FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Briggs, MJ Silver, AL Kopp, PJ AF Briggs, Michael J. Silver, Andrew L. Kopp, Paul J. TI PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR PREDICTING SHIP UNDERKEEL CLEARANCE: FIELD AND LABORATORY VALIDATION SO COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Deep-draft ships; deep-draft channel design; underkeel clearance; probabilistic channel design; wave-induced ship motions; GPS ship measurements; physical models; model validation AB This paper presents validation comparisons between field and laboratory measurements and a new probabilistic model for predicting ship underkeel clearance (UKC). Prototype ship motions and environmental data were obtained in May 1999 in the deep-draft entrance channel at Barbers Point, HI. These field measurements were reproduced in controlled laboratory studies in 2000 and 2002 with a model of the World Utility (WU) bulk carrier. These measurements constitute some of the data being used to validate the Corps's Channel Analysis and Design Evaluation Tool (CADET), a suite of programs to determine the optimum dredge depth for entrance channels. In general, the CADET predictions matched the field and laboratory measurements within cm-accuracy for wave heights that ranged from 45 cm to 75 cm. C1 [Briggs, Michael J.] Briggs Grp LLC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Silver, Andrew L.; Kopp, Paul J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Seakeeping Dept, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Briggs, Michael J.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, CEERD HN HH, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Briggs, MJ (reprint author), Briggs Grp LLC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM briggsm1@cablelynx.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0578-5634 EI 1793-6292 J9 COAST ENG J JI Coast Eng. J. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 2 AR 1450010 DI 10.1142/S0578563414500107 PG 31 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AI6GJ UT WOS:000336969800004 ER PT J AU Michini, M Hsieh, MA Forgoston, E Schwartz, IB AF Michini, Matthew Hsieh, M. Ani Forgoston, Eric Schwartz, Ira B. TI Robotic Tracking of Coherent Structures in Flows SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Distributed robot systems; marine robotics; networked robots ID INTERPOLATION; BOUNDARIES; NAVIGATION; TURBULENCE; ALGORITHM; SWARMS; FIELDS AB Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) are separatrices that delineate dynamically distinct regions in general dynamical systems and can be viewed as the extensions of stable and unstable manifolds to general time-dependent systems. Identifying LCS in dynamical systems is useful for many applications, including oceanography and weather prediction. In this paper, we present a collaborative robotic control strategy that is designed to track stable and unstable manifolds in dynamical systems, including ocean flows. The technique does not require global information about the dynamics, and is based on local sensing, prediction, and correction. The collaborative control strategy is implemented with a team of three robots to track coherent structures and manifolds on static flows, a time-dependent model of a wind-driven double-gyre flow often seen in the ocean, experimental data that are generated by a flow tank, and actual ocean data. We present simulation results and discuss theoretical guarantees of the collaborative tracking strategy. C1 [Michini, Matthew; Hsieh, M. Ani] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, SAS Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Forgoston, Eric] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michini, M (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, SAS Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mam637@drexel.edu; mhsieh1@drexel.edu; eric.forgoston@montclair.edu; ira.schwartz@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; ONR [N0001411WX20079, N0001412WX20083]; NRL [N0017310-2-C007] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The work of M. Michini and M. A. Hsieh was supported by ONR Contract N0001411WX20079. The work of E. Forgoston was supported by NRL Award N0017310-2-C007. The work of I. B. Schwartz was supported by ONR Contract N0001412WX20083. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1552-3098 EI 1941-0468 J9 IEEE T ROBOT JI IEEE Trans. Robot. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 593 EP 603 DI 10.1109/TRO.2013.2295655 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA AI8CR UT WOS:000337133700005 ER PT J AU Lean, JL AF Lean, Judith L. TI Evolution of Total Atmospheric Ozone from 1900 to 2100 Estimated with Statistical Models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; GREENHOUSE GASES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOLAR-CYCLE; TRENDS; AIR; AGE; INCREASES; CHLORINE; IMPACT AB Statistical models that account for the separate influences on total atmospheric ozone of ozone-depleting substances, anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and natural processes are formulated from the Merged Ozone Data (MOD V8 and V8.6) and used to explore scenarios for ozone's evolution from 1900 to 2100. The statistical models based on MOD V8 project larger growth in total ozone during the twenty-first century than do coupled chemistry-climate models globally and in the tropics where the chemistry-climate models indicate persistent ozone depletion. The statistical models based on MOD V8.6 suggest, instead, that total ozone everywhere never (or barely) recovers to 1980 levels. Since the decline in ozone-depleting substances and the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations are both expected to increase ozone in the twenty-first century, these results suggest that downward instrumental drifts may be present in MOD V8.6. Instrumental drifts, of opposite sign, may also be present in MOD V8 since it is possible to reduce the projections of the corresponding statistical models to agree with those of the chemistry-climate models by altering the long-term trends of the MOD V8 data within the estimated long-term uncertainty. Alternatively, the chemistry-climate models may project excess tropical ozone depletion by overestimating trends in the upwelling of tropical (ozone poor) air associated with global warming and the resultant decline in mean age of air. This possibility is consistent with independent observations that the age of stratospheric air has not declined during the past three decades, as the globe has warmed 0.3 degrees C, and that model parameterizations of tropical convection may be inadequate. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judith.lean@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA FX NASA funded this work. Discussions with Richard Stolarski, Paul Newman, and David Rind are very much appreciated, as are numerous thoughtful and constructive comments by the reviewers, who pointed out, among other things, the discrepancy between the long-term trends in the MOD V8 and MOD V8.6 datasets and between the TOMS and SAGE tropical total ozone observations, and suggested the utility of statistical model formulations of chemistry-climate model simulations. Also acknowledged are extensive discussions with John Emmert and J. Michael Picone about statistical models; especially appreciated is their invaluable help implementing the code to calculate statistical model uncertainties taking into account autocorrelation. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1956 EP 1984 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-052.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5CL UT WOS:000336882900004 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JM Flatau, PJ Yates, RD AF Schmidt, Jerome M. Flatau, Piotr J. Yates, Robert D. TI Convective Cells in Altocumulus Observed with a High-Resolution Radar SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; ICE WATER-CONTENT; DOPPLER RADAR; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; DRIZZLE PARAMETERS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CIRRUS CLOUDS; LIQUID AB Very-high-resolution Doppler radar observations are used together with aircraft measurements to document the dynamic and thermodynamic structure of a dissipating altocumulus cloud system associated with a deep virga layer. The cloud layer circulation is shown to consist of shallow vertical velocity couplets near cloud top and a series of subkilometer-scale Rayleigh-Benard-like cells that extend vertically through the depth of the cloud layer. The subcloud layer was observed to contain a number of narrow virga fall streaks that developed below the more dominant Rayleigh-Benard updraft circulations in the cloud layer. These features were discovered to be associated with kilometer-scale horizontally orientated rotor circulations that formed along the lateral flanks of the streaks collocated downdraft circulation. The Doppler analysis further reveals that a layer mean descent was present throughout both the cloud and subcloud layers. This characteristic of the circulation is analyzed with regard to the diabatic and radiative forcing on horizontal length scales ranging from the Rayleigh-Benard circulations to the overall cloud layer width. In particular, linear analytical results indicate that a deep and broad mesoscale region of subsidence is quickly established in middle-level cloud layers of finite width when a layer-wide horizontal gradient in the cloud-top radiative cooling rate is present. A conceptual model summarizing the primary observed and inferred circulation features of the altocumulus layer is presented. C1 [Schmidt, Jerome M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Flatau, Piotr J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Schmidt, JM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM jerome.schmidt@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011 FU Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division FX The field studies used to obtain these measurements were supported in part by the grants from the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers whose comments led to numerous improvements in the text. Dr. Dale Durran of the University of Washington is gratefully acknowledged for sharing his analytical model with us for use in this study. We thank Dr. Michael Pritchard of the University of California, Irvine, for his initial assistance with the linear model. We thank Dr. Jason Nachamkin for his informal comments on the possibility of gravity waves in the all-sky camera images, which helped prompt a further investigation on this topic. Dr. Paul Harasti is acknowledged for his help with MCR algorithms deployed in this study. Mr. Ricky Littleton, Dr. Scott Richman, and Mr. Chuck Deming of L-3 Interstate Electronics Corporation, Anaheim, California, aided in the processing of the raw MCR radar fields and operation of the radar. The Snow White balloon data were collected by Dr. William Kohri of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland. The 2D-C and other aircraft measurements were provided by Ms. Erin Fischer of Weather Modification, Inc., Fargo, North Dakota, with additional help from Dr. Dave Delene from the University of North Dakota. Dr. Greg McFarquhar provided helpful comments on the interpretation of the 2D-C imagery. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2130 EP 2154 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0172.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5CL UT WOS:000336882900014 ER PT J AU Sweeney, TM Carter, SG Bracker, AS Kim, M Kim, CS Yang, L Vora, PM Brereton, PG Cleveland, ER Gammon, D AF Sweeney, Timothy M. Carter, Samuel G. Bracker, Allan S. Kim, Mijin Kim, Chul Soo Yang, Lily Vora, Patrick M. Brereton, Peter G. Cleveland, Erin R. Gammon, Daniel TI Cavity-stimulated Raman emission from a single quantum dot spin SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CONTROL; ELECTRON SPINS; ENTANGLEMENT; NETWORK; PHOTON AB Solid-state quantum emitters have shown strong potential for applications in quantum information, but the spectral inhomogeneity of these emitters poses a significant challenge. We address this issue in a cavity-quantum dot system by demonstrating cavity-stimulated Raman spin flip emission. This process avoids populating the excited state of the emitter and generates a photon that is Raman shifted from the laser and enhanced by the cavity. The emission is spectrally narrow and tunable over a range of at least 125 GHz, which is two orders of magnitude greater than the natural linewidth. We obtain the regime in which the Raman emission is spin dependent, which couples the photon to a long-lived electron spin qubit. This process can enable an efficient, tunable source of indistinguishable photons and deterministic entanglement of distant spin qubits in a photonic-crystal quantum network. C1 [Sweeney, Timothy M.; Carter, Samuel G.; Bracker, Allan S.; Kim, Chul Soo; Yang, Lily; Vora, Patrick M.; Cleveland, Erin R.; Gammon, Daniel] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Mijin] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. [Brereton, Peter G.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sweeney, TM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gammon@nrl.navy.mil RI Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012; Brereton, Peter/M-4751-2013; OI Brereton, Peter/0000-0002-2814-4247; Vora, Patrick/0000-0003-3967-8137 FU Multi-University Research Initiative (US Army Research Office) [W911NF0910406]; US Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank J. Lawall for advice on high-resolution spectroscopy and on building a scanning Fabry-Perot filter. The authors also thank H. Wang for discussions on the physics of cavity-quantum electrodynamics. This work was supported by a Multi-University Research Initiative (US Army Research Office; W911NF0910406) and the US Office of Naval Research. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 55 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 6 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2014.84 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AI6HF UT WOS:000336972000009 ER PT J AU Rubin, M AF Rubin, Michael TI America's Great Game: The CIA's Secret Arabists and the Shaping of the Modern Middle East SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Rubin, Michael] Amer Enterprise Inst Publ Policy Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Rubin, Michael] Naval Postgrad School, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), Amer Enterprise Inst Publ Policy Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 EI 1943-4634 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD JUN PY 2014 VL 137 IS 6 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA AI1TE UT WOS:000336636900017 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Avalanches Are Coming SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denning, Peter J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2014 VL 57 IS 6 BP 34 EP 36 DI 10.1145/2602324 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AI0AD UT WOS:000336507200012 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Review DE fabricated metal; modeling processes; powder metallurgy ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; SMALL COMPANY; LASER; DEPOSITION; ALGORITHM AB This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM frazierwe@gmail.com NR 52 TC 202 Z9 205 U1 152 U2 675 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1917 EP 1928 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AH8MZ UT WOS:000336393300001 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Koul, MG Schubbe, JJ AF Jones, Jennifer L. Koul, Michelle G. Schubbe, Joel J. TI An Evaluation of the Corrosion and Mechanical Performance of Interstitially Surface-Hardened Stainless Steel SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE corrosion; fatigue; fracture; galling; hardening; stainless steel ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; CARBON SUPERSATURATION; CARBURIZATION; RESISTANCE AB A surface hardening technique called "interstitial hardening" is commercially available, whereby interstitial carbon atoms are introduced into stainless steel surfaces without the formation of carbides. Surface hardening of machine elements such as impellors or fasteners would improve performance regarding cavitation and galling resistance, and has intensified interest in this process. However, there remains a need to characterize and validate the specific performance characteristics of the hardened materials. This paper describes experimental testing conducted on 316L stainless steel that has been surface hardened using available commercial techniques, using carbon as the interstitial atom. The corrosion performance of the hardened surface is assessed using electrochemical potentiodynamic testing to determine the breakdown potential in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution to identify the most promising method. The hardness and thickness of the surface-hardened layer is characterized and compared using metallography and microhardness profiling. Corrosion fatigue and slow strain rate testing of untreated, hardened, and damaged, hardened surfaces exposed to ASTM seawater is conducted. Finally, critical galling stresses are determined and compared. Post-test examination of damage attempts to identify mechanisms of material failure and characterize how corrosion-assisted cracks initiate and grow in surface-hardened materials. C1 [Jones, Jennifer L.; Koul, Michelle G.; Schubbe, Joel J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Schubbe@usna.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2055 EP 2066 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-0943-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AH8MZ UT WOS:000336393300017 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG AF Lambrakos, S. G. TI Inverse Thermal Analysis of Stainless Steel Deep-Penetration Welds Using Volumetric Constraints SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE modeling and simulation; stainless steel; thermal analysis; welding AB Case-study inverse thermal analyses of 304L, 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn, and Grade EH-36 stainless steel deep-penetration welds are presented. These analyses employ a methodology that is in terms of numerical-analytical basis functions for inverse thermal analysis of steady-state energy deposition in plate structures. The results of the case studies presented provide parametric representations of weld temperature histories that can be adopted as input data to various types of computational procedures, such as those for prediction of solid-state phase transformations. In addition, these temperature histories can be used to construct parametric-function representations for inverse thermal analysis of welds corresponding to other process parameters or welding processes whose process conditions are within similar regimes. The present study extends an inverse thermal analysis procedure applied in previous studies. This extension provides for the inclusion of volumetric constraint conditions whose two-dimensional projections are mappings onto transverse cross sections of experimentally measured solidification boundaries. This study also discusses specific aspects of the inverse-analysis methodology relevant to further development of algorithms for its application in practice. C1 Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) internal core program FX This work was supported by a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) internal core program. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2219 EP 2232 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-1023-7 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AH8MZ UT WOS:000336393300034 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Shabaev, A Huang, L AF Lambrakos, S. G. Shabaev, A. Huang, L. TI Inverse Thermal Analysis of a Titanium Laser Weld Using Multiple Constraint Conditions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE modeling and simulation; welding; titanium ID HEAT; ALGORITHM; FLOW AB Inverse thermal analysis of a titanium laser weld using multiple constraint conditions is presented. This analysis employs a methodology that is in terms of numerical-analytical basis functions for inverse thermal analysis of steady-state energy deposition in plate structures. The results of this type of analysis provide parametric representations of weld temperature histories that can be adopted as input data to various types of computational procedures, such as those for prediction of solid-state phase transformations. In addition, these temperature histories can be used to construct parametric-function representations for inverse thermal analysis of welds corresponding to other process parameters or welding processes whose process conditions are within similar regimes. The present study extends an inverse thermal analysis procedure applied in previous studies. This extension provides for the inclusion of constraint conditions associated with both solidification and phase transformation boundaries. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.; Huang, L.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shabaev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) internal core program FX This work was supported by a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) internal core program. The authors thank Dr. Noam Bernstein for his review of this paper. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2233 EP 2240 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-1021-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AH8MZ UT WOS:000336393300035 ER PT J AU Jamrozy, M Stawarz, L Marchenko, V Kuzmicz, A Ostrowski, M Cheung, CC Sikora, M AF Jamrozy, M. Stawarz, L. Marchenko, V. Kuzmicz, A. Ostrowski, M. Cheung, C. C. Sikora, M. TI Peculiar radio structures in the central regions of galaxy cluster Abell 585 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; galaxies: active; galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 585; galaxies: jets; quasars: individual: B3 0727+409; radio continuum: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; INTRACLUSTER MAGNETIC-FIELD; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE RECOIL; X-RAY-EMISSION; TAIL GALAXIES; DATA RELEASE; SDSS; SPECTRUM AB In this paper, we analyse the peculiar radio structure observed across the central region of the galaxy cluster Abell 585 (z = 0.12). In the low-resolution radio maps, this structure appears uniform and diffuse on angular scales of similar to 3 arcmin, and is seemingly related to the distant (z = 2.5) radio quasar B3 0727+409 rather than to the cluster itself. However, after a careful investigation of the unpublished archival radio data with better angular resolution, we resolve the structure into two distinct arcmin-scale features, which resemble typical lobes of cluster radio galaxies with no obvious connection to the background quasar. We support this conclusion by examining the spectral and polarization properties of the features, demonstrating in addition that the analysed structure can hardly be associated with any sort of a radio mini-halo or relics of the cluster. Yet at the same time we are not able to identify host galaxies of the radio lobes in the available optical and infrared surveys. We consider some speculative explanations for our findings, including gravitational wave recoil kicks of supermassive black holes responsible for the lobes' formation in the process of merging massive ellipticals within the central parts of a rich cluster environment, but we do not reach any robust conclusions regarding the origin of the detected radio features. C1 [Jamrozy, M.; Stawarz, L.; Marchenko, V.; Kuzmicz, A.; Ostrowski, M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Stawarz, L.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sikora, M.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Jamrozy, M (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. EM jamrozy@oa.uj.edu.pl RI Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015 FU Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083, DEC-2013/09/B/ST9/00599]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA DPR [S-15633-Y] FX We thank the anonymous reviewer for her/his comments which have significantly improved the paper. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC extragalactic data base (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge use of the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey. LS, MO and MJ are supported by Polish NSC grants DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083 and DEC-2013/09/B/ST9/00599, respectively. Work by CCC at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 441 IS 2 BP 1260 EP 1269 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu648 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH9WC UT WOS:000336494800027 ER PT J AU Ngodock, H Carrier, M AF Ngodock, Hans Carrier, Matthew TI A 4DVAR System for the Navy Coastal Ocean Model. Part I: System Description and Assimilation of Synthetic Observations in Monterey Bay SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PREDICTION SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; FORMULATION; NCOM AB A 4D variational data assimilation system was developed for assimilating ocean observations with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model. It is described in this paper, along with initial assimilation experiments in Monterey Bay using synthetic observations. The assimilation system is tested in a series of twin data experiments to assess its ability to fit assimilated and independent observations by controlling the initial conditions and/or the external forcing while assimilating surface and/or subsurface observations. In all strong and weak constraint experiments, the minimization of the cost function is done with both the gradient descent method (in the control space) and the representer method (observation space). The accuracy of the forecasts following the analysis and the relevance of the retrieved forcing correction in the case of weak constraints are evaluated. It is shown that the assimilation system generally fits the assimilated and nonassimilated observations well in all experiments, yielding lower forecast errors. C1 [Ngodock, Hans; Carrier, Matthew] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ngodock, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7321, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hans.ngodock@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Program Element [0601153N] FX This work was sponsored by Office of Naval Research Program Element 0601153N as part of the projects "Exploring Covariances for Ocean Variational Data Assimilation" and "Variational Data Assimilation for Ocean Prediction." The authors thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 6 BP 2085 EP 2107 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00221.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5AT UT WOS:000336878500001 ER PT J AU Ngodock, H Carrier, M AF Ngodock, Hans Carrier, Matthew TI A 4DVAR System for the Navy Coastal Ocean Model. Part II: Strong and Weak Constraint Assimilation Experiments with Real Observations in Monterey Bay SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST; IMPLEMENTATION; SURFACE AB A four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system was recently developed for the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). The system was tested in the first part of this study using synthetic surface and subsurface data. Here, a full range of real surface and subsurface data is considered following encouraging results from the preliminary test. The data include sea surface temperature and sea surface height from satellite, as well as subsurface observations from gliders deployed during the second Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network field experiment in California's Monterey Bay. Data assimilation is carried out with strong and weak constraints, and results are compared against independent observations. This study clearly shows that the 4DVAR approach improves. the free-running model simulation and that the weak constraint experiment has lower analysis errors than does the strong constraint version. C1 [Ngodock, Hans; Carrier, Matthew] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ngodock, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7321, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hans.ngodock@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Program Element [0601153N] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Program Element 0601153N as part of the "Exploring Covariances for Ocean Variational Data Assimilation" and "Variational Data Assimilation for Ocean Prediction" projects. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 6 BP 2108 EP 2117 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00220.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5AT UT WOS:000336878500002 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Richman, JG Doyle, JD Spence, PL Bartels, BP Barron, CN Helber, RW Bub, FL AF Jacobs, Gregg A. Richman, James G. Doyle, James D. Spence, Peter L. Bartels, Brent P. Barron, Charlie N. Helber, Robert W. Bub, Frank L. TI Simulating conditional deterministic predictability within ocean frontogenesis SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Altimeter; Frontogenesis; Mesoscale; Assimilation; OSE; Predictability ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION; SUBMESOSCALE TRANSITION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MESOSCALE; FRONTS; MODEL; GODAE; CIRCULATION; FORMULATION AB Ocean mesoscale eddies are non-deterministic in that small errors grow in time so that accurate prediction is not possible without continual correction from observations. Ocean frontogenesis can be forced by mesoscale eddies through straining of buoyancy gradients, which produces filaments of surface divergence related to ageostrophic upwelling. The upwelling can result in thinning of the mixed layer. The frontogenesis predictability is tested through a series of Observation System Experiments (OSEs), the results of which indicate that if the strength and location of the mesoscale eddies are accurately predicted, then the associated frontogenesis features can be predicted. The frontogenesis features have a 'conditional deterministic predictability'. The OSEs are started with perturbed initial conditions, and the OSEs assimilate an increasing number of satellite altimeter data streams. One experiment uses all available data to provide the most accurate analysis, which is labeled as the nature run. Relative to the nature run, ocean steric height correlations increases from about 0.87 with one altimeter and asymptotically reaches 0.99 with four altimeters, showing increasing skill in mesoscale prediction. Satellite data provide no information to dynamically correct frontogenesis processes in the numerical models. Even though not corrected by data, as the number of satellite altimeters increases from 1 to 4, the spatial correlation to the nature run of the frontogenesis forcing increases linearly from 0.27 to 0.59, the surface divergence correlation increases linearly from 0.27 to 0.57 and mixed layer depth correlation increases linearly from 0.67 to 0.89. The conclusion is that within the simulations the frontogenesis filaments are deterministically predictable conditioned on accurate prediction of the mesoscale. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jacobs, Gregg A.; Richman, James G.; Barron, Charlie N.; Helber, Robert W.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Doyle, James D.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Spence, Peter L.; Bartels, Brent P.] QinetiQ North Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bub, Frank L.] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM gregg.jacobs@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N]; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative FX This research is supported in part by the project "Ageostrophic vorticity dynamics'' sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under program element 601153N and the CARTHE projects sponsored by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320-11-1001 and has been approved for public release. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 78 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.02.004 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AI0DJ UT WOS:000336516100001 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, David R. TI Libertarian Paternalism: Leviathan in Sheep's Clothing? SO SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE libertarian; paternalism; Sunstein; Thaler; Hayek; Social Security AB Contrary to the views of some libertarians, "libertarian paternalism" is not an oxymoron. But are its two most prominent advocates, Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, really libertarian paternalists or are they paternalists in sheep's clothing? Thaler seems to be somewhat of a libertarian paternalist whereas Sunstein appears to be more of a straight coercive paternalist. But even Thaler passes up major chances to advocate reducing straight paternalism by making it more libertarian. Those who favor freedom should not reject the concept of libertarian paternalism altogether. Instead they should apply the concept more consistently than Thaler and Sunstein have doneand use it to push for a less coercive government. Indeed, the fact that government officials who plan our lives also have human foibles argues for less government, not true. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM davidrhenderson1950@gmail.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-2011 EI 1936-4725 J9 SOCIETY JI Society PD JUN PY 2014 VL 51 IS 3 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s12115-014-9775-0 PG 6 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA AH8NM UT WOS:000336394700010 ER PT J AU Ko, YK Muglach, K Wang, YM Young, PR Lepri, ST AF Ko, Yuan-Kuen Muglach, Karin Wang, Yi-Ming Young, Peter R. Lepri, Susan T. TI TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF SOLAR WIND ION COMPOSITION AND THEIR SOURCE CORONAL HOLES DURING THE DECLINING PHASE OF CYCLE 23. I. LOW- LATITUDE EXTENSION OF POLAR CORONAL HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic fields ID HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ACTIVE-REGION OUTFLOWS; MASS EJECTIONS; CHARGE STATES; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; PARTICLE EVENTS; ATOMIC DATABASE; IN-SITU; 1 AU; INTERPLANETARY AB We analyzed 27 solar wind (SW) intervals during the declining phase of cycle 23, whose source coronal holes (CHs) can be unambiguously identified and are associated with one of the polar CHs. We found that the SW ions have a temporal trend of decreasing ionization state, and such a trend is different between the slow and fast SW. The photospheric magnetic field, both inside and at the outside boundary of the CH, also exhibits a trend of decrease with time. However, EUV line emissions from different layers of the atmosphere exhibit different temporal trends. The coronal emission inside the CH generally increases toward the CH boundary as the underlying field increases in strength and becomes less unipolar. In contrast, this relationship is not seen in the coronal emission averaged over the entire CH. For C and O SW ions that freeze-in at lower altitude, stronger correlation between their ionization states and field strength (both signed and unsigned) appears in the slow SW, while for Fe ions that freeze-in at higher altitude, stronger correlation appears in the fast SW. Such correlations are seen both inside the CH and at its boundary region. On the other hand, the coronal electron temperature correlates well with the SW ion composition only in the boundary region. Our analyses, although not able to determine the likely footpoint locations of the SW of different speeds, raise many outstanding questions for how the SW is heated and accelerated in response to the long-term evolution of the solar magnetic field. C1 [Ko, Yuan-Kuen; Wang, Yi-Ming] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muglach, Karin] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Muglach, Karin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Young, Peter R.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lepri, Susan T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yuan-kuen.ko@nrl.navy.mil RI Lepri, Susan/I-8611-2012; OI Young, Peter/0000-0001-9034-2925 FU National Science Foundation; NASA [HGI NNH10AN82I] FX We thank the ACE SWICS, SWEPAM, and MAG instrument teams and the ACE Science Center for providing the ACE data. We would like to thank J. Laming and M. Popecki for helpful discussions and the anonymous referee for helpful comments. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. The He I image is courtesy of the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, operated by the High Altitude Observatory, as part of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving researchers at NRL (USA), RAL (UK), and the Universities of Cambridge (UK), George Mason (USA), and Florence (Italy). The CDS synoptic maps were initially processed by Steven Chapman of University of Central Lancashire, UK. This work was supported by NASA grant HGI NNH10AN82I. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 2 AR 121 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/121 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH6ND UT WOS:000336246700026 ER PT J AU Mostl, C Amla, K Hall, JR Liewer, PC De Jong, EM Colaninno, RC Veronig, AM Rollett, T Temmer, M Peinhart, V Davies, JA Lugaz, N Liu, YD Farrugia, CJ Luhmann, JG Vrsnak, B Harrison, RA Galvin, AB AF Moestl, C. Amla, K. Hall, J. R. Liewer, P. C. De Jong, E. M. Colaninno, R. C. Veronig, A. M. Rollett, T. Temmer, M. Peinhart, V. Davies, J. A. Lugaz, N. Liu, Y. D. Farrugia, C. J. Luhmann, J. G. Vrsnak, B. Harrison, R. A. Galvin, A. B. TI CONNECTING SPEEDS, DIRECTIONS AND ARRIVAL TIMES OF 22 CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS FROM THE SUN TO 1 AU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar; terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; CME-CME INTERACTION; SOLAR-WIND; INNER HELIOSPHERE; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; WHITE-LIGHT; STEREO OBSERVATIONS; KINEMATICS; SPACECRAFT; EARTH AB Forecasting the in situ properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from remote images is expected to strongly enhance predictions of space weather and is of general interest for studying the interaction of CMEs with planetary environments. We study the feasibility of using a single heliospheric imager (HI) instrument, imaging the solar wind density from the Sun to 1 AU, for connecting remote images to in situ observations of CMEs. We compare the predictions of speed and arrival time for 22 CMEs (in 2008-2012) to the corresponding interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) parameters at in situ observatories (STEREO PLASTIC/IMPACT, Wind SWE/MFI). The list consists of front-and backsided, slow and fast CMEs (up to 2700 km s(-1)). We track the CMEs to 34.9 +/- 7.1 deg elongation from the Sun with J maps constructed using the SATPLOT tool, resulting in prediction lead times of - 26.4 +/- 15.3 hr. The geometrical models we use assume different CME front shapes (fixed-Phi, harmonic mean, self-similar expansion) and constant CME speed and direction. We find no significant superiority in the predictive capability of any of the three methods. The absolute difference between predicted and observed ICME arrival times is 8.1 +/- 6.3 hr (rms value of 10.9 hr). Speeds are consistent to within 284 +/- 288 km s(-1) . Empirical corrections to the predictions enhance their performance for the arrival times to 6.1 +/- 5.0 hr (rms value of 7.9 hr), and for the speeds to 53 +/- 50 km s(-1). These results are important for Solar Orbiter and a space weather mission positioned away from the Sun-Earth line. C1 [Moestl, C.; Veronig, A. M.; Rollett, T.; Temmer, M.; Peinhart, V.