Meucci, M. Miranda, J. M. Mirzoyan, R. Miyamoto, H. Moldon, J. Moralejo, A. Nieto, D. Nilsson, K. Orito, R. Oya, I. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J. M. Partini, S. Pasanen, M. Pauss, F. Pegna, R. G. Perez-Torres, M. A. Persic, M. Peruzzo, J. Pochon, J. Moroni, P. G. Prada Prada, F. Prandini, E. Puchades, N. Puljak, I. Reichardt, T. Reinthal, R. Rhode, W. Ribo, M. Rico, J. Rissi, M. Ruegamer, S. Saggion, A. Saito, K. Saito, T. Y. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, M. Satalecka, K. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, V. Schultz, C. Schweizer, T. Shayduk, M. Shore, S. N. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpaa, A. Sitarek, J. Sobczynska, D. Spanier, F. Spiro, S. Stamerra, A. Steinke, B. Storz, J. Strah, N. Struebig, J. C. Suric, T. Takalo, L. O. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzic, T. Tescaro, D. Teshima, M. Vankov, H. Wagner, R. M. Weitzel, Q. Zabalza, V. Zandanel, F. Zanin, R. Acciari, V. A. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Benbow, W. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Cui, W. Dickherber, R. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Huang, D. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Ong, R. Otte, N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Rovero, A. C. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Senturk, G. D. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Tesic, G. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vincent, S. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. Villata, M. Raiteri, C. M. Aller, H. D. Aller, M. F. Arkharov, A. A. Blinov, D. A. Calcidese, P. Chen, W. P. Efimova, N. V. Kimeridze, G. Konstantinova, T. S. Kopatskaya, E. N. Koptelova, E. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtanidze, S. O. Lahteenmaki, A. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, E. G. Larionova, L. V. Ligustri, R. Morozova, D. A. Nikolashvili, M. G. Sigua, L. A. Troitsky, I. S. Angelakis, E. Capalbi, M. Carraminana, A. Carrasco, L. Cassaro, P. de la Fuente, E. Gurwell, M. A. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, Yu. A. Krichbaum, T. P. Krimm, H. A. Leto, P. Lister, M. L. Maccaferri, G. Moody, J. W. Mori, Y. Nestoras, I. Orlati, A. Pagani, C. Pace, C. Pearson, R., III Perri, M. Piner, B. G. Pushkarev, A. B. Ros, E. Sadun, A. C. Sakamoto, T. Tornikoski, M. Yatsu, Y. Zook, A. CA Fermi-LAT Collaboration MAGIC Collaboration VERITAS Collaboration TI INSIGHTS INTO THE HIGH-ENERGY gamma-RAY EMISSION OF MARKARIAN 501 FROM EXTENSIVE MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS IN THE FERMI ERA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; BL Lacertae objects: general; BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501); galaxies: active; gamma rays: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; CHERENKOV TELESCOPE SYSTEM; MAGNETOSONIC SHOCK-WAVES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; X-RAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; TEV VARIABILITY AB We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15-August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size less than or similar to 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (similar or equal to 10(44) erg s(-1)) constitutes only a small fraction (similar to 10(-3)) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks. We find that the ultrarelativistic electrons and mildly relativistic protons within the blazar zone, if comparable in number, are in approximate energy equipartition, with their energy dominating the jet magnetic field energy by about two orders of magnitude. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. 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[Ligustri, R.] Circolo Astrofili Talmassons, I-33030 Campoformido, UD, Italy. [Carraminana, A.; Carrasco, L.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72840, Mexico. [Cassaro, P.] Ist Radioastron, Sez Noto, INAF, I-96017 Noto, SR, Italy. [de la Fuente, E.] Univ Guadalajara, CUCEI, Dpto Fis, Inst Astron & Meteorol, Jalisco, Mexico. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leto, P.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Maccaferri, G.; Orlati, A.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, Staz Radioastron Med, I-40059 Bologna, Italy. [Moody, J. W.; Pace, C.; Pearson, R., III] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Mori, Y.; Yatsu, Y.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Pagani, C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Piner, B. G.] Whittier Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Whittier, CA USA. [Pushkarev, A. B.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, UA-98409 Nauchnyi, Crimea, Ukraine. [Ros, E.] Univ Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Sadun, A. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80220 USA. [Zook, A.] Pomona Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Paneque, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dpaneque@mppmu.mpg.de; stawarz@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Larionova, Elena/H-7287-2013; Efimova, Natalia/I-2196-2013; Blinov, Dmitry/G-9925-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Rico, Javier/K-8004-2014; Fernandez, Ester/K-9734-2014; Lopez Moya, Marcos/L-2304-2014; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/M-2916-2014; Ribo, Marc/B-3579-2015; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/C-2944-2011; Sokolovsky, Kirill/D-2246-2015; Antoranz, Pedro/H-5095-2015; Delgado, Carlos/K-7587-2014; Nieto, Daniel/J-7250-2015; Kovalev, Yuri/N-1053-2015; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015; Prada Moroni, Pier Giorgio/G-5565-2011; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Braun, Isabel/C-9373-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; Mannheim, Karl/F-6705-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Doro, Michele/F-9458-2012; Morozova, Daria/H-1298-2013; Troitskiy, Ivan/K-7979-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Pushkarev, Alexander/M-9997-2015; Miranda, Jose Miguel/F-2913-2013; Font, Lluis/L-4197-2014; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/K-7255-2014; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Maneva, Galina/L-7120-2016; Backes, Michael/N-5126-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; Cortina, Juan/C-2783-2017; Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/I-2004-2015; OI Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; Larionova, Elena/0000-0002-2471-6500; Efimova, Natalia/0000-0002-8071-4753; Blinov, Dmitry/0000-0003-0611-5784; Rico, Javier/0000-0003-4137-1134; Lopez Moya, Marcos/0000-0002-8791-7908; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/0000-0002-1344-9080; Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-0870-1368; Sokolovsky, Kirill/0000-0001-5991-6863; Antoranz, Pedro/0000-0002-3015-3601; Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-7014-4101; Nieto, Daniel/0000-0003-3343-0755; Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Braun, Isabel/0000-0002-9389-0502; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Doro, Michele/0000-0001-9104-3214; Morozova, Daria/0000-0002-9407-7804; Troitskiy, Ivan/0000-0002-4218-0148; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Miranda, Jose Miguel/0000-0002-1472-9690; Font, Lluis/0000-0003-2109-5961; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/0000-0001-7282-2394; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Backes, Michael/0000-0002-9326-6400; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; Cortina, Juan/0000-0003-4576-0452; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Larionova, Liudmila/0000-0002-0274-1481; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Cassaro, Pietro/0000-0001-5139-9662; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Orlati, Andrea/0000-0001-8737-255X; Prada Moroni, Pier Giorgio/0000-0001-9712-9916; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; LA BARBERA, ANTONINO/0000-0002-5880-8913; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; leonardo, elvira/0000-0003-0271-7673; Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/0000-0003-2235-0725; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; De Lotto, Barbara/0000-0003-3624-4480; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Persic, Massimo/0000-0003-1853-4900; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program; INFN Padova; Academy of Finland [212656, 210338]; National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) [BK150, BP143, MOJAVE]; Russian RFBR foundation [09-02-00092]; Georgian National Science Foundation [GNSF/ST07/4-180]; NASA [NNX08AW31G]; NSF [AST-0808050] FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; Supported by INFN Padova.; We acknowledge the use of public data from the Swift and RXTE data archive. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to the observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, among others). This research has made use of data obtained from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), projects BK150, BP143, and MOJAVE. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation via grant 09-02-00092. AZT-24 observations are made within an agreement between Pulkovo, Rome and Teramo observatories. This research is partly based on observations with the 100-m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg, as well as with the Medicina and Noto telescopes operated by INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. M. Villata organized the optical-to-radio observations by GASP-WEBT as the president of the collaboration. Abastumani Observatory team acknowledges financial support by the Georgian National Science Foundation through grant GNSF/ST07/4-180. The OVRO 40 m program was funded in part by NASA (NNX08AW31G) and the NSF (AST-0808050). NR 122 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 2 AR 129 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/129 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712JE UT WOS:000286662000068 ER PT J AU Fischer, TC Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR Mushotsky, RF Dunn, JP AF Fischer, T. C. Crenshaw, D. M. Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. Mushotsky, R. F. Dunn, J. P. TI HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE DOUBLE-PEAKED EMISSION LINES IN THE SEYFERT GALAXY MARKARIAN 78: MASS OUTFLOWS FROM A SINGLE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (Mrk 78); galaxies: Seyfert ID JET-GAS INTERACTIONS; O-III LAMBDA-5007; IONIZED-GAS; NGC 1068; REGION; KINEMATICS; NGC-1068; DIRECTIONS; EXTINCTION; DISCOVERY AB Previous ground-based observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 78 revealed a double set of emission lines, similar to those seen in several active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from recent surveys. Are the double lines due to two AGNs with different radial velocities in the same galaxy, or are they due to mass outflows from a single AGN? We present a study of the outflowing ionized gas in the resolved narrow-line region (NLR) of Mrk 78 using observations from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Faint Object Camera aboard the Hubble Space Telescope as part of an ongoing project to determine the kinematics and geometries of AGN outflows. From the spectroscopic information, we determined the fundamental geometry of the outflow via our kinematics modeling program by recreating radial velocities to fit those seen in four different STIS slit positions. We determined that the double emission lines seen in ground-based spectra are due to an asymmetric distribution of outflowing gas in the NLR. By successfully fitting a model for a single AGN to Mrk 78, we show that it is possible to explain double emission lines with radial velocity offsets seen in AGN similar to Mrk 78 without requiring dual supermassive black holes. C1 [Fischer, T. C.; Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Off, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mushotsky, R. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dunn, J. P.] Augusta State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. RP Fischer, TC (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Off, 1 Pk Pl S SE,Suite 700, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM fischer@chara.gsu.edu FU NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 2 AR 71 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/71 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712JE UT WOS:000286662000010 ER PT J AU Strycharz, SM Glaven, RH Coppi, MV Gannon, SM Perpetua, LA Liu, A Nevin, KP Lovley, DR AF Strycharz, Sarah M. Glaven, Richard H. Coppi, Maddalena V. Gannon, Sarah M. Perpetua, Lorrie A. Liu, Anna Nevin, Kelly P. Lovley, Derek R. TI Gene expression and deletion analysis of mechanisms for electron transfer from electrodes to Geobacter sulfurreducens SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cell; Geobacter sulfurreducens; Cathode; Electron donor; Microarray ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; REDUCED NEUTRAL RED; C-TYPE CYTOCHROME; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; FE(III) REDUCTION; SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTS; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Geobacter sulfurreducens is one of the few microorganisms available in pure culture known to directly accept electrons from a negatively poised electrode. Microarray analysis was used to compare gene transcript abundance in biofilms of G. sulfurreducens using a graphite electrode as the sole electron donor for fumarate reduction compared with transcript abundance in biofilms growing on the same material, but not consuming current. Surprisingly, genes for putative cell-electrode connections, such as outer-surface cytochromes and pili. which are highly expressed in current-producing biofilms, were not highly expressed in current-consuming biofilms. Microarray analysis of G. sulfurreducens gene transcript abundance in current-consuming biofilms versus current-producing biofilms gave similar results. In both comparative studies current-consuming biofilms had greater transcript abundance for a gene (GSU3274) encoding a putative monoheme, c-type cytochrome. Deletion of genes for outer-surface proteins previously shown to be essential for optimal electron transfer to electrodes had no impact on electron transfer from electrodes. Deletion of GSU3274 completely inhibited electron transfer from electrodes, but had no impact on electron transfer to electrodes. These differences in gene expression patterns and the impact of gene deletions suggest that the mechanisms for electron transfer from electrodes to G. sulfurreducens differ significantly from the mechanisms for electron transfer to electrodes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Strycharz, Sarah M.; Glaven, Richard H.; Coppi, Maddalena V.; Gannon, Sarah M.; Perpetua, Lorrie A.; Liu, Anna; Nevin, Kelly P.; Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill Sci Ctr IVN 203N, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Strycharz, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Bldg 42,Room 304,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.strycharz.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-02ER63446]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0084] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-02ER63446 and Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-10-1-0084. NR 71 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1567-5394 J9 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY JI Bioelectrochemistry PD FEB PY 2011 VL 80 IS 2 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.07.005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Electrochemistry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Electrochemistry GA 715AA UT WOS:000286851600007 PM 20696622 ER PT J AU Poludnenko, AY Oran, ES AF Poludnenko, A. Y. Oran, E. S. TI The interaction of high-speed turbulence with flames: Turbulent flame speed SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Turbulent premixed combustion; Turbulence; Flamelet; Turbulent flame speed; Hydrogen-air combustion ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PREMIXED COMBUSTION; IA SUPERNOVAE; MHD; DISSIPATION; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT AB Direct numerical simulations of the interaction of a premixed flame with driven, subsonic, homogeneous, isotropic, Kolmogorov-type turbulence in an unconfined system are used to study the mechanisms determining the turbulent flame speed. S-T, in the thin reaction zone regime. High intensity turbulence is considered with the r.m.s. velocity 35 times the laminar flame speed, S-L, resulting in the Damkohler number Da = 0.05. The simulations were performed with Athena-RFX, a massively parallel, fully compressible, high-order, dimensionally unsplit, reactive-flow code. A simplified reaction-diffusion model, based on the one-step Arrhenius kinetics, represents a stoichiometric H-2-air mixture under the assumption of the Lewis number Le = 1. Global properties and the internal structure of the flame were analyzed in an earlier paper, which showed that this system represents turbulent combustion in the thin reaction zone regime. This paper demonstrates that: (1) The flame brush has a complex internal structure, in which the isosurfaces of higher fuel mass fractions are folded on progressively smaller scales. (2) Global properties of the turbulent flame are best represented by the structure of the region of peak reaction rate, which defines the flame surface. (3) In the thin reaction zone regime, S-T is predominantly determined by the increase of the flame surface area, A(T), caused by turbulence. (4) The observed increase of S-T relative to S-L exceeds the corresponding increase of A(T) relative to the surface area of the planar laminar flame, on average, by approximate to 14%, varying from only a few percent to as high as approximate to 30%. (5) This exaggerated response is the result of tight flame packing by turbulence, which causes frequent flame collisions and formation of regions of high flame curvature greater than or similar to 1/delta(L), or "cusps," where delta(L) is the thermal width of the laminar flame. (6) The local flame speed in the cusps substantially exceeds its laminar value, which results in a disproportionately large contribution of cusps to S-T compared with the flame surface area in them. (7) A criterion is established for transition to the regime significantly influenced by cusp formation. In particular, at Karlovitz numbers Ka greater than or similar to 20, flame collisions provide an important mechanism controlling S-T, in addition to the increase of A(T) by large-scale motions and the potential enhancement of diffusive transport by small-scale turbulence. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Poludnenko, A. Y.; Oran, E. S.] USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Poludnenko, AY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apol@lcp.nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory, the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA09114G005]; National Science Foundation [TG-AST080006N] FX We are deeply grateful to Forman Williams for numerous valuable inputs that have greatly improved this paper. We also thank Craig Wheeler, Vadim Gamezo, and James Driscoll for stimulating discussions. This work was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory, the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Grant F1ATA09114G005, and by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by NCSA and TACC under the Grant TG-AST080006N. Additional computing facilities were provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. We also gratefully acknowledge the hospitality and support of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, and in particular of Axel Brandenburg, during the "Turbulent Combustion" program where parts of this work were done. NR 44 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD FEB PY 2011 VL 158 IS 2 BP 301 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.002 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 710ZU UT WOS:000286556300010 ER PT J AU Mahmoud, KD de Smet, BJGL Zijlstra, F Rihal, CS Holmes, DR AF Mahmoud, Karim D. de Smet, Bart J. G. L. Zijlstra, Felix Rihal, Charanjit S. Holmes, David R., Jr. TI Sudden Cardiac Death: Epidemiology, Circadian Variation, and Triggers SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; MULTIPLE SOURCE SURVEILLANCE; ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK STRATIFICATION; UNEXPECTED DEATH; HEART-DISEASE AB Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major health issue accounting for over 5% of annual mortality in the Western world. There are several causes of SCD, most commonly, coronary artery disease. Although identifying the prodrome of SCD has attracted considerable interest, a large proportion of patients die before any medical contact is established. SCD onset seems to follow a circadian pattern, most likely because of exposure to endogenous and exogenous triggers. The aim of the present report is to review the current knowledge of epidemiology, patterns of onset, and triggers of SCD and present directions for future research with a focus on coronary artery disease. (Curr Probl Cardiol 2011; 36:56-80.) C1 [Mahmoud, Karim D.; de Smet, Bart J. G. L.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Cardiac Catheterizat Lab, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Mahmoud, Karim D.] Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN USA. [de Smet, Bart J. G. L.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [de Smet, Bart J. G. L.] Eemland Hosp, Amersfoort, Netherlands. [de Smet, Bart J. G. L.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Zijlstra, Felix] Erasmus MC, Dept Cardiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Zijlstra, Felix] Weezenlanden Hosp, Zwolle, Netherlands. [Zijlstra, Felix] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Ctr Thorax, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Rihal, Charanjit S.] Mayo Clin, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN USA. [Holmes, David R., Jr.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Holmes, David R., Jr.] Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN USA. [Holmes, David R., Jr.] Virginia Mason Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Holmes, David R., Jr.] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Mahmoud, KD (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Cardiac Catheterizat Lab, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. FU Netherlands Heart Foundation (The Hague, the Netherlands); Groningen University Fund (Groningen, the Netherlands); Marco Polo Fund (Groningen, the Netherlands); Jan Kornelis de Kock Foundation (Groningen, the Netherlands) FX Grant sponsors (to KDM): Netherlands Heart Foundation (The Hague, the Netherlands), Groningen University Fund (Groningen, the Netherlands), Marco Polo Fund (Groningen, the Netherlands), Jan Kornelis de Kock Foundation (Groningen, the Netherlands). NR 91 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0146-2806 J9 CURR PROB CARDIOLOGY JI Curr. Probl. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 36 IS 2 BP 56 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2011.01.002 PG 25 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 735JF UT WOS:000288409500002 PM 21356429 ER PT J AU Wichman, CL Ehlers, SL Wichman, SE Weaver, AL Coddington, C AF Wichman, Christina L. Ehlers, Shawna L. Wichman, Scott E. Weaver, Amy L. Coddington, Charles TI Comparison of multiple psychological distress measures between men and women preparing for in vitro fertilization SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE Infertility; in vitro fertilization; psychological distress; depression; anxiety; stress ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; DONOR INSEMINATION; LESBIAN COUPLES; EMBRYO TRANSFER; SINGLE WOMEN; INFERTILITY; STRESS; IVF; ADJUSTMENT AB Objective: To compare multiple measures of psychological distress between men and women preparing for IVF. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Outpatient, academic infertility clinic. Patient(s): One hundred sixty-two consecutive couples presenting for infertility treatment with IVF. Intervention(s): Measures were completed as part of a routine, infertility-focused psychological evaluation, including the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State-Trait Anger Inventory, and Impact of Events Scale. Main Outcome Measure(s): Scores of above psychological questionnaires. Result(s): Psychological distress scores were statistically significantly higher among women than men for symptoms of depression, state anxiety, infertility specific distress, and general perceived stress. However, aside from infertility-specific distress (d = .43), effect sizes for the paired differences between females and males ranged from d = .18 to .23. Conclusion(s): Women consistently scored higher on multiple measures of psychological distress than their male partners in the context of preparing for IVF. Comparison of infertility-specific distress scores yielded the largest statistically and clinically significant difference compared with traditional measures of general depression and anxiety symptoms. (Fertil Steril(R) 2011;95:717-21. (C) 2011 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) C1 [Wichman, Christina L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Ehlers, Shawna L.] Mayo Clin, Dept Psychiat & Psychol, Rochester, MN USA. [Wichman, Scott E.] USN, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Weaver, Amy L.] Mayo Clin, Dept Biostat, Rochester, MN USA. [Coddington, Charles] Mayo Clin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Wichman, CL (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, 1155 N Mayfair Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM cwichman@mcw.edu NR 25 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 95 IS 2 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.043 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 709EA UT WOS:000286419000060 PM 21067728 ER PT J AU Wallace, DL AF Wallace, Donald L. TI Hermann Broch's literary Friendships SO GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wallace, Donald L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wallace, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARIZ STATE UNIV PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV, BOX 873204, TEMPE, AZ 85287-3204 USA SN 0149-7952 J9 GER STUD REV JI Ger. Stud. Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 223 EP 224 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 725YI UT WOS:000287682400058 ER PT J AU Gao, XS Zhang, TT Zhou, J Graham, SM Hayden, M Roe, C AF Gao, Xiaosheng Zhang, Tingting Zhou, Jun Graham, Stephen M. Hayden, Matthew Roe, Charles TI On stress-state dependent plasticity modeling: Significance of the hydrostatic stress, the third invariant of stress deviator and the non-associated flow rule SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Plasticity modeling; Stress triaxiality; Lode angle; Modified Gurson model; Non-associated flow rule ID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FRACTURE INITIATION; DUCTILE MATERIALS; YIELD CRITERION; PRESSURE; SOLIDS; METALS; LOCALIZATION; FRICTION AB It has been shown that the plastic response of many materials, including some metallic alloys, depends on the stress state. In this paper, we describe a plasticity model for isotropic materials, which is a function of the hydrostatic stress as well as the second and third invariants of the stress deviator, and present its finite element implementation, including integration of the constitutive equations using the backward Euler method and formulation of the consistent tangent moduli. Special attention is paid for the adoption of the non-associated flow rule. As an application, this model is calibrated and verified for a 5083 aluminum alloy. Furthermore, the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman porous plasticity model, which is widely used to simulate the void growth process of ductile fracture, is extended to include the effects of hydrostatic stress and the third invariant of stress deviator on the matrix material. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Xiaosheng; Zhang, Tingting; Zhou, Jun] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Graham, Stephen M.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hayden, Matthew; Roe, Charles] USN, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gao, XS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM xgao@uakron.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0553] FX This research is made possible by the funding from the Office of Naval Research N00014-09-1-0553 (Program Manager: Dr. Paul Hess). NR 51 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 217 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.05.004 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 689IR UT WOS:000284921800004 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, I Chandrasekhar, MVS Klein, PB Caldwell, JD Sudarshan, T AF Chowdhury, Iftekhar Chandrasekhar, M. V. S. Klein, Paul B. Caldwell, Joshua D. Sudarshan, Tangali TI High growth rate 4H-SiC epitaxial growth using dichlorosilane in a hot-wall CVD reactor SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Doping; Etching; Chemical vapor deposition processes; Hot-wall epitaxy; Semiconducting materials ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAS-PHASE NUCLEATION; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; SILICON PRECURSOR; HIGH-PURITY; EPILAYERS; FILMS; 4H AB Thick, high quality 4H-SiC epilayers have been grown in a vertical hot-wall chemical vapor deposition system at a high growth rate on (0 0 0 1)8 degrees off-axis substrates. We discuss the use of dichlorosilane as the Si-precursor for 4H-SiC epitaxial growth as it provides the most direct decomposition route into SiCl2, which is the predominant growth species in chlorinated chemistries. A specular surface morphology was attained by limiting the hydrogen etch rate until the system was equilibrated at the desired growth temperature. The RMS roughness of the grown films ranged from 0.5-2.0 nm with very few morphological defects (carrots, triangular defects, etc.) being introduced, while enabling growth rates of 30-100 mu m/h, 5-15 times higher than most conventional growths. Site-competition epitaxy was observed over a wide range of C/Si ratios, with doping concentrations < 1 x 10(14) cm(-3) being recorded. X-ray rocking curves indicated that the epilayers were of high crystallinity, with linewidths as narrow as 7.8 arcsec being observed, while microwave photoconductive decay (mu PCD) measurements indicated that these films had high injection (ambipolar) carrier lifetimes in the range of 2 mu s. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chowdhury, Iftekhar; Chandrasekhar, M. V. S.; Sudarshan, Tangali] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Klein, Paul B.; Caldwell, Joshua D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sudarshan, T (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, 301 S Main St,Rm 3A80, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM chowdhui@cec.sc.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU Office of Naval Research [N000140910619] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Grant no. N000140910619. The authors thank contract monitor Dr. H. Scott Coombe of ONR for his support in this research. The authors also thank Dr. Chris Williams for the use of his Raman Spectroscopy setup and Dr. Peter Muzykov for his assistance in the XRD measurements. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 316 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.11.128 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 724EJ UT WOS:000287558600013 ER PT J AU Sanders, BF Bradford, SF AF Sanders, Brett F. Bradford, Scott F. TI Network Implementation of the Two-Component Pressure Approach for Transient Flow in Storm Sewers SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Sewer model; Godunov-type method; Finite volume method; St. Venant equations; Free-surface flow; Pressurized flow ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FREE-SURFACE; MODEL; SIMULATION; PIPES; INTEGRATION; TRANSITION; POROSITY; SYSTEMS AB The two-component pressure approach (TPA) is an alternative to the Preissman slot method (PSM) for modeling highly transient sewer flow, including transitions between free-surface and pressurized conditions. TPA and PSM resolve intralink wave action by discretizing sewers with numerous elements and solving one-dimensional flow equations in contrast to link-node models, such as the popular storm water management model, which resolve only interlink wave action. Here, improvements of TPA are reported to support storm sewer network modeling. These include a source term discretization to preserve stationarity, a wetting and drying scheme, and a local time-stepping scheme to coordinate solution updates across many links and enable coupling to a two-dimensional overland flow model. A unique variant of the Harten, Lax and van Leer (HLL) Riemann solver is also introduced, and a boundary solver is developed to accommodate the wide range of possible flow regimes and transitions. The boundary solver is explicit to facilitate the extension of TPA to large networks and coupling with an overland flow model. Promising results are obtained in a varied set of test problems involving simple sewer networks. C1 [Sanders, Brett F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bradford, Scott F.] USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanders, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI 0825165] FX B.F.S. was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. CMMI 0825165), whose support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank J. Vasconcelos for graciously sharing experimental and modeling data reported in this paper, and Bernardo Trindade for reviewing the manuscript and offering suggestions for improvements. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2011 VL 137 IS 2 BP 158 EP 172 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000293 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 706LB UT WOS:000286218800003 ER PT J AU Rukhin, A Priebe, CE AF Rukhin, Andrey Priebe, Carey E. TI A comparative power analysis of the maximum degree and size invariants for random graph inference SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Erdos-Renyi random graphs; Statistical inference; Comparative power analysis AB Let p,s is an element of (0,1] with s > p, let m, n is an element of N with 1 < m < n, and define V = {1, ..., n}. Let ER(n,p) denote the random graph model on V where each edge is independently included in the graph with probability p. Let kappa(n,p,m,s) denote the random graph model on V where each edge among the m vertices {1, ..., m} is independently included in the graph with probability s and all other edges are independently included with probability p. We view graphs from the ER(n,p) model as "homogeneous": the probability of the presence of an edge is the same throughout such a graph. On the other hand, we view a graph generated by the kappa model as "anomalous": such a graph possesses increased edge probability among a certain subset of its vertices. Our inference setting is to determine whether an observed graph G is "homogeneous" (with some known p) or "anomalous". In this article, we analyze the statistical power beta of the size invariant vertical bar E(G)vertical bar (the number of edges in the graph) and the maximum degree invariant, Delta(G) in detecting such anomalies. In particular, we demonstrate an interesting phenomenon when comparing the powers of these statistics: the limit theory can be at odds with the finite-sample evidence even for astronomically large graphs. For example, under certain values of p,s and m = m(n), we show that the maximum degree statistic is more powerful (beta(Delta) > beta(vertical bar E vertical bar)) for n <= 10(24) while lim(n ->infinity)beta(Delta)/beta(vertical bar E vertical bar) < 1. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Priebe, Carey E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rukhin, Andrey] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Priebe, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cep@jhu.edu RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 141 IS 2 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2010.09.013 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 682FJ UT WOS:000284386500041 ER PT J AU Tanyi, JA Nitzling, KD Lodwick, CJ Huston, AL Justus, BL AF Tanyi, James A. Nitzling, Kevin D. Lodwick, Camille J. Huston, Alan L. Justus, Brian L. TI Characterization of a gated fiber-optic-coupled detector for application in clinical electron beam dosimetry SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE real-time dosimetry; pulsed electron beam; gated fiber optics; in vivo dosimetry ID REAL-TIME; CERENKOV RADIATION; PHOTON BEAMS; RADIOTHERAPY; SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; LIGHT; OSL AB Purpose: Assessment of the fundamental dosimetric characteristics of a novel gated fiber-optic-coupled dosimetry system for clinical electron beam irradiation. Methods: The response of fiber-optic-coupled dosimetry system to clinical electron beam, with nominal energy range of 6-20 MeV, was evaluated for reproducibility, linearity, and output dependence on dose rate, dose per pulse, energy, and field size. The validity of the detector system's response was assessed in correspondence with a reference ionization chamber. Results: The fiber-optic-coupled dosimetry system showed little dependence to dose rate variations (coefficient of variation +/-0.37%) and dose per pulse changes (with 0.54% of reference chamber measurements). The reproducibility of the system was +/-0.55% for dose fractions of similar to 100 cGy. Energy dependence was within +/-1.67% relative to the reference ionization chamber for the 6-20 MeV nominal electron beam energy range. The system exhibited excellent linear response (R(2) = 1.000) compared to reference ionization chamber in the dose range of 1-1000 cGy. The output factors were within +/-0.54% of the corresponding reference ionization chamber measurements. Conclusions: The dosimetric properties of the gated fiber-optic-coupled dosimetry system compare favorably to the corresponding reference ionization chamber measurements and show considerable potential for applications in clinical electron beam radiotherapy. (C) 2011 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3539737] C1 [Tanyi, James A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Radiat Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Tanyi, James A.; Nitzling, Kevin D.; Lodwick, Camille J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Huston, Alan L.; Justus, Brian L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tanyi, JA (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Radiat Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM tanyij@ohsu.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 961 EP 967 DI 10.1118/1.3539737 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 716DI UT WOS:000286945000042 PM 21452732 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Moody, NR Holroyd, NJH Ricker, RE AF Vasudevan, A. K. Moody, N. R. Holroyd, N. J. H. Ricker, R. E. TI Foreword: International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Moody, N. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Holroyd, N. J. H.] Luxfer Gas Cylinders, Riverside, CA USA. [Ricker, R. E.] Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900001 ER PT J AU Heltemes, KJ Dougherty, AL MacGregor, AJ Galameau, MR AF Heltemes, Kevin J. Dougherty, Amber L. MacGregor, Andrew J. Galameau, Michael R. TI Inpatient Hospitalizations of U.S. Military Personnel Medically Evacuated From Iraq and Afghanistan With Combat-Related Traumatic Brain Injury SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NECK INJURIES; DEPRESSION; FREEDOM; HEAD; WAR AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been called the signature wound of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The aim of the present study was to describe and assess the incidence of inpatient hospitalizations of U.S. military personnel who were medically evacuated from OIF and OEF with combat-related TBI. Inpatient medical records from 2003 to 2008 were used to determine incident episodes of TBI requiring hospitalization in Landstuhl or CONUS Regional Medical Centers. Denominator data for calculating incidence rates were available from the Defense Manpower Data Center. During the study period, 1,213 U.S. military personnel from OIF and OEF were hospitalized with combat-related TBI. Of these, the largest proportion (40.9%) occurred in 2007. The rate of inpatient hospitalization with TBI was 10.4 per 10,000 troop strength (95% confidence interval: 9.9, 10.9). Future research should examine the incidence of TBI in-theater and include an analysis by injury severity. C1 [Heltemes, Kevin J.; Dougherty, Amber L.; MacGregor, Andrew J.; Galameau, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Heltemes, KJ (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC under Work Unit [60808] FX We thank Science Applications International Corporation for its contributions to this work. This work was supported by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, under Work Unit No. 60808. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 176 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BL UT WOS:000295245800005 PM 21366072 ER PT J AU Johnson, DC Polusny, MA Erbes, CR King, D King, L Litz, BT Schnurr, PP Friedman, M Pietrzak, RH Southwick, SM AF Johnson, Douglas C. Polusny, Melissa A. Erbes, Christopher R. King, Daniel King, Lynda Litz, Brett T. Schnurr, Paula P. Friedman, Matthew Pietrzak, Robert H. Southwick, Steven M. TI Development and Initial Validation of the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DAVIDSON RESILIENCE SCALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; JOB-SATISFACTION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; LIFE EVENTS; CD-RISC; HARDINESS; PREDICTORS; MODEL AB This report describes the development and initial validation of the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale (RSES), a measure of individual differences in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to stressful life events. We validated this instrument with active-duty and reserve components of military and veterans samples (N = 1,014). The resulting 22-item scale demonstrated sound internal consistency (alpha = 0.91-0.93) and good test-retest reliability (r = 0.87). Factor analysis suggested 5 protective factors: (a) meaning-making and restoration, (b) active coping, (c) cognitive flexibility, (d) spirituality, and (e) self-efficacy. Associations with other measures supported convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. In separate military samples, the RSES accounted for unique variance in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms above and beyond existing scales measuring resilience-related constructs, thereby demonstrating incremental validity. The RSES provides a brief, reliable, and valid measure of individual differences in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to life's most stressful events. C1 [Johnson, Douglas C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Johnson, Douglas C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Polusny, Melissa A.] Minneapolis VA Med Ctr, Posttraumat Stress Recovery Program, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. [Polusny, Melissa A.] Minneapolis VA Med Ctr, Ctr Chron Dis Outcome Res, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. [Polusny, Melissa A.; Erbes, Christopher R.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [King, Daniel; Litz, Brett T.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst 116B2, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Behav Sci Div, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [King, Daniel; King, Lynda; Litz, Brett T.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [King, Lynda] VA Boston Healthcare Syst 116B3, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Womens Hlth Sci Div, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Schnurr, Paula P.; Friedman, Matthew] VA Med Ctr, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Execut Div, White River Jct, VT 05009 USA. [Schnurr, Paula P.; Friedman, Matthew] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Friedman, Matthew] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pietrzak, Robert H.; Southwick, Steven M.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Natl Ctr Posttratimat Stress Disorder, Clin Neurosci Div, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Pietrzak, Robert H.; Southwick, Steven M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd,Bldg 328, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Department of Defense [W81XWH-07-2-003] FX This material is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA. This research was supported in part by a grant from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP; W81XWH-07-2-003). NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 176 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BL UT WOS:000295245800011 PM 21366078 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Mazeina, L Kim, BJ Prokes, SM Hite, J Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Mastro, Michael A. Mazeina, Lena Kim, Byung-Jae Prokes, Sharka M. Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Vertical zinc oxide nanowires embedded in self-assembled photonic crystal SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Zinc Oxide; Nanowire; Photonic crystal AB A dense array of vertical ZnO nanowires was grown on an Al0.3Ga0.7N/AlN distributed Bragg reflector. The ZnO nanowires were embedded in a photonic crystal formed by self-assembly of SiO2 nanospheres into a close-packed fcc structure. The photonic crystal modified the spontaneous emission spectrum of the ZnO nanowires. A calculation confirmed that a close spacing in the ZnO nanowires will lead to coupling in the wire-to-wire electromagnetic fields. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mastro, Michael A.; Mazeina, Lena; Prokes, Sharka M.; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Byung-Jae; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.mastro@nrl.navy.mil; hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU ONR-Global [N62909-09-1-4060] FX The work at NRL was supported by ONR and ONR-Global (N62909-09-1-4060). LM thanks National Research Council for administrative support. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 EI 1569-4429 J9 PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2010.12.001 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 743JX UT WOS:000289015700013 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, David R. TI At Home: A Short History of Private Life SO POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Henderson, David R.] Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Henderson, David R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HOOVER INST PI STANFORD PA STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305-601 USA SN 0146-5945 J9 POLICY REV JI Policy Rev. PD FEB-MAR PY 2011 IS 165 BP 108 EP 112 PG 5 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 722HB UT WOS:000287422100011 ER PT J AU Delzer, JA Romanyukha, A Benevides, LA AF Delzer, J. A. Romanyukha, A. Benevides, L. A. TI Long-term neutron dose fading study of LiF: Mg,Cu,P TLD SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE TLD; Dosimetry; Neutron; Dose fading; TLD-600H; TLD-700H ID RESIDUAL SIGNAL; PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY; LIF-MG,CU,P; LIMIT AB An extensive study of neutron dose fading in LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) using commercially-available dosimeters and equipment for their processing was undertaken. During the 52 week study, three thousand TLDs were stored for various lengths of time before and after being exposed to a plutonium beryllium radiation source. The TLDs were subsequently processed and the resulting doses were compared to the reference exposure. Both a loss of signal and a loss of sensitivity were evaluated. The results of this study have shown that the commercially produced LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD has no statistically significant change in sensitivity or change in signal with up to 52 weeks of pre-irradiation or post-irradiation time. The results of this study will provide the technical basis for increasing the exposure record accuracy, and extending the usable lifetime of dosimeters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Romanyukha, A.; Benevides, L. A.] USN, Dosimerty Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Delzer, J. A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Romanyukha, A (reprint author), USN, Dosimerty Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM aromanyukha@usuhs.mil FU U.S. Department of Defense operational and maintenance budget FX The study was funded through U.S. Department of Defense operational and maintenance budget. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.11.012 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 725DS UT WOS:000287626000006 ER PT J AU O'Connor, P O'Dea, A Kennedy, Q Buttrey, SE AF O'Connor, Paul O'Dea, Angela Kennedy, Quinn Buttrey, Samuel E. TI Measuring safety climate in aviation: A review and recommendations for the future SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Safety climate; Aviation; Validity ID HIGH-RELIABILITY ORGANIZATIONS; INITIAL VALIDATION; CULTURE; PROGRAMS AB This paper reviews 23 studies that have examined safety climate within commercial and military aviation. The safety climate factors identified in the aviation safety climate questionnaires were found to be consistent with the literature examining safety climate in non-aviation high reliability organizations. Therefore, it was concluded that the aviation safety climate tools had some construct validity (the extent to which the questionnaire measures what it is intended to measure). However, the majority of the studies made no attempt to establish the discriminate validity (the ability of the tool to differentiate between organizations or personnel with different levels of safety performance) of the tools. It is recommended that rather than constructing more aviation safety climate questionnaires, researchers should focus on establishing the construct and discriminate validity of existing measures by correlating safety climate with other metrics of safety performance. It is recognized that the accident rate in commercial aviation is too low to provide a sufficiently sensitive measure of safety performance. However, there are other measures of safety performance, collected as part of a company's Aviation Safety Action Program or Flight Operational Quality Assurance, which could be used to assess the discriminate validity of an aviation safety climate tool. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connor, Paul] Natl Univ Ireland, JE Cairnes Sch Business & Econ, Ctr Innovat & Struct Change, Galway, Ireland. [O'Dea, Angela] USN, Postgrad Sch, Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kennedy, Quinn; Buttrey, Samuel E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, JE Cairnes Sch Business & Econ, Ctr Innovat & Struct Change, Galway, Ireland. EM poc73@hotmail.com; aodea69@hotmail.com; mqkenned@nps.edu; buttrey@nps.edu RI OConnor, Paul/H-1221-2011 OI OConnor, Paul/0000-0001-9036-098X FU Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC) FX This work was funded by the Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC). All opinions stated in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion or position of the US Navy, the Naval Postgraduate School, or the National University of Ireland, Galway. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.ssci.2010.10.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 692BF UT WOS:000285125800004 ER PT J AU Fletcher, M Alexson, DM Prokes, S Glembocki, O Vivoni, A Hosten, C AF Fletcher, Melissa Alexson, D. M. Prokes, Sharka Glembocki, Orest Vivoni, Alberto Hosten, Charles TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of a Ag/oligo(phenyleneethynylene)/Ag sandwich SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Surface-enhanced Raman; Oligo(phenyleneethynylenes); Nanosandwich ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CHARGE-TRANSFER MECHANISM; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD; SERS; STABILITY; FILMS; ARRAYS AB alpha,omega-Dithiols are a useful class of compounds in molecular electronics because of their ability to easily adsorb to two metal surfaces, producing a molecular junction. We have prepared Ag nanosphere/oligo(phenyleneethynylene)/Ag sol (AgNS/OPE/Ag sol) and Ag nanowire/oligo(phenyleneethynylene)/Ag sol (AgNW/OPE/Ag sol) sandwiches to simulate the architecture of a molecular electronic device. This was achieved by self-assembly of OPE on the silver nanosurface, deprotection of the terminal sulfur, and deposition of Ag sol atop the monolayer. These sandwiches were then characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The resulting spectra were compared to the bulk spectrum of the dimer and to the Ag nanosurface/OPE SERS spectra. The intensities of the SERS spectra in both systems exhibit a strong dependence on Ag deposition time and the results are also suggestive of intense interparticle coupling of the electromagnetic fields in both the AgNW/OPE/Ag and the AgNS/OPE/Ag systems. Three previously unobserved bands (1219, 1234, 2037 cm(-1)) arose in the SER spectra of the sandwiches and their presence is attributed to the strong enhancement of the electromagnetic field which is predicted from the COSMOL computational package. The 544cm(-1) disulfide bond which is observed in the spectrum of solid OPE but is absent in the AgNS/OPE/Ag and AgNW/OPE/Ag spectra is indicative of chemisorption of OPE to the nanoparticles through oxidative dissociation of the disulfide bond. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fletcher, Melissa; Hosten, Charles] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Alexson, D. M.; Prokes, Sharka; Glembocki, Orest] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vivoni, Alberto] Inter Amer Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Environm Sci, Bayamon, PR USA. RP Hosten, C (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM chosten@howard.edu FU CREST Nanoscale Analytical Sciences Education and Research Center [NSF 0833127]; NSF AGEP/Bridge; Department of Chemistry at Howard University FX The authors would like to thank the CREST Nanoscale Analytical Sciences Education and Research Center Grant Number NSF 0833127. M.F. would like to thank the NSF AGEP/Bridge to the Doctorate Program and the Department of Chemistry at Howard University for financial support. C.M.H. would like to acknowledge the ASEE/Summer Faculty Research Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 706 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.saa.2010.11.053 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 724ZH UT WOS:000287614500023 PM 21190893 ER PT J AU Flores, C Bounds, DL Ruby, DE AF Flores, Conception Bounds, Dixie L. Ruby, Douglas E. TI Does Prescribed Fire Benefit Wetland Vegetation? SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Distichlis spicata; Marsh; Schoenoplectus americanus; Spartina alterniflora; Spartina patens; Stem density ID PLANT COMMUNITY; BIOMASS; MARSH; MANAGEMENT; HERBIVORY; TEXAS AB The effects of fire on wetland vegetation in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States are poorly known, despite the historical use of fire by federal, state, and private landowners in the Chesapeake Bay Region. Prescribed fire is widely used by land managers to promote vegetation that is beneficial to migratory waterfowl, muskrats, and other native wildlife and to reduce competition from less desirable plant species. We compared vegetative response to two fire rotations, annual burns and 3-year burns, and two control sites, Control 1 and Control 2. We tested the effects of fire within six tidal marsh wetlands at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge and Fishing Bay Wildlife Management Area in Maryland. We examined changes in total live biomass (all species), total stem density, litter, and changes in live biomass and stem density of four dominant wetland plant species (11 variables). Our results suggest that annual prescribed fires will decrease the accumulation of litter, increase the biomass and stem densities of some wetland plants generally considered less desirable for wildlife, and have little or no effect on other wetland plants previously thought to benefit from fire. C1 [Flores, Conception; Bounds, Dixie L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Ruby, Douglas E.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Flores, C (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Command SW, 1220 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. EM conception.flores@navy.mil; dixie_birch@fws.gov; deruby@umes.edu FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding the project. We are grateful to Bjorn Burgeson, Katherine Thorington, Fred Adams, and Alice Brown for assistance in biomass collection. Thanks to the Blackwater NWR staff, especially, Glenn Carowan, Bill Giese, Keith Morris, Roger Stone, and the Blackwater Fire Crew. Statistical assistance and support was provided by Jeff S. Hatfield, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Dr. Mary Christman, University of Maryland College Park; Dr. Patricia Jones, University of Arizona; Dr. David Turner, USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station; and Dawn Lawson and Toni Mizerek, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0131-x PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741ZO UT WOS:000288907700004 ER PT J AU Bargmann, S Jordan, PM AF Bargmann, S. Jordan, P. M. TI A second-sound based, hyperbolic SIR model for high-diffusivity spread SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE SIR models; Inertial-type II theory of second-sound; Traveling wave solutions; Singular surfaces; Lambert W-function ID NONLINEAR MEDIA; TRAVELING-WAVES; GROWTH; SHOCK; THERMODYNAMICS; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS AB We present an analytical study of one-dimensional (1D) kinematic wave phenomena under a hyperbolic SIR model based not on Fick's diffusion law, but rather on the inertial-type II flux law of second-sound theory. Unlike in the Ficken context, we are able to derive exact traveling wave solutions (TWS)s, as well as explicit asymptotic/approximate expressions, for both the susceptibles and infectives. We also determine, using singular surface theory, how shock-fronts resulting from initial jump discontinuities propagate and evolve under this model. In particular, critical values and special cases are examined and possible mitigation methods, which take the form of parameter-value manipulation(s), are noted. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bargmann, S.] TU Dortmund, Inst Mech, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. [Jordan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), TU Dortmund, Inst Mech, Leonhard Euler Str 5, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil FU German Science Foundation (DFG); ONR/NRL FX The authors are grateful to Prof. F. Porcelli and the two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions. Partial financial support for this work provided by the German Science Foundation (DFG) is greatly acknowledged (S.B.). P.M.J. was supported by ONR/NRL funding. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 375 IS 5 BP 898 EP 907 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2010.12.059 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 716II UT WOS:000286961900007 ER PT J AU Xia, L Boos, JB Bennett, BR Ancona, MG del Alamo, JA AF Xia, Ling Boos, J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. Ancona, Mario G. del Alamo, Jesus A. TI Hole mobility enhancement in In0.41Ga0.59Sb quantum-well field-effect transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL; SEMICONDUCTORS; REPRESENTATION; SILICON; STRAIN AB The impact of < 110 > uniaxial strain on the characteristics of p-channel In0.41Ga0.59Sb quantum-well field-effect transistors (QW-FETs) is studied through chip-bending experiments. Uniaxial strain is found to affect the linear-regime drain current and the threshold voltage of the FET through the modulation of the hole mobility of the two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) in the QW-FET. The piezoresistance coefficients of the 2DHG have been determined to be pi(parallel to)(< 110 >) = 1.17 x 10(-10) cm(2)/dyn and pi(perpendicular to)(< 110 >) =-1.9 x 10(-11) cm(2)/dyn. The value of pi(parallel to)(< 110 >) is 1.5 times that of holes in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistors and establishes InGaSb as a promising material system for a future III-V complementary MOS (CMOS) technology. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3552963] C1 [Xia, Ling; del Alamo, Jesus A.] MIT, Microsyst Technol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Boos, J. Brad; Bennett, Brian R.; Ancona, Mario G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xia, L (reprint author), MIT, Microsyst Technol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lingxia@mit.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Xia, Ling/G-5573-2012; OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; del Alamo, Jesus/0000-0003-4003-7863 FU FCRP-MSD; Intel Corp.; Office of Naval Research FX The MIT portion of this work was sponsored by FCRP-MSD and Intel Corp. The NRL authors thank the Office of Naval Research for support. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 5 AR 053505 DI 10.1063/1.3552963 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 716QK UT WOS:000286988400080 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Jacobson, IG Hooper, TI LeardMann, CA Boyko, EJ Smith, B Gackstetter, GD Wells, TS Amoroso, PJ Gray, GC Riddle, JR Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. Jacobson, Isabel G. Hooper, Tomoko I. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Boyko, Edward J. Smith, Besa Gackstetter, Gary D. Wells, Timothy S. Amoroso, Paul J. Gray, Gregory C. Riddle, James R. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Health impact of US military service in a large population-based military cohort: findings of the Millennium Cohort Study, 2001-2008 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; MENTAL-HEALTH; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; VIETNAM VETERANS; ERA VETERANS AB Background: Combat-intense, lengthy, and multiple deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan have characterized the new millennium. The US military's all-volunteer force has never been better trained and technologically equipped to engage enemy combatants in multiple theaters of operations. Nonetheless, concerns over potential lasting effects of deployment on long-term health continue to mount and are yet to be elucidated. This report outlines how findings from the first 7 years of the Millennium Cohort Study have helped to address health concerns related to military service including deployments. Methods: The Millennium Cohort Study was designed in the late 1990s to address veteran and public concerns for the first time using prospectively collected health and behavioral data. Results: Over 150 000 active-duty, reserve, and National Guard personnel from all service branches have enrolled, and more than 70% of the first 2 enrollment panels submitted at least 1 follow-up survey. Approximately half of the Cohort has deployed in support of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Conclusion: The Millennium Cohort Study is providing prospective data that will guide public health policymakers for years to come by exploring associations between military exposures and important health outcomes. Strategic studies aim to identify, reduce, and prevent adverse health outcomes that may be associated with military service, including those related to deployment. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc ANSER, Arlington, VA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.; Riddle, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM tyler.c.smith@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense [60002]; M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland; VA Puget Sound FX This work represents report 09-14, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, nor the US Government.; We are indebted to all Millennium Cohort Study participants. We thank Scott L. Seggermanfrom the Management Information Division, Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey, California. Additionally, we thank Millennium Cohort Team Members Melissa Bagnell, MPH; Gina Creaven, MBA; James Davies; Lacy Farnell; Nisara Granado, MPH, PhD; Gia Gumbs, MPH; Jaime Horton; Sydney Lee, MS; Travis Leleu; Gordon Lynch; Jamie McGrew; Hope McMaster, MA, PhD; Amanda Pietrucha, MPH; Teresa Powell, MS; Amber Seelig, MPH; Katherine Snell; Steven Speigle; Kari Sausedo, MA; Martin White, MPH; James Whitmer; and Charlene Wong, MPH; from the Department of Deployment Health Research and Michelle LeWark, from the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. We also thank the professionals from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, especially those from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, Maryland. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland. VA Puget Sound provided support for Dr. Boyko's participation in this research. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 69 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-69 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 723LM UT WOS:000287508000002 PM 21281496 ER PT J AU Chavko, M Watanabe, T Adeeb, S Lankasky, J Ahlers, ST McCarron, RM AF Chavko, Mikulas Watanabe, Tomas Adeeb, Saleena Lankasky, Jason Ahlers, Stephen T. McCarron, Richard M. TI Relationship between orientation to a blast and pressure wave propagation inside the rat brain SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE Explosion; Blast overpressure; Transmission; Rat brain ID INDUCED NEUROTRAUMA; INJURY; SYSTEM; IRAQ AB Exposure to a blast wave generated during an explosion may result in brain damage and related neurological impairments. Several mechanisms by which the primary blast wave can damage the brain have been proposed, including: (1) a direct effect of the shock wave on the brain causing tissue damage by skull flexure and propagation of stress and shear forces; and (2) an indirect transfer of kinetic energy from the blast, through large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to the central nervous system. To address a basic question related to the mechanisms of blast brain injury, pressure was measured inside the brains of rats exposed to a low level of blast (similar to 35 kPa), while positioned in three different orientations with respect to the primary blast wave; head facing blast, right side exposed to blast and head facing away from blast. Data show different patterns and durations of the pressure traces inside the brain, depending on the rat orientation to blast. Frontal exposures (head facing blast) resulted in pressure traces of higher amplitude and longer duration, suggesting direct transmission and reflection of the pressure inside the brain (dynamic pressure transfer). The pattern of the pressure wave inside the brain in the head facing away from blast exposures assumes contribution of the static pressure, similar to hydrodynamic pressure to the pressure wave inside the brain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chavko, Mikulas; Watanabe, Tomas; Adeeb, Saleena; Lankasky, Jason; Ahlers, Stephen T.; McCarron, Richard M.] USN, NeuroTrauma Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chavko, M (reprint author), USN, NeuroTrauma Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Mikulas.Chayko@med.navy.mil FU CDMRP Work Unit [2780.00000.22.A0810] FX This work was supported by CDMRP Work Unit #2780.00000.22.A0810. The experiments reported herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals", Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996 and was approved by WRAIR/NMRC IACUC Committee. The opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Navy, Department of Defense, of the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 195 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.11.019 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 717UR UT WOS:000287073400008 PM 21129403 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI Schweigert, IV AF Dunlap, Brett I. Schweigert, Igor V. TI Self-consistent, constrained linear-combination-of-atomic-potentials approach to quantum mechanics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; HARTREE-FOCK; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ENERGY DERIVATIVES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; X-ALPHA; APPROXIMATIONS; SYSTEMS AB Variational fitting gives a stationary linear-combination of atomic potentials (LCAP) approximation to the Kohn-Sham (KS) potential, V. That potential is central to density-functional theory because it generates all orbitals, occupied as well as virtual. Perturbation theory links two self-consistent field (SCF) calculations that differ by the perturbation. Using the same variational LCAP methods and basis sets in the two SCF calculations gives precise KS potentials for each order. Variational V perturbation theory, developed herein through second order, gives stationary potentials at each order and stationary even-order perturbed energies that precisely link the two SCF calculations. Iterative methods are unnecessary because the dimension of the matrix that must be inverted is the KS basis size, not the number of occupied times virtual orbitals of coupled-perturbed methods. With variational perturbation theory, the precision of derivatives and the fidelity of the LCAP KS potential are not related. Finite differences of SCF calculations allow the precision of analytic derivatives from double-precision code to be verified to roughly seven significant digits. For a simple functional, the fourth derivatives of the energy and the first and second derivative of the KS potentials with respect to orbital occupation are computed for a standard set of molecules and basis sets, with and without constraints on the fit to the KS potential. There is no significant difference between the constrained and unconstrained calculations. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3524340] C1 [Dunlap, Brett I.; Schweigert, Igor V.] USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dunlap@nrl.navy.mil RI Schweigert, Igor/B-5750-2008; OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory; Naval Research Laboratory through the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported and by the Office of Naval Research, both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory, and by the Naval Research Laboratory through the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 4 AR 044122 DI 10.1063/1.3524340 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715PY UT WOS:000286897600027 PM 21280702 ER PT J AU Fragiadakis, D Roland, CM AF Fragiadakis, D. Roland, C. M. TI On the density scaling of liquid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HIGH-PRESSURE; CHAIN-LENGTH; RELAXATION; SIMULATION; VISCOSITY; POLYMERS; MODELS; FLUID AB Superpositioning of relaxation data as a function of the product variable TV(gamma), where T is temperature, V the specific volume, and gamma a material constant, is an experimental fact demonstrated for approximately 100 liquids and polymers. Such scaling behavior would result from the intermolecular potential having the form of an inverse power law (IPL), suggesting that an IPL is a good approximation for certain relaxation properties over the relevant range of intermolecular distances. However, the derivation of the scaling property of an IPL liquid is based on reduced quantities, for example, the reduced relaxation time equal to T(1/2V-1/3) times the actual relaxation time. The difference between scaling using reduced rather than unreduced units is negligible in the supercooled regime; however, at higher temperature the difference can be substantial, accounting for the purported breakdown of the scaling and giving rise to different values of the scaling exponent. Only the gamma obtained using reduced quantities can be sensibly related to the intermolecular potential. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3532545] C1 [Fragiadakis, D.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fragiadakis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. D.F. acknowledges a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 4 AR 044504 DI 10.1063/1.3532545 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715PY UT WOS:000286897600070 PM 21280745 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Connor, BJ Barrett, J Mooney, T Parrish, A Boyd, I Wrotny, JE Gomez, RM Koda, J Santee, ML Froidevaux, L AF Nedoluha, Gerald E. Connor, Brian J. Barrett, James Mooney, Thomas Parrish, Alan Boyd, Ian Wrotny, Jonathan E. Gomez, R. Michael Koda, Jin Santee, Michelle L. Froidevaux, Lucien TI Ground-based measurements of ClO from Mauna Kea and intercomparisons with Aura and UARS MLS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE MONOXIDE; STRATOSPHERE; VALIDATION; CHEMISTRY; OZONE; ANTARCTICA; MESOSPHERE; SATELLITE; HALOE; MODEL AB The ground-based measurements of upper stratospheric ClO, made with a ground-based millimeter wave instrument at Mauna Kea, Hawaii (19.8 degrees N, 204.5 degrees E) starting in 1992, are compared with UARS (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite) MLS ClO measurements (1991-1998) and the Aura MLS ClO measurements (2004-2009). The ground-based measurements are made as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Intercomparisons between the ground-based measurements and the Aura MLS measurements show that both instruments retrieve similar seasonal variations over Mauna Kea. The seasonal variation in ClO is also compared with measurements of variations in stratospheric CH4, which affects the partitioning of total inorganic chlorine. Using the ground-based instruments as a transfer standard, we find that the agreement between UARS and Aura MLS ClO measurements near the peak of the mixing ratio profile is within similar to 1%. Combining the uncertainties in the biases calculated from the coincident ground-based and satellite measurements, we find that using the ground-based data as a transfer standard allows us to provide a 2 sigma limit to the bias between the UARS and Aura measurements of 3%-4% near the peak of the ClO profile. Given agreement between UARS and Aura MLS of similar to 1%+/- 4%, there is no reason to apply any bias correction in order to use the UARS and Aura MLS ClO measurements as a single data set. C1 [Nedoluha, Gerald E.; Gomez, R. Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Connor, Brian J.] BC Consulting, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Barrett, James; Mooney, Thomas; Koda, Jin] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Parrish, Alan] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Santee, Michelle L.; Froidevaux, Lucien] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boyd, Ian] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Auckland 1149, New Zealand. [Wrotny, Jonathan E.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA [NNX09AF40G] FX We are deeply indebted to Prof. Philip Solomon of Stony Brook University, who was one of the first to envision that stratospheric ClO could be monitored by ground-based remote measurements. Subsequently, he led this program from its inception in the 1980s until his death in April 2008. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The ground-based measurement program is funded by NASA grant NNX09AF40G. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D02307 DI 10.1029/2010JD014732 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713SI UT WOS:000286757300010 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Gomez, RM Hicks, BC Helmboldt, J Bevilacqua, RM Lambert, A AF Nedoluha, Gerald E. Gomez, R. Michael Hicks, Brian C. Helmboldt, Joe Bevilacqua, Richard M. Lambert, Alyn TI Ground-based microwave measurements of water vapor from the midstratosphere to the mesosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE AB We present 5 months of retrievals from a new Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (WVMS) instrument that has been deployed at Table Mountain, California (34.4 degrees N, 242.3 degrees E). The single most important improvement over previous WVMS instruments is that instead of a set of 90 filters, this instrument has a fast Fourier transform spectrometer that provides 16,384 channels across 500 MHz, with a channel bandwidth of similar to 30 kHz. The additional information provided by this spectrometer makes it possible to extend the altitude range of the WVMS measurements from the current similar to 40-80 km range to similar to 26-80 km. We present details of the retrieval scheme and study the effects on the retrieved profiles of fitting instrumental baseline components. We compare the retrievals to coincident measurements from the NASA Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument with a particular emphasis on understanding the stability of the 26 km retrievals. While the retrieval is sensitive to variations at this altitude, neither the MLS-retrieved water vapor mixing ratios nor those retrieved by WVMS show much variation over the 5 month period: a good indication of the stability of both instruments. C1 [Nedoluha, Gerald E.; Gomez, R. Michael; Hicks, Brian C.; Helmboldt, Joe; Bevilacqua, Richard M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lambert, Alyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 7227, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA; Naval Research Laboratory FX We wish to thank S. McDermid, D. Walsh, and T. LeBlanc at Mauna Loa for their technical assistance. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This project was funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program and by the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D02309 DI 10.1029/2010JD014728 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713SI UT WOS:000286757300009 ER PT J AU Shulman, I Moline, MA Penta, B Anderson, S Oliver, M Haddock, SHD AF Shulman, Igor Moline, Mark A. Penta, Bradley Anderson, Stephanie Oliver, Matthew Haddock, Steven H. D. TI Observed and modeled bio-optical, bioluminescent, and physical properties during a coastal upwelling event in Monterey Bay, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; OCEAN; SEA AB During spring and summer time, coastal upwelling influences circulation and ecosystem dynamics of the Monterey Bay, California, which is recognized as a National Marine Sanctuary. Observations of physical, bio-optical properties (including bioluminescence) together with results from dynamical biochemical and bioluminescence models are used to interpret the development of the upwelling event during August 2003 in Monterey Bay, California. Observations and the biochemical model show the development of a phytoplankton bloom in the southern portion of Monterey Bay. Model results show an increase of nutrients in the southern portion of the bay, where nutrient-rich water masses are brought in by the southward flow and cyclonic circulation inside the bay. This increase in nutrients together with the sluggish circulation in the southern portion of the bay provides favorable conditions for phytoplankton growth. Our observations and models suggest that with the development of upwelling the offshore water masses with the subsurface layer of bioluminescent zooplankton were replaced by water masses advected from the northern coast of the bay with a relatively high presence of mostly nonbioluminescent phytoplankton. Inshore observations from autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) show consistent coincidence of chlorophyll, backscatter, and bioluminescence maxima during upwelling development. Offshore AUV observations (taken at the entrance to the bay) show a deeper bioluminescence maximum below the surface layers of high chlorophyll and backscatter values during the earlier stages of upwelling development. Later, the observed deep offshore bioluminescence maximum disappeared and became a shallower and much weaker signal, coinciding with high chlorophyll and backscatter values offshore. Based on the biochemical and bioluminescence models, a methodology for estimating the nighttime water-leaving radiance due to stimulated bioluminescence is demonstrated and evaluated. C1 [Shulman, Igor; Penta, Bradley; Anderson, Stephanie] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Haddock, Steven H. D.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Moline, Mark A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Ctr Marine & Coastal Sci, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Oliver, Matthew] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Sci, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM igor.shulman@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WX20966, N0001410WX20482, N0001409AF00002, N0001410AF00002]; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Initiative FX This research was funded through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) project, "Bio-optical Studies of Predictability and Assimilation in the Coastal Environment" under program element 61153N and grants N0001409WX20966, N0001410WX20482, N0001409AF00002, and N0001410AF00002, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biology Program. We are grateful to the whole AOSN team for discussions and their collaborations. We thank Jeff Paduan of NPS for collaborations on HF radar surface currents and Dmitri Nechaev of USM for helpful discussions about adjoint. Our thanks also go to Fei Chai and Lei Shi of UMaine for help with the biochemical model. Mooring data were provided by Francisco Chavez of MBARI. We thank Peter Sakalaukus of USM for programming and computer support. Computer time for the numerical simulations was provided through a grant from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Initiative. This manuscript is NRL contribution 7330-10-398. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C01018 DI 10.1029/2010JC006525 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 713UM UT WOS:000286762900002 ER PT J AU Lau, KC Dunlap, BI AF Lau, Kah Chun Dunlap, Brett I. TI Molecular dynamics simulation of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystalline and amorphous solids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; OXYGEN-ION TRANSPORT; DEFECT STRUCTURE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CUBIC ZIRCONIA; THIN-FILMS; DIFFUSION AB An empirically fitted atomic potential allows a classical molecular dynamics study of the static and dynamic properties of both crystalline and amorphous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with typical dilute Y2O3 concentrations (i.e. 3.0-12.0 mol% Y2O3) in the temperature range 300-1400 K. Based on the rigid ion model approximation, we find, regardless of the distinctly different geometries, that the oxygen ionic conductivity shows a maximum at similar to 8.0 mol% Y2O3, close to the experimental maximum. A lower absolute ionic conductivity is found for the high density YSZ amorphous solid, relative to crystalline YSZ, consistent with the trends observed in crystalline and stabilized amorphous thin films of YSZ reported in experiments. Different from YSZ crystals, intriguing features of mutual diffusion among the heavy cations and mobile anions are found in the amorphous phase. C1 [Lau, Kah Chun] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lau, KC (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM kclau@anl.gov RI Lau, Kah Chun/A-9348-2013; OI Lau, Kah Chun/0000-0002-4925-3397; Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank the Naval Research Laboratory's High Performance Computing Project Investment Center for a large amount of computer time. The Office of Naval Research, directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory, supported this research. NR 82 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 AR 035401 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/3/035401 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 702UJ UT WOS:000285921100007 PM 21406863 ER PT J AU Hong, JR Katz, J Schultz, MP AF Hong, Jiarong Katz, Joseph Schultz, Michael P. TI Near-wall turbulence statistics and flow structures over three-dimensional roughness in a turbulent channel flow SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE boundary layers; boundary layer structure; turbulent boundary layers ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; FULLY ROUGH; TRANSITIONALLY-ROUGH; EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION AB Utilizing an optically index-matched facility and high-resolution particle image velocimetry measurements, this paper examines flow structure and turbulence in a rough-wall channel flow for Re-t in the 3520-5360 range. The scales of pyramidal roughness elements satisfy the 'well-characterized' flow conditions, with h/k approximate to 50 and k+ = 60 similar to 100, where h is half height of the channel and k is the roughness height. The near-wall turbulence measurements are sensitive to spatial resolution, and vary with Reynolds number. Spatial variations in the mean flow, Reynolds stresses, as well as the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production and dissipation rates are confined to y < 2k. All the Reynolds stress components have local maxima at slightly higher elevations, but the streamwise-normal component increases rapidly at y < k, peaking at the top of the pyramids. The TKE production and dissipation rates along with turbulence transport also peak near the wall. The spatial energy and shear spectra show an increasing contribution of large-scale motions and a diminishing role of small motions with increasing distance from the wall. As the spectra steepen at low wavenumbers, they flatten and develop bumps in wavenumbers corresponding to k - 3k, which fall in the dissipation range. Instantaneous realizations show that roughness-scale eddies are generated near the wall, and lifted up rapidly by large-scale structures that populate the outer layer. A linear stochastic estimation-based analysis shows that the latter share common features with hairpin packets. This process floods the outer layer with roughness-scale eddies, in addition to those generated by the energy-cascading process. Consequently, although the imprints of roughness diminish in the outer-layer Reynolds stresses, consistent with the wall similarity hypothesis, the small-scale turbulence contains a clear roughness signature across the entire channel. C1 [Hong, Jiarong; Katz, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Katz, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM katz@jhu.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Hang, Chen/H-5336-2011; Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0650]; ONR [N00014-06-1-0160]; DURIP [N00014-06-1-0556] FX This research has been funded by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-06-1-0650. The programme officer is Ronald Joslin. Construction of the optically index-matched facility has been funded by ONR, in part under grant N00014-06-1-0160, and in part by DURIP grant N00014-06-1-0556. The programme officer is Ki Han Kim. The authors would like to thank Yury Ronzhes for designing the new facility, as well as Siddharth Talapatra, Joshi Pranav and Huixuan Wu for their help during the experiments. NR 70 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 30 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 25 PY 2011 VL 667 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1017/S0022112010003988 PG 37 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 717MU UT WOS:000287052900001 ER PT J AU Hofmann, T Boosalis, A Kuhne, P Herzinger, CM Woollam, JA Gaskill, DK Tedesco, JL Schubert, M AF Hofmann, T. Boosalis, A. Kuehne, P. Herzinger, C. M. Woollam, J. A. Gaskill, D. K. Tedesco, J. L. Schubert, M. TI Hole-channel conductivity in epitaxial graphene determined by terahertz optical-Hall effect and midinfrared ellipsometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS AB We report noncontact, optical determination of free-charge carrier mobility, sheet density, and resistivity parameters in epitaxial graphene at room temperature using terahertz and midinfrared ellipsometry and optical-Hall effect measurements. The graphene layers are grown on Si- and C-terminated semi-insulating 6H silicon carbide polar surfaces. Data analysis using classical Drude functions and multilayer modeling render the existence of a p-type channel with different sheet densities and effective mass parameters for the two polar surfaces. The optically obtained parameters are in excellent agreement with results from electrical Hall effect measurements. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3548543] C1 [Hofmann, T.; Boosalis, A.; Kuehne, P.; Schubert, M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Hofmann, T.; Boosalis, A.; Kuehne, P.; Schubert, M.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Herzinger, C. M.; Woollam, J. A.] JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Gaskill, D. K.; Tedesco, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hofmann, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM thofmann@engr.unl.edu RI Hofmann, Tino/B-9194-2013; Schubert, Mathias/B-2676-2017; Kuhne, Philipp/D-1840-2017 OI Hofmann, Tino/0000-0003-3362-9959; Schubert, Mathias/0000-0001-6238-663X; Kuhne, Philipp/0000-0002-8827-7404 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-09-C-0097]; National Science Foundation [MRSEC DMR-0820521, MRI DMR-0922937, DMR-0907475]; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; J.A. Woollam Foundation; Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Army Research Office (D. Woolard, Contract No. W911NF-09-C-0097), the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. MRSEC DMR-0820521, MRI DMR-0922937, DMR-0907475), the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the J.A. Woollam Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. J.L.T. acknowledges support from the American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 4 AR 041906 DI 10.1063/1.3548543 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 712OR UT WOS:000286676600013 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ Hart, GLW Curtarolo, S AF Mehl, Michael J. Hart, Gus L. W. Curtarolo, Stefano TI Density functional study of the L1(0)-alpha IrV transition in IrV and RhV SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Structural phase transitions; Jahn-Teller; Electronic structure; Density functional theory; Ordered intermetallic alloys ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CONSTITUTION DIAGRAM; PERTURBATION-THEORY; METALS; ALLOYS; SURFACES; SYSTEMS; PHASES; ENERGY AB Both IrV and RhV crystallize in the alpha IrV structure, with a transition to the higher symmetry L1(0) structure at high temperature, or with the addition of excess Ir or Rh. Here we present evidence that this transition is driven by the lowering of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level of the alpha IrV structure. The transition has long been thought to be second order, with a simple doubling of the L1(0) unit cell due to an unstable phonon at the R point (0 1/2 1/2). We use first-principles calculations to show that all phonons at the R point are, in fact, stable, but do find a region of reciprocal space where the L1(0) structure has unstable (imaginary frequency) phonons. We use the frozen phonon method to examine two of these modes, relaxing the structures associated with the unstable phonon modes to obtain new structures which are lower in energy than L1(0) but still above alpha IrV. We examine the phonon spectra of these structures as well, looking for instabilities, and find further instabilities, and more relaxed structures, all of which have energies above the alpha IrV phase. In addition, we find that all of the relaxed structures, stable and unstable, have a density comparable to the L1(0) phase (and less than the alpha IrV phase), so that any transition from one of these structures to the ground state will have a volume change as well as an energy discontinuity. We conclude that the transition from L1(0) to alpha IrV is probably weakly first order. We also examine the behavior of similar compounds, and show that the alpha IrV structures of both IrTi and RhTi are lower in energy than the experimentally observed high-temperature L1(0) structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mehl, Michael J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hart, Gus L. W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Curtarolo, Stefano] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Curtarolo, Stefano] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Michael.Mehl@nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 FU United States Office of Naval Research (ONR); United States National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0639822]; NSF [DMR-0650406, DMR-0908753]; ONR [N00014-07-1-0878, N00014-07-1-1085, N00014-09-1-0921, N00014-10-1-0436] FX M.J. Mehl is supported by the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR). S. Curtarolo acknowledges support by ONR (N00014-07-1-0878, N00014-07-1-1085, N00014-09-1-0921, and N00014-10-1-0436), and the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) (DMR-0639822). G.L.W. Hart is grateful for support from the NSF through grants DMR-0650406 and DMR-0908753 Many of the computations reported here, including all of the VASP calculations, were performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton OH, under a grant from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 509 IS 3 BP 560 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.08.102 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 694SF UT WOS:000285318400005 ER PT J AU Grappin, R Wang, YM Pantellini, F AF Grappin, R. Wang, Y. -M. Pantellini, F. TI TWO-TEMPERATURE MODELS FOR POLAR PLUMES: COOLING BY MEANS OF STRONG BASE HEATING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: heliosphere; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: transition region; Sun: UV radiation ID SOLAR-WIND; CORONAL HOLE; NETWORK; ACCELERATION; TEMPERATURE; EXPANSION; FLUX; MASS AB In earlier one-fluid hydrodynamical calculations incorporating heat conduction and radiative losses, it was shown that the high densities in polar plumes could be reproduced by including a concentrated heat source near the plume base, in addition to the global heating required in both the plume and interplume regions of the coronal hole. The extra heating (attributed to interchange reconnection between the open flux and an underlying magnetic bipole) results in lower flow speeds and temperatures relative to the interplume gas, predictions that have since been confirmed by spectroscopic measurements. Here, the model is extended to the two-fluid case, in which ions and electrons are allowed to have different temperatures, coupling is via Coulomb collisions, and heat transport is mainly by electrons. Again, we find that depositing energy very close to the coronal base, in either the protons or electrons (or both), raises the densities and decreases the flow speeds everywhere along the flux tube. The higher densities in turn act to lower the ion temperatures by coupling the protons more closely to the energy-losing electrons. In addition, we find that energy must be deposited globally in both the electrons and the ions; without this direct heating, the electrons would end up cooler in the interplume region than in the plume, contrary to observations. Increasing the rate of flux-tube expansion has the effect of lowering the electron and ion temperatures and reducing the asymptotic flow speed, both in the plume and the interplume region; the observed densities and temperatures can be matched by taking the magnetic field to fall off with radius roughly as r(-4). C1 [Grappin, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, LUTH, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Grappin, R.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, LPP, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Wang, Y. -M.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pantellini, F.] Univ Paris Diderot, LESIA, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Grappin, R (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, LUTH, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM roland.grappin@obspm.fr; yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; filippo.pantellini@obspm.fr FU CNRS; NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We thank G. Belmont for stimulating discussions and the referee for helpful comments. This work was supported by CNRS, NASA, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 1 AR 30 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/30 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 703PT UT WOS:000285992000030 ER PT J AU Lean, JL Woods, TN Eparvier, FG Meier, RR Strickland, DJ Correira, JT Evans, JS AF Lean, J. L. Woods, T. N. Eparvier, F. G. Meier, R. R. Strickland, D. J. Correira, J. T. Evans, J. S. TI Solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance: Present, past, and future SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID XUV PHOTOMETER SYSTEM; EUV IRRADIANCE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; REFERENCE SPECTRUM; MGII INDEX; QUIET SUN; NEW-MODEL; VARIABILITY; DAYGLOW; FLUX AB New models of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance variability are constructed in 1 nm bins from 0 to 120 nm using multiple regression of the Mg II and F-10.7 solar activity indices with irradiance observations made during the descending phase of cycle 23. The models have been used to reconstruct EUV spectra daily since 1950, annually since 1610, to forecast daily EUV irradiance and to estimate future levels in cycle 24. A two-component model developed by scaling the observed rotational modulation of the two solar indices underestimates the solar cycle changes that the Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) reports at wavelengths shorter than 40 nm and longer than 80 nm. A three-component model implemented by including an additional term derived from the smoothed Mg II index better reproduces the measurements at all wavelengths. The three-component model is consistent with variations in the EUV energy from 0 to 45 nm that produces the far ultraviolet (FUV) terrestrial dayglow observed by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI). However, the spectral structure of this third component is complex, and its origin is uncertain. Analogous two-and three-component models are also developed with absolute scales determined by the NRLEUV2 spectrum of the quiet Sun rather than by the SEE average spectrum. Assessment of the EUV absolute spectrum and variability of the four different models indicate that during solar cycle 23, the EUV irradiance (0 to 120 nm) increased 100 +/- 30%, from 2.9 +/- 0.2 to 5.8 +/- 0.9 mWm(-2), and may have been as low as 1.9 +/- 0.5 mWm(-2) during the 17th-century Maunder Minimum. Near the peak of upcoming solar cycle 24, EUV irradiance is expected to increase 40% to 80% above the 2008 minimum values. C1 [Lean, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Strickland, D. J.; Correira, J. T.; Evans, J. S.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Woods, T. N.; Eparvier, F. G.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7605,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judith.lean@nrl.navy.mil RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU NASA; ONR FX NASA and ONR funded this work. Harry Warren made available the NRLEUV2 quiet Sun solar spectrum. The NRLSSI model is available on the LISIRD and SOLARIS web sites. NR 53 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A01102 DI 10.1029/2010JA015901 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 710PD UT WOS:000286522800005 ER PT J AU Adams, JT Gray, DJ AF Adams, James T. Gray, Deric J. TI Neutral points in an atmosphere-ocean system. 2: Downwelling light field SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RADIANCE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT; SKY POLARIZATION; RADIATION; SKYLIGHT; SURFACE; RAYLEIGH; WATER AB We use a Monte Carlo code that calculates the complete Stokes vector to predict the degree of polarization in the complete observable solid angle at any level in an atmosphere-ocean system. Using the Stokes vector components, we can find the positions of neutral points in a simulated plane-parallel atmosphere-ocean system for various conditions. We examine the locations and behavior of these neutral points for an observer placed directly above and beneath the air-water boundary and show how their positions are influenced by different atmospheric and oceanic conditions. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Adams, James T.] ISPA Technol, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Gray, Deric J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Adams, JT (reprint author), ISPA Technol, 5901 Kingstowne Village Pkwy, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM james_t_adams@hotmail.com FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [72-9857] FX We thank George W. Kattawar, Charles N. Adams, and Keith Hall for useful discussions, support, and advice. We also thank the two reviewers whose suggestions significantly improved this paper. This project was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) through project 72-9857. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1364/AO.50.000335 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 710JK UT WOS:000286507600017 PM 21263732 ER PT J AU Torres, G Fressin, F Batalha, NM Borucki, WJ Brown, TM Bryson, ST Buchhave, LA Charbonneau, D Ciardi, DR Dunham, EW Fabrycky, DC Ford, EB Gautier, TN Gilliland, RL Holman, MJ Howell, SB Isaacson, H Jenkins, JM Koch, DG Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Marcy, GW Monet, DG Prsa, A Quinn, SN Ragozzine, D Rowe, JF Sasselov, DD Steffen, JH Welsh, WF AF Torres, Guillermo Fressin, Francois Batalha, Natalie M. Borucki, William J. Brown, Timothy M. Bryson, Stephen T. Buchhave, Lars A. Charbonneau, David Ciardi, David R. Dunham, Edward W. Fabrycky, Daniel C. Ford, Eric B. Gautier, Thomas N., III Gilliland, Ronald L. Holman, Matthew J. Howell, Steve B. Isaacson, Howard Jenkins, Jon M. Koch, David G. Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Monet, David G. Prsa, Andrej Quinn, Samuel N. Ragozzine, Darin Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar D. Steffen, Jason H. Welsh, William F. TI MODELING KEPLER TRANSIT LIGHT CURVES AS FALSE POSITIVES: REJECTION OF BLEND SCENARIOS FOR KEPLER-9, AND VALIDATION OF KEPLER-9 d, A SUPER-EARTH-SIZE PLANET IN A MULTIPLE SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; planetary systems; stars: individual (Kepler-9, KIC 3323887, KOI-377); stars: statistics ID STAR; CANDIDATES; MASS; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION AB Light curves from the Kepler Mission contain valuable information on the nature of the phenomena producing the transit-like signals. To assist in exploring the possibility that they are due to an astrophysical false positive, we describe a procedure (BLENDER) to model the photometry in terms of a "blend" rather than a planet orbiting a star. A blend may consist of a background or foreground eclipsing binary (or star-planet pair) whose eclipses are attenuated by the light of the candidate and possibly other stars within the photometric aperture. We apply BLENDER to the case of Kepler-9 (KIC 3323887), a target harboring two previously confirmed Saturn-size planets (Kepler-9 b and Kepler-9 c) showing transit timing variations, and an additional shallower signal with a 1.59 day period suggesting the presence of a super-Earth-size planet. Using BLENDER together with constraints from other follow-up observations we are able to rule out all blends for the two deeper signals and provide independent validation of their planetary nature. For the shallower signal, we rule out a large fraction of the false positives that might mimic the transits. The false alarm rate for remaining blends depends in part (and inversely) on the unknown frequency of small-size planets. Based on several realistic estimates of this frequency, we conclude with very high confidence that this small signal is due to a super-Earth-size planet (Kepler-9 d) in a multiple system, rather than a false positive. The radius is determined to be 1.64(-0.14)(+0.19) R-circle plus, and current spectroscopic observations are as yet insufficient to establish its mass. C1 [Torres, Guillermo; Fressin, Francois; Charbonneau, David; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Latham, David W.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Ragozzine, Darin; Sasselov, Dimitar D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Borucki, William J.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Koch, David G.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ciardi, David R.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Isaacson, Howard] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Monet, David G.] USN, Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Prsa, Andrej] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Steffen, Jason H.] Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Welsh, William F.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu RI Ragozzine, Darin/C-4926-2013; OI Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; Ciardi, David/0000-0002-5741-3047; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 FU NASA FX Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. We are grateful to Leo Girardi for computing isochrones for this work in the Kepler passband, to Frederic Pont for very helpful discussions on false alarm probabilities, and to David Sing for advice on limb-darkening coefficients. We also thank the anonymous referee for insightful comments on the original version of this paper. NR 44 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 1 AR 24 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/24 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 703PT UT WOS:000285992000024 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I Young, PR Stenborg, G AF Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Young, Peter R. Stenborg, Guillermo TI THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGION OUTFLOWS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NONTHERMAL VELOCITIES; TRANSITION REGION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; HINODE-EIS; LOOPS; CORONA; FLOWS AB Spectroscopic observations with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode have revealed large areas of high-speed outflows at the periphery of many solar active regions. These outflows are of interest because they may connect to the heliosphere and contribute to the solar wind. In this paper, we use slit rasters from EIS in combination with narrowband slot imaging to study the temperature dependence and morphology of an outflow region and show that it is more complicated than previously thought. Outflows are observed primarily in emission lines from Fe XI to Fe XV. Observations at lower temperatures (Si VII), in contrast, show bright fan-like structures that are dominated by inflows. These data also indicate that the morphology of the outflows and the fans is different, outflows are observed in regions where there is no emission in Si VII. This suggests that the fans, which are often associated with outflows in studies involving imaging data, are not directly related to the active region outflows. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Young, Peter R.; Stenborg, Guillermo] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Young, Peter R.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Stenborg, Guillermo] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 1 AR 58 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/58 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 703PT UT WOS:000285992000058 ER PT J AU Brooks, DH Warren, HP AF Brooks, David H. Warren, Harry P. TI ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION BETWEEN ACTIVE REGION OUTFLOWS AND THE SOLAR WIND: ABUNDANCE MEASUREMENTS WITH EIS/HINODE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: abundances; Sun: corona ID EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EMISSION-LINES; NONTHERMAL VELOCITIES; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; TRANSITION REGION; ATOMIC DATABASE; CORONAL HOLE; HINODE-EIS; ATMOSPHERE AB One of the most interesting discoveries from Hinode is the presence of persistent high-temperature high-speed outflows from the edges of active regions (ARs). EUV imaging spectrometer (EIS) measurements indicate that the outflows reach velocities of 50 km s (1) with spectral line asymmetries approaching 200 km s (1). It has been suggested that these outflows may lie on open field lines that connect to the heliosphere, and that they could potentially be a significant source of the slow speed solar wind. A direct link has been difficult to establish, however. We use EIS measurements of spectral line intensities that are sensitive to changes in the relative abundance of Si and S as a result of the first ionization potential (FIP) effect, to measure the chemical composition in the outflow regions of AR 10978 over a 5 day period in 2007 December. We find that Si is always enhanced over S by a factor of 3-4. This is generally consistent with the enhancement factor of low FIP elements measured in situ in the slow solar wind by non-spectroscopic methods. Plasma with a slow wind-like composition was therefore flowing from the edge of the AR for at least 5 days. Furthermore, on December 10 and 11, when the outflow from the western side was favorably oriented in the Earth direction, the Si/S ratio was found to match the value measured a few days later by the Advanced Composition Explorer/Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer. These results provide strong observational evidence for a direct connection between the solar wind, and the coronal plasma in the outflow regions. C1 [Brooks, David H.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brooks, DH (reprint author), ISAS JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM dhbrooks@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; NASA FX We thank Yuan Kuen-Ko for very helpful discussions. This work was performed under contract with the Naval Research Laboratory and was funded by the NASA Hinode program. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 1 AR L13 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/727/1/L13 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 703QG UT WOS:000285993800013 ER PT J AU Ransom, SM Ray, PS Camilo, F Roberts, MSE Celik, O Wolff, MT Cheung, CC Kerr, M Pennucci, T DeCesar, ME Cognard, I Lyne, AG Stappers, BW Freire, PCC Grove, JE Abdo, AA Desvignes, G Donato, D Ferrara, EC Gehrels, N Guillemot, L Gwon, C Harding, AK Johnston, S Keith, M Kramer, M Michelson, PF Parent, D Parkinson, PMS Romani, RW Smith, DA Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Weltevrede, P Wood, KS Ziegler, M AF Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Camilo, F. Roberts, M. S. E. Celik, Oe. Wolff, M. T. Cheung, C. C. Kerr, M. Pennucci, T. DeCesar, M. E. Cognard, I. Lyne, A. G. Stappers, B. W. Freire, P. C. C. Grove, J. E. Abdo, A. A. Desvignes, G. Donato, D. Ferrara, E. C. Gehrels, N. Guillemot, L. Gwon, C. Harding, A. K. Johnston, S. Keith, M. Kramer, M. Michelson, P. F. Parent, D. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Romani, R. W. Smith, D. A. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Weltevrede, P. Wood, K. S. Ziegler, M. TI THREE MILLISECOND PULSARS IN FERMI LAT UNASSOCIATED BRIGHT SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (J0614-3329, J1231-1411, J2214+3000) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; DATA-ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; RAY-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY; POPULATION; EMISSION; BINARY; DISCOVERY; RADIO AB We searched for radio pulsars in 25 of the non-variable, unassociated sources in the Fermi LAT Bright Source List with the Green Bank Telescope at 820 MHz. We report the discovery of three radio and gamma-ray millisecond pulsars (MSPs) from a high Galactic latitude subset of these sources. All of the pulsars are in binary systems, which would have made them virtually impossible to detect in blind gamma-ray pulsation searches. They seem to be relatively normal, nearby (<= 2 kpc) MSPs. These observations, in combination with the Fermi detection of gamma-ray from other known radio MSPs, imply that most, if not all, radio MSPs are efficient gamma-ray producers. The gamma-ray spectra of the pulsars are power law in nature with exponential cutoffs at a few GeV, as has been found with most other pulsars. The MSPs have all been detected as X-ray point sources. Their soft X-ray luminosities of similar to 10(30)-10(31) erg s(-1) are typical of the rare radio MSPs seen in X-rays. C1 [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Ray, P. S.; Wolff, M. T.; Grove, J. E.; Gwon, C.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Roberts, M. S. E.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Celik, Oe.; DeCesar, M. E.; Donato, D.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Donato, D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Kerr, M.; Michelson, P. F.; Romani, R. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kerr, M.; Michelson, P. F.; Romani, R. W.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Pennucci, T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [DeCesar, M. E.; Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeCesar, M. E.; Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS INSU, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.; Kramer, M.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Freire, P. C. C.; Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS IN2p3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Ransom, SM (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM sransom@nrao.edu; Paul.Ray@nrl.navy.mil RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Roberts, Mallory/0000-0002-9396-9720; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU NASA [NNG09EE57I] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Natalie Webb and Lynne Valencic. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work was partially supported by NASA Grant No. NNG09EE57I. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the US, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 727 IS 1 AR L16 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/727/1/L16 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 703QG UT WOS:000285993800016 ER PT J AU Stavis, C Clare, TL Butler, JE Radadia, AD Carr, R Zeng, HJ King, WP Carlisle, JA Aksimentiev, A Bashir, R Hamers, RJ AF Stavis, Courtney Clare, Tami Lasseter Butler, James E. Radadia, Adarsh D. Carr, Rogan Zeng, Hongjun King, William P. Carlisle, John A. Aksimentiev, Aleksei Bashir, Rashid Hamers, Robert J. TI Surface functionalization of thin-film diamond for highly stable and selective biological interfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biointerfaces; surface chemistry; cells ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NANOMETER-SCALE ROUGHNESS; ALIGNED CARBON NANOFIBERS; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; PHOTOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; ADSORBED PROTEIN; SILICON AB Carbon is an extremely versatile family of materials with a wide range of mechanical, optical, and mechanical properties, but many similarities in surface chemistry. As one of the most chemically stable materials known, carbon provides an outstanding platform for the development of highly tunable molecular and biomolecular interfaces. Photochemical grafting of alkenes has emerged as an attractive method for functionalizing surfaces of diamond, but many aspects of the surface chemistry and impact on biological recognition processes remain unexplored. Here we report investigations of the interaction of functionalized diamond surfaces with proteins and biological cells using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence methods. XPS data show that functionalization of diamond with short ethylene glycol oligomers reduces the nonspecific binding of fibrinogen below the detection limit of XPS, estimated as >97% reduction over H-terminated diamond. Measurements of different forms of diamond with different roughness are used to explore the influence of roughness on nonspecific binding onto H-terminated and ethylene glycol (EG)-terminated surfaces. Finally, we use XPS to characterize the chemical stability of Escherichia coli K12 antibodies on the surfaces of diamond and amine-functionalized glass. Our results show that antibody-modified diamond surfaces exhibit increased stability in XPS and that this is accompanied by retention of biological activity in cell-capture measurements. Our results demonstrate that surface chemistry on diamond and other carbon-based materials provides an excellent platform for biomolecular interfaces with high stability and high selectivity. C1 [Stavis, Courtney; Clare, Tami Lasseter; Hamers, Robert J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Radadia, Adarsh D.; Bashir, Rashid] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Radadia, Adarsh D.; King, William P.; Bashir, Rashid] Univ Illinois, Micro & Nano Technol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carr, Rogan; Aksimentiev, Aleksei] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zeng, Hongjun; Carlisle, John A.] Adv Diamond Technol Inc, Romeoville, IL 60446 USA. [King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bashir, Rashid] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Radadia, Adarsh/0000-0002-2791-0421; Aksimentiev, Aleksei/0000-0002-6042-8442; Clare, Tami/0000-0003-2154-6275; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0613010, CHE-0911543]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-09-C-0007]; Naval Research Laboratory/Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grants CHE-0613010 and CHE-0911543, by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Contract HDTRA1-09-C-0007, and by the Naval Research Laboratory/Office of Naval Research. NR 58 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 72 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 3 BP 983 EP 988 DI 10.1073/pnas.1006660107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 707TF UT WOS:000286310300021 PM 20884854 ER PT J AU Buchowicz, G Stone, PR Robinson, JT Cress, CD Beeman, JW Dubon, OD AF Buchowicz, Grant Stone, Peter R. Robinson, Jeremy T. Cress, Cory D. Beeman, Jeffrey W. Dubon, Oscar D. TI Correlation between structure and electrical transport in ion-irradiated graphene grown on Cu foils SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON; DEFECTS; FILMS AB Graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition and supported on SiO2 and sapphire substrates was studied following the controlled introduction of defects induced by 35 keV carbon ion irradiation. Changes in Raman spectra for fluences ranging from 10(12) to 10(15) cm(-2) indicate that the structure of graphene evolves from a highly ordered layer, to a patchwork of disordered domains, to an essentially amorphous film. These structural changes result in a dramatic decrease in the Hall mobility by orders of magnitude while, remarkably, the Hall concentration remains almost unchanged, suggesting that the Fermi level is pinned at a hole concentration near 1 x 10(13) cm(-2). A model for scattering by resonant scatterers is in good agreement with mobility measurements up to an ion fluence of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3536529] C1 [Buchowicz, Grant; Stone, Peter R.; Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Buchowicz, Grant; Stone, Peter R.; Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.; Cress, Cory D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buchowicz, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy [De-Ac02-05Ch11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0349257]; Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency under MIPR [10-2197M]; NRL's Nanoscience Institute FX The work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (ion irradiation and electrical characterization of graphene on SiO2) was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. De-Ac02-05Ch11231. O.D.D. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Contract No. DMR-0349257 for electrical measurements of graphene on sapphire. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, NRL's Nanoscience Institute, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under MIPR Grant No. 10-2197M. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 3 AR 032102 DI 10.1063/1.3536529 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 709WC UT WOS:000286471100020 ER PT J AU He, L Tao, GH Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF He, Ling Tao, Guo-Hong Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Liquid Dinitromethanide Salts SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC IONIC LIQUIDS; NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; THEORETICAL-MODELS; TRANSITION; CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS; SYSTEMS; ACID AB The dinitromethanide (DNM) anion is a useful component of room temperature ionic liquids. Eight DNM ionic liquids with substituted imidazolium cations including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (1), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium (2), 1-allyl-3-butylimidazolium (3), 1,3-diallylimidazolium (4), 1-(2'-methoxyl)ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (5), 1-(ethoxyl-methyl)-3-methylimidazolium (6), 1-(hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium (7), and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium (8) were obtained. DNM ionic liquids 1-8 were synthesized by metathesis reactions from the corresponding imidazolium halides with potassium dinitromethanide or silver dinitromethanide. These DNM ionic liquids have been fully characterized by IR NMR, elemental analysis, thermal stability, phase behavior, and viscosity. The molecular structure of 8 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 8 crystallizes in, the triclinic space group P (1) over bar, with a density of 1.453 g cm(-3) (a = 7.1402(19) angstrom, b = 9.376(3) angstrom, c = 13.793(4) angstrom, alpha = 103.759(4)degrees, beta = 90.757(4)degrees, gamma = 96.874(4)degrees, V = 889.6(4) angstrom(3), and Z = 4). Delocalization of both the DNM anion and dimethylimidazolium cation was found from the single-crystal structure data of 8. The heats of formation of 1-8 along with their detonation properties were investigated and analyzed. Their sensitivities toward impact were determined by BAM standards and found to be impact-insensitive (>40 J). The DNM-containing ionic liquids 1-7 are liquids at room temperature with desirable low viscosities. The temperature dependence of the viscosities for 1-7 was studied. These DNM ionic liquids were found to be a significant feature of glass-forming liquids. They also exhibit good liquid characteristics with desirable long liquidus ranges of more than 200 degrees C. C1 [Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [He, Ling; Tao, Guo-Hong] Sichuan Univ, Coll Chem, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU DTRA [HDTRA1-07-1-0024]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0097] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DTRA (Grant HDTRA1-07-1-0024) and ONR (Grant N00014-10-1-0097). NR 52 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 2 BP 679 EP 685 DI 10.1021/ic101959r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 703EJ UT WOS:000285956600037 PM 21142114 ER PT J AU Coslovich, D Roland, CM AF Coslovich, D. Roland, C. M. TI Heterogeneous slow dynamics and the interaction potential of glass-forming liquids SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Density scaling; Fragility; Dynamic heterogeneity; Pressure-energy correlations; Lennard-Jones potential; Mixtures; Network glass ID PRESSURE AB The role of the intermolecular interaction potential on the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of model glass-forming mixtures is investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. Variations of the repulsive exponent m in the well-studied Lennard-Jones Kob-Andersen mixture are shown to have a negligible effect on the fragility and dynamic correlation volumes when quenches are performed at constant pressure. The number of dynamically correlated particles, estimated from the temperature derivative of a two-point dynamic correlation function, is approximately invariant to m at any fixed relaxation time. Further, the density scaling property of a model tetrahedral network glass-former, based on inverse power law and Lennard-Jones potentials, is investigated. The optimal scaling exponent gamma is close to zero and does not superpose the data well. The breakdown of density scaling is consistent with the absence of correlation between fluctuations of the virial and the potential energy. These results emphasize the crucial role of structural many-body correlations in glass-forming systems and show the need of investigations of more complex and realistic model liquids. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coslovich, D.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coslovich, D (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. EM coslovich@cmt.tuwien.ac.at; roland@nrl.navy.mil FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P19890-N16]; Office of Naval Research FX D.C. acknowledges financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (Project number: P19890-N16). The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 2 SI SI BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.07.050 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725JK UT WOS:000287640800027 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, J. Ngai, K. L. TI Multifractal nature of heterogeneous dynamics and structures in glass forming ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Ionic liquids; Molecular dynamics simulations; Dynamic heterogeneity; Levy distribution; Multifractality ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METASILICATE GLASS; TRANSITION; SIMULATIONS; FLUIDS AB Complex dynamics and structures of ionic liquids exemplified in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate (EMIM-NO(3)) are examined by molecular dynamics simulations. Correlation length of the radial charge distribution function and density distribution function show different temperature dependence. Density profiles are obtained from the accumulated positions visited by ions during the MD runs. The profile originating from the coexistence of layered structures of density (density wave) and those of charges (charge density wave), shows complicated heterogeneity, which is proven to be multifractal in nature. Thus, present is more than one characteristic length scale together with their mixing. The multifractal density profiles are formed by the multifractal walks with fast and slow ions. Generally, the coexistence of different length scales due to the different species or the different local structures can be the mechanism to form similar multifractal dynamics and structures. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Habasaki, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engn Mat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engn Mat, 4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM habasaki@echem.titech.ac.jp RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 FU Office of Naval Research FX The work performed at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 2 SI SI BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.06.047 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725JK UT WOS:000287640800036 ER PT J AU Pereira, PS Calliari, LJ Holman, R Holland, KT Guedes, RMC Amorin, CK Cavalcanti, PG AF Pereira, P. S. Calliari, L. J. Holman, R. Holland, K. T. Guedes, R. M. C. Amorin, C. K. Cavalcanti, P. G. TI Video and field observations of wave attenuation in a muddy surf zone SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wave attenuation; mud transgressed beach; remote sensing; double layer formation ID PATOS LAGOON; CASSINO BEACH; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; COAST; DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTS; SURINAM; SYSTEM; BRAZIL; MODEL AB Besides the different scales within which coastal processes manifest their energy, the majority of the world's coastal regions exhibit forms of sediment heterogeneity that are physically significant. One example of a heterogeneous environment is Cassino beach, located at the southernmost part of Brazil, a fine-grain-sized sandy beach where fluid mud sporadically is transported to the nearshore and eventually onto the beach. At this site in 2005, as part of a field experiment, a video system was installed. Three years after the installation, a large mud transgression event took place in February 2008 and had 5 km of extension. In this context, the goal of the present work is to characterize the mud deposition pattern across the surf zone, describing the consequences of mud on nearshore dynamics using remote sensing techniques, beach profiles and suspended matter concentration. The surveyed beach profiles registered the deposition of fluid mud at the inner surf zone with concentrations up to 12 mg/l. The material was deposited close to the shoreline and had a cross-shore width of 100 m during the first deposition day occupying the entire water column. From surf zone time series of pixel intensity, it was possible to detect the attenuation of the surface wave spectra due to the presence of fluid mud. The combination of video techniques and field data allowed one to follow the formation of a double-layer system, where fluid mud overlays the sandy bottom. The video-based system at Cassino demonstrated that remote detection of fluid mud and quantification of its effect on the nearshore dynamics is feasible. The combination of beach profiles, measurements of suspended matter concentration and intensity timestacks allowed the analysis of the short-term evolution of the mud depositional processes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pereira, P. S.; Calliari, L. J.; Amorin, C. K.] Fed Univ Rio Grande, Inst Oceanog, Lab Geol Oceanog, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Holman, R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Holland, K. T.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Guedes, R. M. C.] Univ Waikato, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Cavalcanti, P. G.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Informat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Pereira, PS (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Oceanog, Lab Geol Oceanog, Av Arquitetura S-N, BR-50740550 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM praia@log.furg.br RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; Pereira, Pedro/A-6656-2013; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Guedes, Rafael/0000-0002-1726-1739 FU CAPES; Office of Naval Research [N00173-05-1-G26, N00173-04-1-G901, N00014-04-1-0274, N00014-06-1-0977] FX Special thanks to Timothy Kooney, John Stanley and Steven Spansel, who helped the Argus station Cassy to become alive and see a mud deposition event. We would like also to thank Neusa Pacheco and Gloria Canteiro for their help with the suspended matter analysis, as well as Susana Vinzon for her collaboration over all the phases of the present work. The first author would like to express his gratitude to CAPES for the scholarship and for the Rio Grande Pilot's Station for making wind data available through a collaborative effort with the LocFis/FURG. This work was made possible through grants by the Office of Naval Research (N00173-05-1-G26, N00173-04-1-G901, N00014-04-1-0274 and N00014-06-1-0977) administered through the ONR International Field Office. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 279 IS 1-4 BP 210 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.11.004 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 717OR UT WOS:000287057800017 ER PT J AU Prokopuk, N Chafin, A Gilardi, R Deschamps, JR AF Prokopuk, Nicholas Chafin, Andrew Gilardi, Richard Deschamps, Jeffrey R. TI Unsymmetric diruthenium complexes SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Charge transfer; Electronic coupling; Ruthenium; Cyclic voltammetry; DFT calculations ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR QUADRATIC HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; DIPOLAR RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; CHARGE-TRANSFER TRANSITIONS; SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES; AMMINE ELECTRON-DONOR; TRANS-TETRAAMMINERUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; ELECTROABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AB The new diruthenium complexes trans-[(NH3)(5)Ru(L-L)Ru(NH3)(4)(bpy-Me)](PF6)(5) (L-L are the bridging ligands pyrazine, 2a; 4,4'dipyridyl, 2b; and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethylene, 2c; bpy-Me is N-methylpyridyl-pyridinium) are generated from the new complexes (L-L)Ru(NH3)(4)(bpy-Me)](PF6)(3) (1a-c) and [(NH3)(5)Ru(H2O)](PF6)(2). Cyclic voltammetry on the new compounds in acetonitrile electrolyte reveals two quasi-reversible oxidation steps corresponding to the two Ru-II/III couples in 2b and 2c and a single oxidations for 1a-c. In addition, two reduction waves are observed for the bpy-Me ligands of 1a-c and 2a-c. All of the new compounds exhibit multiple metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands in the visible region of the spectrum. For compounds 1a-c the most intense absorption in the visible region decreases in energy as the length of the aromatic bridging ligands increases. By contrast the strongest absorption band of 2a is lower in energy than the most intense bands of both 2b and 2c. Single crystal X-ray analysis of 2a reveals that the bridging pyridine is coplanar with the pyridyl ring of the bpy-Me ligand that is attached to the Ru center. DFT calculations on 2a indicate that the HOMO is localized predominately on the {(NH3)(5)Ru-pyz-Ru(NH3)(4)} portion of the complex and the LUMO has slightly more contribution from the bpy-Me ligand. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prokopuk, Nicholas; Chafin, Andrew] Navair, Res Dept, China Lake, CA USA. [Gilardi, Richard; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokopuk, N (reprint author), Navair, Res Dept, China Lake, CA USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was funded by the Navair In House Laboratory Independent Research Program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 365 IS 1 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2010.09.059 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 698WF UT WOS:000285624200064 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Hoffman, MM Bhattacharjee, AK Milhous, WK Gerena, L AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Hoffman, Marshall M. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Milhous, Wilbur K. Gerena, Lucia TI In vitro efficacy of 7-benzylamino-1-isoquinolinamines against Plasmodium falciparum related to the efficacy of chalcones SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; Malaria; In vitro efficacy; Quinolinamine; Chalcone ID ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; MALARIA; DERIVATIVES; LICOCHALCONE; ANTAGONISTS; AGENTS; DRUGS; MODEL; VIVO AB A series of 1,7-diaminoisoquinolinamines, that are expected to mediate antimalarial activity by the same mechanism employed by the chalcones, were produced. Six 7-benzylamino-1-isoquinolinamines were found to be submicromolar inhibitors in vitro of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, with the best possessing activity comparable to chloroquine. Despite being developed from a lead that is a DHFR inhibitor, these compounds do not mediate their antimalarial effects by inhibition of DHFR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gutteridge, Clare E.; Hoffman, Marshall M.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bhattacharjee, Apurba K.; Milhous, Wilbur K.; Gerena, Lucia] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gutteridge, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gutterid@usna.edu FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Office of Naval Research; United States Naval Academy; Naval Academy Research Council FX We are grateful for support of this work by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; the Office of Naval Research; and the United States Naval Academy, including from the Naval Academy Research Council. Research was conducted in compliance with the U.S. Animal Welfare Act and other federal statutes and regulations relating to animals and experiments involving animals and adheres to principles stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, NRC Publication, 1996 edition. Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official, or reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 786 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.099 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 703RC UT WOS:000285998000037 PM 21168330 ER PT J AU Ruocco, G Ngai, KL AF Ruocco, Giancarlo Ngai, K. L. TI 6th International discussion meeting on relaxations in complex systems New results, directions and opportunities August 30th-September 5th 2009, Rome, Italy Preface SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ruocco, Giancarlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. [Ngai, K. L.] NRL, Washington, DC USA. [Ngai, K. L.] Univ Pisa, Polylab, Pisa, Italy. RP Ruocco, G (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. RI Ruocco, Giancarlo/A-6245-2010 OI Ruocco, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2762-9533 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 2 SI SI BP 241 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.08.022 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725JK UT WOS:000287640800001 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. TI Aging of a low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Dielectric relaxation; Glass transition; Poly(methylmethacrylate) ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; GLASS-TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; ALPHA; TEMPERATURE AB Dielectric relaxation of a low molecular weight PMMA was measured in both the equilibrium and glassy states. The intense beta process, due to motion of the pendant ester moiety, exhibits a change in T-dependence of both its relaxation time and dielectric strength at T(g), reflecting the coupling of this high frequency process to the backbone conformational changes underlying the a dynamics. Consequently, we can exploit the change in the properties of the beta process during physical aging to quantify the alpha relaxation time and its T-dependence for glassy PMMA. The obtained values, T(alpha)>10(4), are too long for direct measurement. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge support of the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 2 SI SI BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.07.048 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725JK UT WOS:000287640800009 ER PT J AU Bendier, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendier, J. T. Fontanella, J. J. Shlesinger, M. F. Wintersgill, M. C. TI The defect diffusion model, scaling, E*(V)/H* and monomer volume and correlation lengths for glass-formers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Dielectric relaxation; High pressure; Scaling; Correlation length ID FORMING LIQUIDS; DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITIES; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; TRANSITION DYNAMICS; D-SORBITOL; RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; FRAGILITY; VISCOSITY AB Four topics are treated within the framework of the defect diffusion model (DDM). First, it is shown how the relationship between E*(V)/H*. (ratio of the apparent isochoric activation energy to the isobaric activation enthalpy) and monomer volume for polymers that has been pointed out by Floudas and co-workers [G. Floudas, K. Mpoukouvalas and P. Papadopoulos, J. Chem. Phys. 124 (2006) 074905] is predicted. Next, it is shown that in the DDM, scaling arises because the critical temperature can be represented approximately by a power law. Consequently, in the DDM scaling is always approximate and significant departures from scaling, as is observed in the case of hydrogen bonded materials for example, are matters of degree. It is also shown how the connection of scaling with E*(V)/H*. is a natural consequence of the DDM. Finally, DDM calculations of the defect correlation length are carried out and compared with experimental dynamical correlation lengths measured using the 4D3CP solid state NMR method. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fontanella, J. J.; Shlesinger, M. F.; Wintersgill, M. C.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bendier, J. T.] BSC Inc, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Shlesinger, M. F.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jbendler@usna.edu; jjf@usna.edu; shlesing@usna.edu; mwinter@usna.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Department of Defense-Army Research Office [DAAD19-01-1-0482] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. JTB gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Department of Defense-Army Research Office (grant no. DAAD19-01-1-0482). MFS would like to thank the Kinnear Chair of Physics for support. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 2 SI SI BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.07.031 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725JK UT WOS:000287640800029 ER PT J AU Capaccioli, S Ngai, KL Ancherbak, S Rolla, PA Shinyashiki, N AF Capaccioli, S. Ngai, K. L. Ancherbak, S. Rolla, P. A. Shinyashiki, N. TI The role of primitive relaxation in the dynamics of aqueous mixtures, nano-confined water and hydrated proteins SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Relaxation; Water; Aqueous mixtures; Glass transition; Hydrated proteins ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS LIQUID TRANSITION; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION AB The relaxation scenario in aqueous systems, such as mixtures of water with hydrophilic solutes, nano-confined water and hydrated biomolecules, has been shown to exhibit general features, in spite of the huge differences in structure, chemical composition and complexity. Dynamics, in all these systems, invariably shows at least two relaxations: (i) a slower process, related to cooperative and structural motions of water and solute molecules (in the case of mixtures) or related to interfacial processes in the case of confined water and (ii) a faster process, with non-cooperative character originating from water. The latter has properties including timescale and temperature dependence similar or related in all the aqueous systems. This water-specific relaxation can be identified as the primitive relaxation, or the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation. The primitive process is the precursor of the many-body relaxation process which increases in length-scale with time until the terminal a-relaxation is reached. Using new experimental data (at atmospheric and high pressure) along with a revision of most of the recent literature on the dynamics of confined water and aqueous mixtures, we show that the two abovementioned relaxation processes are inter-related as evidenced by correlations in their properties. For instance, both relaxation time and dielectric strength of the water-specific relaxation exhibit a crossover from a stronger to a weaker dependence with decreasing T, at the temperature where the slow process attains a very long timescale (>1 ks) and becomes structurally arrested, exactly analogous to that found for beta-relaxation in van der Waals liquids. Moreover, the primitive relaxation of water is shown to play a pivotal role in determining the dynamics of hydrated biomolecules in general, including the "dynamic transition" observed by neutron scattering and Mossbauer spectroscopy. We show that the primitive relaxation of the solvent is responsible for the dynamic transition, even in the case that the solvent is not pure water or an aqueous mixture. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Capaccioli, S.; Ancherbak, S.; Rolla, P. A.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Capaccioli, S.; Ancherbak, S.; Rolla, P. A.] CNR IPCF, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shinyashiki, N.] Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. RP Capaccioli, S (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM capacci@df.unipi.it RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012; OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918; Shinyashiki, Naoki/0000-0003-0486-2911 FU NRL by the Office of Naval Research; Galilei Ph.D. School FX The work was supported at NRL by the Office of Naval Research. S.A. acknowledges the support of Galilei Ph.D. School. NR 121 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 2 SI SI BP 641 EP 654 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.07.054 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725JK UT WOS:000287640800071 ER PT J AU Urban, S Roland, CM AF Urban, Stanislaw Roland, C. Michael TI Low frequency relaxation in liquid crystals in relation to structural relaxation in glass-formers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Liquid crystals; Glass-formers; Molecular dynamic; High pressure ID ISOTHIOCYANATO-BIPHENYL 8BT; THERMAL-ANALYSIS DTA; HIGH-PRESSURE; ORIENTATIONAL ORDER; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ELEVATED PRESSURES; PVT MEASUREMENTS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SMECTIC-A AB Liquid crystals (LC) are the state of matter intermediate between isotropic liquids and the crystalline state. LC-forming molecules have strongly anisotropic shapes (rod-like in most cases). This leads to an interaction potential that consists of distance-dependent and orientation-dependent parts. Rotational dynamics of LC molecules falls into two frequency regions. Rotations about the short axes are strongly hindered by the potential barrier and thus coupled to fluctuations of the molecular centers of mass. This in turn causes these longitudinal or "flip-flop" motions, characterized by a relatively large relaxation time T-parallel to, to exhibit considerable temperature, pressure and volume dependences. Experimental relaxation times determined to date for various LC phases (nematic, smectic A. C, and E) for different thermodynamic conditions (isobaric, isothermal and isochoric) are discussed herein, adopting the formulae applied for characterization of the structural relaxation times of glass-formers (GF). This analysis appears fruitful: in particular. the strength parameter characterizing the steepness of the interaction potential can be determined from the relaxation times, and T-parallel to is independent of temperature and pressure along the nematic-isotropic transition line, similar to the behavior of the structural relaxation time along certain transitions in GFs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Urban, Stanislaw] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Roland, C. Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urban, S (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. EM ufurban@cyf-kr.edu.pl; roland@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 2 SI SI BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.05.093 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725JK UT WOS:000287640800087 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Ma, BB Yang, YJ AF Reeder, D. Benjamin Ma, Barry B. Yang, Yiing Jang TI Very large subaqueous sand dunes on the upper continental slope in the South China Sea generated by episodic, shoaling deep-water internal solitary waves SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment waves; sand dunes; bedforms; internal solitary waves; South China Sea ID SEDIMENT WAVES; GLOBAL INSTABILITY; NEPHELOID LAYERS; LARGE-SCALE; RUN-UP; TRANSPORT; SHELF; SOLITONS; BOTTOM; RESUSPENSION AB Very large subaqueous sand dunes were discovered on the upper continental slope of the northern South China Sea. The dunes were observed along a single 40 km long transect southeast of 21.93 degrees N, 117.53 degrees E on the upper continental slope in water depths of 160 m to 600 m. The sand dunes are composed of fine to medium sand, with amplitudes exceeding 16 m and crest-to-crest wavelengths exceeding 350 m. The dunes' apparent formation mechanism is the world's largest observed internal solitary waves which generate from tidal forcing on the Luzon Ridge on the east side of the South China Sea, propagate west across the deep basin with amplitudes regularly exceeding 100 m, and dissipate extremely large amounts of energy via turbulent interaction with the continental slope, suspending and redistributing the bottom sediment. While subaqueous dunes are found in many locations throughout the world's oceans and coastal zones, these particular dunes appear to be unique for two principal reasons: their location on the upper continental slope (away from the influence of shallow-water tidal forcing, deep basin bottom currents and topographically-amplified canyon flows), and their distinctive formation mechanism (approximately 60 episodic, extremely energetic, large amplitude events each lunar cycle). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reeder, D. Benjamin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ma, Barry B.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Yang, Yiing Jang] Naval Acad, Dept Marine Sci, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dbreeder@nps.edu; barry@apl.washington.edu; yjyang@cna.edu.tw OI Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311 FU National Science Council of Taiwan; Office of Naval Research FX The skill and enthusiasm of the officers and crew of the R/V Ocean Researcher I are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr. J. Y. Lou for analyzing the sediment samples, and the reviewers for their very thoughtful and helpful comments. Funding was provided by the National Science Council of Taiwan and the Office of Naval Research. NR 71 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 279 IS 1-4 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.009 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 717OR UT WOS:000287057800002 ER PT J AU Kopp, G Lean, JL AF Kopp, Greg Lean, Judith L. TI A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONITOR TIM; VARIABILITY; TREND AB The most accurate value of total solar irradiance during the 2008 solar minimum period is 1360.8 +/- 0.5 W m(-2) according to measurements from the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and a series of new radiometric laboratory tests. This value is significantly lower than the canonical value of 1365.4 +/- 1.3 W m(-2) established in the 1990s, which energy balance calculations and climate models currently use. Scattered light is a primary cause of the higher irradiance values measured by the earlier generation of solar radiometers in which the precision aperture defining the measured solar beam is located behind a larger, view-limiting aperture. In the TIM, the opposite order of these apertures precludes this spurious signal by limiting the light entering the instrument. We assess the accuracy and stability of irradiance measurements made since 1978 and the implications of instrument uncertainties and instabilities for climate research in comparison with the new TIM data. TIM's lower solar irradiance value is not a change in the Sun's output, whose variations it detects with stability comparable or superior to prior measurements; instead, its significance is in advancing the capability of monitoring solar irradiance variations on climate-relevant time scales and in improving estimates of Earth energy balance, which the Sun initiates. Citation: Kopp, G., and J. L. Lean (2011), A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01706, doi:10.1029/2010GL045777. C1 [Kopp, Greg] Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lean, Judith L.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kopp, G (reprint author), Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM greg.kopp@lasp.colorado.edu OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU NASA Earth Sciences FX NASA Earth Sciences supported this work under the SORCE and Glory programs. Discussions with the SORCE and Glory TIM teams and with David Rind are gratefully acknowledged, as are thoughtful comments from Peter Pilewskie's, Wolfgang Finsterle's, and an unidentified reviewer's careful reading of the paper. NR 24 TC 247 Z9 255 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L01706 DI 10.1029/2010GL045777 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 707XG UT WOS:000286323900002 ER PT J AU Rozycki, B Kim, YC Hummer, G AF Rozycki, Bartosz Kim, Young C. Hummer, Gerhard TI SAXS Ensemble Refinement of ESCRT-III CHMP3 Conformational Transitions SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL BASIS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; PROTEIN; COMPLEXES; DOMAIN; AUTOINHIBITION; BINDING; NMR AB We developed and implemented an ensemble-refinement method to study dynamic biomolecular assemblies with intrinsically disordered segments. Data from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments and from coarse-grained molecular simulations were combined by using a maximum-entropy approach. The method was applied to CHMP3 of ESCRT-III, a protein with multiple helical domains separated by flexible linkers. Based on recent SAXS data by Lata et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 378, 818, 2008), we constructed ensembles of CHMP3 at low- and high-salt concentration to characterize its closed autoinhibited state and open active state. At low salt, helix alpha(5) is bound to the tip of helices alpha(1) and alpha(2), in excellent agreement with a recent crystal structure. Helix alpha(6) remains free in solution and does not appear to be part of the autoinhibitory complex. The simulation-based ensemble refinement is general and effectively increases the resolution of SAXS beyond shape information to atomically detailed structures. C1 [Rozycki, Bartosz; Hummer, Gerhard] NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kim, Young C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hummer, G (reprint author), NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bldg 2, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hummer@helix.nih.gov RI Rozycki, Bartosz/B-7005-2009; Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Rozycki, Bartosz/0000-0001-5938-7308; Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X FU NIH, NIDDK; European Community FX We thank Dr. James Hurley and Dr. Alexander Grishaev for many helpful discussions. This work used the Biowulf computing cluster at the NIH. The research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIDDK, and by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (to B.R.). NR 47 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 34 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.str.2010.10.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 708FP UT WOS:000286348000014 PM 21220121 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Ou, MJY AF Buchanan, James L. Gilbert, Robert P. Ou, Miao-jung Y. TI Wavelet decomposition of transmitted ultrasound wave through a 1-D muscle-bone system SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Ultrasound; Muscle-cortical-cancellous bone; Biot-Johnson-Koplik-Dashen model; Transfer functions; Travel-time exponentials decomposition ID CANCELLOUS BONE; FREQUENCY RANGE; ELASTIC WAVES; POROUS-MEDIA; PROPAGATION AB In the attempt for using ultrasound as a diagnostic device for osteoporosis, several authors have described the result of the in vitro experiment in which ultrasound is passed through a cancellous bone specimen placed in a water tank. However, in the in vivo setting, a patient's cancellous bone is surrounded by cortical and muscle layers. This paper considers in the one-dimensional case (1) what effect the cortical bone segments surrounding the cancellous segment would have on the received signal and (2) what the received signal would be when a source and receiver are placed on opposite sides of a structure consisting of a cancellous segment surrounded by cortical and muscle layers. Mathematically this is accomplished by representing the received signal as a sum of wavelets which go through different reflection-transmission histories at the muscle-cortical bone and cortical-cancellous bone interfaces. The muscle and cortical bone are modeled as elastic materials and the cancellous bone as a poroelastic material described by the Biot-Johnson-Koplik-Dashen model. The approach presented here permits the assessment of which possible paths of transmission and reflection through the cortical-cancellous or muscle-cortical-cancellous complex will result in significant contributions to the received waveform. This piece of information can be useful for solving the inverse problem of non-destructive assessment of material properties of bone. Our methodology can be generalized to three-dimensional parallelly layered structure by first applying Fourier transform in the directions perpendicular to the transverse direction. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ou, Miao-jung Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gilbert, Robert P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Buchanan, James L.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ou, MJY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mou@utk.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD JAN 11 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.030 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 722WP UT WOS:000287466300021 PM 21092969 ER PT J AU Frajtag, P El-Masry, NA Nepal, N Bedair, SM AF Frajtag, P. El-Masry, N. A. Nepal, N. Bedair, S. M. TI Embedded voids approach for low defect density in epitaxial GaN films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION DENSITY; LAYERS AB We have developed a technique for defect reduction in GaN epitaxial films grown on sapphire substrates. This technique relies on the generation of high densities of embedded microvoids (similar to 10(8)/cm(2)), a few microns long and less than a micron in diameter. These voids are located near the sapphire substrate, where high densities of dislocations are present. Network of embedded voids offer free surfaces that act as dislocation sinks or termination sites for the dislocations generated at the GaN/sapphire interface. Both transmission electron and atomic force microscopy results confirm the uniform reduction of the dislocation density by two orders of magnitude. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3540680] C1 [Nepal, N.; Bedair, S. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Frajtag, P.; El-Masry, N. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nepal, N.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bedair, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bedair@ncsu.edu FU Army Research Office FX The authors would like to thank K.C. Wong, C.B. Mooney and A.M. Hosalli for their technical assistances. This work is partially supported by the Army Research Office. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 2 AR 023115 DI 10.1063/1.3540680 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 709VZ UT WOS:000286470800064 ER PT J AU Deen, DA Storm, DF Bass, R Meyer, DJ Katzer, DS Binari, SC Lacis, JW Gougousi, T AF Deen, D. A. Storm, D. F. Bass, R. Meyer, D. J. Katzer, D. S. Binari, S. C. Lacis, J. W. Gougousi, T. TI Atomic layer deposited Ta2O5 gate insulation for enhancing breakdown voltage of AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; GROWTH AB AlN/GaN heterostructures with a 3.5 nm AlN cap have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy followed by a 6 nm thick atomic layer deposited Ta2O5 film. Transistors fabricated with 150 nm length gates showed drain current density of 1.37 A/mm, transconductance of 315 mS/mm, and sustained drain-source biases up to 96 V while in the off-state before destructive breakdown as a result of the Ta2O5 gate insulator. Terman's method has been modified for the multijunction capacitor and allowed the measurement of interface state density (similar to 10(13) cm(-2) eV(-1)). Small-signal frequency performance of 75 and 115 GHz was obtained for f(t) and f(max), respectively. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3531551] C1 [Deen, D. A.; Storm, D. F.; Bass, R.; Meyer, D. J.; Katzer, D. S.; Binari, S. C.] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lacis, J. W.; Gougousi, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Deen, DA (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.deen@nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Gougousi, Theodosia/C-8156-2014 FU Office of Naval Research; NSF [DMR 0846445] FX The authors acknowledge N. Green for his assistance with processing. D. A. Deen thanks J. G. Champlain and M. G. Ancona for technical discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The Ta2O5 ALD work at UMBC was supported in part by NSF (Grant No. DMR 0846445). NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 2 AR 023506 DI 10.1063/1.3531551 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 709VZ UT WOS:000286470800077 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Palma, F Digel, SW Drell, PS Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashi, K Hayashida, M Hughes, RE Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Martin, P Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Nishino, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ripken, J Sada, T Sadrozinski, HFW Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Vladimirov, AE Waite, AP Wang, P Wood, KS Yang, Z Ziegler, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashi, K. Hayashida, M. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Martin, P. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Nishino, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ripken, J. Sada, T. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Vladimirov, A. E. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ziegler, M. TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE COSMIC-RAY DENSITY GRADIENT BEYOND THE SOLAR CIRCLE FROM FERMI gamma-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE THIRD GALACTIC QUADRANT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; gamma rays: ISM; ISM: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MILKY-WAY; CO SURVEY; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; OUTER GALAXY; EMISSION; MONOCEROS; GAS AB We report an analysis of the interstellar gamma-ray emission in the third Galactic quadrant measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The window encompassing the Galactic plane from longitude 210 degrees to 250 degrees has kinematically well-defined segments of the Local and the Perseus arms, suitable to study the cosmic-ray (CR) densities across the outer Galaxy. We measure no large gradient with Galactocentric distance of the gamma-ray emissivities per interstellar H atom over the regions sampled in this study. The gradient depends, however, on the optical depth correction applied to derive the H I column densities. No significant variations are found in the interstellar spectra in the outer Galaxy, indicating similar shapes of the CR spectrum up to the Perseus arm for particles with GeV to tens of GeV energies. The emissivity as a function of Galactocentric radius does not show a large enhancement in the spiral arms with respect to the interarm region. The measured emissivity gradient is flatter than expectations based on a CR propagation model using the radial distribution of supernova remnants and uniform diffusion properties. In this context, observations require a larger halo size and/or a flatter CR source distribution than usually assumed. The molecular mass calibrating ratio, X-CO = N(H-2)/W-CO, is found to be (2.08 +/- 0.11) x 10(20) cm(-2)(K km s(-1))(-1) in the Local arm clouds and is not significantly sensitive to the choice of Hi spin temperature. No significant variations are found for clouds in the interarm region. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vladimirov, A. E.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vladimirov, A. E.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CEA Saclay,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Brandt, T. J.; Hughes, R. E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ferrara, E. C.; Harding, A. K.; McEnery, J. E.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Nishino, S.; Sada, T.; Uehara, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Martin, P.; Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM isabelle.grenier@cea.fr; mizuno@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; luigi.tibaldo@pd.infn.it RI Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015 OI Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program; NASA [NNX09AC15G] FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; This paper makes use of a development version of GALPROP provided by the GALPROP team to the LAT collaboration solely for interpretation of the LAT data. GALPROP development is supported by NASA Grant NNX09AC15G. NR 51 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 726 IS 2 AR 81 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/2/81 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698WB UT WOS:000285623600025 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SS Peckham, SJ Enis, JA Koebbe, C Smith, BD AF McLaughlin, Sandra S. Peckham, Steven J. Enis, John A. Koebbe, Christopher Smith, Benjamin D. TI Young Woman With Thymoma Metastatic to the Brain Controlled With Gross Total Resection and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, With a Subsequent Uncomplicated Pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALIGNANT THYMOMA; INVASIVE THYMOMA; THYMIC CARCINOMA C1 [McLaughlin, Sandra S.] USN, Hlth Clin Patuxent River, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Peckham, Steven J.; Enis, John A.; Koebbe, Christopher] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP McLaughlin, SS (reprint author), USN, Hlth Clin Patuxent River, Patuxent River, MD USA. OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP E30 EP E33 DI 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.0003 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 703GC UT WOS:000285965400004 PM 20940185 ER PT J AU Fok, MC Moore, TE Slinker, SP Fedder, JA Delcourt, DC Nose, M Chen, SH AF Fok, Mei-Ching Moore, Thomas E. Slinker, Steve P. Fedder, Joel A. Delcourt, Dominique C. Nose, Masahito Chen, Sheng-Hsien TI Modeling the superstorm in November 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL MHD SIMULATION; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; RING CURRENT IONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; IONOSPHERE; PARTICLES; ENERGY AB The superstorm on 20-21 November 2003 was the largest geomagnetic storm in solar cycle 23 as measured by Dst, which attained a minimum value of -422 nT. We have simulated this storm to understand how particles originating from the solar wind and ionosphere get access to the magnetosphere and how the subsequent transport and energization processes contribute to the buildup of the ring current. The global electromagnetic configuration and the solar wind H+ distribution are specified by the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) magnetohydrodynamics model. The outflow of H+ and O+ ions from the ionosphere are also considered. Their trajectories in the magnetosphere are followed by a test-particle code. The particle distributions at the inner plasma sheet established by the LFM model and test-particle calculations are then used as boundary conditions for a ring current model. Our simulations reproduce the rapid decrease of Dst during the storm main phase and the fast initial phase of recovery. Shielding in the inner magnetosphere is established at early main phase. This shielding field lasts several hours and then breaks down at late main phase. At the peak of the storm, strong penetration of ions earthward to L shell of 1.5 is revealed in the simulation. It is surprising that O+ is significant but not the dominant species in the ring current in our calculation for this major storm. It is very likely that substorm effects are not well represented in the models and O+ energization is underestimated. Ring current simulation with O+ energy density at the boundary set comparable to Geotail observations produces excellent agreement with the observed symH. As expected in superstorms, ring current O+ is the dominant species over H+ during the main to midrecovery phase of the storm. C1 [Fok, Mei-Ching; Moore, Thomas E.; Chen, Sheng-Hsien] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Delcourt, Dominique C.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, UMR 7648, Lab Phys Plasmas, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. [Fedder, Joel A.] Leading Edge Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Nose, Masahito] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Slinker, Steve P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fok, MC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673,Bldg 21,Rm 248, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mei-ching.h.fok@nasa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Nose, Masahito/B-1900-2015 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Nose, Masahito/0000-0002-2789-3588 FU NASA Heliophysics Division [936723.02.01.03.82, 955518.02.01.02.57]; NASA [R0608] FX We gratefully acknowledge use of the ACE solar wind data provided through OMNI and Geotail data from http://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/Geotail/. The Dst and symH data are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan. We would like to thank Natalia Buzulukova for valuable comments. We also thank Manuel Buenfil and Robert Wiegand for performing the test-particle and bulk parameter calculations. We acknowledge support from the NASA Heliophysics Division through the ROSES program under Work Breakdown Structures 936723.02.01.03.82 and 955518.02.01.02.57, and NASA's High Performance Computing Program under task R0608. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A00J17 DI 10.1029/2010JA015720 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 704NS UT WOS:000286060300001 ER PT J AU Garg, S Gao, HX Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Garg, Sonali Gao, Haixiang Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI FOX-7 (1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene): Trapped by Copper and Amines SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENERGETIC MOLECULES; IMPACT SENSITIVITY; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; REACTIVITY; DADNE; DERIVATIVES; SALTS AB Syntheses of the first Cu(NH3)(2)(FOX)(2) and various Cu(amine)(2)(FOX)(2) (methyl, propyl, and dimethyl amine) complexes were achieved by using metathetical reactions which add a new chapter to the metal chemistry of FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dintroethene). The crystal structures of Cu(NH3)(2)(FOX)(2) and Cu(C3H7NH2)(2)(FOX)(2) which show square planar geometry at copper aid in the understanding of the bonding modes in FOX-7 copper complexes which is supported by natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations. Water-free K-FOX was also structured. C1 [Garg, Sonali; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gao, Haixiang] China Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU DTRA [HDTRA1-07-1-0024]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0097] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the DTRA (HDTRA1-07-1-0024), and ONR (N00014-10-1-0097). NR 47 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 3 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1021/ic102136r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 697ZK UT WOS:000285559800043 PM 21138305 ER PT S AU Ferguson, J Sodhi, M AF Ferguson, James Sodhi, Manbir BE Hu, B Morasch, K Pickl, S Siegle, M TI Using Simulation for Setting Terms of Performance Based Contracts SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH PROCEEDINGS 2010 SE Operations Research Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference of the German-Operations-Research-Society (GOR) CY SEP 01-03, 2010 CL Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Neubiberg, GERMANY SP German Operat Res Soc (GOR), Italian Operat Res Soc (AIRO) HO Univ Bundeswehr Munchen AB This paper discusses the use of a simulation model for setting terms of performance based contracts. Metrics commonly used in measuring service and supply performance are examined for their utility in achieving the outcomes of interest for contracts, and the correlations amongst these metrics are determined using simulation models. These correlations are used to highlight the most significant measurable quantities, and the performance limits for these are specified so as to achieve desired outcomes for various system performance indicators. The impact of penalties and incentives are also evaluated using the simulations. Practical issues such as obsolescence, reliability, and cost are also discussed. The exploration of this concept in setting terms for a contract at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center is also illustrated. C1 [Ferguson, James] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 81 Torpedoes, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sodhi, Manbir] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech & Ind Syst Eng, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ferguson, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 81 Torpedoes, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM james.c.ferguson@navy.mil; sodhi@uri.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-5924 BN 978-3-642-20009-0; 978-3-642-20008-3 J9 OPERAT RES PROCEED PY 2011 BP 465 EP 470 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-20009-0_74 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BCT20 UT WOS:000311337700087 ER PT S AU Guth, PL AF Guth, Peter L. BA Smith, MJ Paron, P Griffiths, JS BF Smith, MJ Paron, P Griffiths, JS TI Military Applied Geomorphological Mapping: Normandy Case Study SO GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth Surface Processes LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-2025 BN 978-0-44-453536-8 J9 DEV EARTH S PY 2011 VL 15 BP 577 EP 588 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53446-0.00023-9 PG 12 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BCO87 UT WOS:000310920700023 ER PT S AU Swope, K Wielgus, R Schmitt, P Cadigan, J AF Swope, Kurtis Wielgus, Ryan Schmitt, Pamela Cadigan, John BE Isaac, RM Norton, DA TI CONTRACTS, BEHAVIOR, AND THE LAND-ASSEMBLY PROBLEM: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY SO EXPERIMENTS ON ENERGY, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY SE Research in Experimental Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Land assembly; land fragmentation; holdout problem; holdup problem ID HOLD-UP PROBLEM; ULTIMATUM GAME; INFORMATION; FAIRNESS; FRAGMENTATION; COMPETITION; EVOLUTION; OPTIONS AB Purpose - Land assembly can mitigate the negative environmental impacts of land fragmentation on urban areas, agriculture, and wildlife. However, the assembler faces several obstacles including transactions costs and the strategic bargaining behavior of landowners. The purpose of this chapter is to examine how the order of bargaining and the nature of contracts may impact the land assembler's problem. Methodology - We develop theoretical predictions of subjects' behavior and compare these to behavior in a laboratory land-assembly game with monetary incentives. Findings - Sellers bargain more aggressively when bargaining is sequential compared to simultaneous. Noncontingent contracts increase bargaining delay and the likelihood of failed agreements. Buyers and sellers act more aggressively when there are multiple bargaining periods, leading to significant bargaining delay. When a seller has an earnings advantage in the laboratory, it is the first seller to bargain in noncontingent contract treatments. In sequential bargaining treatments, most sellers preferred to be the first seller to bargain. Research limitations - Our laboratory experiments involved only two sellers, complete information, and costless delay. Land assembly in the field may involve many sellers, incomplete information, and costly delay. Practical implications - Some of our results contradict conventional wisdom and a common result from the land-assembly literature that it is advantageous to be the last seller to bargain, a so-called "holdout.'' Our results also imply that fully overcoming the holdout problem may require subsidies or compulsory acquisition. Originality - This chapter is one of the first to experimentally investigate the land-assembly problem, and the first to specifically examine the role of bargaining order and contract type. C1 [Swope, Kurtis; Wielgus, Ryan; Schmitt, Pamela] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cadigan, John] Gettysburg Coll, Gettysburg, PA USA. RP Swope, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0193-2306 BN 978-0-85724-747-6 J9 RES EXP ECON PY 2011 VL 14 BP 151 EP 180 DI 10.1108/S0193-2306(2011)0000014008 PG 30 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBK87 UT WOS:000307230500006 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Stahlbush, RE Mahadik, NA AF Caldwell, J. D. Stahlbush, R. E. Mahadik, N. A. BE Shenai, K Garg, R Ma, R Dudley, M Khan, A TI Mitigating Defects within Silicon Carbide Epitaxy SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and SiC Power Technologies held during the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol, Elect & Photon ID INDUCED STACKING-FAULTS; 4H-SIC PIN DIODES; I-N-DIODES; DISLOCATIONS; GROWTH; PROPAGATION; SUBSTRATE; BREAKDOWN; DEVICES; DRIFT AB Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in reducing the density of several extended and point defects within silicon carbide substrates and epitaxy. For instance, great success has been achieved in the elimination of micropipes and reductions in the lifetime killing point defect Z(1/2). However, a wide-array of extended defects persist, ranging from various types of stacking faults and threading dislocations. An overview of the current status of these efforts is outlined here. C1 [Caldwell, J. D.; Stahlbush, R. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-262-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 41 IS 8 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1149/1.3631503 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BCB39 UT WOS:000309600300024 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Yater, JE Shaw, JL Pate, BB Montgomery, EJ Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, K. L. Yater, J. E. Shaw, J. L. Pate, B. B. Montgomery, E. J. Feldman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. BE Klumper, A TI Time Dependent Emission From Coated Metals and Semiconductors SO 2011 24TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 18-22, 2011 CL Wuppertal, GERMANY SP Bergische Univ Wuppertal, IEEE - Electron Device Soc (EDS), Gesellschaft Freunde Bergischen Univ (GFBU), Comp Simulat Technol AG (CST), Bruker Adv Supercon GmbH (BRUKER), Keyence Deutschland GmbH (KEYENCE) AB Photoemission predictions are often based on a Three Step (absorption, transport, emission) model. The transport calculation therein generally assumes that scattering events are fatal to electron emission. Using Monte Carlo and material dependent scattering terms for metals and semiconductors, the "fatal approximation" is assessed. Photoemission data from cesiated tungsten dispenser photocathodes is reexamined with respect to the new models. The emitted current is segregated into two groups: electrons which do not scatter before emission and those that do. Each has a characteristic time response for which simple models are developed. A simple extension to semiconductors will be proposed in the presentation. C1 [Jensen, K. L.; Yater, J. E.; Shaw, J. L.; Pate, B. B.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Montgomery, E. J.; Feldman, D. W.; O'Shea, P. G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kljensen@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947 FU Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-00-035081-8 PY 2011 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCC50 UT WOS:000309723000046 ER PT J AU Shaw, JL Wood, FN Yater, JE Jensen, KL Pate, BB Hanna, JM Feygelson, TI Butler, JE AF Shaw, J. L. Wood, F. N. Yater, J. E. Jensen, K. L. Pate, B. B. Hanna, J. M. Feygelson, T. I. Butler, J. E. BE Klumper, A TI Images of Electron Transmission through Thin Diamond Films SO 2011 24TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 18-22, 2011 CL Wuppertal, GERMANY SP Bergische Univ Wuppertal, IEEE - Electron Device Soc (EDS), Gesellschaft Freunde Bergischen Univ (GFBU), Comp Simulat Technol AG (CST), Bruker Adv Supercon GmbH (BRUKER), Keyence Deutschland GmbH (KEYENCE) DE diamond; negative electron affinity; emission microscope; electron beam amplifier; surface transport AB Images of electron emission from an 8 micron thick diamond sheet, resulting from electron bombardment on a limited area of the back side, reveal emission from the entire negative electron affinity surface. This shows electrons move several hundred microns from the generation volume before being emitted, probably in states at the surface. C1 [Shaw, J. L.; Wood, F. N.; Yater, J. E.; Jensen, K. L.; Pate, B. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hanna, J. M.] Beam Wave Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Feygelson, T. I.; Butler, J. E.] SAIC, Mclean, VA USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jon.shaw@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Lab FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Lab. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-00-035081-8 PY 2011 BP 169 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCC50 UT WOS:000309723000085 ER PT S AU Mastro, MA Kim, HY Ahn, J Kim, J Hite, JK Eddy, CR AF Mastro, M. A. Kim, H. -Y. Ahn, J. Kim, J. Hite, J. K. Eddy, C. R., Jr. BE Overberg, ME LaRoche, J Mishra, K Johnson, W TI Space Charge Limited Current and Polarization in AlGaN/GaN Nanowires SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 53 (SOTAPOCS 53) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors 53 (SOTAPOCS) held during the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Elect & Photon, Luminescence & Display Mat AB An undoped AlGaN/GaN nanowire displayed a transition at approximately 2V from Ohmic conduction at low drain-source voltage to space charge limited conduction at high drain-source voltage. Growth of the nanowire from a metal seed manifests as a triangular cross-section with one Ga-polar (0001) facet and two semi-polar {-110-1} facets. Conduction was based on a polarization induced two-dimensional electron gas that formed at the (0001) AlGaN/GaN interface. A simulation showed that the surface and the opposing polarization field at the semi-polar AlGaN/GaN interface will distort and reduce the carrier concentration at the (0001) AlGaN/GaN interface. C1 [Mastro, M. A.; Hite, J. K.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-260-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 41 IS 6 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1149/1.3629951 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCB08 UT WOS:000309536900003 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Wheatley, NS AF Chu, P. C. Wheatley, N. S. BE Benassai, G Brebbia, CA Rodriguez, G TI Temporal and spatial variability of bottom sedimentation for survey periodicity SO COASTAL PROCESSES II SE WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Physical Coastal Processes, Management and Engineering CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Naples, ITALY SP Univ Las Palmas, Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Parthenope, WIT, Transact Ecol & Environm, ASCE UK Grp DE survey periodicity; sediment; bedforms; San Francisco Bay; suitability model AB Bedforms determine survey periodicity. Sediment grain size, tides, currents, and wind-generated waves are influential in bedform formation. To investigate if sediment properties change over time, localized grab samples for a three-year period in San Francisco Bay were analyzed. The analysis showed little variability in sediment characteristics at a given location. A weighted suitability model based on the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) model has been constructed. Three layers were developed including sediment grain size, interpolated from 174 grab samples, tidal and current data from over 50 current stations and ripple height inferred from wind generated wave height. A weighting for each layer was determined. Regions indicating the presence of bedforms were assigned a low survey periodicity; as bedforms reduced, survey periodicity was increased. C1 [Chu, P. C.; Wheatley, N. S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1743-3541 BN 978-1-84564-534-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR JI WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. PY 2011 VL 149 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.2495/CP110171 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BCA36 UT WOS:000309430200017 ER PT S AU Burke, AA Carreiro, LG AF Burke, A. A. Carreiro, L. G. BE ShaoHorn, Y Dudney, N Fuller, T TI Electrochemical Reduction of Sulfur Hexafluoride in Novel, Air-Independent Power Systems SO METAL/AIR, METAL/SULFUR, AND METAL/WATER BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metal/Air, Metal/Sulfur, and Metal/Water Batteries held during the 219th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery, Energy Technol AB The electrochemical reduction of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was investigated in cells using 1-n-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide electrolyte with additives to enhance SF6 solubility and anode activity. Magnesium was used as the counter electrode (anode) in these cells. In post run analyses, metal fluoride formations at the anode and sulfur deposits at the cathode were found. These findings are possible evidence of SF6 decomposition; however, degradation of the electrolyte may have also been the source of these reaction by-products. Output power over 1 mW was demonstrated in the cell. C1 [Burke, A. A.; Carreiro, L. G.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Burke, AA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-293-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 33 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1149/1.3655432 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BCA85 UT WOS:000309511600001 ER PT S AU Chervin, CN Long, JW Brandell, NL Rolison, DR AF Chervin, C. N. Long, J. W. Brandell, N. L. Rolison, D. R. BE ShaoHorn, Y Dudney, N Fuller, T TI Carbon Nanofoam-Based Cathodes for Li-O-2 Batteries: Correlation of Pore square Solid Architecture and Electrochemical Performance SO METAL/AIR, METAL/SULFUR, AND METAL/WATER BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metal/Air, Metal/Sulfur, and Metal/Water Batteries held during the 219th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery, Energy Technol ID AIR BATTERIES; LI-AIR; LITHIUM; ELECTRODES AB We investigated the effect of cathode pore-size distribution on the specific capacity of Li-O-2 cells using binder-free, catalyst-free carbon nanofoam architectures prepared by infiltrating carbon fiber papers with a resorcinol-formaldehyde sol. Four sets of carbon nanofoam papers were synthesized with pore-size distributions ranging from mesopores (5-50 nm) to small macropores (50-200 nm) by selecting the weight fraction of solids as either 50 or 40 wt% and setting the molar ratio of resorcinol to catalyst at either 1500 or 500. The specific capacity of Li-O-2 cells tracked the average pore size of the pore network in the carbon nanofoam of the air cathode, rather than the specific surface area of the nanoscale carbon network. The macroporous nanofoams yield cell capacities of 400-500 mAh g(-1), similar to 2x that of the mesoporous nanofoams (similar to 200 mA h g(-1)), even though the macroporous foams had lower specific surface areas (similar to 350-450 vs. similar to 500 m(2) g(-1)). For the four nanofoam architectures studied, the capacity is limited by pore occlusion arising from solid product electrogenerated near the O-2-facing boundary and not the respective total pore volumes. C1 [Chervin, C. N.; Long, J. W.; Brandell, N. L.; Rolison, D. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chervin, CN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-293-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 33 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1149/1.3655435 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BCA85 UT WOS:000309511600004 ER PT S AU Bernstein, ES Barrett, FJ AF Bernstein, Ethan S. Barrett, Frank J. BE Shani, AB Woodman, RW Pasmore, WA TI STRATEGIC CHANGE AND THE JAZZ MINDSET: EXPLORING PRACTICES THAT ENHANCE DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL IMPROVISATION SO RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT, VOL 19 SE Research in Organizational Change and Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INNOVATION; AMBIDEXTERITY; EVOLUTION; PRODUCT; ANTECEDENTS; PERFORMANCE; DELIBERATE; ADVANTAGE; FAILURE; STILL AB How can leaders adopt a mindset that maximizes learning, remains responsive to short-term emergent opportunities, and simultaneously strengthens longer-term dynamic capabilities of the organization? This chapter explores the organizational decisions and practices leaders can initiate to extend, strengthen, or transform "ordinary capabilities'' (Winter, 2003) into enhanced improvisational competence and dynamic capabilities. We call this leadership logic the "jazz mindset.'' We draw upon seven characteristics of jazz bands as outlined by Barrett (1998) to show that strategic leaders of business organizations can enhance dynamic capabilities by strengthening practices observed in improvising jazz bands. C1 [Bernstein, Ethan S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Business, Management Program, Boston, MA 02163 USA. [Barrett, Frank J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bernstein, ES (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Business, Management Program, Boston, MA 02163 USA. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0897-3016 BN 978-1-78052-022-3 J9 RES ORGAN CHAN DEV PY 2011 VL 19 BP 55 EP 90 DI 10.1108/S0897-3016(2011)0000019005 PG 36 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BZO78 UT WOS:000302271200003 ER PT J AU Brabec, C Lane, P Kafafi, ZH AF Brabec, Christoph Lane, Paul Kafafi, Zakya H. TI Guest Editorial: Special Section on Organic Photovoltaics SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brabec, Christoph] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Brabec, Christoph] ZAE Bavaria, Div 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Lane, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kafafi, Zakya H.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Brabec, C (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Martenstr 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RI Brabec, Christoph/N-1897-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PY 2011 VL 1 SI 2 AR 011199 DI 10.1117/1.3576111 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 014FZ UT WOS:000309361900025 ER PT J AU Lane, PA Chen, S So, F AF Lane, Paul A. Chen, Song So, Franky TI Electromodulated doping of the hole transport layer in a small molecule organic light-emitting diode SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE organic electroluminescence; organic light-emitting diode; electroabsorption; spectroscopy; doping ID ELECTRIC-FIELD DISTRIBUTION; ELECTROABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; BUFFER LAYER; POLYMER; INJECTION; PERFORMANCE; INSERTION; ALUMINUM; BARRIERS AB Electromodulation spectroscopy has been used to probe the effect of a polymer hole injection layer on electric fields and charge injection in vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diodes. The electromodulation spectrum consists of electroabsorption of the transport layers and excited state absorption of trapped cations in the hole transport layer. Field-dependent modulation of trapped charge at the interface between the injection and transport layers substantially modifies the electric field distribution within the device. In reverse bias, the electric field strength is suppressed within the hole transport layer and concentrated in the electron transport layer. In forward bias, field-dependent doping of the hole transport layer dominates the electromodulation spectrum. The field-dependent trap density is calculated to be of order 10(13) cm(-2), equivalent to mu C/cm(2) charge density. The built-in potential is estimated to be between 2.2 and 2.5 V, consistent with low carrier injection barriers. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3569109] C1 [Lane, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Song; So, Franky] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Athens, AL 35611 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil RI Chen, Song/G-5195-2011 OI Chen, Song/0000-0001-8225-7560 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PY 2011 VL 1 SI 1 AR 011020 DI 10.1117/1.3569109 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 014FW UT WOS:000309361600020 ER PT S AU McCarthy, DD AF McCarthy, Dennis D. BE Seago, JH Seaman, RL Allen, SL TI USING UTC TO DETERMINE THE EARTH'S ROTATION ANGLE SO DECOUPLING CIVIL TIMEKEEPING FROM EARTH ROTATION SE Science and Technology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium Exploring Implications of Redefining Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) CY OCT 05-07, 2011 CL Analyt Graph Inc, Exton, PA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Virtual Astronom Observ HO Analyt Graph Inc AB The Earth's rotation angle is a critical component of the suite of five Earth orientation parameters used to transform between terrestrial and celestial reference systems. This angle is defined mathematically using an adopted conventional relationship between UT1 and the mathematical quantity known as "Earth Rotation Angle" (ERA). For practical purposes, then, UT1 UTC provides a convenient means to obtain UT1, knowing UTC, and thus the ERA. Because the Earth's rotational speed is variable, it is not practical to model UT1 as a function of time with the accuracy needed for many applications. Consequently astronomical and geodetic institutions from around the world share observations of the Earth's rotation angle and these data are then used to provide users the latest observations of UT1 UTC as well as predicted estimates with accuracy that depends on the prediction interval. This process can provide users with daily updates of UT1 UTC with accuracy of the order of tens of microseconds and predictions with accuracy better than 1 millisecond up to ten days in advance. The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) was established in 1987 by the International Astronomical Union and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics to provide this information operationally. In addition to the services routinely providing UT1 with sub-millisecond accuracy, UTC is currently adjusted to keep [UT1-UTC] < 0.9 seconds, and this definition provides a means to access UT1 automatically with accuracy of the order of one second. Should UTC be defined without the restriction keeping [UT1-UTC] < 0.9 seconds, the low accuracy estimate of UT1 (+/- 1 second) would no longer be assured. However the existing national and international services can be expected to provide the current products as they do now via paper bulletin and electronic means. It is assumed that the accuracy of those products will always reflect the state of the art. In the future, high-speed transfer of high-quality observational astronomical, meteorological, oceanic and geophysical data promise to decrease the latency of the observations and provide UT1 UTC at sub-daily intervals with increasingly improving accuracy. In addition to the current means of distribution, increasing access to electronic communication services has the potential to provide near real-time, state of the art UT1-UTC to users when and wherever it is needed. If there were sufficient demand, we might even envision a UT1-UTC application being made available for future hand-held devices. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP McCarthy, DD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0278-4017 BN 978-0-87703-575-6 J9 SCI TECH PY 2011 VL 113 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBY78 UT WOS:000308895700008 ER PT B AU Jasparro, C Taylor, J AF Jasparro, Christopher Taylor, Jonathan BE Karan, PP Subbiah, SP TI Transnational Geopolitical Competition and Natural Disasters Lessons from the Indian Ocean Tsunami SO INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI: THE GLOBAL RESPONSE TO A NATURAL DISASTER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jasparro, Christopher] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Taylor, Jonathan] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Jasparro, C (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-2653-1 PY 2011 BP 283 EP 299 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BAR58 UT WOS:000305292600015 ER PT J AU Griffiths, JM King, DW AF Griffiths, Jose-Marie King, Donald W. BE Baker, D Evans, W TI The future of librarians in the workforce: a US perspective SO LIBRARIES AND SOCIETY: ROLE, RESPONSIBILITY AND FUTURE IN AN AGE OF CHANGE SE Chandos Information Professional Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffiths, Jose-Marie; King, Donald W.] Bryant Univ, Smithfield, RI 02917 USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] Natl Sci Board, Arlington, VA USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] Presidents Informat Technol Advisory Comm, Arlington, VA USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] US Natl Commiss Lib & Informat Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] US DOE, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] USN, Washington, DC USA. [Griffiths, Jose-Marie] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC USA. [King, Donald W.] Westat Corp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [King, Donald W.] Amer Stat Assoc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Griffiths, JM (reprint author), Bryant Univ, Smithfield, RI 02917 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHANDOS PUBL PI SAWSTON PA 80 HIGH ST, SAWSTON, CAMBRIDGE CB22 3HJ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84334-131-4 J9 CHANDOS INF PROF SER PY 2011 BP 279 EP 302 D2 10.1533/9781780632636 PG 24 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BYR59 UT WOS:000299894500021 ER PT S AU Christophersen, M Philips, BF AF Christophersen, Marc Philips, Bernard F. GP IEEE TI Alumina, Al2O3, Layers as Effective P-Stops for Silicon Radiation Detectors SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) AB Inter-strip shortening due to electron accumulation is a problem for any segmented p-type and double-sided n-type detectors. The standard approach for inter-strip or interpixel isolation is an implanted and annealed p-type layer, called p-stop. We show that alumina layer can be used as effective p-stops due to a negative surface charge at the silicon-alumina interface. We used ALD (atomic layer deposition) and e-beam evaporated alumina layers as inter-strip dielectrics for n-on-n strips. We fabricated a double sided strip detector (DSSD) on n-type silicon with alumina as a p-stop and tested the DSSD under gamma-ray irradiation. We compare ALD alumina layers with standard silicon oxide for isolating n-on-n strips. Equivalents to "p-stop" and "p-spray" were fabricated and evaluated with respect to their leakage currents. Finite element simulations support our experimental findings. C1 [Christophersen, Marc; Philips, Bernard F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.christophersen@nrl.navy.mil; phlips@nrl.navy.mil RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755600021 ER PT S AU Wulf, EA Hutcheson, AL Phlips, BF Mitchell, LJ Leas, BE AF Wulf, Eric A. Hutcheson, Anthony L. Phlips, Bernard F. Mitchell, Lee J. Leas, Byron E. GP IEEE TI Stand-Off Detection with an Active Interrogation Photon Beam SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) ID DELAYED GAMMA-RAYS; PHOTOFISSION AB Active interrogation measurements with a bremsstrahlung photon beam were taken using a hybrid coded imaging and spectroscopic identification system developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Measurements were taken using a bremsstrahlung photon beam produced by the Photonuclear Inspection and Threat Assessment System (PITAS) bremsstrahlung photon source at the Idaho Accelerator Center's (IAC) Pocatello Airport facility. The 3 to 7 MeV delayed gamma-ray signature for depleted uranium (DU) was observed and was not seen with a lead target. The delayed gamma-rays were localized to the position of the DU using the coded imager. C1 [Wulf, Eric A.; Hutcheson, Anthony L.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Mitchell, Lee J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wulf@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research's Maritime WMD Detection program FX SuperMISTI and this active interrogation demonstration are sponsored by the Office of Naval Research's Maritime WMD Detection program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Idaho Accelerator Center for their cooperation and use of the PITAS accelerator NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755600066 ER PT S AU Mitchell, LJ Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Hutcheson, AL Leas, BE AF Mitchell, Lee J. Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. Hutcheson, Anthony L. Leas, Byron E. GP IEEE TI Cross Country Background Measurements with High Purity Germanium SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) DE Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy; High Purity Germanium Detectors; Nuclear Detection; Homeland Security; Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) Background Studies AB Background measurements were made with twenty-eight high purity germanium detectors (HPGe) on the Mobil Imaging and Spectroscopic Threat Identification (MISTI) system across a portion of the Continental United States (CONUS). MISTI was developed by the Naval Research Laboratory(NRL) for the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) as part of the Stand off Radiation Detection Systems (SORDS) program. Measurements were made from Washington D. C. to Pocatello, Idaho, during the dates of Mar 25, 2011 to Mar 28, 2011. The effect of variable backgrounds on detection sensitivities will be discussed. An opportunity was also afforded to measure the radioactive materials released from Japan's Fukushima I Nuclear Plant across a significant portion of CONUS. A description of the instrument and results are discussed. C1 [Mitchell, Lee J.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.; Hutcheson, Anthony L.] NRL, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mitchell, LJ (reprint author), NRL, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research FX Manuscript received November 4, 2011. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. We would like to thank the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office for the use of MI STI. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 319 EP 323 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755600067 ER PT S AU Swanekamp, SB Young, FC Jackson, SL Commisso, RJ AF Swanekamp, S. B. Young, F. C. Jackson, S. L. Commisso, R. J. GP IEEE TI Neutron Detector Designs for Detecting Fission Neutrons in Intense Pulsed Environments SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) ID GLASS DETECTOR; DIAGNOSTICS; PLASMA AB In this paper, the MCNPX code is used to optimize the moderator materials and thicknesses for a neutron detector based on a Li-6-loaded glass scintillator. It is shown that the response of the Li-6 detector to a delayed-neutron-fission spectrum is comparable to a He-3-based gas proportional counter that is configured with a similar active area and moderator materials. For a delayed-neutron spectrum, a polyethylene thickness between 4 cm and 5 cm optimizes the number of Li-6(n,alpha)H-3 reactions in the glass. Furthermore, when the polyethylene is surrounded by additional thickness of 2-cm of Flexi-boron the response of the detector to neutrons with energies of 1-100 eV (where the emission of delayed fission neutrons is small) is reduced by a factor of two or more while reducing the response at the peak of the delayed spectrum by only 20-30%. The addition of this thick Flexi-boron layer can be an effective way to reduce the unwanted signals from cosmic-ray neutrons and other background sources. A good neutron detector should also be able to distinguish between high-energy gamma-rays and neutrons. In a pulsed-power environment, the bremsstrahlung from the generator can also temporarily blind the detector. Lead shielding can be used to reduce these effects so that the detector can recover fast enough to measure delayed fission neutrons. We have used MCNPX to address the effects of lead shielding on the response of the 6Li detector to delayed fission neutrons. It is found that the addition of lead has little effect on the optimum polyethylene thickness. The addition of 5-cm-thick lead (10-cm) reduces the response to the delayed neutron spectrum by about 30% (50%) while reducing the effects of 1 MeV gamma-rays by a factor of 30 (1000). C1 [Swanekamp, S. B.; Jackson, S. L.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steve.Swanekamp@nrl.navy.mil; Frank.Young@nrl.navy.mil; Stuart.Jackson@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 363 EP 369 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755600078 ER PT S AU Christophersen, M Phlips, BF Woolf, RS Jackson, LA AF Christophersen, Marc Phlips, Bernard F. Woolf, Richard S. Jackson, Lori A. GP IEEE TI Micromachined Tantalum Collimators for Space Applications SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) AB We present the prototype-development of a tantalum X-ray collimator for AXTAR (Advanced X-ray Timing Array), a mission concept for an advanced X-ray timing experiment. The collimator is micro-fabricated in a two step process: (i) laser-machining of a hole array in Ta and (ii) chemical etching of the hole with the desired porosity (hole vs. bulk volume). The collimator design was studied by Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT4. The anticipated collimator performance shows 2 orders of magnitude rejection over 2 degrees. The angular response of the collimator was measured with an Americum-241 source and a commercial silicon detector. The prototype collimates over +/-3 degrees. C1 [Christophersen, Marc; Phlips, Bernard F.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Woolf, Richard S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 7654 USA. [Jackson, Lori A.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.christophersen@nrl.navy.mil; phlips@nrl.navy.mil; richard.woolf.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; lori.jackson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 FU ONR (Office of Navy Research) FX This work was supported in part by the ONR (Office of Navy Research). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 1222 EP 1225 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755601089 ER PT S AU Ferraro, MS Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Freeman, WT Murphy, JL Goetz, PG Burris, HR Moore, CI Thomas, LM Clark, WR Waters, WD AF Ferraro, Mike S. Mahon, Rita Rabinovich, William S. Freeman, Wade T. Murphy, James L. Goetz, Peter G. Burris, Harris R. Moore, Christopher I. Thomas, Linda M. Clark, William R. Waters, William D. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI InGaAs Avalanche Photodiode Arrays for Simultaneous Communications and Tracking SO FREE-SPACE AND ATMOSPHERIC LASER COMMUNICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space and Atmospheric Laser Communications XI CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free-space laser communication; avalanche photodiode arrays; position sensitive detector; quadrant cell AB Free space optical communication uses photodetectors for two purposes: as communications receivers and, in the form of a quadrant cell or a position sensitive detector, for tracking. Generally two separate detectors are used. In this work we describe combining these functions into one device through the use of heterostructure avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays. Combined functionality more efficiently uses the available light and allows for large area communications detector arrays that maintain the bandwidth and sensitivity of smaller, single-element, devices. In this paper we describe a prototype 2x2 arrays and associated electronics and processing. The design tradeoffs in balancing both functions are explored and future geometries that are more effective than square arrays are described. C1 [Ferraro, Mike S.; Mahon, Rita; Rabinovich, William S.; Murphy, James L.; Goetz, Peter G.; Burris, Harris R.; Moore, Christopher I.; Thomas, Linda M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ferraro, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8772-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8162 AR 81620D DI 10.1117/12.895116 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBA74 UT WOS:000306314800011 ER PT S AU Mahon, R Moore, CI Ferraro, MS Rabinovich, WS Suite, MR AF Mahon, Rita Moore, Christopher I. Ferraro, Mike S. Rabinovich, William S. Suite, Michele R. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI Optical Scintillation Measurements in a Desert Environment 1: Direct Link Ranges of 2 to 24 km SO FREE-SPACE AND ATMOSPHERIC LASER COMMUNICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space and Atmospheric Laser Communications XI CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scintillation; saturated fluctuations; coherence radius AB Experiments have been carried out over a series of ranges at China Lake in which the irradiance fluctuations, angle-of-arrival variance and images of the scintillation patterns were recorded, together with meteorological parameters. The decrease in scintillation index associated with the lower turbulence conditions at sunset was observed for the shorter ranges but not for the longer ranges of 19 and 24km where the propagation was in the saturated regime. C1 [Mahon, Rita; Moore, Christopher I.; Ferraro, Mike S.; Rabinovich, William S.; Suite, Michele R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahon, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8772-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8162 AR 816208 DI 10.1117/12.895223 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBA74 UT WOS:000306314800006 ER PT S AU Mahon, R Moore, CI Ferraro, MS Rabinovich, WS Suite, MR AF Mahon, Rita Moore, Christopher I. Ferraro, Mike S. Rabinovich, William S. Suite, Michele R. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI Optical Scintillation Measurements in a Desert Environment 3: High speed imaging of scintillation patterns and their application to aperture averaging SO FREE-SPACE AND ATMOSPHERIC LASER COMMUNICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space and Atmospheric Laser Communications XI CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scintillation; aperture averaging AB The spatial scale of variations of intensity imposed on a propagating beam as it transits the turbulent atmosphere is of importance in designing free space laser communications receivers. Consecutive images of the entrance pupil of a 125mm diameter telescope have been acquired at a rate of 328fps over a series of ranges from 2km to 24km. The images are analyzed with respect to the aperture averaging available to a given receiver system. C1 [Mahon, Rita; Moore, Christopher I.; Ferraro, Mike S.; Rabinovich, William S.; Suite, Michele R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahon, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8772-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8162 AR 81620A DI 10.1117/12.895243 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBA74 UT WOS:000306314800008 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Moore, CI Ferraro, MS Suite, MR Burris, HR Thomas, LM AF Rabinovich, William S. Mahon, Rita Moore, Christopher I. Ferraro, Mike S. Suite, Michele R. Burris, H. R. Thomas, L. M. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI Optical Scintillation Measurements in a Desert Environment 2: Retro-reflector Links SO FREE-SPACE AND ATMOSPHERIC LASER COMMUNICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space and Atmospheric Laser Communications XI CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Free space optical communication; Modulating retro-reflector; scintillation; desert AB Transportable Atmospheric Testing Suite (TATS) system was used to measure time resolved scintillation over a variety of different ranges at China Lake in December 2010. In this paper an analysis of scintillation effects on retro-reflector links is presented. Scintillation index, power spectral density and probability distribution functions are deduced from the measured irradiance fluctuations. Effects of aperture averaging using multiple retro-reflectors is examined as well as the contribution to the irradiance fluctuations due to enhanced backscatter. C1 [Rabinovich, William S.; Mahon, Rita; Moore, Christopher I.; Ferraro, Mike S.; Suite, Michele R.; Burris, H. R.; Thomas, L. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8772-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8162 AR 816209 DI 10.1117/12.895240 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBA74 UT WOS:000306314800007 ER PT S AU Suite, M Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Moore, C Ferraro, M Burris, HR Thomas, LM AF Suite, Michele Rabinovich, W. S. Mahon, Rita Moore, Christopher Ferraro, Mike Burris, H. R. Thomas, L. M. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI Optical Scintillation Measurements in a Desert Environment 4: Simulated Effects of Scintillation on Communications Links SO FREE-SPACE AND ATMOSPHERIC LASER COMMUNICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space and Atmospheric Laser Communications XI CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Free space optical communication; Lasercom; Modulating retro-reflector; Retro-modulator; fade rate; protocol; gigabit Ethernet; high bandwidth; frequency allocation; desert; low probability of intercept; anti-jam AB Optical scintillation is an effect that limits the performance of many optical systems including imagers and free space optical communication links. The Naval Research Laboratory is undertaking a series of measurement campaigns of optical scintillation in a variety of environments. In December of 2010 measurements were made over a one week period in the desert at China Lake, CA. The NRL TATS system was used to measure time resolved scintillation over a variety of different ranges and terrains. This data has been used to determine fade rate and duration as a function of weather and link margin. Temporal correlation of fades has also been calculated. This data allows simulation of a variety of communication protocols and the effects of those protocols on link throughput. In this paper we present a comparison of different protocols for both direct and retroreflector links C1 [Suite, Michele; Rabinovich, W. S.; Mahon, Rita; Moore, Christopher; Ferraro, Mike; Burris, H. R.; Thomas, L. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suite, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8772-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8162 AR 81620B DI 10.1117/12.895244 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBA74 UT WOS:000306314800009 ER PT J AU Nissen, ME Bordetsky, A AF Nissen, Mark E. Bordetsky, Alex BE Trentin, G TI Leveraging mobile network technologies to accelerate tacit knowledge flows across organisations and distances SO TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE FLOW: THE POWER OF NETWORKS SE Chandos Information Professional Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE knowledge flow theory; tacit knowledge; explicit knowledge; mobile network technologies; communities of professionals ID DYNAMIC THEORY; FIRM AB Knowledge is key to sustainable competitive advantage, but different kinds of knowledge affect competitive advantage differently, and they exhibit qualitatively different dynamic properties and behaviours. This pertains in particular to tacit and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is rich and powerful, enabling rapid, expert-level action in many circumstances, but it tends to be highly situated and to flow slowly and narrowly across people, organisations, places and times. Alternatively, explicit knowledge tends to be more generally applicable and to flow broadly and rapidly, but it is diluted and less powerful than its tacit counterpart. Mobile network technologies are becoming increasingly powerful and ubiquitous, but like most information technologies, they maintain a predominant focus on explicit knowledge. In contrast, advancing capabilities to facilitate remote and multiparty collaboration offer increasing potential to support tacit knowledge flows as well. The research described in this chapter builds upon Knowledge Flow Theory to conceptualise an approach to accelerating tacit knowledge flows through mobile network technologies, and it illustrates such an approach through field research to examine how rich, situated tacit knowledge can be induced to flow rapidly across organisations and distances. For example, mobile network technologies can enable domain experts to apply their rich tacit knowledge even across great geographical distances, as though they were collocated physically. This chapter offers a theoretical contribution and elucidates an exciting path for continued research along these lines, and it highlights practical application as well, through demonstration of how network technologies can be leveraged to accelerate tacit knowledge flows. C1 [Nissen, Mark E.; Bordetsky, Alex] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Nissen, Mark E.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHANDOS PUBL PI SAWSTON PA 80 HIGH ST, SAWSTON, CAMBRIDGE CB22 3HJ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84334-646-3 J9 CHANDOS INF PROF SER PY 2011 BP 1 EP 25 D2 10.1533/9781780632674 PG 25 WC Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BZD86 UT WOS:000301196500002 ER PT B AU Szabat, KA O'Connor, A Tavana, M AF Szabat, Kathryn A. O'Connor, Aidan Tavana, Madjid BA Tavana, M BF Tavana, M TI Managing Adaptability, Intervention, and People in Enterprise Information Systems Preface SO MANAGING ADAPTABILITY, INTERVENTION, AND PEOPLE IN ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Szabat, Kathryn A.; Tavana, Madjid] La Salle Univ, Dept Management, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [O'Connor, Aidan] Ecole Super Commerce & Management, Paris, France. [Tavana, Madjid] Management Informat Syst & Decis Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Tavana, Madjid] La Salle Univ, Ctr Technol & Management, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tavana, Madjid] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Szabat, KA (reprint author), La Salle Univ, Dept Management, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IGI GLOBAL PI HERSEY PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSEY, PA 17033-1240 USA BN 978-1-60960-530-8; 978-1-60960-529-2 PY 2011 BP XII EP + D2 10.4018/978-1-60960-529-2 PG 39 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BZV42 UT WOS:000303059500001 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. CA Fermi LAT Collaboration BE Romero, GE Sunyaev, RA Belloni, TM TI Blazar jet physics in the age of Fermi SO JETS AT ALL SCALES SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 275th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Jets at All Scales CY SEP 13-17, 2010 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP IAU Div 10, IAU Div 11, Inst Argentino Radioastronomia DE galaxies: jets; gamma rays: observations; gamma rays: theory ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY ABSORPTION; RADIO GALAXY; 3C 454.3; CATALOG; ACCELERATION; UNIFICATION; EMISSION; SPECTRUM AB The impact of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope on blazar research is reviewed. This includes a brief description of the Fermi Large Area Telescope, a summary of the various classes of extragalactic sources found in the First Large Area Telescope AGN Catalog, and more detailed discussion of the fiat spectrum radio quasar 3C454.3 and the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304. Some theoretical studies related to ongoing blazar research with Fermi are mentioned, including implications of gamma-ray observations of radio galaxies on blazar unification scenarios, variability in colliding shells, and whether blazars are sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. C1 [Dermer, Charles D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-52176-607-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2011 VL 275 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1017/S1743921310015772 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAP08 UT WOS:000304974800020 ER PT J AU Byram, S Hackman, C Tracey, J AF Byram, Sharyl Hackman, Christine Tracey, Jeffrey GP ION TI Computation of a High-Precision GPS-Based Troposphere Product by the USNO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div ID PATH DELAY AB In addition to contributing to the IGS ultra rapid and rapid GPS products, the USNO Analysis Center (AC) has undertaken the task of computing the high-precision IGS final troposphere product, expanding its GPS product family in July 2011. A precise point position (PPP) estimation of the zenith path delay (ZPD) and the North and East gradient components is performed using the Bernese GPS Version 5.0 software [4]. In an effort to measure the quality of the final troposphere product produced by the USNO with this setup, a test was performed by processing 18 IGS reference stations and comparing the result to the final troposphere product published by the IGS over a time span of 25 days. The zenith path delay estimates in comparison to the IGS product seem to agree overall with most of the stations averaging less than 3 mm in standard deviation with an average mean near 1 mm for the 25 day period. The gradient component estimates show more variability in the standard deviation from station to station, however the average mean is near zero. A station position repeatability test for a portion of this same comparison testing period was also performed in an effort to determine the internal quality of the USNO products. The test analyzed a 14 day period (days 058-071 in 2011) with the results shown in Table 2. These repeatability values demonstrate a good internal consistency for the 18 stations analyzed. Overall the repeatability for the North the East coordinates was on average near 2 mm while the Up coordinate has a repeatability of approximately 5 mm. Ongoing station repeatability checks are done in blocks of 10 days for USNO produced IGS final troposphere products. C1 [Byram, Sharyl; Hackman, Christine; Tracey, Jeffrey] USN Observ, GPS Anal Div, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC USA. RP Byram, S (reprint author), USN Observ, GPS Anal Div, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2011 BP 572 EP 578 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAF73 UT WOS:000304032000037 ER PT B AU Livingston, MA Rosenblum, LJ Brown, DG Schmidt, GS Julier, SJ Baillot, Y Swan, JE Ai, ZM Maassel, P AF Livingston, Mark A. Rosenblum, Lawrence J. Brown, Dennis G. Schmidt, Gregory S. Julier, Simon J. Baillot, Yohan Swan, J. Edward, II Ai, Zhuming Maassel, Paul BE Furht, B TI Military Applications of Augmented Reality SO HANDBOOK OF AUGMENTED REALITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter reviews military benefits and requirements that have led to a series of research efforts in augmented reality (AR) and related systems for the military over the past few decades, beginning with the earliest specific application of AR. While by no means a complete list, we note some themes from the various projects and discuss ongoing research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Two of the most important thrusts within these applications are the user interface and human factors. We summarize our research and place it in the context of the field. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.; Rosenblum, Lawrence J.; Brown, Dennis G.; Schmidt, Gregory S.; Julier, Simon J.; Baillot, Yohan; Swan, J. Edward, II; Ai, Zhuming; Maassel, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0063-9 PY 2011 BP 671 EP 706 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0064-6_31 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0064-6 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BYW48 UT WOS:000300642100031 ER PT B AU Moniz, LJ Nichols, JD Nichols, JM Cooch, EG Pecora, LM AF Moniz, L. J. Nichols, J. D. Nichols, J. M. Cooch, E. G. Pecora, L. M. BE Dehmer, M EmmertStreib, F Mehler, A TI Inferences About Coupling from Ecological Surveillance Monitoring: Approaches Based on Nonlinear Dynamics and Information Theory SO TOWARDS AN INFORMATION THEORY OF COMPLEX NETWORKS: STATISTICAL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE 37M10 Time-Series Analysis; 37M99 Computational Methods; 37N99 Application of Dynamical Systems; 92D40 Ecology ID RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIOTEMPORAL SYSTEMS; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; MUTUAL PREDICTION; DELAY EMBEDDINGS; FORCED SYSTEMS; NOISY WORLD; MODELS AB Some monitoring programs for ecological resources are developed as components of larger science or management programs and are thus guided by a priori hypotheses. More commonly, ecological monitoring programs are initiated for the purpose of surveillance with no a priori hypotheses in mind. No conceptual framework currently exists to guide the development of surveillance monitoring programs, resulting in substantial debate about program design. We view surveillance monitoring programs as providing information about system dynamics and focus on methods for extracting such information from time series of monitoring data. We briefly describe methods from the general field of nonlinear dynamics that we believe may be useful in extracting information about system dynamics. In looking at the system as a network of locations or components, we emphasize methods for assessing coupling between system components for use in understanding system dynamics and interactions and in detecting changes in system dynamics. More specifically, these methods hold promise for such ecological problems as identifying indicator species, developing informative spatial monitoring designs, detecting ecosystem change and damage, and investigating such topics as population synchrony, species interactions, and environmental drivers. We believe that these ideas and methods provide a useful conceptual framework for surveillance monitoring and can be used with model systems to draw inferences about the design of surveillance monitoring programs. In addition, some of the current methods should be useful with some actual ecological monitoring data, and methodological extensions and modifications should increase the applicability of these approaches to additional sources of actual ecological data. C1 [Moniz, L. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Nichols, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cooch, E. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Moniz, LJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Linda.Moniz@jhuapl.edu; jnichols@usgs.gov; jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil; evan.cooch@cornell.edu; pecora@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-4903-6 PY 2011 BP 169 EP 198 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4904-3_8 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-4904-3 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BYL98 UT WOS:000299298200008 ER PT B AU Wu, ST Wang, AH Wu, CC Hill, F Hernandez, IG Feng, XS Dryer, M AF Wu, S. T. Wang, A. H. Wu, Chin-Chun Hill, F. Hernandez, I. Gonzalez Feng, X. S. Dryer, M. BE Pogorelov, NV Audit, E Zank, GP TI A Global Solar Wind Model Based on Surface Measurements of Magnetic Field and Transverse Velocity from GONG SO NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS - ASTRONUM 2010 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows (ASTRONUM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL San Diego, CA ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; EVOLUTION; MHD; FORMULATION; SCHEMES; CORONA; SPEED AB We present a solar wind model based on a three-dimensional (3D) data-driven, time-dependent, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. The inputs to the model are the measured line-of-sight (LOS) magnetic field of SOLIS and transverse velocity from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) on the lower boundary without heating and momentum additions. The results show that both slow and fast components of the solar wind are produced without arbitrarily specifying additional heating and momentum due to the employment of multiple sets of observations. In addition, the global distribution of the coronal holes responsible for the formation of co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) is also consistently presented. C1 [Wu, S. T.; Wang, A. H.; Dryer, M.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Wu, Chin-Chun] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hill, F.; Hernandez, I. Gonzalez] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Feng, X. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-768-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 444 BP 143 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA BAH66 UT WOS:000304180200023 ER PT J AU Aguilar, CO Krener, AJ AF Aguilar, Cesar O. Krener, Arthur J. GP IEEE TI Power series solutions to the time-varying dynamic programming equations SO 2011 50TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL AND EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC-ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Conference of Decision and Control (CDC)/European Control Conference (ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Honeywell, MathWorks, United Technol Res Ctr, HYCON2, IEEE, Contrl Syst Soc (CSS), EUCA ID SYSTEMS AB In this paper we construct high-order approximate solutions to the value function and optimal control for a finite-horizon optimal control problem for time-varying discrete-time nonlinear systems. The method consists in expanding the dynamic programming equations (DPE) in a power series, collecting homogeneous polynomial terms and solving for the unknown coefficients from the known and previously computed data. The resulting high-order equations are linear difference equations for the unknown homogeneous terms and are solved backwards in time. The method is applied to construct high-order perturbation controllers around a nominal optimal trajectory. C1 [Aguilar, Cesar O.; Krener, Arthur J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Aguilar, CO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM coaguila@nps.edu; ajkrener@nps.edu FU AFOSR; NSF FX Research supported in part by AFOSR and NSF NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-801-3 PY 2011 BP 397 EP 402 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BAA55 UT WOS:000303506200065 ER PT J AU Galloway, KS Justh, EW Krishnaprasad, PS AF Galloway, K. S. Justh, E. W. Krishnaprasad, P. S. GP IEEE TI Portraits of cyclic pursuit SO 2011 50TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL AND EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC-ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Conference of Decision and Control (CDC)/European Control Conference (ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Honeywell, MathWorks, United Technol Res Ctr, HYCON2, IEEE, Contrl Syst Soc (CSS), EUCA AB The study of cyclic pursuit as a means to collective behavior in nature and in artificial multi-agent systems is of current interest. Here we examine the nonlinear closed loop dynamics of planar cyclic pursuit based on the constant bearing (CB) strategy. We show that there exists a family of rectilinear relative equilibria that admit nearby periodic orbits in an appropriate low dimensional space found by methods of symmetry, reduction and constraint. We also demonstrate the existence of other families of rectilinear equilibria that exhibit attractivity or instability. C1 [Galloway, K. S.; Krishnaprasad, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Justh, E. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Galloway, KS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kgallow1@umd.edu; krishna@umd.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOS [FA95501010250]; ODDRE MURI2007 [N000140710734]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR grant FA95501010250; by an L-3 Communications Graduate Fellowship; by the ODDR&E MURI2007 Program Grant N000140710734 (through the Office of Naval Research); and by the Office of Naval Research NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-801-3 PY 2011 BP 2724 EP 2731 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BAA55 UT WOS:000303506203054 ER PT J AU Klaus, C Chung, TH AF Klaus, Christian Chung, Timothy H. GP IEEE TI Optimized Graph Topologies for Probabilistic Search SO 2011 50TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL AND EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC-ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Conference of Decision and Control (CDC)/European Control Conference (ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Honeywell, MathWorks, United Technol Res Ctr, HYCON2, IEEE, Contrl Syst Soc (CSS), EUCA ID ALGEBRAIC CONNECTIVITY AB This paper investigates the effect on the performance of a mobile searcher caused by altering the search environment. We model the search environment as a simple connected undirected graph. By adding non-existing edges to the graph we change the search environment's model. Our objective is to optimize search performance, that is, to minimize the (expected) time needed to find the target, in the context of probabilistic search. We first analyze two different methods to generate random connected graphs, then evaluate a number of methods to augment a graph by means of the algebraic connectivity of the graph and its associated (Fiedler) eigenvector. The relationship between the graph topology and the performance of the search is highlighted, including a comparative evaluation of different search strategies employed by the mobile searcher. Extensive simulation studies and resulting statistical and theoretical models show that adding a few wisely chosen edges to a sparse graph is sufficient to dramatically increase search performance. Further, we propose a novel method for incorporating prior information about the target's likely location by defining a subgraph on which the presented approach is performed, resulting in even greater improvements in search performance. C1 [Klaus, Christian] Naval Post Grad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chung, Timothy H.] Naval Post Grad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Klaus, C (reprint author), Naval Post Grad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cklaus@nps.edu; thchung@nps.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-801-3 PY 2011 BP 2913 EP 2919 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BAA55 UT WOS:000303506203084 ER PT J AU Li, CD Park, C Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL AF Li, Chendong Park, Chulwoo Pattipati, Krishna R. Kleinman, David L. GP IEEE TI Distributed Algorithms for Biobjective Assignment Problems SO 2011 50TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL AND EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC-ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Conference of Decision and Control (CDC)/European Control Conference (ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Honeywell, MathWorks, United Technol Res Ctr, HYCON2, IEEE, Contrl Syst Soc (CSS), EUCA AB In this paper, we study the biobjective assignment problem, a NP-hard version of the classical assignment problem. We employ an effective two-phase method with certain enhancements: in Phase I, we use a distributed auction algorithm to solve the single objective assignment problems to obtain the so-called supported Pareto optimal solutions; we apply a ranking approach with tight upper/lower bounds in Phase II to obtain the non-supported Pareto optimal solutions. Moreover, a randomized algorithm for Phase II is proposed that supports finding the approximation on a polynomial time basis. Extensive experiments are conducted using SGI Altix 3700 and computational results are reported based on a large set of randomly generated problem instances. Also, some experimental results of the distributed auction algorithm on large data-size assignment problems are provided. C1 [Li, Chendong] Univ Connecticut, Comp Sci Engn Dept, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. [Kleinman, David L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, CD (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Comp Sci Engn Dept, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. EM chendong.li@engr.uconn.edu; chp06004@engr.uconn.edu; krishna@engr.uconn.edu; dlkleinm@nps.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0062] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-09-1-0062 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-801-3 PY 2011 BP 5893 EP 5898 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BAA55 UT WOS:000303506206084 ER PT S AU Karpenko, M Bedrossian, N Bhatt, S Fleming, A Ross, IM AF Karpenko, M. Bedrossian, N. Bhatt, S. Fleming, A. Ross, I. M. BE Jah, MK Guo, YP Bowes, AL Lai, PC TI FIRST FLIGHT RESULTS ON TIME-OPTIMAL SPACECRAFT SLEWS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2011, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP AAS, AIAA ID RIGID SPACECRAFT; REORIENTATION; MANEUVERS AB This paper describes the design and flight implementation of off-eigenaxis time-optimal reorientation maneuvers for the NASA Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) spacecraft. Time-optimal reorientation maneuvers have obvious application for improving the maneuver performance of spacecraft systems. Yet, this type of maneuvering capability has never before been demonstrated in flight. Constrained time-optimal maneuvering of a rigid body is studied first in order to demonstrate the potential for enhancing the performance of the TRACE spacecraft. Issues related to the experimental flight implementation of time-optimal maneuvers on board TRACE are discussed. A description of an optimal control problem formulation found to be suitable for reaction wheel spacecraft maneuver design is given. The optimization model is solved using the pseudospectral optimal control method and includes practical constraints such as the nonlinear reaction wheel torque-momentum envelope and rate gyro saturation limits. Flight results, presented for a typical large angle time-optimal reorientation maneuver, show that time-optimal maneuvers can be implemented without any modification of the existing spacecraft attitude control system and demonstrate a clear improvement in spacecraft maneuver performance as compared to conventional eigenaxis maneuvering. C1 [Karpenko, M.; Ross, I. M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karpenko, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-569-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2011 VL 140 BP 111 EP 126 PN 1-3 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAC15 UT WOS:000303779600008 ER PT S AU Colon, MA Sankaranarayanan, S AF Colon, Michael A. Sankaranarayanan, Sriram BE Barthe, G TI Generalizing the Template Polyhedral Domain SO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th European Symposium on Programming (ESOP) CY MAR 26-APR 03, 2011 CL Saarbrucken, GERMANY ID NUMERICAL ABSTRACT DOMAINS; STATIC ANALYSIS; ITERATION; SYSTEMS; SOFTWARE; LIBRARY AB Template polyhedra generalize weakly relational domains by specifying arbitrary fixed linear expressions on the left-hand sides of inequalities and undetermined constants on the right. The domain operations required for analysis over template polyhedra can be computed in polynomial time using linear programming. In this paper, we introduce the generalized template polyhedral domain that extends template polyhedra using fixed left-hand side expressions with bilinear forms involving program variables and unknown parameters to the right. We prove that the domain operations over generalized templates can be defined as the "best possible abstractions" of the corresponding polyhedral domain operations. The resulting analysis can straddle the entire space of linear relation analysis starting from the template domain to the full polyhedral domain. We show that analysis in the generalized template domain can be performed by dualizing the join, post-condition and widening operations. We also investigate the special case of template polyhedra wherein each bilinear form has at most two parameters. For this domain, we use the special properties of two dimensional polyhedra and techniques from fractional linear programming to derive domain operations that can be implemented in polynomial time over the number of variables in the program and the size of the polyhedra. We present applications of generalized template polyhedra to strengthen previously obtained invariants by converting them into templates. We describe an experimental evaluation of an implementation over several benchmark systems. C1 [Colon, Michael A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sankaranarayanan, Sriram] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. RP Colon, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colon@itd.nrl.navy.mil; srirams@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0953941]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 0953941 and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF or ONR. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19717-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6602 BP 176 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC37 UT WOS:000303792300010 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Kim, JL AF Joyner, David Kim, Jon-Lark BA Joyner, D Kim, JL BF Joyner, D Kim, JL TI Background on Information Theory and Coding Theory SO SELECTED UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN CODING THEORY SE Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kim, Jon-Lark] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall,Holloway Rd 572C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu; wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-8255-2 J9 APPL NUMER HARMON AN PY 2011 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9 PG 36 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BYR72 UT WOS:000299905100001 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Kim, JL AF Joyner, David Kim, Jon-Lark BA Joyner, D Kim, JL BF Joyner, D Kim, JL TI Self-dual Codes, Lattices, and Invariant Theory SO SELECTED UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN CODING THEORY SE Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kim, Jon-Lark] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall,Holloway Rd 572C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu; wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-8255-2 J9 APPL NUMER HARMON AN PY 2011 BP 29 EP 46 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9_2 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BYR72 UT WOS:000299905100002 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Kim, JL AF Joyner, David Kim, Jon-Lark BA Joyner, D Kim, JL BF Joyner, D Kim, JL TI Kittens, Mathematical Blackjack, and Combinatorial Codes SO SELECTED UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN CODING THEORY SE Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kim, Jon-Lark] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall,Holloway Rd 572C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu; wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-8255-2 J9 APPL NUMER HARMON AN PY 2011 BP 47 EP 70 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9 PG 24 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BYR72 UT WOS:000299905100003 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Kim, JL AF Joyner, David Kim, Jon-Lark BA Joyner, D Kim, JL BF Joyner, D Kim, JL TI The Riemann Hypothesis and Coding Theory SO SELECTED UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN CODING THEORY SE Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kim, Jon-Lark] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall,Holloway Rd 572C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu; wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-8255-2 J9 APPL NUMER HARMON AN PY 2011 BP 71 EP 121 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9 PG 51 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BYR72 UT WOS:000299905100004 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Kim, JL AF Joyner, David Kim, Jon-Lark BA Joyner, D Kim, JL BF Joyner, D Kim, JL TI Hyperelliptic Curves and Quadratic Residue Codes SO SELECTED UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN CODING THEORY SE Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kim, Jon-Lark] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall,Holloway Rd 572C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu; wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-8255-2 J9 APPL NUMER HARMON AN PY 2011 BP 123 EP 143 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9 PG 21 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BYR72 UT WOS:000299905100005 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Kim, JL AF Joyner, David Kim, Jon-Lark BA Joyner, D Kim, JL BF Joyner, D Kim, JL TI Codes from Modular Curves SO SELECTED UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN CODING THEORY SE Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kim, Jon-Lark] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall,Holloway Rd 572C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu; wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-8255-2 J9 APPL NUMER HARMON AN PY 2011 BP 145 EP 176 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9 PG 32 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BYR72 UT WOS:000299905100006 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Kim, JL AF Joyner, David Kim, Jon-Lark BA Joyner, D Kim, JL BF Joyner, D Kim, JL TI Appendices SO SELECTED UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN CODING THEORY SE Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kim, Jon-Lark] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Chauvenet Hall,Holloway Rd 572C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu; wdjoyner@gmail.com; jl.kim@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-8255-2 J9 APPL NUMER HARMON AN PY 2011 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9_7 D2 10.1007/978-0-8176-8256-9 PG 12 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BYR72 UT WOS:000299905100007 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. BE McEnery, JE Racusin, JL Gehrels, N TI Are Gamma-Ray Bursts the Sources of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays? SO GAMMA RAY BURSTS 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Gamma Ray Bursts CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD DE Gamma-ray bursts; blazars; ultra-high energy cosmic rays ID ACCELERATION; LUMINOSITY; NUCLEI; FERMI; ERA AB A checklist of criteria is presented to help establish the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). These criteria are applied to long-duration GRBs in order to determine if they are UHECR sources. The evidence seems to favor blazars and radio galaxies (or other sources) over GRBs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0916-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1358 DI 10.1063/1.3621804 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BZU09 UT WOS:000302963100079 ER PT S AU Yee, SC Anderson, CR Charles, HK Firebaugh, SL Mechtel, DM AF Yee, Steven C. Anderson, Christopher R. Charles, Harry K. Firebaugh, Samara L. Mechtel, Deborah M. GP IEEE TI Microstrip Antenna Tuning using Variable Reactive Microelectromechanical Systems SO 2011 IEEE 61ST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 61st Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2011 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) AB Due to their small size, low loss, and compatibility with integrated circuits, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been the focus of recent efforts at developing frequency reconfigurable patch antennas able to operate at a number of different user-selected frequencies. Although reactive loading with MEMS variable capacitors is a well-documented method in reconfigurable antenna design [1], MEMS variable inductors have not received the same attention in that role. Designs for frequency tunable patch antennas using MEMS variable inductors and capacitors are presented here. Variations on previous thermally actuated MEMS variable inductors [2] and electrostatically actuated MEMS variable capacitors fabricated through a multi-user surface micromachining process are tested and shown to successfully vary reactance when actuated. Microstrip-fed patch antennas loaded with discrete surface-mount reactive components were successfully tested to demonstrate the principle of this MEMS application. C1 [Yee, Steven C.; Anderson, Christopher R.; Charles, Harry K.; Firebaugh, Samara L.; Mechtel, Deborah M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Yee, SC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-61284-498-5 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2011 BP 1828 EP 1833 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BZP73 UT WOS:000302341400281 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Wu, DH AF Garzarella, Anthony Wu, Dong Ho GP IEEE TI Non Intrusive Electromagnetic Sensors for Ultra Wideband Applications Using Electro-Optic and Magneto-Optic Materials SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ULTRA-WIDEBAND (ICUWB) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB) CY SEP 14-16, 2011 CL Bologna, ITALY SP IEEE AB We have developed and tested fiber optic electric and magnetic field sensors for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. The sensors are based on nonlinear effects in electro-optic (EO) and magneto-optic (MO) crystals. Unlike conventional antenna-based probes, EO and MO sensors are composed of all-dielectric materials and do not perturb the very fields that they measure. The sensors are small in size (less than 5mm in diameter), allowing them to be used in confined spaces and can be used with over 50 meters of optical fibers. These features make the sensor very well-suited for UWB applications and attractive for potential commercial use. C1 [Garzarella, Anthony; Wu, Dong Ho] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tony.garzarella@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1764-2 PY 2011 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BZR09 UT WOS:000302462400051 ER PT S AU Vanhoy, JR Guardala, NA Glass, GA AF Vanhoy, J. R. Guardala, N. A. Glass, G. A. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Directed Neutron Beams From Inverse Kinematic Reactions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos Natl Lab, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE Neutron beam; Heavy Ion Reactions; Directed Beams; Inverse Kinematics ID DEUTERATED POLYETHYLENE TARGETS; EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DECOMPOSITION AB Kinematic focusing of an emitted fairly mono-energetic neutron beam by the use of inverse-kinematic reactions, i.e. where the projectile mass is greater than the target atom's mass, can provide for the utilization of a significant fraction of the fast neutron yield and also provide for a safer radiation environment. We examine the merit of various neutron production reactions and consider the practicalities of producing the primary beam using the suitable accelerator technologies. Preliminary progress at the NSWC-Carderock Positive Ion Accelerator Facility is described. Possible important applications for this type of neutron-based system can be both advanced medical imaging techniques and active "stand-off" interrogation of contraband items. C1 [Vanhoy, J. R.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Guardala, N. A.] NSWC, Carderock Div, Positive Ion Accelerator Facil, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Glass, G. A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Louisiana Accelerator Ctr, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Vanhoy, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Internal Research Investment of the Naval Surface Warfare Center; Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded in part by the Internal Research Investment of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1063/1.3586142 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900096 ER PT S AU Hicks, SF Kersting, LJ Lueck, CJ McDonough, P Crider, BP McEllistrem, MT Peters, EE Vanhoy, JR AF Hicks, S. F. Kersting, L. J. Lueck, C. J. McDonough, P. Crider, B. P. McEllistrem, M. T. Peters, E. E. Vanhoy, J. R. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Undergraduate Measurements For Fission Reactor Applications SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos Natl Lab, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE Undergraduate research; neutron spectroscopy; elastic and inelastic neutron scattering differential cross sections AB Undergraduate students at the University of Dallas (UD) have investigated elastic and inelastic neutron scattering cross sections on structural materials important for criticality considerations in nuclear fission processes. Neutrons scattered off of Na-23 and Fe-Nat were detected using neutron time-of-flight techniques at the University of Kentucky Low-Energy Nuclear Accelerator Facility. These measurements are part of an effort to increase the efficiency of power generation from existing fission reactors in the US and in the design of new fission systems. Students have learned the basics of how to operate the Model CN Van de Graaff generator at the laboratory, setup detectors and electronics, use data acquisition systems, and they are currently analyzing the angular dependence of the scattered neutrons for incident neutron energies of 3.57 and 3.80 MeV. Most students participating in the project will use the research experience as the material for their undergraduate research thesis required for all Bachelor of Science students at the University of Dallas. The first student projects on this topic were completed during the summer of 2010; an overview of student participation in this investigation and their preliminary results will be presented. C1 [Hicks, S. F.; Kersting, L. J.; Lueck, C. J.; McDonough, P.] Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75019 USA. [Crider, B. P.; McEllistrem, M. T.; Peters, E. E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Vanhoy, J. R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hicks, SF (reprint author), Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75019 USA. FU Department of Energy through the NEUP; Cowan Physics Fund at the University of Dallas FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy through the NEUP program and by the Cowan Physics Fund at the University of Dallas. We acknowledge with appreciation the contributions of Harvey Baber the UK accelerator engineer and UK Professor Steven W. Yates for his many contributions to this project. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 738 EP 741 DI 10.1063/1.3586200 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900154 ER PT S AU Correll, FD Edsall, DW DePooter, KA Maskell, ND Vanhoy, JR AF Correll, Francis D. Edsall, Douglas W. DePooter, Katherine A. Maskell, Nicholas D. Vanhoy, Jeffrey R. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI An Apparatus For Student Projects Using External-Beam PIXE And PIGE SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Labs, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE student projects; external-beam; PIXE; PIGE; archaeometry; cultural heritage AB We recently installed a simple endstation at the Naval Academy Tandem Accelerator Laboratory to support student projects using external-beam PIXE and PIGE. It consists of a short, graphite-lined beamline extension with a thin window, an interlocked box that surrounds the target, detectors for x-and gamma rays, provision for flooding the target with helium gas, easily changed x-ray absorbers, and a compact video camera for monitoring the position of the beam spot. We used this system to measure the elemental composition of colonial-era architectural materials, principally bricks and mortar, from James Madison's Montpelier, the reconstructed Virginia estate of the fourth President of the United States. We describe the design and construction of the system, relate some of our experiences using it, and present some preliminary data from our investigations. C1 [Correll, Francis D.; Edsall, Douglas W.; DePooter, Katherine A.; Maskell, Nicholas D.; Vanhoy, Jeffrey R.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Correll, FD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 758 EP 762 DI 10.1063/1.3586205 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900159 ER PT J AU Coy, L Eckermann, SD Hoppel, KW Sassi, F AF Coy, L. Eckermann, S. D. Hoppel, K. W. Sassi, F. TI Mesospheric Precursors to the Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming of 2009: Validation and Dynamical Attribution Using a Ground-to-Edge-of-Space Data Assimilation System SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Global meteorological analyses from an assimilation of operational and research observations spanning the similar to 0-90 km altitude range confirm earlier tentative suggestions that high-altitude winds throughout the upper mesosphere reversed a week before the major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) of January 2009. Analyzed winds reveal descent of mean easterlies from the upper mesosphere to the lower stratosphere, followed by more easterly winds throughout the Arctic troposphere in the weeks after the SSW, indicating that these descending Northern Annular Mode (NAM) anomalies reached the surface. Eliassen-Palm fluxes reveal that the mesospheric precursor to this event was driven by transient nonstationary wave-2 planetary waves that propagated rapidly from the troposphere into the upper mesosphere, where they dissipated and produced easterly mean-flow accelerations. This early SSW phase was characterized by both descending mesospheric easterlies and poleward expansion of subtropical stratospheric easterlies, which eventually merged in the extratropical upper stratosphere. These wind structures may in turn have focused transient wave-2 planetary wave activity emerging from the troposphere in ways that intensified the SSW. C1 [Coy, L.; Eckermann, S. D.; Sassi, F.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoppel, K. W.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coy, L (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lawrence.coy@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNH09AK64I]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program (award NNH09AK64I), the Office of Naval Research, and a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2011 VL 3 AR M10002 DI 10.1029/2011MS000067 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931EM UT WOS:000303198400010 ER PT J AU vanZanten, MC Stevens, B Nuijens, L Siebesma, AP Ackerman, AS Burnet, F Cheng, A Couvreux, F Jiang, H Khairoutdinov, M Kogan, Y Lewellen, DC Mechem, D Nakamura, K Noda, A Shipway, BJ Slawinska, J Wang, S Wyszogrodzki, A AF vanZanten, Margreet C. Stevens, Bjorn Nuijens, Louise Siebesma, A. Pier Ackerman, A. S. Burnet, F. Cheng, A. Couvreux, F. Jiang, H. Khairoutdinov, M. Kogan, Y. Lewellen, D. C. Mechem, D. Nakamura, K. Noda, A. Shipway, B. J. Slawinska, J. Wang, S. Wyszogrodzki, A. TI Controls on precipitation and cloudiness in simulations of trade-wind cumulus as observed during RICO SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SHALLOW CUMULUS; CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION; STRATOCUMULUS; MODEL; MICROPHYSICS; RADAR AB Twelve large-eddy simulations, with a wide range of microphysical representations, are compared to each other and to independent measurements. The measurements and the initial and forcing data for the simulations are taken from the undisturbed period of the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field study. A regional downscaling of meteorological analyses is performed so as to provide forcing data consistent with the measurements. The ensemble average of the simulations plausibly reproduces many features of the observed clouds, including the vertical structure of cloud fraction, profiles of cloud and rain water, and to a lesser degree the population density of rain drops. The simulations do show considerable departures from one another in the representation of the cloud microphysical structure and the ensuant surface precipitation rates, increasingly so for the more simplified microphysical models. There is a robust tendency for simulations that develop rain to produce a shallower, somewhat more stable cloud layer. Relations between cloud cover and precipitation are ambiguous. C1 [Stevens, Bjorn; Nuijens, Louise] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [vanZanten, Margreet C.; Siebesma, A. Pier] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI De Bilt, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Stevens, Bjorn; Nuijens, Louise] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmos & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Siebesma, A. Pier] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Multiscale Phys, Delft, Netherlands. [Ackerman, A. S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Burnet, F.; Couvreux, F.] Meteo France, CNRS, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Cheng, A.] SSAI Inc, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Jiang, H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Khairoutdinov, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Kogan, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lewellen, D. C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aero Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Mechem, D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Shipway, B. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Slawinska, J.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland. [Wang, S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wyszogrodzki, A.] Res Applicat Lab, NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Stevens, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM bjorn.stevens@zmaw.de RI Couvreux, Fleur/B-3996-2010; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Shipway, Ben/E-1375-2011; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Shipway, Ben/0000-0002-7419-0789; FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [857.00.007] FX We thank all of those who participated in RICO and helped collect and prepare the data that made this study possible, in particular Robert Rauber and Larry Di Girolamo are thanked for the discussions that helped frame the present study. The Goddard Institute for Space Studies is thanked for hosting an initial workshop to help organize the intercomparison. Computing resources for ASA were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center. MvZ would like to acknowledge the financial support of Grant 857.00.007 of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Brian Medeiros and Chiara Antoniazzi are thanked for help in preparing some of the analysis of lidar data. Peter Bogenschutz, Christopher S. Bretherton, Wojciech Grabowski and Steve Krueger are thanked for their contributions to the discussion of the case study, Irina Sandu and Wojciech Grabowski are thanked for comments on a draft version of this manuscript. Three constructive and thoughtful reviews greatly improved the manuscript. NR 46 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2011 VL 3 AR M06001 DI 10.1029/2011MS000056 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931EM UT WOS:000303198400003 ER PT S AU Gould, RW McCarthy, SC Shulman, I Coelho, E Richman, J AF Gould, Richard W., Jr. McCarthy, Sean C. Shulman, Igor Coelho, Emanuel Richman, James BE Bostater, CR Mertikas, SP Neyt, X VelezReyes, M TI Estimating uncertainties in bio-optical products derived from satellite ocean color imagery using an ensemble approach SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN, SEA ICE, COASTAL WATERS, AND LARGE WATER REGIONS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions CY SEP 21-22, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE remote sensing; bio-optics; ocean color; error analysis; uncertainties; ensembles; forecasting AB We propose a methodology to quantify errors and produce uncertainty maps for satellite-derived ocean color bio-optical products using ensemble simulations. Ensemble techniques have been used by the environmental numerical modeling community to propagate initialization, forcing, and algorithm error sources through-out the full simulation process, but similar approaches have not yet been applied to satellite optical properties. Uncertainties in retrievals of bio-optical properties from satellite ocean color imagery are related to a variety of factors, including sensor calibration, atmospheric correction, and the bio-optical inversion algorithms. Errors propagate, amplify, and intertwine along the processing path, so it is important to understand how the errors cascade through each step of the analysis, to assess their impact and identify the main factors contributing to the uncertainties in the final products. Also, we are interested in producing short-term forecasts of the bio-optical property distributions, by coupling the satellite imagery with physical circulation models. So, in addition to the uncertainties in the satellite-derived bio-optical properties due to the above-mentioned factors, the uncertainties in the model currents used to advect the bio-optical properties add another layer of complexity to the problem. We outline these processes and present preliminary results for this approach. C1 [Gould, Richard W., Jr.; McCarthy, Sean C.; Shulman, Igor; Richman, James] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gould, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Richard.Gould@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-802-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8175 AR 817506 DI 10.1117/12.897614 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BZS31 UT WOS:000302739200006 ER PT S AU Myrabo, LN Lyons, PW Jones, RA Liu, S Manka, C AF Myrabo, L. N. Lyons, P. W. Jones, R. A. Liu, S. Manka, C. BE Eckel, HA Scharring, S TI Airbreathing Laser Propulsion Experiments with 1 mu m Terawatt Pharos III Laser: Part 1 SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION: SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion (ISBEP) CY APR 10-14, 2011 CL Ludwigsburg, GERMANY SP German Aerosp Ctr DE Lasers; Lightcraft; Laser propulsion ID MERCURY LIGHTCRAFT; INTEGRATION; ENGINE AB This basic research study examines the physics of airbreathing laser propulsion at the extreme flux range of 1-2x10(11) W/cm(2) - within the air breakdown threshold for 1 mu m radiation - using the terawatt PHAROS III neodymium-glass pulsed laser. Six different experimental setups were tested using a 34 mm line focus with 66 mu m focal waist, positioned near the flat impulse surface. The first campaign investigated impulse generation with the beam oriented almost normal to the target surface, with energies ranging from 23 to 376 J, and pulses of 5 to 30 ns FWHM. Air breakdown/ plasma dynamics were diagnosed with GOI cameras and color photography. Laser generated impulse was quantified with both vertical pendulums and piezoelectric pressure transducers using the standard performance metric, C-M - the momentum coupling coefficient. Part 1 of this 2-part paper covers Campaign #1 results including laser plasma diagnostics, pressure gage and vertical pendulum data. C1 [Myrabo, L. N.; Lyons, P. W.; Jones, R. A.; Liu, S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Manka, C.] Naval Res Lab, Space Plasma Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Myrabo, LN (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. FU former Laser Propulsion Program of the SDIO (through LLNL); NASA Glenn Research Center; NASA/USRA Advanced Design Program FX The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Barry Ripin and the Naval Research Laboratory (Space Plasma Branch) for granting two weeks of test time on the terawatt PHAROS III laser facility. Much thanks is due to W. Mielke, E. Muzzey, D. Messitt, S. Mullady, and the RPI Central Machine Shop for help in fabricating custom LP test equipment. A special thank you is owed to H.T. Nagamatsu (now deceased) for his thoughtful guidance, insight, and help in designing test equipment and evaluating pressure data. The present research was co-sponsored under grants from the former Laser Propulsion Program of the SDIO (through LLNL), NASA Glenn Research Center (formerly NASA Lewis), and the NASA/USRA Advanced Design Program. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0974-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1402 DI 10.1063/1.3657026 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZL58 UT WOS:000301940500015 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Merritt, CD Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Abell, J Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Merritt, C. D. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Abell, J. Meyer, J. R. BE Khodaparast, GA Santos, MB Stanton, CJ TI A New Generation of Interband Cascade Lasers SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SYSTEMS (NGS15) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Narrow Gap Systems (NGS) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Campus Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA SP Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys, Virginia Tech, Advance VT, Coll Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Virginia Tech, Off Vice President Res, Virginia Tech, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci (ICTAS), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Engn, BAE Syst, Coherent Inc, Oxford Instruments, Janis Res, Wiley, Cryo Industries, Nikon Instruments, STAIB Instruments, Pearson Educ, Amer Elements HO Campus Virginia Tech DE Interband cascade laser; diode laser; infrared laser; antimonide III-V materials AB We report on recent antimonide-based type-II interband cascade lasers emitting at wavelengths from 3 mu m to 5.5 mu m, which display pulsed threshold current densities at 300 K as low as 170 A/cm(2). Narrow ridge devices yield CW operation to 109 degrees C. Up to 158 mW of cw power and up to 13.5 % wallplug efficiency are observed at room temperature.. C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Merritt, C. D.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Abell, J.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jerry.meyer@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0993-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1416 BP 46 EP 48 DI 10.1063/1.3671694 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BZC63 UT WOS:000301110800010 ER PT S AU Shay, LK Jaimes, B Brewster, JK Meyers, P McCaskill, EC Uhlhorn, E Marks, F Halliwell, GR Smedstad, OM Hogan, P AF Shay, Lynn K. Jaimes, Benjamin Brewster, Jodi K. Meyers, Patrick McCaskill, E. Claire Uhlhorn, Eric Marks, Frank Halliwell, George R., Jr. Smedstad, Ole Martin Hogan, Patrick BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI Airborne Ocean Surveys of the Loop Current Complex From NOAA WP-3D in Support of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; VERTICAL COORDINATE; ANTICYCLONIC RINGS; CYCLONIC EDDIES; HURRICANE-OPAL; MODEL HYCOM; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; COMPUTATION AB At the time of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion, the Loop Current (LC), a warm ocean current in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), extended to 27.5 degrees N just south of the rig. To measure the regional scale variability of the LC, oceanographic missions were flown on a NOAA WP-3D research aircraft to obtain ocean structural data during the spill and provide thermal structure profiles to ocean forecasters aiding in the oil spill disaster at 7 to 10 day intervals. The aircraft flew nine grid patterns over the eastern GoM between May and July 2010 deploying profilers to measure atmospheric and oceanic properties such as wind, humidity, temperature, salinity, and current. Ocean current profilers sampled as deep as 1500 m, conductivity, temperature, and depth profilers sampled to 1000 m, and bathythermographs sampled to either 350 or 800 m providing deep structural measurements. Profiler data were provided to modeling centers to predict possible trajectories of the oil and vector ships to regions of anomalous signals. In hindcast mode, assimilation of temperature profiles into the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model improved the fidelity of the simulations by reducing RMS errors by as much as 30% and decreasing model biases by half relative to the simulated thermal structure from models that assimilated only satellite data. The synoptic snapshots also provided insight into the evolving LC variability, captured the shedding of the warm core eddy Franklin, and measured the small-scale cyclones along the LC periphery. C1 [Shay, Lynn K.; Jaimes, Benjamin; Brewster, Jodi K.; Meyers, Patrick; McCaskill, E. Claire] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Halliwell, George R., Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hogan, Patrick] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric; Marks, Frank] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] QinetiQ N Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shay, LK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nshay@rsmas.miami.edu RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Jaimes, Benjamin/0000-0002-5286-0972 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP 131 EP 151 DI 10.1029/2011GM001101 D2 10.1029/GM195 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700013 ER PT S AU Ancona, MG Binari, SC Meyer, D AF Ancona, M. G. Binari, S. C. Meyer, D. BA Wetzel, C Khan, A BF Wetzel, C Khan, A TI Fully-coupled electromechanical analysis of stress-related failure in GaN HEMTs SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 7-8 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN)/Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium N/Symposium H CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Tampa, FL SP European Mat Res Soc (EMRS) DE GaN; HEMT; electromechanics; stress; piezoelectric; reliability ID TRANSISTORS AB A multi-dimensional model for simulating the electromechanics of GaN HEMTs under bias is presented and illustrated. The model's equations are those of linear electroelasticity and diffusion-drift transport with full coupling of all variables included. The important benefit of not being restricted to one-dimension is that these simulations capture various field/stress concentrations that occur especially near corners. To illustrate the simulation tool, we discuss the potential importance of electron injection, the inverse piezoelectric effect, and SiN intrinsic stress in triggering electrical and mechanical failure. Among other things, we argue that stress concentration makes it likely that cracks, once initiated, will propagate and fracture the AlGaN barrier. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Ancona, M. G.; Binari, S. C.; Meyer, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7-8 DI 10.1002/pssc.201001056 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG94 UT WOS:000301581500085 ER PT S AU Deen, D Storm, D Meyer, D Katzer, DS Bass, R Binari, S Gougousi, T AF Deen, David Storm, David Meyer, David Katzer, D. Scott Bass, Robert Binari, Steven Gougousi, Theodosia BA Wetzel, C Khan, A BF Wetzel, C Khan, A TI AlN/GaN HEMTs with high-kappa ALD HfO2 or Ta2O5 gate insulation SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 7-8 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN)/Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium N/Symposium H CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Tampa, FL SP European Mat Res Soc (EMRS) DE HEMT; atomic layer deposition; Ta2O5; HfO2 AB AlN/GaN Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) have been grown and fabricated which utilize a 6 nm thick atomic layer deposited film of either Ta2O5 or HfO2 for gate insulation. Drain, transfer, and gate current characteristics are compared between both structures, showing a measurable difference in threshold voltage and transconductance. The cause is highlighted by the results of capacitance-voltage analysis which showed 10 MHz dielectric constants of 8.7 and 11.7 for the HfO2 and Ta2O5 films, respectively. Furthermore, interface trap state density was extracted by Terman's method and compared between films. HEMT small signal frequency performance was representative of the different sub-micron gate lengths. Consideration of the compared electrical results suggests that at this stage in ALD development, Ta2O5 appears better suited for gate insulation of AlN/GaN HEMTs. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Deen, David; Storm, David; Meyer, David; Katzer, D. Scott; Bass, Robert; Binari, Steven] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gougousi, Theodosia] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Deen, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.deen@nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 FU Officeof Naval Research; NSF [DMR 0846445] FX This work was supported by the Officeof Naval Research. The ALD work at UMBC was supported in part by NSF (DMR 0846445). NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7-8 DI 10.1002/pssc.201001071 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG94 UT WOS:000301581500129 ER PT S AU Nepal, N Frajtag, P Zavada, JM El-Masry, NA Bedair, SM AF Nepal, N. Frajtag, P. Zavada, J. M. El-Masry, N. A. Bedair, S. M. BA Wetzel, C Khan, A BF Wetzel, C Khan, A TI Light emitting diodes based on sidewall m-plane epitaxy of etched GaN/sapphire templates SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 7-8 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN)/Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium N/Symposium H CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Tampa, FL SP European Mat Res Soc (EMRS) DE GaN; sidewall epitaxy; semi-polar plane; sidewall LEDs ID QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; FIELDS; GREEN AB Light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on the etched m-plane of c-plane GaN/sapphire templates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The LEDs, with InxGa1-xN/GaN quantum wells (QWs), were studied and current-voltage measurements show p-n diode behavior. TEM image analysis established that the QWs are on the {1 (1) over bar 01} sidewall semi-polar plane. Electroluminescence measurements on the fabricated LEDs display an emission peak at 487 nm, with a blue shift of only 4 nm on increasing injected current density from 0.3 to 100 A/cm(2). The demonstrated sidewall approach significantly reduces the quantum confined Stark Effect found in QWs grown on c-plane substrates. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Nepal, N.; Zavada, J. M.; Bedair, S. M.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Frajtag, P.; El-Masry, N. A.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nepal, N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Bedair, SM (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bedair@ncsu.edu FU United State Army Research Office FX Dr. N. Nepal is a former fellow of the NRC-ARO Postdoctoral Associateship Program. The work is supported by the United State Army Research Office. Authors would like to acknowledge Mr. A. Hosalli for his help in electrical measurements. NEM and JMZ acknowledge support from NSF under the IR&D programs. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7-8 DI 10.1002/pssc.201000983 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG94 UT WOS:000301581500108 ER PT S AU Tadjer, MJ Horcajo, SM Anderson, TJ Cuerdo, R Hobart, KD Calle, F AF Tadjer, Marko J. Martin Horcajo, Sara Anderson, Travis J. Cuerdo, Roberto Hobart, Karl D. Calle, Fernando BA Wetzel, C Khan, A BF Wetzel, C Khan, A TI Temperature and time dependent threshold voltage characterization of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 7-8 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN)/Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium N/Symposium H CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Tampa, FL SP European Mat Res Soc (EMRS) DE AlGaN/GaN; enhancement mode; fluorine; plasma; ion implantation; threshold voltage ID HEMTS AB High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure were fabricated with treatments of either CF4 plasma or F-19(+) implantation prior to gate deposition. The post-treatment threshold voltage V-T was shifted positively from -4.06 V to 0.25 V and -0.34 V, respectively. Subsequent 400 degrees C, up to 10 min furnace annealing increased the transconductance g(m) in both samples, leading to a two order of magnitude increase in drain current density. The implanted sample improved its V-T to -0.16 V, whereas the V-T of the CF4 plasma-treated one reverted to -1.95 V. Annealing a commercial power HEMT (EPC1012, Efficient Power Conversion Corp.) under identical conditions resulted in stable V-T within 1.4% (V-T,V- Rated = 1.4 V). As the ambient temperature was increased to 150 degrees C, V-T of our samples remained within 10% of the room-temperature values. Reliability stress measurements were performed by applying a V-STRESS of +/-1 V or +/-2 V for up to 10 minutes. V-T of EPC HEMTs increased with temperature and stress polarity, but remained close to specification up to the maximum rated temperature (125 C). (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.; Martin Horcajo, Sara; Cuerdo, Roberto; Calle, Fernando] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Syst Based Optoelect & Microtechnol ISOM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Anderson, Travis J.; Hobart, Karl D.] Naval Res Lab, Power Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Syst Based Optoelect & Microtechnol ISOM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM mtadjer@die.upm.es OI CALLE GOMEZ, FERNANDO/0000-0001-7869-6704 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [RUE (CSD2009-00046)]; AEGaN FX The authors would like to acknowledge the following ISOM-UPM staff: Ms. Maria del Carmen Sabido Siller and Mr. David Lopez-Romero for device processing, and Dr. Fatima Romero and Dr. Elias Munoz Merino for insightful discussions. M. J. T. acknowledges Dr. Fritz Kub (NRL) for the collaborative efforts. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under projects Consolider RUE (CSD2009-00046) and AEGaN NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7-8 DI 10.1002/pssc.201001102 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG94 UT WOS:000301581500071 ER PT S AU Oran, ES AF Oran, E. S. BE Li, J Fu, S TI Stochasticity and Dynamics of High-Speed Reactive Flows SO RECENT PROGRESSES IN FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLUID MECHANICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2011 CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech (CSTAM), Sun Yat-Sen Univ (SYSU), Gesellschaft Angewandte Mathematik & Mechanik (GAMM), U S Natl Comm Biomech (NCB US), Engn Mech Inst/ASCE (EMI/ASCE), Appl Mech Div/ASME (AMD/ASME), Japan Soc Mech Engn (JSME), Japan Soc Fluid Mech (JSFM), Int Assoc Hydraul Res (IAHR), K C Wong Educ Fdn, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Inst Mech, Chinese Acad Sci (IMECH CAS), Hong Kong Soc Theoret & Appl Mech (HKSTAM), Guangdong Soc Theoret & Appl Mech (GDSTAM), S China Univ Technol (SCUT), S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Chinese Acad Sci (SCSIOCAS), Guangzhou Inst Energy Convers, Chinese Acad Sci (GZIECCAS) DE turbulence; flame-turbulence interactions; deflagrations; deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; FLAME ACCELERATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HOT-SPOTS; DEFLAGRATION; DDT; EXPLOSIONS; MECHANISM; CHANNELS AB This paper uses selected results from compressible multidimensional reactive-flow simulations to show how flame acceleration and possible deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) evolve in spatially confined system. The approach is to describe the evolution of hydrogen-air flames in relatively small channels (order of centimeters) from the very early stages, just after ignition, through to the formation of a turbulent flame, and then to the development of shocks. Shock-flame interactions are responsible for the development of a shock-flame complex that propagates at a relatively steady speed of half of the Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity. DDT arises from to the development of "hot spots," or gradients of reactivity. The system is an example of one controlled by multiple stochastic processes, turbulence and hot-spot formation, and in this cases, the turbulence is non-Kolmogorov, nonequilibrium, and can not be fully described by the terms of classical turbulence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oran, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM elaine.oran@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0936-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1376 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BZM71 UT WOS:000302054700007 ER PT J AU Hough, JJ AF Hough, Jeffrey J. TI THE GOLD MEDAL AWARD SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Hough, Jeffrey J.] USN, CISD, Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock NSWC CD, Keedysville, MD 21756 USA. [Hough, Jeffrey J.] Future Concepts & Surface Ship Design Grp, Future Fleet & Force Concepts Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Hough, JJ (reprint author), USN, CISD, Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock NSWC CD, Keedysville, MD 21756 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 4 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2012.00350.x PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 909OJ UT WOS:000301573700002 ER PT J AU Flynn, CL AF Flynn, Craig L. TI THE FRANK C. JONES AWARD SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Flynn, Craig L.] USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Flynn, Craig L.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. RP Flynn, CL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, New London, CT 06320 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 4 BP 20 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2012.00350_5.x PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 909OJ UT WOS:000301573700007 ER PT J AU Kadmiri, MM AF Kadmiri, Monique M. TI THE ROSENBLATT YOUNG NAVAL ENGINEER AWARD SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Kadmiri, Monique M.] USN, Sea Syst Command NAVSEA, New In Serv Ship Design Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kadmiri, Monique M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 4 BP 27 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2012.00350_8.x PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 909OJ UT WOS:000301573700010 ER PT J AU Millar, RC Olwell, DH AF Millar, Richard C. Olwell, David H. TI Parametric Models for Aircraft Engine Removals Resulting from Foreign Object Damage SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An earlier nonparametric statistical study of GE F414 engine removals from operational F/A-18 aircraft in US Navy service provided insights into the lifetime patterns of engine removals for various causes. Inspection of the estimated hazard function for engine removals for foreign object damage (FOD) suggested that a parametric analysis using Erlang distributions might be fruitful, bolstered by a hypothesized relevance to the maintenance procedures governing engine removals for this cause, and their outcomes. The objective was both a better model to forecast engine removals and to provide insight into the number of FOD incidents it took to drive an engine removal. Gamma and Erlang distributions did better fit the removals data and provide a tool for predicting engine removals, aircraft availability impact, and the resultant maintenance workload. A parametric model using a cascade of Erlang functions was developed to simulate the combined FOD/line maintenance process, which provides insight into the outcomes expected under reasonable simplifying assumptions. This model predicts that the key research issue, the probability that a typical FOD event prompts a removal, cannot be estimated from engine removals data alone. Field data must be collected to gain understanding of the underlying frequency of FOD and the utility of the present inspection criteria. C1 [Millar, Richard C.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Millar, RC (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 4 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2011.00337.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 909OJ UT WOS:000301573700017 ER PT S AU Wisher, RA AF Wisher, Robert A. BE Frunzeti, T Popescu, V Jugureanu, R Stefan, V Radu, C TI ADL: FOUNDATIONS FOR GLOBAL E-LEARNING INTEROPERABILITY SO ANYWHERE, ANYTIME - EDUCATION ON DEMAND, VOL I SE eLearning and Software for Education LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA DE ADL elearning interoperability; training; military education AB The lack of interoperability in the early years of application hindered a deeper penetration of technology into the world of learning. The ADL Initiative has grown from a concept in 1997 to a global undertaking for interoperability. An unexpected consequence is the extent of global adoption of the ADL approach by other governments, for military as well as civilian training and education. C1 [Wisher, Robert A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM robert.wisher@adlnet.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITURA UNIVERSITARA PI BUCHAREST PA BD NICOLAE BALCESCU NO 27-33, BUCHAREST, 00000, ROMANIA SN 2066-026X J9 ELEARN SOFTW EDUC PY 2011 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BYQ77 UT WOS:000299797400004 ER PT S AU Hamlington, PE Krasnov, D Boeck, T Schumacher, J AF Hamlington, P. E. Krasnov, D. Boeck, T. Schumacher, J. GP IOP TI Dissipation-scale fluctuations in the inner region of turbulent channel flow SO 13TH EUROPEAN TURBULENCE CONFERENCE (ETC13): STATISTICAL ASPECTS, MODELLING AND SIMULATIONS OF TURBULENCE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Turbulence Conference (ETC) CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, POLAND HO Univ Warsaw AB The statistics of intense energy dissipation events in wall-bounded shear flows are studied using highly resolved direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow at three different friction Reynolds numbers. Distributions of the energy dissipation rate and local dissipation scales are computed at various distances from the channel walls, with an emphasis on the behavior of the statistics in the near-wall region. The dependence of characteristic mean and local dissipation scales on wall distance is also examined over the full channel height. Systematic variations in these statistics are found close to the walls due to the anisotropy generated by mean shear and coherent vortical structures. Results near the channel centerline are consistent with those found in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. C1 [Hamlington, P. E.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamlington, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peterh@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; dmitry.krasnov@tu-ilmenau.de; thomas.boeck@tu-ilmenau.de; joerg.schumacher@tu-ilmenau.de RI Boeck, Thomas/C-2188-2017 OI Boeck, Thomas/0000-0002-0814-7432 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 318 AR 042019 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/318/4/042019 PG 5 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Mechanics; Physics; Mathematics GA BZF17 UT WOS:000301304500019 ER PT S AU Seigenthaler, T Weatherford, T Porterl, M AF Seigenthaler, T. Weatherford, T. Porterl, M. GP IEEE TI TCAD-Based Failure Analysis and Modeling of Pit Formation in GaN HEMTs SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report (IIRW) CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Stanford Univ, Univ California Berkeley, IEEE AB High field DC life testing of Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) has shown that degradation of the devices leads to the formation of morphological pits near the gate edges of the device, which have been proposed to be a cause of drain current collapse and threshold voltage shift. In order to test various proposed physical mechanisms of pit formation in GaN HEMTs, we have utilized the Silvaco ATLAS (c), ATHENA (c) and DevEdit (c) TCAD software packages to create a model of pit formation in the AIGaN layer corresponding to experimental observations. The model allows for multiple theories of pit formation to be tested by correlating progressive expansion of the pit area with quantities such as vertical electric field magnitude and thermal gradients. Utilizing vertical electric field as the impetus for pit formation, along with a set pit growth rate of 10 angstrom/iteration, the simulation shows complete drain current collapse in three iterations, corresponding to 7x10(3) hours of DC stress based on experimentally observed square-root growth of the pit area with time. Suggestions for further uses of the model for investigation of pit formation in GaN HEMTs are discussed in the conclusion. C1 [Seigenthaler, T.; Weatherford, T.; Porterl, M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Code EC WT, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Seigenthaler, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code EC WT, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4577-0115-3 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2011 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYV54 UT WOS:000300607100027 ER PT S AU Brunton, J Yamada, T Weatherford, T AF Brunton, J. Yamada, T. Weatherford, T. GP IEEE TI TCAD Analysis of Breakdown During Voltage Sweep in a Carbon Nanofiber (CNF) Interconnect SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report (IIRW) CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Stanford Univ, Univ California Berkeley, IEEE C1 [Brunton, J.; Weatherford, T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Code EC WT, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Yamada, T.] Santa Clara Univ, Sch Engn Santa Clara, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. RP Brunton, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code EC WT, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4577-0115-3 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2011 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYV54 UT WOS:000300607100032 ER PT J AU Sakarya, FA Nagel, GS Tran, LH Molnar, JA AF Sakarya, F. Ayhan Nagel, George S. Tran, Lan H. Molnar, Joseph A. GP IEEE TI Wideband Compressed Sensing for Cognitive Radios SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE compressed sensing; compressive sensing; cognitive radio(CR); dynamic spectrum access (DSA); dynamic spectrum management; universal software radio peripheral (USRP); GNU radio companion (GRC); regularized orthogonal matching pursuit (ROMP); basis pursuit (BP); primal dual (PD); spectral projected-gradient (SPG) AB Efficient utilization of spectral bands in a dynamic environment with a continuously changing occupation rate is challenging. Static spectral allocations preclude the use of unoccupied spectrum, unless the spectrum manager has released the allocation to another mission. Standard spectral sensing techniques employ swept narrowband receivers. While effective in creating a composite, these techniques are ineffective at identifying short duration signals. Real-time spectral analysis techniques are effective at capturing short duration transmissions, but usually have narrow band capabilities, limited dynamic range and are relatively expensive. Timely accurate sensing of wide spectral band using traditional spectral estimations at the Nyquist rate (or higher) is another challenge due to the high data rate. Compressed sensing (CS) techniques utilize signal-to-information rate processing when signals are sparse in a specific domain. Dynamic spectrum access (often considered a critical component of a cognitive radio (CR)) can reutilize temporally unoccupied spectrum. An accurate estimate of the current state of spectral occupancy is critical to the autonomous decision processes involved in dynamic spectrum access. From this perspective, CS is being studied as an enhancement to dynamic spectrum access strategies. This study addresses feasibility issues for the development of autonomous CS-CR systems that are capable of performing spectrum sensing and recovery without a priori information about the spectral occupancy. Since recovery requires computationally intense non-linear optimization, we perform a single platform trade study on CS methodologies (BP-PD, BP-SPG, ROMP, Edge Detection, and Sequential Recovery) for efficient wideband recovery relative to execution time and reconstruction error. We propose adaptive coarse detection, and exact recovery based on adaptive edge detection. We present the results using continuous waves and pulses (MATLAB or GRC generated, or USRP measured), and show favorable conditions for BP-PD, BP-SPG, ROMP, adaptive recovery performance, and discuss potential for application of CS in a CR architecture. C1 [Sakarya, F. Ayhan; Tran, Lan H.; Molnar, Joseph A.] USN, Res Lab, Networks & Commun Syst Branch, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nagel, George S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sakarya, FA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Networks & Commun Syst Branch, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500006 ER PT J AU Jarvis, L McEachen, J Loomis, H AF Jarvis, Leslie McEachen, John Loomis, Herschel GP IEEE TI Geolocation of LTE Subscriber Stations Based on the Timing Advance Ranging Parameter SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Long Term Evolution (LTE); geolocation; ranging AB This paper investigates geolocating a Long Term Evolution (LTE) subscriber station based on the timing advance ranging parameter within the network signal internals. The basic approach to geolocation based on radial distances from multiple base stations is outlined. Specifics of the timing parameters used during LTE network entry are examined as they relate to calculating these distances. Computer simulation is used to demonstrate expected geolocation accuracy in multiple base station networks when estimating likely locations of subscriber stations on a two-dimensional coordinate mapping system. Computer simulation is further refined to demonstrate expected geolocation accuracy in multiple base station networks when estimating likely locations of subscriber stations on a three-dimensional coordinate mapping scheme. Results show the possibility of fixes with ten times greater accuracy than in previous results in the literature when applying timing advance techniques to Global System for Mobile communications networks when using a two-dimensional coordinate mapping scheme, and accuracy approaching fifty centimeters when using a three-dimensional coordinate mapping scheme, accuracy that is comparable to the accuracy in Global Positioning System technologies. C1 [Jarvis, Leslie] USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. [McEachen, John; Loomis, Herschel] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jarvis, L (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM mceachen@nps.edu; loomis@nps.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 180 EP 187 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500032 ER PT J AU Islam, MN Mandayam, N Kompella, S AF Islam, Muhammad Nazmul Mandayam, Narayan Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI Optimal Resource Allocation in a Bandwidth Exchange Enabled Relay Network SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Radio Resource Management; Incentivized Forwarding; Relay Network; Convex Optimization ID AD HOC NETWORKS; WIRELESS NETWORKS; COOPERATION; STRATEGIES; DIVERSITY AB We investigate an incentive mechanism called Bandwidth Exchange (BE) for cooperative forwarding where transmission bandwidth is used as a flexible resource. We focus on a network where two nodes, communicating with the base station (BS) / access point (AP), initially get optimal amount of bandwidth based on direct path transmission and then use their individual bandwidths as flexible incentives for two hop relaying. In our proposed scenario, the forwarder node sends its own data along with the data of the sender in exchange for additional transmission bandwidth, provided by the sender. We compare the performance of the proposed mechanism with optimal bandwidth and power allocation based direct transmission. We use sum rate, max-min rate and min-max power as the evaluation criteria and prove the convex/concave nature of the optimization problem formulations. Our numerical analysis shows that the BE based cooperative forwarding extends the coverage in wireless networks when the far node falls in outage under direct transmission. Further, BE significantly improves the max-min rate and min-max power performance of the network. C1 [Islam, Muhammad Nazmul; Mandayam, Narayan] Rutgers State Univ, WINLAB, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Islam, MN (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, WINLAB, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM mnislam@winlab.rutgers.edu; narayan@winlab.rutgers.edu; sk@ieee.org FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0132] FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-11-1-0132. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 242 EP 247 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500042 ER PT J AU Kao, CH Robertson, C AF Kao, Chi-Han Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI An Improved Link-16/JTIDS Receiver in Pulsed-Noise Interference SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Errors-and-erasures decoding; Joint Tactical Information Distribution System; Link-16; noise-normalization combining; pulsed-noise interference AB Link-16 provides presumably secure and jam-resistant tactical information for land, sea, and air platforms. Its communication terminal, Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), is a hybrid direct-sequence/frequency-hopping spread spectrum system and features Reed-Solomon (RS) codes for channel coding, cyclic code-shift keying (CCSK) for 32-ary baseband symbol modulation, and minimum-shift keying (MSK) for waveform modulation. In this paper, a noise-normalization combining MSK chip demodulator and an errors-and-erasures RS decoder (EED) are proposed in the JTIDS receiver to replace the original MSK chip demodulator and errors-only RS decoder in order to enhance the anti-jam capability of JTIDS. The symbol error rate (SER) performances of the proposed JTIDS receiver are investigated in pulsed-noise interference (PNI) by a combination of analysis and simulation assuming perfect frequency de-hopping, sequence and chip synchronization, and de-scrambling. Given various fraction of time the jammer is on, the SER performances obtained with the proposed JTIDS receiver are compared to those obtained with the original JTIDS receiver. The results show that the proposed JTIDS receiver not only significantly outperforms the original system as the fraction of time the jammer is on is large, but completely eliminates the effect caused by PNI as the fraction of time the jammer is on is small. C1 [Kao, Chi-Han] ROC Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Robertson, Clark] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kao, CH (reprint author), ROC Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500059 ER PT J AU Kam, C Kompella, S Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A Jiang, ZH AF Kam, Clement Kompella, Sastry Nguyen, Gam D. Ephremides, Anthony Jiang, Zaihan GP IEEE TI Impact of Relay Placement on Energy Efficiency in Underwater Acoustic Networks SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB In spite of the body of work in modeling the underwater channel, there is still considerable lack of fundamental understanding that is required to enable the widespread deployment of Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs). In this paper we study one such aspect, namely the impact of relay placement on the overall transmit power required to maintain a certain quality of communication between two nodes, in a multi-hop underwater line network. We start by analyzing a simple case involving one relay and a common signal frequency over all hops. We then extend the analysis to include different signal frequencies over different hops. Specifically, in each case, we find through analysis and numerical evaluation the optimal relay placement that minimizes total transmit power, thereby improving energy efficiency. We observe that the optimal relay locations are not always equidistant, especially when each hop can choose from a set of signal frequencies for transmission. C1 [Kam, Clement; Kompella, Sastry; Nguyen, Gam D.] USN, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jiang, Zaihan] Naval Res Lab, Div Acoust, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kam, C (reprint author), USN, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 424 EP 429 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500073 ER PT J AU Nguyen, GD Wieselthier, JE Kompella, S Ephremides, A AF Nguyen, Gam D. Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Kompella, Sastry Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI TRANSMISSION STRATEGIES FOR SINGLE-DESTINATION WIRELESS NETWORKS SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID PACKET RADIO NETWORKS; SENSE MULTIPLE-ACCESS; CHANNELS AB We consider the media-access control problem for nodes with heavy traffic in single-destination wireless networks. We assume that each source transmits in each time slot according to a transmission probability, which is a continuous value between 0 and 1. Our goal is to determine the values of the transmission probabilities so that the network throughput is maximized. In this paper, we show that the maximum throughput is achieved only if these values are either 0 or 1. We obtain closed-form results for optimal throughput for networks that operate under a homogenous situation in which the expected value of the received power at the destination is the same for each source. We then extend our studies to more general networks, which rely on exhaustive search for the optimal set of transmissions. The search has exponential complexity and is feasible only for networks with small or moderate sizes. Thus, we also develop heuristic algorithms, which have polynomial-time complexity and are suitable for large and general networks. C1 [Nguyen, Gam D.; Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500083 ER PT J AU Spyridis, K Robertson, C AF Spyridis, Konstantinos Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance Simulation and Analysis of M-ary Frequency-Shift Keying with Reed Solomon Encoding, Noncoherent Demodulation, and Hybrid Soft-Decision Hard Decision Decoding SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE forward error correction coding; reliability information matrix; hard decision decoding; soft decision decoding; orthogonal signaling; noncoherent demodulation ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; CODES; COMMUNICATION AB Hybrid hard decision-soft decision (HD SD) decoding is a novel decoding technique for Reed Solomon (RS) codes. HD SD decoding utilizes traditional hard decision RS decoding where the received block is either decoded correctly or a decoding failure exists. In the event of a decoding failure, channel reliability information is used to identify received code symbols with a low probability of being correctly received and to generate new code symbol estimates that are used in the traditional RS decoding algorithm. HD SD RS decoding was developed for use with bandwidth efficient modulation schemes such as M-ary phase-shift keying). Since many communication systems use orthogonal modulation schemes such as M-ary frequency-shift keying (MFSK) for more robust communication links, this paper presents the performance simulation and analysis of MFSK with RS encoding, hybrid HD SD decoding, and noncoherent demodulation. In addition to AWGN, the effects of pulse-noise interference (PNI) are considered. An interesting result is that hybrid HD SD decoding has better performance and error correction capability than either traditional HD decoding or other RS SD techniques that have been examined in the literature, especially when PNI is present. C1 [Spyridis, Konstantinos; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Spyridis, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 610 EP 615 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500105 ER PT J AU Dean, J Claypool, D Macker, JP AF Dean, Justin Claypool, David Macker, Joseph P. GP IEEE TI Temporally Robust Relay Sets for Mobile Wireless Networks SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Existing relay set election algorithms used for self-organizing mobile ad hoc network (MANET) [I] routing control and data forwarding are often designed to continuously minimize the relay set at topological snapshots in time. Due to errors in wireless link sensing and the potential for significant neighbor adjacency fluctuation, present distributed relay set. election algorithms can cause significant reelection churn for a unicast or multicast routing protocol since the algorithm is attempting to optimize the relay set for each topological instance. This paper illustrates an investigation of improvements in temporal robustness by minimizing reelection churn caused by these algorithms. In this paper several existing relay set election algorithms are compared. This includes presentation of performance results in time when undergoing increasing congestion and dynamics due to mobility. Simple techniques designed to improve the temporal stability of the relay set population undergoing significant dynamics are presented and tested. Initial results from modeling demonstrating that temporal robustness improvement to these algorithms is achievable and that more work is needed to understand the tradeoffs, such as the additional network overhead required to achieve stability and the effect of different styles of link fluctuation and topological dynamics. C1 [Dean, Justin; Claypool, David; Macker, Joseph P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.dean@nrl.navy.mil; david.claypool@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 655 EP 660 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500112 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Shi, Y Hou, YT Kompella, S Midkiff, SF AF Sharma, Sushant Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry Midkiff, Scott F. GP IEEE TI Optimal Grouping and Matching for Network-Coded Cooperative Communications SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Cooperative communications; network coding; grouping; node selection; matching; optimization ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; RELAY NETWORKS; DIVERSITY AB Network-coded cooperative communications (NCCC) is a new advance in wireless networking that exploits network coding (NC) to improve the performance of cooperative communications (CC). However, there remains very limited understanding of this new hybrid technology, particularly at the link layer and above. This paper fills in this gap by studying a network optimization problem that requires joint optimization of session grouping, relay node grouping, and matching of session/relay groups. After showing that this problem is NP-hard, we present a polynomial time heuristic algorithm to this problem. Using simulation results, we show that our algorithm is highly competitive and can produce near-optimal results. C1 [Sharma, Sushant] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas; Midkiff, Scott F.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Midkiff, Scott/0000-0003-4933-7360 FU NSF [CNS-1064953]; ONR FX The work of Y.T. Hou, S.F. Midkiff, S. Sharma, and Y. Shi was supported in part by NSF under Grant CNS-1064953. The work of S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 722 EP 728 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500123 ER PT J AU Scott, K Refaei, T Trivedi, N Trinh, J Macker, JP AF Scott, Keith Refaei, Tamer Trivedi, Nirav Trinh, Jenny Macker, Joseph P. GP IEEE TI Robust Communications for Disconnected, Intermittent, Low-Bandwidth (DIL) Environments SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE DIL; SMF; NORM; DTN AB Battlefield communications can be disrupted by a number of factors including environmental constraints, wireless dynamics and mobility, and both intentional and non-intentional interference. Robust, reliable, and efficient mechanisms are needed in such environments to ensure that critical data is delivered in the face of disruptions, intermittent connectivity, and low-bandwidth (DIL). In this paper, we examine a tiered approach to providing reliable communication in DIL environments. We model a tactical network scenario in which nodes in a low bandwidth loosely-connected ad-hoc network periodically send position/location information (PLI) messages to a shore base station. We utilize this scenario to quantify the differences in performance between a number of layered approaches that utilize mechanisms such as the Simplified Multicast Forwarding (SMF) protocol, the NACK-oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM), and Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) in mitigating the challenges of DIL environments. Our evaluation of the layered approaches considers metrics relevant to two broad classes of data: 'ephemeral' and 'persistent': ephemeral data (e. g. instantaneous position-location information of a node) has a relatively short lifetime and older data is obviated by newer data; by contrast, persistent data (e. g. exact mobility track of a node) has a longer useful lifetime and is not obviated by newer data. We examine the latency and staleness for ephemeral data and the message delivery ratio for persistent data. Our results show that SMF at the IP layer provides robust delivery to a single connected component of the network whereas NACKing and retransmission by NORM addresses short disruptions. For long-term disruptions, a DTN gossiping (i.e. anti-entropy) router can effectively bridge the gap between disconnected components. Our evaluation leverages the Common Open Research Emulator (CORE) tool and the mobility scripting tools from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). C1 [Scott, Keith; Refaei, Tamer; Trivedi, Nirav; Trinh, Jenny] Mitre Corp, Commun Network Engn & Anal Dept, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Macker, Joseph P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scott, K (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Commun Network Engn & Anal Dept, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM kscott@mitre.org; mrefaei@mitre.org; ntrivedi@mitre.org; jtrinh@mitre.org; joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1009 EP 1014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500170 ER PT J AU Phillips, B Tummala, M McEachen, JC AF Phillips, Brian Tummala, Murali McEachen, John C. GP IEEE TI State Based Multiple Channel Selection in Multi-Channel Wireless Networks SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Multi-channel wireless networks; ad hoc networks; channel selection; state based; wireless networks AB In this paper, we present an innovative scheme to favor the selection of M out of N available high-performing channels in multi-channel wireless networks through the application of states to individual channels. One channel selection scheme is random selection, which can lead to poor network performance when one or more data channels are disadvantaged. This is due to the inability of random selection to discriminate between high performing and disadvantaged channels. The novel proposed channel selection scheme is shown to perform nearly as well as the highest performing of N channels when one or more channels are disadvantaged. We develop a Markov-chain-based theoretical model and then present simulation results validating a significant performance increase of the proposed channel selection scheme. C1 [Phillips, Brian; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Phillips, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bephilli@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1061 EP 1066 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500178 ER PT J AU Huchton, S Xie, G Beverly, R AF Huchton, Scott Xie, Geoffrey Beverly, Robert GP IEEE TI Building and Evaluating a k-Resilient Mobile Distributed File System Resistant to Device Compromise SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Deploying mobile devices to frontline troops presents many potential benefits, e. g. situational awareness, enhanced communication capabilities, etc. However, security remains an impediment to realizing such capability. In this research, we develop and evaluate an approach to securing the non-volatile storage of a collection of mobile devices. Our technique relies on well-established cryptographic primitives, combining them in a unique way to meet military mission specific security and resiliency requirements. Specifically, we create MDFS, a distributed mobile file system using erasure coding, Shamir's threshold secret sharing, and the symmetric AES block cipher. The resulting system provides two important properties: (1) data at rest is protected even after total compromise of up to k devices, and (2) data is replicated within an infrastuctureless ad hoc network and, as such, resilient to device outages. We implement MDFS on Android mobile devices and achieve similar or equal to 10Mbps throughput in real-world performance experiments, suggesting that MDFS is suitable for a variety of practical workloads. C1 [Huchton, Scott; Xie, Geoffrey; Beverly, Robert] USN, Dept Comp Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Huchton, S (reprint author), USN, Dept Comp Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM sthuchto@nps.edu; xie@nps.edu; rbeverly@nps.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1315 EP 1320 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500220 ER PT J AU Luo, J Kang, M AF Luo, Jim Kang, Myong GP IEEE TI Risk Based Mobile Access Control (RiBMAC) Policy Framework SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE mobility; security; tactical; access control AB Mobile devices are increasingly being deployed by enterprises, governments, and the military. Protecting sensitive data that will invariably reside on them is critical. Mobile devices cannot be protected by physical security the same way as stationary systems. Therefore, they must deploy strong internal protection mechanisms for access control. Policies for access control must be driven by context and risk in the environmental in which they operate. This is inherently different from traditional policy models that focus on the multi-user access control. We propose the Risk Based Mobile Access Control (RiBMAC) policy framework for mobile device access control. It uses risk factor abstractions to break down the complexity in the specification, management and evaluation of risk based policies. Its agent-centric approach can effectively integrate a large number of onboard sensors and risk assessment components in different hardware and operational configurations. RiBMAC is a simple yet powerful policy framework that is expressive, practical and scalable. RiBMAC, in conjunction with the appropriate enforcement mechanisms, can greatly improve security for tactical mobile devices. C1 [Luo, Jim; Kang, Myong] USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jim.Luo@nrl.navy.mil; Myong.Kang@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1448 EP 1453 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500243 ER PT J AU Macker, J Taylor, I AF Macker, Joseph Taylor, Ian GP IEEE TI INDI: Adapting the Multicast DNS Service Discovery Infrastructure in Mobile Wireless Networks SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Service-based discovery mechanisms for dynamic mobile ad-hoc and mesh networks require additional robustness and performance features beyond present practices. However, leveraging existing standards and application service interfaces where possible will aid in wider deployment. To achieve the latter, supporting standardized protocols is desirable, but present approaches focus on fixed Internet use and do not provide solutions suitable for self-organizing wireless architectures. We have previously reported on the merits of different profiles (proactive, reactive and opportunistic caching), the use of limited multi-hop multicast, and information exchange reduction to improve service discovery in wireless ad hoc environments, using our Independent Network Discovery Interface (INDI) discovery system. In this paper, we describe the integration of INDI functionality with an already widely deployed localized service discovery method, multicast DNS (mDNS). We show resulting INDI interoperability with mDNS and compare and contrast the underlying approaches, through the use of networking tools, to provide empirical evidence illustrating the advantages of INDI-mDNS, when applied in a MANET context. C1 [Macker, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taylor, Ian] Cardiff Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Macker, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil; Ian.J.Taylor@cs.cardiff.ac.uk FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) Service Oriented Networks Operating in MANET (SONOMA); Groupwise Tactical Edge networking (GTEN); Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (OASD) FX INDI work has been funded in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Service Oriented Networks Operating in MANET (SONOMA) project. Work in developing mDNS interpoperability has been supported in part by the Groupwise Tactical Edge networking (GTEN) effort under Networks Programs within the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (OASD), Research and Engineering. The authors wish like to thank Brian Adamson for his advice and SMF implementation used as an experimentation tool. We would also like to thank Andrew Harrison and Justin Dean for their work on the initial INDI implementation and experimentation efforts. Finally, we would like to thank the JmDNS team, and in particular, Pierre Frisch, who provided insight, guidance and exposed the timing interfaces for JmDNS tasks that made this work possible. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1616 EP 1621 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500271 ER PT J AU Rickenbach, B Griffin, P Rush, J Flanagan, J Adamson, B Macker, J AF Rickenbach, Brent Griffin, Peter Rush, Jason Flanagan, John Adamson, Brian Macker, Joseph GP IEEE TI Adaptive Data Delivery Over Disadvantaged, Dynamic Networks SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Most applications and network protocols are designed under the assumption of a stable and consistent physical network infrastructure. However, the communications infrastructures of most military tactical networks are dynamic and dependent on mission CONOPS and network topology. Further, they are highly variable in their capabilities from one data link to the next. Consequently, it is difficult for standard applications and services to maintain reliable quality of service when transiting to a dynamic tactical network, or crossing the borders between different classes of military networks. Ultimately, this lack of network awareness impacts the quality and timeliness of actionable intelligence delivered to the warfighter. General Dynamics and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have collaborated on efforts to improve the reliable delivery of live video data across these disadvantaged tactical networks. We address the development of a network-aware video server, which senses network characteristics and dynamically transcodes video to meet the capacity of network between the server and clients. End-to-end network characteristics are required to drive the video transcoder. These network attributes can either be derived from software methods by analyzing the network protocol, or using specialized network hardware (e.g. tactical radios, routers, or QoS devices). For this effort end-to-end network awareness was collected from the NACK- Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) [1] protocol operation. Hooks in the NORM protocol provide a network information service with access to path bandwidth, delay, and lost packets. The video server uses the network information service to adapt the video by adjusting frame size, frame rate, and compression according to current network conditions to deliver the video with minimal delay. A comparison of how video is streamed over enterprise networks and the improved delivery methods made by General Dynamics and NRL for tactical networks is presented. C1 [Rickenbach, Brent; Griffin, Peter; Rush, Jason; Flanagan, John] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Bloomington, MN USA. [Adamson, Brian; Macker, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Rickenbach, B (reprint author), Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Bloomington, MN USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1628 EP 1632 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500273 ER PT J AU Lass, RN Nguyen, DN Millar, DW Regli, WC Macker, J Adamson, RB AF Lass, Robert N. Nguyen, Duc N. Millar, David W. Regli, William C. Macker, Joseph Adamson, R. Brian GP IEEE TI An Evaluation of Serverless Group Chat SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB This paper presents empirical analysis of serverless, multi-user chat in multicast-capable tactical environments. The implemented group communications middleware is based on serverless XMPP messaging. We compare the effectiveness and performance of serverless messaging over multicast, as well as typical client server TCP messaging. The experiments are performed using the Common Open Research Emulator in conjunction with the Extendable Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Emulator, to provide a higher-fidelity emulation than previous work. C1 [Lass, Robert N.; Nguyen, Duc N.; Millar, David W.; Regli, William C.] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel ACIN Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Macker, Joseph; Adamson, R. Brian] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lass, RN (reprint author), Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel ACIN Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM urlass@drexel.edu; dn53@drexel.edu; dwm27@drexel.edu; regli@drexel.edu; joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil; brian.adamson@nrl.navy.mil FU Groupwise Tactical Edge Networking (GTEN); Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (OASD) FX This XO serverless prototype development and analysis work has been supported in part by the Groupwise Tactical Edge Networking (GTEN) effort under Networks Programs within the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (OASD), Research and Engineering. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ian Taylor for the use of GUMP and other software developments that support the XO work. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1639 EP 1644 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500275 ER PT J AU Molnar, JA Corretjer, I Tavik, G AF Molnar, Joseph A. Corretjer, Ivan Tavik, Gregory GP IEEE TI Integrated Topside - Integration of Narrowband and Wideband Array Antennas for Shipboard Communications SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Multifunction; Common Data Link; resource allocation; phased array; AESA AB The Integrated Topside (INTOP) Program is an Innovative Naval Prototype effort initiated by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) to develop wideband multifunction RF system technology that will enable increased functionality through the employment of shared hardware and software resources to execute the mission objectives. An Electronic Warfare/Information Operations/Communications (EW/IO/Comm) Advanced Development Model (ADM) is one of the prototypes being developed under the INTOP program. ONR is also developing low cost narrow band phased arrays as part of the High Throughput Networking Infrastructure (HTNI) program to support communications in the Common Data Link (CDL) frequency range. This paper explores the challenges and benefits that could be achieved through an integration of both technologies. The INTOP EW/IO/Comm program effort functionality encompasses the existing CDL spectrum with broader frequency coverage. Both the narrowband CDL array and the wideband INTOP array provide multi-beam array technology. However, the INTOP array provides greater flexibility in beam forming, interference nulling, and frequency coverage. Depending on the specific requirement for the communications link support, the CDL array set (four per ship) may provide as many as eight receive beams when used individually, or four beams when used in an elevation diversity configuration to mitigate multipath and other atmospheric effects. The INTOP receive array set (4 per ship) has the potential to support as many as 16 communication links or as few as four, when supporting the most distant communication links. As a combined asset, the receive antenna capacity addresses the Navy projections for the number of links to support Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) platforms. The transmit array is sized to similarly support the required number of links. In addition to the combined link support, the integration of the two arrays provides redundancy, multipath mitigation, frequency diversity, the potential to employ spatial separation to achieve the desired number of links within the existing frequency constraints, and the ability to allocate receive assets to enhance the frequency management of the ship to prevent interference and contention. C1 [Molnar, Joseph A.] USN, Res Lab, Networks & Commun Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Corretjer, Ivan] Naval Res Lab, Transmiss Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tavik, Gregory] Naval Res Lab, INTOP, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Molnar, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Networks & Commun Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Betsy DeLong and Douglas Crowder of the Office of Naval Research for their support of this research. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1802 EP 1807 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500301 ER PT J AU Ahrenholz, J Goff, T Adamson, B AF Ahrenholz, Jeff Goff, Tom Adamson, Brian GP IEEE TI Integration of the CORE and EMANE Network Emulators SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Researchers who evaluate networking protocols and applications can benefit significantly from the availability of flexible, open source tools. Network emulation has been one of the tools of choice for conducting experiments on commodity hardware, and for wireless MANET environments, in the absence of a possibly large number of radio devices. We present an easy-to-use system based on a combination of two such open source emulation tools. We describe integrating the Common Open Research Emulator (CORE), providing virtualization controlled by a graphical user interface, with the Extendable Mobile Ad-hoc Network Emulator (EMANE) framework that provides for more detailed radio models and scenarios. We discuss the benefits of integrating the two tools, along with challenges of this approach and how they were addressed. We address the performance experienced when using these more detailed link-and physical-layer models. Finally, we conclude with open issues and future directions. C1 [Ahrenholz, Jeff; Goff, Tom] Boeing Res & Technol, Networked Syst Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Adamson, Brian] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ahrenholz, J (reprint author), Boeing Res & Technol, Networked Syst Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. FU Network Communications Capability Program (NCCP) [5522] FX This work was done in cooperation with the NRL Protean Research Group, Code 5522 under the OSD-sponsored Network Communications Capability Program (NCCP). NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1870 EP 1875 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500312 ER PT J AU Claypool, DJ Dean, J AF Claypool, David J. Dean, Justin GP IEEE TI ENHANCING THE SPECIFICATION OF NODE MOBILITY IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS USING THE MOTION PLANNING FRAMEWORK SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB When modeling and simulating Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), the importance of the represented mobility of the nodes has too often been downplayed: oversimplified, contrived to relatively simplistic random motion, and limited to a small set of notional motion patterns. Even when realistic motion is used, the scenarios are often highly static and deterministic. As such, there exists a need to be able to clearly define the motion of nodes in more complex patterns: both in the context of conceptual testing patterns, and also in realistic operational scenarios. This work introduces the features and usability of a ongoing development effort termed the Motion Planning Framework created by the US Naval Research Laboratory. The framework enables modelers, independent of a specific simulation environment, to succinctly express the motion of nodes in a scenario. The extensible language permits users to quickly and universally create arbitrarily complex node movements representing scenarios that more aptly represent real world behavior or more appropriately exercise a given system under test. This work introduces our approach towards creating this framework and gives several examples of how the language can be used. C1 [Claypool, David J.; Dean, Justin] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claypool, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.claypool@nrl.navy.mil; justin.dean@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 2036 EP 2041 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500340 ER PT J AU Olds, K Cole, R Lord, B Duke, M Sherman, M Spaulding, J Boyd, J AF Olds, Keith Cole, Raymond, Jr. Lord, Bruce Duke, Martin Sherman, Mathew Spaulding, John Boyd, John GP IEEE TI The DirecNet (TM) Standard Reference Architecture: A Roadmap for Interoperability SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB The Open Group's DirecNet (TM) Task Force is an industry-led consortium consisting of twelve major aerospace firms. Its goal is to develop a vendor-neutral interoperability standard for a next generation directional networking waveform. The waveform developed will be IP-enabled, support the use of directional high bandwidth links, and the use of ad hoc mobile mesh networking. A key objective of the Task Force is to bring the advantages of commercial interoperability and standards development processes into the government arena. At this time, the Task Force has completed and released an overview and reference architecture volume as well the standard for a bandwidth-efficient PHY layer. This paper reviews the selected DirecNet architecture and on-going technical work of the consortium. C1 [Olds, Keith] Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. [Cole, Raymond, Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Lord, Bruce; Duke, Martin] Boeing Co, Chicago, IL 60602 USA. [Sherman, Mathew] BAE Syst, Preston, Lancs, England. [Spaulding, John] The Open Grp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Boyd, John] Cubic, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Olds, K (reprint author), Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 2105 EP 2110 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500351 ER PT J AU Brock, D Wasylyshyn, C McClimens, B Perzanowski, D AF Brock, Derek Wasylyshyn, Christina McClimens, Brian Perzanowski, Dennis GP IEEE TI Facilitating the Watchstander's Voice Communications Task in Future Navy Operations SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE concurrent voice communications; watchstander; serialized communications monitoring; speech rate acceleration; intelligibility; attention; comprehension; effort AB Recent human performance research at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) has shown that increasing the number of concurrent voice communications tasks individual Navy watchstanders must handle is an uncompromising empirical barrier to streamlining crew sizes in future shipboard combat information centers. Subsequent work on this problem at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has resulted in a serialized communications monitoring prototype (U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. US. 2007/0299657) that uses a patented NRL technology known as "pitch synchronous segmentation" (U.S. Patent 5,933,808) to accelerate buffered human speech up to 100% faster than its normal rate without a meaningful decline in intelligibility. In conjunction with this research effort, a series of ongoing human subjects studies at NRL has shown that rate-accelerated, serialized communications monitoring overwhelmingly improves performance measures of attention, comprehension, and effort in comparison to concurrent listening in the same span of time. This paper provides an overview of NRL's concurrent communications monitoring solution and summarizes the empirical performance questions addressed by, and the outcomes of, the Lab's associated program of listening studies. C1 [Brock, Derek; Wasylyshyn, Christina; McClimens, Brian; Perzanowski, Dennis] USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brock, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5512, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM derek.brock@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 2222 EP 2226 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500371 ER PT J AU Rowe, N Garfinkel, S Beverly, R Yannakogeorgos, P AF Rowe, Neil Garfinkel, Simson Beverly, Robert Yannakogeorgos, Panayotis BE Ottis, R TI Steps towards Monitoring Cyberarms Compliance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ECIW) CY JUL 07-08, 2011 CL Tallinn Univ Technol, Inst Cybernet (IoC), Tallinn, ESTONIA HO Tallinn Univ Technol, Inst Cybernet (IoC) DE cyberweapons; cyberattacks; agreements; monitoring; forensics; reversibility AB Cyberweapons are difficult weapons to control and police. Nonetheless, technology is becoming available that can help. We propose here the underlying technology necessary to support cyberarms agreements. Cyberweapons usage can be distinguished from other malicious Internet traffic in that they are aimed precisely at targets which we can often predict in advance and can monitor. Unlike cybercriminals, cyberweapons use will have political goals, and thus attackers will likely not try hard to conceal themselves. Furthermore, cyberweapons are temperamental weapons that depend on flaws in software, and flaws can get fixed. This means that cyberweapons testing will be seen before a serious attack. As well, we may be able to find evidence of cyberweapons on computers seized during or after hostilities since cyberweapons have important differences from other software and are difficult to conceal on their development platforms. Recent advances in quick methods for assessing the contents of a disk drive can be used to rule out irrelevant data quickly. We also discuss methods for making cyberweapons more responsible by attribution and reversibility, and we discuss the kinds of international agreements we need to control them. C1 [Rowe, Neil; Garfinkel, Simson; Beverly, Robert] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rowe, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu; slgarfin@nps.edu; rbeverly@nps.edu; yannakog1@gmail.com NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-06-5 PY 2011 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BYT87 UT WOS:000300245200028 ER PT S AU Gatewood, DS Turner, CH Dunlap, BI AF Gatewood, Daniel S. Turner, C. Heath Dunlap, Brett. I. BE Singhal, SC Eguchi, K TI Self-consistent-field Electrochemistry SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 12 (SOFC XII) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Inc (ECS), High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc, Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dokiya Mem Fund ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; PT(111) SURFACE; OXYGEN; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; ELECTROLYTE; IMPEDANCE; PLATINUM; SYSTEM AB Two self-consistent-field Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) models are developed to simulate the operating cathode and anode of 9 mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using a database of elementary reaction rates obtained from experimental and first-principles rates. The rates are used in the unit cells of two asymmetrical YSZ lattices for the cathode and anode. KMC then gives the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of this sequential set of elementary chemical reactions. The resistance of a single electrolyte lattice layer added to either simulation cell is extracted by Taylor-series interpolation of the I-V curves for simulation cells of different thickness. Its conductivity is obtained from this resistance using the cross-sectional area of the simulation cells. These conductivities are compared to experiment and a statistically independent model of this set of chemical reactions. C1 [Gatewood, Daniel S.; Dunlap, Brett. I.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gatewood, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-212-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1055 EP 1063 DI 10.1149/1.3570086 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BYZ11 UT WOS:000300770102007 ER PT S AU Pomfret, MB Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC AF Pomfret, Michael B. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. BE Singhal, SC Eguchi, K TI Thermal Imaging of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Degradation with Dry and Wet Ethanol Fuel Flows SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 12 (SOFC XII) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Inc (ECS), High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc, Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dokiya Mem Fund ID IN-SITU; DIRECT-ALCOHOL; METHANOL; STEAM; SOFC; DECOMPOSITION; CONVERSION; OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; SYSTEM AB Near-infrared thermal imaging has been used to study the effects of humidifying ethanol fuel flows on the surface temperature of SOFC anodes. Temperatures were monitored for SOFCs operating with dry and wet ethanol fuel flows at 800 degrees C. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in the amount of carbon that is formed when ethanol flows are humidified. Humidifying the fuel stream reduces both the cooling observed under ethanol fuel flow conditions and the heating observed under post-fuel flow electrochemical oxidation conditions. The spatial variation of the temperature is also reduced. Thermal imaging is capable of detecting fatigue in functioning cells because temperature variations observed in situ provide early signs of SOFC failure, therefore thermal imaging is a viable system diagnostic. C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pomfret, MB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-212-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1563 EP 1570 DI 10.1149/1.3570141 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BYZ11 UT WOS:000300770103007 ER PT S AU Burke, AA Carreiro, LG AF Burke, A. A. Carreiro, L. G. BE Singhal, SC Eguchi, K TI Analysis of Fuel Options for SOFC-based Power Systems in Undersea Vehicles SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 12 (SOFC XII) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Inc (ECS), High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc, Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dokiya Mem Fund ID NI CATALYSTS; CELL; METHANOL AB Previously demonstrated studies using anode recycle and carbon dioxide sequestration showed promising results for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems in unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs). However, multiple heaters were used to maintain system temperature, and recent tests of a Delphi Corporation SOFC stack and fuel processor has uncovered thermal management issues regarding steam reformer operation in an anode-recycle loop. An experiment was attempted in which the fuel reformer was placed downstream of the SOFC stack and was to be driven (heated) by the anode exhaust from the stack. However, the maximum temperature achievable was only 400 degrees C, much lower than the 600 degrees C minimum for steam reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In order to provide more heat to the steam reformer, the combustor channel of Delphi's reformer was employed, and suitable conversion of JP-10 and S-8 liquid fuels was demonstrated. However, in a UUV application, continual operation of a burner (or CPOX reformer) will consume the limited supply of oxygen that is available. This extra consumption of oxygen for combustion detracts from the intended benefits of using energy-dense logistics fuels and highly efficient SOFCs. In a departure from NUWCDIVNPT's original focus on diesel-type (logistics) fuels, methane is looking more attractive for UUV applications, at least for first generation SOFC-powered UUVs. Even though the energy density for methane is roughly half that of diesel-type fuel, the savings in oxygen and carbon dioxide sorbent storage result in system energy metrics similar to those for S-8-based systems. In addition, the fuel processor control and system start-up can be greatly facilitated by using methane instead of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Switching to a methane fuel feed has the following advantages: high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (this lowers O-2 and CO2 sorbent storage requirements); facilitates steam reforming versus diesel-type fuels; greater ease of start-up and system power transient control; risk mitigation for potential SOFC coking; and low boiling point, thus avoiding logistics of vaporizing diesel-type fuels and producing carbon residue. C1 [Burke, A. A.; Carreiro, L. G.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Burke, AA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-212-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 2815 EP 2823 DI 10.1149/1.3570281 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BYZ11 UT WOS:000300770105034 ER PT S AU Srinivas, U Monga, V Raj, RG AF Srinivas, Umamahesh Monga, Vishal Raj, Raghu G. GP IEEE TI AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION USING DISCRIMINATIVE GRAPHICAL MODELS SO 2011 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc (SPS) ID CLASSIFIERS; NETWORKS AB Of recent interest in automatic target recognition (ATR) is the problem of combining the merits of multiple classifiers. This is commonly done by "fusing" the soft-outputs of several classifiers into making a single decision. We observe that the improvement in recognition rates afforded by these approaches is due to the complementary yet correlated information captured by different features/signal representations that these individual classifiers employ. We present the use of probabilistic graphical models in modeling and capturing feature dependencies that are crucial for target classification. In particular, we develop a two-stage target recognition framework that combines the merits of distinct and sparse signal representations with discriminatively learnt graphical models. The first stage designs multiple projections yielding M > 1 sparse representations, while the second stage models each individual representation using graphs and combines these initially disjoint and simple graphical models into a thicker probabilistic graphical model. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the art target classification techniques in terms of recognition rates. The use of graphical models is particularly meritorious when feature dimensionality is high and training is limited - a commonly observed constraint in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery based target recognition. C1 [Srinivas, Umamahesh; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Raj, Raghu G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Srinivas, U (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4577-1303-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2011 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BYI89 UT WOS:000298962500009 ER PT S AU Zhang, W Guo, YL Meth, R Sokoloff, H Pope, A Strat, T Chellappa, R AF Zhang, Wei Guo, Yanlin Meth, Reuven Sokoloff, Harvey Pope, Art Strat, Tom Chellappa, Rama GP IEEE TI VARIABLE REMAPPING OF IMAGES FROM VERY DIFFERENT SOURCES SO 2011 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc (SPS) AB We present a system which registers image sequences acquired by very different sources, so that multiple views could be transformed to the same coordinates system. This enables the functionality of automatic object identification and confirmation across views and platforms. The capability of the system comes from three ingredients: 1) image context enlargement through temporal integration; 2) robust motion estimation using the G-RANSAC framework with a relaxed correspondence criteria; 3) constrained motion estimation within the G-RANSAC framework. The proposed system has worked successfully on thousands of frames from multiple collections with significant variations in scale and resolution.(1) C1 [Zhang, Wei; Guo, Yanlin; Meth, Reuven; Pope, Art; Strat, Tom] SET Corp, 1005 Glebe Rd, Arlington, VA USA. [Sokoloff, Harvey] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res CfAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), SET Corp, 1005 Glebe Rd, Arlington, VA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4577-1303-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2011 BP 1501 EP 1504 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BYI89 UT WOS:000298962501157 ER PT S AU Mace, M Abdullah-Al-Mamun, K Wang, SY Gupta, L Vaidyanathan, R AF Mace, Michael Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Khondaker Wang, Shouyan Gupta, Lalit Vaidyanathan, Ravi GP IEEE TI Ensemble classification for robust discrimination of multi-channel, multi-class tongue-movement ear pressure signals SO 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBS) CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS) AB In this paper we introduce a robust classification framework for tongue-movement ear pressure signals based around an ensemble voting methodology. The ensemble members are comprised of different combinations of sensor inputs i.e. two in-ear microphones and an acoustic gel sensor positioned under the chin of the individual and classification using three different base models. It is shown that by using all nine ensemble members when compared to the individual (base) models, the average misclassification rate can be reduced from 23% to 2.8% when using the majority voting strategy. The correct classification rate is improved from 76% to 92.4% when utilizing either the borda count or condorcet methods. This is achieved through a combination of rejection based on ambiguity in the ensemble and diversity in the misclassified instances across the ensemble members. C1 [Mace, Michael; Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Khondaker; Wang, Shouyan] Univ Southampton, Inst Sound & Vibrat Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Gupta, Lalit] Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Mace, M (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM m.mace11@imperial.ac.uk; kam1e08@soton.ac.uk; sy.wang@soton.ac.uk; lgupta@siu.edu; rxv@case.edu OI Mace, Michael/0000-0001-9599-448X FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/F01869X] FX This research was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), grant EP/F01869X NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-4122-8 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2011 BP 1733 EP 1736 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYH52 UT WOS:000298810001216 ER PT S AU Burton, TMW Vaidyanathan, R Burgess, SC Turton, AJ Melhuish, C AF Burton, T. M. W. Vaidyanathan, R. Burgess, S. C. Turton, A. J. Melhuish, C. GP IEEE TI Development of a Parametric Kinematic Model of the Human Hand and a Novel Robotic Exoskeleton SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION ROBOTICS (ICORR) SE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics ICORR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)/International Neurorehabilitation Symposium (INRS)/International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2011 CL ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE, RA, EMB, Hocoma, You Rehab, Int Soc Virtual Rehabil (ISVR), Zentrum Ambulante Rehabil, MUNDUS, RITZ HO ETH Zurich ID BIOMECHANICAL MODEL; UPPER-LIMB; STROKE; THUMB; MOVEMENTS; THERAPY; DESIGN; GRIP; ARM AB This paper reports the integration of a kinematic model of the human hand during cylindrical grasping, with specific focus on the accurate mapping of thumb movement during grasping motions, and a novel, multi-degree-of-freedom assistive exoskeleton mechanism based on this model. The model includes thumb maximum hyper-extension for grasping large objects (similar to>50mm). The exoskeleton includes a novel four-bar mechanism designed to reproduce natural thumb opposition and a novel synchro-motion pulley mechanism for coordinated finger motion. A computer aided design environment is used to allow the exoskeleton to be rapidly customized to the hand dimensions of a specific patient. Trials comparing the kinematic model to observed data of hand movement show the model to be capable of mapping thumb and finger joint flexion angles during grasping motions. Simulations show the exoskeleton to be capable of reproducing the complex motion of the thumb to oppose the fingers during cylindrical and pinch grip motions. C1 [Burton, T. M. W.] Univ Bristol, Bristol Robot Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Burton, T. M. W.] Univ West England, Bristol BS16 1QD, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, R.; Burgess, S. C.] Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BSR 1TR, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, R.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Burton, TMW (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol Robot Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. EM thomas.m.burton@bristol.ac.uk; r.vaidyanathan@bristol.ac.uk; s.c.burgess@bristol.ac.uk RI Turton, Ailie/C-1960-2014 FU University of the West of England, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; EPSRC Doctoral Training Apprenticeship FX This work was supported by the University of the West of England, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences under the direction of Dr Kevin Foreman and an EPSRC Doctoral Training Apprenticeship. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7898 BN 978-1-4244-9862-8 J9 INT C REHAB ROBOT PY 2011 PG 7 WC Robotics; Rehabilitation SC Robotics; Rehabilitation GA BYK51 UT WOS:000299169800010 ER PT S AU Madgwick, SOH Harrison, AJL Vaidyanathan, R AF Madgwick, Sebastian O. H. Harrison, Andrew J. L. Vaidyanathan, Ravi GP IEEE TI Estimation of IMU and MARG orientation using a gradient descent algorithm SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION ROBOTICS (ICORR) SE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics ICORR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)/International Neurorehabilitation Symposium (INRS)/International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2011 CL ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE, RA, EMB, Hocoma, You Rehab, Int Soc Virtual Rehabil (ISVR), Zentrum Ambulante Rehabil, MUNDUS, RITZ HO ETH Zurich ID KALMAN FILTER; TRACKING; ACCELEROMETER; CALIBRATION; ATTITUDE; SENSORS; FUSION; SYSTEM AB This paper presents a novel orientation algorithm designed to support a computationally efficient, wearable inertial human motion tracking system for rehabilitation applications. It is applicable to inertial measurement units (IMUs) consisting of tri-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers, and magnetic angular rate and gravity (MARG) sensor arrays that also include tri-axis magnetometers. The MARG implementation incorporates magnetic distortion compensation. The algorithm uses a quaternion representation, allowing accelerometer and magnetometer data to be used in an analytically derived and optimised gradient descent algorithm to compute the direction of the gyroscope measurement error as a quaternion derivative. Performance has been evaluated empirically using a commercially available orientation sensor and reference measurements of orientation obtained using an optical measurement system. Performance was also benchmarked against the propriety Kalman-based algorithm of orientation sensor. Results indicate the algorithm achieves levels of accuracy matching that of the Kalman based algorithm; < 0.8 degrees static RMS error, < 1.7 degrees dynamic RMS error. The implications of the low computational load and ability to operate at small sampling rates significantly reduces the hardware and power necessary for wearable inertial movement tracking, enabling the creation of lightweight, inexpensive systems capable of functioning for extended periods of time. C1 [Madgwick, Sebastian O. H.; Harrison, Andrew J. L.; Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Madgwick, SOH (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. EM s.madgwick@bristol.ac.uk; andrew.j.l.harrison@bristol.ac.uk; r.vaidyanathan@bristol.ac.uk NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7898 BN 978-1-4244-9862-8 J9 INT C REHAB ROBOT PY 2011 PG 7 WC Robotics; Rehabilitation SC Robotics; Rehabilitation GA BYK51 UT WOS:000299169800011 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Wang, YT AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Wang, Yanting GP IEEE TI RECENT ADVANCES IN SCATTERING MODEL-BASED DECOMPOSITIONS: AN OVERVIEW SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Polarimetric SAR; Model-based scattering decomposition ID COMPENSATION; POLSAR AB In the last decade, the three-component polarimetric scattering decomposition by Freeman and Durden has stimulated research and applications in model-based decompositions. In this paper, we will review recent advances in the scattering models, focusing on the negative power problem and its mitigation, the problem of the reflection symmetry assumption, and the effect of orientation angle compensation. An extended decomposition based on the extended Bragg model is also proposed. Polarimetric SAR images illustrate our approach. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Wang, Yanting] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong_sen_lee@hotmail.com NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6048884 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496300003 ER PT S AU Hwang, PA Perrie, W Zhang, BA AF Hwang, Paul A. Perrie, William Zhang, Biao GP IEEE TI WIND RETRIEVAL WITH CROSS-POLARIZED SAR RETURNS SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Perrie, William; Zhang, Biao] Bedford Inst Oceanograp, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford, NS, Canada. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil; perriew@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; iocas.zhangbiao@yahoo.com FU Office of Naval Research; NRL [NRL/PP/7260-11-0186] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research; NRL contribution number NRL/PP/7260-11-0186. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 1330 EP 1333 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049445 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496301097 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Chen, KS Hajnsek, I AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Chen, Kun-Shan Hajnsek, Irena GP IEEE TI TERRAIN CATEGORIZATION BASED ON SCATTERING MECHANISMS FOR SINGLE-POL HIGH-RESOLUTION TERRASAR-X IMAGES SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Single-Pol SAR; Image analysis ID SAR IMAGERY AB In this paper, we propose a terrain categorization algorithm for single-polarization high-resolution SAR imagery, and coded the terrain categories by colors that resemble Pauli decomposition color coding based on scattering mechanisms of PolSAR data. The proposed algorithm emphasizes preserving high resolution and making information dissemination easier for single-pol SAR data. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Kun-Shan] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. [Hajnsek, Irena] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Wessling, Germany. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3606 EP 3609 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050004 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303147 ER PT S AU Ainsworth, TL Williams, ML AF Ainsworth, T. L. Williams, M. L. GP IEEE TI A SIMULATION STUDY OF TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ON POLSAR CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS AND CROPS SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Polarimetry; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Classification ID SCATTERING MODEL; DECOMPOSITION AB We investigate the dependence of polarimetric decomposition techniques upon terrain and vegetation canopy properties. We establish a physics-based model which highlights the interdependence of scattering mechanisms, and employ a simulation which encapsulates this combination of scattering theory and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging theory. We use the simulation to calculate polarimetric SAR images of forested terrain with high fidelity, and perform polarimetric decomposition analysis on the simulated data. Correcting for terrain azimuth slope leaves a residual dependence in polarimetric response that can be interpreted through the dependence of scattering on the terrain and imaging geometry. We will apply a similar analysis to POLSAR data from RADARSAT-2 and PALSAR to collaborate the model predictions. C1 [Ainsworth, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Williams, M. L.] Cooperative Res Ctr Spatial Informat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 4107 EP 4110 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050136 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496304018 ER PT S AU Flynn, L Rault, D Jaross, G Petropavlovskikh, I Long, C Hornstein, J Beach, E Yu, W Niu, J Swales, D AF Flynn, L. Rault, D. Jaross, G. Petropavlovskikh, I. Long, C. Hornstein, J. Beach, E. Yu, W. Niu, J. Swales, D. GP IEEE TI NPOESS PREPARATORY PROJECT VALIDATION PLANS FOR THE OZONE MAPPING AND PROFILER SUITE SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Ozone; Remote Sensing; Validation ID OMPS AB NOAA, through the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program, in partnership with National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA), will launch the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite, a risk reduction and data continuity mission, prior to the first operational JPSS launch. The JPSS program will execute the NPP Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) program to ensure the data products comply with the requirements of the sponsoring agencies. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) consists of two telescopes feeding three detectors measuring solar radiance scattered by the Earth's atmosphere and solar irradiance by using diffusers. The measurements are used to generate estimates of total column ozone and vertical ozone profiles. The validation efforts will make use of external resources in the form of ground-based and satellite measurements for comparisons and internal consistency methods developed over the last thirty years. This paper provides information and references for the OMPS instrument, measurements, and products and some examples of components of the Cal/Val Plan with emphasis on the collaborative data and analysis techniques for the validation of the NPP OMPS environmental data products. Results for existing/proxy data sets are described to demonstrate the progress made in developing tools, creating and collecting test data, and expanding monitoring capabilities in preparation for the post-launch activities. C1 [Flynn, L.] NOAA NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Rault, D.] NASA, LaRC, Hampton 23681, VA USA. [Jaross, G.] SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Long, C.] NOAA, NWS Camp Springs, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hornstein, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beach, E.; Niu, J.; Swales, D.] IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yu, W.] Dell Syst, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Flynn, L (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 4161 EP 4163 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050148 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496304032 ER PT S AU Saintval, WJ Hayward, TJ AF Saintval, Wendell J. Hayward, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI Modulation of a high-frequency shallow-water acoustic channel by sea surface waves: 3-D PE-based modeling SO 2011 IEEE - OCEANS SPAIN SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE OCEANS Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2011 CL Santander, SPAIN SP IEEE ID ROUGH BOUNDARIES; SCATTERING; PROPAGATION AB The three-dimensional parabolic equation acoustic propagation model (3DPE) of Collins and Chin-Bing is adapted to investigate the propagation of a high-frequency (2-kHz) signal in a shallow-water acoustic channel under two-dimensional ocean surfaces disturbed by gravity and capillary waves. Empirically-derived surface wave-number spectra of Pierson and Moskowitz and of Donelan and Pierson are used to construct realizations of stationary Gaussian models of the sea surface. The modified 3DPE model is applied to compute the acoustic field in a waveguide consisting of two isovelocity layers (water and thick sediment). The effects of scattering by the sea surface on the vertical/azimuthal distribution of energy arriving at the receiver are investigated by (1) beamforming the computed acoustic field over subsets of the 2-D computational mesh at the receiver range and (2) computing horizontal and vertical field correlation across subsets of the mesh. For the case of an isotropic surface wave spectrum, the field correlation estimates are derived by averaging correlation samples over multiple 2-D subarrays placed over 360 degrees of azimuth. The angle dependence of the beam responses and the depth and cross-range dependence of the field correlation are interpreted in terms of the surface scattering effects. C1 [Saintval, Wendell J.] ASEE NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hayward, Thomas J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saintval, WJ (reprint author), ASEE NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BYN28 UT WOS:000299429000036 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI Output SNR of Time-Reversal Based Underwater Acoustic Communications SO 2011 IEEE - OCEANS SPAIN SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE OCEANS Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2011 CL Santander, SPAIN SP IEEE ID DECISION-FEEDBACK EQUALIZER; PASSIVE-PHASE CONJUGATION AB While one generally expects the output signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) to increase with the number of receivers and decrease with increasing channel estimation error, to determine their exact relationship for a given channel, a channel model is normally required as the OSNR is dependent on the number of tap coefficients which are different for different channels having different multipath spread. This paper shows, supported by experimental data from different oceans, that the increase of OSNR with the number of diverse (or effective) receivers, and the decrease of OSNR with the channel estimation (data estimation) error follow a universal relationship using the time-reversal or correlation-based equalizer, despite the fact that the channels have very different properties. The reason is due to the fact that the OSNR is a function of the q function, the auto-correlation of the received impulse responses summed over all receiver channels, and the q function is approximately the same for all the data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BYN28 UT WOS:000299429000027 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI Characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channels in shallow water SO 2011 IEEE - OCEANS SPAIN SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE OCEANS Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2011 CL Santander, SPAIN SP IEEE ID VARIABILITY AB Underwater acoustic channels are band-limited and reverberant, posing many obstacles to reliable, phase-coherent acoustic communications. While many high frequency communication experiments have been conducted in shallow water, few have carried out systematic studies on the channel properties at a time scale relevant for communications. To aid the communication system design, this paper analyzes at-sea data collected in shallow water under various conditions to illustrate how the ocean environments (sea surface waves, and random ocean medium) can affect the signal properties. Channel properties studied include amplitude and phase variations, and temporal coherence of individual paths as well as the temporal and spatial coherence of multipaths at different time scales. Reasons for the coherence loss are hypothesized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BYN28 UT WOS:000299429000026 ER PT J AU Grbovic, D Alves, F Kearney, B Apostolos, K Karunasiri, G AF Grbovic, Dragoslav Alves, Fabio Kearney, Brian Apostolos, Karamitros Karunasiri, Gamani GP IEEE TI Optimization of THz Absorption in Thin Films SO 2011 IEEE SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 28-31, 2011 CL Limerick, IRELAND SP IEEE, IEEE SENSORS Council, ANALOG DEVICES, Failte Ireland, irelandinspires.com, Silicon Labs, Sci Fdn Ireland (SFI), Intel, Competence Ctr, Microelect ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER AB In this paper, we report on experimentally verified models, which assist in the design and fabrication of either thin metal films, with high broad-band absorption in the 3-5 THz spectral region, or thin metatamaterial structures of nearly 100% absorption at a specific, resonant, THz frequency. The THz absorption properties of the structures were modeled using COMSOL finite element modeling software. Optimized thin metal films and thin metamaterial structures were fabricated using standard microfabrication processes on Si substrates. The THz spectral characteristics of the structures were probed using FTIR spectrometer in the reflection mode. The measured THz reflection, from thin film of both broad-band and resonant metamaterial structures, exhibit excellent agreement with their respective models. Both types of absorbers can be incorporated in the fabrication of MEMS-based THz thermal sensors operating in active mode with quantum cascade laser (QCL) sources. C1 [Grbovic, Dragoslav; Alves, Fabio; Kearney, Brian; Apostolos, Karamitros; Karunasiri, Gamani] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Grbovic, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dgrbovic@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9289-3 PY 2011 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BYR66 UT WOS:000299901200042 ER PT J AU Mah, ML Armstrong, PR Kim, SS Carney, JR Lightstone, JM Talghader, JJ AF Mah, Merlin L. Armstrong, Philip R. Kim, Sangho S. Carney, Joel R. Lightstone, James M. Talghader, Joseph J. GP IEEE TI Thermal History Sensing inside High-Explosive Environments using Thermoluminescent Microparticles SO 2011 IEEE SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 28-31, 2011 CL Limerick, IRELAND SP IEEE, IEEE SENSORS Council, ANALOG DEVICES, Failte Ireland, irelandinspires.com, Silicon Labs, Sci Fdn Ireland (SFI), Intel, Competence Ctr, Microelect ID LIF TLD-100; KINETICS; LUMINESCENCE; ORDER AB Thermoluminescent LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) microparticle sensors are demonstrated to record the thermal history of the region near a detonated high explosive. Microparticles were gamma-irradiated to fill their charge-carrier traps and then exposed to the detonation of 20 g of a plastic bonded explosive formulation containing HMX and Al particles at a test distance of approximately 22 cm from the center of the detonation. The thermal history was reconstructed by measuring the thermoluminescent signature of the traps and matching it to appropriate models. The trap populations derived from luminescence measurements and modeling indicate that the particles experienced a maximum temperature of 240 degrees C, then cooled to 1 degrees C above ambient temperature within 0.4 seconds. The resulting glow curve intensity is calculated to match the observed post-detonation signal to 3% averaged over the comparison values used for reconstruction. C1 [Mah, Merlin L.; Armstrong, Philip R.; Kim, Sangho S.; Talghader, Joseph J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Carney, Joel R.; Lightstone, James M.] Indian Head Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Mah, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM joey@umn.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-0007]; NSF NNIN; MRFN FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-10-0007). Portions of this work were performed at facilities in the NSF NNIN and MRFN programs. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9289-3 PY 2011 BP 1269 EP 1272 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BYR66 UT WOS:000299901200307 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Miller, GA Askins, CG Kirkendall, CK Bartolo, RE AF Cranch, G. A. Miller, G. A. Askins, C. G. Kirkendall, C. K. Bartolo, R. E. GP IEEE TI Remotely-interrogated three-axis fiber laser magnetometer SO 2011 IEEE SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 28-31, 2011 CL Limerick, IRELAND SP IEEE, IEEE SENSORS Council, ANALOG DEVICES, Failte Ireland, irelandinspires.com, Silicon Labs, Sci Fdn Ireland (SFI), Intel, Competence Ctr, Microelect AB A novel fiber laser magnetometer, designed for seabed-mounted surveillance arrays, is described. The sensor, comprising a metalized fiber laser attached to a nonmagnetic bridge, utilizes the Lorentz force generated in a magnetic field to detect small changes in the earth's field. Three orthogonally mounted sensors measure each component of the field through high-resolution strain measurements, encoded as frequency shifts of the fiber lasers. The sensor node, incorporating three orthogonally mounted magnetic field sensors and a MEMS inclinometer, is qualified to an operating depth of 100 m and connected by a 1 km fiber-optic cable to the interrogation electronics. C1 [Cranch, G. A.; Miller, G. A.; Askins, C. G.; Kirkendall, C. K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bartolo, R. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 6.2 Base Program; Navy International Programs Office FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 6.2 Base Program and the Navy International Programs Office. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Elfed Lewis. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9289-3 PY 2011 BP 2006 EP 2009 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BYR66 UT WOS:000299901200490 ER PT S AU Foley, MP Seo, DM Boyle, PD Henderson, WA De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Foley, M. P. Seo, D. M. Boyle, P. D. Henderson, W. A. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. BE Minteer, S TI Phase Behavior and Solvation of Lithium Triflate in gamma-Butyrolactone SO GRAHAME AWARD SYMPOSIUM AND PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY (GENERAL) - 219TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Grahame Award Symposium/Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry General Session/219th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLY(PROPYLENE OXIDE); NACF3SO3; CRYSTALLINE; TEMPERATURE; COMPLEXES; LICF3SO3; LICLO4 AB Data describing the concentration and temperature dependent solvation and phase behavior of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf) in gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) is presented. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements are employed to elucidate the electrolyte interactions. DSC analysis show the presence of a crystallinity gap at concentrations between 2.56:1 and 5.00:1 GBL:LiTf (mole: mole) and a high melting solvate in more concentrated samples. Raman spectroscopic analysis indicates that the coordination of ions in the high melting solvate undergoes temperature dependent transitions. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that lithium triflate forms a 1:1 aggregated solvate having 6 ion pair coordinated by 6 solvent molecules. Taken together, data suggest ion transport in electrolytes is influenced by solvation. C1 [Foley, M. P.; Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Foley, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-289-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 29 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1149/1.3645607 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BYZ92 UT WOS:000300874500001 ER PT S AU Calhoun, RL Bard, AJ AF Calhoun, R. L. Bard, A. J. BE Minteer, S TI Study of the EC' Mechanism by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) SO GRAHAME AWARD SYMPOSIUM AND PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY (GENERAL) - 219TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Grahame Award Symposium/Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry General Session/219th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER KINETICS; WATER OXIDATION; POLYNUCLEOTIDE BINDING; METAL-COMPLEXES; FEEDBACK MODE; VOLTAMMETRY; RUTHENIUM; CYSTEINE; RATES AB Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) experiments were undertaken to study the EC'mechanism, e.g. where a product of the electrode reaction reacts to regenerate the starting material. Digital simulations of the two dimensional SECM were carried out and the results tested with the known EC' system of Fe(CN)(6)(4-) / cysteine for validation. The results were then used in SECM experiments with Ru(phen)(2)dppz(2+), a known DNA intercalator, to study the instability of the oxidized form in the absence and presence of DNA. C1 [Calhoun, R. L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Calhoun, RL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-289-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 29 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1149/1.3645611 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BYZ92 UT WOS:000300874500005 ER PT J AU Brown, G Kline, J Thomas, A Washburn, A Wood, K AF Brown, Gerald Kline, Jeff Thomas, Adam Washburn, Alan Wood, Kevin TI A Game-Theoretic Model for Defense of an Oceanic Bastion Against Submarines SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We develop a game-theoretic model called BASTION to guide the employment of antisubmarine warfare (ASW) platforms such as ships and aircraft that are defending a stationary oceanic bastion from attack by hostile submarines. The model is an example of a two-person zero-sum game with some additional variables (ship locations) that are under the control of the maximizing defender, but known to the minimizing attacker. The attacker, knowing the ship locations, but not the locations of other platforms such as aircraft, must select a path to the bastion. The probability of detecting the attacker as it follows this path is the objective shared by the opponents. C1 [Brown, Gerald; Kline, Jeff; Thomas, Adam; Washburn, Alan; Wood, Kevin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM gbrown@nps.edu; jekline@nps.edu; athomas@nps.edu; awashburn@nps.edu; kwood@nps.edu OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.5711/1082598316425 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 902FF UT WOS:000301023300002 ER PT J AU Barton, RJ Moss, GR Smith, KB AF Barton, Robert J., III Moss, Geoffrey R. Smith, Kevin B. GP IEEE TI Scattered Acoutic Intensity Field Measurements of a Rigid Motionless Sphere and Cylinder SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE acoustic vector fields; scattering; acoustic intensity AB In this study, the properties of the scattered acoustic vector fields generated by a simple rigid motionless sphere and cylinder are investigated. Analytical solutions are derived from general acoustic pressure scattering models, and analyzed for wave numbers in the resonance region. The separable active and reactive components of the acoustic intensity are used to investigate the structural features of the scattered field components. The ability to extract scattered field features is illustrated with measurements obtained from in-air experiments using an anechoic chamber and acoustic intensity probes to measure the scattered acoustic vector field resulting from continuous plane wave illumination. C1 [Barton, Robert J., III; Moss, Geoffrey R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Smith, Kevin B.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM robert.barton@navy.mil; geoffrey.moss@navy.mil FU Office of Navel Research; Maritime Surveillance Division; Naval Undersea Warfare Center FX Support for this research efforts is sponsored in part by the Office of Navel Research, Code 3211, Maritime Surveillance Division and Code 322 Speceal Research Award (SRA) in Ocean Acoustics Program, and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport Internal Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800011 ER PT J AU Baylog, JG Wettergren, TA AF Baylog, John G. Wettergren, Thomas A. GP IEEE TI Performance Bounds for Coordinated AUV Search Planning SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB This paper establishes plausible limits on search performance for a set of AUVs participating in a coordinated undersea search operation. We build on previously developed cell based methods for evaluating search performance under conditions of geospatial non-homogeneity in detection likelihood and search object placement. To establish performance bounds, a theoretical template provided in the communications channel is adapted for development of an analogous AUV search channel. The concept of search capacity is introduced and developed in this paper. From a simple cell search capacity, search channel configurations are devised to suit specific search performance objectives and to demonstrate the generality of the performance bound when applied to search. This information theoretic performance measure is shown to support decomposition over search subspaces allowing for plausible inference in AUV search planning and post operation evaluation under geospatial non-homogeneity. Results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the performance bounds and their inherent capability to measure the collaboration potential among searchers. C1 [Baylog, John G.; Wettergren, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baylog, JG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM john.baylog@navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800086 ER PT J AU Cipolla, K Keith, W Foley, A AF Cipolla, Kimberly Keith, William Foley, Alia GP IEEE TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF AXISYMMETRIC TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE turbulent boundary layers; tow tank experiment; towed arrays ID WALL-PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; CYLINDER AB Measurements of the turbulent boundary layer over an experimental towed array were made at the David Taylor Model Basin, Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division using a stationary stereo- particle image velocimetry (SPIV) system. Data were collected at discrete transverse planes along the length of the array at tow speeds between 6.2 and 15.4 m/s. The corresponding momentum thickness Reynolds numbers Re-theta varied from 4.8 x 10(5) to 1.1 x 10(6). This range is representative of values occurring in Navy applications and is much greater than those typically achieved in laboratory or with computational investigations. Instantaneous three-dimensional velocity fields and profiles have been published by the authors. However, the streamwise growth of the boundary layer and the variation with speed were not determined. The goal of this analysis is to provide additional insight into the development of axisymmetric boundary layers over long lengths and at moderate to high Reynolds numbers. A stationary stereo-particle image velocimetry (SPIV) system was used to obtain three-dimensional velocity measurements and evaluate the boundary layer flow development along full-scale fleet towed array modules. Measurements were collected at discrete transverse planes along the length at tow speeds between 6.2 and 15.4 m/s. Algorithms for image preprocessing and filtering were applied to enhance the instantaneous images and maximize the data extracted from the images. Mean velocity profiles and relevant boundary layer parameters are extracted. This information is necessary to refine the scaling of the wall pressure measurements obtained simultaneously [1] and flow noise models. Independent load cell measurements of the total drag on the towed model provided the momentum thickness at the end of the model and the spatially-averaged friction velocity u(tau). In order to average multiple images and compute statistics of the boundary layer parameters, new algorithms for identifying the array and its shadow are being developed. This facilitates the computation of relevant boundary layer parameters and the evaluation of the axisymmetry of the boundary layer. Trends in the data with Reynolds number will be also determined. The growth of the turbulent boundary layer over the length of the array is an important metric with regard to estimating the maximum turbulent boundary layer thickness which exists on a fleet towed array. The underlying structure of the axisymmetric boundary layer, which leads to significant increases in wall shear stress with respect to flat plate cases, is of primary importance. These new insights will facilitate efforts toward towed array reliability and an accurate prediction of drag and flow noise for any towed array application. C1 [Cipolla, Kimberly; Keith, William; Foley, Alia] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cipolla, K (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM Kimberly.cipolla@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800113 ER PT J AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda GP IEEE TI Channel response measurements for diffuse non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical communication links underwater SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE underwater optical communications; underwater laser communications; turbid water; non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ID MODULATED LIGHT; PROPAGATION; WATER AB Presented are experimental measurements comparing the frequency (i.e. - impulse) response (up to 1GHz) for an underwater optical communications channel as a function of water clarity using collimated or diffuse laser light. The measurement technique used is adapted from a previously reported method used for measuring the channel response of collimated laser beam [1,2]. These measurements establish the bandwidth limitations for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical links underwater as a function of their operating environment. Comparisons to direct line-of-sight links using collimated beams are also presented. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda] USN, Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM brandon.cochenour@navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801165 ER PT J AU Donovan, GT AF Donovan, Glenn T. GP IEEE TI Development and Testing of a Real-Time Terrain Navigation Method for AUVs SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE Inertial Navigation; Monte Carlo methods; Particle Filters; Position Measurement; Robot Motion; Sonar Applications (key words) AB Underwater localization is still a significant challenge for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) during long endurance missions. Typically the vehicle must rely on external infrastructure such as Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites or underwater acoustic positioning system transponders to provide navigation corrections. These options will not always be feasible during some missions. This paper describes applied research into addressing this challenge through the development of a Monte Carlo Localization (MCL), or particle filter framework. The goal is to supplement an AUV navigation system with independent position fixes based on environmental observations. A particle filter framework for bathymetric terrain navigation is developed and tested using real in-water vehicle and sensor data collected with NUWCs 123/4" Mid-Size Autonomous Reconfigurable Vehicle (MARV) AUV. The results illustrate how this technique can be successfully applied to allow an AUV to recover from significant position uncertainty and errors during a mission. Additionally it is concluded that extending the particle filter to three dimensions to account for depth measurement bias is preferable to other techniques for handling tidal bias. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr NUWC, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Donovan, GT (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr NUWC, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM Glenn.donovan@navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800114 ER PT J AU Edwards, K Veeramony, J Nguyen, T Sitton, D AF Edwards, Kacey Veeramony, Jay Tiffany Nguyen Sitton, David GP IEEE TI An Evaluation of Boundary Condition Specification for a Littoral Hydrodynamic Model SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE Nearshore; circulation; littoral; hydrodynamic; model; Delft3D AB Littoral hydrodynamic models are valuable tools for characterizing near shore waves and currents. There are a number of ways to prescribe boundary conditions for the model. A tide model is used to obtain astronomic boundary conditions, or among other sources, a regional model can provide time series boundary conditions. We investigate the differences imposed by these two types of boundary conditions for 4 model cases-two- and three-dimensional cases at two locations. Furthermore, we investigate how changing the temporal resolution of the time series boundary condition and how varying the horizontal resolution of the regional model affects the model results. C1 [Edwards, Kacey; Veeramony, Jay] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tiffany Nguyen; Sitton, David] QinetiQ N Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Edwards, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800099 ER PT J AU Fribance, DB Wijesekera, HW Teague, WJ AF Fribance, Diane Bennett Wijesekera, Hemantha W. Teague, William J. GP IEEE TI Measurements of hurricane induced high-frequency currents SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE Hurricane; High-frequency waves; Dissipation; Super-inertial ID INTERNAL WAVE-FIELD; DEEP-OCEAN; THERMOCLINE; ENERGY; IVAN AB Hurricanes are powerful, energetic storms that can be fueled by warm ocean waters, while simultaneously driving transport and mixing under their path. Wind-driven mixing is an important mechanism for generating internal waves, and hurricanes are capable of generating particularly high levels of mixing. The internal waves in turn allow diapycnal mixing in the ocean, accelerating heat transfer from the near surface to deeper waters. This plays a role in global thermohaline circulation, affecting heat transfer and therefore density properties throughout the oceans. However, while the importance of internal waves is well established, direct measurements of hurricane-generated internal waves over the shelf and slope regions are scarce. As a result, the mechanisms for the generation of these waves by storms are poorly understood. Here we examine the high frequency response and generation of internal waves by Hurricane Ivan as it travelled over the continental shelf edge and slope in the Gulf of Mexico. Velocity data were collected as part of the Naval Research Laboratory's Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics (SEED) experiment. Moorings consisted of Trawl Resistant Bottom Mounts (TRBMs) in the form of a dome-shaped pod known as a Barny due to its barnacle-like shape. The Barnies housed ADCPs and wave/tide gauges, and during the hurricane were subject to extreme current conditions. In particular, over the shelf where water depths are 60 - 90m and surface waves reached significant wave heights of at least 20 m, bottom currents generated by these waves were over 2 m s(-1). Despite these extreme conditions, which set the nearby National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy 42040 adrift, the Barnies proved themselves to be robust, and continued to measure water velocity and pressure both during and after the hurricane's presence in the region. This was the first test of the instrumentation setup under these extreme conditions, and their survival allowed a unique suite of measurements to be made which would not have otherwise been possible. Two distinct responses were observed over the shallow shelf edge (similar to 90 m) and the deep slope (similar to 500 - 1000 m). During the forcing stage of the hurricane over the shelf edge, internal wave motions were found to be three-dimensional, and after the passage of the hurricane velocity fluctuations became primarily horizontal and lasted about 3 days. Over the slope, inertial (f) and super-inertial waves with frequencies of 2f, 3f, 4f and higher were excited by the hurricane. These super-inertial waves persisted for 2-4 days while near-inertial waves lasted more than a week. The super-inertial fluctuations were found near bottom over the slope (500 - 1000 m) where kinetic energy levels were at least 25 times larger than the kinetic energy level during calm weather, indicating that turbulent dissipation rates and eddy diffusivities increased by two orders of magnitude. The storm-generated super-inertial motions have the potential to enhance mixing in the deeper part of the thermocline. The storm-generated super-inertial motions lead to mixing both along and across isopycnals, acting as a potential vector for warmer waters to reach the deep ocean. C1 [Fribance, Diane Bennett; Wijesekera, Hemantha W.; Teague, William J.] USN, Ocean Sci Branch, Res Labs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fribance, DB (reprint author), USN, Ocean Sci Branch, Res Labs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM diane.bennett.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801013 ER PT J AU Jensen, TG Rogers, WE Gravois, U Campbell, T Allard, R AF Jensen, T. G. Rogers, W. E. Gravois, U. Campbell, T. Allard, R. GP IEEE TI Wave-current interaction in the Florida Current in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES ID TIDES AB The interaction of waves and currents are investigated in the Florida Current region in two events in early April 2005 using a state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean forecast model that includes assimilation of observations. During the first event, strong northerly winds force swell southward opposing the Florida Current. Current-wave interaction results in larger significant wave heights than found without currents. The second event has south-easterly winds with a significant component along the current direction. In that case, significant wave heights are smaller for the simulation that includes wave-current interaction than without that feed-back. Wave heights at buoy locations near the coast is generally in good agreement with the models results, which implies that inclusion of wave-current interaction may not be important near the shore. The simulation includes events where the maximum winds reach 20 m/s and significant wave heights exceed 2 m. C1 [Jensen, T. G.; Rogers, W. E.; Campbell, T.; Allard, R.] USN, Res Lab, NRL, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Gravois, U.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Jensen, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRL, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Tommy.Jensen@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by Office of Naval Research. We thank Travis A. Smith, NRL Stennis Space Center and Jason Nachamkin, NRL Monterey for their assistance with model setup and providing data for boundary and initial conditions. Brian Haus, University of Miami, provided access to the buoy observations. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800120 ER PT J AU Keith, W Foley, A Cipolla, K AF Keith, William Foley, Alia Cipolla, Kimberly GP IEEE TI Wavenumber-Frequency Analysis of Turbulent Wall Pressure Fluctuations over a Wide Reynolds Number Range of Turbulent Pipe Flows SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE turbulence; wavenumber frequency analsysis; pipe flow ID SPECTRA AB Measurements of the autospectra and coherence of turbulent wall pressure fluctuations were made in the circular test section of the Quiet Water Tunnel Facility at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport, Rhode Island. The pipe diameter Reynolds numbers varied from 2.09 x 10(5) to 1.85 x 10(6). The coherence measurements are shown to collapse well with the similarity scaling over the entire range of Reynolds numbers. Wavenumber-frequency spectra are estimated by computing the spatial Fourier transform of the measured coherence, using the model of Corcos. The results are shown to accurately represent the convective ridge portion of the wavernumber-frequency spectra where the dominant energy exists. C1 [Keith, William; Foley, Alia; Cipolla, Kimberly] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Keith, W (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI USA. EM william.keith@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800072 ER PT J AU Laws, K Vesecky, J Paduan, J AF Laws, Kenneth Vesecky, John Paduan, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI Predicting the Capabilities of Ship Monitoring by HF Radar in Coastal Regions SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE HF radar; ship monitoring; marine domain awareness; capability simulation ID SURFACE-WAVE RADAR; SURVEILLANCE AB Maritime domain awareness is important for coastal nations in terms of applications to coastal conservancy, security, fishery and stewardship of their exclusive economic zones (EEZs). Maritime situational awareness involves knowing the location, speed and bearing of ships and boats in the EEZ. HF radar is a useful tool in providing ship information in real time. It is especially effective when combined with information from ship-borne AIS beacons. It is important to be able to simulate HF radar (as well as AIS) performance in a ship-monitoring role, so that the cost-effectiveness of a network of HF radars and AIS beacon receivers can be estimated. A good performance simulation model also allows design trade studies that lead to effective and efficient system design. We describe a radar performance simulation model based on well-known principles and specialized to the Codar SeaSonde HF radar as installed at the Pescadero California station in the California Ocean Current Monitoring Program (COCMP). We include a parameter to account for the loss in propagation across the land-sea transition as well as coupling HF radar waves between antennas and the ground wave propagation mode. We compare performance simulation results in terms of signal to noise ratio with radar observations of ships by the Pescadero HF radar station. We find good qualitative agreement in terms of the ranges at which ships are detected and not detected. C1 [Laws, Kenneth; Vesecky, John] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Paduan, Jeffrey] Naval Postgrad Sch, Oceanography Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Laws, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kip@soe.ucsc.edu; vesecky@soe.ucsc.edu; paduan@nps.navy.mil FU Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program of California Coastal Conservancy, State of California FX Supported in part by the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program of California Coastal Conservancy, State of California NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801008 ER PT J AU Midtgaard, O Hansen, RE Saebo, TO Myers, V Dubberley, JR Quidu, I AF Midtgaard, Oivind Hansen, Roy Edgar Saebo, Torstein Olsmo Myers, Vincent Dubberley, John R. Quidu, Isabelle GP IEEE TI Change Detection Using Synthetic Aperture Sonar: Preliminary Results from the Larvik Trial SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB In April of 2011, FFI led a sea trial near Larvik, Norway on FFIs research vessel the H. U. Sverdrup II with participation by representatives from Canada, United States, and France. One objective of the sea trial was to acquire a data set suitable for examining incoherent and coherent change detection and automated target recognition (ATR) algorithms applied to Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) imagery. The end goal is to produce an automated tool for detecting recently placed objects on the seafloor. To test these algorithms two areas were chosen, one with a comparatively benign seafloor and one with a boulder strewn complex seafloor. Each area was surveyed before and after deployment of objects. The survey time intervals varied from two days to eight days. In this paper we present the trial and show examples of SAS images and change detection of the images. C1 [Midtgaard, Oivind; Hansen, Roy Edgar; Saebo, Torstein Olsmo] Norwegian Def Res Estab FFI, POB 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Myers, Vincent] Def R&D Canada, Halifax, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. [Dubberley, John R.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Quidu, Isabelle] ENSTA Bretagne, E3I2 lab, F-29806 Brest, France. RP Midtgaard, O (reprint author), Norwegian Def Res Estab FFI, POB 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. EM Oivind.Midtgaard@ffi.no NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801173 ER PT J AU Mobasseri, BG Sankepelly, S Lynch, RS AF Mobasseri, Bijan G. Sankepelly, Shruthi Lynch, Robert S. GP IEEE TI Sonar Detection Performance Improvement Using Embedded Watermark SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES ID CHANNELS AB Embedding of a digital watermark in a sonar waveform has been recently proposed. The detection of the watermark is subsequently used for identification and authentication. Generally, a matched filter receiver is used for the detection of unmarked pulses. However, if the pulse carries a watermark we can exploit the knowledge of the watermark to improve the detection rate of the sonar pulse itself. This operation takes place in the proposed joint detector. If the received pulse is unmarked, we show that the detection rate is virtually identical to the matched filter receiver. C1 [Mobasseri, Bijan G.; Sankepelly, Shruthi] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Lynch, Robert S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mobasseri, BG (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM bijan.mobasseri@villanova.edu; shruthi.sankepelly@villanova.edu; robert.s.lynch@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Undersea Warfare Center [N66604-09-M-0050] FX This research is funded by the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, contract N66604-09-M-0050. The authors gratefully acknowledge this support. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801095 ER PT B AU Nguyen, TC Watson, KP AF Nguyen, Thai C. Watson, Kennard P. GP IEEE TI Development of a Collision Model for Mine Clearing Darts SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE collision modeling; aerodynamic interference; rigid body 6-DOF AB This paper describes the development of a collision model for mine clearing darts and its implementation in a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) code for predicting dart trajectories from dispense to ground impact. Previous 6-DOF simulations did not include dart collisions but only mimicked its effects by initializing the darts with random tipoff angles. These simulations provided good predictions of dart impact pattern size and density distribution when compared with flight test data. However, the impact velocity distribution was poorly predicted. To improve results for impact velocities, a collision model is implemented and presented here. The collision detection is based on the algorithm of [ 1] for collisions between finite circular cylinders. By treating the darts as cylinders, geometric features can be exploited for quicker detection, which is very important for keeping the simulation time to a reasonable level. Additional efficiency is achieved by dividing the darts into overlapping rectangular bins. The collision search is performed for dart pairs in individual bins instead of searching the entire dart cloud. With collision modeling implemented, the 6-DOF now provides excellent agreement with flight test data for impact pattern size, density and velocity distribution. C1 [Nguyen, Thai C.; Watson, Kennard P.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Automat Dynam & Special Programs Branch, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Nguyen, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Automat Dynam & Special Programs Branch, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800085 ER PT J AU Posey, PG Hebert, DA Metzger, EJ Wallcraft, AJ Cummings, JA Preller, RH Smedstad, OM Phelps, MW AF Posey, P. G. Hebert, D. A. Metzger, E. J. Wallcraft, A. J. Cummings, J. A. Preller, R. H. Smedstad, O. M. Phelps, M. W. GP IEEE TI Real-time Data Assimilation of Satellite Derived Ice Concentration into the Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System (ACNFS) SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES ID OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; VERTICAL COORDINATE AB Over the last decade, ice conditions in the Arctic have changed dramatically resulting in the Arctic having a minimum in ice extent during the summers of 2007, 2008 and 2010. With this rapidly changing polar environment, the need for accurate ice forecasts is essential. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed the Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System (ACNFS), a two-way coupled ice/ocean system, to forecast ice conditions in the polar regions. This system applies the Los Alamos Community Ice CodE (CICE) coupled via the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) to the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA), a 3-Dimensional VARiational analysis (3DVAR) scheme, is used to assimilate ice and ocean observations into the forecast system. Ice concentration data from two sources: the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observation System (AMSR-E) are used as observations for the ice analysis. Results from the coupled system using both concentration input datasets will be discussed. C1 [Posey, P. G.; Hebert, D. A.; Metzger, E. J.; Wallcraft, A. J.; Cummings, J. A.; Preller, R. H.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Smedstad, O. M.] QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Phelps, M. W.] Jacobs Engn, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Posey, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded as part of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program and the Office of Naval Research. The numerical simulations were performed on the NAVY DSRC IBM P6 using grants of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. This paper is NRL contribution NRL/PP/7320--11-0762 and is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800125 ER PT B AU Prater, JL Marston, TM AF Prater, James L. Marston, Timothy M. GP IEEE TI Partial Synthetic Aperture Beamformer SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE synthetic aperture sonar; autonomatic target recognition; beamforming AB Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) was developed as a means to produce long apertures that can create images at high resolution, usually achieved by collecting data on a platform with a predictable trajectory However, Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) technology has matured and now includes operational conditions where system trajectory is not predictable (e. g. autonomous redirection behavior). Partial aperture SAS (PSAS) can be used to provide image data for autonomous behaviors with relatively low data latency and can be used to minimize the effects of non-linear trajectories on SAS image production by providing imagery with minimal latency, but at lower resolution compared to full aperture imagery. This paper explores a technique that uses a range invariant aperture to form SAS images to provide the highest achievable resolution given a specified maximum aperture length (or data latency). A simulation is used to measure the effect of the range-invariant aperture on resolution and results are compared with theoretical values. PSAS techniques are also used to produce imagery from an existing SAS system, and imagery produced at various aperture lengths is compared. Results show that the effects of PSAS on image quality and resolution are predictable. Therefore, future efforts to develop image queued autonomous behaviors can trade data latency and image resolution to optimize system performance. C1 [Prater, James L.; Marston, Timothy M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL USA. RP Prater, JL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801145 ER PT J AU Shivarudrappa, S Briggs, K Hartmann, V AF Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar Briggs, Kevin Hartmann, Valerie GP IEEE TI Effects of Hypoxia on the Trophic Structure of the Polychaete Communities in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE hypoxia; polychaetes; benthos; diversity; feeding guild ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BAY AB Annelid polychaetes are the most abundant marine benthic invertebrates; they play significant functional roles in any aquatic system. Among many roles, their feeding mode promotes transfer of energy to the next trophic level. Polychaetes exhibit five different feeding guilds: herbivores, carnivores, filter-feeders, surface deposit feeders, and subsurface deposit feeders. The predominance of a feeding mode depends on abiotic factors such as rates of sedimentation, sediment type, organic carbon content, organic matter availability on and within sediments, redox potential, and biochemical oxygen consumption. This study investigates the polychaete community structure and feeding guild pattern in four different provinces with varying hypoxia frequency and history in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Macrobenthos and sediment samples were collected during September 2009 from the northern Gulf of Mexico between the Atchafalaya and Mississippi Rivers to study the effect of hypoxia on feeding guild pattern, abundance and species diversity. Macrobenthos samples were dominated by polychaetes at all four provinces; more than 28 families of polychaetes are represented. The abundance and diversity data were compared with the sediment properties of grain size, organic matter concentration, and sedimentation rate, to help explain the variability in the biological data among provinces using principal component analysis (PCA). The polychaete data were statistically analyzed for species richness and diversity using the Shannon-Wiener index. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis was performed to determine the similarity of the polychaetes communities. C1 [Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar; Hartmann, Valerie] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Briggs, Kevin] Naval Res Lab, Sea Floor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shivarudrappa, S (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM schivaks@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the Naval Research Laboratory, program element 61153N NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801054 ER PT J AU Sternlicht, DD Fernandez, JE Holtzapple, R Kucik, DP Montgomery, TC Loeffler, CM AF Sternlicht, Daniel D. Fernandez, Jose E. Holtzapple, Richard Kucik, Daniel P. Montgomery, Thomas C. Loeffler, Charles M. GP IEEE TI Advanced Sonar Technologies for Autonomous Mine Countermeasures SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB The U.S. Office of Naval Research is developing synthetic aperture sonars for the detection, localization, and classification of mines, for protection of sea lines of communication and Naval operating areas, and for support of amphibious operations. This paper reviews several evolving mine countermeasures sonars deployed on autonomous undersea vehicles that operate stand-alone and in coordination with complementary sensors, including the Small Synthetic Aperture Minehunter (SSAM), the Autonomous Topographic & Large Area Survey (ATLAS) sonar, and the Buried Object Scanning Sonar (BOSS). C1 [Sternlicht, Daniel D.; Fernandez, Jose E.; Holtzapple, Richard; Kucik, Daniel P.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Montgomery, Thomas C.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Loeffler, Charles M.] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Sternlicht, DD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801055 ER PT S AU Sanchez, PJ White, KP AF Sanchez, Paul J. White, K. Preston, Jr. BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI INTERVAL ESTIMATION USING REPLICATION/DELETION AND MSER TRUNCATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) ID SIMULATION; TRANSIENT AB This paper addresses the construction of a consistent interval estimator for the steady-state mean within a replication/deletion framework for output analysis when MSER truncation is applied. Because the MSER truncation point is a random variable, the truncated output sequences for each replication typically are unequal in length. A weighting scheme is applied to the replication means to correct for unequal sample sizes, as is standard in ANOVA. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the procedure and consequences. C1 [Sanchez, Paul J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [White, K. Preston, Jr.] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22976 USA. RP Sanchez, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjsanche@nps.edu; kpwhite@virginia.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School FX This work was completed while the second author was on leave as Visiting Professor in the Operations Research Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 488 EP 494 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520800044 ER PT S AU Schruben, L Singham, D AF Schruben, Lee Singham, Dashi BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI AGENT BASED SIMULATION OUTPUT ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB In most realistic simulations there are multiple outputs of interest and the overall performance of the system can only be estimated in terms of these multiple outputs. We propose a method that uses agent-based modeling to determine a truncation point to remove significant initialization bias. Mapping the output of multiple replications into agent paths that traverse the sample space helps determine when a near steady state has been reached. By viewing these paths in reversed time, qualitative and quantitative methods can be used to determine when the multivariate output is leaving its near-steady state regime as the paths coalesce back towards their common initialization state. The methodology is more efficient and general than typical approaches for finding a truncation point for scalar outputs of individual replicates. Artificial bootstrap-like re-sampling of simulation runs is proposed for expensive simulations to estimate system performance sensitivity. C1 [Schruben, Lee] Univ Calif Berkeley, 4141 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Singham, Dashi] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Schruben, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 4141 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lees@berkeley.edu; dsingham@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 540 EP 548 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520800049 ER PT S AU Hyden, P Ioup, E Russell, S AF Hyden, Paul Ioup, Elias Russell, Stephen BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI COMMUNICATING UNCERTAINTY INFORMATION ACROSS CONCEPTUAL BOUNDARIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) ID WEATHER FORECASTS; PROBABILITY AB Information about data collection and modeling risks are frequently locked with information providers rather than shared with downstream information consumers. Information consumers often ingest products automatically. Without protocols to inject uncertainty, the ensemble modeling products common in the modeling discipline cannot accurately account for the input uncertainty inherent to those products. Future work to establish use cases and incorporate practitioner-driven rules and protocols for transmitting tiered uncertainty information between information product producers and consumers will advance the needs of environmental, social, and economic actors in the ensemble modeling production chain. This in turn will allow for improved error transmission throughout the decision making enterprise. C1 [Hyden, Paul; Russell, Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Code 5585,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ioup, Elias] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hyden, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5585,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hyden@nrl.navy.mil; elias.ioup@nrlssc.navy.mil; ste-phen.russell@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was funded in part by the Naval Research Laboratory base funding program. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 1096 EP 1102 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520801034 ER PT S AU Sanchez, SM Wan, H AF Sanchez, Susan M. Wan, Hong BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI BETTER THAN A PETAFLOP: THE POWER OF EFFICIENT EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) ID SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; OPTIMIZATION AB Recent advances in high-performance computing have pushed computational capabilities to a petaflop (a thousand trillion operations per second) in a single computing cluster. This breakthrough has been hailed as a way to fundamentally change science and engineering by letting people perform experiments that were previously beyond reach. But for those interested in exploring the I/O behavior of their simulation model, efficient experimental design has a much higher payoff at a much lower cost. A well-designed experiment allows the analyst to examine many more factors than would otherwise be possible, while providing insights that cannot be gleaned from trial-and-error approaches or by sampling factors one at a time. We present the basic concepts of experimental design, the types of goals it can address, and why it is such an important and useful tool for simulation. Ideally, this tutorial will entice you to use experimental designs in your upcoming simulation studies. C1 [Sanchez, Susan M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wan, Hong] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ssanchez@nps.edu; hwan@purdue.edu FU U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center Monterey (TRAC-MTRY); Department of Defense's Modeling & Simulation Coordination Office (MSCO); Netcentric Systems Test Science & Technology focus area (NST ST) FX This tutorial is an updated version of Sanchez and Wan (2009). This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center Monterey (TRAC-MTRY), the Department of Defenses Modeling & Simulation Coordination Office (M&SCO), and the Netcentric Systems Test Science & Technology focus area (NST S&T). Portions of this tutorial appeared earlier in Sanchez (2008a, 2008b). Thanks to David Kelton and Paul Sanchez for helpful comments. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 1436 EP 1450 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520801066 ER PT S AU Al Rowaei, AA Buss, AH Lieberman, S AF Al Rowaei, Ahmed A. Buss, Arnold H. Lieberman, Stephen BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI THE EFFECTS OF TIME ADVANCE MECHANISM ON SIMPLE AGENT BEHAVIORS IN COMBAT SIMULATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) ID EVENT AB We investigate the effects of time advance mechanisms on the behavior of agents in combat simulations using some simple scenarios relevant to combat and agent-based models. We implement these simulation designs in two modeling packages that illustrate the differences between discrete-time simulation (DTS) and discrete-event simulation (DES) methodologies. Many combat models use DTS as their simulation time advance mechanism. We demonstrate that the presence and size of the time step as a modeling component can have a substantial impact on the basic characteristics of agent and simulation performance. We show that the use of a DTS method can degrade the modeling accuracy of changes in agent sensor range and detection outcomes, and also can compromise the ability of agents to travel to specific target destinations in a spatial simulation environment. We conclude that DES methodology successfully addresses these problems and is preferred as a time advance mechanism in these situations. C1 [Al Rowaei, Ahmed A.; Buss, Arnold H.; Lieberman, Stephen] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Al Rowaei, AA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM aalrowae@nps.edu; abuss@nps.edu; stephen-lieberman@gmail.com NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2426 EP 2437 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802067 ER PT S AU Singham, D Therkildsen, M Schruben, L AF Singham, Dashi Therkildsen, Meredith Schruben, Lee BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI APPLICATIONS OF FLOCKING ALGORITHMS TO INPUT MODELING FOR AGENT MOVEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB Simulation flocking has been introduced as a method for generating simulation input from multivariate dependent time series for sensitivity and risk analysis. It can be applied to data for which a parametric model is not readily available or imposes too many restrictions on the possible inputs. This method uses techniques from agent-based modeling to generate a flock of boids that follow the data. In this paper, we apply simulation flocking to a border crossing scenario to determine if waypoints simulated from flocking can be used to provide improved information on the number of hostiles successfully crossing the border. Analysis of the output reveals scenario limitations and potential areas of improvement in the patrol strategy. C1 [Singham, Dashi; Therkildsen, Meredith] USN, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Schruben, Lee] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singham, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dsingham@nps.edu; matherki@nps.edu; lees@berkeley.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2438 EP 2444 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802068 ER PT S AU Blais, C AF Blais, Curtis BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI APPLICATION OF COALITION BATTLE MANAGEMENT LANGUAGE (C-BML) AND C-BML SERVICES TO LIVE, VIRTUAL, AND CONSTRUCTIVE (LVC) SIMULATION ENVIRONMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB Information sharing is a key requirement in Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) simulation environments. Operational plans, orders, and requests from live, virtual, or constructive command and control systems or simulations need to be received by and operated on by receiving LVC systems. Situational reports from the LVC systems need to be received and interpreted or displayed by receiving LVC systems. Many simulation systems have not been developed with capabilities for robust interactions with other simulations beyond federation capabilities obtained through such protocols as the High Level Architecture (HLA) or the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS). The Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) is an emerging standard from the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) developed to address the need for such information sharing across real-world command and control systems and simulations in LVC environments. This paper provides an overview of the C-BML standard and describes its application to information interchange across LVC systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Blais, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM clblais@nps.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2582 EP 2594 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802081 ER PT S AU Hyland, JC Smith, CM AF Hyland, John C. Smith, Cheryl M. BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND LAYERED ANALYSIS TOOL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division (NSWC-PCD) has developed a System Performance and Layered Analysis Tool (SPLAT) using MATLAB. The overall goal is to detect terrorist threats, particularly in an open crowded area, in a timely manner. Given a sensor configuration and a scenario specification, it combines a layered set of threat detection sensors to determine overall system performance in terms of probability of detection, probability of false alarm, and cost. SPLAT avoids overly optimistic performance estimates inherent when a series of closely spaced detection events are modeled as discrete, independent Bernoulli trials. SPLAT describes all sensors using multi-dimensional lookup tables, thereby circumventing the need to mathematically model complex sensor performance functions. This methodology is sufficiently general that it can be applied to a broad class of problems where multiple stationary sensors attempt to detect a moving target. C1 [Hyland, John C.; Smith, Cheryl M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Hyland, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2595 EP 2606 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802082 ER PT S AU Floore, TE Gilman, GH AF Floore, Timothy E. Gilman, George H. BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI DESIGN AND CAPABILITIES OF AN ENHANCED NAVAL MINE WARFARE SIMULATION FRAMEWORK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City Division (NSWC PCD) designed and implemented a new tool, The Rapid Mine Simulation System Enterprise Architecture (RMSSEA), to support existing naval mine warfare simulations and to provide enhanced future mine warfare capabilities. RMSSEA supports existing physics-based models of Navy assets and threats in order to provide ship susceptibility and sweep effectiveness measures. The tool expands support for modeling of future systems, including ma-neuverable surface and underwater unmanned systems. Additionally, RMSSEA allows for simulations of distributed sensor and mobile warhead devices. The tool incorporates improved automation and visualization, which reduces simulation setup time and supports increased focus on results analysis. C1 [Floore, Timothy E.; Gilman, George H.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Floore, TE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM timothy.floore@navy.mil; george.gilman@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2607 EP 2613 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802083 ER PT S AU Heath, SK Brailsford, SC Buss, A Macal, CM AF Heath, Susan K. Brailsford, Sally C. Buss, Arnold Macal, Charles M. BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI CROSS-PARADIGM SIMULATION MODELING: CHALLENGES AND SUCCESSES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) ID DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB This paper addresses the broad topic area of cross-paradigm simulation modeling with a focus on the discrete-event, system dynamics and agent-based paradigms. It incorporates contributions from four panel members with diverse perspectives and areas of expertise. First, each paradigm is described and definitions are presented. The difference between the process-oriented worldview and the event-oriented worldview within discrete-event simulation modeling, and the importance of this difference for cross-paradigm modeling, are discussed. Following the definitions, discussion of cross-paradigm modeling is given for each pair of these paradigms, highlighting current challenges and early successes in these areas. The basic time-advance mechanisms used in simulation modeling are also discussed, and the implications of these mechanisms for each paradigm is explored. C1 [Heath, Susan K.] USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Brailsford, Sally C.] Univ Southampton, Sch Management, Southampton SO171BJ, Hants, England. [Buss, Arnold] MOVES Inst, Naval PostGrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Macal, Charles M.] Argonne Natl Lab, CAS2, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heath, SK (reprint author), USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM skheath@nps.edu; s.c.brailsford@soton.ac.uk; abuss@nps.edu; macal@anl.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2783 EP 2797 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520803008 ER PT S AU Vieira, H Sanchez, SM Kienitz, KH Belderrain, MCN AF Vieira, Helcio, Jr. Sanchez, Susan M. Kienitz, Karl Heinz Neyra Belderrain, Mischel Carmen BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI IMPROVED EFFICIENT, NEARLY ORTHOGONAL, NEARLY BALANCED MIXED DESIGNS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB Designed experiments are powerful ways to gain insights into the behavior of complex simulation models. In recent years, many new designs have been created to address the large number of factors and complex response surfaces that often arise in simulation studies, but handling discrete-valued or qualitative factors remains problematic. We proposed a framework for generating, with a (given) limited number of design points n, a design which is nearly orthogonal and also nearly balanced for any mix of factor types (categorical, numerical discrete, and numerical continuous) and/or mix of factor levels. Our approach can be used to create designs with low maximum absolute pairwise correlation, low imbalance level, and high D-optimality for simulation problems with mixed factor types. Our mixed designs are much more efficient than existing alternatives. C1 [Vieira, Helcio, Jr.; Kienitz, Karl Heinz; Neyra Belderrain, Mischel Carmen] Technol Inst Aeronaut, Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50, BR-12228900 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Sanchez, Susan M.] Univ Circle 1, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Vieira, H (reprint author), Technol Inst Aeronaut, Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50, BR-12228900 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM junior_hv@yahoo.com.br; ssanchez@nps.edu; kienitz@ita.br; carmen@ita.br RI Kienitz, Karl/J-8773-2013 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 3600 EP 3611 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520803079 ER PT S AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, G. T. BE Fuchigami, T Cheek, GT Fry, A TI Voltammetric Study of Fluorenone Complexation by Lewis Acids in an Ionic Liquid SO RECENT PROGRESS IN SYNTHETIC AND MECHANISTIC ORGANIC ELECTROCHEMISTRY SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS)/Symposium on Recent Progress in Synthetic and Mechanistic Organic Electrochemistry/Symposium on Organic and Biological Electrochemistry General Poster Session/Nanotechnology General Session CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Organ & Biolog Electrochem, New Technol Subcomm AB The complexation of fluorenone by various Lewis acid triflates has been investigated in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethansulfonate (BMPY TfO). Addition of Yb(TfO)(3), La(TfO)(3), and Sc(TfO)(3) produce an approximately 400 mV positive potential shift in the initial fluorenone reduction process. This process occurs as two merged peaks, probably due to fluorenone complexes having varying numbers of triflate ligands. By contrast, Hf(TfO)(4) produces a single reduction peak shifted by +1.0 V from uncomplexed fluorenone. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-918-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 16 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1149/1.3646928 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BYV56 UT WOS:000300609100003 ER PT J AU Kim, M Kim, CS Merritt, CD Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Merritt, C. D. Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI High-Performance Interband Cascade Lasers for lambda=3-5.5 mu m SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE C1 [Kim, M.; Kim, C. S.; Merritt, C. D.; Canedy, C. L.; Bewley, W. W.