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Moestl, C.; Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moestl, C.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Amla, K.; Hall, J. R.; Liewer, P. C.; De Jong, E. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Colaninno, R. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Davies, J. A.; Harrison, R. A.] RAL Space, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Lugaz, N.; Farrugia, C. J.; Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lugaz, N.; Farrugia, C. J.; Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Liu, Y. D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Vrsnak, B.] Univ Zagreb, Fac Geodesy, Hvar Observ, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Mostl, C (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM christian.moestl@uni-graz.at RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Veronig, Astrid/B-8422-2009; OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558; Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909; Moestl, Christian/0000-0001-6868-4152; Amerstorfer, Tanja/0000-0001-9024-6706; Colaninno, Robin/0000-0002-3253-4205 FU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P26174-N27, V195-N16]; European Union [263252 [COMESEP], 284461 [eHEROES], 606692 [HELCATS]]; STEREO grant [NAS5-03131]; NASA [NNX13AP39G]; NASA STEREO grant; [AGS-1239704] FX This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. C. M. and T. R. thank the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [P26174-N27]. M. T. was also supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): V195-N16. The presented work has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No. 263252 [COMESEP], No. 284461 [eHEROES] and No. 606692 [HELCATS]. T. R. gratefully acknowledges the JungforscherInnenfonds of the Council of the University Graz. Work at the University of California, Berkeley, was supported from STEREO grant NAS5-03131. The work of K. A., J. R. H., P. C. L., and E. M. D. was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract from NASA. N. L. was supported by AGS-1239704. It is also supported by NASA grant NNX13AP39G and NASA STEREO grant to U. N. H. We acknowledge the use of Wind data provided by the magnetometer and the solar wind experiment teams at NASA/GSFC, and we thank the center for geomagnetism in Kyoto for providing the Dst indices. We also thank the "International study of earth affecting transients" (ISEST) team lead by Jie Zhang. NR 85 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 2 AR 119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/119 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH6ND UT WOS:000336246700024 ER PT J AU Tanaka, YT Stawarz, L Finke, J Cheung, CC Dermer, CD Kataoka, J Bamba, A Dubus, G De Naurois, M Wagner, SJ Fukazawa, Y Thompson, DJ AF Tanaka, Y. T. Stawarz, L. Finke, J. Cheung, C. C. Dermer, C. D. Kataoka, J. Bamba, A. Dubus, G. De Naurois, M. Wagner, S. J. Fukazawa, Y. Thompson, D. J. TI EXTREME BLAZARS STUDIED WITH FERMI-LAT AND SUZAKU: 1ES 0347-121 AND BLAZAR CANDIDATE HESS J1943+213 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (HESS J1943+213, 1ES 0347-121); galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: galaxies ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; BL LACERTAE OBJECT; INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; TEV BLAZARS; INTEGRAL SOURCES AB We report on our study of high-energy properties of two peculiar TeV emitters: the "extreme blazar" 1ES 0347-121 and the "extreme blazar candidate" HESS J1943+213 located near the Galactic plane. Both objects are characterized by quiescent synchrotron emission with flat spectra extending up to the hard X-ray range, and both were reported to be missing GeV counterparts in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) two-year Source Catalog. We analyze a 4.5 yr accumulation of the Fermi-LAT data, resulting in the detection of 1ES 0347-121 in the GeV band, as well as in improved upper limits for HESS J1943+213. We also present the analysis results of newly acquired Suzaku data for HESS J1943+213. The X-ray spectrum is well represented by a single power law extending up to 25 keV with photon index 2.00 +/- 0.02 and a moderate absorption in excess of the Galactic value, which is in agreement with previous X-ray observations. No short-term X-ray variability was found over the 80 ks duration of the Suzaku exposure. Under the blazar hypothesis, we modeled the spectral energy distributions of 1ES 0347-121 and HESS J1943+213, and we derived constraints on the intergalactic magnetic field strength and source energetics. We conclude that although the classification of HESS J1943+213 has not yet been determined, the blazar hypothesis remains the most plausible option since, in particular, the broadband spectra of the two analyzed sources along with the source model parameters closely resemble each other, and the newly available Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey data for HESS J1943+213 are consistent with the presence of an elliptical host at the distance of approximately similar to 600 Mpc. C1 [Tanaka, Y. T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, JAXA, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Finke, J.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Bamba, A.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Dubus, G.] UJF Grenoble 1 CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble IPAG UMR 527, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [De Naurois, M.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Wagner, S. J.] Heidelberg Univ, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tanaka, YT (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. EM ytanaka@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; OI Dubus, Guillaume/0000-0002-5130-2514 FU Kakenhi [24840031]; Polish NSC grant [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083]; NASA DPR [S-15633-Y] FX Y.T.T is supported by Kakenhi 24840031. L.S. was supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. Work by C.C.C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 2 AR 155 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/155 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH6ND UT WOS:000336246700060 ER PT J AU Matsangas, P McCauley, ME AF Matsangas, Panagiotis McCauley, Michael E. TI Yawning as a Behavioral Marker of Mild Motion Sickness and Sopite Syndrome SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE yawning; mild motion sickness; sopite syndrome ID QUESTIONNAIRE AB Introduction: Severe motion sickness is easily identifiable with sufferers showing obvious behavioral signs, including emesis (vomiting). Mild motion sickness and sopite syndrome lack such clear and objective behavioral markers. We postulate that yawning may have the potential to be used in operational settings as such a marker. This study assesses the utility of yawning as a behavioral marker for the identification of soporific effects by investigating the association between yawning and mild motion sickness/sopite syndrome in a controlled environment. Methods: Using a randomized motion-counterbalanced design, we collected yawning and motion sickness data from 39 healthy individuals (34 men and 5 women, ages 27-59 yr) in static and motion conditions. Each individual participated in two 1-h sessions. Each session consisted of six 10-min blocks. Subjects performed a multitasking battery on a head mounted display while seated on the moving platform. The occurrence and severity of symptoms were assessed with the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ). Results: Yawning occurred predominantly in the motion condition. All yawners in motion (N = 5) were symptomatic. Compared to nonyawners (MSAQ indices: Total = 14.0, Sopite = 15.0), subjects who yawned in motion demonstrated increased severity of motion sickness and soporific symptoms (MSAQ indices: Total = 17.2, Sopite = 22.4), and reduced multitasking cognitive performance (Composite score: nonyawners = 1348; yawners = 1145). Discussion: These results provide evidence that yawning may be a viable behavioral marker to recognize the onset of soporific effects and their concomitant reduction in cognitive performance. C1 [Matsangas, Panagiotis; McCauley, Michael E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Matsangas, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pmatsang@nps.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 85 IS 6 BP 658 EP 661 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3897.2014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AH9QZ UT WOS:000336478200010 PM 24919388 ER PT J AU Matsangas, P McCauley, ME AF Matsangas, Panagiotis McCauley, Michael E. TI Sopite Syndrome: A Revised Definition SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE motion effects; motion sickness; drowsiness ID MOTION SICKNESS AB In 1976, Graybiel and Knepton proposed the term "sopite syndrome" to describe a symptom complex centering on drowsiness and lethargy related to motion sickness. However, existing descriptions and definitions of sopite syndrome have limitations in fully conveying the appropriate information to the reader. Our objective is to propose a revised definition providing a more adequate conceptual framework for research. The proposed definition of sopite syndrome addresses the nonspecificity of soporific symptoms, the health state of the individuals, and the existence of a motion stimulus. C1 [Matsangas, Panagiotis; McCauley, Michael E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Matsangas, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pmatsang@nps.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 85 IS 6 BP 672 EP 673 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3891.2014 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AH9QZ UT WOS:000336478200013 PM 24919391 ER PT J AU Gartenberg, D Breslow, L McCurry, JM Trafton, JG AF Gartenberg, Daniel Breslow, Leonard McCurry, J. Malcolm Trafton, J. Greg TI Situation Awareness Recovery SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE attention; supervisory control; eye movements; memory for goals; situation awareness ID DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; INTERRUPTION; MODEL; TASK; ENVIRONMENTS; ACTIVATION; MEMORY; ERRORS AB Objective: We describe a novel concept, situation awareness recovery (SAR), and we identify perceptual and cognitive processes that characterize SAR. Background: Situation awareness (SA) is typically described in terms of perceiving relevant elements of the environment, comprehending how those elements are integrated into a meaningful whole, and projecting that meaning into the future. Yet SA fluctuates during the time course of a task, making it important to understand the process by which SA is recovered after it is degraded. Method: We investigated SAR using different types of interruptions to degrade SA. In Experiment 1, participants watched short videos of an operator performing a supervisory control task, and then the participants were either interrupted or not interrupted, after which SA was assessed using a questionnaire. In Experiment 2, participants performed a supervisory control task in which they guided vehicles to their respective targets and either experienced an interruption, during which they performed a visual search task in a different panel, or were not interrupted. Results: The SAR processes we identified included shorter fixation durations, increased number of objects scanned, longer resumption lags, and a greater likelihood of refixating on objects that were previously looked at. Conclusions: We interpret these findings in terms of the memory-for-goals model, which suggests that SAR consists of increased scanning in order to compensate for decay, and previously viewed cues act as associative primes that reactivate memory traces of goals and plans. C1 [Gartenberg, Daniel] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Breslow, Leonard] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [McCurry, J. Malcolm] ITT Exelis, Mclean, VA USA. [Trafton, J. Greg] Naval Res Lab, Intelligent Syst Sect, Washington, DC USA. RP Gartenberg, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr,MS3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gartenbergdaniel@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WX20173, N0001410WX30037] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under funding documents N0001409WX20173 and N0001410WX30037 to JGT. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Navy. The authors thank the HAL Lab and Missy Cummings for the use of the RESCHU simulation. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 4 BP 710 EP 727 DI 10.1177/0018720813506223 PG 18 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA AH6EM UT WOS:000336223500008 PM 25029896 ER PT J AU Fredriksson, DW Decew, J Lader, P Volent, Z Jensen, O Willumsen, FV AF Fredriksson, D. W. DeCew, J. Lader, P. Volent, Z. Jensen, O. Willumsen, F. V. TI A finite element modeling technique for an aquaculture net with laboratory measurement comparisons SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Numerical modeling; Net mesh strength; Fish escapes; Knotless Raschel netting ID MARINE AQUACULTURE; NETTING MATERIALS; CAGE; DYNAMICS; DRAG AB The escape of fish from an aquaculture facility can be considered a threat to wild populations. Openings in the containment net can occur from stresses induced by inadequate attachments, abrasion or fish bite. The objective of this work involves the development of a net finite element model (FEM) with focus on a representation of the Raschel net structure. An approach is taken with a combination of FEM simulations and laboratory tests. Material and geometric properties of a net were obtained from peer-reviewed literature, standards and complemented with tensile testing. FEM simulations of a net pen system were performed under operational conditions to approximate tensions within the net. The distribution of tension in the net panel was considered a two-dimensional problem dependent on mesh construction. Elongation experiments were conducted with orthogonal loading to measure planar deflections. A FEM of the net panel was then built with a focus on the net structure, loaded and results compared with laboratory data. The results showed that the construction details influence loaded deflections. Next, holes were made in the model by removing trusses representing twine sections, loaded and strain values compared with measurements obtained from laboratory tests with the same holes in the net panel. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fredriksson, D. W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [DeCew, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lader, P.; Volent, Z.; Jensen, O.] SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, N-7010 Trondheim, Norway. [Willumsen, F. V.] ACE AquaCulture Engn, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. RP Fredriksson, DW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fredriks@usna.edu; jud.decew@unh.edu; pal.lader@sintef.no; zsolt.volent@sintef.no; osten.jensen@gmail.com; fvw@aceaquaculture.com FU Research Council of Norway [193635/110]; ACE AquaCulture Engineering; SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture FX This work was done through a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) with the University of New Hampshire. The University of New Hampshire was funded by the Research Council of Norway Project 193635/110 titled "Research tools for net deformation and distribution of fish in commercial scale aquaculture research facilities (BILATE/Escape) with ACE AquaCulture Engineering and SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture. The authors would like to extend sincere thanks to the technical and engineering staff at the Hydromechanics Laboratory at the U.S. Naval Academy for their support on this project. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 83 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.03.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AH7WE UT WOS:000336345300009 ER PT J AU Browning, PK Stanier, A Ashworth, G McClements, KG Lukin, VS AF Browning, P. K. Stanier, A. Ashworth, G. McClements, K. G. Lukin, V. S. TI Self-organization during spherical torus formation by flux rope merging in the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article DE spherical tokamak; magnetic reconnection; flux ropes; Hall MHD; relaxation ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; RELAXATION; PLASMAS; FIELDS AB Merging-compression start-up in the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak provides an opportunity to investigate the merging of flux ropes through magnetic reconnection, and the self-organization into a single flux rope, in a low-plasma-beta, high-Lundquist-number plasma. We present an overview of simulations of this process using the compressible Hall-MHD equations in two dimensions. Preliminary results of an analytical model of the self-organization, assuming a helicity-conserving relaxation to a minimum energy state, are also presented. The relevance of these models to solar plasmas is discussed. C1 [Browning, P. K.; Stanier, A.; Ashworth, G.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [McClements, K. G.] EURATOM CCFE Fusion Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. [Lukin, V. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Browning, PK (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM p.browning@manchester.ac.uk FU STFC; US DoE Experimental Plasma Research program; RCUK Energy Programme [EP/I501045]; European Communities FX This work was funded by STFC, the US DoE Experimental Plasma Research program, the RCUK Energy Programme under grant EP/I501045, and by the European Communities under the Contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Simulations were run at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory (STEL) cluster at Nagoya University, the US National Energy Research Scientific Computing Centre and the St-Andrews MHD cluster funded by STFC. A S would like to thank Kanya Kusano for access to the STEL computer. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 6 SI SI AR 064009 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/56/6/064009 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AH2RD UT WOS:000335967800010 ER PT J AU Lukin, VS AF Lukin, Vyacheslav S. TI Self-organization in magnetic flux ropes Preface SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lukin, VS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 6 SI SI AR 060301 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/56/6/060301 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AH2RD UT WOS:000335967800001 ER PT J AU Schaffner, DA Lukin, VS Wan, A Brown, MR AF Schaffner, D. A. Lukin, V. S. Wan, A. Brown, M. R. TI Turbulence analysis of an experimental flux-rope plasma SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article DE turbulence; flux-rope; solar wind; simulation; MHD ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MODEL AB We have previously generated elongated Taylor double-helix flux-rope plasmas in the SSX MHD wind tunnel. These plasmas are remarkable in their rapid relaxation (about one Alfven time) and their description by simple analytical Taylor force-free theory despite their high plasma beta and high internal flow speeds. We report on the turbulent features observed in these plasmas including frequency spectra, autocorrelation function, and probability distribution functions of increments. We discuss here the possibility that the turbulence facilitating access to the final state supports coherent structures and intermittency revealed by non-Gaussian signatures in the statistics. Comparisons to a Hall-MHD simulation of the SSX MHD wind tunnel show similarity in several statistical measures. C1 [Schaffner, D. A.; Wan, A.; Brown, M. R.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Lukin, V. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Schaffner, DA (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. FU US DoE Experimental Plasma Research program; National Science Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge many useful discussions with William Matthaeus. This work has been funded by the US DoE Experimental Plasma Research program and the National Science Foundation. The simulations were performed using the advanced computing resources (Cray XC30 Edison system) at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 6 SI SI AR 064003 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/56/6/064003 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AH2RD UT WOS:000335967800004 ER PT J AU Torok, T Kliem, B Berger, MA Linton, MG Demoulin, P van Driel-Gesztelyi, L AF Toeroek, T. Kliem, B. Berger, M. A. Linton, M. G. Demoulin, P. van Driel-Gesztelyi, L. TI The evolution of writhe in kink-unstable flux ropes and erupting filaments SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: filaments ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC CONFIGURATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ACTIVE REGIONS; INSTABILITY; LOOPS; RECONNECTION; HELICITY; STABILITY AB The helical kink instability of a twisted magnetic flux tube has been suggested as a trigger mechanism for solar filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In order to investigate if estimations of the pre-emptive twist can be obtained from observations of writhe in such events, we quantitatively analyze the conversion of twist into writhe in the course of the instability, using numerical simulations. We consider the line tied, cylindrically symmetric Gold-Hoyle flux rope model and measure the writhe using the formulae by Berger and Prior which express the quantity as a single integral in space. We find that the amount of twist converted into writhe does not simply scale with the initial flux rope twist, but depends mainly on the growth rates of the instability eigenmodes of higher longitudinal order than the basic mode. The saturation levels of the writhe, as well as the shapes of the kinked flux ropes, are very similar for considerable ranges of initial flux rope twists, which essentially precludes estimations of pre-eruptive twist from measurements of writhe. However, our simulations suggest an upper twist limit of similar to 6 pi for the majority of filaments prior to their eruption. C1 [Toeroek, T.] Predictive Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Kliem, B.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Berger, M. A.] Univ Exeter, SECAM, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Linton, M. G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Demoulin, P.; van Driel-Gesztelyi, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [van Driel-Gesztelyi, L.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [van Driel-Gesztelyi, L.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. RP Torok, T (reprint author), Predictive Sci Inc, 9990 Mesa Rim Rd,Ste 170, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. OI Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 FU NASA's HTP program; NASA's LWS program; NASA's SRT program; NSF; NASA/LWS; ONR; DFG; European Commission [284461]; STFC Consolidated Grant [ST/H00260X/1]; Hungarian Research grant [OTKA K-081421] FX We thank the anonymous referees for very helpful suggestions and Z Mikic for providing a routine that was helpful for the writhe calculations. The contribution of T T was supported by NASA's HTP, LWS, and SR&T programs and by the NSF. M G L received support from NASA/LWS and the ONR 6.1 programs. BK was supported by the DFG. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme under the grant agreement No 284461 (eHEROES project). L vDG.'s work work was supported by the STFC Consolidated Grant ST/H00260X/1 and the Hungarian Research grant OTKA K-081421. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 6 SI SI AR 064012 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/56/6/064012 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AH2RD UT WOS:000335967800013 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A AF Vourlidas, Angelos TI The flux rope nature of coronal mass ejections SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejections; solar activity; magnetic field; space weather ID MAGNETIC CLOUDS; ERUPTION; GENESIS; MISSION; SECCHI; SDO AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are ejections of magnetized plasma from the solar corona. They are the most spectacular examples of explosive energy release on the Sun. Their magnetic structure is of particular importance because it determines their effects on the terrestrial magnetosphere. Here, I present recent observational evidence for the existence of magnetic flux ropes within CMEs. The observations detect the formation of the flux rope in the low corona, reveal its sometimes extremely fast evolution and follow it into interplanetary space. The results validate many of the expectations of the CME initiation theories. We can now construct a coherent picture of the eruption of helical fields from the solar corona but some of the details remain obscure. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU NASA [S-136361-Y] FX The author's work on this subject is supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to NRL and various NASA Living-With-a-Star grants. The author thanks the editors for the invitation to present this review and Dr Nievels-Chinchilla for providing figure 1. SOHO is an international collaboration between NASA and ESA. LASCO was constructed by a consortium of institutions: NRL (USA), MPIA (Germany), LAS (France), and the University of Birmingham (UK). The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and the University of Birmingham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA and IAS (France). The AIA data used here are courtesy of SDO (NASA) and the AIA consortium. We thank the AIA team for easy access to calibrated data. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 6 SI SI AR 064001 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/56/6/064001 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AH2RD UT WOS:000335967800002 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Sorooshian, A Prabhakar, G Coggon, MM Jonsson, HH AF Wang, Z. Sorooshian, A. Prabhakar, G. Coggon, M. M. Jonsson, H. H. TI Impact of emissions from shipping, land, and the ocean on stratocumulus cloud water elemental composition during the 2011 E-PEACE field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cloud water; Shipping; Marine; Metals; Iron; Ocean; Cloud processing; Nutrients; Coastal region ID MARINE ATMOSPHERE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; OXALIC-ACID; AEROSOL; IRON; DUST; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; PARTICLES; INLET AB This study reports on cloud water chemical and pH measurements off the California coast during the July August 2011 Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE). Eighty two cloud water samples were collected by a slotted-rod cloud water collector protruding above the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter in boundary layer stratocumulus clouds impacted to varying degrees by ocean-derived emissions, ship exhaust, and land emissions. Cloud water pH ranged between 2.92 and 7.58, with an average of 4.46. Peak pH values were observed north of San Francisco, simultaneous with the highest concentrations of Si, B, and Cs, and air masses originating over land. The lowest pH values were observed south of San Francisco due to ship emissions resulting in the highest concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, V, Fe, Al, P, Cd, Ti, Sb, P, and Mn. Many of these species act as important agents in aqueous-phase reactions in cloud drops and are critical ocean micronutrients after subsequent wet deposition in an ocean system that can be nutrient-limited. E-PEACE measurements suggest that conditions in the California coastal zone region can promote the conversion of micronutrients to more soluble forms, if they are not already, due to acidic cloud water conditions, the ubiquity of important organic agents such as oxalic acid, and the persistence of stratocumulus clouds to allow for continuous cloud processing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Z.; Sorooshian, A.; Prabhakar, G.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Coggon, M. M.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; OI Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU ONR [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-10-1-0811]; NSF [AGS-1008848] FX This work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-10-1-0811, and NSF grant AGS-1008848. We acknowledge Dean Hegg for providing the cloud water collector and Lindsay C. Maudlin for comments on the draft. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 89 BP 570 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.020 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH1IT UT WOS:000335874500059 ER PT J AU Lee, K Li, L Loehr, NA AF Lee, Kyungyong Li, Li Loehr, Nicholas A. TI Combinatorics of certain higher q,t-Catalan polynomials: chains, joint symmetry, and the Garsia-Haiman formula SO JOURNAL OF ALGEBRAIC COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article DE q, t-Catalan polynomials; Joint symmetry; Lattice paths ID HILBERT SCHEME; NUMBERS; STATISTICS; CHARACTER AB The higher q,t-Catalan polynomial can be defined combinatorially as a weighted sum of lattice paths contained in certain triangles, or algebraically as a complicated sum of rational functions indexed by partitions of n. This paper proves the equivalence of the two definitions for all ma parts per thousand yen1 and all na parts per thousand currency sign4. We also give a bijective proof of the joint symmetry property for all ma parts per thousand yen1 and all na parts per thousand currency sign4. The proof is based on a general approach for proving joint symmetry that dissects a collection of objects into chains, and then passes from a joint symmetry property of initial points and terminal points to joint symmetry of the full set of objects. Further consequences include unimodality results and specific formulas for the coefficients in for all ma parts per thousand yen1 and all na parts per thousand currency sign4. We give analogous results for certain rational-slope q,t-Catalan polynomials. C1 [Lee, Kyungyong] Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Li, Li] Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Loehr, Nicholas A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Loehr, Nicholas A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM klee@math.wayne.edu; li2345@oakland.edu; nloehr@math.vt.edu OI Li, Li/0000-0001-9102-4232 FU NSF grant [DMS 0901367]; Simons Foundation [244398] FX Research of K.L. is partially supported by NSF grant DMS 0901367.; This work was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#244398 to Nicholas Loehr). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0925-9899 EI 1572-9192 J9 J ALGEBR COMB JI J. Algebr. Comb. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 749 EP 781 DI 10.1007/s10801-013-0466-5 PG 33 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AG5HW UT WOS:000335451100001 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Schmied, EA Highfill-McRoy, RM Sander, TC Blivin, SJ Garland, CF AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Schmied, Emily A. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Sander, Todd C. Blivin, Steve J. Garland, Cedric F. TI A Prospective Study of Factors Affecting Recovery from Musculoskeletal Injuries SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Injury; Musculoskeletal injury; Psychosocial factors; Recovery; Recovery expectations; Military ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; RETURN-TO-WORK; FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; PRIMARY-CARE; DISPOSITIONAL OPTIMISM; CATASTROPHIZING SCALE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; JOB-SATISFACTION; RISK-FACTORS; DISABILITY AB Purpose Research suggests the importance of psychosocial factors in recovery from musculoskeletal injuries. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of recovery among U.S. Marines who had musculoskeletal injuries of the back, knee, or shoulder. Methods A sample of 134 participants was assessed at baseline and followed for 1 year to determine outcome information. Results The strongest predictor of injury recovery at the 1-year follow-up was recovery expectations. In a multivariate logistic model with key demographic and psychosocial factors controlled, individuals who had high recovery expectations at baseline were over five times as likely to be recovered at follow-up as individuals who had low expectations (OR = 5.18, p < .01). Conclusions This finding is consistent with a large body of research that has linked recovery expectations with better recovery outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal injuries as well as with research linking recovery expectations with better outcomes across a wide range of medical conditions. Applied to military populations, interventions designed to modify recovery expectations may have the potential to improve rates of return to duty and to reduce rates of disability discharge. C1 [Booth-Kewley, Stephanie; Schmied, Emily A.; Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.; Garland, Cedric F.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Sander, Todd C.] US Army Baylor Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Navy Med Training Support Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Blivin, Steve J.] II Marine Expeditionary Force, Hlth Serv Support, Camp Lejeune, NC 28542 USA. [Garland, Cedric F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Garland, Cedric F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Moores UCSD Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie.kewley@med.navy.mil NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0487 EI 1573-3688 J9 J OCCUP REHABIL JI J. Occup. Rehabil. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s10926-013-9456-7 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation; Social Issues SC Rehabilitation; Social Issues GA AG1FZ UT WOS:000335161900009 PM 23797182 ER PT J AU Wolz, M Huang, YL Seibt, M Erwin, SC AF Woelz, Martin Huang, Yue-Lin Seibt, Michael Erwin, Steven C. TI Epitaxial growth of gold on Si(001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gold; Silicon; Epitaxy; DFT ID BINARY DIFFUSION COUPLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THIN-FILM; AU; SI; INTERFACE; NANOPARTICLES; SILICON AB We study the formation of nanoscale epitaxial Au islands on Si(001) below the eutectic point. Growth experiments were performed in molecular beam epitaxy, and plausible interface models were derived from electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. For these models, formation energies were obtained in density functional theory (DFT). In-situ electron diffraction indicates that during the deposition of the first two monolayers, the Si(001) surface mesh is preserved. Au(110) islands form at a coverage above three monolayers. DFT shows that the formation energy for an atomically flat interface is higher for this (110) orientation than for (001) growth. We propose an interface configuration that promotes Au(110) growth and is kinetically stabilized even though this is not the epitaxial orientation with the lowest mismatch strain. The proposed configuration implies a mixed interface layer containing both Au and Si atoms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woelz, Martin] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Huang, Yue-Lin] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Phys, Hualien 97401, Taiwan. [Seibt, Michael] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 4, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, YL (reprint author), Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Phys, Hualien 97401, Taiwan. EM huang_yuelin@mail.ndhu.edu.tw; steve.erwin@nrl.navy.mil RI Wolz, Martin/A-4643-2012; OI Seibt, Michael/0000-0002-9908-400X FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program (SCE); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within SFB 345; National Science Council of Taiwan R.O.C. [NSC99-2112-M-259007-MY3] FX We thank Frank Grosse for a critical reading of the manuscript, and Manfred Schrader for the technical assistance. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program (SCE). Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Centers at AFRL and ERDC. The experimental work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within SFB 345. Yue-Lin Huang acknowledges the support from the National Science Council of Taiwan R.O.C., under grant no. NSC99-2112-M-259007-MY3. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 624 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2014.01.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA AG0HZ UT WOS:000335097900003 ER PT J AU Laracuente, AR Baker, LA Whitman, LJ AF Laracuente, A. R. Baker, L. A. Whitman, L. J. TI Copper silicide nanocrystals on hydrogen-terminated Si(001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Scanning tunneling microscopy; Copper; Silicon; Hydrogen; Silicides; Surface defects ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACES; GROWTH; CU; METALLIZATION; NUCLEATION; NANOWIRES; MECHANISM; KINETICS AB In this paper we describe the surface characterization of Cu deposited onto nominally-flat and roughened hydrogen-terminated Si(001) surfaces in ultra-high vacuum using scanning tunneling microscopy. Cu forms Cu3Si 3D-islands with markedly different geometries depending on the surface roughness of the underlying H-terminated silicon surface. Anisotropic islands oriented perpendicular to the dimer-rows are observed on the nominally-flat H-terminated surface, while mostly isotropic islands are observed on the rough-engineered H-terminated surface. These results could have implications with respect to both surface-templated growth of nanostructures and Cu-based microelectronics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laracuente, A. R.; Baker, L. A.; Whitman, L. J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laracuente, AR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laracuente@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Lane/B-6452-2008 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL/NRC Research Associateship FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. L.A.B.. is grateful for the support of an NRL/NRC Research Associateship. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 624 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2013.12.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA AG0HZ UT WOS:000335097900009 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Pao, PS Qadri, SB Holtz, RL AF Goswami, Ramasis Pao, Peter S. Qadri, Syed B. Holtz, Ronald L. TI Severe Plastic Deformation Induced Sensitization of Cryo-milled Nanocrystalline Al-7.5 Mg SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; AL-MG; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALLOYS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BEHAVIOR AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to investigate the sensitization behavior in nanocrystalline Al-7.5 pct Mg synthesized by cryomilling and hot isostatic pressing. High-resolution TEM reveals the formation of beta phase in as-extruded condition as well as in aged condition. Grain boundaries are enriched with Mg during milling as a result of flux of defects, such as vacancy and dislocations that are strongly coupled to Mg atoms, to grain boundaries. It is suggested that sensitization is enhanced due to severe plastic deformation during high energy ball milling. C1 [Goswami, Ramasis; Pao, Peter S.; Qadri, Syed B.; Holtz, Ronald L.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. The as-extruded sample materials were obtained from Dr. Dan Matejczyk of Boeing and Professor Enrique Lavernia of UC-Davis. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 45A IS 6 BP 2894 EP 2898 DI 10.1007/s11661-014-2227-z PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AF4LO UT WOS:000334684200023 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Zabetakis, D Brown, JC Anderson, GP Goldman, ER AF Liu, Jinny L. Zabetakis, Dan Brown, Jazmine C. Anderson, George P. Goldman, Ellen R. TI Thermal stability and refolding capability of shark derived single domain antibodies SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spiny dogfish shark; Smooth dogfish shark; Stability; Melting temperature; Antibody ID HEAVY-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; PHAGE DISPLAY LIBRARY; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; FRAGMENTS; SELECTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PROTEIN; VNAR AB Single-domain antibodies (sdAb) from camelids and sharks represent the smallest immunoglobulinbased functional binding domains, and are known for their thermal stability and ability to refold after denaturation. Whereas target-binding sdAb have been derived from both immunized and naive sharks and camelids, the stability of camelid-derived sdAb have been evaluated much more extensively. To address this disparity we characterized 20 sdAb derived from spiny dogfish shark and smooth dogfish shark in terms of their protein production, melting temperature and ability to refold after heat denaturation. Using the same expression system and protocol as we follow to produce camelid sdAb, production of the shark sdAb was quite poor, often resulting in less than a tenth of the typical yield for camelid sdAb. We measured the melting temperature of each of the sdAb. Similar to camelid sdAb, the shark-derived sdAb, showed a range of melting temperature values from 42 degrees C to 77 degrees C. Also similar to what has been observed in camelids, the sdAb from both shark species showed a range of ability to refold after heat denaturation. This work demonstrated that although shark sdAb can possess high melting temperatures and refolding ability, no clear advantage over sdAb derived from camelids in terms of thermostability and renaturation was obtained. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, Jinny L.; Zabetakis, Dan; Brown, Jazmine C.; Anderson, George P.; Goldman, Ellen R.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU NRL 6.1 base funding; NRL Historically Black College and University/Minority institution summer internship program - Office of Naval Research [N0001412RX20102] FX This work was supported by NRL 6.1 base funding. J. Brown's research was supported under the NRL Historically Black College and University/Minority institution summer internship program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (Document# N0001412RX20102). NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 59 IS 2 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.02.014 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA AF8TP UT WOS:000334988800010 PM 24667069 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ray, RI Little, BJ Duncan, KE Aktas, DF Oldham, AL Davidova, IA Suflita, JM AF Lee, Jason S. Ray, Richard I. Little, Brenda J. Duncan, Kathleen E. Aktas, Deniz F. Oldham, Athenia L. Davidova, Irene A. Suflita, Joseph M. TI Issues for storing plant-based alternative fuels in marine environments SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Altemative fuel; Seawater; Corrosion; Carbon steel ID CONVENTIONAL PETROLEUM FUELS; CORROSION; DIESEL; BIODEGRADABILITY; BIOFUELS; BIOMASS; STEEL AB Two coastal seawaters (Key West, FL USA and the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, representing oligotrophic and eutrophic environments, respectively) were used to evaluate potential biodegradation and corrosion problems during exposure to alternative and conventional fuels. Uncoated carbon steel was exposed at the fuel/seawater interface and polarization resistance was monitored. Under typical marine storage conditions, dioxygen in natural seawater exposed to fuel and carbon steel was reduced to <0.1 parts-per-million within 2 d due to consumption by corrosion reactions and aerobic microbial respiration. Sulfides, produced by anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria, and chlorides were co-located in corrosion products. Transient dioxygen influenced both metabolic degradation pathways and resulting metabolites. Catechols, indicative of aerobic biodegradation, persisted after 90 d exposures. Detection of catechols suggested that initial exposure to dioxygen resulted in the formation of aerobic metabolites that exacerbated subsequent corrosion processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Jason S.; Ray, Richard I.; Little, Brenda J.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Duncan, Kathleen E.; Aktas, Deniz F.; Oldham, Athenia L.; Davidova, Irene A.; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jason.lee@nrissc.navy.mil FU Sharon Beermann-Curtin at the Office of Naval Research (ONR Code 332) [N0001411WX21441]; NRL publication [NRL/JA/7330-12-1550]; Office of Naval Research [N000141010946] FX NRL personnel were funded by Sharon Beermann-Curtin at the Office of Naval Research (ONR Code 332) under award N0001411WX21441. NRL publication NRL/JA/7330-12-1550. The study was also supported by grant N000141010946 from the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1567-5394 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY JI Bioelectrochemistry PD JUN PY 2014 VL 97 SI SI BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2013.12.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Electrochemistry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Electrochemistry GA AE6EL UT WOS:000334083300018 PM 24411308 ER PT J AU Whitener, KE Lee, WK Campbell, PM Robinson, JT Sheehan, PE AF Whitener, Keith E., Jr. Lee, Woo K. Campbell, Paul M. Robinson, Jeremy T. Sheehan, Paul E. TI Chemical hydrogenation of single-layer graphene enables completely reversible removal of electrical conductivity SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; BIRCH REDUCTION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; GRAPHITE; FILMS; OXIDE AB The chemical modification of graphene greatly expands its potential applications in electronics, chemistry, and biology. Here, we report the rapid and extensive hydrogenation of single layer CVD graphene using the Birch reduction method. This method hydrogenates much more extensively than cold plasmas and electrochemical methods. Moreover, use of single layer graphene enables greater control of electronic conductivity than previously achieved with the Birch method using multilayer graphene or graphene oxide. Indeed, this method enables both the elimination of electronic conductivity through hydrogenation and the subsequent recovery of essentially pristine graphene with thermal annealing-a reversible >10(7) fold change in resistance. Raman and photoelectron spectroscopies show that the reaction is complete within 90 s of immersion. Finally, we show that we can use the Birch reduction to functionalize graphene with tributyltin moieties. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitener, Keith E., Jr.; Lee, Woo K.; Sheehan, Paul E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Campbell, Paul M.; Robinson, Jeremy T.] US Navy, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitener, KE (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keith.whitener.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. K.E.W. appreciates the support of the National Research Council. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 107 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUN PY 2014 VL 72 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AE5EM UT WOS:000334010600040 ER PT J AU Walker, JM Flack, KA Lust, EE Schultz, MP Luznik, L AF Walker, Jessica M. Flack, Karen A. Lust, Ethan E. Schultz, Michael P. Luznik, Luksa TI Experimental and numerical studies of blade roughness and fouling on marine current turbine performance SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Blade element momentum; Biofouling; Marine current; Roughness; Turbine; Tidal ID HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE; CHANNEL; ADHESION; POWER; MODEL AB The impact of blade roughness and biofouling on the performance of a two-bladed horizontal axis marine current turbine was investigated experimentally and numerically. A 0.8 m diameter rotor (1/25th scale) with a NACA 63-618 cross section was tested in a towing tank. The torque, thrust and rotational speed were measured in the range 5 < lambda < 11 (lambda = tip speed ratio). Three different cases were tested: clean blades, artificially fouled blades and roughened blades. The performance of the turbine was predicted using blade element momentum theory and validated using the experimental results. The lift and drag curves necessary for the numerical model were obtained by testing a 2D NACA 63-618 aerofoil in a wind tunnel under clean and roughened conditions. The numerical model predicts the trends that were observed in the experimental data for roughened blades. The artificially fouled blades did not adversely affect turbine performance, as the vast majority of the fouling sheared off. The remaining material improved the performance by delaying stall to higher angles of attack and allowing measurements at lower lambda than were attainable using the clean blades. The turbine performance was adversely affected in the case of roughened blades, with the power coefficient (C-P) versus lambda curve significantly offset below that for the clean case. The maximum C-P for this condition was 0.34, compared to 0.42 for the clean condition. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Walker, Jessica M.; Flack, Karen A.; Lust, Ethan E.; Luznik, Luksa] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lust, Ethan E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Walker, JM (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Australian Maritime Coll, Natl Ctr Maritime Engn & Hydrodynam, Launceston, Tas 7248, Australia. EM Jessica.Walker@utas.edu.au RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Walker, Jessica/N-7144-2013 OI Walker, Jessica/0000-0001-5151-1693 FU Australian-American Fulbright Association; University of Tasmania; Tasmanian Government; United States Office of Naval Research FX Dr Jessica Walker acknowledges the Australian-American Fulbright Association, the University of Tasmania and the Tasmanian Government for funding her 12 month Fulbright program at the United States Naval Academy. The work was also financially supported by the United States Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD JUN PY 2014 VL 66 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.012 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA AD2NZ UT WOS:000333073700030 ER PT J AU Proll, J Kim, H Pique, A Seifert, HJ Pfleging, W AF Proell, J. Kim, H. Pique, A. Seifert, H. J. Pfleging, W. TI Laser-printing and femtosecond-laser structuring of LiMn2O4 composite cathodes for Li-ion microbatteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Laser direct-write; Laser-printing; Femtosecond-laser structuring; Lithium-ion battery; Lithium manganese oxide; 3D microbattery ID DIRECT-WRITE; THIN-FILMS; BATTERY; ARCHITECTURES; STATE AB Porous LiMn2O4 thick-film cathodes for Li-ion microbatteries are realized by laser-printing. The porous structure of the printed composite cathode consisting of active powder, binder, carbon black and graphite enables ionic and electronic transport through 50-60 mu m thick electrodes due to its high intrinsic active surface area. In order to further improve the cycle stability and capacity retention of the laser-printed thick-film cathodes for discharging rates up to 1 C, laser-printed thick films are first calendered in a press and then structured using ultrafast femtosecond-laser radiation in order to form three-dimensional (3D) cathode architectures. It is shown that calendered/laser structured cathodes in the form of rectangular 3D grids exhibit discharge capacity retention of 68% at a 1 C rate, while calendered but unstructured cathodes retain only about 45% of their initial capacity at the same discharge rate. Overall, the improved discharge capacity retention and reduced degradation during later cycles can be attributed to the combination of increased electrical contact with shortened Li-ion pathways. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Proell, J.; Seifert, H. J.; Pfleging, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kim, H.; Pique, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pfleging, W.] Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facil, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Proll, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM johannes.proell@kit.edu FU Helmholtz Association; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program FX We are grateful to our colleague H. Besser for his technical assistance during laser material processing. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Helmholtz Association in frame of the programme "Science and Technology of Nanosystems" and "Helmholtz-Portfolio" about reliability and integration of battery systems. Finally, the support for laser processing by the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF, http://www.knmf.kit.edu/) a Helmholtz research infrastructure at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is gratefully acknowledged. H. Kim and A. Pique were supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 166 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2014 VL 255 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.132 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AC3QN UT WOS:000332436400016 ER PT J AU Kouloumvakos, A Patsourakos, S Hillaris, A Vourlidas, A Preka-Papadema, P Moussas, X Caroubalos, C Tsitsipis, P Kontogeorgos, A AF Kouloumvakos, A. Patsourakos, S. Hillaris, A. Vourlidas, A. Preka-Papadema, P. Moussas, X. Caroubalos, C. Tsitsipis, P. Kontogeorgos, A. TI CME Expansion as the Driver of Metric Type II Shock Emission as Revealed by Self-consistent Analysis of High-Cadence EUV Images and Radio Spectrograms SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections: low coronal signatures; Corona: radio emission; Radio bursts: meter-wavelengths and longer (m, dkm, hm, km); Radio bursts: type II ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-TYPE-II; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 20-650 MHZ; BURSTS; DYNAMICS; ARTEMIS; DENSITY; FLARE; WAVES AB On 13 June 2010, an eruptive event occurred near the solar limb. It included a small filament eruption and the onset of a relatively narrow coronal mass ejection (CME) surrounded by an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave front recorded by the Solar Dynamics Observatory's (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) at high cadence. The ejection was accompanied by a GOES M1.0 soft X-ray flare and a Type-II radio burst; high-resolution dynamic spectra of the latter were obtained by the Appareil de Routine pour le Traitement et l'Enregistrement Magnetique de l'Information Spectral (ARTEMIS IV) radio spectrograph. The combined observations enabled a study of the evolution of the ejecta and the EUV wave front and its relationship with the coronal shock manifesting itself as metric Type-II burst. By introducing a novel technique, which deduces a proxy of the EUV compression ratio from AIA imaging data and compares it with the compression ratio deduced from the band-split of the Type-II metric radio burst, we are able to infer the potential source locations of the radio emission of the shock on that AIA images. Our results indicate that the expansion of the CME ejecta is the source for both EUV and radio shock emissions. Early in the CME expansion phase, the Type-II burst seems to originate in the sheath region between the EUV bubble and the EUV shock front in both radial and lateral directions. This suggests that both the nose and the flanks of the expanding bubble could have driven the shock. C1 [Kouloumvakos, A.; Hillaris, A.; Preka-Papadema, P.; Moussas, X.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Sect Astrophys Astron & Mech, Athens 15783, Greece. [Kouloumvakos, A.; Patsourakos, S.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Sect Astrogeophys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Caroubalos, C.] Univ Athens, Dept Informat, Athens 15783, Greece. [Tsitsipis, P.; Kontogeorgos, A.] Technol Educ Inst Lamia, Dept Elect, Lamia 35100, Greece. RP Kouloumvakos, A (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Sect Astrophys Astron & Mech, Athens 15783, Greece. EM athkouloumvakos@gmail.com; spatsour@cc.uoi.gr; ahilaris@phys.uoa.gr RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU European Union (European Social Fund-ESF); Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: Thales; FP7 Marie Curie Re-integration Grant [FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG/268288]; NASA; ONR FX The authors would like to thank Victor Grechnev for useful discussion and the anonymous referee for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: Thales. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. SP acknowledges support from an FP7 Marie Curie Re-integration Grant (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG/268288). AV's work is supported by NASA and ONR funds. SDO is a mission of NASAs Living With a Star Program. The SDO data are provided courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA science teams. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. The LASCO CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 289 IS 6 BP 2123 EP 2139 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0460-z PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AB1FE UT WOS:000331536100011 ER PT J AU Isavnin, A Vourlidas, A Kilpua, EKJ AF Isavnin, A. Vourlidas, A. Kilpua, E. K. J. TI Three-Dimensional Evolution of Flux-Rope CMEs and Its Relation to the Local Orientation of the Heliospheric Current Sheet SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections, interplanetary; Magnetic fields, interplanetary; Magnetic fields, models ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR CORONA; SOHO MISSION; STEREO; LASCO; WIND; SUN; CONNECTION; ROTATION; REGIONS AB Flux ropes ejected from the Sun may change their geometrical orientation during their evolution, which directly affects their geoeffectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how solar flux ropes evolve in the heliosphere to improve our space-weather forecasting tools. We present a follow-up study of the concepts described by Isavnin, Vourlidas, and Kilpua (Solar Phys. 284, 203, 2013). We analyze 14 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), with clear flux-rope signatures, observed during the decay of Solar Cycle 23 and rise of Solar Cycle 24. First, we estimate initial orientations of the flux ropes at the origin using extreme-ultraviolet observations of post-eruption arcades and/or eruptive prominences. Then we reconstruct multi-viewpoint coronagraph observations of the CMEs from a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 2 to 30 R-aS (TM) with a three-dimensional geometric representation of a flux rope to determine their geometrical parameters. Finally, we propagate the flux ropes from a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 30 R-aS (TM) to 1 AU through MHD-simulated background solar wind while using in-situ measurements at 1 AU of the associated magnetic cloud as a constraint for the propagation technique. This methodology allows us to estimate the flux-rope orientation all the way from the Sun to 1 AU. We find that while the flux-ropes' deflection occurs predominantly below 30 R-aS (TM), a significant amount of deflection and rotation happens between 30 R-aS (TM) and 1 AU. We compare the flux-rope orientation to the local orientation of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). We find that slow flux ropes tend to align with the streams of slow solar wind in the inner heliosphere. During the solar-cycle minimum the slow solar-wind channel as well as the HCS usually occupy the area in the vicinity of the solar equatorial plane, which in the past led researchers to the hypothesis that flux ropes align with the HCS. Our results show that exceptions from this rule are explained by interaction with the Parker-spiraled background magnetic field, which dominates over the magnetic interaction with the HCS in the inner heliosphere at least during solar-minimum conditions. C1 [Isavnin, A.; Kilpua, E. K. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Isavnin, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland. EM Alexey.Isavnin@helsinki.fi RI Kilpua, Emilia/G-8994-2012; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Isavnin, Alexey/0000-0002-7178-627X FU Academy of Finland; NASA [S-136361-Y] FX The work of AI and EK was supported by the Academy of Finland. The work of AV is supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to the Naval Research Laboratory. LASCO was constructed by a consortium of institutions: NRL (USA), MPI fur Aeronomie (Germany), LAS (France), and University of Birmingham (UK). The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL, and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and University of Birmingham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA, and IAS (France). NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 289 IS 6 BP 2141 EP 2156 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0468-4 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AB1FE UT WOS:000331536100012 ER PT J AU Boerner, PF Testa, P Warren, H Weber, MA Schrijver, CJ AF Boerner, P. F. Testa, P. Warren, H. Weber, M. A. Schrijver, C. J. TI Photometric and Thermal Cross-calibration of Solar EUV Instruments SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Atomic data; Chromosphere; Corona; EUV; Instrumentation; Transition region ID DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE; X-RAY LINES; ATOMIC DATA; HINODE; REGION; ASTROPHYSICS; DATABASE; CHIANTI; CORONA; EIT AB We present an assessment of the accuracy of the calibration measurements and atomic physics models that go into calculating the SDO/AIA response as a function of wavelength and temperature. The wavelength response is tested by convolving SDO/EVE and Hinode/EIS spectral data with the AIA effective area functions and by comparing the predictions with AIA observations. For most channels, the AIA intensities summed over the disk agree with the corresponding measurements derived from the current version (V2) of the EVE data to within the estimated 25 % calibration error. This agreement indicates that the AIA effective areas are generally stable in time. The AIA 304 channel, however, does show degradation by a factor of almost 3 from May 2010 through September 2011, when the throughput apparently reached a minimum. We also found some inconsistencies in the 335 passband, possibly due to higher-order contamination of the EVE data. The intensities in the AIA 193 channel agree to within the uncertainties with the corresponding measurements from EIS full CCD observations. Analysis of high-resolution X-ray spectra of the solar-like corona of Procyon and of EVE spectra allowed us to investigate the accuracy and completeness of the CHIANTI database in the AIA shorter wavelength passbands. We found that in the 94 channel, the spectral model significantly underestimates the plasma emission owing to a multitude of missing lines. We derived an empirical correction for the AIA temperature responses by performing differential emission measure (DEM) inversion on a broad set of EVE spectra and adjusting the AIA response functions so that the count rates predicted by the full-disk DEMs match the observations. C1 [Boerner, P. F.; Schrijver, C. J.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Testa, P.; Weber, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Warren, H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boerner, PF (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, A021S,Bldg 252,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM boerner@lmsal.com; ptesta@cfa.harvard.edu; harry.warren@nrl.navy.mil; mweber@cfa.harvard.edu; schrijver@lmsal.com FU NASA [NNG04EA00C] FX The authors thank the members of the EVE team for providing helpful advice and excellent data. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). This work is supported by NASA under contract NNG04EA00C. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 289 IS 6 BP 2377 EP 2397 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0452-z PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AB1FE UT WOS:000331536100025 ER PT J AU Moses, WJ Gitelson, AA Berdnikov, S Bowles, JH Povazhnyi, V Saprygin, V Wagner, EJ Patterson, KW AF Moses, Wesley J. Gitelson, Anatoly A. Berdnikov, Sergey Bowles, Jeffrey H. Povazhnyi, Vasiliy Saprygin, Vladislav Wagner, Ellen J. Patterson, Karen W. TI HICO-Based NIR-Red Models for Estimating Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Productive Coastal Waters SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll-a; International Space Station (ISS); near-infrared (NIR)-red algorithms; productive coastal waters; remote sensing ID NEAR-INFRARED BANDS; REMOTE ESTIMATION; INLAND; OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; ALGORITHMS; ALGAE AB We present here results that demonstrate the potential of near-infrared (NIR)-red models to estimate chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration in coastal waters using data from the space-borne Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO). Since the recent demise of the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), the use of sensors such as HICO has become critical for coastal ocean color research. Algorithms based on two-and three-band NIR-red models, which were previously used very successfully with MERIS data, were applied to HICO images. The two-and three-band NIR-red algorithms yielded accurate estimates of chl-a concentration, with mean absolute errors that were only 10.92% and 9.58%, respectively, of the total range of chl-a concentrations measured over a period of several months in 2012 and 2013 on the Taganrog Bay in Russia. Given the uncertainties in the radiometric calibration of HICO, the results illustrate the robustness of the NIR-red algorithms and validate the radiometric, spectral, and atmospheric corrections applied to HICO data as they relate to estimating chl-a concentration in productive coastal waters. Inherent limitations due to the characteristics of the sensor and its orbit prohibit HICO from providing anywhere near the level of frequent global coverage as provided by standard multispectral ocean color sensors. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate the utility of HICO as a tool for determining water quality in select coastal areas and the cross-sensor applicability of NIR-red models and provide an indication of what could be achieved with future spaceborne hyperspectral sensors in estimating coastal water quality. C1 [Moses, Wesley J.; Bowles, Jeffrey H.; Wagner, Ellen J.; Patterson, Karen W.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gitelson, Anatoly A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Berdnikov, Sergey; Povazhnyi, Vasiliy; Saprygin, Vladislav] Russian Acad Sci, Southern Sci Ctr, Rostov Na Donu 344006, Russia. RP Moses, WJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Moses, Wesley/0000-0003-3551-6093 FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; NASA FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, through the Karles Fellowship awarded by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory to W. J. Moses, and by the NASA Land Cover Land Use Change Program extended to A. A. Gitelson. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 50 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1115 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2287458 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AA5NJ UT WOS:000331146200017 ER PT J AU Watson, MD McCollam, A Blake, SF Vignolles, D Drigo, L Mazin, II Guterding, D Jeschke, HO Valenti, R Ni, N Cava, R Coldea, AI AF Watson, M. D. McCollam, A. Blake, S. F. Vignolles, D. Drigo, L. Mazin, I. I. Guterding, D. Jeschke, H. O. Valenti, R. Ni, N. Cava, R. Coldea, A. I. TI Field-induced magnetic transitions in Ca-10(Pt3As8)((Fe1-xPtx)(2)As-2)(5) compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SKUTTERUDITE INTERMEDIARY LAYERS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We report a high magnetic field study up to 55 T of the parent and the nearly optimally doped iron-pnictide superconductor Ca-10(Pt3As8)((Fe1-xPtx)(2)As-2)(5) [x = 0 and 0.078(6)] using magnetic torque, tunnel diode oscillator technique, and transport measurements. We determine the superconducting phase diagram, revealing an anisotropy of the irreversibility field up to a factor of 10 near T-c and signatures of multiband superconductivity. Unexpectedly, we find a prominent anomaly in magnetic torque close to 22 T, when the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the (ab) planes, which becomes significantly more pronounced as the temperature is lowered to 0.33 K. We suggest that this field-induced transition, observed both in the magnetically ordered parent compound and a nonordered superconducting sample, is a signature of a spin-flop-like transition associated not with long-range order but driven by antiferromagnetic fluctuations of magnetic moments aligned preferentially out of the conducting planes at low temperatures. C1 [Watson, M. D.; Blake, S. F.; Coldea, A. I.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [McCollam, A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, High Field Magnet Lab, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Vignolles, D.; Drigo, L.] UJF, INSA, CNRS, Lab Natl Champs Magnet Intenses,UPS, Toulouse, France. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Guterding, D.; Jeschke, H. O.; Valenti, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Ni, N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ni, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ni, N.; Cava, R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Watson, MD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM amalia.coldea@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Jeschke, Harald/C-3507-2009; McCollam, Alix/F-9697-2015; Coldea, Amalia/C-1106-2013; OI Jeschke, Harald/0000-0002-8091-7024; Guterding, Daniel/0000-0003-3958-8801; Watson, Matthew/0000-0002-0737-2814 FU EPSRC [EP/I004475/1]; EuroMagNET II (EU) [228043]; EPSRC; DFG [SPP1458]; UCLA, Marie Curie fellowship (LANL); AFOSR MURI; German National Academic Foundation; Funding Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We acknowledge fruitful discussions with Andrew Boothroyd and Andreas Kreyssig, and we thank Susie Speller for technical support. This work was supported by EPSRC (EP/I004475/1) and part of the work by the EuroMagNET II (EU Contract No. 228043). A.I.C. acknowledges an EPSRC Career Acceleration Fellowship. D.G., H.O.J., and R.V. acknowledge support from the DFG through grant SPP1458. N.N. acknowledges support from UCLA, Marie Curie fellowship (LANL) and AFOSR MURI on superconductivity. D.G. acknowledges support from the German National Academic Foundation. I.I.M. acknowledges support from the Funding Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program, and from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 30 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 20 AR 205136 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.205136 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AJ9ND UT WOS:000338037300006 ER PT J AU Daniil, M Knipling, KE Fonda, HM Willard, MA AF Daniil, Maria Knipling, Keith E. Fonda, Helen M. Willard, Matthew A. TI Non-equilibrium materials design: a case study of nanostructured soft magnets for cryogenic applications SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alloy design; nanocrystalline soft magnets; crystal structure; magnetic properties ID SENDUST SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DO3 ORDERED STRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE FERROMAGNETS; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; ALLOYS; AL; MAGNETIZATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials are the latest and most promising of the soft magnetic materials that were developed at the end of the 20th century. They have since been studied extensively, and various alloy compositions have been developed and optimized for ambient and extreme (cryogenic and elevated temperature) applications. Their advantage lies in the unique combination of fine microstructure, crystal structure and composition, which can be achieved by rapid solidification and subsequent controlled annealing. In this article, we discuss the requirements and the challenges of the alloy designing these alloys and how it affects the crystal structure, microstructure and eventually the magnetic performance of new alloys designed for use at temperatures below 150 K in applications as varied as cryo-power electronics and magnetic shielding. The results from our latest studied alloy series are mentioned as an example. C1 [Daniil, Maria; Willard, Matthew A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Knipling, Keith E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fonda, Helen M.] Bishop Ireton High Sch, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Daniil, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM maw169@case.edu FU NSF-MRI [DMR-0420532]; ONR-DURIP [N00014-0400798, N00014-0610539, N00014-0910781]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-WX-2-1328] FX Atom-probe tomographic measurements were performed at the Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), using a LEAP tomograph purchased and upgraded with funding from NSF-MRI (DMR-0420532) and ONR-DURIP (N00014-0400798, N00014-0610539, N00014-0910781) grants. The work was completed in part at the US Naval Research Laboratory supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-12-WX-2-1328. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 055016 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/5/055016 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL2FO UT WOS:000338941500004 ER PT J AU Townsend, TK Yoon, W Foos, EE Tischler, JG AF Townsend, Troy K. Yoon, Woojun Foos, Edward E. Tischler, Joseph G. TI Impact of Nanocrystal Spray Deposition on Inorganic Solar Cells SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Spray deposition; nanocrystals; CdTe; photovoltaics; solution processing ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; QUANTUM DOTS; CDTE; CDSE AB Solution-synthesized inorganic cadmium telluride nanocrystals (similar to 4 nm; 1.45 eV band gap) are attractive elements for the fabrication of thin-film-based low-cost photovoltaic (PV) devices. Their encapsulating organic ligand shell enables them to be easily dissolved in organic solvents, and the resulting solutions can be spray-cast onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass under ambient conditions to produce photoactive thin films of CdTe. Following annealing at 380 degrees C in the presence of CdCl2(s) and evaporation of metal electrode contacts (glass/ITO/CdTe/Ca/Al), Schottky-junction PV devices were tested under simulated 1 sun conditions. An improved PV performance was found to be directly tied to control over the film morphology obtained by the adjustment of spray parameters such as the solution concentration, delivery pressure, substrate distance, and surface temperature. Higher. spray pressures produced thinner layers (<60 nm) with lower surface roughness (<200 nm), leading to devices with improved open-circuit voltages (V-oc) due to decreased surface roughness and higher short-circuit current (J(sc)) as a result of enhanced annealing conditions. After process optimization, spray-cast Schottky devices rivaled those prepared by conventional spin-coating, showing J(sc) = 14.6 +/- 2.7 mA cm(-2), V-oc = 428 +/- 11 mV, FF = 42.8 +/- 1.4%, and Eff. = 2.7 +/- 0.5% under 1 sun illumination. This optimized condition of CdTe spray deposition was then applied to heterojunction devices (ITO/CdTe/ZnO/A1) to reach 3.0% efficiency after light soaking under forward bias. The film thickness, surface morphology, and light absorption were examined with scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry, and UV/vis spectroscopy. C1 [Townsend, Troy K.; Yoon, Woojun; Foos, Edward E.; Tischler, Joseph G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Townsend, TK (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM troy.townsend.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowships at the Naval Research Laboratory FX The Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. This work was conducted while T.K.T. and W.Y. held National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowships at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAY 28 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 10 BP 7902 EP 7909 DI 10.1021/am501235v PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AI1TZ UT WOS:000336639200112 PM 24755091 ER PT J AU Harris, VG Chen, Y Byers, JM Stroud, RM Browning, VM Fuller-Mora, WW Osofsky, MS Kim, J Knies, D Grabowski, KS AF Harris, V. G. Chen, Y. Byers, J. M. Stroud, R. M. Browning, V. M. Fuller-Mora, W. W. Osofsky, M. S. Kim, J. Knies, D. Grabowski, K. S. TI Enhanced Jahn-Teller response induced by low-dose 10MeV I+ irradiation of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-delta films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE AB The structural response of pulsed laser deposited La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-delta films to low-level 10MeV I+ irradiation is correlated with magnetic and electronic properties. A series of annealed pulsed laser deposited films were subjected to ion irradiation at doses of 0.5-2.0 x 10(13) 10MeV iodine ions/cm(2). X-ray diffraction measurements show no measurable increase in the full width at half maximum values of major reflections before and after irradiation. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure analyses (EXAFS), employing both a model independent fitting using expanded cumulants as well as a nonlinear least squares multiple scattering model based on FEFF generated theoretical EXAFS data, were employed to measure local properties relative to the Mn ions. Increasing irradiation doses lead to an unambiguous evolution of MnO6 octahedra from highly symmetric (i.e., undistorted) to a clear bimodal structure in which the MnO6 octahedra are measured to undergo a c-axis stretching bearing resemblance to a Jahn-Teller distortion. Concomitantly, the metal to insulator transition temperature decreases more than 270K and the magnetoresistance increases from 10(2)% to 10(6)%. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Harris, V. G.; Chen, Y.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Byers, J. M.; Stroud, R. M.; Browning, V. M.; Fuller-Mora, W. W.; Osofsky, M. S.; Knies, D.; Grabowski, K. S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, J.] Neocera LLC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM v.harris@neu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 21 AR 212404 DI 10.1063/1.4875385 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI8FE UT WOS:000337143000033 ER PT J AU He, CL Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF He, Chunlin Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Alkyl Ammonium Cation Stabilized Biocidal Polyiodides with Adaptable High Density and Low Pressure SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE agent defeat weapons; decomposition products; iodine; polyiodides; X-ray diffraction ID IONIC LIQUIDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IODINE; POLYHALIDES; COMPLEX; SALTS AB The effective application of biocidal species requires building the active moiety into a molecular back bone that can be delivered and decomposed on demand under conditions of low pressure and prolonged high-temperature detonation. The goal is to destroy storage facilities and their contents while utilizing the biocidal products arising from the released energy to destroy any remaining harmful airborne agents. Decomposition of carefully selected iodine-rich compounds can produce large amounts of the very active biocides, hydroiodic acid (HI) and iodine (I-2). Polyiodide anions, namely, I-3(-), I-5(-), which are excellent sources of such biocides, can be stabilized through interactions with large, symmetric cations, such as alkyl ammonium salts. We have designed and synthesized suitable compounds of adaptable high density up to 3.33gcm(-3) that are low-pressure polyiodides with various alkyl ammonium cations, deliverable iodine contents of which range between 58.0-90.9%. C1 [He, Chunlin; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-11-1-0034]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0536] FX The authors thank the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-11-1-0034) and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-12-1-0536) for support of this research. We are grateful to Dr. Joseph Hooper, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943 and Dr. Joseph D. Mannion Naval Sea Warfare Center Indian Head, MD for CHEETAH 6 or 7 calculations. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD MAY 26 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 22 BP 6699 EP 6706 DI 10.1002/chem.201402176 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AH3DM UT WOS:000336002200021 PM 24782289 ER PT J AU Yin, P Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Yin, Ping Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI N-Diazo-Bridged Nitroazoles: Catenated Nitrogen-Atom Chains Compatible with Nitro Functionalities SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catenated nitrogen chains; energetic properties; explosives; nitroazoles; nitrogen ID INSENSITIVE ENERGETIC MATERIALS; THERMAL REARRANGEMENT; IONIC LIQUIDS; RICH COMPOUND; DERIVATIVES; NITROPYRAZOLES; PRECURSOR; PYRAZOLES; ANIONS; SALTS AB N-diazo-bridged azoles were synthesized based on oxidative coupling of N-aminoazoles. Incorporation of extended catenated nitrogen-atom chains with nitro groups led to compounds with favorable functional compatibilities. This combination gives rise to a series of high-density energetic materials (HEDMs) with high heats of formation, enhanced densities, positive oxygen balances, and good detonation properties while retaining excellent thermal stabilities and relatively low impact sensitivities. Calculated and experimental studies showed the delicate balance between the length of the nitrogen atom chain, energetic performance, and inherent stability, thus, providing a promising strategy for designing advanced energetic materials. C1 [Yin, Ping; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu RI Yin, Ping/A-3699-2014 OI Yin, Ping/0000-0002-2870-8225 NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD MAY 26 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 22 BP 6707 EP 6712 DI 10.1002/chem.201402762 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AH3DM UT WOS:000336002200022 PM 24764220 ER PT J AU Harris, JR AF Harris, J. R. TI Measurements of an expanding surface flashover plasma SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; CATHODE; ACCELERATOR; INSULATORS; VACUUM AB A better understanding of vacuum surface flashover and the plasma produced by it is of importance for electron and ion sources, as well as advanced accelerators and other vacuum electronic devices. This article describes time-of-flight and biased-probe measurements made on the expanding plasma generated from a vacuum surface flashover discharge. The plasma expanded at velocities of 1.2-6.5 cm/mu s, and had typical densities of 10(10)-10(12) cm(-3). The expansion velocity of the plasma leading edge often exhibited a sharp increase at distances of about 50mm from the discharge site. Comparison with biased-probe data suggests that, under most conditions, the plasma leading edge was dominated by negative ions, with the apparent increase in velocity being due to fast H- overtaking slower, heavier ions. In some cases, biased-probe data also showed abrupt discontinuities in the plasma energy distribution co-located with large changes in the intercepted plasma current, suggesting the presence of a shock in the leading edge of the expanding plasma. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Harris, J. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harris, J. R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.harris@colostate.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 19 AR 193302 DI 10.1063/1.4876677 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI5PA UT WOS:000336920200011 ER PT J AU Merritt, TR Meeker, MA Magill, BA Khodaparast, GA McGill, S Tischler, JG Choi, SG Palmstrom, CJ AF Merritt, T. R. Meeker, M. A. Magill, B. A. Khodaparast, G. A. McGill, S. Tischler, J. G. Choi, S. G. Palmstrom, C. J. TI Photoluminescence lineshape and dynamics of localized excitonic transitions in InAsP epitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PHASE EPITAXY; GROWTH; ALXGA1-XAS AB The excitonic radiative transitions of InAsxP1-x (x = 0.13 and x = 0.40) alloy epitaxial layers were studied through magnetic field and temperature dependent photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. While the linewidth and lineshape of the exciton transition for x = 0.40 indicate the presence of alloy broadening due to random anion distribution and the existence of localized exciton states, those of x = 0.13 suggest that this type of compositional disorder is absent in x = 0.13. This localization is further supported by the behavior of the exciton transitions at low temperature and high magnetic fields. InAs0.4P0.6 exhibits anomalous "S-shaped" temperature dependence of the excition emission peak below 100K as well as linewidth broadening at high magnetic fields due to the compression of the excitonic volume amid compositional fluctuations. Finally, photoluminescence decay patterns suggest that the excitons radiatively relax through two channels, a fast and a slow decay. While the lifetime of the fast decay is comparable for both compositions (similar to 30 ps), that of the slow decay increases from 206 ps to 427 ps as x increases from 0.13 to 0.40, attributable to carrier migration between the localization states of InAs0.4P0.6. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Merritt, T. R.; Meeker, M. A.; Magill, B. A.; Khodaparast, G. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [McGill, S.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Tischler, J. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Choi, S. G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Palmstrom, C. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Khodaparast, GA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM khoda@vt.edu RI Choi, Sukgeun/J-2345-2014 FU NSF-Career Award [DMR-0846834]; NSF [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; U.S. Department of Energy; UCGP; Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Sciences (ICTAS) at Virginia Tech. FX This work was supported by NSF-Career Award DMR-0846834, and a portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, the U.S. Department of Energy, and through a UCGP. G. A. Khodaparast thanks the inputs from Professor Alexey Belyanin and the funding from the Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Sciences (ICTAS) at Virginia Tech. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 19 AR 193503 DI 10.1063/1.4876121 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI5PA UT WOS:000336920200015 ER PT J AU Wu, VY Shen, YC Yun, MS Melnick, G AF Wu, Vivian Y. Shen, Yu-Chu Yun, Myeong-Su Melnick, Glenn TI Decomposition of the drivers of the US hospital spending growth, 2001-2009 SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hospital; Oaxaca-Blinder; Decomposition; Prices ID MANAGED CARE; COST GROWTH; INPATIENT COST; INSURANCE; STATE; DISPARITIES; COMPETITION; TECHNOLOGY; MARKETS; PRICES AB Background: United States health care spending rose rapidly in the 2000s, after a period of temporary slowdown in the 1990s. However, the description of the overall trend and the understanding of the underlying drivers of this trend are very limited. This study investigates how well historical hospital cost/revenue drivers explain the recent hospital spending trend in the 2000s, and how important each of these drivers is. Methods: We used aggregated time series data to describe the trend in total hospital spending, price, and quantity between 2001 and 2009. We used the Oaxaca-Blinder method to investigate the relative importance of major hospital cost/spending drivers (derived from the literature) in explaining the change in hospital spending patterns between 2001 and 2007. We assembled data from Medicare Cost Reports, American Hospital Association annual surveys, Prospective Payment System (PPS) Impact Files, Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) Medicare claims data, InterStudy reports, National Health Expenditure data, and Area Resource Files. Results: Aggregated time series trends show that high hospital spending between 2001 and 2009 appears to be driven by higher payment per unit of hospital output, not by increased utilization. Results using the Oaxaca-Blinder regression decomposition method indicate that changes in historically important spending drivers explain a limited 30% of unit-payment growth, but a higher 60% of utilization growth. Hospital staffing and labor-related costs, casemix, and demographics are the most important drivers of higher hospital revenue, utilization, and unit-payment. Technology is associated with lower utilization, higher unit payment, and limited increases in total revenue. Market competition, primarily because of increased managed care concentration, moderates total revenue growth by driving lower unit payment. Conclusions: Much of the rapidly rising hospital spending growth in the 2000s in the United States is driven by factors not commonly known or well measured. Future studies need to explore new factors and dynamics that drive longer-term hospital spending growth in recent years, particularly through the channel of higher prices. C1 [Wu, Vivian Y.; Melnick, Glenn] Univ So Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Yun, Myeong-Su] Tulane Univ, Dept Econ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Wu, VY (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM vivianwu@usc.edu NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD MAY 21 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 230 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-14-230 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AI3ND UT WOS:000336767400002 PM 24886580 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Stevens, MH Brown, CM Harlander, JM DeMajistre, R Marr, KD AF Englert, Christoph R. Stevens, Michael H. Brown, Charles M. Harlander, John M. DeMajistre, Robert Marr, Kenneth D. TI High sensitivity trace gas sensor for planetary atmospheres: miniaturized Mars methane monitor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; atmospheres; spectrometers; infrared ID SPATIAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE AB Highly sensitive trace gas measurements in planetary atmospheres can yield information about a planet's atmosphere and surface. One prominent example is methane in the Martian atmosphere, which could originate biogenically and provides answers to one of the most intriguing questions in planetary science: "Does life currently exist on Mars?" Recently, in situ measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) have resulted in an upper limit of 1300 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), whereas previous measurements using terrestrial telescopes and an instrument orbiting Mars reported significantly higher values of 10,000 pptv or more. These results are not necessarily contradictory, due to the possibility of spatial and temporal variability of the trace gas concentration. Thus, more measurements will be required to gain clarity. The concept of a miniaturized Mars methane monitor, a high spectral resolution, midinfrared spectrometer observing the sun through the Mars atmosphere from either the Mars surface, a Mars balloon or plane, or a Mars orbiting satellite is presented. The instrument would measure atmospheric methane and water vapor volume mixing ratios with equal or higher precision than the tunable laser spectrometer on MSL. The spectrometer concept uses the spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technique, which has previously been used for ground- and space-based observations of the Earth's atmosphere. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Englert, Christoph R.; Stevens, Michael H.; Brown, Charles M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harlander, John M.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [DeMajistre, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Space, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Marr, Kenneth D.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christoph.englert@nrl.navy.mil OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 FU NASA Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program (PIDDP) FX This work was supported by the NASA Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program (PIDDP). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 41 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 083625 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083625 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AK5UK UT WOS:000338491700001 ER PT J AU Brym, A Paerl, HW Montgomery, MT Handsel, LT Ziervogel, K Osburn, CL AF Brym, Adeline Paerl, Hans W. Montgomery, Michael T. Handsel, Lauren T. Ziervogel, Kai Osburn, Christopher L. TI Optical and chemical characterization of base-extracted particulate organic matter in coastal marine environments SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POM; Absorption; Fluorescence; PARAFAC; Carbon stable isotopes ID RIVER-DOMINATED ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NORTH-CAROLINA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FULVIC-ACID; ABSORPTION; CARBON; PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN AB Absorbance and fluorescence measurements were measured on base-extracted particulate organic matter (BEPOM) to examine POM biogeochemistry in coastal marine environments. BEPOM trends from August 2011-September 2012 in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) were compared against single sampling events in Charleston Harbor (CHS) and the inner Louisiana-Texas Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in July 2011 and July 2012, respectively. Spectral slope values, S275-295, and the ratio of spectral slopes, S-R values, were mainly influenced by distinct structure in the UV-B region of BEPOM absorption spectra, which was similar to prior laboratory work on autochthonous, planktonic sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). A PARAFAC model with five components was fit to BEPOM excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence data. Excitation and emission spectra of the five components were similar to those found for dissolved organic matter (DOM) in other coastal environments, with two components attributed to planktonic sources and two components attributed to terrestrial (humic) sources. A fifth component was attributed to microbial humic substances. Principle components analysis of PARAFAC results separated autochthonous, planktonic components from allochthonous, terrestrial components and explained >70% of the variance in the data. Surface water stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) values of BEPOM from the NRE and CHS ranged from -29 to -23%., with most enriched values occurring synchronous with high Chl-a concentrations, and indicating that enriched delta C-13 values in BEPOM reflected a planktonic source. Notably, delta C-13-BEPOM values for the GOM shelf below 50 m water depth were depleted (<-30%.), and a mixing model indicated that 30-40% of the POM could originate from methanic carbon. BEPOM absorption and fluorescence results suggested a planktonic POM as a source of CDOM in coastal marine environments. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brym, Adeline; Handsel, Lauren T.; Osburn, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ziervogel, Kai] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Osburn, CL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, 2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM closburn@ncsu.edu OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU NCDENR 319 [4443]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Environmental Restoration; Lower Neuse Basin Association (Neuse River Modeling and Monitoring Project, ModMon); North Carolina State University Faculty Research and Professional Development program; National Science Foundation [OCE 0825466, CBET 0932632]; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative's "Ecosystem Impacts of Oil and Gas Input to the Gulf" (ECOGIG) program [274]; GRIIDC [R1.x132.134:006] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments which improved this manuscript. This work was supported by NCDENR 319 Grant 4443 (C.LO., H.W.P.), a Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Environmental Restoration grant (M.T.M., C.L.O.), the Lower Neuse Basin Association (Neuse River Modeling and Monitoring Project, ModMon), (H.W.P.), the North Carolina State University Faculty Research and Professional Development program (CID.), the National Science Foundation (OCE 0825466, CBET 0932632) (H.W.P.) and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative's "Ecosystem Impacts of Oil and Gas Input to the Gulf" (ECOGIG) program (K.Z.; ECOGIG contribution #274; data fall under GRIIDC accession number R1.x132.134:006). John Helms is thanked for the helpful suggestions on data analysis. Kayla Christianson, Molly Mikan, and Luke Sachsenmaier are acknowledged for their assistance in the laboratory. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 162 BP 96 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2014.03.006 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA AI6UO UT WOS:000337012700011 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Allafort, A Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Chaves, RCG Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Franckowiak, A Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Gomez-Vargas, GA Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hewitt, J Hughes, RE Jeltema, TE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Kamae, T Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Ruan, J Sanchez-Conde, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Storm, E Strong, AW Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vianello, G Vitale, V Winer, BL Wood, KS Zimmer, S Pinzke, A Pfrommer, C AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Allafort, A. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Franckowiak, A. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Gomez-Vargas, G. A. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hewitt, J. Hughes, R. E. Jeltema, T. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kamae, T. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ruan, J. Sanchez-Conde, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Storm, E. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Zimmer, S. Pinzke, A. Pfrommer, C. CA Fermi-LAT Collaboration TI SEARCH FOR COSMIC-RAY-INDUCED GAMMA-RAY EMISSION IN GALAXY CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; gamma rays: galaxies: clusters ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; COSMOLOGICAL SHOCK-WAVES; DIFFUSE RADIO-EMISSION; X-RAY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; COMA CLUSTER; MAGIC TELESCOPES; HADRONIC MODELS; NGC 1275; PARTICLE REACCELERATION AB Current theories predict relativistic hadronic particle populations in clusters of galaxies in addition to the already observed relativistic leptons. In these scenarios hadronic interactions give rise to neutral pions which decay into gamma rays that are potentially observable with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi space telescope. We present a joint likelihood analysis searching for spatially extended gamma-ray emission at the locations of 50 galaxy clusters in four years of Fermi-LAT data under the assumption of the universal cosmic-ray (CR) model proposed by Pinzke & Pfrommer. We find an excess at a significance of 2.7 sigma, which upon closer inspection, however, is correlated to individual excess emission toward three galaxy clusters: A400, A1367, and A3112. We discuss these cases in detail and conservatively attribute the emission to unmodeled background systems (for example, radio galaxies within the clusters). Through the combined analysis of 50 clusters, we exclude hadronic injection efficiencies in simple hadronic models above 21% and establish limits on the CR to thermal pressure ratio within the virial radius, R-200, to be below 1.25%-1.4% depending on the morphological classification. In addition, we derive new limits on the gamma-ray flux from individual clusters in our sample. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Albert, A.; Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Orlando, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Orlando, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Jeltema, T. E.; Razzano, M.; Storm, E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Jeltema, T. E.; Razzano, M.; Storm, E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.] CEA IRFU CNRS Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Guiriec, S.; Hewitt, J.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Garde, M. Llena; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Garde, M. Llena; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.; Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Inst Fis Teor IFT UAM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Gustafsson, M.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Phys Theor, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Hayashida, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, F-91191 Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ruan, J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Vianello, G.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Pinzke, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pfrommer, C.] Heidelberg Inst Theoret Studies, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM conrad@fysik.su.se; olr@slac.stanford.edu; zimmer@fysik.su.se; apinzke@fysik.su.se; christoph.pfrommer@h-its.org RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gomez-Vargas, German/C-7138-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Zimmer, Stephan/0000-0002-5735-0082; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation. NR 126 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 1 AR 18 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/18 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH2AX UT WOS:000335924200018 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Allafort, A Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bonamente, E Bottacini, E Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chen, Q Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Inoue, Y Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, WN Kamae, T Kawano, T Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Murphy, R Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Takahashi, H Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, Y Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Tosti, G Troja, E Tronconi, V Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, DL Wood, KS Wood, M Yang, Z AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bonamente, E. Bottacini, E. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chen, Q. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Inoue, Y. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Kawano, T. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Murphy, R. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Takahashi, H. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, Y. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Tronconi, V. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, D. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yang, Z. TI HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM SOLAR FLARES: SUMMARY OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DETECTIONS AND ANALYSIS OF TWO M-CLASS FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: flares; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; EGRET; CALIBRATION; ELECTRONS; COMPTON; SHOCKS; WAVES; GRO AB We present the detections of 18 solar flares detected in high-energy gamma-rays (above 100 MeV) with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first 4 yr of operation. This work suggests that particle acceleration up to very high energies in solar flares is more common than previously thought, occurring even in modest flares, and for longer durations. Interestingly, all these flares are associated with fairly fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We then describe the detailed temporal, spatial, and spectral characteristics of the first two long-lasting events: the 2011 March 7 flare, a moderate (M3.7) impulsive flare followed by slowly varying gamma-ray emission over 13 hr, and the 2011 June 7 M2.5 flare, which was followed by gamma-ray emission lasting for 2 hr. We compare the Fermi LAT data with X-ray and proton data measurements from GOES and RHESSI. We argue that the gamma-rays are more likely produced through pion decay than electron bremsstrahlung, and we find that the energy spectrum of the proton distribution softens during the extended emission of the 2011 March 7 flare. This would disfavor a trapping scenario for particles accelerated during the impulsive phase of the flare and point to a continuous acceleration process at play for the duration of the flares. CME shocks are known for accelerating the solar energetic particles (SEPs) observed in situ on similar timescales, but it might be challenging to explain the production of gamma-rays at the surface of the Sun while the CME is halfway to the Earth. A stochastic turbulence acceleration process occurring in the solar corona is another likely scenario. Detailed comparison of characteristics of SEPs and gamma-ray-emitting particles for several flares will be helpful to distinguish between these two possibilities. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Albert, A.; Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chen, Q.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chen, Q.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Desiante, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Desiante, R.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.; Tronconi, V.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bouvier, A.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bouvier, A.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brandt, T. J.; Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Moretti, E.; Yang, Z.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Murphy, R.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Kawano, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM, Serv Astrophys,CEA IRFU CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Jackson, M. S.; Moretti, E.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, F-31100 Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohno, M.; Tanaka, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Okumura, A.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Takeuchi, Y.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Vianello, G.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartmento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wood, D. L.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM vahep@stanford.edu; allafort@stanford.edu; nico.giglietto@ba.infn.it; nicola.omodei@stanford.edu; tanaka@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Inoue, Yoshiyuki/0000-0002-7272-1136; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT, as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/15 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH2AX UT WOS:000335924200015 ER PT J AU Leake, JE Linton, MG Antiochos, SK AF Leake, James E. Linton, Mark G. Antiochos, Spiro K. TI SIMULATIONS OF EMERGING MAGNETIC FLUX. II. THE FORMATION OF UNSTABLE CORONAL FLUX ROPES AND THE INITIATION OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: atmosphere; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields ID SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; EMERGENCE; MODEL; ERUPTION; EVOLUTION; BREAKOUT; FLARES; RECONNECTION; MORPHOLOGY; TOPOLOGY AB We present results from three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the emergence of a twisted convection zone flux tube into a pre-existing coronal dipole field. As in previous simulations, following the partial emergence of the sub-surface flux into the corona, a combination of vortical motions and internal magnetic reconnection forms a coronal flux rope. Then, in the simulations presented here, external reconnection between the emerging field and the pre-existing dipole coronal field allows further expansion of the coronal flux rope into the corona. After sufficient expansion, internal reconnection occurs beneath the coronal flux rope axis, and the flux rope erupts up to the top boundary of the simulation domain (similar to 36 Mm above the surface). We find that the presence of a pre-existing field, orientated in a direction to facilitate reconnection with the emerging field, is vital to the fast rise of the coronal flux rope. The simulations shown in this paper are able to self-consistently create many of the surface and coronal signatures used by coronal mass ejection (CME) models. These signatures include surface shearing and rotational motions, quadrupolar geometry above the surface, central sheared arcades reconnecting with oppositely orientated overlying dipole fields, the formation of coronal flux ropes underlying potential coronal field, and internal reconnection which resembles the classical flare reconnection scenario. This suggests that proposed mechanisms for the initiation of a CME, such as "magnetic breakout", are operating during the emergence of new active regions. C1 [Leake, James E.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Linton, Mark G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antiochos, Spiro K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. RP Leake, JE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jleake@gmu.edu RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 FU NASA Living With a Star and Solar and Heliospheric Physics programs; Office of Naval Research 6.1 Program; DoD HPC program FX This work has been supported by the NASA Living With a Star and Solar and Heliospheric Physics programs, and the Office of Naval Research 6.1 Program. The simulations were performed under a grant of computer time from the DoD HPC program. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 1 AR 46 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/46 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH2AX UT WOS:000335924200046 ER PT J AU Malamut, C Redfield, S Linsky, JL Wood, BE Ayres, TR AF Malamut, Craig Redfield, Seth Linsky, Jeffrey L. Wood, Brian E. Ayres, Thomas R. TI THE STRUCTURE OF THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM. VI. NEW Mg II, Fe II, AND Mn II OBSERVATIONS TOWARD STARS WITHIN 100 pc SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line: profiles; local interstellar matter; ISM: clouds; ISM: structure; techniques: spectroscopic ID HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; PICTORIS CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTER-STELLAR MEDIUM; HOT WHITE-DWARFS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; BETA-PICTORIS; CA-II; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN WALL AB We analyze high-resolution spectra obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope toward 34 nearby stars (<= 100 pc) to record Mg II, Fe II, and Mn II absorption due to the local interstellar medium (LISM). Observations span the entire sky, probing previously unobserved regions of the LISM. The heavy ions studied in this survey produce narrow absorption features that facilitate the identification of multiple interstellar components. We detected one to six individual absorption components along any given sight line, and the number of absorbers roughly correlates with the pathlength. This high-resolution near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectroscopic survey was specifically designed for sight lines with existing far-UV (FUV) observations. The FUV spectra include many intrinsically broad absorption lines (i.e., of low atomic mass ions) and are often observed at medium resolution. The LISM NUV narrow-line absorption component structure presented here can be used to more accurately interpret the archival FUV observations. As an example of this synergy, we present a new analysis of the temperature and turbulence along the line of sight toward is an element of Ind. The new observations of LISM velocity structure are also critical in the interpretation of astrospheric absorption derived from fitting the saturated H I Ly alpha profile. As an example, we reanalyze the spectrum of lambda And and find that this star likely does have an astrosphere. Two stars in the sample that have circumstellar disks (49 Cet and HD141569) show evidence for absorption due to disk gas. Finally, the substantially increased number of sight lines is used to test and refine the three-dimensional kinematic model of the LISM and search for previously unidentified clouds within the Local Bubble. We find that every prediction made by the Redfield & Linsky kinematic model of the LISM is confirmed by an observed component in the new lines of sight. C1 [Malamut, Craig; Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Malamut, Craig; Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wood, Brian E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ayres, Thomas R.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Malamut, C (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM cmalamut@wesleyan.edu OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 FU NASA HST grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-11568]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; student research fellowship from the Connecticut Space Grant Consortium FX We thank the anonymous referee for their insightful comments. We thank Meredith Hughes for several helpful discussions and useful comments. We acknowledge support through NASA HST grant GO-11568 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555; and a student research fellowship from the Connecticut Space Grant Consortium. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 787 IS 1 AR 75 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/75 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH2AX UT WOS:000335924200075 ER PT J AU Gallagher, CM More, K Masaquel, A Kamath, T Guerin, A Ionescu-Ittu, R Gauthier-Loiselle, M Nitulescu, R Wu, EQ Sicignano, N Butts, E Barnett, B AF Gallagher, Christopher M. More, Kenneth Masaquel, Anthony Kamath, Tripthi Guerin, Annie Ionescu-Ittu, Raluca Gauthier-Loiselle, Marjolaine Nitulescu, Roy Wu, Eric Qiong Sicignano, Nicholas Butts, Elizabeth Barnett, Brian TI Relapse impact on overall survival in trastuzumab-treated women with HER2+early-stage breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. Anal Grp Inc, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Anal Grp Inc, Boston, MA USA. Hlth Res Tx, Trevose, PA USA. Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 15 SU S MA e11601 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CN7KL UT WOS:000358613200094 ER PT J AU Schneble, EJ Byrd, K Vreeland, TJ Berry, JS Trappey, AF Clifton, GT Ponniah, S Mittendorf, EA McGuire, W Conrads, TP Darcy, KM Maxwell, GL Hamilton, C Elkas, JC Peoples, GE AF Schneble, Erika J. Byrd, Kevin Vreeland, Timothy J. Berry, John S. Trappey, Alfred F. Clifton, Guy T. Ponniah, Sathibalan Mittendorf, Elizabeth Ann McGuire, William Conrads, Thomas P. Darcy, Kathleen M. Maxwell, G. Larry Hamilton, Chad Elkas, J. C. Peoples, George Earl TI Comparison of recurrent and nonrecurrent ovarian and uterine cancer patients undergoing adjuvant folate receptor vaccine therapy. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. USUHS, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, US Mil Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Falls Church, VA USA. Gynecol Canc Ctr Excellence, Annandale, VA USA. Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Mid Atlantic Pelv Surg Associates, Annandale, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 15 SU S MA 5559 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CN7KL UT WOS:000358613203543 ER PT J AU Hedlin, MAH Drob, DP AF Hedlin, Michael A. H. Drob, Douglas P. TI Statistical characterization of atmospheric gravity waves by seismoacoustic observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INFRASOUND PROPAGATION; PARABOLIC EQUATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SEISMIC NETWORK; PARAMETERIZATION; EXPLOSIONS; MORPHOLOGY; SCATTERING; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA AB We examine acoustic-to-seismic coupled signals from ground-truthed explosions in northern Utah that were observed by dense seismic networks. We simulate the observed signals using both classical ray theory and the parabolic equation method in order to better understand the influence of multiscale atmospheric structures on these signals. Atmospheric models correctly predict acoustic arrival times downwind of the source, but signals are commonly observed over a much larger area than predicted using baseline models including well within the shadow zones near the source. In order to properly explain the extent of the observed infrasound wavefield in range and azimuth, the results indicate that it is necessary to account for unresolved subgrid-scale atmosphere structures. The results also clearly show the need to account for these structures in order to properly explain the observed wave signal duration. Without accounting for small-scale atmospheric structure, the infrasound signals are predicted to last 5-10 s but are observed to last 30-80 s. Furthermore, the amplitudes of the coupled signals relative to background noise vary steadily with distance in a manner that matches the computed predictions. The results show that infrasound signals retain much information about the large-and small-scale structures in the atmosphere through which they propagate suggesting that routine observations from dense regional seismic networks might also provide a novel means of atmospheric sounding. C1 [Hedlin, Michael A. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lab Atmospher Acoust, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Drob, Douglas P.] Naval Res Lab, Geospace Sci & Technol Branch, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Hedlin, MAH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lab Atmospher Acoust, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hedlin@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1147962]; Office of Naval Research FX We are indebted to Relu Burlacu (University of Utah) and Sue Nava (Ensco, Inc.) for information on the UTTR explosions. We thank Earthscope for the Transportable Array. We thank IRIS for providing access to the seismic data via their Data Management Center. We thank Matt Fouch (Arizona State University) and David James (Carnegie Institution of Washington) for access to the HLP data. The GEOS-5 data utilized in conjunction with other data sources in the NRL G2S atmospheric specification used in the numerical calculations was provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the online data portal in the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. The NOAA GFS, also utilized in the G2S specifications, was obtained from NOAA's National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS), which is maintained at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). M. Hedlin was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-1147962. D. Drob acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5345 EP 5363 DI 10.1002/2013JD021304 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3QS UT WOS:000338340400021 ER PT J AU Alfaro-Contreras, R Zhang, JL Campbell, JR Holz, RE Reid, JS AF Alfaro-Contreras, Ricardo Zhang, Jianglong Campbell, James R. Holz, Robert E. Reid, Jeffrey S. TI Evaluating the impact of aerosol particles above cloud on cloud optical depth retrievals from MODIS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; THICKNESS; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; RADIUS; ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY; CALIOP; LIDAR; DUST AB Using two different operational Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud optical depth (COD) retrievals (0.86 versus 1.6 mu m), we evaluate the impact of above-cloud smoke aerosol particles on near-IR (0.86 mu m) COD retrievals. Aerosol Index (AI) from the collocated Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are used to identify above-cloud aerosol particle loading over the southern Atlantic Ocean, including both smoke and dust from the African subcontinent. Collocated Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation data constrain cloud phase and provide contextual above-cloud aerosol optical depth. The frequency of occurrence of above-cloud aerosol events is depicted on a global scale for the spring and summer seasons from OMI and Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization. Seasonal frequencies for smoke-over-cloud off the southwestern Africa coastline reach 20-50% in boreal summer. We find a corresponding low COD bias of 10-20% for standard MODIS COD retrievals when averaged OMI AI are larger than 1. No such bias is found over the Saharan dust outflow region off northern Africa, since both MODIS 0.86 and 1.6 mu m channels are vulnerable to radiance attenuation due to dust particles. A similar result is found for a smaller domain, in the Gulf of Tonkin region, from smoke advection over marine stratocumulus clouds and outflow into the northern South China Sea in spring. This study shows the necessity of accounting for the above-cloud aerosol events for future studies using standard MODIS cloud products in biomass burning outflow regions, through the use of collocated OMI AI and supplementary MODIS 1.6 mu m COD products. C1 [Alfaro-Contreras, Ricardo; Zhang, Jianglong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Campbell, James R.; Reid, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Holz, Robert E.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; UND; ND EPSCoR program; NASA of the Micropulse Lidar Network [NNG13HH10I]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX This research was funded through the support of the Office of Naval Research Codes 322 and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Author R. A. acknowledges the support of a UND space grant and the ND EPSCoR program. Author J.R.C. acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG13HH10I on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network and NASA Radiation Sciences Program. We thank the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators for collecting and maintaining the Sun photometer data. CALIOP cloud and aerosol layer data were obtained from the Atmospheric Science Data Center. MODIS cloud data were obtained from the Goddard Space Flight Center Level 1 and atmospheric archive and distribution system. The OMI aerosol data were obtained from the Goddard Earth Science Data Center and Information Service Center. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 19 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5410 EP 5423 DI 10.1002/2013JD021270 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3QS UT WOS:000338340400026 ER PT J AU Thomson, J Rogers, WE AF Thomson, Jim Rogers, W. Erick TI Swell and sea in the emerging Arctic Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE BREAKING; ICE AB Ocean surface waves (sea and swell) are generated by winds blowing over a distance (fetch) for a duration of time. In the Arctic Ocean, fetch varies seasonally from essentially zero in winter to hundreds of kilometers in recent summers. Using in situ observations of waves in the central Beaufort Sea, combined with a numerical wave model and satellite sea ice observations, we show that wave energy scales with fetch throughout the seasonal ice cycle. Furthermore, we show that the increased open water of 2012 allowed waves to develop beyond pure wind seas and evolve into swells. The swells remain tied to the available fetch, however, because fetch is a proxy for the basin size in which the wave evolution occurs. Thus, both sea and swell depend on the open water fetch in the Arctic, because the swell is regionally driven. This suggests that further reductions in seasonal ice cover in the future will result in larger waves, which in turn provide a mechanism to break up sea ice and accelerate ice retreat. C1 [Thomson, Jim] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Rogers, W. Erick] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jthomson@apl.uw.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research and the logistical support of Rick Krishfield and the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGEP) team at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. NR 33 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 9 BP 3136 EP 3140 DI 10.1002/2014GL059983 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AK1SP UT WOS:000338196700017 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM AF Davis, J. Petrov, G. M. TI Modelling of non-LTE atomic physics processes in hot dense plasmas during the interaction with an intense short pulse laser SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE particle-in-cell; atomic physics; non-equilibrium model ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; WEIGHTED PARTICLES AB The implicit 2D3V particle-in-cell (PIC) code developed to study the interaction of intense lasers with matter (Petrov and Davis 2008 Comput. Phys. Commun. 179 868-80; 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 073102) has been extended to include atomic physics under extreme energy density conditions. The atomic physics model is applied to aluminium. Each ionization stage contains two levels: one ground and one lumped excited state, for which various atomic physics processes such as optical field ionization, collisional ionization, excitation, de-excitation and radiative decay describe the population density. Two-dimensional PIC simulations have been carried out for laser pulses with peak intensity 1 x 1020 W cm(-2), pulse duration 60 fs, spot size 3 mu m and energy 0.75 J interacting with ultrathin (0.2 mu m) Al foil. Radiation emitted during the laser-target interaction is computed by accounting for both bound-bound transitions and bremsstrahlung radiation. We demonstrate that the radiation signature of laser-produced plasma can be used as a complementary tool to other diagnostic techniques used in laser-plasma interactions. Finally, results from the PIC model are compared to equilibrium calculations (Maxwell-Boltzmann and Saha). In the early stages of laser-plasma interactions (< 100 fs) the plasma is far from equilibrium and equilibrium models can not be applied with confidence to model the plasma. C1 [Davis, J.; Petrov, G. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL 6.1 Base Program FX This work was supported by the NRL 6.1 Base Program. The authors thank Dr T Z Petrova and Dr J L Giuliani for their comments. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 9 AR 095402 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/9/095402 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AF8XN UT WOS:000334999100012 ER PT J AU Erxleben, ND Kedziora, GS Urban, JJ AF Erxleben, Nathan D. Kedziora, Gary S. Urban, Joseph J. TI Anomeric effects in fluoro and trifluoromethyl piperidines: a computational study of conformational preferences and hydration SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE Stereoelectronic effect; Conformation; Fluorine; Computational; Density functional theory ID BOND ORBITAL ANALYSIS; TRANSITION-STATE STABILIZATION; HYBRID DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; ADJACENT ELECTRON PAIRS; ORGANOFLUORINE CHEMISTRY; DISPERSION CORRECTIONS; POLAR BONDS; BASIS-SETS; C-F; HYDROGEN AB A computational investigation of anomeric effects in piperidine rings bearing fluoro and trifluoromethyl substituents shows for both compounds the most pronounced evidence of the anomeric effect, as expressed as hyperconjugative delocalization of the nitrogen lone pair, in structures with the substituent in the axial position and the N-H bond in the equatorial position. This structure is the lowest-energy structure in the fluoro case but not in the trifluoromethyl case where there is an increased axial penalty associated with the CF3 group. The anomeric effect is characterized via geometrical evidence, natural bond orbital analysis, electrostatic effects, and energetic criteria. Computational results from a variety of levels of theory are presented including CCSD(T) with complete basis set extrapolation, B2PLYP-D, omega B97XD, B97-D, M06-2X, B3LYP, and MP2 allowing for a comparison of performance. The CCSD(T)/CBS results are very well represented by either B2PLYP-D or omega B97XD with moderate to large basis sets (aug-cc-pVTZ or aug-cc-pVDZ). Hyperconjugation, electrostatic effects, and steric effects play a role in the relative energetic ordering of the isomers considered. C1 [Erxleben, Nathan D.; Urban, Joseph J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kedziora, Gary S.] Engility Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM urban@usna.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program; Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center FX Support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Office of Naval Research (via midshipmen research funds administered by the USNA Research Office), the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, and the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center is gratefully acknowledged. GSK wishes to acknowledge the kind mentorship of Isaiah Shavitt, who taught him many-body methods in electronic structure theory, helped him sharpen his thinking and writing, and demonstrated the importance of attention to detail. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X EI 1432-2234 J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD MAY 14 PY 2014 VL 133 IS 7 AR 1491 DI 10.1007/s00214-014-1491-8 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AH6SN UT WOS:000336261100001 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Antolini, E Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bonamente, E Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F De Palma, F Dermer, CD Silva, EDE Donato, D Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Finke, J Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hayashida, M Hewitt, JW Horan, D Hughes, RE Iafrate, G Johnson, AS Knoedlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orienti, M Orlando, E Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Sanchez, DA Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, DL Wood, KS Aleksic, J Ansoldi, S Antonelli, LA Antoranz, P Babic, A Bangale, P de Almeida, UB Barrio, JA Gonzalez, JB Bednarek, W Berger, K Bernardini, E Biland, A Blanch, O Bock, RK Bonnefoy, S Bonnoli, G Borracci, F Bretz, T Carmona, E Carosi, A Fidalgo, DC Colin, P Colombo, E Contreras, JL Cortina, J Covino, S Da Vela, P Dazzi, F De Angelis, A De Caneva, G De Lotto, B Mendez, CD Doert, M Dominguez, A Prester, DD Dorner, D Doro, M Einecke, S Eisenacher, D Elsaesser, D Farina, E Ferenc, D Fonseca, MV Font, L Frantzen, K Fruck, C Lopez, RJG Garczarczyk, M Terrats, DG Gaug, M Giavitto, G Godinovic, N Munoz, AG Gozzini, SR Hadasch, D Herrero, A Hildebrand, D Hose, J Hrupec, D Idec, W Kadenius, V Kellermann, H Knoetig, ML Kodani, K Konno, Y Krause, J Kubo, H Kushida, J La Barbera, A Lelas, D Lewandowska, N Lindfors, E Lombardi, S Lopez, M Lopez-Coto, R Lopez-Oramas, A Lorenz, E Lozano, I Makariev, M Mallot, K Maneva, G Mankuzhiyil, N Mannheim, K Maraschi, L Marcote, B Mariotti, M Martinez, M Mazin, D Menzel, U Meucci, M Miranda, JM Mirzoyan, R Moralejo, A Munar-Adrover, P Nakajima, D Niedzwiecki, A Nishijima, K Nilsson, K Nowak, N Orito, R Overkemping, A Paiano, S Palatiello, M Paneque, D Paoletti, R Paredes, JM Paredes-Fortuny, X Partini, S Persic, M Prada, F Moroni, PGP Prandini, E Preziuso, S Puljak, I Reinthal, R Rhode, W Ribo, M Rico, J Garcia, JR Rugamer, S Saggion, A Saito, T Saito, K Salvati, M Satalecka, K Scalzotto, V Scapin, V Schultz, C Schweizer, T Shore, SN Sillanpaa, A Sitarek, J Snidaric, I Sobczynska, D Spanier, F Stamatescu, V Stamerra, A Steinbring, T Storz, J Sun, S Suric, T Takalo, L Takami, H Tavecchio, F Temnikov, P Terzic, T Tescaro, D Teshima, M Thaele, J Tibolla, O Toyama, T Treves, A Vogler, P Wagner, RM Zandanel, F Zanin, R Aller, MF Angelakis, E Blinov, DA Djorgovski, SG Drake, AJ Efimova, NV Gurwell, MA Homan, DC Jordan, B Kopatskaya, EN Kovalev, YY Kurtanidze, OM Lahteenmaki, A Larionov, VM Lister, ML Nieppola, E Nikolashvili, MG Ros, E Savolainen, T Sigua, LA Tornikoski, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Antolini, E. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bonamente, E. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. De Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. do Couto e Silva, E. Donato, D. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Finke, J. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hayashida, M. Hewitt, J. W. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Iafrate, G. Johnson, A. S. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sanchez, D. A. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, D. L. Wood, K. S. Aleksic, J. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L. A. Antoranz, P. Babic, A. Bangale, P. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J. A. Becerra Gonzalez, J. Bednarek, W. Berger, K. Bernardini, E. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bock, R. K. Bonnefoy, S. Bonnoli, G. Borracci, F. Bretz, T. Carmona, E. Carosi, A. Fidalgo, D. Carreto Colin, P. Colombo, E. Contreras, J. L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Caneva, G. De Lotto, B. Mendez, C. Delgado Doert, M. Dominguez, A. Prester, D. Dominis Dorner, D. Doro, M. Einecke, S. Eisenacher, D. Elsaesser, D. 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Rico, J. Garcia, J. Rodriguez Ruegamer, S. Saggion, A. Saito, T. Saito, K. Salvati, M. Satalecka, K. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, V. Schultz, C. Schweizer, T. Shore, S. N. Sillanpaeae, A. Sitarek, J. Snidaric, I. Sobczynska, D. Spanier, F. Stamatescu, V. Stamerra, A. Steinbring, T. Storz, J. Sun, S. Suric, T. Takalo, L. Takami, H. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzic, T. Tescaro, D. Teshima, M. Thaele, J. Tibolla, O. Toyama, T. Treves, A. Vogler, P. Wagner, R. M. Zandanel, F. Zanin, R. Aller, M. F. Angelakis, E. Blinov, D. A. Djorgovski, S. G. Drake, A. J. Efimova, N. V. Gurwell, M. A. Homan, D. C. Jordan, B. Kopatskaya, E. N. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kurtanidze, O. M. Laehteenmaeki, A. Larionov, V. M. Lister, M. L. Nieppola, E. Nikolashvili, M. G. Ros, E. Savolainen, T. Sigua, L. A. Tornikoski, M. CA Fermi Large Area Telescope Collab MAGIC Collaboration TI MULTIFREQUENCY STUDIES OF THE PECULIAR QUASAR 4C+21.35 DURING THE 2010 FLARING ACTIVITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; gamma rays: general; quasars: general; quasars: individual (4C +21.35); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID RAY BRIGHT BLAZARS; BLACK-HOLE MASS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; SPECTRUM RADIO QUASARS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAY; GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; EMISSION-LINE AB The discovery of rapidly variable Very High Energy ( VHE; E > 100 GeV). - ray emission from 4C + 21.35 ( PKS 1222+ 216) by MAGIC on 2010 June 17, triggered by the high activity detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope ( LAT) in high energy ( HE; E > 100 MeV). - rays, poses intriguing questions on the location of the. - ray emitting region in this flat spectrum radio quasar. We present multifrequency data of 4C + 21.35 collected from centimeter to VHE during 2010 to investigate the properties of this source and discuss a possible emission model. The first hint of detection at VHE was observed by MAGIC on 2010 May 3, soon after a gamma- ray flare detected by Fermi-LAT that peaked on April 29. The same emission mechanism may therefore be responsible for both the HE and VHE emission during the 2010 flaring episodes. Two optical peaks were detected on 2010 April 20 and June 30, close in time but not simultaneous with the two gamma- ray peaks, while no clear connection was observed between the X-ray and gamma- ray emission. An increasing flux density was observed in radio and mm bands from the beginning of 2009, in accordance with the increasing gamma- ray activity observed by Fermi-LAT, and peaking on 2011 January 27 in the mm regime ( 230 GHz). We model the spectral energy distributions ( SEDs) of 4C + 21.35 for the two periods of the VHE detection and a quiescent state, using a one-zone model with the emission coming from a very compact region outside the broad line region. The three SEDs can be fit with a combination of synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton emission of seed photons from a dust torus, changing only the electron distribution parameters between the epochs. The fit of the optical/UV part of the spectrum for 2010 April 29 seems to favor an inner disk radius of < six gravitational radii, as one would expect from a prograde-rotating Kerr black hole. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.; Bernardini, E.; De Caneva, G.; Gozzini, S. R.; Mallot, K.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Allafort, A.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. 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Y.; Ros, E.; Savolainen, T.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Blinov, D. A.; Efimova, N. V.; Larionov, V. M.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Djorgovski, S. G.; Drake, A. J.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Efimova, N. V.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Larionov, V. M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Homan, D. C.] Denison Univ, Dept Phys, Granville, OH 43023 USA. [Jordan, B.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Kovalev, Y. Y.] Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Kurtanidze, O. M.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Sigua, L. A.] Abastumani Observ, GE-0301 Abastumani, Rep of Georgia. [Kurtanidze, O. M.] Kazan Fed Univ, Engelhardt Astron Observ, Tatarstan, Russia. [Laehteenmaeki, A.; Nieppola, E.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. [Lister, M. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nieppola, E.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, FI-21500 Piikio, Finland. [Ros, E.] Univ Valencia, E-46010 Valencia, Spain. [Larionov, V. M.] St Petersburg Branch, Isaac Newton Inst Chile, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM dammando@ira.inaf.it; justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil; davide.donato-1@nasa.gov; tterzic@uniri.hr; jbecerragonzalez@gmail.com RI Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/I-2004-2015; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/K-7255-2014; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Maneva, Galina/L-7120-2016; Makariev, Martin/M-2122-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; Martinez Rodriguez, Manel/C-2539-2017; Cortina, Juan/C-2783-2017; Ribo, Marc/B-3579-2015; Antoranz, Pedro/H-5095-2015; Miranda, Jose Miguel/F-2913-2013; Delgado, Carlos/K-7587-2014; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Blinov, Dmitry/G-9925-2013; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Stamatescu, Victor/C-9945-2016; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Fernandez, Ester/K-9734-2014; Lopez Moya, Marcos/L-2304-2014; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014; Font, Lluis/L-4197-2014; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/M-2916-2014; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Babic, Ana/B-9599-2014; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Rico, Javier/K-8004-2014; OI Bonnoli, Giacomo/0000-0003-2464-9077; Doro, Michele/0000-0001-9104-3214; Stamerra, Antonio/0000-0002-9430-5264; Prandini, Elisa/0000-0003-4502-9053; Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa/0000-0002-6729-9022; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Prada Moroni, Pier Giorgio/0000-0001-9712-9916; LA BARBERA, ANTONINO/0000-0002-5880-8913; Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/0000-0003-2235-0725; De Lotto, Barbara/0000-0003-3624-4480; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Savolainen, Tuomas/0000-0001-6214-1085; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/0000-0001-7282-2394; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; Cortina, Juan/0000-0003-4576-0452; Iafrate, Giulia/0000-0002-6185-8292; Antoranz, Pedro/0000-0002-3015-3601; Miranda, Jose Miguel/0000-0002-1472-9690; Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-7014-4101; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; Blinov, Dmitry/0000-0003-0611-5784; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Stamatescu, Victor/0000-0001-9030-7513; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Lopez Moya, Marcos/0000-0002-8791-7908; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877; Font, Lluis/0000-0003-2109-5961; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/0000-0002-1344-9080; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Babic, Ana/0000-0001-9549-9710; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Rico, Javier/0000-0003-4137-1134; Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507; Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tavecchio, Fabrizio/0000-0003-0256-0995; Persic, Massimo/0000-0003-1853-4900; Dominguez, Alberto/0000-0002-3433-4610; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Farina, Emanuele Paolo/0000-0002-6822-2254; Ribo, Marc/0000-0002-9931-4557; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Ahnen, Max Ludwig/0000-0003-1000-0082 FU CPAN [CSD2007- 00042]; MultiDark [CSD2009-00064] FX MAGIC Collaboration would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de losMuchachos in La Palma. The support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN, the Swiss National Fund SNF, and the Spanish MICINN is gratefully acknowledged. Thisworkwas also supported by the CPAN CSD2007- 00042 and MultiDark CSD2009-00064 projects of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme, by grant 127740 of the Academy of Finland, by the DFG Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe," by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, and by the Polish MNiSzW grant 745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0. We thank the Swift team for making these observations possible, the duty scientists, and science planners. This research has made use of data from the MOJAVE database that is maintained by the MOJAVE team (Lister et al. 2009, AJ, 137, 3718). The MOJAVE project is supported under NASA-Fermi grant 11-Fermi11-0019. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator (Deller et al. 2011, PASP, 123, 275), developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under license. The OVRO 40-m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G, and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. This paper is partly based on observations with the 100m telescope of the MPIfR ( Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg and the Medicina telescope operated by INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia. We acknowledge A. Orlati, S. Righini, and the Enhanced Single-dish Control System (ESCS) Development Team. We acknowledge financial contribution from agreement ASI-INAF I/009/10/0. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. Data from the Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project were used. This program is supported by Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09AU10G, and NNX12AO93G. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation, grants 12-02-00452 and 12-02-31193. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support of the project FR/638/6-320/12 by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract 31/77. The Metsahovi team acknowledges support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, and others). E. R. was partially supported by the Spanish MINECO projectsAYA2009-13036-C02-02 and AYA2012-38491-C02-01 and by the Generalitat Valenciana project PROMETEO/2009/104, as well as by the COST MP0905 action " Black Holes in a Violent Universe." Y.Y.K. was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 13-02-12103) and the Dynasty Foundation. We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions. J.F. would like to thank J. Steiner for useful discussions regarding the black hole spin of 4C+21.35. F. D. thanks P. Smith for useful discussions about the polarimetric observations of 4C +21.35. NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2014 VL 786 IS 2 AR 157 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/786/2/157 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH1MI UT WOS:000335884500080 ER PT J AU Alidoust, M Halterman, K AF Alidoust, Mohammad Halterman, Klaus TI Spin-controlled coexistence of 0 and pi states in SFSFS Josephson junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR-FERROMAGNET STRUCTURES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERCURRENTS; EQUATION; EXCHANGE; DEVICES AB Using the Keldysh-Usadel formalism, we theoretically study the 0-pi transition profiles and current-phase relations of magnetic SFSFS and SFSFFS Josephson nanojunctions in the diffusive regime. By allowing the magnetizations of the ferromagnetic layers to take arbitrary orientations, the strength and direction of the charge supercurrent flowing through the ferromagnetic regions can be controlled via the magnetization rotation in one of the ferromagnetic layers. Depending on the junction parameters, we find opposite current flowin the ferromagnetic layers, revealing that, remarkably, such configurations possess well-controlled 0 and pi states simultaneously, creating a three-terminal 0-pi spin switch. We demonstrate that the spin-controlled 0-pi profiles trace back to the proximity induced odd-frequency superconducting correlations generated by the ferromagnetic layers. It is also shown that the spin-switching effect can be more pronounced in SFSFFS structures. The current-phase relations reveal the important role of the middle S electrode, where the spin-controlled supercurrent depends crucially on its thickness and phase differences with the outer S terminals. C1 [Alidoust, Mohammad] Univ Isfahan, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Esfahan 8174673441, Iran. [Halterman, Klaus] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Alidoust, M (reprint author), Univ Isfahan, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Hezar Jerib Ave, Esfahan 8174673441, Iran. EM phymalidoust@gmail.com; klaus.halterman@navy.mil OI Alidoust, Mohammad/0000-0002-1554-687X FU ONR; DOD HPCMP FX M.A. thanks G. Sewell for valuable discussions in numerical parts of this work. K.H. was supported in part by ONR and by a grant of supercomputer resources provided by the DOD HPCMP. NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 9 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 19 AR 195111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.195111 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AH3DB UT WOS:000336000400001 ER PT J AU Jara, AA Safranski, C Krivorotov, IN Wu, CT Malmi-Kakkada, AN Valls, OT Halterman, K AF Jara, Alejandro A. Safranski, Christopher Krivorotov, Ilya N. Wu, Chien-Te Malmi-Kakkada, Abdul N. Valls, Oriol T. Halterman, Klaus TI Angular dependence of superconductivity in superconductor/spin-valve heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET; TEMPERATURE; SUPERCURRENTS; JUNCTION; BILAYERS; NB AB We report measurements of the superconducting transition temperature, T-c, in CoO/Co/Cu/Co/Nb multilayers as a function of the angle a between the magnetic moments of the Co layers. Our measurements reveal that T-c(alpha) is a nonmonotonic function, with a minimum near alpha = pi/2. Numerical self- consistent solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations quantitatively and accurately describe the behavior of T-c as a function of alpha and layer thicknesses in these superconductor/spin-valve heterostructures. We show that experimental data and theoretical evidence agree in relating T-c (alpha) to enhanced penetration of the triplet component of the condensate into the Co/Cu/Co spin valve in the maximally noncollinear magnetic configuration. C1 [Jara, Alejandro A.; Safranski, Christopher; Krivorotov, Ilya N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wu, Chien-Te; Malmi-Kakkada, Abdul N.; Valls, Oriol T.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halterman, Klaus] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Labs, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Jara, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM otvalls@umn.edu; klaus.halterman@navy.mil RI Jara, Alejandro/L-2030-2013; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 FU IARPA [N66001-12-1-2023]; US-Chile Equal Opportunities Scholarship from FULBRIGHT-CONICYT; Dissertation Fellowship from the University of Minnesota Graduate School FX This work was supported by IARPA under Grant No. N66001-12-1-2023. A.A.J. acknowledges support from a US-Chile Equal Opportunities Scholarship from FULBRIGHT-CONICYT. C.-T.W. acknowledges support from a Dissertation Fellowship from the University of Minnesota Graduate School. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 8 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 18 AR 184502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.184502 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AG6NF UT WOS:000335534600003 ER PT J AU Burgy, CD ElBidweihy, H Della Torre, E AF Burgy, C. D. ElBidweihy, H. Della Torre, E. TI Application of a Della Torre-Oti-Kadar stress-dependent Preisach model through a numerical model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 04-08, 2013 CL Denver, CO AB Many magnetomechanical models fit the data sets, they were originally developed from very well but are not transportable to different data sets or geometries. In order to test the portability of a previously developed Della Torre-Oti-Kadar (DOK) stress-dependent Preisach model for high strength steels, a numerical model was implemented to replicate data taken on a non-trivial geometry made of the same material. The data used for comparison were measured previously by the National Institute of Standards and Technology on a toroidal-like sample which allowed for the simultaneous application of longitudinal stresses and transverse magnetic fields. The geometry was modeled in a finite element modeling package and coupled with a DOK model via material parameters. A coupling framework was developed and B-H loops were modeled and compared to the NIST data available with some agreement. In the future, this modeling approach will be extended to incorporate more complex field and stress interactions and applied to additional data sets as available. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Burgy, C. D.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Burgy, C. D.; ElBidweihy, H.; Della Torre, E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Burgy, CD (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM christopher.burgy@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 17 AR 17D112 DI 10.1063/1.4862518 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG8BO UT WOS:000335643700390 ER PT J AU ElBidweihy, H Della Torre, E Burgy, CD AF ElBidweihy, H. Della Torre, E. Burgy, C. D. TI Hysteresis modeling of sequential application of orthogonal fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 04-08, 2013 CL Denver, CO ID HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; PREISACH AB In a cumulative effort to characterize the sizes, shapes, and distributions of the domains of the structurally superior high strength steels, a characteristic magnetization measurement and a Preisach model are presented to explain and model the distinctive trends observed in the data. The study investigates the effect of a constant transverse magnetic field and a cycling longitudinal magnetic field, applied sequentially, on the major hysteresis loop of solid cylinders of high strength steel. A coupled-hysteron vector Preisach model is extended to model the longitudinal magnetization of the samples under the effect of an applied transverse field. Insights about the microstructure of the rods and the contribution of different domains and magnetization mechanisms to the magnetic response are drawn. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [ElBidweihy, H.; Della Torre, E.; Burgy, C. D.] George Washington Univ, Deptartment Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Burgy, C. D.