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 BP 676 EP 677 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700338 ER PT S AU Chen, X Rowe, NC AF Chen, Xiao Rowe, Neil C. GP IEEE TI An Energy-Efficient Communication Scheme in Wireless Cable Sensor Networks SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 05-09, 2011 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, Sci Council Japan AB Nowadays wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a great deal of study due to their low cost and wide-range applications. Most of the sensors used so far are point sensors which have a disc-shaped sensing region. In this paper, we study a new type of sensor: the fiber optic cable sensor. Unlike a traditional point sensor, this type of sensor has a rectangular sensing region with a processor installed on it to do processing and communication. Like wireless sensor networks with point sensors, energy-efficient communication is still an important issue in wireless sensor networks with cable sensors because of the need to efficiently use limited resources. To address the issue, we propose a Cable Mode Transition (CMT) algorithm, which determines the minimal number of active sensors to maintain K-coverage of a terrain as well as K-connectivity of the network. Specifically, it allocates periods of inactivity for cable sensors without affecting the coverage and connectivity requirements of the network based only on local information. Before presenting CMT, we first show the relationship between coverage and connectivity, then the eligibility algorithm permitting a cable sensor to decide whether to stay active. CMT calls the eligibility algorithm to schedule cables. Simulation results show that our scheme is efficient in saving energy and thus can prolong the lifetime of wireless cable sensor networks. C1 [Chen, Xiao] Southwest Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Rowe, Neil C.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Southwest Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM xc10@txstate.edu; ncrowe@nps.edu FU NSF [CBET 0729696] FX This research was supported by NSF grant CBET 0729696. This work represents the opinions of the authors only and does not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-61284-233-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXG34 UT WOS:000296057103154 ER PT S AU Boeneman, K Prasuhn, DE Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Melinger, JS Ancona, M Stewart, MH Susumu, K Huston, A Medintz, IL AF Boeneman, Kelly Prasuhn, Duane E. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Melinger, Joseph S. Ancona, Mario Stewart, Michael H. Susumu, Kimihiro Huston, Alan Medintz, Igor L. BE Parak, WJ Yamamoto, K Osinski, M TI Quantum dots as a FRET donor and nanoscaffold for multivalent DNA photonic wires SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS/NANOCRYSTALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots/Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications VI CY JAN 22-24, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum dots; organic dyes; FRET; DNA ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; NANOCRYSTALS; STABILITY; LIGANDS; PRIMERS; CDSE AB We demonstrate Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) through DNA photonic wires self-assembled around a central CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dot (QD). The central QD acts as a nanoscaffold and FRET donor to a series of acceptor dyes along a DNA strand. By utilizing a DNA intercalating dye, altering the location of the dyes and using a series of increasingly red-shifted dyes along the DNA, we are able to track the efficiency of energy transfer through the DNA photonic structure via steady-state spectroscopy. Data suggests that limiting factors for efficient energy transfer are the sub-obtimal photophysical properties of acceptor dyes, including low quantum yields. These issues may be addressed with improved configurations of QDs, DNA and dyes. The development of biophotonic wire assemblies utilizing the superior photophysical properties of QDs will have widespread application in nanotechnology. C1 [Boeneman, Kelly; Prasuhn, Duane E.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boeneman, K (reprint author), USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014 OI Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-446-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7909 AR 79090R DI 10.1117/12.879272 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BXZ87 UT WOS:000297729500013 ER PT S AU Kanaev, AV Hou, W Woods, S AF Kanaev, A. V. Hou, W. Woods, S. BE Huckridge, DA Ebert, RR TI Multi-frame Underwater Image Restoration SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems - Technology and Applications VIII CY SEP 21-22, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE underwater imaging; multi-frame restoration; imaging through turbulence AB Ability to image underwater is highly desired for scientific and military applications, including optical communications, submarine awareness, diver visibility, and mine detection. Underwater imaging is severely impaired by scattering and optical turbulence associated with refraction index fluctuations. This work introduces novel approach to restoration of degraded underwater imagery based on multi-frame correction technique developed for atmospheric distortions. The method represents synthesis of "lucky-region" fusion and optical flow based image warping. Developed multi-frame image restoration algorithm is applied to sets of images collected in laboratory under controlled conditions as well as field test data. Reliance of image restoration on sophistication of the optical flow algorithm is shown. Variable degrees of image degradation mitigation which manifest themselves as high spatial frequency content recovery are demonstrated depending on imaging conditions and ratio of typical image spatial frequency scale to typical degradation spatial frequency scale. C1 [Kanaev, A. V.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-813-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8185 AR 81850O DI 10.1117/12.898914 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BXY49 UT WOS:000297622500022 ER PT J AU Giuseppe, JS Hager, C Tait, GB AF Giuseppe, John S. Hager, Carl Tait, Gregory B. TI Wireless RF Energy Propagation in Multiply-Connected Reverberant Spaces SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Coupled cavities; reverberant energy propagation AB Electromagnetic compatibility of electronic systems in reverberant environments is an important issue in the deployment of wireless communications and sensor networks in below-deck compartments of ships and in aircraft cabins and bays. The cumulative buildup and full exchange of radiated electromagnetic energy between multiply-connected reverberant spaces are examined using a simple model adapted from the field of acoustics. Based on conservation of average energy in the diffuse fields, the general model formulation is valid for both weak and strong couplings between the cavities caused by window materials, open apertures, closed and open hatches, seams, and cable/pipe penetrations through bulkheads. Physical energy loss and coupling parameters in three connected chambers are determined from an overlay of model solutions to time-resolved received power measurements, and they can subsequently be used to assess wireless emission coverage and shielding of structures in the connected spaces. C1 [Giuseppe, John S.; Hager, Carl; Tait, Gregory B.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Giuseppe, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 10 BP 1251 EP 1254 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2175195 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 852PT UT WOS:000297370600002 ER PT S AU Cooper, KP Wachter, RF AF Cooper, Khershed P. Wachter, Ralph F. BE Postek, MT Coleman, VA TI Challenges and Opportunities in Nanomanufacturing SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors V CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST) DE nanomaterials; nanopatterning; nanostructures; direct digital nanomanufacturing; system-level integration; high-speed nanomanufacturing ID METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; BLEND MEMBRANES AB Nanomanufacturing is the fabrication of materials and components with nanoscale features and resolution and their integration into useful engineered systems. Through the precise control of materials and processes at the nanoscale, new features, functional capabilities, and properties, controlled by physics at the nanoscale, may be realized. The challenges for nanomanufacturing are achieving the desired functionality, product quality, process repeatability, production scalability and cost affordability. The ONR Manufacturing Science Program is meeting these challenges though basic research in nano-scale direct digital manufacturing, massively parallel nanoscale processing, and high-throughput (e. g., roll-to-roll) nanofabrication that encourages system-level integration. These concepts along with research examples will be described. C1 [Cooper, Khershed P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM khershed.cooper@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-715-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8105 AR 810503 DI 10.1117/12.894415 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BXY02 UT WOS:000297587400001 ER PT S AU Crane, NJ O'Brien, FP Forsberg, JA Potter, BK Elster, EA AF Crane, Nicole J. O'Brien, Frederick P. Forsberg, Jonathan A. Potter, Benjamin K. Elster, Eric A. BE Alfano, RR Demos, SG TI Developing a toolbox for analysis of warrior wound biopsies: vibrational spectroscopy SO OPTICAL BIOPSY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Biopsy IX CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE combat wounds; biopsies; wound effluent; Raman spectroscopy; FT-IR imaging ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TARGET ENTROPY MINIMIZATION; SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; IN-VIVO; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RELEVANT MICROORGANISMS; RISK-FACTORS; BONE TISSUE AB The management of modern traumatic war wounds remains a significant challenge for clinicians. This is a reflection of the extensive osseous and soft-tissue damage caused by blasts and high-energy projectiles. The ensuing inflammatory response ultimately dictates the pace of wound healing and tissue regeneration. Consequently, the eventual timing of wound closure or definitive coverage is often subjectively based. Some wounds require an extended period of time to close or fail to remain closed, despite the use and application of novel wound-specific treatment modalities. Aside from impaired wound healing, additional wound complications include wound infection, biofilm formation, and heterotopic ossification (the pathological mineralization of soft tissues). An understanding of the molecular environment of acute wounds throughout the debridement process can provide valuable insight into the mechanisms associated with the eventual wound outcome. The analysis of Raman spectra of ex vivo wound biopsy tissue obtained from serial traumatic wound debridements reveals a decreased 1665 cm(-1)/1445 cm(-1) band area ratio in impaired healing wounds, indicative of an impaired remodeling process, in addition to a decreased 1240 cm(-1)/1270cm(-1). The examination of debrided tissue exhibits mineralization during the early development of heterotopic ossification. Finally, preliminary results suggest that Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) images of wound effluent may be able to provide early microbiological information about the wound. C1 [Crane, Nicole J.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Crane, NJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. OI Potter, MD, Benjamin K./0000-0002-8771-0317 NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8432-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7895 AR 78950O DI 10.1117/12.877478 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY50 UT WOS:000297622800017 ER PT S AU Lane, PA Richardson, TH AF Lane, Paul A. Richardson, Tim H. BE Shinar, R Kymissis, I TI Fluorescent Detection of NO2 by Free Base Tetraphenyl Porphyrins SO ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS IN SENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Semiconductors in Sensors and Bioelectronics IV CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical sensor; NO2; fluorescence; absorption; porphyrin ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; SENSOR; DERIVATIVES; POLYMER; FILMS AB The absorption and fluorescence of free base, tetraphenyl-substituted porphyrins are shown to be sensitive to exposure to NO2. The Soret band absorption red-shifts and fluorescence is quenched by an order of magnitude. The fluorescence spectrum of a gassed sample is also red-shifted and broadened following exposure. Several solid state embodiments of a fluorescent sensor based upon free base porphyrins are proposed. C1 [Lane, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-728-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8118 AR 81180J DI 10.1117/12.896192 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY54 UT WOS:000297625300007 ER PT S AU Zeller, J Manzur, T AF Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq BE Carapezza, EM TI Effects of evaporation layer on free-space optical communication links near sea surface at 1.55 mu m SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks VIII CY SEP 20-21, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE Free-space optics; evaporation layer; communication networks; infrared lasers; MODTRAN; Fried parameter ID PARAMETER AB Free-space optics (FSO) holds the potential for high bandwidth communication in situations where landline communication is not practical, with relatively low cost and maintenance. For FSO communication in maritime environments, laser beams propagating through the evaporation layer near the sea surface are affected by turbulence, the scattering coefficients of the water particles, and the salt water itself. To better gauge and understand the effects of turbulence on FSO communication, the refractive index structure parameter C-n(2), which relates to scintillation strength, is determined from database of environmental parameters experimentally measured near the sea surface. A high speed Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is utilized to measure wavefront distortion of a beam transmitted though the evaporation layer, and thus determine the extent of turbulence encountered along the optical pathway. Through the use of adaptive optics, the wavefront of a transmitted beam is modulated in real time to compensate for turbulence, thereby providing optimal FSO reception. The Kalman filter method is also employed to reconstruct an original undistorted image from a series of sequential transmitted images altered by turbulence. In addition, atmospheric, free-space, and scintillation losses are analyzed and predicted for extended optical path lengths in view of their impact on FSO data transfer and communication. Furthermore, the effects of weather conditions on FSO transmission are investigated through MODTRAN based modeling at 1.55 mu m wavelength, where multiple elevation angles are considered. Using advanced techniques, many limitations associated with infrared FSO transmission and reception in the evaporation layer may be overcome or circumvented. C1 [Zeller, John; Manzur, Tariq] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zeller, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-812-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8184 DI 10.1117/12.902685 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BXY51 UT WOS:000297623200006 ER PT S AU Ge, HY Kirsteins, IP AF Ge, Hongya Kirsteins, Ivars P. GP IEEE TI MULTI-RANK PROCESSING FOR PASSIVE RANGING IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENTS SUBJECT TO SPATIAL COHERENCE LOSS SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Prague Congress Ctr, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Processing Soc, IEEE HO Prague Congress Ctr DE Passive Source Localization; Parameter Estimation Performance ID ARRIVAL ESTIMATION; WAVE-FRONTS; DIRECTION AB In this work we derive the maximum likelihood estimator for passive wavefront curvature ranging systems operating in environments subject to a spatial coherence loss. As a consequence of the spatial coherence loss, the optimum processor is no longer a rank-1 matched filter and now instead involves a multi-rank weighted combination of the data based on the coherence matrix eigenvectors and eigenvalues. We also establish an interesting connection of our proposed multi-rank processor to the conventional rank-1 processor, and to the non-coherence sub-array processor, under different operating conditions. A comparative study is carried out in evaluating the performance of the proposed processors. C1 [Ge, Hongya] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Kirsteins, Ivars P.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ge, HY (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. FU THE ONR AND NUWC FX THIS WORK HAS BEEN PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY THE ONR AND NUWC. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4577-0539-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2011 BP 2692 EP 2695 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXG36 UT WOS:000296062403027 ER PT S AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. GP IEEE TI PROPORTIONATE-TYPE NORMALIZED LEAST MEAN SQUARE ALGORITHM WITH GAIN ALLOCATION MOTIVATED BY MINIMIZATION OF MEAN-SQUARE-WEIGHT DEVIATION FOR COLORED INPUT SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Prague Congress Ctr, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Processing Soc, IEEE HO Prague Congress Ctr DE Adaptive filtering; convergence; proportionate-type normalized least mean square (PtNLMS) algorithm AB In previous work, a water-filling algorithm was proposed which sought to minimize the mean square error (MSE) at any given time by optimally choosing the gains (i.e. step-sizes) each time instance. This work relied on the assumption that the input signal was white. In this paper, an algorithm is derived which operates when the input signal is colored. The proposed algorithm minimizes the mean square weight deviation which is important in many applications such as system identification. Additionally, it is shown that by minimizing the mean square weight deviation, an upper bound on the MSE is also minimized. The proposed algorithm offers improved misalignment and learning curve convergence rates relative to other standard algorithms. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4577-0539-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2011 BP 4124 EP 4127 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXG36 UT WOS:000296062404158 ER PT J AU Deng, Y AF Deng, Yong BE Volgy, TJ Corbetta, R Grant, KA Baird, RG TI The Power and Politics of Recognition: Status in China's Foreign Relations SO MAJOR POWERS AND THE QUEST FOR STATUS IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES SE Evolutionary Processes in World Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23011-931-4 J9 EVOL PROC WORLD POL PY 2011 BP 77 EP 95 D2 10.1057/9780230119314 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWT11 UT WOS:000294769700005 ER PT J AU Lillibridge, J Scharroo, R Jacobs, G Russell, L Tabor, V AF Lillibridge, John Scharroo, Remko Jacobs, Gregg Russell, Lamar Tabor, Vincent TI Quality Assessment of the Jason-2 Operational and Interim Geophysical Data Records SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Near real-time sea level; Jason-2; satellite altimetry; calibration ID OCEAN; ALTIMETRY; MISSION AB The Ocean Surface Topography Mission onboard the Jason-2 satellite represents a transition fromthe Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1 research altimetry missions, operated by NASA and CNES, to an operational mission that now includes NOAA and EUMETSAT. The near real-time (NRT) data production and distribution is shared by NOAA and EUMETSAT. This paper describes how the Jason-2 data are shared within the United States between NOAA and Navy entities. Differences between the NRT products and offline products are assessed to determine if the NRT products are accurate enough to meet the operational needs of wind/wave and sea surface height applications. C1 [Lillibridge, John] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Scharroo, Remko] Altimetrics LLC, Cornish, NH USA. [Jacobs, Gregg] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Russell, Lamar] USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Measurements Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tabor, Vincent] NOAA, Comp Operat Branch, Suitland, MD USA. RP Lillibridge, J (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, 1335 EW Hwy,E-RA31, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM John.Lillibridge@noaa.gov RI Scharroo, Remko/F-5623-2010; Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X FU NASA FX This investigation was supported in part by the NASA Ocean Surface Topography program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 191 EP 213 DI 10.1080/01490419.2011.584827 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 855CQ UT WOS:000297541600002 ER PT S AU Zhang, P Lau, YY Tang, W Gomez, MR French, DM Zier, JC Gilgenbach, RM AF Zhang, Peng Lau, Y. Y. Tang, W. Gomez, M. R. French, D. M. Zier, J. C. Gilgenbach, R. M. GP IEEE TI Contact Resistance with Dissimilar Materials: Bulk Contacts and Thin Film Contacts SO 2011 IEEE 57TH HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS SE Electrical Contacts-IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE contact resistance; electrical contacts; contact potential; thin films; dissimilar materials; constriction resistance; spreading resistance AB Contact resistance is important to integrated circuits and thin film devices, carbon nanotube based cathodes and interconnects, field emitters, wire-array z-pinches, metal-insulator-vacuum junctions, and high power microwave sources, etc. In other applications, the electrical contacts are formed by thin film structures of a few microns thickness, such as in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) relays and microconnector systems. This paper summarizes the recent modeling efforts at the University of Michigan, addressing the effect of dissimilar materials and of finite dimensions on the contact resistance of both bulk contacts and thin film contacts. The Cartesian and cylindrical geometries are analyzed. Accurate analytical scaling laws are constructed for the contact resistance of both bulk contacts and thin film contacts over a large range of aspect ratios and resistivity ratios. These were validated against known limiting cases and spot-checks with numerical simulations. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Lau, Y. Y.; Gilgenbach, R. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhang, Peng; Tang, W.; French, D. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Gomez, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zier, J. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Zhang, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM yylau@umich.edu RI Zhang, Peng/C-8257-2011 OI Zhang, Peng/0000-0003-0606-6855 FU AFOSR grant on the Basic Physics of Distributed Plasma Discharges; L-3 Communications Electron Device Division; Northrop-Grumman Corporation; University of Michigan Institute for Plasma Science and Engineering FX This work was supported by an AFOSR grant on the Basic Physics of Distributed Plasma Discharges, L-3 Communications Electron Device Division, and Northrop-Grumman Corporation. Two of us (PZ and DMF) gratefully acknowledge a fellowship from the University of Michigan Institute for Plasma Science and Engineering. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-6808 BN 978-1-61284-648-4 J9 ELECTR CONTACT PY 2011 DI 10.1109/HOLM.2011.6034777 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU61 UT WOS:000297131500005 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Modi, M Stanco, J AF Shannon, Russell Modi, Mukund Stanco, Joe GP IEEE TI Achieving Optimum Test by Applying Standardization SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (IMS) DE component; ATS Framework; diagnostics; prognostics; testability AB Over the past two decades, the US Department of Defense (DoD) has seen the introduction of weapon systems that do not meet their diagnostic requirements when initially fielded. Some suffer false alarm rates over eighty percent [ 1]. During a product's lifecycle, the ability to determine how well it performs is based on the capability to test and the evaluation of those tests. Different tests and evaluations are required throughout the product's lifecycle. These tests must, therefore, have the standards that define parameters, techniques and procedures for measurements that present an accurate and precise communication of information. In order to effectively accomplish this task, the development of quality tests capable of supporting these tasks must be defined and documented for the design, production, and operations-and-support phases of a system's lifecycle. As a product proceeds through its life cycle, the information collected at each phase must be used for the support of subsequent phases. Demonstrations of avionics system and subsystem diagnostic capability are performed before a system or subsystem is verified. This ordinarily happens during the System Design and Demonstration phase of a program. In the case of aircraft or ground vehicles, there are several subsystem demonstrations, followed by a single system-level event. A major issue plaguing the development of aircraft avionics systems is the lack of standardized methods to demonstrate full testability in a scientific and efficient manner before an aircraft is fielded. This is usually due to budgetary, schedule and knowledge constraints. Shannon and Knecht [1] surveyed diagnostic managers in government and Industry regarding the current state of test on major aircraft acquisition programs. The authors reported that there was "agreement that current guidance was insufficient to prevent erroneous, incomplete or insufficient testing at the system or subsystem level" before an aircraft was fielded. Each phase of the acquisition process can be decomposed into a set of processes that can be grouped together. These groups can be further decomposed until there is sufficient information to completely describe the process. Using this technique, a hierarchical set of data items and their associated processes can be defined. From this group, the processes involved in testing can now be identified and used in activities that have multiple applications. In this paper, the authors present the process flows associated with the development and testing of a system. The authors identify where those processes typically break down "in the real world", due to constraints such as budget, schedule, lack of training/guidance for those involved, and other factors. The authors then recommend use of existing standards, at appropriate "break points", and suggest where new industry-wide standards need to be developed if one does not currently exist. C1 [Shannon, Russell; Modi, Mukund] USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. [Stanco, Joe] Support Sys Associat, Lakehurst, NJ USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; mukund.modi@navy.mil; jstanco@ssai.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600021 ER PT S AU Modi, M Stanco, J AF Modi, Mukund Stanco, Joe GP IEEE TI Demonstrating the capabilities of IEEE SIMICA standards in support of the DoD ATS Framework in a net-centric maintenance environment SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (IMS) DE net-centric; semantic awarness AB A family of standards, Software Interface for Maintenance Information Collection and Analysis (SIMICA), that meets the needs and objectives of the ATS Framework Working Group's [1] Maintenance Test Data and Services requirement has been developed by the Diagnostic Maintenance Committee (DMC) of IEEE SCC20. SIMICA is an implementation independent specification for a software interface between information systems that contain diagnosis and maintenance data. The SIMICA standard [2] addresses the collection, exchange, and analysis of the data. Two approved trial use standards were the focus of the Phase III demonstration that took place at AUTOTESTCON in 2010. This demonstration showed the utilization of these standards in the documentation of the maintenance actions associated with the removal, repair, and replacement of system components required to maintain / support an operational system and the test results that allows for the recording of the test execution and observations. This paper outlines the processes and the application of the standards required to share information in a net-centric environment and demonstrates this capability. C1 [Modi, Mukund] Naval A Sys Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. [Stanco, Joe] Support Syst Associat, Lakehurst, NJ USA. RP Modi, M (reprint author), Naval A Sys Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. EM mukund.modi@navy.mil; jstanco@ssai.org NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600030 ER PT S AU Headrick, WJ Davis, TW Bodkin, MA Dusch, K Fox, RR Wolfe, D AF Headrick, William J. Davis, Timothy W. Bodkin, Michael A. Dusch, Kevin Fox, Robert R. Wolfe, Dan GP IEEE TI Signal Based Domain Specific Language (SBDSL) a proposal for a Next Generation Test SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (IMS) AB Signal Based Domain Specific Language (SBDSL) is a domain specific language which combines the use of ATLAS Signal statements with high-level programming language constructs. The goals of this new language are: facilitate the writing of concurrent test programs, provide a language that is easy to extend with new constructs, maintain backwards compatibility with ATLAS Family of languages, enable interoperability between test stations, and enable engineers' fresh out of college to quickly become productive with a test programming language. This paper will cover how the design of the SBDSL language, SBDSL Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and runtime executable will accomplish these goals and present results from the technology demonstration developed. C1 [Headrick, William J.; Bodkin, Michael A.] Lockheed Martin Global Training & Logist GTL, 100 Global Innovat Circle, Orlando, FL 32825 USA. [Davis, Timothy W.; Fox, Robert R.] NAVAIR, Jacksonville, FL 32221 USA. [Dusch, Kevin] NAVAIR, Kevin Dusch, MD 20620 USA. [Wolfe, Dan] NAVAIR Support Contract, Jacksonville, FL 32221 USA. RP Headrick, WJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Global Training & Logist GTL, 100 Global Innovat Circle, Orlando, FL 32825 USA. EM William.J.Headrick@lmco.com; Timothy.W.Davis1@navy.mil; Michael.A.Bodkin@lmco.com; Kevin.Dusch@navy.mil; Robert.R.Fox@navy.mil; Dan.Wolfe@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 240 EP 244 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600038 ER PT S AU Burger, M Jaworowski, C Meseroll, R AF Burger, Michael Jaworowski, Christopher Meseroll, Robert GP IEEE TI V-22 Aircraft Flight Data Mining SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (I&M) DE V-22; data-mining; text-mining; maintenance actions; diagnostics AB The Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) produces and supports highly complex aircraft weapons systems which provide advanced capabilities required to defend U. S. freedoms. Supporting said complex systems such as the MV-22/CV-22 aircraft requires being able to troubleshoot and mitigate complex failure modes in dynamic operational environments. Since an aircraft is comprised of multiple systems designed by specialty sub-vendors and subsequently brought together by an aircraft integrator, diagnostics at the aircraft level are usually "good enough" but not capable of 100% fault isolation to a single component. Today's system components must be highly integrated and are required to communicate via high speed data-bus conduits which require precise synchronization between systems. Failure modes of aircraft are identified via design, analysis and test prior to fielding of the weapon system. However, not all failure modes are typically known at the time of system Initial Operational Capability, but rather are found in the field by maintainers/pilots and then subsequently mitigated with aircraft engineering changes or system replacements. Also, the requirement for increased capabilities can drive the need for new systems to be integrated into an aircraft system that may not have been considered in the initial design and support concept. There is a plethora of maintenance action detail collected by pilots, maintenance officers (MO) and engineers that can and should be used to identify failure mode trends that come to light during the operational phase of an aircraft. New troubleshooting techniques can be developed to address underlying failure modes to increase efficiency of future maintenance actions thus reducing the logistics trail required to support the aircraft. The elements available for analysis are maintenance results input by the MO/pilot, (including free form comments regarding problems and resulting actions), Built-In-Test (BIT) fault codes recorded during a flight, and off-aircraft test equipment (such as Consolidated Automated Support System CASS) historical test results. The Integrated Support Environment (ISE) is collecting the data required to perform analysis of underlying maintenance trends that can be identified using some specialized software data mining tools such as text mining of corrective action and maintainer comments data fields from maintenance results. The findings or knowledge extracted from text mining can be correlated back to fault codes recorded during flight and historical maintenance results to help mitigate issues with broken troubleshooting procedures causing headaches to the our Sailors and Marines in the field. By tagging key phrases from the maintainer's/pilot's remarks, knowledge can be gleaned into how the aircraft fails in vigorous environments. The premise of this research is to first choose an apparent high failure avionics system on the V-22 aircraft that is experiencing a high removal rate from the aircraft but subsequently found to be fully operational when tested on CASS. The results of this analysis should present potential root causes for "Cannot Duplicate" situations by recommending an augmentation of diagnostics at the aircraft level to avoid removing and replacing a system that has not failed even though it has reported bad via the aircraft diagnostics. This research will utilize the Net-Centric Diagnostics Framework (NCDF) to retrieve past Smart Test Program Set (TPS) results/BIT sequence strings as a variable for identifying trends in V-22 aircraft maintenance actions. The results of theresearch will be socialized with the V-22 avionics Fleet Support Team and the Comprehensive Automated Maintenance Environment Optimized (CAMEO) for validation of findings before any troubleshooting changes are recommended. If required, the Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems group will perform an engineering analysis of problem and suggest an enhanced diagnostic technique to mitigate the issue. C1 [Burger, Michael; Jaworowski, Christopher; Meseroll, Robert] USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. RP Burger, M (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 443 EP 447 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600072 ER PT S AU Pollock, SS Alt, JK Darken, CJ AF Pollock, Shawn S. Alt, Jonathan K. Darken, Christian J. BE Salerno, J Yang, SJ Nau, D Chai, SK TI Representing Trust in Cognitive Social Simulations SO SOCIAL COMPUTING, BEHAVIORAL-CULTURAL MODELING AND PREDICTION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 29-31, 2011 CL Coll Pk, MD DE trust; cognition; society AB Trust plays a critical role in communications, strength of relationships, and information processing at the individual and group level. Cognitive social simulations show promise in providing an experimental platform for the examination of social phenomena such as trust formation. This paper describes the initial attempts at representation of trust in a cognitive social simulation using reinforcement learning algorithms centered around a cooperative Public Commodity game within a dynamic social network. C1 [Pollock, Shawn S.; Alt, Jonathan K.; Darken, Christian J.] USN, MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pollock, SS (reprint author), USN, MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sspolloc@nps.edu; jkalt@nps.edu; cjdarken@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19655-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6589 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BXT86 UT WOS:000297039300042 ER PT S AU Chung, H Polak, E Royset, JO Sastry, SS AF Chung, H. Polak, E. Royset, J. O. Sastry, S. S. GP IEEE TI Optimal Periodic Patrolling Trajectories of UUVs Guarding a Channel SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID OPTIMAL SEARCH; TARGET AB Given a number of patrollers, the channel patrol problem consists of determining the periodic trajectories that the patrollers must trace out so as to maximize the probability of detection of the intruder. We formulate this problem as an optimal control problem. We assume that the patrollers' sensors are imperfect and that their motions are subject to turn-rate constraints, and that the intruder travels straight down a channel with constant speed. Using discretization of time and space, we approximate the optimal control problem with a large-scale nonlinear programming problem which we solve to obtain an approximately stationary solution and a corresponding optimized trajectory for each patroller. In numerical tests, we obtain new insight not easily obtained using geometric calculations - into efficient patrol trajectory design for up to two patrollers in a narrow channel where interaction between the patrollers is unavoidable due to their limited turn rate. C1 [Chung, H.] Monash Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Enigneering, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Polak, E.; Sastry, S. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Royset, J. O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chung, H (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Enigneering, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Hoam.Chung@monash.edu; polak@eecs.berkeley.edu; joroyset@nps.edu; sastry@eecs.berkeley.edu FU ONR MURI "Computational Methods for Collaborative Motion" (CoMotion); ARO MURI "Scalable SWARMS of Autonomous Robots and Mobile Sensors" (SWARMS); AFOSR Young Investigator [F1ATA08337G003] FX The first, second, and fourth authors were partially supported by ONR MURI Computational Methods for Collaborative Motion (CoMotion), and ARO MURI Scalable SWARMS of Autonomous Robots and Mobile Sensors (SWARMS). The third author is supported by AFOSR Young Investigator grant F1ATA08337G003. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 888 EP 893 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376001067 ER PT S AU Selbach-Allen, ME McIlhany, KL Gentry, SE AF Selbach-Allen, Megan E. McIlhany, Kevin L. Gentry, Sommer E. GP IEEE TI Optimization and Pose Selection for a Lindy Hop Partnered Spin SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol AB Swing dancers often talk about using the laws of physics in performing their physically rigorous jumps, lifts, and spins. Do expert swing dancers physically optimize their pose for a partnered spin? In a partnered spin, two dancers connect hands and spin as a unit around a single vertical axis. We describe the pose of a couple by the angles of their joints in a two-dimensional plane and compare expert and novice dancers' actual poses to the approximately ideal poses generated from a biomechanical optimization model. The optimization objective is to maximize rotational acceleration, by minimizing the resistance to spin, but still producing torque. The model considers only external forces and neglects internal forces. It consists of equations derived from physical principles such as Newton's laws and moment of inertia calculations. Using numerical non-linear optimization we find the pose for each couple that maximizes their rotational acceleration. Different dancers are differently sized, so every couple has a unique optimal pose. Each couple's optimal pose is compared to the pose they actually assumed for the spin. We used motion capture to determine the angles of the joints in the couple's actual pose. The couple's actual pose is used to calculate a predicted rotational acceleration. This predicted acceleration is then compared to the optimal acceleration to determine a fraction of optimal for each couple. We hypothesized that expert swing dancers would achieve a higher fraction of their optimal acceleration than beginners. Our results did not achieve statistical significance with a simplified model and a small sample of 10 couples. C1 [Selbach-Allen, Megan E.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Math, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [McIlhany, Kevin L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Selbach-Allen, ME (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Math, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 3831 EP 3836 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376004108 ER PT S AU Aguilar, CO Krener, AJ AF Aguilar, Cesar O. Krener, Arthur J. GP IEEE TI Piecewise smooth solutions to the nonlinear output regulation PDE SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol AB The solution to the nonlinear output regulation problem requires one to solve a first order PDE, known as the Francis-Byrnes-Isidori (FBI) equations. In this paper we propose a method to compute approximate solutions to the FBI equations when the zero dynamics of the plant are hyperbolic and the exosystem is two-dimensional. Our method relies on the periodic nature of two-dimensional analytic center manifolds. C1 [Aguilar, Cesar O.; Krener, Arthur J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Aguilar, CO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM coaguila@nps.edu; ajkrener@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376002007 ER PT J AU Sekhavat, P Yan, H Fleming, A Ross, IM Alfriend, KT AF Sekhavat, Pooya Yan, Hui Fleming, Andrew Ross, I. Michael Alfriend, Kyle T. TI Closed-Loop Time-Optimal Attitude Maneuvering of Magnetically Actuated Spacecraft SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID REORIENTATION; FEEDBACK AB This paper examines the performance of the pseudospectral optimal control scheme for closed-loop time-optimal attitude maneuvering of the NPSAT1 spacecraft, a magnetically actuated spacecraft designed and built at the Naval Postgraduate School. The closed-loop control is devised and implemented using the notion of Caratheodory-pi solutions: repeated computation and update of the complete open-loop control solution in real-time. The performance of the pseudospectral feedback-control scheme is compared to a standard state feedback-control technique. It is shown that the use of standard state feedback control leads to significantly slower convergence time and may lead to substantially lower performance metrics. The substantial performance gains when using closed-loop optimal control are attributed to the optimal scheme's ability to exploit the full maneuverability envelope of the spacecraft by applying bang-bang controls in all three directions. In contrast, traditional gain-based feedback control laws substantially limit the performance of the vehicle to well below its physical capabilities. The feasibility of each open-loop optimal control solution is verified by numerical propagation while Pontryagin's necessary conditions for optimality are used to verify the solution's optimality. C1 [Sekhavat, Pooya; Yan, Hui; Alfriend, Kyle T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fleming, Andrew] Leffler Consulting LLC, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code ME Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sekhavat, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM psekhava@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu; alfriend@tamu.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0021-9142 EI 2195-0571 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 81 EP 97 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 827IZ UT WOS:000295423500006 ER PT J AU Lin, K Dayton, J AF Lin, Kyle Dayton, Jeffrey TI Game-Theoretic Models for Jamming Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs) have been a major weapon of choice by Iraqi insurgents since 2003. One effective way to prevent an RCIED attack is to use electronic jamming devices to interfere with the communication between the trigger and the bomb itself. Due to power constraints and other considerations, however, a jammer usually cannot jam all triggers simultaneously. In this paper, we develop game-theoretic models to study both active jamming and reactive jamming. For active jamming, we compute the optimal mixed strategy by linear programming; for reactive jamming, we use an iterative method. Finally, we numerically demonstrate our models and their applications. C1 [Lin, Kyle] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lin, K (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM kylin@nps.edu; jeffrey.dayton@us.army.mil OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.5711/1082598316305 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 847BP UT WOS:000296947200001 ER PT J AU Gallacher, PC Hebert, DA Schaferkotter, MR AF Gallacher, P. C. Hebert, D. A. Schaferkotter, M. R. TI Nesting a nonhydrostatic model in a hydrostatic model: The boundary interface SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Nonhydrostatic model; Boundary conditions; Nested models; Prediction; Internal waves; Nonlinear waves ID OCEAN MODEL; RESOLUTION; IMPLEMENTATION; AREA AB A method is developed for adjusting the values of the prognostic variables near the interface between a nonhydrostatic, high resolution model embedded in a hydrostatic, coarser resolution model. It incorporates a method of conditioning the outer domain lateral boundary values to enforce conservation of volume when the variables are interpolated onto the inner domain grid. This is accomplished by adjusting the baroclinic normal velocities at the open boundaries after interpolation. The method also includes a relaxation scheme which matches the values of the prognostic variables across a narrow zone near the open boundaries of the submesoscale inner domain. This prevents the development of discontinuities, reflections and perimeter currents at the periphery of the inner domain. Submesoscale hindcasts are conducted in areas of high Nonlinear Internal Wave (NLIW) activity. Since NLIWs have amplitudes, O(100 m), which are not small relative to their wavelengths, O(100 - 1000 m) these hindcasts require a nonhydrostatic model in the inner domain. Since the hydrostatic model lacks the physics and resolution to support NLIWs there will be discrepancies between the values of the hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic prognostic variables at the boundaries. It is shown that the application of these method for adjusting the values of the prognostic variables near the interface allows the computation of a nonhydrostatic, submesoscale hindcast forced by a nested hydrostatic forecasting system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gallacher, P. C.; Hebert, D. A.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space, MS 39529 USA. [Schaferkotter, M. R.] Jacobs Technol Inc, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. RP Gallacher, PC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Code 7331,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Patrick.Gallacher@nrlssc.navy.mil FU ONR Internal Waves in Straits Experiment DRI (IWISE) [N0001409WX20632]; ONR Philippines Straits Experiment (PhilEx) DRI [N0001411AF00002]; ONR Non Linear Waves Initiative (NLIWI) DRI [N0001408WX20931]; High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) project Nonhydrostatic Ocean Modeling [NRLSS30275065] FX This research was supported by the ONR Internal Waves in Straits Experiment DRI (IWISE - N0001409WX20632), the ONR Philippines Straits Experiment (PhilEx) DRI (N0001411AF00002) and the ONR Non Linear Waves Initiative (NLIWI) DRI (N0001408WX20931). The numerical experiments were conducted at the NAVY DoD Supercomputer Resource Center (DSRC) and the ERDC DSRC and were supported by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) project Nonhydrostatic Ocean Modeling (NRLSS30275065). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.08.006 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 847EP UT WOS:000296955000006 ER PT S AU Butler, JT Sasao, T AF Butler, Jon T. Sasao, Tsutomu BE Koch, A Krishnamurthy, R McAllister, J Woods, R ElGhazawi, T TI Index to Constant Weight Codeword Converter SO RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING: ARCHITECTURES, TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable Computing, ARC 2011 CY MAR 23-25, 2011 CL Belfast, NORTH IRELAND SP Queens Univ Belfast ID CODES AB A constant weight codeword is a binary n-tuple with exactly r 1's. We show two circuits that generate constant; weight codewords. The first is based on the combinatorial number system. Its input is an index to the codeword. That is, there are ((n)(T)) n-bit codewords with exactly r l's. The index generates a unique codeword, and is a binary number between 0 and ((n)(r)) - 1. Such a circuit is useful for encoding data. If a random constant weight codeword is needed, as in Monte Carlo simulations, then the index is random. If a random constant weight codeword only is needed, then our other circuit is even more compact. It is based on a trellis configuration. Both designs can be pipelined to produce one constant weight codeword per clock period. We give experimental results showing the efficiency of our designs on the SRC-6 reconfigurable computer. C1 [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93921 USA. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820, Japan. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93921 USA. EM jon_butler@msn.com; sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Knowledge Cluster Initiative of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) FX We thank Jon Huppenthal, President and CEO of SRC Computers, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO for data used in this paper. This research is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and a Knowledge Cluster Initiative (the second stage) of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology). Two referees provided suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19474-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6578 BP 193 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BXS07 UT WOS:000296894200021 ER PT S AU Peil, S Crane, S Hanssen, J Swanson, TB Ekstrom, CR AF Peil, Steven Crane, Scott Hanssen, James Swanson, Thomas B. Ekstrom, Christopher R. GP IEEE TI Measurements with Multiple Operational Fountain Clocks SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB Performance of the first two operational rubidium fountains at the USNO is presented using relative measurements and comparisons against other timescales. Recent results with four fountains indicate frequency agreement at the 10(-15) level and good agreement with the primary frequency standards contributing to TAI. C1 [Peil, Steven; Crane, Scott; Hanssen, James; Swanson, Thomas B.; Ekstrom, Christopher R.] USN Observ, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Peil, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM steven.peil@usno.navy.mil NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600014 ER PT S AU Hanssen, JL Crane, SG Ekstrom, CR AF Hanssen, J. L. Crane, S. G. Ekstrom, C. R. GP IEEE TI One-Way Temperature Compensated Fiber Link SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID UNCERTAINTY AB We will discuss our work on a one-way optical fiber frequency transfer system. The link removes thermally generated delays through sensing the difference in temperature dependent changes in the group index of the fiber for two wavelengths. The system monitors the phase difference between two amplitude-modulated lasers at the edges of the C-band. Using this signal, a temperature controlled spool of fiber compensates for thermally induced phase excursions in the link. We will present preliminary results as well as a discussion of performance limitations. C1 [Hanssen, J. L.; Crane, S. G.; Ekstrom, C. R.] USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hanssen, JL (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM james.hanssen@usno.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 939 EP 943 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600214 ER PT S AU Proia, A Cibiel, G White, J Wilson, D Senior, K AF Proia, Amandine Cibiel, Gilles White, J. Wilson, D. Senior, K. GP IEEE TI Absolute calibration of GNSS time transfer systems: NRL and CNES techniques comparison SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB The GNSS reception chains (timing receiver + antenna + antenna cable) are used to perform time comparisons of remote atomic clocks. This time transfer system represents the basis of the time laboratories contributions for the realization of the Temps Atomique International (TAI). The calibration of these chains are necessary to ensure accuracy and long term stability of time links used in TAI but also in precise time station (PTS) dedicated to GALILEO. Currently, the most widely used approach to determine the electrical-delay of these devices is the differential method developed by the BIPM (Bureau des Poids et Mesures). Another solution is the absolute calibration of each reception chain element in using artificial signals. This method was first defined and put into operation by NRL (Naval Research Laboratory) and the University of Colorado. In 2005, CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) decided to develop this technique with a similar approach. This paper will compare the results of NRL and CNES absolute calibrations performed on two different time transfer systems. First of all, it will describe the calibration method used by each laboratory and the differences which characterize them. An uncertainty budget will be presented for the results of both calibration techniques. Then, both time transfer systems, composed of different receivers and antennas models, will be described briefly. Finally, the absolute calibrations results performed using the NRL and the CNES methods will be compared.. C1 [Proia, Amandine; Cibiel, Gilles] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Proia, Amandine] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. [White, J.; Wilson, D.; Senior, K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Proia, A (reprint author), Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31055 Toulouse, France. EM amandine.proia@cnes.fr NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 1058 EP 1063 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600237 ER PT J AU Hardy, CG Larsen, CT Holladay, SD Johnson, MS Gogal, RM AF Hardy, Chistopher G. Larsen, Calvert T. Holladay, Steven D. Johnson, Mark S. Gogal, Robert M., Jr. TI A comparison of plasma and tissue ascorbic acid levels in turkeys, quail and chickens using a rapid, modified reduction-based colorimetric assay SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ascorbic acid; chicken; feed; plasma; quail; spleen; turkey ID VITAMIN-C; HEAT-STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; BROILER-CHICKENS; IN-VITRO; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; RESPONSES; OXIDASE; DAMAGE AB Ascorbic acid (AA) enhances innate immunity, alters gene expression and functions as a co-factor in specific enzyme reactions. Birds are unique in that they can synthesise ascorbic acid whereas humans and rodents lack this ability. Diagnostic tests that currently exist to measure ascorbic acid levels in birds are time-consuming and expensive. In the present study, a modified and improved reduction-based colorimetric assay was evaluated in turkeys, quail and chickens. The assay was rapid for quantifying ascorbic acid in plasma and tissue samples, and generated values consistent with those obtained using HPLC. Five breeds of heritage turkeys were studied, showing significant plasma AA differences among breeds and, within breeds, by sex. Quail displayed plasma AA levels similar to the corresponding values that were highest in turkeys, which again were significantly greater in males than females. Chicken plasma AA levels were comparable to the turkeys and quail. However, the spleens of chickens had AA levels more than 12-fold higher than plasma, which increased significantly with a 150 mg/kg AA feed supplement. These collective results show a broad utility for the modified AA assay, and demonstrate differences in birds by breed, sex and diet. C1 [Hardy, Chistopher G.] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Larsen, Calvert T.] Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Holladay, Steven D.; Gogal, Robert M., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Johnson, Mark S.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hardy, CG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM rgogal@uga.edu FU USDA-SSARE FX Thanks go to Margie Bender of the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy for help with this study which was supported by a grant from the USDA-SSARE. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.3184/175815511X13142036933137 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 843XD UT WOS:000296709300002 ER PT S AU Leski, TA Ansumana, R Jimmy, DH Bangura, U Malanoski, AP Lin, B Stenger, DA AF Leski, T. A. Ansumana, R. Jimmy, D. H. Bangura, U. Malanoski, A. P. Lin, B. Stenger, D. A. BE Southern, SO Montgomery, KN Taylor, CW Weigl, BH Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Massively multiplexed microbial identification using resequencing DNA microarrays for outbreak investigation SO SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH, MILITARY MEDICINE, DISASTER RESPONSE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing Technologies for Global Health, Military Medicine, Disaster Response, and Environmental Monitoring and Biometric Technology for Human Identification VIII CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE outbreak investigation; influenza; resequencing microarray; broad range pathogen detection; poultry infections ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION; BROAD-SPECTRUM; PANDEMICS; AGENTS AB Multiplexed microbial diagnostic assays are a promising method for detection and identification of pathogens causing syndromes characterized by nonspecific symptoms in which traditional differential diagnosis is difficult. Also such assays can play an important role in outbreak investigations and environmental screening for intentional or accidental release of biothreat agents, which requires simultaneous testing for hundreds of potential pathogens. The resequencing pathogen microarray (RPM) is an emerging technological platform, relying on a combination of massively multiplex PCR and high-density DNA microarrays for rapid detection and high-resolution identification of hundreds of infectious agents simultaneously. The RPM diagnostic system was deployed in Sierra Leone, West Africa in collaboration with Njala University and Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory located in Bo. We used the RPM-Flu microarray designed for broad-range detection of human respiratory pathogens, to investigate a suspected outbreak of avian influenza in a number of poultry farms in which significant mortality of chickens was observed. The microarray results were additionally confirmed by influenza specific real-time PCR. The results of the study excluded the possibility that the outbreak was caused by influenza, but implicated Klebsiella pneumoniae as a possible pathogen. The outcome of this feasibility study confirms that application of broad-spectrum detection platforms for outbreak investigation in low-resource locations is possible and allows for rapid discovery of the responsible agents, even in cases when different agents are suspected. This strategy enables quick and cost effective detection of low probability events such as outbreak of a rare disease or intentional release of a biothreat agent. C1 [Leski, T. A.; Malanoski, A. P.; Lin, B.; Stenger, D. A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leski, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tomasz.leski@nrl.navy.mil RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8603-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8029 AR 802904 DI 10.1117/12.884782 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BXF13 UT WOS:000295931800004 ER PT S AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, Jeffrey O. GP IEEE TI Nonseparable Nth-Band Filters as Overlapping-Subarray Tapers SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB In a receive array "overlapped subarrays" refers to an array output formed as a weighted sum of subarray outputs themselves formed as identically weighted combinations of the outputs of overlapping element subsets. The system array factor becomes a product of two array factors with different periods, one associated with each sum, just as the frequency response of a two-stage IFIR filter in a DSP system is the product of two frequency responses with different periods. It is well known that an Nth-band filter can be the most efficient choice for an IFIR filter's first stage, but the corresponding array idea appears unknown. Design examples apply modern optimization to nonseparable tapers, with three of four examples featuring Nth-band subarray tapers. Whether an Nth-band approach is best is not settled here and is properly context dependent: designs should be carried out both ways and compared. Further, a very small subarray taper can easily be Nth-band entirely by accident, so designers should be aware of the associated array-factor features that necessarily result and cannot be optimized away. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000029 ER PT S AU Srinivas, U Monga, V Raj, RG AF Srinivas, Umamahesh Monga, Vishal Raj, Raghu G. GP IEEE TI META-CLASSIFIERS FOR EXPLOITING FEATURE DEPENDENCIES IN AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AB Of active interest in automatic target recognition (ATR) is the problem of combining the complementary merits of multiple classifiers. This is inspired by decades of research in the area which has seen a variety of fairly successful feature extraction techniques as well as decision engines being developed. While heuristically based fusion techniques are omnipresent, this paper explores a principled meta-classification strategy that is based on the exploitation of correlation between multiple feature extractors as well as decision engines. We present two learning algorithms respectively based on support vector machines and AdaBoost, which combine soft-outputs of state of the art individual classifiers to yield an overall improvement in recognition rates. Experimental results obtained from benchmark SAR image databases reveal that the proposed meta-classification strategies are not only asymptotically superior but also have better robustness to choice of training over state-of-the art individual classifiers. C1 [Srinivas, Umamahesh; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Raj, Raghu G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Srinivas, U (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000030 ER PT S AU Scholnik, DP AF Scholnik, Dan P. GP IEEE TI Range-Ambiguous Clutter Suppression with Pulse-Diverse Waveforms SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB Conventional pulse-Doppler waveforms are the standard for radar detection in clutter due to their inherent robustness, especially to extended-range ambiguous clutter. The attendant drawbacks include coherent ambiguities and blind zones in range and/or Doppler, which require multiple coherent precessing intervals to resolve. Pulse-diverse waveforms, using techniques such as phase coding and nonuniform time offsets, can mitigate these drawbacks but at the cost of a significant reduction in clutter suppression using matched filtering. It is shown here that receive filtering optimized on a per-interval or per-range/Doppler-cell basis can provide these waveforms with clutter suppression over multiple range intervals, at the cost of significantly increased computation. Several examples illustrate the tradeoffs between different types of pulse diversity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 336 EP 341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000068 ER PT S AU Chance, Z Raj, RG Love, DJ AF Chance, Zachary Raj, Raghu G. Love, David J. GP IEEE TI Information-Theoretic Structure of Multistatic Radar Imaging SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID MIMO RADAR; ANTENNAS AB Using an information theoretical perspective, we explore quantitative methods for exploiting the spatial diversity offered by multiple widely separated antennas for radar imaging applications. While decomposing the operation of multistatic radar into multiple bistatic components, we proceed to characterize relevant conditional mutual information quantities between the underlying channel and bistatic output signals. The target scene is statistically characterized to be imaged as following a GSM (Gaussian Scale Mixture) distribution with respect to a dictionary in which the image is sparse. Under these assumptions we derive a useful upper bound on the conditional mutual information structure of bistatic channels which we then deploy to optimize the transmitted waveform via a convex optimization algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the utility of our information theoretic characterization of multistatic channels for radar imaging applications. C1 [Chance, Zachary; Love, David J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Raj, Raghu G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC USA. RP Chance, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zchance@purdue.edu; raghu.raj@ieee.org; djlove@ecn.purdue.edu RI Love, David/B-6205-2011 OI Love, David/0000-0001-5922-4787 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 853 EP 858 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000171 ER PT S AU Vouras, P AF Vouras, Peter GP IEEE TI ADAPTIVE TRANSMIT NULLING USING WAVEFORM EMBEDDED DITHERS SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL DE narrowband dithers; transmit nulling; adaptive beamforming; gradient estimation AB This paper describes a novel concept for performing adaptive transmit nulling in radars. Typically, the average depth of open-loop transmit nulls is limited by the Error Sidelobe Level (ESL) of an array. The ESL is determined by random errors in the array manifold, such as the residual calibration errors. Theoretically, it is possible to null below the ESL by using the backscatter from a target to create a null adaptively. The objective function to be minimized in this case is the power of the received backscatter in the direction of the target, which is assumed to be the same as the desired null direction. A potential drawback to this nulling approach would be long radar dwell times on the target to estimate the gradient of the objective function. To accelerate the convergence of a closed-loop transmit nulling algorithm, this paper proposes a theoretical technique for estimating the gradient of the array beamformer output in near real time by embedding narrowband sinusoidal dithers in the transmitted waveform. Dithers are externally applied disturbances that have been used in control system and signal processing applications to mitigate the effects of nonlinearity, hysteresis, and quantization [1, 2]. Typically the dithers applied are wideband random signals, essentially additive noise. The dithers described in this paper are different however in that they are narrowband sinusoids. The proposed dithering technique has been successfully applied to optical communication links to achieve adaptation speeds on the order of microseconds, [3] - [7]. The simulated results in this paper are intended to demonstrate the feasibility of using narrowband dithers to perform adaptive transmit nulling in near real time on radars. C1 USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vouras, P (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 874 EP 878 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000175 ER PT S AU Higgins, T Gerlach, K Shackelford, AK Blunt, SD AF Higgins, Thomas Gerlach, Karl Shackelford, Aaron K. Blunt, Shannon D. GP IEEE TI Aspects of Non-Identical Multiple Pulse Compression SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB Some radar systems utilize pulse agility to achieve higher range resolution or mitigate range ambiguities. However, transmitting different waveforms on a pulse-to-pulse basis can have deleterious effects when traditional pulse-Doppler processing is employed. In this paper a non-adaptive technique, entitled Non-Identical Multiple Pulse Compression (NIMPC), is derived that facilitates pulse-agile clutter cancellation and is readily implementable via fast convolution techniques. The new method is extended to account for clutter-Doppler spread as well as multiple range-ambiguous clutter intervals. NIMPC is assessed via simulation of a synthetic wideband pulse train. C1 [Higgins, Thomas] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Higgins, Thomas; Shackelford, Aaron K.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC USA. [Gerlach, Karl] ITT Corp, Mclean, VA USA. [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, EECS Dept, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Higgins, T (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. FU Office of Naval Research Base Program; Radar Division of the Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Base Program and the Radar Division of the Naval Research Laboratory NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 895 EP 900 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000179 ER PT S AU Romero, RA Goodman, NA AF Romero, Ric A. Goodman, Nathan A. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Beamsteering for Search-and-Track Application with Cognitive Radar Network SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL DE Cognitive Radar; Cognitive Radar Network; Search and Track; Matched Illumination; Adaptive Beamsteering AB In this paper, we introduce the concept of a Cognitive Radar Network (CRN). The goal of the radar platforms in a CRN is to cooperate in illuminating the radar channel in an efficient manner in an effort to search for moving targets. Moreover, when a detection is declared, the CRN should incorporate the tracking requirement into the illumination strategy. That is, the beamsteering strategy must exploit the radar channel uncertainty, which is a function of probabilistic representation of the channel. The radar channel uncertainty is dynamic and as such the CRN's beamsteering strategy should be dynamic. Here, we demonstrate a CRN by utilizing two static radar platforms that form a dynamic integrated search-and-track beamsteering strategy matched to the radar channel uncertainty. C1 [Romero, Ric A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Goodman, Nathan A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Romero, RA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM rnromero@nps.edu; goodman@ece.arizona.edu FU ONR [N000140910338] FX The authors acknowledge support from the ONR via grant #N000140910338. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 1091 EP 1095 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000216 ER PT S AU Kessler, DA Oran, ES Kaplan, CR AF Kessler, D. A. Oran, E. S. Kaplan, C. R. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI Improving the Efficiency of a Multiscale Method for Rarefied Flows SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA), Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE multiscale methods; direct simulation Monte Carlo; transition-regime flows; Boltzmann ID SMOOTH TRANSITION MODEL; GAS-KINETIC-THEORY; HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATIONS AB The coupled multiscale, multiphysics method, CM3, is a novel method for simulating transition-regime gas flows. The basic idea of the method is to incorporate physics from the small-scale molecular motions into the continuum framework of the Navier-Stokes equations. CM3 uses a Monte Carlo procedure to solve the Boltzmann equation at various instants in time and calculates the viscous stress tensor, t, and heat flux vector, q, from the molecular velocities. The computed t and q are then substituted into the Navier-Stokes equations and these equations are advanced forward in time using a finite-volume method. A difficulty in implementing multiscale methods of this type lies in initializing the velocity distribution functions used in the Monte Carlo solver at the beginning of each integration cycle. In this paper, we describe a method of particle velocity reinitialization that is significantly more efficient than using a standard velocity distribution function. C1 [Kessler, D. A.; Oran, E. S.; Kaplan, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kessler, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1063/1.3562659 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300039 ER PT J AU Moskowitz, IS Cotae, P Kang, MH Safier, PN AF Moskowitz, Ira S. Cotae, Paul Kang, Myong H. Safier, Pedro N. TI Capacity Approximations for a Deterministic MIMO Channel SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE MIMO; transmitter optimization; channel capacity; Telatar conjecture; water filling AB In this paper, we derive closed form approximations for the capacity of a point-to-point, deterministic Gaussian MIMO communication channel. We focus on the behavior of the inverse eigenvalues of the Gram matrix associated with the gain matrix of the MIMO channel, by considering small variance and large power assumptions. We revisit the concept of deterministic MIMO capacity by pointing out that, under transmitter power constraint, the optimal transmit covariance matrix is not necessarily diagonal. We discuss the water filling algorithm for obtaining the optimal eigenvalues of the transmitter covariance matrix, and the water fill level in conjunction with the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions. We revise the Telatar conjecture for the capacity of a non-ergodic channel. We also provide deterministic examples and numerical simulations of the capacity, which are discussed in terms of our mathematical framework. C1 [Moskowitz, Ira S.; Kang, Myong H.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cotae, Paul] Univ Dist Columbia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Safier, Pedro N.] S&J Solut LLC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM moskowitz@itd.nrl.navy.mil; pcotae@udc.edu; mkang@itd.nrl.navy.mil; Pedro-safier@sj-solutions.com FU Office of Naval Research; University of the District of Columbia; Department of Defense [W911NF-11-1-0144] FX We thank Ruth Shulamite for her helpful comments. The second author wishes to acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research 2010 ONR-ASEE Fellowship Summer Program, the University of the District of Columbia 2010 Seed Grant Program and, Department of Defense Grant W911NF-11-1-0144. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SUCEAVA, FAC ELECTRICAL ENG PI SUCEAVA PA UNIV SUCEAVA, FAC ELECTRICAL ENG, STEFAN CEL MARE, UNIVERSITATII 13, SUCEAVA, 720229, ROMANIA SN 1582-7445 J9 ADV ELECTR COMPUT EN JI Adv. Electr. Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.4316/AECE.2011.03001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 837IC UT WOS:000296186700001 ER PT J AU Khot, LR Miller, DR Hiscox, AL Salyani, M Walker, TW Farooq, M AF Khot, Lav R. Miller, David R. Hiscox, April L. Salyani, Masoud Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad TI EXTRAPOLATION OF DROPLET CATCH MEASUREMENTS IN AEROSOL APPLICATION TREATMENTS SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article DE elastic-backscatter LIDAR; LIDAR calibration; spray plume flux; droplet dispersion; ULV sprayer ID SPRAY DRIFT; AERIAL APPLICATIONS; DISPERSION; DEPOSITION AB This paper reports on the methodology to quantify remote measurements of airborne aerosols using a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system. Calibration with both active and passive sampling techniques was examined in a field study to define the use of calibrated LIDAR to quantify spray distribution across both space and time. The LIDAR was used to scan vertical cross-sections of the spray plume downwind from a moving sprayer path. Active and passive field samplers were used to obtain the spray collection at 10 m from the sprayer path (at 500 m from LIDAR). A thermal fogger and two ultra-low-volume aerosol applicators were used to produce aerosol spray in both day and nighttime applications. The results showed linear relationships between LIDAR backscatter from the spray plume and spray tracer collection on samplers (R(2) approximate to 0.77). A linear transfer function from the active samplers was applied to quantify spray plume flux across scanned cross-sections at various distances from the spray path. Plume-to-plume variability statistics were consistent with previous studies in turbulent atmospheres. Examples of LIDAR plume cross-section scans with extrapolated plume fluxing downwind are presented. C1 [Khot, Lav R.; Salyani, Masoud] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Miller, David R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT USA. [Hiscox, April L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, NAS Jax, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Salyani, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM msi@ufl.edu RI Hiscox, April/C-2509-2008 OI Hiscox, April/0000-0001-8791-1488 FU U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Deployed War-Fighter Protection (AFPMB/DWFP); University of Florida; WAS; University of Connecticut; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Navy Entomology Center of Excellence; New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study was partially supported by a grant from the U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Deployed War-Fighter Protection (AFPMB/DWFP) research program. Support was also received from the University of Florida, WAS, University of Connecticut, Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, U.S. Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, and the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Roy Sweeb (UF/IFAS), Vincent Smith and Cathy Robinson (NECE), Junming Wang and Mark Pacheco (NMSU), and David Ganucci (UConn). NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 837RA UT WOS:000296219700005 ER PT J AU Carman, JC McClean, JL AF Carman, Jessie C. McClean, Julie L. TI Investigation of IPCC AR4 coupled climate model North Atlantic mode water formation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Coupled climate models; Ocean heat budget; Heat flux; Mode water formation; Ocean mixed layer; Subpolar Mode Water; Subtropical Mode Water; North Atlantic ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; MASS TRANSFORMATION RATES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SST ANOMALIES; MIXED-LAYER; SEA; VARIABILITY; FLUXES; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS AB The formation of mode waters in the North Atlantic was examined in the suite of ocean models that comprise the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3). We constructed model climatologies for 1980-1999 from the 20th century simulations, and compared their mode water properties (temperature, salinity, formation rate, volume, turnover time, heat content) with data. In these models, we found biases in both the properties of the mode waters and their formation rates. For Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW), property biases principally involved salinity errors; additionally, some models form SPMW in an anomalous region west of the British Isles, shifting the source location of waters entering the overturning cell and altering the Nordic Seas' involvement in the Meridional Overturning Circulation. For Subtropical Mode Water (STMW), property biases involved both salinity and temperature errors, while positioning of heat and water fluxes relative to the Gulf Stream and northwest Sargasso Sea influenced STMW formation rate. Deficiencies in STMW formation rate and volume produced a turnover time of 1-2 years, approximately half of that observed; these variations in mode water bulk properties imply variation in ocean heat storage and advection, and hence deficiencies in all the models' abilities to adequately respond to changes in climatic forcing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carman, Jessie C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McClean, Julie L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Carman, Jessie C.; McClean, Julie L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carman, JC (reprint author), USN Acad, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM carman@usna.edu FU Lawrence Livermore Military Academic Research Associate program; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research through a sub-contract from LLNL/PCMDI FX We acknowledge the modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. NODC_WOA94 data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. J.C.C.'s funding was provided by the Lawrence Livermore Military Academic Research Associate program and the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research. J.L.M. was supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research through a sub-contract from LLNL/PCMDI to SIO. The authors greatly appreciate the helpful comments of Lynne Talley (SIO), Peter Gleckler (LLNL), Ivana Cerovecki (SIO), and Detelina Ivanova (LLNL) as well as the reviewers and the Editor for their comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of this work. Young-Oh Kwon (WHOI) provided measures of the STMW overturn and heat content from data sources. Frank Bryan (NCAR) provided the water mass transformation code. The authors additionally thank Peter Braccio for his help with the generation of the final figures. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 14 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.07.001 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 836RN UT WOS:000296128900002 ER PT S AU Buckley, M Vaidyanathan, R Mayol-Cuevas, W AF Buckley, Martin Vaidyanathan, Ravi Mayol-Cuevas, Walterio BE Olive, M Solomonides, T TI Sensor Suites For Assistive Arm Prosthetics SO 2011 24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS (CBMS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS) CY JUN 27-30, 2011 CL Univ W England, Bristol, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS), British Comp Soc, Bristol Branch, ACM, IFIP HO Univ W England DE Prosthesis; Hand Eye Co-ordination; Virtual Environment; Gaze Tracking; Tongue Control; Assistive Device; Rehabilitation; Kinect AB This paper introduces a sensor suite framework for the partial automation of prosthetic arm control allowing high level control with a reduction of cognitive burden placed upon the user. Automation aims to replicate the hand eye co-ordination through the synergy of a virtual 7DOF arm prosthesis together with the development of a gaze tracking system. The interactions between elements of the suite are detailed and a selection of sensors implemented to control a simple simulation. Use of the novel tongue control system is used to provide discrete input to the system. Initial tests are made of of the system together with a users ability to learn to use the system with promising user feedback on ease of interaction and potential for reduced cognitive burden. C1 [Buckley, Martin] Univ Bristol, Bristol Robot Lab, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QD, Avon, England. [Buckley, Martin] Univ West England, Bristol BS16 1QD, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Imperial Coll London, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Mayol-Cuevas, Walterio] Univ Bristol, Dept Comp Sci, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England. RP Buckley, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol Robot Lab, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QD, Avon, England. EM memsb@bristol.ac.uk; rxv@case.edu; wmayol@cs.bris.ac.uk FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) FX This research was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), grant NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2372-9198 BN 978-1-4577-1190-9 J9 COMP MED SY PY 2011 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BWZ98 UT WOS:000295472700068 ER PT J AU Laws, K Vesecky, J Paduan, J AF Laws, Kenneth Vesecky, John Paduan, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI Monitoring Coastal Vessels for Environmental Applications: Application of Kalman Filtering SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) DE HF radar; ship monitoring; marine domain awareness; Kalman filtering ID SURFACE-WAVE RADAR; SURVEILLANCE; SHIPS AB Maritime domain awareness is important for coastal nations in terms of applications to coastal conservancy, security, fishery and stewardship of their exclusive economic zones (EEZs). Maritime situational awareness involves knowing the location, speed and bearing of ships and boats in the EEZ. HF radar is a useful tool in providing ship information in real time. It is especially effective when combined with information from ship-borne AIS beacons. Our previously developed HF radar and AIS ship detection models estimate signal to noise ratio (SNR) as a function of range, including ducted propagation for the AIS radio signals. However, ship detection is hampered by false targets related to wave echoes, interference and the high variability of HF echoes from ships. This is due in part to the aspect and frequency dependence of ship radar cross-section and to the presence of clutter bands at known Doppler shifts from both the ground and ocean surfaces. Distinguishing ship echoes from false alarm echoes is significantly aided by identifying radar targets with ship-like behavior. Thus, tracking ships using their HF radar echoes becomes an important means for effectively monitoring the presence of ships in the coastal ocean. We demonstrate the application of Kalman filtering to the ship-tracking problem with examples using data from the COCMP HF radar network along the California coast. As with other radar tracking problems, the Kalman approach proves effective in this application as well. C1 [Laws, Kenneth; Vesecky, John] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Paduan, Jeffrey] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Oceanog Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Laws, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kip@soe.ucsc.edu; vesecky@soe.ucsc.edu; paduan@nps.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600007 ER PT J AU Laws, KE Vesecky, JF Paduan, JD AF Laws, Kenneth E. Vesecky, John F. Paduan, Jeffrey D. GP IEEE TI Error assessment of HF radar-based ocean current measurements: an error model based on sub-period measurement variance SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) DE High frequency radar; HF radar; ocean currents; current measurement; errors AB Data from CODAR-type ocean current sensing radar systems are used here to evaluate the performance of an error indicator provided as part of the available radar data. Investigations are based on data from pairs of radar systems with over-water baselines. Approximately year-long time series are used. The radar data are the typical hourly radial measurements provided by CODAR systems. These measurements are actually the median (or mean) of anywhere between 2 and 7 sub-hourly measurements collected by the radar system. The error indicator under examination is based on the standard deviation (std) of the sub-hourly radials, divided by the square root of the number of sub-hourly radials. These values are recorded in the hourly data files produced by recent versions of the CODAR data processing software. Examination of the model demonstrates a positive correlation between the model and the measured baseline difference std for all baseline pairs examined. The predictive capability of the error model is demonstrated by presenting its use as a data discriminator and by examination of time series of sliding boxcar samples of radar data. Baseline difference std for data rejected by a threshold based on the error model is shown to be significantly higher than for the data retained. The results presented here demonstrate potential to improve assessment of the HF radar current measurement uncertainty. Such improvement has potential to benefit all applications of HF radar data, including for example, Lagrangian particle tracking and surface current assimilation into numerical models. C1 [Laws, Kenneth E.; Vesecky, John F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Paduan, Jeffrey D.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Laws, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kip@soe.ucsc.edu; paduan@nps.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600012 ER PT J AU Woods, S Hou, W Goode, W Jarosz, E Weidemann, A AF Woods, S. Hou, W. Goode, W. Jarosz, E. Weidemann, A. GP IEEE TI Measurements of turbulence for quantifying the impact of turbulence on underwater imaging SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) DE turbulence; underwater imaging; dissipation rate; microstructure; acoustic doppler velocimeter ID OCEANIC TURBULENCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING AB It has long been acknowledged that turbulence affects propagation of light in the ocean. Physically, this is because turbulent inhomogeneities of the flow are associated with fluctuations in temperature and salinity. Variations in these passive scalars alter the water density, inducing variations in the refractive index, which result in near-forward scattering from turbulent inhomogeneities. In applications such as underwater imaging, the near-forward scattering from turbulence becomes a limiting factor over longer ranges and under conditions of stronger turbulence. The magnitude of this degrading effect depends upon the underwater environment, and can rapidly degrade the quality of underwater imaging under certain conditions. Overcoming this degradation through enhancement of imaging systems and post processing is important for such applications as diving, navigation, robotics, communication and target and mine detection and identification. To investigate the impact of turbulence upon underwater imaging and to compare with our previously developed model, quantified observation of the image degradation concurrent with characterization of the turbulent flow is necessary, spanning a variety of turbulent strengths. Therefore, we present field measurements of turbulence from the Skaneateles Optical Turbulence Exercise (SOTEX, July 2010), during which images of a target were collected over a 5 m path length at various depths in the water column, concurrent with profiles of the turbulent strength, optical properties, temperature, and conductivity. Turbulence was characterized by the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation (TKED) and thermal dissipation (TD) rates, which were obtained in close proximity using both a Rockland Scientific Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VMP) and a Nortek Vector velocimeter in combination with a PME CT sensor. While the two instrumental setups demonstrate reasonable agreement, some irregularities highlight the difficulties of accurately quantifying the desired parameters, which are likely associated with the spatial and temporal variability of the turbulence field. Supplementary measurements with the Vector/CT in a controlled laboratory convective tank will shed additional light on the quantitative relationship between image degradation and turbulence strength. C1 [Woods, S.; Hou, W.; Goode, W.; Jarosz, E.; Weidemann, A.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Woods, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600028 ER PT S AU Gorzkowski, EP Pan, MJ Bender, BA AF Gorzkowski, E. P. Pan, M. -J. Bender, B. A. GP IEEE TI Prototype Capacitor Produced by Freeze Tape-Casting SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS (ISAF/PFM) AND 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND NANOSCALE PHENOMENA IN POLAR MATERIALS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF/PFM)/ International Symposium on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Nanoscale Phenomena in Polar Materials CY JUL 24-27, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE DE Freeze casting; capacitor; composites ID SUBLIMABLE VEHICLES; CERAMICS; COMPOSITES AB In previous research freeze casting was used to construct ceramic-polymer composites in which the two phases are arranged in an electrically parallel configuration. By doing so, the composites exhibit dielectric constant (K) up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of composites with ceramic particles randomly dispersed in a polymer matrix. This technique has been successful with both an aqueous and camphene based ceramic slurry that is frozen uni-directionally to form a template such that ceramic aggregates are aligned in the temperature gradient direction. This technique has also been modified to process the slurry at room temperature using a tape caster. This alleviates the need for liquid nitrogen and a freeze-dryer. Transitioning the directional freezing technique to use a tape caster was successful and 20 vol.% BaTiO3 X7R ceramic plates were produced from camphene based tapes fired at 1300 degrees C for 2hrs. A 10 layer prototype capacitor was produced with a capacitance of 1.4 nF (K similar to 490) and low loss. This work shows that it is viable to scale the freezing technology up for future high K composite capacitor production. C1 [Gorzkowski, E. P.; Pan, M. -J.; Bender, B. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gorzkowski, EP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gorzkows@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4577-1161-9 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BWZ36 UT WOS:000295404500072 ER PT S AU Pan, MJ Gorzkowski, E McAllister, K AF Pan, Ming-Jen Gorzkowski, Edward McAllister, Kelly GP IOP TI Dielectric properties of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based nanocomposites at 77k SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON CERAMICS (ICC3): HYBRID AND NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Ceramics (ICC)/23rd Fall Meeting of the Ceramic-Society-of-Japan/20th Iketani Conference CY NOV 14-18, 2010 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Ceram Soc Japan (CerSJ), Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn AB The goal of this study is to develop dielectric nanocomposites for high energy density applications at liquid nitrogen temperature by utilizing a unique nano-material polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). A POSS molecule is consisted of a silica cage core with 8 silicon and 12 oxygen atoms and organic functional groups attached to the corners of the cage. In this study, we utilize POSS for the fabrication of nanocomposites both as a silica nanoparticle filler to enhance the breakdown strength and as a surfactant for effective dispersion of high permittivity ceramic nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. The matrix materials selected for the study are polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The ceramic nanoparticles are barium strontium titanate (BST 50/50) and strontium titanate. The dielectric properties of the solution-cast nanocomposites films were correlated to the composition and processing conditions. We determined that the addition of POSS did not provide enhanced dielectric performance in PVDF- and PMMA-based materials at either room temperature or 77K. In addition, we found that the dielectric breakdown strength of PMMA is lower at 77K than at room temperature, contradicting literature data. C1 [Pan, Ming-Jen; Gorzkowski, Edward; McAllister, Kelly] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pan, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2011 VL 18 AR 082006 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/18/8/082006 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BXD43 UT WOS:000295800200006 ER PT J AU Choi, WH Kim, SI Keum, MS Han, W Ko, H Han, DK AF Choi, Woo-Hyun Kim, Seung-Il Keum, Min-Seok Han, Wang Ko, Hanseok Han, David K. GP IEEE TI Acoustic and Visual Signal Based Context Awareness System for Mobile Application SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS (ICCE 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE 2011) CY JAN 09-12, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB In this paper, an acoustic and visual signal based context awareness system is proposed for a mobile application. The proposed system senses and determines, in real time, user contextual information, such as where the user is or what the user does, by processing signals from the microphone and the camera embedded in the mobile device. An initial implementation of the algorithms into a smart phone demonstrated effectiveness of the proposed system. C1 [Choi, Woo-Hyun; Kim, Seung-Il; Keum, Min-Seok; Han, Wang; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Choi, WH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. FU Seoul RBD FX This research was supported by Seoul R&BD. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8712-7 PY 2011 BP 627 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWW05 UT WOS:000295128300314 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Cleveland, E Qi, H AF Prokes, S. M. Glembocki, O. J. Cleveland, Erin Qi, Hua BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS TI Growth of ZnO nanowires on retroreflector microspheres and the resulting light channeling and plasmonic properties SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices III CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB We have investigated the growth of ZnO nanowires on curved BaTiO3 retroreflector beads, as well as growth of ZnO nanowires on flat substrates. Results indicate that the growth of ZnO aligned nanowire arrays occurs farther away from the Zn source in the retroreflectors, while the results are opposite for the flat Si substrates. In the case of the ZnO nanowires on flat Si, the nanowires formed in nearly aligned arrays are short and significantly thicker, suggesting that the growth occurs both longitudinally and laterally in this process, which is not the case for the growth on the retroreflector beads. The SERS response of the nanowire arrays on the retroreflectors has been compared to random nanowires on flat Si substrates, and results show that the signal strength is 29 times greater in the case of the wires grown on the retroreflectors. Since one would only expect a factor of 4 enhancement due to the light reflecting properties of the retroreflector, it is believed that the enhancement in the SERS signal is due to light channeling by the aligned nanowire arrays. C1 [Prokes, S. M.; Glembocki, O. J.; Cleveland, Erin; Qi, Hua] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-716-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8106 AR 81060L DI 10.1117/12.899412 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BXD01 UT WOS:000295777800008 ER PT S AU Alves, F Karamitros, A Grbovic, D Kearney, B Karunasiri, G AF Alves, Fabio Karamitros, Apostolos Grbovic, Dragoslav Kearney, Brian Karunasiri, Gamani BE Razeghi, M PereLaperne, N Everitt, HO Zavada, JM Manzur, T TI Highly absorbing nano-scale metal films for terahertz SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications II CY AUG 21, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE thin films; terahertz; sensors; metal films ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER AB Our work aims to identify nano-scale metal films with enhanced absorption between 1 to 10 THz for use in thermal imagers operating in this spectral band. Absorption measurements of chromium and nickel films with different thicknesses (8 - 30 nm) revealed absorption as high as 40% (Cr) and 27% (Ni) between 3 and 9 THz. Further analysis showed that it is possible to optimize absorption by controlling conductivity of metal films by patterning them to reduce fill factor. This design flexibility allows tailoring of the absorbing layer to reduce residual stress of membranes used in microbolmeter and bi-material thermal sensors. C1 [Alves, Fabio; Karamitros, Apostolos; Grbovic, Dragoslav; Kearney, Brian; Karunasiri, Gamani] USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alves, F (reprint author), USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-729-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8119 AR 81190K DI 10.1117/12.894088 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB30 UT WOS:000295580400013 ER PT S AU Freeman, W Karunasiri, G AF Freeman, Will Karunasiri, Gamani BE Razeghi, M PereLaperne, N Everitt, HO Zavada, JM Manzur, T TI Temperature effects in terahertz step well quantum cascade structures with diagonal optical transitions SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications II CY AUG 21, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE THz; quantum cascade; step well; diagonal optical transition; lattice temperature; optical gain spectra; electron transport; density matrix; coherence ID LASERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICE; TRANSPORT AB Temperature effects in terahertz (THz) step well quantum cascade (QC) structures are investigated. Step well QC structures with diagonal optical transitions that use fast intrawell electron-longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering for depopulation are considered. A density matrix method is used to model the electron transport coherence and is incorporated into the Monte Carlo simulations of these structures. A phenomenological dephasing time is also included. The influence of the lattice temperature on the population inversion is modeled and the effects due to gain spectral broadening are also considered. Optical gain greater than typical waveguide resonator thresholds are estimated out to T similar to 200 K. C1 [Freeman, Will] USN, Div Phys, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Freeman, W (reprint author), USN, Div Phys, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-729-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8119 AR 81190A DI 10.1117/12.894223 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB30 UT WOS:000295580400006 ER PT J AU Martins, JV Marshak, A Remer, LA Rosenfeld, D Kaufman, YJ Fernandez-Borda, R Koren, I Correia, AL Zubko, V Artaxo, P AF Martins, J. V. Marshak, A. Remer, L. A. Rosenfeld, D. Kaufman, Y. J. Fernandez-Borda, R. Koren, I. Correia, A. L. Zubko, V. Artaxo, P. TI Remote sensing the vertical profile of cloud droplet effective radius, thermodynamic phase, and temperature SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; POLLUTION AEROSOL; PHOTON TRANSPORT; CUMULUS CLOUDS; AIR-POLLUTION AB Cloud-aerosol interaction is a key issue in the climate system, affecting the water cycle, the weather, and the total energy balance including the spatial and temporal distribution of latent heat release. Information on the vertical distribution of cloud droplet microphysics and thermodynamic phase as a function of temperature or height, can be correlated with details of the aerosol field to provide insight on how these particles are affecting cloud properties and their consequences to cloud lifetime, precipitation, water cycle, and general energy balance. Unfortunately, today's experimental methods still lack the observational tools that can characterize the true evolution of the cloud microphysical, spatial and temporal structure in the cloud droplet scale, and then link these characteristics to environmental factors and properties of the cloud condensation nuclei. Here we propose and demonstrate a new experimental approach (the cloud scanner instrument) that provides the microphysical information missed in current experiments and remote sensing options. Cloud scanner measurements can be performed from aircraft, ground, or satellite by scanning the side of the clouds from the base to the top, providing us with the unique opportunity of obtaining snapshots of the cloud droplet microphysical and thermodynamic states as a function of height and brightness temperature in clouds at several development stages. The brightness temperature profile of the cloud side can be directly associated with the thermodynamic phase of the droplets to provide information on the glaciation temperature as a function of different ambient conditions, aerosol concentration, and type. An aircraft prototype of the cloud scanner was built and flew in a field campaign in Brazil. The CLAIM-3D (3-Dimensional Cloud Aerosol Interaction Mission) satellite concept proposed here combines several techniques to simultaneously measure the vertical profile of cloud microphysics, thermodynamic phase, brightness temperature, and aerosol amount and type in the neighborhood of the clouds. The wide wavelength range, and the use of multi-angle polarization measurements proposed for this mission allow us to estimate the availability and characteristics of aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei, and their effects on the cloud microphysical structure. These results can provide unprecedented details on the response of cloud droplet microphysics to natural and anthropogenic aerosols in the size scale where the interaction really happens. C1 [Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Martins, J. V.; Marshak, A.; Remer, L. A.; Kaufman, Y. J.; Fernandez-Borda, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rosenfeld, D.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Fernandez-Borda, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Zubko, V.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Correia, A. L.; Artaxo, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Martins, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM martins@umbc.edu RI Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036 FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center New Opportunities Office; CPTEC/INPE; CNPq; FAPESP FX This work was partially supported by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center New Opportunities Office. We thank Keith Gendreau, Juan Carlos Ceballos, Karla Longo and Gilberto K. Nishioka for the essential help in collecting the aircraft data, and the CPTEC/INPE support on weather forecast during the CLAIM-2005 campaign in Brazil. P. Artaxo acknowledges financial support from CNPq and FAPESP. We also thank Graham Feingold, Anthony Davis, Bernhard Mayer, Steve Platnick and Zev Levin for the numerous stimulating discussions on this subject. NR 80 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9485 EP 9501 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9485-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700004 ER PT J AU Kilic, E Stanica, P AF Kilic, Emrah Stanica, Pantelimon TI FACTORIZATIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF BINARY POLYNOMIAL RECURRENCES BY MATRIX METHODS SO ROCKY MOUNTAIN JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Second order recurrences; factorization; Chebyshev polynomials; tridiagonal matrix; matrix methods ID DISCRETE COSINE AB In this paper we derive factorizations and representations of a polynomial analogue of an arbitrary binary sequence by matrix methods. It generalizes various results on Fibonacci, Lucas, Chebyshev and Morgan-Voyce polynomials. C1 [Kilic, Emrah] Econ & Technol Univ, Dept Math, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Stanica, Pantelimon] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kilic, E (reprint author), Econ & Technol Univ, Dept Math, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. EM ekilic@etu.edu.tr; pstanica@nps.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROCKY MT MATH CONSORTIUM PI TEMPE PA ARIZ STATE UNIV, DEPT MATH, TEMPE, AZ 85287-1904 USA SN 0035-7596 J9 ROCKY MT J MATH JI Rocky Mt. J. Math. PY 2011 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1247 EP 1264 DI 10.1216/RMJ-2011-41-4-1247 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 830ZN UT WOS:000295698500013 ER PT J AU Hafez, MM AF Hafez, Mohammed M. BE Moghadam, A Fishman, B TI Takfir and violence against Muslims SO FAULT LINES IN GLOBAL JIHAD: ORGANIZATIONAL, STRATEGIC AND IDEOLOGICAL FISSURES SE Political Violence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hafez, MM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-81492-5 J9 POLITICAL VIOLENCE PY 2011 BP 25 EP 46 PG 22 WC Political Science; Religion SC Government & Law; Religion GA BVA02 UT WOS:000290852900002 ER PT B AU Sanford, S AF Sanford, Scott BE Moghadam, A Fishman, B TI Fault lines in cyberspace SO FAULT LINES IN GLOBAL JIHAD: ORGANIZATIONAL, STRATEGIC AND IDEOLOGICAL FISSURES SE Political Violence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sanford, Scott] Jihadica Com, Brea, CA 92821 USA. [Sanford, Scott] USN, Arlington, VA USA. RP Sanford, S (reprint author), Jihadica Com, Brea, CA 92821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-81492-5 J9 POLITICAL VIOLENCE PY 2011 BP 220 EP 231 PG 12 WC Political Science; Religion SC Government & Law; Religion GA BVA02 UT WOS:000290852900011 ER PT J AU Davis, ZS AF Davis, Zachary S. BE Davis, ZS TI CONCLUSION: LESSONS LEARNED AND UNLEARNED SO INDIA-PAKISTAN MILITARY STANDOFF: CRISIS AND ESCALATION IN SOUTH ASIA SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Davis, Zachary S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Davis, Zachary S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Davis, ZS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23011-876-8 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2011 BP 229 EP 236 D2 10.1057/9780230118768 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWU33 UT WOS:000294866200010 ER PT B AU Stubbs, BB Truver, SC AF Stubbs, Bruce B. Truver, Scott C. BE Tan, ATH TI Towards a New Understanding of Maritime Power SO POLITICS OF MARITIME POWER: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Truver, Scott C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stubbs, BB (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-404-0 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 28 PG 26 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE21 UT WOS:000293732600002 ER PT B AU Tangredi, SJ AF Tangredi, Sam J. BE Tan, ATH TI Navies and Expeditionary Warfare SO POLITICS OF MARITIME POWER: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tangredi, Sam J.] USN, Int Program Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Tangredi, SJ (reprint author), USN, Int Program Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-404-0 PY 2011 BP 80 EP 94 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE21 UT WOS:000293732600006 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, Daniel BE Tan, ATH TI The Maritime Governance System SO POLITICS OF MARITIME POWER: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Moran, Daniel] USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-404-0 PY 2011 BP 115 EP 130 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE21 UT WOS:000293732600008 ER PT B AU Tangredi, SJ AF Tangredi, Sam J. BE Tan, ATH TI The Future of Maritime Power SO POLITICS OF MARITIME POWER: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tangredi, Sam J.] USN, Int Program Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Tangredi, SJ (reprint author), USN, Int Program Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-404-0 PY 2011 BP 131 EP 146 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE21 UT WOS:000293732600009 ER PT J AU Huntley, WL AF Huntley, Wade L. BE Sadeh, E TI Moderate Space Powers SO POLITICS OF SPACE: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Huntley, Wade L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs Dept, Monterey, CA USA. [Huntley, Wade L.] Univ British Columbia, Simons Ctr Disarmament & Nonproliferat Res, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Huntley, Wade L.] Hiroshima Peace Inst, Hiroshima, Japan. [Huntley, Wade L.] Nautilus Inst, Global Peace & Secur Program, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Huntley, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs Dept, Monterey, CA USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-419-4 PY 2011 BP 77 EP 103 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE18 UT WOS:000293731000005 ER PT S AU Daniel, B Wilson, ML Edelberg, J Jensen, M Johnson, T Anderson, S AF Daniel, Brian Wilson, Michael L. Edelberg, Jason Jensen, Mark Johnson, Troy Anderson, Scott BE Henry, DJ Cheng, BT VonBerg, DCL Young, DL TI Autonomous collection of dynamically-cued multi-sensor imagery SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications VIII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE UAV; sensor; collaboration; MWIR; visible; autonomous; networked AB The availability of imagery simultaneously collected from sensors of disparate modalities enhances an image analyst's situational awareness and expands the overall detection capability to a larger array of target classes. Dynamic cooperation between sensors is increasingly important for the collection of coincident data from multiple sensors either on the same or on different platforms suitable for UAV deployment. Of particular interest is autonomous collaboration between wide area survey detection, high-resolution inspection, and RF sensors that span large segments of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in conjunction with the Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) is building sensors with such networked communications capability and is conducting field tests to demonstrate the feasibility of collaborative sensor data collection and exploitation. Example survey / detection sensors include: NuSAR (NRL Unmanned SAR), a UAV compatible synthetic aperture radar system; microHSI, an NRL developed lightweight hyper-spectral imager; RASAR (Real-time Autonomous SAR), a lightweight podded synthetic aperture radar; and N-WAPSS-16 (Nighttime Wide-Area Persistent Surveillance Sensor-16Mpix), a MWIR large array gimbaled system. From these sensors, detected target cues are automatically sent to the NRL/SDL developed EyePod, a high-resolution, narrow FOV EO/IR sensor, for target inspection. In addition to this cooperative data collection, EyePod's real-time, autonomous target tracking capabilities will be demonstrated. Preliminary results and target analysis will be presented. C1 [Daniel, Brian; Wilson, Michael L.; Edelberg, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daniel, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-594-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8020 AR 80200A DI 10.1117/12.882926 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWU69 UT WOS:000294911100010 ER PT B AU Forsberg, JA Brown, TS Potter, BK AF Forsberg, Jonathan Agner Brown, Trevor S. Potter, Benjamin K. BE Owens, BD Belmont, PJ TI BASIC SCIENCE OF WAR WOUNDS SO COMBAT ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERFERON-GAMMA-PRODUCTION; SYME ANKLE DISARTICULATION; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; GROWTH-FACTOR; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10; ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES C1 [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] USN, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Integrated Dept Orthopaed Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner; Potter, Benjamin K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Brown, Trevor S.] USN, Regenerat Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Potter, Benjamin K.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Amputee Patient Care Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Forsberg, JA (reprint author), USN, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-965-1 PY 2011 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ12 UT WOS:000288484200009 ER PT B AU Potter, BK Forsberg, JA AF Potter, Benjamin K. Forsberg, Jonathan Agner BE Owens, BD Belmont, PJ TI HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION SO COMBAT ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; DISTAL HUMERAL FRACTURES; ECTOPIC-BONE-FORMATION; ACETABULAR FRACTURES; RADIATION-THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; EARLY EXCISION C1 [Potter, Benjamin K.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Amputee Patient Care Program, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. [Potter, Benjamin K.; Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] USN, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Potter, BK (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Amputee Patient Care Program, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-965-1 PY 2011 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ12 UT WOS:000288484200010 ER PT B AU Carney, J Covey, DC AF Carney, Joseph Covey, D. C. BE Owens, BD Belmont, PJ TI EXTERNAL FIXATION PRINCIPLES SO COMBAT ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE; FRACTURES C1 [Carney, Joseph; Covey, D. C.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Carney, J (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-965-1 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ12 UT WOS:000288484200015 ER PT B AU Hofmeister, EP Hanna, KH Kroonen, LT AF Hofmeister, Eric P. Hanna, Kathryn H. Kroonen, Leo T. BE Owens, BD Belmont, PJ TI UPPER EXTREMITY NERVE INJURIES SO COMBAT ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; ULNAR NERVE; COMPLETE LESIONS; BRACHIAL-PLEXUS; SCIATIC-NERVE; REPAIR; RECONSTRUCTION; CONDUITS; REGENERATION; AVULSION C1 [Hofmeister, Eric P.; Hanna, Kathryn H.; Kroonen, Leo T.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hofmeister, Eric P.; Kroonen, Leo T.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hofmeister, EP (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-965-1 PY 2011 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ12 UT WOS:000288484200016 ER PT B AU Kumar, AR Lim, AA Tintle, S Bradley, JP AF Kumar, Anand R. Lim, Alan A. Tintle, Scott Bradley, James P. BE Owens, BD Belmont, PJ TI UPPER EXTREMITY COVERAGE: MANAGEMENT OF COMBAT-RELATED SOFT TISSUE INJURY OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY SO COMBAT ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; ANTEROLATERAL THIGH FLAP; VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE; EXTERNAL FIXATION; TIBIAL FRACTURES; ILIAC CREST; VIETNAM-WAR; FOLLOW-UP; RECONSTRUCTION; TRAUMA C1 [Kumar, Anand R.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lim, Alan A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lim, Alan A.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Tintle, Scott] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. [Bradley, James P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kumar, AR (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-965-1 PY 2011 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ12 UT WOS:000288484200018 ER PT B AU Potter, BK Tintle, S Forsberg, JA AF Potter, Benjamin K. Tintle, Scott Forsberg, Jonathan Agner BE Owens, BD Belmont, PJ TI COMBAT-RELATED LOWER EXTREMITY AMPUTATIONS SO COMBAT ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BELOW-KNEE AMPUTATION; OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; LOWER-LIMB AMPUTATIONS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; SYMES AMPUTATION; TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTATIONS; TRAUMATIC AMPUTATIONS; VIETNAM-WAR; FREE FLAPS C1 [Potter, Benjamin K.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Amputee Patient Care Program, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. [Potter, Benjamin K.; Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Tintle, Scott] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] USN, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Integrated Dept Orthopaed Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Potter, BK (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Amputee Patient Care Program, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. NR 117 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-965-1 PY 2011 BP 205 EP 219 PG 15 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ12 UT WOS:000288484200022 ER PT B AU Kumar, AR Lim, AA Tintle, S Bradley, JP AF Kumar, Anand R. Lim, Alan A. Tintle, Scott Bradley, James P. BE Owens, BD Belmont, PJ TI LOWER EXTREMITY COVERAGE: MANAGEMENT OF COMBAT-RELATED SOFT TISSUE INJURY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY SO COMBAT ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY: LESSONS LEARNED IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; ANTEROLATERAL THIGH FLAP; OPEN TIBIAL FRACTURES; VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE; FOOT RECONSTRUCTION; WAR WOUNDS; FOLLOW-UP; TRAUMA; EXPERIENCE; MUSCLE C1 [Kumar, Anand R.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lim, Alan A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lim, Alan A.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Tintle, Scott] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bradley, James P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kumar, AR (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-965-1 PY 2011 BP 253 EP 267 PG 15 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ12 UT WOS:000288484200025 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Myth: Entrepreneurs are visionaries SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 2 EP 9 PG 8 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100002 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Effectual Entrepreneurship Introduction SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP IX EP + PG 7 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100001 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI I don't have a good idea SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 10 EP 19 PG 10 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100003 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Myth: Entrepreneurs are risk takers SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 20 EP 29 PG 10 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100004 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI I don't have enough money SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100005 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Myth: Entrepreneurs are extraordinary forecasters SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100006 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI I don't know how to take the plunge SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100007 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Myth: Entrepreneurs are not like the rest of us SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100008 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI I'm human: I'm afraid of failing SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100009 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI The bird-in-hand principle: Start with what you have SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 72 EP 82 PG 11 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100010 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Worldmaking: Understand transformation SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 83 EP 95 PG 13 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100011 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI The affordable loss principle: Risk little, fail cheap SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 96 EP 104 PG 9 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100012 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Financing: Bootstrap the venture SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100013 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI The crazy quilt principle: Form partnerships SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 113 EP 124 PG 12 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100014 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Ownership and control: Manage investors SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 125 EP 139 PG 15 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100015 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI The lemonade principle: Leverage surprise SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 140 EP 150 PG 11 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100016 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Business plans and business models: Make pitches SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 151 EP 162 PG 12 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100017 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Venture identity: Build brand SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 163 EP 172 PG 10 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100018 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI The pilot-on-the-plane principle: Apply non-predictive control SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 173 EP 186 PG 14 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100019 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI When the venture grows up SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 189 EP 199 PG 11 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100020 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Entrepreneurship as a technology for social change SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 200 EP 207 PG 8 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100021 ER PT J AU Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, AV AF Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nick Wiltbank, Robert Ohlsson, Anne-Valerie BA Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A BF Read, S Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Wiltbank, R Ohlsson, A TI Effectual Entrepreneurship Conclusion SO EFFECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nick] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RI OHLSSON, Anne-Valerie/H-1127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-20383-690-3 PY 2011 BP 208 EP 209 PG 2 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BUO94 UT WOS:000289946100022 ER PT B AU Barlow, BT Harris, EB AF Barlow, Brian T. Harris, Eric B. BE Rihn, JA Harris, EB TI PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE THORACOLUMBAR SPINE SO MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE: MAKING THE COMPLEX SIMPLE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCOLIOSIS C1 [Barlow, Brian T.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Harris, Eric B.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Multidisciplinary Spine Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Harris, Eric B.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Barlow, BT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-996-5 PY 2011 BP 18 EP 41 PG 24 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BWS05 UT WOS:000294697300003 ER PT B AU Ponton, RP Harris, EB AF Ponton, Ryan P. Harris, Eric B. BE Rihn, JA Harris, EB TI CERVICAL TRAUMA UPPER CERVICAL SPINE SO MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE: MAKING THE COMPLEX SIMPLE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIPLE IMAGING TECHNIQUES; ANTERIOR SCREW FIXATION; ODONTOID FRACTURES; ATLANTOOCCIPITAL DISLOCATION; NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; EASTERN ASSOCIATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY C1 [Ponton, Ryan P.] USN, Dept Orthoped, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Harris, Eric B.] USN, Multidisciplinary Spine Ctr, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Harris, Eric B.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Ponton, RP (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthoped, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-996-5 PY 2011 BP 98 EP 124 PG 27 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BWS05 UT WOS:000294697300008 ER PT B AU Hanna, KH Harris, EB AF Hanna, Kathryn H. Harris, Eric B. BE Rihn, JA Harris, EB TI SCHEUERMANN KYPHOSIS SO MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE: MAKING THE COMPLEX SIMPLE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MILWAUKEE-BRACE TREATMENT; JUVENILE KYPHOSIS; FOLLOW-UP; DISEASE; INSTRUMENTATION; COMPRESSION C1 [Hanna, Kathryn H.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Harris, Eric B.] USN, Multidisciplinary Spine Ctr, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Harris, Eric B.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Hanna, KH (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-996-5 PY 2011 BP 261 EP 275 PG 15 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BWS05 UT WOS:000294697300016 ER PT B AU Saldua, NS Harrop, JS AF Saldua, Nelson S. Harrop, James S. BE Rihn, JA Harris, EB TI PRIMARY BONE TUMORS OF THE SPINE SO MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE: MAKING THE COMPLEX SIMPLE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GIANT-CELL TUMORS; ARTERIAL EMBOLIZATION; OSTEOID OSTEOMA; MUSCULOSKELETAL SARCOMA; VERTEBRAL TUMORS; LUMBAR SPINE; CYST; OSTEOBLASTOMA; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM C1 [Saldua, Nelson S.] USN, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Harrop, James S.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Harrop, James S.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Orthoped Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Saldua, NS (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-996-5 PY 2011 BP 292 EP 312 PG 21 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BWS05 UT WOS:000294697300018 ER PT B AU Cummings, JA AF Cummings, James A. BE Schiller, A Brassington, GB TI Ocean Data Quality Control SO OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION; ACCURACY AB Automated ocean data quality procedures are presented. The procedures are logically grouped into four stages of processing, which when taken together form a complete sensor-to-prediction quality control system. The main features of the different ocean observing systems assimilated by GODAE are presented along with sources and types of errors that can occur in the data. Specific quality control procedures are described that test for these errors as well as more general procedures that estimate the consistency of the data across observing systems. Performance of the external data checks in the U.S. Navy real-time ocean data quality system is described. Finally, the importance of real-time ocean data quality control as an observing system monitoring tool is emphasized, and some specific examples are given of new quality control techniques developed in numerical weather prediction that have direct applicability in ocean data assimilation and forecasting systems. C1 USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cummings, JA (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.cummings@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0331-5 PY 2011 BP 91 EP 121 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0332-2_4 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0332-2 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BWL57 UT WOS:000294197300004 ER PT B AU Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Richman, JG Chassignet, EP Drillet, Y Hecht, MW Le Galloudec, O Shriver, JF Xu, XB Zamudio, L AF Hurlburt, Harley E. Metzger, E. Joseph Richman, James G. Chassignet, Eric P. Drillet, Yann Hecht, Matthew W. Le Galloudec, Olivier Shriver, Jay F. Xu, Xiaobiao Zamudio, Luis BE Schiller, A Brassington, GB TI Dynamical Evaluation of Ocean Models Using the Gulf Stream as an Example SO OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC CIRCULATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; CAPE-HATTERAS; WIND STRESS; WORLD OCEAN; RESOLUTION; TRANSPORT AB The Gulf Stream is the focus of an effort aimed at dynamical understanding and evaluation of current systems simulated by eddy-resolving Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs), including examples with and without data assimilation and results from four OGCMs (HYCOM, MICOM, NEMO, and POP), the first two including Lagrangian isopycnal coordinates in the vertical and the last two using fixed depths. The Gulf Stream has been challenging to simulate and understand. While different non-assimilative models have at times simulated a realistic Gulf Stream pathway, the simulations are very sensitive to small changes, such as subgrid-scale parameterizations and parameter values. Thus it is difficult to obtain consistent results and serious flaws are often simulated upstream and downstream of Gulf Stream separation from the coast at Cape Hatteras. In realistic simulations, steering by a key abyssal current and a Gulf Stream feedback mechanism constrain the latitude of the Gulf Stream near 68.5 degrees W. Additionally, the Gulf Stream follows a constant absolute vorticity (CAV) trajectory from Cape Hatteras to similar to 70 degrees W, but without the latitudinal constraint near 68.5 degrees W, the pathway typically develops a northern or southern bias. A shallow bias in the southward abyssal flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) creates a serious problem in many simulations because it results in abyssal currents along isobaths too shallow to feed into the key abyssal current or other abyssal currents that provide a similar pathway constraint. Pathways with a southern bias are driven by a combination of abyssal currents crossing under the Gulf Stream near the separation point and the increased opportunity for strong flow instabilities along the more southern route. The associated eddy-driven mean abyssal currents constrain the mean pathway to the east. Due to sloping topography, flow instabilities are inhibited along the more northern routes west of similar to 69 degrees W, especially for pathways with a northern bias. The northern bias occurs when the abyssal current steering constraint needed for a realistic pathway is missing or too weak and the simulation succumbs to the demands of linear dynamics for an overshoot pathway. Both the wind forcing and the upper ocean branch of the AMOC contribute to those demands. Simulations with a northern pathway bias were all forced by a wind product particularly conducive to that result and they have a strong or typical AMOC transport with a shallow bias in the southward flow. Simulations forced by the same wind product (or other wind products) that have a weak AMOC with a shallow bias in the southward limb exhibit Gulf Stream pathways with a southern bias. Data assimilation has a very positive impact on the model dynamics by increasing the strength of a previously weak AMOC and by increasing the depth range of the deep southward branch. The increased depth range of the southward branch generates more realistic abyssal currents along the continental slope. This result in combination with vortex stretching and compression generated by the data-assimilative approximation to meanders in the Gulf Stream and related eddies in the upper ocean yield a model response that simulates the Gulf Stream-relevant abyssal current features seen in historical in situ observations, including the key abyssal current near 68.5 degrees W, a current not observed in the assimilated data set or corresponding simulations without data assimilation. In addition, the model maintains these abyssal currents in a mean of 48 14-day forecasts, butdoes not maintain the strength of the Gulf Stream east of the western boundary. C1 [Hurlburt, Harley E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hurlburt, HE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM harley.hurlburt@nrlsse.navy.mil NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0331-5 PY 2011 BP 545 EP 609 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0332-2_21 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0332-2 PG 65 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BWL57 UT WOS:000294197300021 ER PT B AU Provencher, MT Hsu, AR Ghodadra, NS Romeo, AA AF Provencher, Matthew T. Hsu, Andrew R. Ghodadra, Neil S. Romeo, Anthony A. BE DiGiacomo, G Costantini, A DeVita, A DeGasperis, N TI ILIAC-CREST GRAFT AND DISTAL TIBIA ALLOGRAFT PROCEDURE SO SHOULDER INSTABILITY: ALTERNATIVE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTERIOR GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY; ANATOMICAL GLENOID RECONSTRUCTION; SHOULDER INSTABILITY; BONE LOSS; BANKART; DISLOCATION; LATARJET; DEFECTS; REPAIRS C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hsu, Andrew R.; Ghodadra, Neil S.; Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG ITALIA PI MILAN PA MILAN, ITALY BN 978-88-470-2034-4 PY 2011 BP 117 EP 146 PG 30 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BWR86 UT WOS:000294692400006 ER PT B AU Hoffer, ME Balaban, C AF Hoffer, Michael E. Balaban, Carey BE Moller, AR Langguth, B DeRidder, D Kleinjung, T TI Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposures: Auditory and Vestibular Pathology SO TEXTBOOK OF TINNITUS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Tinnitus; Traumatic brain injury; Tinnitus; Vestibular disorders; Hearing loss ID SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; TINNITUS; PRESSURE C1 [Hoffer, Michael E.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Balaban, Carey] Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Eye & Ear, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Michael.hoffer@med.navy.mil; cbalaban@pitt.edu OI Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-60761-144-8 PY 2011 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_67 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BSR36 UT WOS:000285539700067 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Principe, J AF Cobb, J. Tory Principe, Jose BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Seabed Segmentation in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Images SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Synthetic Aperture Sonar; Image Segmentation; K-Distribution; Parameter Estimation; Autocorrelation Function ID K-DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER; MRF MODEL; TEXTURES AB A synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) image segmentation algorithm using features from a parameterized intensity image autocorrelation function (ACF) is presented. A modification over previous parameterized ACF models that better characterizes periodic or rippled seabed textures is presented and discussed. An unsupervised multiclass k-means segmentation algorithm is proposed and tested against a set of labeled SAS images. Segmentation results using the various models are compared against sand, rock, and rippled seabed environments. C1 [Cobb, J. Tory] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 80170M DI 10.1117/12.883048 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600021 ER PT S AU Isaacs, JC AF Isaacs, Jason C. BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Laplace-Beltrami Eigenfunctions for 3D Shape Matching SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 3D Shape analysis; Laplace-Beltrami; manifold learning ID DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; EIGENMAPS AB Assuming that a 2D surface is a representation of a manifold embedded in 3-space then metrics of the eigenfunctions of the diffusion maps of that manifold represent the shape of that manifold with invariance to rotation, scale, and translation. Diffusion maps is said to preserve the local proximity between data points by constructing a representation for the underlying manifold by an approximation of the Laplace-Beltrami operator acting on the graph of this surface. This work examines 3D shape clustering problems using metrics of the projections onto the natural and nodal sets of the Laplace-Betrami eigenfunctions for shape analysis of closed surfaces. Results demonstrate that the metrics allow for good class separation over multiple targets with noise. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Signal Proc & ATR, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Signal Proc & ATR, X-13,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM jason.c.isaacs1@navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 80170Q DI 10.1117/12.885642 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600025 ER PT S AU Isaacs, JC AF Isaacs, Jason C. BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Optimal Frame Pursuit for Pattern Classification SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Over-complete basis; projection pursuit; basis pursuit; genetic algorithms; cross-entropy ID CROSS-ENTROPY METHOD; OPTIMIZATION AB Frame methods, basis expansion methods, or kernel methods provide a higher-dimensional representation of a given dataset within a feature space for discrimination applications. Frame pursuit addresses the problem of searching for optimal frames to improve classification for pattern recognition applications. In this paper, the results of two stochastic optimization techniques applied to the optimal frame problem are presented. The cost function is a k-nearest-neighbor function. These techniques are tested here over six datasets. Empirical results demonstrate the utility of frame transformations for improving performance results in pattern recognition applications. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Signal Proc & ATR, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Signal Proc & ATR, X-13,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 80170N DI 10.1117/12.885641 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600022 ER PT S AU Matthews, CA Sternlicht, DD AF Matthews, Cameron A. Sternlicht, Daniel D. BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Seabed Change Detection in Challenging Environments SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Automatic Change Detection (ACD) compares new and stored terrain images for alerting to changes occurring over time. These techniques, long used in airborne radar, are just beginning to be applied to sidescan sonar. Under the right conditions ACD by image correlation-comparing multi-temporal image data at the pixel or parcel level-can be used to detect new objects on the seafloor. Synthetic aperture sonars (SAS)-coherent sensors that produce fine-scale, range-independent resolution seafloor images-are well suited for this approach; however, dynamic seabed environments can introduce "clutter" to the process. This paper explores an ACD method that uses salience mapping in a global-to-local analysis architecture. In this method, termed Temporally Invariant Saliency (TIS), variance ratios of median-filtered repeat-pass images are used to detect new objects, while deemphasizing modest environmental or radiometric-induced changes in the background. Successful tests with repeat-pass data from two SAS systems mounted on autonomous undersea vehicles (AUV) demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. C1 [Matthews, Cameron A.; Sternlicht, Daniel D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Matthews, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 80170P DI 10.1117/12.881644 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600024 ER PT S AU Miller, JB AF Miller, Joel B. BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Detection of Explosives: An Overview SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance; NQR; explosives; detection ID CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; N-14 NQR; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFERENCE; LANDMINES AB Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is a spectroscopic technique closely related to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These techniques, and NQR in particular, induce signals from the material being interrogated that are very specific to the chemical and physical structure of the material, but are relatively insensitive to the physical form of the material. NQR explosives detection exploits this specificity to detect explosive materials, in contrast to other well known techniques that are designed to detect explosive devices. The past two decades have seen a large research and development effort in NQR explosives detection in the United States aimed at transportation security and military applications. Here, I will briefly describe the physical basis for NQR before discussing NQR developments over the past decade, with particular emphasis on landmine detection and the use of NQR in combating IED's. Potential future directions for NQR research and development are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 801715 DI 10.1117/12.887213 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600038 ER EF