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP ElBidweihy, H (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Deptartment Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM hatem@gwmail.gwu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 17 AR 17D106 DI 10.1063/1.4852057 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG8BO UT WOS:000335643700384 ER PT J AU Glasbrenner, JK Pujari, BS Belashchenko, KD AF Glasbrenner, J. K. Pujari, B. S. Belashchenko, K. D. TI Deviations from Matthiessen's rule and resistivity saturation effects in Gd and Fe from first principles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEBYE-WALLER FACTORS; RARE-EARTH-METALS; SUBSTITUTIONALLY DISORDERED ALLOYS; PURE CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; MEAN-FREE-PATH; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; IMPURITY RESISTANCE; CONDUCTION ELECTRONS; LATTICE-RELAXATION; NOBLE-METALS AB According to earlier first-principles calculations, the spin-disorder contribution to the resistivity of rare-earth metals in the paramagnetic state is strongly underestimated if Matthiessen's rule is assumed to hold. To understand this discrepancy, the resistivity of paramagnetic Fe and Gd is evaluated by taking into account both spin and phonon disorder. Calculations are performed using the supercell approach within the linear muffin-tin orbital method. Phonon disorder is modeled by introducing random displacements of the atomic nuclei, and the results are compared with the case of fictitious Anderson disorder. In both cases, the resistivity shows a nonlinear dependence on the square of the disorder potential, which is interpreted as a resistivity saturation effect. This effect is much stronger in Gd than in Fe. The nonlinearity makes the phonon and spin-disorder contributions to the resistivity nonadditive, and the standard procedure of extracting the spin-disorder resistivity by extrapolation from high temperatures becomes ambiguous. An "apparent" spin-disorder resistivity obtained through such extrapolation is in much better agreement with experiment compared to the results obtained by considering only spin disorder. By analyzing the spectral function of the paramagnetic Gd in the presence of Anderson disorder, the resistivity saturation is explained by the collapse of a large area of the Fermi surface due to the disorder-induced mixing between the electron and hole sheets. C1 [Glasbrenner, J. K.; Pujari, B. S.; Belashchenko, K. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Glasbrenner, J. K.; Pujari, B. S.; Belashchenko, K. D.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Belashchenko, K. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Glasbrenner, JK (reprint author), CNR, Naval Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008; Glasbrenner, James/K-5614-2015 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490; Glasbrenner, James/0000-0003-2198-2309 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1005642]; Nebraska MRSEC [DMR-0820521]; NSF [PHY11-25915] FX We are grateful to J. Bass for a useful discussion. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grants No. DMR-1005642, the Nebraska MRSEC (DMR-0820521), and NSF PHY11-25915. Computations were performed utilizing the Holland Computing Center at the University of Nebraska. NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 7 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 17 AR 174408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.174408 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AG6WQ UT WOS:000335559900002 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Bagnell, ME Schaller, E Boyko, EJ Smith, B Maynard, C Ulmer, CS Vernalis, M Smith, TC AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Bagnell, Melissa E. Schaller, Emma Boyko, Edward J. Smith, Besa Maynard, Charles Ulmer, Christi S. Vernalis, Marina Smith, Tyler C. TI Impact of Combat Deployment and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Newly Reported Coronary Heart Disease Among US Active Duty and Reserve Forces SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; epidemiology; etiology; heart diseases; stress ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SELF-REPORT; MENTAL-DISORDERS; MILITARY SERVICE; PTSD CHECKLIST; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS AB Background The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have exposed thousands of service members to intense stress, and as a result, many have developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of military deployment experiences and PTSD in coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well defined, especially in young US service members with recent combat exposure. Methods and Results We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate the relationships between wartime experiences, PTSD, and CHD. Current and former US military personnel from all service branches participating in the Millennium Cohort Study during 2001 to 2008 (n=60 025) were evaluated for newly self-reported CHD. Electronic medical record review for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for CHD was conducted among a subpopulation of active duty members (n=23 794). Logistic regression models examined the associations between combat experiences and PTSD with CHD with adjustment for established CHD risk factors. A total of 627 participants (1.0%) newly reported CHD over an average of 5.6 years of follow-up. Deployers with combat experiences had an increased odds of newly reporting CHD (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.40) and having a diagnosis code for new-onset CHD (odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-2.84) compared with noncombat deployers. Screening positive for PTSD symptoms was associated with self-reported CHD before but not after adjustment for depression and anxiety and was not associated with a new diagnosis code for CHD. Conclusions Combat deployments are associated with new-onset CHD among young US service members and veterans. Experiences of intense stress may increase the risk for CHD over a relatively short period among young adults. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Bagnell, Melissa E.; Schaller, Emma; Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.; Maynard, Charles] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Ulmer, Christi S.] Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Vernalis, Marina] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM nancy32red@yahoo.com RI Maynard, Charles/N-3906-2015 OI Maynard, Charles/0000-0002-1644-7814 FU Department of Defense [60002]; Military Operational Medicine Research Program, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (Fort Detrick, MD); Office of Naval Research (Arlington, VA); Department of Veterans Affairs' Health Services Research and Development (HSRD) [09-218]; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound FX The present study was supported by the Department of Defense under work unit No. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects (protocol NHRC.2000.0007). The Millennium Cohort Study is funded through the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (Fort Detrick, MD). Additional funding was received from the Office of Naval Research (Arlington, VA). Dr Ulmer was supported by a Department of Veterans Affairs' Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) career development award 09-218. Veterans Affairs Puget Sound provided support for Drs Boyko and Maynard's participation in this research. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 EI 1524-4539 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 129 IS 18 BP 1813 EP 1820 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005407 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AG4CS UT WOS:000335367500008 PM 24619462 ER PT J AU Fragiadakis, D Roland, CM AF Fragiadakis, D. Roland, C. M. TI Dynamic correlations and heterogeneity in the primary and secondary relaxations of a model molecular liquid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS; GLASS-TRANSITION; BETA-RELAXATION; ALPHA; MOBILITY AB Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on a series of Lennard-Jones binary mixtures of rigid, asymmetric, dumbbell-shaped molecules. Below an onset temperature, the rotational and translational dynamics split into the slow structural a relaxation and a higher-frequency Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation. Both processes are dynamically heterogeneous, having broad distributions of relaxation times. However, only the a relaxation shows strong dynamic correlations; correlations at the beta time scale are weak, in particular for molecules having shorter bonds. Despite the close connection between the two processes, we find no correlation between the a and beta relaxation times of individual molecules; that is, a molecule exhibiting slow beta motion does not necessarily undergo slow alpha dynamics and likewise for fast molecules. However, the single-molecule a relaxation times do correlate with both the alpha and beta relaxation strengths. C1 [Fragiadakis, D.; Roland, C. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fragiadakis, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 052304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.052304 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AH2BZ UT WOS:000335927000002 PM 25353797 ER PT J AU Knight, DA Nita, R Moore, M Zabetakis, D Khandelwal, M Martin, BD Fontana, J Goldberg, E Funk, AR Chang, EL Trammell, SA AF Knight, D. Andrew Nita, Rafaela Moore, Martin Zabetakis, Dan Khandelwal, Manish Martin, Brett D. Fontana, Jake Goldberg, Efram Funk, Aaron R. Chang, Eddie L. Trammell, Scott A. TI Surface plasmon resonance promotion of homogeneous catalysis using a gold nanoparticle platform SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Catalysis; Organophosphate esters; Copper complexes ID METAL-COMPLEXES; HYDROLYSIS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; TRIESTERS; OXIDATION; PARATHION; METHANOL; RELEASE; LIGANDS AB Reaction of 10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a thiol-functionalized bipyridine copper(II) complex, Cu[(N-(6-mercaptohexyl)-2,2'-bipyridinyl-5-carboxamide)]Cl-2 (3), and (1-mercaptohex-6-yl)tri(ethylene glycol) (5) in different ratios resulted in mixed monolayer modified NPs with varying surface coverage of capping agent. The copper complex modified NPs were used for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) promoted homogeneous catalysis applied to the hydrolysis of the nerve agent methyl parathion (MeP) at pH 8.0. Low power green laser (532 nm) irradiation of solutions of modified AuNPs with MeP resulted in significant increase in the rate of phosphate ester hydrolysis which could not be attributed to a thermal process. Ratios of initial rates (laser/dark) at high substrate concentrations of MeP as a function of copper catalyst coverage were determined. A possible mechanism for catalytic enhancement involving dissociation of catalytically inactive hydroxy-bridged Cu(II) dimer is discussed. C1 [Knight, D. Andrew; Nita, Rafaela; Khandelwal, Manish; Goldberg, Efram; Funk, Aaron R.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Moore, Martin; Zabetakis, Dan; Martin, Brett D.; Fontana, Jake; Chang, Eddie L.; Trammell, Scott A.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 West Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM aknight@fit.edu; scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR) [B102405M, B112542M, HDTRA121284, HDTRA136555]; American Society of Engineering Education; Office of Naval Research FX This work received support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR #B102405M, B112542M, HDTRA121284 and HDTRA136555). D.A.K is grateful to the American Society of Engineering Education and Office of Naval Research for a Distinguished Faculty Fellowship. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 16 IS 6 AR 2400 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2400-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AG8KD UT WOS:000335666400001 ER PT J AU Sutto, TE AF Sutto, Thomas E. TI One-Step Bulk Synthesis of Stable, Near Unit-Cell Sized Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Blends Using KO2 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING AB Presented here is a novel one-step synthesis of oxide or hydroxide nanoparticles using, for the first time, potassium superoxide (KO2). This work demonstrates that the reaction of KO2 with different salt solutions produces grams of stable, near unit-cell sized nanoparticles. This new synthetic technique is applied to representative elements from across the periodic table to rapidly produce nanometer sized oxides or hydroxides of Mg, Al, Y, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, TI, Pb, and Ce. This technique is also used to produce blends of nanoparticles, demonstrating the ability to prepare complex materials such as nanoparticulate blends of a lithium cathode material (LiCoO2), the multiferroic compound (BiMnO3+delta), and the superconducting YBa(2)Cu(3)O7(-y). C1 Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.sutto@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 5 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4570 EP 4578 DI 10.1021/ic500252c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AG6RZ UT WOS:000335547400037 PM 24724979 ER PT J AU Martinez-Miranda, LJ Taylor, JW Kurihara, LK AF Martinez-Miranda, L. J. Taylor, Jefferson W. Kurihara, Lynn K. TI Liquid Crystals Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Applications: Structural Properties SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE polarized microscopy; photovoltaics; X-ray scattering; Liquid crystal nanocomposites ID HYBRID SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT AB Nanocomposites consisting of liquid crystals and nanoparticles have been studied for their applications in devices, such as photovoltaics and to model biological devices. Understanding the structure the liquid crystal assumes in the vicinity of the nanoparticles, and how it compares to the bulk structure of the liquid crystals gives us an idea of how light, and electrons are transmitted from the liquid crystal to the nanoparticle and how sharp is this transmission. The structure depends on the functionalization (or lack of it) that the nanoparticle has and seems to reflect the faceting or the arrangement of the nanoparticle. C1 [Martinez-Miranda, L. J.; Taylor, Jefferson W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Martinez-Miranda, L. J.] Univ Maryland, Energy Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kurihara, Lynn K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Martinez-Miranda, LJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ljmm@umd.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 EI 1563-5287 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PD MAY 3 PY 2014 VL 594 IS 1 SI SI BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1080/15421406.2014.917495 PG 5 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA AQ0XM UT WOS:000342506000013 ER PT J AU Keith, DJ Schaeffer, BA Lunetta, RS Gould, RW Rocha, K Cobb, DJ AF Keith, Darryl J. Schaeffer, Blake A. Lunetta, Ross S. Gould, Richard W., Jr. Rocha, Kenneth Cobb, Donald J. TI Remote sensing of selected water-quality indicators with the hyperspectral imager for the coastal ocean (HICO) sensor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; TURBID PRODUCTIVE WATERS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TAMPA-BAY; SEMIANALYTICAL MODEL; LEAVING RADIANCE; COLOR ALGORITHMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLYDE SEA AB The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) offers the coastal environmental monitoring community an unprecedented opportunity to observe changes in coastal and estuarine water quality across a range of spatial scales not feasible with traditional field-based monitoring or existing ocean colour satellites. HICO, an Office of Naval Research-sponsored programme, is the first space-based maritime hyperspectral imaging instrument designed specifically for the coastal ocean. HICO has been operating since September 2009 from the Japanese Experiment Module - Exposed Facility on the International Space Station (ISS). The high pixel resolution (approximately 95m at nadir) and hyperspectral imaging capability offer a unique opportunity for characterizing a wide range of water colour constituents that could be used to assess environmental condition. In this study, we transform atmospherically corrected ISS/HICO hyperspectral imagery and derive environmental response variables routinely used for evaluating the environmental condition of coastal ecosystem resources. Using atmospherically corrected HICO imagery and a comprehensive field validation programme, three regionally specific algorithms were developed to estimate basic water-quality properties traditionally measured by monitoring agencies. Results indicated that a three-band chlorophyll a algorithm performed best (R-2=0.62) when compared with in situ measurement data collected 2-4hours of HICO acquisitions. Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (R-2=0.93) and turbidity (R-2=0.67) were also highly correlated. The distributions of these water-quality indicators were mapped for four estuaries along the northwest coast of Florida from April 2010 to May 2012. However, before the HICO sensor can be transitioned from proof-of-concept to operational status and its data applied to benefit decisions made by coastal managers, problems with vicarious calibration of the sensor need to be resolved and standardized protocols are required for atmospheric correction. Ideally, the sensor should be placed on a polar orbiting platform for greater spatial and temporal coverage as well as for image synchronization with field validation efforts. C1 [Keith, Darryl J.; Rocha, Kenneth; Cobb, Donald J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Lunetta, Ross S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gould, Richard W., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Bioopt Phys Proc & Remote Sensing Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Keith, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM keith.darryl@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (ORD) under the Pathfinder Innovation Program; Safe and Sustainable Waters Research Program FX This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (ORD) under the Pathfinder Innovation Program and supported by the Safe and Sustainable Waters Research Program. NR 74 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 3 PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2927 EP 2962 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.894663 PG 36 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AF7OU UT WOS:000334905200001 ER PT J AU Rallapalli, SK Namjoshi, OA Tiruyeedhula, VVNPB Deschamps, JR Cook, JM AF Rallapalli, Sundari K. Namjoshi, Ojas A. Tiruyeedhula, V. V. N. Phani Babu Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cook, James M. TI Stereospecific Total Synthesis of the Indole Alkaloid Ervincidine. Establishment of the C-6 Hydroxyl Stereochemistry SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOSPECIFIC TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; GENERAL-APPROACH; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; SARPAGINE; (+)-VELLOSIMINE; OXIDATION; ACID; WELL AB The total synthesis of the indole alkaloid ervincidine (3) is reported. This research provides a general entry into C-6 hydroxy-substituted indole alkaloids with either an alpha or a beta configuration. This study corrects the errors in Glasby's book (Glasby, J. S. Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids; Plenum Press: New York, 1975) and Lounasmaa et al.'s review (Lounasmaa, M.; Hanhinen, P.; Westersund, M. In The Alkaloids; Cordell, G. A., Ed.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1999; Vol. 52, pp 103-195) as well as clarifies the work of Yunusov et al. (Malikov, V. M.; Sharipov, M. R.; Yunusov, S. Yu. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 1972, 8, 760-761. Rakhimov, D. A.; Sharipov, M. R.; Aripov, Kh. N.; Malikov, V. M.; Shakirov, T. T.; Yunusov, S. Yu. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 1970, 6, 724-725). It establishes the correct absolute configuration of the C-6 hydroxyl function in ervincidine. This serves as a structure proof and corrects the misassigned structure reported in the literature. C1 [Rallapalli, Sundari K.; Namjoshi, Ojas A.; Tiruyeedhula, V. V. N. Phani Babu; Cook, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu FU NIDA-NRL Interagency [Y1-DA1101] FX We wish to acknowledge the NIMH (in part) and the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation for support of this work. X-ray crystallographic studies were carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory and supported by NIDA-NRL Interagency Agreement Number Y1-DA1101. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2014 VL 79 IS 9 BP 3776 EP 3780 DI 10.1021/jo402692u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AG5WZ UT WOS:000335490700005 PM 24697213 ER PT J AU Fontana, J Spillmann, C Naciri, J Ratna, BR AF Fontana, Jake Spillmann, Christopher Naciri, Jawad Ratna, Banahalli R. TI A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates SO Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments LA English DT Article DE Chemistry; Issue 87; phase transfer; nanoparticle; self-assembly; bottom-up; fabrication; low-cost; monolayer; thin film; nanostructure; array; metamaterial ID AU NANOPARTICLES; METAMATERIALS; INDEX AB This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles(1,2). The simple, robust and scalable technique efficiently functionalizes metallic nanoparticles with thiol-ligands in a miscible water/organic solvent mixture allowing for rapid grafting of thiol groups onto the gold nanoparticle surface. The hydrophobic ligands on the nanoparticles then quickly phase separate the nanoparticles from the aqueous based suspension and confine them to the air-fluid interface. This drives the ligand-capped nanoparticles to form monolayer domains at the air-fluid interface. The use of water-miscible organic solvents is important as it enables the transport of the nanoparticles from the interface onto template-free substrates. The flow is mediated by a surface tension gradient(3,4) and creates macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle-ligand films. This self-assembly technique may be generalized to include the use of particles of different compositions, size, and shape and may lead to an efficient assembly method to produce low-cost, macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle films for wide-spread applications. C1 [Fontana, Jake; Spillmann, Christopher; Naciri, Jawad; Ratna, Banahalli R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fontana, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jake.fontana.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported with funding provided from the Office of Naval Research. J. Fontana acknowledges the National Research Council for a postdoctoral associateship. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD MAY PY 2014 IS 87 AR e51282 DI 10.3791/51282 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA4VV UT WOS:000348905400027 ER PT J AU Pavkov, M Morabito, M AF Pavkov, Mark Morabito, Morabito TI Experimental Investigation of Trimaran Models in Shallow Water SO JOURNAL OF SHIP PRODUCTION AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamics (hull form); muti-hulls; maneuvering; shallow water AB Experiments were conducted at the U.S. Naval Academy's Hydromechanics Laboratory to determine the effect of finite water depth on the resistance, heave, and trim of two different trimaran models. The models were tested at the same length to water depth ratios over a range of Froude numbers in the displacement speed regime. The models were also towed in deep water for comparison. Additionally, the side hulls were adjusted to two different longitudinal positions to investigate possible differences resulting from position. Near critical speed, a large increase in resistance and sinkage was observed, consistent with observations of conventional displacement hulls. The data from the two models are scaled up to a notional 125-m length to illustrate the effects that would be observed for actual ships similar in size to the U.S. Navy's Independence Class Littoral Combat Ship. Faired plots are developed to allow for rapid estimation of shallow water effect on trimaran resistance and under keel clearance. An example is provided. C1 [Pavkov, Mark; Morabito, Morabito] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pavkov, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 2158-2866 EI 2158-2874 J9 J SHIP PROD DES JI J. Ship Prod. Des. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.5957/JSPD.30.2.130056 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA AW1GA UT WOS:000346037100003 ER PT J AU Lee, E Pavkov, M McCue-Weil, L AF Lee, Evan Pavkov, Mark McCue-Weil, Leigh TI The Systematic Variation of Step Configuration and Displacement for a Double-step Planing Craft SO JOURNAL OF SHIP PRODUCTION AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE high speed craft; planing; model testing AB A model test was conducted to provide a systematic understanding of the effects that displacement and step location have on the performance of a stepped planing hull. Seven different step configurations were tested at three different displacements and over a range of four different speeds in calm water. Of all the configurations tested, the stepped hull configurations showed reduced resistance compared with the unstepped hull. The configuration with the smallest step height forward and the largest step height aft showed the least amount of drag over the speed range tested. The increased displacements had the same effect on craft performance for both the stepped and unstepped hulls. C1 [Lee, Evan] Naval Surface Warfarce Ctr, Carderock Div, Virginia Beach, VA 23461 USA. [Pavkov, Mark] US Naval Acad, Hydromech Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McCue-Weil, Leigh] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lee, E (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfarce Ctr, Carderock Div, Virginia Beach, VA 23461 USA. FU NSWCCD; ONR [N00014-08-1-0695] FX We thank Mr. Steve Brandis for his assistance in the construction of the model. We also thank Dr. Michael Morabito and Mr. John Zscelesky for their advice during the model test. The project was funded by NSWCCD as an Independent Applied Research project, Project Managers Dr. John Barkyoumb and Dr. Jack Price. The project was also funded by ONR Grant N00014-08-1-0695 overseen by Dr. Patrick Purtell. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 2158-2866 EI 2158-2874 J9 J SHIP PROD DES JI J. Ship Prod. Des. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.5957/JSPD.30.2.130040 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA AW1GA UT WOS:000346037100005 ER PT J AU Wilde, M Fleischner, A Hannon, SC AF Wilde, Markus Fleischner, Andreas Hannon, Sean C. TI Utility of Head-Up Displays for Teleoperated Rendezvous and Docking SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; SPACE; OPERATIONS; WORK AB This paper details the development and experimental evaluation of a head-up display for teleoperation of spacecraft proximity operations, both in a software-based simulation environment and in a hardware proximity operations simulator. The results show that attitude head-up displays are generally beneficial to operator performance in rendezvous and docking tasks, and that an outside-in attitude representation is superior to an inside-out system. The display reference coordinate system to be used in relative maneuvering tasks is, furthermore, the local horizontal system. A comparison of different configurations of trajectory prediction displays yielded no results. C1 [Wilde, Markus; Fleischner, Andreas] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astronaut, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Hannon, Sean C.] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Wilde, M (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM mwilde@nps.edu; a.fleischner@tum.de; sean.hannon@ai-solutions.com RI Wilde, Markus/L-6359-2015 OI Wilde, Markus/0000-0003-3629-9705 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the collaborative research center [Sonderforschungsbereich 453] FX Part of this work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the collaborative research center Sonderforschungsbereich 453 "High-Fidelity Telepresence and Teleaction." The research described in this paper was supported by Real-Time Innovations by providing free data distribution system licenses. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 11 IS 5 BP 280 EP 298 DI 10.2514/1.I010104 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AP4RP UT WOS:000342066300002 ER PT J AU Lattin, GE Sturgill, ED Tujo, CA Marko, J Sanchez-Maldonado, KW Craig, WD Lack, EE AF Lattin, Grant E., Jr. Sturgill, Eric D. Tujo, Charles A. Marko, Jamie Sanchez-Maldonado, Katherine W. Craig, William D. Lack, Ernest E. TI From the Radiologic Pathology Archives Adrenal Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions in the Adult: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; OF-THE-LITERATURE; CORTICAL CARCINOMA; IMAGING FEATURES; CT FINDINGS; HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION; EXTRANODAL INVOLVEMENT; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AB Advanced imaging often reveals adrenal tumors and tumor-like conditions in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. When adrenal disease is clinically suspected, cross-sectional imaging can be helpful in evaluating the etiology of the patient's symptoms. When adrenal disease is incidentally identified, what the clinician and patient really want to know is whether the findings are benign or malignant, as this ultimately will affect their next step in management. Using radiologic-pathologic correlation, we broadly classify common, uncommon, and rare tumors and tumor-like conditions that can occur in the adrenal as benign or malignant. This classification follows predominant trends in observed biologic behavior while acknowledging those tumors that may behave in the minority in an unpredictable manner. We review the clinical background and presentation of functional adrenal tumors including Conn syndrome, Cushing syndrome, and catecholamine-secreting tumors, as well as their relationship with adrenal anatomy. We discuss a variety of benign tumors, including adrenal cortical adenoma (including oncocytoma) and pheochromocytoma, as well as uncommonly and rarely encountered tumors such as myelolipoma, hemangioma, lymphangioma, schwannoma, ganglioneuroma, and adenomatoid tumor. A variety of tumefactive but nonneoplastic lesions are addressed, including adrenal cortical hyperplasia, adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal cysts, and infections. Malignant tumors discussed include adrenal cortical carcinoma, the rare malignant pheochromocytoma, lymphoma, metastases, and sarcomas. For each tumor and tumor-like lesion, the clinical presentation, epidemiology, key imaging findings, diagnostic differential considerations, and management options are briefly addressed. Finally, an approach to the workup of suspected or incidentally discovered tumors is presented based on a selected literature survey and our clinical experience. Radiologists play an important role in identification and diagnosis of adrenal tumors and tumor-like conditions in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. C1 [Lattin, Grant E., Jr.; Tujo, Charles A.; Marko, Jamie; Craig, William D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lattin, Grant E., Jr.; Sturgill, Eric D.; Craig, William D.] Amer Inst Radiol Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sturgill, Eric D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Tujo, Charles A.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Marko, Jamie] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sanchez-Maldonado, Katherine W.] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. [Craig, William D.] Suburban Hosp, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lack, Ernest E.] Joint Pathol Ctr, Dept Endocrine Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lattin, GE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM grant.lattin@usuhs.edu FU American Institute for Radiologic Pathology (AIRP); Joint Pathology Center (JPC); Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) FX Supported by the American Institute for Radiologic Pathology (AIRP), the Joint Pathology Center (JPC), and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU). NR 106 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 805 EP 829 DI 10.1148/rg.343130127 PG 25 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AP2PH UT WOS:000341915200021 PM 24819798 ER PT J AU Cochenour, B O'Connor, S Mullen, L AF Cochenour, Brandon O'Connor, Shawn Mullen, Linda TI Suppression of forward-scattered light using high-frequency intensity modulation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE scattering; underwater; laser; imaging; modulation ID LASER IMAGER; SYSTEMS; RADAR; WATER; PROPAGATION AB Laser imaging through a turbid medium is complicated by scattering. Backscattered photons reduce image contrast as weak target returns compete against a large background of backscattered light. Forward scattering broadens the interrogating laser beam, thereby reducing the spatial resolution of the target. Prior research has shown that intensity modulation (<100 MHz) can be used to "wash-out" the backscatter, resulting in better discrimination of the target and higher contrast. We show that the higher modulation frequencies (>100 MHz) can be also used to suppress forward scattered light, thereby increasing spatial resolution. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; O'Connor, Shawn; Mullen, Linda] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM brandon.cochenour@navy.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 AR 051406 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.5.051406 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 287VU UT WOS:000329571200005 ER PT J AU Singham, DI AF Singham, Dashi I. TI Selecting Stopping Rules for Confidence Interval Procedures SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Finite-sample performance; coverage profiles ID SIMULATION; ESTIMATORS AB The sample size decision is crucial to the success of any sampling experiment. More samples imply better confidence and precision in the results, but require higher costs in terms of time, computing power, and money. Analysts often choose sequential stopping rules on an ad hoc basis to obtain confidence intervals with desired properties without requiring large sample sizes. However, the choice of stopping rule can affect the quality of the interval produced in terms of the coverage, precision, and replication cost. This article introduces methods for choosing and evaluating stopping rules for confidence interval procedures. We develop a general framework for assessing the quality of a broad class of stopping rules applied to independent and identically distributed data. We introduce coverage profiles that plot the coverage according to the stopping time and reveal situations when the coverage could be unexpectedly low. Finally, we recommend simple techniques for obtaining acceptable or optimal rules. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Singham, DI (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1049-3301 EI 1558-1195 J9 ACM T MODEL COMPUT S JI ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 AR 18 DI 10.1145/2627734 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AO1LM UT WOS:000341073600006 ER PT J AU Bennett, BL Littlejohn, L AF Bennett, Brad L. Littlejohn, Lanny TI Review of New Topical Hemostatic Dressings for Combat Casualty Care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EXTREMITY ARTERIAL HEMORRHAGE; FIBRIN SEALANT DRESSINGS; LETHAL GROIN INJURY; MAJOR LIMB TRAUMA; V LIVER-INJURIES; SWINE MODEL; BLOOD-LOSS; UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE; PENETRATING TRAUMA; SMECTITE GRANULES AB This review analyzes the new (2008-2013) hemostatic agents and dressings for enhanced efficacy in preclinical studies, and investigates supportive findings among case reports of effectiveness and safety in hospital and prehospital literature. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, National Library of Medicine using key words and phrases. The search revealed a total of 16 articles that fit the criteria established for third-generation hemostatic dressings. There were a total of 9 preclinical, 5 clinical, and 2 prehospital studies evaluated. Evaluation of these third-generation studies reveals that mucoadhesive (chitosan) dressings, particularly Celox Gauze and ChitoGauze, clearly show equal efficacy to Combat Gauze across many dependent variables. Chitosan-based products are ideal prehospital dressings because they are shown to work independently from the physiological clotting mechanisms. Many first-, second-, and third-generation chitosan-based dressings have been in use for years by the United States and other NATO militaries at the point of injury, and during tactical evacuation, in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom without reported complications or side effects. Based on the reported efficacy and long-term safety of chitosan-based products, increased use of Celox Gauze and ChitoGauze within the Department of Defense and civilian venues merits further consideration and open debate. C1 [Bennett, Brad L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Hebert Sch Med, Mil & Emergency Med Dept, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Littlejohn, Lanny] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bennett, BL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Hebert Sch Med, Mil & Emergency Med Dept, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 31 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 179 IS 5 BP 497 EP 514 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00199 PG 18 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UL UT WOS:000340806400008 PM 24806495 ER PT J AU Sracic, MK Thomas, D Pate, A Norris, J Norman, M Gertsch, JH AF Sracic, Michael K. Thomas, Darren Pate, Allen Norris, Jacob Norman, Marc Gertsch, Jeffrey H. TI Syndrome of Acute Anxiety Among Marines After Recent Arrival at High Altitude SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; PANIC DISORDER; AFGHANISTAN; IRAQ AB Management of mental health is critical for maintenance of readiness in austere military environments. Emerging evidence implicates hypoxia as an environmental trigger of anxiety spectrum symptomatology. One thousand thirty-six unacclimatized infantry Marines ascended from sea level to the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center (2,061-3,383 m) for a 30-day exercise. Within the first 6 days of training, 7 servicemen presented with severe, acute anxiety/panic with typical accompanying signs of sympathetic activation and no classic symptoms of acute mountain sickness (including headache). Four had a history of well-controlled psychiatric diagnoses. Invariably, cardiopulmonary and neurological evaluations were unrevealing, and acute cardiopulmonary events were excluded within limits of expeditionary diagnostic capabilities. All patients responded clinically to oxygen, rest, and benzodiazepines, returning to baseline function the same day. The unexpected onset of 7 cases of acute anxiety symptomatology coincident with recent arrival at moderate-to-high altitudes represents a highly unusual incidence and temporal distribution, suggestive of hypobaric hypoxemia as the proximal cause. We propose acute hypoxic physiological anxiety (AHPA) as a unique member of the spectrum of altitude-associated neurological disorders. Recognition of AHPA is particularly relevant in a military population; warfighters with anxiety spectrum diagnoses may have a recognizable and possibly preventable vulnerability. C1 [Sracic, Michael K.; Pate, Allen] United States Marine Corps, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [Thomas, Darren] Marine Corps Mt Warfare Training Ctr, OIC Mt & Cold Weather Med, Bridgeport, CA 93517 USA. [Norris, Jacob] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Norman, Marc; Gertsch, Jeffrey H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gertsch, Jeffrey H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sracic, MK (reprint author), United States Marine Corps, 1st Battalion,1st Marines 1-1,POB 555412, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. FU Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Wounded, Ill; Injured Program [W181, 61031] FX The authors would like to thank Col Philip Chandler, Commanding Officer, Mountain Warfare Training Center, Lt Col Craig R. Wonson, Commanding Officer, 1st Battalion, 1st Marines, and Chris Henson of the Naval Health Research Center for their support and coordination. This work was supported by the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Wounded, Ill, and Injured Program, Project W181, Work Unit No. 61031. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 179 IS 5 BP 559 EP 564 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00359 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UL UT WOS:000340806400015 PM 24806502 ER PT J AU Heaney, JH Jones, AL Jones, DM Palombo, LJ Wilson, KM AF Heaney, Jay H. Jones, Ahmik L. Jones, Douglas M. Palombo, Laura J. Wilson, Katherine M. TI Heat Illness - Return To Duty Upon Recovery From Exertional Heatstroke Evaluated Via Heat Tolerance Testing SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY APR 01-04, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Heaney, Jay H.; Jones, Douglas M.; Palombo, Laura J.; Wilson, Katherine M.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Jones, Ahmik L.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 SU 1 MA 582 BP 141 EP 142 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AL4PW UT WOS:000339115901037 ER PT J AU Jones, DM Wilson, KM Palombo, LJ Villarroel, ML Buono, MJ Heaney, JH AF Jones, Douglas M. Wilson, Katherine M. Palombo, Laura J. Villarroel, Michael L. Buono, Michael J. Heaney, Jay H. TI Reproducibility of a Heat Tolerance Test to Evaluate Thermoregulation SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY APR 01-04, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Jones, Douglas M.; Wilson, Katherine M.; Palombo, Laura J.; Villarroel, Michael L.; Buono, Michael J.; Heaney, Jay H.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 SU 1 MA 706 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AL4PW UT WOS:000339115901160 ER PT J AU Rauh, MJ Padilla, GA Schmied, EA Hiller-Lauby, MD Taylor, MK AF Rauh, Mitchell J. Padilla, Genieleah A. Schmied, Emily A. Hiller-Lauby, Melissa D. Taylor, Marc K. TI Sex Differences in Catabolic and Anabolic Hormone Responses in Military Survival Trainees SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY APR 01-04, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Schmied, Emily A.; Taylor, Marc K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Hiller-Lauby, Melissa D.] Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2588 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AL4PW UT WOS:000339115904393 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Laurent, HK Larson, GE Rauh, MJ Lauby, MDH Granger, DA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Laurent, Heidemarie K. Larson, Gerald E. Rauh, Mitchell J. Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller Granger, Douglas A. TI Neurotrophic Response to Intense Military Stress SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY APR 01-04, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Larson, Gerald E.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Laurent, Heidemarie K.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Rauh, Mitchell J.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller] Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Granger, Douglas A.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2586 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AL4PW UT WOS:000339115904391 ER PT J AU Jensen, A Palombo, L Niederberger, B Turcotte, L Kelly, K AF Jensen, Andrew Palombo, Laura Niederberger, Brenda Turcotte, Lorraine Kelly, Karen TI Effect of Blood Flow Restriction on Insulin-Like Growth Factor Secretion During Low-Intensity Exercise SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY APR 01-04, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Jensen, Andrew; Turcotte, Lorraine] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Palombo, Laura; Niederberger, Brenda; Kelly, Karen] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 SU 1 MA 3329 BP 883 EP 884 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AL4PW UT WOS:000339115906041 ER PT J AU Grasso, R Braca, P Osler, J Hansen, J Willett, P AF Grasso, Raffaele Braca, Paolo Osler, John Hansen, Jim Willett, Peter TI Optimal Asset Network Planning for Counter Piracy Operation Support, Part I: Under the Hood SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Grasso, Raffaele; Braca, Paolo; Osler, John] NATO STO CMRE, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Hansen, Jim] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Willett, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. RP Grasso, R (reprint author), NATO STO CMRE, Res Dept, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. EM braca@cmre.nato.int; james.hansen@nrimry.navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Braca, Paolo/0000-0002-3762-4373 FU NATO Allied Command Transformation; Office of Naval Research [N000014-13-1-0231] FX This work has been funded by the NATO Allied Command Transformation. Peter Willett was partially supported by Office of Naval Research under contract N000014-13-1-0231. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130181 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AL3RM UT WOS:000339046400001 ER PT J AU Bilen, SG Wyglinski, AM Anderson, CR Cooklev, T Dietrich, C Farhang-Boroujeny, B Urbina, JV Edwards, SH Reed, JH AF Bilen, Sven G. Wyglinski, Alexander M. Anderson, Christopher R. Cooklev, Todor Dietrich, Carl Farhang-Boroujeny, Behrouz Urbina, Julio V. Edwards, Steve H. Reed, Jeff H. TI Software-Defined Radio: A New Paradigm for Integrated Curriculum Delivery SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Software-defined radio is a rapidly developing field that is driving the development of and innovation in communications technology, and promises to significantly impact all communications sectors. Entities developing these SDR systems require a trained workforce that has been prepared with the mindset, knowledge, skills, and tools required to address both the system (breadth) and technical (depth) aspects of SDR systems. Developing SDRs necessarily involves a collection of disciplines including, but not limited to, electromagnetics, radio-frequency engineering, communications, digital signal processing, embedded systems, computer programming, and systems engineering. Whereas electrical engineering and computer science and engineering curricula at the university level may include courses in all of these areas, a student's typical curriculum does not; nor does it usually involve the integration of all these topics. However, SDR can be employed as an integrative construct that facilitates systems thinking and cross-domain learning via peers. In this article, we present several significant educational efforts across six U. S. universities that have developed integrated curricula in SDR, most including a significant laboratory component. C1 [Bilen, Sven G.; Urbina, Julio V.] Penn State, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Wyglinski, Alexander M.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA USA. [Anderson, Christopher R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cooklev, Todor] IPFW, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Dietrich, Carl; Edwards, Steve H.; Reed, Jeff H.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Farhang-Boroujeny, Behrouz] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Edwards, Steve H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Reed, Jeff H.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Bilen, SG (reprint author), Penn State, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM sbilen@psu.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AJ9LM UT WOS:000338032200024 ER PT J AU Wassel, HMG Gao, Y Oberg, JK Huffmire, T Kastner, R Chong, FT Sherwood, T AF Wassel, Hassan M. G. Gao, Ying Oberg, Jason K. Huffmire, Ted Kastner, Ryan Chong, Frederic T. Sherwood, Timothy TI NETWORKS ON CHIP WITH PROVABLE SECURITY PROPERTIES SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Article ID ARCHITECTURE AB IN SYSTEMS WHERE A LACK OF SAFETY OR SECURITY GUARANTEES CAN BE CATASTROPHIC OR EVEN FATAL, NONINTERFERENCE IS USED TO SEPARATE DOMAINS HANDLING CRITICAL (OR CONFIDENTIAL) INFORMATION FROM THOSE PROCESSING NORMAL (OR UNCLASSIFIED) DATA FOR FAULT CONTAINMENT AND EASE OF VERIFICATION. SURFNOC SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES THE LATENCY INCURRED BY STRICT TEMPORAL PARTITIONING. C1 [Wassel, Hassan M. G.] Google, Platforms Grp, Mountain View, CA USA. [Gao, Ying; Chong, Frederic T.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Oberg, Jason K.; Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Huffmire, Ted] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Chong, Frederic T.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Greenscale Ctr Energy Efficient Comp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chong, Frederic T.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Comp Engn Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Wassel, HMG (reprint author), 1600 Amphitheater Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM hwassel@gmail.com FU US National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship; [CNS-1239567]; [CNS-1162187]; [CCF-117165] FX This work was funded in part by grants CNS-1239567, CNS-1162187, and CCF-117165. Jason K. Oberg is funded by a US National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the sponsoring agencies. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 EI 1937-4143 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AJ7RR UT WOS:000337895100007 ER PT J AU Brady, RR AF Brady, Ryan R. TI The spatial diffusion of regional housing prices across U.S. states SO REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Housing prices; Impulse response functions; Linear projections; Spatial autocorrelation ID MONETARY-POLICY; IMPULSE RESPONSES; MOMENTS ESTIMATOR; GREAT MODERATION; BUSINESS-CYCLE; MODELS; DEPENDENCE; MARKETS AB In this paper! estimate the spatial diffusion of housing prices across U.S. states over a period from 1975 to 2011, showing how long and to what magnitude state-level housing prices are affected by a price shock emanating from surrounding states. I capture the spatial diffusion of regional housing prices with impulse response functions estimated directly from a single equation spatial autoregressive model. In addition, I compare and contrast spatial impulse response estimates over sub-periods. Results show that for the 1975 to 2011 period spatial diffusion of housing prices is statistically significant and persistent across states. This conclusion is robust to whether the model is estimated in levels or in first differences controlling for cointegration. Sub-period estimation, too, suggests the magnitude and persistence of spatial diffusion may be more pronounced after 1999 than before. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brady, RR (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd Stop 10D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rbrady@usna.edu NR 62 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0462 EI 1879-2308 J9 REG SCI URBAN ECON JI Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 BP 150 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2014.04.003 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA AJ7EB UT WOS:000337858900013 ER PT J AU Kress, M AF Kress, Moshe TI Handbook of Operations Research for Homeland Security SO INTERFACES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Kress, Moshe] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kress, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkress@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 3 BP 345 EP 346 PG 2 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA AJ5FF UT WOS:000337707300015 ER PT J AU Jolliff, JK Smith, TA AF Jolliff, Jason K. Smith, Travis A. TI Biological modulation of upper ocean physics: Simulating the biothermal feedback effect in Monterey Bay, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bio-optics; biogeochemical modeling; biosphere; atmosphere interactions; Monterey Bay ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; COASTAL OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; SEA; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; WATERS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Marine phytoplankton and associated organic materials absorb a substantial quantity of solar shortwave energy penetrating the upper ocean. Most of this absorbed energy is lost as heat and thereby contributes to the warming of near-surface waters. Here we examine this biothermal feedback effect on upper ocean physics and air-sea energy exchange using a fully integrated ocean-atmosphere-biological modeling system. Our model simulations show that a local phytoplankton bloom may impact upper ocean physics in such a way as to promote the spatiotemporal persistence of the bloom itself within a semi-enclosed coastal embayment. This is accomplished primarily via enhanced thermal stratification that promotes vertical stability and more efficient utilization of macronutrients. Modulations of wind stress patterns due to perturbations in the local surface pressure gradients also arise as a result of the simulated biothermal warming of surface waters. The model evidence suggests that the observed persistence of phytoplankton blooms in the northern Monterey Bay, California, may be enhanced by similar synergistic interactions between ocean biology and physics. C1 [Jolliff, Jason K.; Smith, Travis A.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jolliff, JK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jolliff@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory 6.2 project "Resolving Bio-Optical Feedbacks to Ocean/Atmosphere Dynamics"; NRL 6.1 project "Buoyancy Plume Modulation of Coastal Air-Sea Exchange Processes" FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory 6.2 project "Resolving Bio-Optical Feedbacks to Ocean/Atmosphere Dynamics" and the NRL 6.1 project "Buoyancy Plume Modulation of Coastal Air-Sea Exchange Processes." The authors thank Stephanie Anderson for help preparing figures. The authors also thank anonymous reviewers and Shubha Sathyendranath for comments that improved the manuscript. The wind data presented in Figure 4a were provided by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (www.mbari.org). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 703 EP 721 DI 10.1002/2013JG002522 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AJ3ZN UT WOS:000337607900001 ER PT J AU Shriver, JF Richman, JG Arbic, BK AF Shriver, Jay F. Richman, James G. Arbic, Brian K. TI How stationary are the internal tides in a high-resolution global ocean circulation model? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE internal tides; ocean modeling; stationarity ID ACCURACY; WAVES; RIDGE AB The stationarity of the internal tides generated in a global eddy-resolving ocean circulation model forced by realistic atmospheric fluxes and the luni-solar gravitational potential is explored. The root mean square (RMS) variability in the M2 internal tidal amplitude is approximately 2 mm or less over most of the ocean and exceeds 2 mm in regions with larger internal tidal amplitude. The M2 RMS variability approaches the mean amplitude in weaker tidal areas such as the tropical Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean, but is smaller than the mean amplitude near generation regions. Approximately 60% of the variance in the complex M2 tidal amplitude is due to amplitude-weighted phase variations. Using the RMS tidal amplitude variations normalized by the mean tidal amplitude (normalized RMS variability (NRMS)) as a metric for stationarity, low-mode M2 internal tides with NRMS<0.5 are stationary over 25% of the deep ocean, particularly near the generation regions. The M2 RMS variability tends to increase with increasing mean amplitude. However, the M2 NRMS variability tends to decrease with increasing mean amplitude, and regions with strong low-mode internal tides are more stationary. The internal tide beams radiating away from generation regions become less stationary with distance. Similar results are obtained for other tidal constituents with the overall stationarity of the constituent decreasing as the energy in the constituent decreases. Seasonal variations dominate the RMS variability in the Arabian Sea and near-equatorial oceans. Regions of high eddy kinetic energy are regions of higher internal tide nonstationarity. C1 [Shriver, Jay F.; Richman, James G.] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Shriver, JF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jay.shriver@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU project "Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides" - Office of Naval Research (ONR); project "Navy Earth System Prediction Capability" - Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory [N000173-06-2-C003]; ONR [N00014-09-1-1003, N00014-11-1-0487]; National Aeronautical and Space Administration [NNX13AD95G]; Department of Defense (DoD) HPC Challenge Project [FY09-11] FX We thank Richard Ray and the reviewers for useful comments on the manuscript. J.F.S. and J.G.R. were supported by the projects "Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides" and "Navy Earth System Prediction Capability" sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). B. K. A. acknowledges support from Naval Research Laboratory contract N000173-06-2-C003 and ONR grants N00014-09-1-1003 and N00014-11-1-0487. B. K. A., J.G.R., and J.F.S. also acknowledge support from the National Aeronautical and Space Administration grant NNX13AD95G and continuing encouragement from the NASA SWOT team scientists for the research presented here. The model results were obtained under the FY09-11 Department of Defense (DoD) HPC Challenge Project "Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction including Tides." This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-13-1890. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2769 EP 2787 DI 10.1002/2013JC009423 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AJ4GU UT WOS:000337632500003 ER PT J AU Lean, JL McDonald, SE Huba, JD Emmert, JT Drob, DP Siefring, CL AF Lean, J. L. McDonald, S. E. Huba, J. D. Emmert, J. T. Drob, D. P. Siefring, C. L. TI Geospace variability during the 2008-2009 Whole Heliosphere Intervals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun-Earth system observations and models; solar minimum; thermosphere density variations; ionosphere variations; Whole Heliosphere Intervals ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; SPACECRAFT ORBITS; SOLAR MINIMUM; LOW-LATITUDE; TIME-SERIES; IONOSPHERE; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; WIND AB We simulate the ionosphere and thermosphere throughout the extended solar minimum epoch from 2008 to 2009 using geospace models, systematically validating the models with databases of observed geospace composition. We isolate and quantify observed changes of as much as 4 total electron content unit (TECU) (1 TECU=1016 elections m-2) (similar to 36%) in global (60 degrees S-60 degrees N) ionospheric total electron density and as much as 19x10-12kgm-3 (similar to 75%) in global thermospheric mass density at 250km associated with fluctuating solar EUV radiation and geomagnetic activity during this nominally quiet period. Corresponding modeled responses to both solar EUV radiation and geomagnetic activity are about a factor of 2 smaller than is observed. We identify, as well, semiannual and annual oscillations that produce geospace variability comparable to that produced by external solar and geomagnetic influences, and which cause distinct differences among the three individual Whole Heliosphere Intervals. From the first Whole Heliosphere Interval (March-April 2008) to the third Whole Heliosphere Interval (June-July 2009) total electron content (60 degrees S-60 degrees N) decreased 3.6 TECU (similar to 32%) and mass density at 250km decreased 9x10-12kgm(-3) (similar to 34%) due to these oscillations. Reliable attribution of the geospace base state during the 2008-2009 solar minimum epoch and geospace comparisons among the Whole Heliosphere Intervals thus requires that the semiannual and annual oscillations be properly distinguished in addition to the concurrent solar and heliospheric effects which have been the primary goal of the majority of Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) characterizations. C1 [Lean, J. L.; McDonald, S. E.; Emmert, J. T.; Drob, D. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huba, J. D.; Siefring, C. L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DE USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judith.lean@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR FX ONR funded this work. We appreciate extensive discussions about ISES with colleagues at the Naval Research Laboratory, George Mason University, and the High Altitude Observatory, the support and encouragement of Jill Dahlburg and the guidance of two Reviewers. Y.-M. Wang provided the source surface maps in Figure 3. We are grateful for the multidisciplinary data sources available for our use in developing and advancing the ISES program, including OMNI2, SEE, IGS TEC, and the Air Force catalog of orbital elements, available as indicated in the text. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 3755 EP 3776 DI 10.1002/2013JA019485 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AJ4DS UT WOS:000337622100039 ER PT J AU Pedatella, NM Liu, HL Sassi, F Lei, J Chau, JL Zhang, X AF Pedatella, N. M. Liu, H-L. Sassi, F. Lei, J. Chau, J. L. Zhang, X. TI Ionosphere variability during the 2009 SSW: Influence of the lunar semidiurnal tide and mechanisms producing electron density variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atmosphere-ionosphere coupling; sudden stratosphere warming; lunar tide ID STRATOSPHERIC WARMING EVENT; SOUTHERN MID-LATITUDES; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET; MESOSPHERIC WINDS; JANUARY 2010; THERMOSPHERE; MODEL; TEMPERATURES; WAVE AB To investigate ionosphere variability during the 2009 sudden stratosphere warming (SSW), we present simulation results that combine the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Extended version and the thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM). The simulations reveal notable enhancements in both the migrating semidiurnal solar (SW2) and lunar (M2) tides during the SSW. The SW2 and M2 amplitudes reach approximate to 50ms-1 and approximate to 40ms-1, respectively, in zonal wind at E region altitudes. The dramatic increase in the M2 at these altitudes influences the dynamo generation of electric fields, and the importance of the M2 on the ionosphere variability during the 2009 SSW is demonstrated by comparing simulations with and without the M2. TIME-GCM simulations that incorporate the M2 are found to be in good agreement with Jicamarca Incoherent Scatter Radar vertical plasma drifts and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) observations of the maximum F region electron density. The agreement with observations is worse if the M2 is not included in the simulation, demonstrating that the lunar tide is an important contributor to the ionosphere variability during the 2009 SSW. We additionally investigate sources of the F region electron density variability during the SSW. The primary driver of the electron density variability is changes in electric fields. Changes in meridional neutral winds and thermosphere composition are found to also contribute to the electron density variability during the 2009 SSW. The electron density variability for the 2009 SSW is therefore not solely due to variability in electric fields as previously thought. C1 [Pedatella, N. M.] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, COSM Program Off, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liu, H-L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sassi, F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DE USA. [Lei, J.] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Geospace Environm, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Chau, J. L.] Univ Rostock, Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Zhang, X.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pedatella, NM (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, COSM Program Off, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nickp@ucar.edu RI Lei, Jiuhou/A-3015-2012; Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Pedatella, Nicholas/Q-2242-2015; OI Lei, Jiuhou/0000-0002-4374-5083; Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Pedatella, Nicholas/0000-0002-8878-5126; Sassi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1033112, ATM-0719480]; NSF [AGS-1138784]; NASA/LWS [NNX09AJ83G, NNH12AT21L]; Office of Naval Research; NSF through Cornell University [AGS-0905448]; National Science Foundation FX Simulation output in NetCDF is archived on the National Center for Atmospheric Research High Performance Storage System and is available on request. The COSMIC observations used in the present study are available through the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center (http://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/). Observations from the Jicamarca ISR are from the Madrigal Database (http://jro.igp.gob.pe/madrigal/). N.P. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation grant AGS-1033112. Additional support from NSF grant AGS-1138784 and NASA/LWS grant NNX09AJ83G (H. L.) NASA/LWS grant NNH12AT21L (F. S. and H. L.) is acknowledged. F. S. acknowledges also the support of 6.1 funding from the Office of Naval Research. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Navy DOD Supercomputing Resource Center (NAVO). X.Z. was supported under grant ATM-0719480 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Colorado. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from the NSF AGS-0905448 through Cornell University. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The International Space Science Institute facilitated discussions related to the present paper by sponsoring a workshop on "Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling during Stratospheric Sudden Warmings." NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 3828 EP 3843 DI 10.1002/2014JA019849 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AJ4DS UT WOS:000337622100044 ER PT J AU Bulysheva, A Hargrave, B Strange, R Murray, L Lundberg, C Burcus, N Heller, R AF Bulysheva, Anna Hargrave, Barbara Strange, Robert Murray, Len Lundberg, Cathryn Burcus, Niculina Heller, Richard TI Gene Electrotransfer of VEGF in Angiogenesis and Myocardial Repair SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-and-Cell-Therapy (ASGCT) CY MAY 21-24, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Gene & Cell Therapy, Genzyme C1 [Bulysheva, Anna; Hargrave, Barbara; Lundberg, Cathryn; Burcus, Niculina; Heller, Richard] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA USA. [Hargrave, Barbara; Heller, Richard] Old Dominion Univ, Sch Med Diagnost & Translat Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. [Strange, Robert] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Murray, Len] Sobran, Fairfax, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1525-0016 EI 1525-0024 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 22 SU 1 MA 595 BP S230 EP S230 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AI9ED UT WOS:000337231300589 ER PT J AU Sgaier, SK Reed, JB Thomas, A Njeuhmeli, E AF Sgaier, Sema K. Reed, Jason B. Thomas, Anne Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Achieving the HIV Prevention Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Lessons and Challenges for Managing Programs SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MEN; HIV/AIDS; KISUMU; TRIAL; KENYA; INDIA AB Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is capable of reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from females to males by approximately 60%. In 2007, the WHO and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended making VMMC part of a comprehensive HIV prevention package in countries with a generalized HIV epidemic and low rates of male circumcision. Modeling studies undertaken in 2009-2011 estimated that circumcising 80% of adult males in 14 priority countries in Eastern and Southern Africa within five years, and sustaining coverage levels thereafter, could avert 3.4 million HIV infections within 15 years and save US$16.5 billion in treatment costs. In response, WHO/UNAIDS launched the Joint Strategic Action Framework for accelerating the scale-up of VMMC for HIV prevention in Southern and Eastern Africa, calling for 80% coverage of adult male circumcision by 2016. While VMMC programs have grown dramatically since inception, they appear unlikely to reach this goal. This review provides an overview of findings from the PLOS Collection "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: Improving Quality, Efficiency, Cost Effectiveness, and Demand for Services during an Accelerated Scale-up.'' The use of devices for VMMC is also explored. We propose emphasizing management solutions to help VMMC programs in the priority countries achieve the desired impact of averting the greatest possible number of HIV infections. Our recommendations include advocating for prioritization and funding of VMMC, increasing strategic targeting to achieve the goal of reducing HIV incidence, focusing on programmatic efficiency, exploring the role of new technologies, rethinking demand creation, strengthening data use for decision-making, improving governments' program management capacity, strategizing for sustainability, and maintaining a flexible scale-up strategy informed by a strong monitoring, learning, and evaluation platform. C1 [Sgaier, Sema K.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reed, Jason B.] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Thomas, Anne] US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Sgaier, SK (reprint author), Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM Sema.Sgaier@gatesfoundation.org FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Agency for International Development (USAID); PEPFAR through USAID's Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-000]; AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project, Sector I, Task Order 1 [GHH-I-00-07-00059-00] FX The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported the manuscripts included in this collection through the US Agency for International Development (USAID). This collection was funded by PEPFAR through USAID's Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP), under Cooperative Agreement #GHS-A-00-08-00002-000 and AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project, Sector I, Task Order 1 under contract number GHH-I-00-07-00059-00. Staff from the funding bodies played a significant role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Disclaimer: The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, the US Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 11 IS 5 AR e1001641 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001641 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AJ0MY UT WOS:000337349300004 PM 24800840 ER PT J AU Matsangas, P McCauley, ME Gehl, G Kiser, J Bandstra, A Blankenship, J Pierce, E AF Matsangas, P. McCauley, M. E. Gehl, G. Kiser, J. Bandstra, A. Blankenship, J. Pierce, E. TI Motion-induced interruptions and postural equilibrium in linear lateral accelerations SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE motion-induced interruptions; lateral motion; postural equilibrium; human performance modelling ID FREQUENCY; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; CRITERIA; SURFACE AB This study assesses lateral tipping motion-induced interruptions (MIIs) in a simulated motion environment. The objective is to revisit MII occurrence and sway motion relationship by focusing on the frequency and acceleration of the lateral motion stimulus. Results verify that MIIs increase with increasing peak sway acceleration, but the effect of sway frequency is not as clear as that of acceleration. Complex multidirectional motions create more tipping MIIs than unidirectional motion. Research should incorporate acceleration, frequency and motion complexity as factors influencing MII occurrence. To describe a temporary loss of balance without tipping, the term probable' MII is introduced. This term fills the gap between the theoretical definition and a human-centred perception of an MII where loss of balance is not a binary phenomenon. The probable' MIIs were 16-67% more common than the definite' MIIs. The developed mathematical model of MII occurrence versus sway acceleration (amplitude, frequency) approximated the observed MIIs with less than 9% difference. Practitioner Summary: Motion-induced interruptions (MIIs) are important for operational readiness at sea. The rigid body model to predict MIIs does not include the effect of frequency of motion and lacks a human-centred approach. This study identifies that frequency and motion complexity are associated with MII occurrence and proposes a human-oriented extension of the existing MII definition. C1 [Matsangas, P.; McCauley, M. E.; Gehl, G.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kiser, J.; Bandstra, A.; Blankenship, J.; Pierce, E.] NSWC PCD, Human Syst Integrat Team, Panama City, FL USA. RP Matsangas, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pmatsang@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [342] FX At the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Dr Ji Hyun Yang contributed in the development of the experimental design and Jesse Huston performed data entry services. The sponsorship of Dr Ami Bolton, Office of Naval Research Code 342, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 EI 1366-5847 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD MAY PY 2014 VL 57 IS 5 BP 679 EP 692 DI 10.1080/00140139.2014.897373 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA AI8OZ UT WOS:000337180700004 PM 24646414 ER PT J AU Luhrs, CC Daskam, CD Gonzalez, E Phillips, J AF Luhrs, Claudia C. Daskam, Chris D. Gonzalez, Edwin Phillips, Jonathan TI Fabrication of a Low Density Carbon Fiber Foam and Its Characterization as a Strain Gauge SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanofiber; viscoelastic; strain gauge; low weight; porous; electrically conductive; hydrophobic ID ETHYLENE-OXYGEN MIXTURES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PRESSURE SENSORS; NANOTUBE FOAMS; GRAPHENE; NANOFIBERS; FILMS; DESIGN AB Samples of carbon nano-fiber foam (CFF), essentially a 3D solid mat of intertwined nanofibers of pure carbon, were grown using the Constrained Formation of Fibrous Nanostructures (CoFFiN) process in a steel mold at 550 degrees C from a palladium particle catalysts exposed to fuel rich mixtures of ethylene and oxygen. The resulting material was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), Surface area analysis (BET), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Transient and dynamic mechanical tests clearly demonstrated that the material is viscoelastic. Concomitant mechanical and electrical testing of samples revealed the material to have electrical properties appropriate for application as the sensing element of a strain gauge. The sample resistance versus strain values stabilize after a few compression cycles to show a perfectly linear relationship. Study of microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of the low density samples confirm the uniqueness of the material: It is formed entirely of independent fibers of diverse diameters that interlock forming a tridimensional body that can be grown into different shapes and sizes at moderate temperatures. It regains its shape after loads are removed, is light weight, presents viscoelastic behavior, thermal stability up to 550 degrees C, hydrophobicity, and is electrically conductive. C1 [Luhrs, Claudia C.; Daskam, Chris D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Gonzalez, Edwin] Hartnell Coll, Salinas, CA USA. [Gonzalez, Edwin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luhrs, CC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ccluhrs@nps.edu; dcdaskam@nps.edu; eigonzal@nps.edu; jphillip@nps.edu FU Research Initiation Program of the Naval Postgraduate School; Office of Naval Research, Force Protection Thrust, ONR [30] FX This work was supported by Research Initiation Program of the Naval Postgraduate School and with funds from the Office of Naval Research, Force Protection Thrust, ONR Code 30. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 46 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD MAY PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 BP 3699 EP 3714 DI 10.3390/ma7053699 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AI9KF UT WOS:000337250800024 ER PT J AU Ampleford, DJ Jones, B Jennings, CA Hansen, SB Cuneo, ME Harvey-Thompson, AJ Rochau, GA Coverdale, CA Laspe, AR Flanagan, TM Moore, NW Sinars, DB Lamppa, DC Harding, EC Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Chong, YK Apruzese, JP Velikovich, AL Dasgupta, A Ouart, N Sygar, WA Savage, ME Moore, JK Focia, R Wagoner, TC Killebrew, KL Edens, AD Dunham, GS Jones, MC Lake, PW Nielsen, DS Wu, M Carlson, AL Kernahan, MD Ball, CR Scharberg, RD Mulville, TD Breden, EW Speas, CS Olivas, G Sullivan, MA York, AJ Justus, DW Cisneros, JC Strizic, T Reneker, J Cleveland, M Vigil, MP Robertson, G Sandoval, D Cox, C Maurer, AJ Graham, DA Huynh, NB Toledo, S Molina, LP Lopez, MR Long, FW McKee, GR Porter, JL Herrmann, MC AF Ampleford, D. J. Jones, B. Jennings, C. A. Hansen, S. B. Cuneo, M. E. Harvey-Thompson, A. J. Rochau, G. A. Coverdale, C. A. Laspe, A. R. Flanagan, T. M. Moore, N. W. Sinars, D. B. Lamppa, D. C. Harding, E. C. Thornhill, J. W. Giuliani, J. L. Chong, Y. -K. Apruzese, J. P. Velikovich, A. L. Dasgupta, A. Ouart, N. Sygar, W. A. Savage, M. E. Moore, J. K. Focia, R. Wagoner, T. C. Killebrew, K. L. Edens, A. D. Dunham, G. S. Jones, M. C. Lake, P. W. Nielsen, D. S. Wu, M. Carlson, A. L. Kernahan, M. D. Ball, C. R. Scharberg, R. D. Mulville, T. D. Breden, E. W. Speas, C. S. Olivas, G. Sullivan, M. A. York, A. J. Justus, D. W. Cisneros, J. C. Strizic, T. Reneker, J. Cleveland, M. Vigil, M. P. Robertson, G. Sandoval, D. Cox, C. Maurer, A. J. Graham, D. A. Huynh, N. B. Toledo, S. Molina, L. P. Lopez, M. R. Long, F. W. McKee, G. R. Porter, J. L. Herrmann, M. C. TI Contrasting physics in wire array z pinch sources of 1-20 keV emission on the Z facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the APS Division ofPlasma Physics CY NOV 11-14, 2013 CL Denver, CO ID K-SHELL RADIATION; X-RAY POWER; IMPLOSIONS; DYNAMICS; PLASMAS; MA AB a Imploding wire arrays on the 20 MA Z generator have recently provided some of the most powerful and energetic laboratory sources of multi-keV photons, including similar to 375 kJ of Al K-shell emission (h nu similar to 1-2 keV), similar to 80 kJ of stainless steel K-shell emission (h nu similar to 5-9 keV) and a kJ-level of Mo K-shell emission (h nu similar to 17 keV). While the global implosion dynamics of these different wire arrays are very similar, the physical process that dominates the emission from these x-ray sources fall into three broad categories. Al wire arrays produce a column of plasma with densities up to similar to 3 x 10(21) ions/cm(3), where opacity inhibits the escape of K-shell photons. Significant structure from instabilities can reduce the density and increase the surface area, therefore increase the K-shell emission. In contrast, stainless steel wire arrays operate in a regime where achieving a high pinch temperature (achieved by thermalizing a high implosion kinetic energy) is critical and, while opacity is present, it has less impact on the pinch emissivity. At higher photon energies, line emission associated with inner shell ionization due to energetic electrons becomes important. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ampleford, D. J.; Jones, B.; Jennings, C. A.; Hansen, S. B.; Cuneo, M. E.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Rochau, G. A.; Coverdale, C. A.; Laspe, A. R.; Flanagan, T. M.; Moore, N. W.; Sinars, D. B.; Lamppa, D. C.; Harding, E. C.; Sygar, W. A.; Savage, M. E.; Moore, J. K.; Focia, R.; Wagoner, T. C.; Killebrew, K. L.; Edens, A. D.; Dunham, G. S.; Jones, M. C.; Lake, P. W.; Nielsen, D. S.; Wu, M.; Carlson, A. L.; Kernahan, M. D.; Ball, C. R.; Scharberg, R. D.; Mulville, T. D.; Breden, E. W.; Speas, C. S.; Olivas, G.; Sullivan, M. A.; York, A. J.; Justus, D. W.; Cisneros, J. C.; Strizic, T.; Reneker, J.; Cleveland, M.; Vigil, M. P.; Robertson, G.; Sandoval, D.; Cox, C.; Maurer, A. J.; Graham, D. A.; Huynh, N. B.; Toledo, S.; Molina, L. P.; Lopez, M. R.; Long, F. W.; McKee, G. R.; Porter, J. L.; Herrmann, M. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Thornhill, J. W.; Giuliani, J. L.; Chong, Y. -K.; Apruzese, J. P.; Velikovich, A. L.; Dasgupta, A.; Ouart, N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ampleford, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM damplef@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project at Sandia National Laboratories [165733]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NNSA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the many individuals who enabled these experiments at Z, including the Z Diagnostics group, the Z Center Section team, Load Hardware Designers, Hardware and Wire Array Assembly, Electrical Diagnostics the ZBL laser and Z Operations. The authors thank many colleagues for useful discussions, including J. P. Chittenden, N. Niasse, B. Appelbe (Imperial College), A. Safronova, V. Kantsyrev, R. Pressura (University of Nevada, Reno), and C. Deeney (NSTec). The authors would also like to thank M. K. Matzen, J. Lee, G. Heffelfinger, E. F. Hartman, J. W. Bryson, J. Lash, and C. J. Bourdon (Sandia) for programmatic support. Work on non-thermal emission from wire array z pinches performed under Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project No. 165733 at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Work at Naval Research Laboratory is supported by NNSA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 AR 056708 DI 10.1063/1.4876621 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AI7UY UT WOS:000337107200137 ER PT J AU Sotnikov, V Kim, T Lundberg, J Paraschiv, I Mehlhorn, TA AF Sotnikov, V. Kim, T. Lundberg, J. Paraschiv, I. Mehlhorn, T. A. TI Scattering of electromagnetic waves by vortex density structures associated with interchange instability: Analytical and large scale plasma simulation results SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; SHEAR AB The presence of plasma turbulence can strongly influence propagation properties of electromagnetic signals used for surveillance and communication. In particular, we are interested in the generation of low frequency plasma density irregularities in the form of coherent vortex structures. Interchange or flute type density irregularities in magnetized plasma are associated with Rayleigh-Taylor type instability. These types of density irregularities play an important role in refraction and scattering of high frequency electromagnetic signals propagating in the earth ionosphere, in high energy density physics, and in many other applications. We will discuss scattering of high frequency electromagnetic waves on low frequency density irregularities due to the presence of vortex density structures associated with interchange instability. We will also present particle-in-cell simulation results of electromagnetic scattering on vortex type density structures using the large scale plasma code LSP and compare them with analytical results. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sotnikov, V.; Kim, T.; Lundberg, J.] Air Force Res Lab AFRL RY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Paraschiv, I.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Mehlhorn, T. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sotnikov, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab AFRL RY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Naval Research Laboratory; NNSA/DOE [DE-FC52-06NA27616] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Naval Research Laboratory, and NNSA/DOE Grant No. DE-FC52-06NA27616 at the University of Nevada at Reno. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 AR 052309 DI 10.1063/1.4879021 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AI7UY UT WOS:000337107200025 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B AF Sprangle, Phillip Hafizi, Bahman TI High-power, high-intensity laser propagation and interactions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the APS Division ofPlasma Physics CY NOV 11-14, 2013 CL Denver, CO ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; PLASMA WAVE-GUIDE; MOLECULAR-NITROGEN LASER; RELATIVISTIC REGIME; STIMULATED-EMISSION; NONLINEAR-THEORY; TENUOUS PLASMAS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SASE-FEL; PULSES AB This paper presents overviews of a number of processes and applications associated with high-power, high-intensity lasers, and their interactions. These processes and applications include: free electron lasers, backward Raman amplification, atmospheric propagation of laser pulses, laser driven acceleration, atmospheric lasing, and remote detection of radioactivity. The interrelated physical mechanisms in the various processes are discussed. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Hafizi, Bahman] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sprangle, Phillip] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Joint Technology Office; Department of Energy FX The authors want to thank our many colleagues for useful discussions and collaborations over the years: A. Ting, J. Penano, D. Gordon, C. M. Tang, E. Esarey, R. Fernsler, J. Krall, R. Hubbard, W. Manheimer, M. Lampe, C. Roberson, C. Kapetanakos, H. Freund, H. Milchberg, A. Zigler, T. Antonsen, D. Papadopoulos, S. Suckewer, M. Scully, and V. Granatstein. The authors also appreciate the support and encouragement of the Naval Research Laboratory, the Office of Naval Research, the Joint Technology Office, and the Department of Energy. The authors want to give special thanks to Quentin Saulter and David Sutter for their encouragement and enthusiastic support throughout the years. NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 AR 055402 DI 10.1063/1.4878356 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AI7UY UT WOS:000337107200082 ER PT J AU Yang, S Hawkins, J Richardson, K AF Yang, Song Hawkins, Jeffrey Richardson, Kim TI The Improved NRL Tropical Cyclone Monitoring System with a Unified Microwave Brightness Temperature Calibration Scheme SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE satellite microwave sensor; tropical cyclone; monitoring; calibration ID CLIMATE DATA RECORD; SSM/I SENSORS; DISTRIBUTIONS; FREQUENCIES; SIMULATION AB The near real-time NRL global tropical cyclone (TC) monitoring system based on multiple satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors is improved with a new inter-sensor calibration scheme to correct the biases caused by differences in these sensor's high frequency channels. Since the PMW sensor 89 GHz channel is used in multiple current and near future operational and research satellites, a unified scheme to calibrate all satellite PMW sensor's ice scattering channels to a common 89 GHz is created so that their brightness temperatures (T-BS) will be consistent and permit more accurate manual and automated analyses. In order to develop a physically consistent calibration scheme, cloud resolving model simulations of a squall line system over the west Pacific coast and hurricane Bonnie in the Atlantic Ocean are applied to simulate the views from different PMW sensors. To clarify the complicated TB biases due to the competing nature of scattering and emission effects, a four-cloud based calibration scheme is developed (rain, non-rain, light rain, and cloudy). This new physically consistent inter-sensor calibration scheme is then evaluated with the synthetic T-BS of hurricane Bonnie and a squall line as well as observed TCs. Results demonstrate the large TB biases up to 13 K for heavy rain situations before calibration between TMI and AMSR-E are reduced to less than 3 K after calibration. The comparison stats show that the overall bias and RMSE are reduced by 74% and 66% for hurricane Bonnie, and 98% and 85% for squall lines, respectively. For the observed hurricane Igor, the bias and RMSE decrease 41% and 25% respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of TB calibrations between PMW sensors in order to systematically monitor the global TC life cycles in terms of intensity, inner core structure and convective organization. A physics-based calibration scheme on TC's TB corrections developed in this study is able to significantly reduce the biases between different PMW sensors. C1 [Yang, Song; Hawkins, Jeffrey; Richardson, Kim] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM song.yang@nrlmry.navy.mil; jeffrey.hawkins@nrlmry.navy.mil; kim.richardson@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Oceanographer of the Navy via the program office at the PEO [C4I/PMW-120, PE-0603207N] FX The authors would like to thank Scott Braun and William Olson at NASA/GSFC for providing the cloud resolving model simulations of hurricane Bonnie and squall line. We acknowledge the support of the Oceanographer of the Navy via the program office at the PEO C4I/PMW-120 under Program Element PE-0603207N. We would also like to thank the members of the NRL TC web team who helped make the intercomparisons possible (Tom Lee, Joe Turk, Buck Sampson, Mindy Surratt, and John Kent). NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 6 IS 5 BP 4563 EP 4581 DI 10.3390/rs6054563 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AI8JW UT WOS:000337160700049 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Giordano, BC Sivaprakasam, V Ananth, R Hammond, M Merritt, CD Tucker, JE Malito, M Eversole, JD Rose-Pehrsson, S AF Collins, Greg E. Giordano, Braden C. Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi Ananth, Ramagopal Hammond, Mark Merritt, Charles D. Tucker, John E. Malito, Michael Eversole, Jay D. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan TI Continuous flow, explosives vapor generator and sensor chamber SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESORPTION INSTRUMENTATION; DEPOSITION CALIBRATION METHOD; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; SELECTIVE DETECTION; PHASE; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; FILMS; TNT AB A novel liquid injection vapor generator (LIVG) is demonstrated that is amenable to low vapor pressure explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine. The LIVG operates in a continuous manner, providing a constant and stable vapor output over a period of days and whose concentration can be extended over as much as three orders of magnitude. In addition, a large test atmosphere chamber attached to the LIVG is described, which enables the generation of a stable test atmosphere with controllable humidity and temperature. The size of the chamber allows for the complete insertion of testing instruments or arrays of materials into a uniform test atmosphere, and various electrical feedthroughs, insertion ports, and sealed doors permit simple and effective access to the sample chamber and its vapor. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Collins, Greg E.; Giordano, Braden C.; Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi; Ananth, Ramagopal; Hammond, Mark; Merritt, Charles D.; Tucker, John E.; Eversole, Jay D.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Malito, Michael] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX Special thanks to the Transportation Security Laboratory (TSL) for their generous support in donating both the design and hardware for the first generation LIVG upon which this work is based. The authors would also like to thank Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for funding support of this effort through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Finally, the authors thank Russell Jeffries of Nova Research, Inc. for invaluable discussion. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. This is in accordance with DoDI 5230.29, January 8, 2009. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 AR 054101 DI 10.1063/1.4871798 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AI7UD UT WOS:000337104600040 PM 24880386 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Tsai, HC AF Elsberry, Russell L. Tsai, Hsiao-Chung TI Situation-dependent intensity skill metric and intensity spread guidance for western North Pacific tropical cyclones SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone; typhoon; tropical cyclone forecasts; tropical cyclone intensity ID ECMWF 32-DAY ENSEMBLE; INTRASEASONAL TIMESCALES; PREDICTION SCHEME; FORECASTS; EVENTS; TRACKS AB A situation-dependent intensity prediction (SDIP) technique is developed for western North Pacific tropical cyclones that is based on the average of the intensity changes from the 10 best historical track analogs to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center best-tracks. The selection of the 10 best track analogs is also conditioned on the current intensity, and it is demonstrated that for a subsample of current intensities less than or equal to 35 kt the intensity mean absolute errors (MAEs) and biases are smaller than for the greater than 35 kt intensity subsample. The SDIP is demonstrated to have advantages as an intensity skill measure at forecast intervals beyond 36 h compared to the current climatology and persistence technique that uses only variables available at the initial time. The SDIP has significantly smaller intensity MAEs beyond 36 h with an almost 20% reduction at 120 h, has significantly smaller intensity biases than the present skill metric beyond 12 h, and explains 36% of the intensity variability at 120 h compared to 20% explained variance for the current technique. The probability distributions of intensities at 72 h and 120 h predicted by the SDIP are also a better match of the distribution of the verifying observations. Intensity spread guidance each 12 h to 120 h is developed from the intensity spread among the 10 best historical track analogs. The intensity spread is calibrated to ensure that the SDIP forecasts will have a probability of detection (PoD) of at least 68.26%. While this calibrated intensity spread is specifically for the SDIP technique, it would provide a first-order spread guidance for the PoD for the official intensity forecast, which would be useful intensity uncertainty information for forecasters and decision-makers. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.; Tsai, Hsiao-Chung] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX Dr. H.-C. Tsai is a National Research Council post-doc at the Naval Postgraduate School. He and Professor R. L. Elsberry are supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Dr. Mark DeMaria provided Fig. 1 and Dr. John Knaff provided the code for ST5D. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s13143-014-0018-5 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI4CD UT WOS:000336812300005 ER PT J AU Sokolovsky, KV Schinzel, FK Tanaka, YT Abolmasov, PK Angelakis, E Bulgarelli, A Carrasco, L Cenko, SB Cheung, CC Clubb, KI D'Ammando, F Escande, L Fegan, SJ Filippenko, AV Finke, JD Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Hays, E Healey, SE Ikejiri, Y Itoh, R Kawabata, KS Komatsu, T Kovalev, YA Kovalev, YY Krichbaum, TP Larsson, S Lister, ML Lott, B Max-Moerbeck, W Nestoras, I Pittori, C Pursimo, T Pushkarev, AB Readhead, ACS Recillas, E Richards, JL Riquelme, D Romani, RW Sakimoto, K Sasada, M Schmidt, R Shaw, MS Sievers, A Thompson, DJ Uemura, M Ungerechts, H Vercellone, S Verrecchia, F Yamanaka, M Yoshida, M Zensus, JA AF Sokolovsky, K. V. Schinzel, F. K. Tanaka, Y. T. Abolmasov, P. K. Angelakis, E. Bulgarelli, A. Carrasco, L. Cenko, S. B. Cheung, C. C. Clubb, K. I. D'Ammando, F. Escande, L. Fegan, S. J. Filippenko, A. V. Finke, J. D. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Hays, E. Healey, S. E. Ikejiri, Y. Itoh, R. Kawabata, K. S. Komatsu, T. Kovalev, Yu A. Kovalev, Y. Y. Krichbaum, T. P. Larsson, S. Lister, M. L. Lott, B. Max-Moerbeck, W. Nestoras, I. Pittori, C. Pursimo, T. Pushkarev, A. B. Readhead, A. C. S. Recillas, E. Richards, J. L. Riquelme, D. Romani, R. W. Sakimoto, K. Sasada, M. Schmidt, R. Shaw, M. S. Sievers, A. Thompson, D. J. Uemura, M. Ungerechts, H. Vercellone, S. Verrecchia, F. Yamanaka, M. Yoshida, M. Zensus, J. A. TI Two active states of the narrow-line gamma-ray-loud AGN GB 1310+487 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quasars: individual: GB 1310+487; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; galaxies: active ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; INVERSE-COMPTON CATASTROPHE; COMPACT NONTHERMAL SOURCES; FERMI-DETECTED BLAZARS; RAPID TEV VARIABILITY; AGILE SPACE MISSION AB Context. Previously unremarkable, the extragalactic radio source GB 1310+487 showed gamma-ray flare on 2009 November 18, reaching a daily flux of similar to 10(-6) photons cm(-2) s(-1) at energies E > 100 MeV and became one of the brightest GeV sources for about two weeks. Its optical spectrum shows strong forbidden-line emission while lacking broad permitted lines, which is not typical for a blazar. Instead, the spectrum resembles those of narrow emission-line galaxies. Aims. We investigate changes in the object's radio-to-GeV spectral energy distribution (SED) during and after the prominent gamma-ray flare with the aim of determining the nature of the object and of constraining the origin of the variable high-energy emission. Methods. The data collected by the Fermi and AGILE satellites at gamma-ray energies; Swift at X-ray and ultraviolet (UV); the Kanata, NOT, and Keck telescopes at optical; OAGH and WISE at infrared (IR); and IRAM 30m, OVRO 40m, Effelsberg 100 m, RATAN-600, and VLBA at radio are analyzed together to trace the SED evolution on timescales of months. Results. The gamma-ray/ radio-loud narrow-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) is located at redshift z = 0.638. It shines through an unrelated foreground galaxy at z = 0.500. The AGN light is probably amplified by gravitational lensing. The AGN SED shows a two-humped structure typical of blazars and gamma-ray-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, with the high-energy (inverse-Compton) emission dominating by more than an order of magnitude over the low-energy (synchrotron) emission during gamma-ray flares. The difference between the two SED humps is smaller during the low-activity state. Fermi observations reveal a strong correlation between the gamma-ray flux and spectral index, with the hardest spectrum observed during the brightest gamma-ray state. The gamma-ray flares occurred before and during a slow rising trend in the radio, but no direct association between gamma-ray and radio flares could be established. Conclusions. If the gamma-ray flux is a mixture of synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton emission, the observed GeV spectral variability may result from varying relative contributions of these two emission components. This explanation fits the observed changes in the overall IR to gamma-ray SED. C1 [Sokolovsky, K. V.; Schinzel, F. K.; Angelakis, E.; Fuhrmann, L.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Nestoras, I.; Pushkarev, A. B.; Schmidt, R.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Sokolovsky, K. V.; Kovalev, Yu A.; Kovalev, Y. Y.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Sokolovsky, K. V.; Abolmasov, P. K.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Schinzel, F. K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Tanaka, Y. T.; Kawabata, K. S.; Uemura, M.; Yoshida, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Bulgarelli, A.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Carrasco, L.; Recillas, E.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Mexico City 72860, DF, Mexico. [Cenko, S. B.; Clubb, K. I.; Filippenko, A. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cenko, S. B.; Hays, E.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-060123 Perugia, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF IRA Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Escande, L.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fegan, S. J.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91120 Palaiseau, France. [Finke, J. D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Ikejiri, Y.; Itoh, R.; Komatsu, T.; Sakimoto, K.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Healey, S. E.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticie Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lister, M. L.; Richards, J. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France. [Lott, B.] CNRS, CENBG, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France. [Max-Moerbeck, W.; Readhead, A. C. S.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Pittori, C.; Verrecchia, F.] ASI ASDC, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Pursimo, T.] Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Spain. [Pushkarev, A. B.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Pushkarev, A. B.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, UA-98409 Nauchnyi, Crimea, Ukraine. [Riquelme, D.; Sievers, A.; Ungerechts, H.] Inst Radioastron Milimetr, Granada 18012, Spain. [Sasada, M.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Vercellone, S.] INAF IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Yamanaka, M.] Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. RP Sokolovsky, KV (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kirx@scan.sai.msu.ru RI Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Sokolovsky, Kirill/D-2246-2015; Kovalev, Yuri/N-1053-2015; Pushkarev, Alexander/M-9997-2015; Pittori, Carlotta/C-7710-2016 OI Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Sokolovsky, Kirill/0000-0001-5991-6863; Pittori, Carlotta/0000-0001-6661-9779 FU INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain); NASA [NNX08AW31G, NNG06GG1G]; NSF [AST-0808050, AST-1211916]; NASA-Fermi [NNX08AV67G]; W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA Fermi Guest Investigator program [NXX12A075G]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-02-00368, 13-02-12103]; Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [8405, 14.518.11.7054]; Dynasty Foundation; Science Education Complex of the Lebedev Physical Inst. (UNK-FIAN); Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences; NASA/Fermi [NNX12AF12GA]; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; NASA FX We thank Sara Cutini, Marco Ajello, Denis Bastieri, Boris Komberg, Seth Digel, Luca Latronico and the anonymous referee for discussions and comments that helped improve this paper. The Fermi/LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, and the Swedish Research Council as well as the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales in France. We acknowledge the use of public data from the Swift data archive at the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Based in part on observations with the 100m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie) and the IRAM 30m telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). The OVRO 40m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNG06GG1G, and by NSF grant AST-0808050. This research has made use of data from the MOJAVE database that is maintained by the MOJAVE team (Lister et al. 2009a). The data presented herein were obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOTSA. The MOJAVE project is supported under NASA-Fermi grant NNX08AV67G. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. We thank O. Fox, P. Kelly, I. Shivvers, and W. Zheng for assistance with some of the Keck observations. The near-IR observations were carried out with the 2.1m telescope of the Guillermo Haro Observatory, INAOE, Mexico. F. K. S. and K. V. S. were partly supported for this research. F. K. S. acknowledges support by the NASA Fermi Guest Investigator program, grant NXX12A075G. I.N. and R. S. are members of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne. K. V. S., Y. A. K., and Y. Y. K. were supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Projects 11-02-00368 and 13-02-12103), the basic research program "Active processes in galactic and extragalactic objects" of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 8405). Y. Y. K. was also supported by the Dynasty Foundation.; RATAN-600 operations were carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract 14.518.11.7054). K. V. S. was supported by the Science Education Complex of the Lebedev Physical Inst. (UNK-FIAN). A. B. P. was supported by the "Non-stationary processes in the Universe" Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A. V. F. and S. B. C. are grateful for the support of NASA/Fermi grant NNX12AF12GA, NSF grant AST-1211916, the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, and Gary and Cynthia Bengier. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We also used NASA's Astrophysics Data System. K. V. S. thanks Maria Mogilen for her help in preparing this manuscript. NR 204 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 565 AR A26 DI 10.1051/0000-6361/201220703 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AI3AN UT WOS:000336730900026 ER PT J AU Dorsey, WM Coleman, JO Kindt, RW Mital, R AF Dorsey, W. Mark Coleman, Jeffrey O. Kindt, Rick W. Mital, Rashmi TI Second-Order Cone Programming for Scan-Plane Reconstruction for the Wavelength-Scaled Array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna measurement; antenna pattern synthesis; calibration; phased arrays; near-field far-field transformation ID DESIGN; SDPT3 AB The wavelength-scaled array architecture reduces the element count in large, ultrawideband antenna arrays by segmenting the aperture into subapertures of varying sizes and bandwidths. This results in an asymmetrical aperture of dissimilar elements with associated patterns that require significant correction. Here, we assess narrowband array performance using its far-field pattern as obtained in two steps. First, we characterize individual elements using planar near-field measurements. Second, we use second-order cone programming to optimize the complex element weights that generate the desired individual far-field element patterns derived from those measurements. This document details the far-field optimization technique, referred to here as optimized scan-plane reconstruction, and uses it to demonstrate that the asymmetric wavelength-scaled array can support low global sidelobe reduction, deep localized nulls, and/or mainbeam scanning like a conventional symmetric array. C1 [Dorsey, W. Mark; Coleman, Jeffrey O.; Kindt, Rick W.; Mital, Rashmi] US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dorsey, WM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wmdorsey@vt.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 62 IS 5 BP 2826 EP 2831 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2307307 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AI2DP UT WOS:000336667900054 ER PT J AU English, CR Wheeler, VD Garces, NY Nepal, N Nath, A Hite, JK Mastro, MA Eddy, CR AF English, Caroline R. Wheeler, Virginia D. Garces, Nelson Y. Nepal, Neeraj Nath, Anindya Hite, Jennifer K. Mastro, Michael A. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Impact of surface treatments on high-kappa dielectric integration with Ga-polar and N-polar GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; FILMS; GROWTH; OXIDES; XPS AB Gallium-and nitrogen-polar GaN surfaces are subjected to a variety of pretreatments, including oxidation, before the application of high-kappa dielectrics by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in order to assess the "best" preparation of smooth, clean, and electrically high-performing dielectric semiconductor interfaces. In terms of topographical and chemical cleanliness, a pretreatment with a wet chemical piranha etch (H2SO4:H2O2) was found to be optimum for both surfaces, and additionally, (NH4)(2)S is effective for N-polar surfaces. Both thermal and plasma oxidations were employed for controlled growth of native oxides. For Ga-polar surfaces, all native oxides were as smooth as pretreated surfaces, while for N-polar surfaces, all native oxides are much rougher except for very short, high temperature oxidations. ALD Al2O3 films on Ga-polar surfaces are smoother for pretreated surfaces than for as-received surfaces, whereas for N-polar surfaces the opposite is true. In general, ALD HfO2 films on Ga-polar surfaces are rougher (0.8 nm rms) than Al2O3 films (0.1 nm rms), whereas for piranha treated N-polar surfaces, HfO2 films are smoother than Al2O3 films. For Ga-polar surfaces, capacitance-voltage measurements of simple Al2O3 (measured kappa = 9) capacitors show the smallest hysteresis for unintentionally oxidized surfaces (0.37 V), whereas simple HfO2 (measured kappa = 14) capacitors show the smallest hysteresis for a thermal GaOx at the interface (0.1 V). In both cases, the thicker the GaOx at the interface the larger the negative threshold voltage shift-suggesting an electron trap. Calculated total trapped charges associated with the dielectrics range from 3.2 x 10(11) cm(-2) (for HfO2 on thermally oxidized GaN) to 1 x 10(12) cm(2) for Al2O3 on thermally oxidized GaN and HfO2 on plasma oxidized GaN. Finally, the leakage current density for nearly all capacitors is <10(-5) A-cm(2) at +8V bias. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [English, Caroline R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wheeler, Virginia D.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garces, Nelson Y.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Nepal, Neeraj] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Nath, Anindya] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chip.eddy@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU American Association for Engineering Education Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program; American Association for Engineering Education NRL Postdoctoral Fellow Program; Office of Naval Research; NSF [CHE0911543] FX C. R. English gratefully acknowledges the support of the American Association for Engineering Education Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program. N. Nepal gratefully acknowledges the support of the American Association for Engineering Education NRL Postdoctoral Fellow Program. Work performed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Preparation of this manuscript was partially supported by NSF grant CHE0911543. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 46 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 AR 03D106 DI 10.1116/1.4831875 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AI7IV UT WOS:000337061900006 ER PT J AU Garces, NY Meyer, DJ Wheeler, VD Liliental-Weber, Z Gaskill, DK Eddy, CR AF Garces, Nelson Y. Meyer, David J. Wheeler, Virginia D. Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna Gaskill, David K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of nanolaminates for gate dielectric applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; AL2O3; SEMICONDUCTORS; SURFACE; GROWTH; OXIDES; TIO2 AB Thin [(x)Al2O3 + (y)TiO2] nanolaminates (NLs) films of various TiO2 and Al2O3 volume fractions were deposited on n-Si substrates at 250 degrees C using remote plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition. While the overall thickness of the dielectric was held relatively constant at similar to 16 nm, the relative ratio of Al2O3 to TiO2 in the NL was varied by changing the number of deposition cycles of each component. This permitted the evaluation of changes in the dielectric constant kappa, index of refraction N-f, optical band gap, E-g, and the electrical performance of the resulting oxides. Capacitance-voltage and current-voltage results on 100 mu m diameter circular capacitors were obtained. The data reveals that the high-content TiO2 films show limited evidence of oxide charge trapping and relatively large dielectric constants (k similar to 15) with reduced reverse-biased leakage current, whereas the high-content Al2O3 films offer a larger optical band-gap and excellent insulating character with reduced leakage currents. In addition, the authors present composition assessments of the oxides by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Garces, Nelson Y.; Meyer, David J.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Gaskill, David K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garces, Nelson Y.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Wheeler, Virginia D.] ASEE, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garces, NY (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nelson.garces@nrl.navy.mil FU American Society for Engineering Education Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; D. Zapotok at NRL nanoscience institute FX V.D.W. acknowledges the support of the American Society for Engineering Education Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The work in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The use of the National Center for Electron microscopy at the LBNL is greatly appreciated. Support from D. Zapotok at NRL nanoscience institute is greatly appreciated. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 AR 03D101 DI 10.1116/1.4818254 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AI7IV UT WOS:000337061900001 ER PT J AU Liakos, A Malamataris, NA AF Liakos, Anastasios Malamataris, Nikolaos A. TI Direct numerical simulation of steady state, three dimensional, laminar flow around a wall mounted cube SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER; BACKWARD-FACING STEP; PROTRUDING ELEMENTS; CHANNEL FLOW; FORCED-CONVECTION; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; SEPARATED FLOWS; TURBULENT-FLOW; ASPECT RATIO; OBSTACLES AB The topology and evolution of flow around a surface mounted cubical object in three dimensional channel flow is examined for low to moderate Reynolds numbers. Direct numerical simulations were performed via a home made parallel finite element code. The computational domain has been designed according to actual laboratory experiment conditions. Analysis of the results is performed using the three dimensional theory of separation. Our findings indicate that a tornado-like vortex by the side of the cube is present for all Reynolds numbers for which flow was simulated. A horseshoe vortex upstream from the cube was formed at Reynolds number approximately 1266. Pressure distributions are shown along with three dimensional images of the tornado-like vortex and the horseshoe vortex at selected Reynolds numbers. Finally, and in accordance to previous work, our results indicate that the upper limit for the Reynolds number for which steady state results are physically realizable is roughly 2000. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Liakos, Anastasios] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Malamataris, Nikolaos A.] George Mason Univ, School Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Liakos, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM liakos@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research Global Visiting Scientist Program (ONRG-VSP) [N62909-13-1-V016]; Office of Research of the U.S. Naval Academy FX Author N.A.M. acknowledges the financial support from the Office of Naval Research Global Visiting Scientist Program (ONRG-VSP, Grant No. N62909-13-1-V016).; Additionally, author A.L. would like to thank the Office of Research of the U.S. Naval Academy for their financial support, and Prof. Edriss Titi of the Weizmann Institute of Science for his input. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2014 VL 26 IS 5 AR 053603 DI 10.1063/1.4876176 PG 27 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AI7TZ UT WOS:000337103900025 ER PT J AU Coeytaux, RR Schmit, KM Kraft, BD Kosinski, AS Mingo, AM Vann, LM Gilstrap, DL Hargett, W Heidenfelder, B Dolor, RJ McCrory, DC AF Coeytaux, Remy R. Schmit, Kristine M. Kraft, Bryan D. Kosinski, Andrzej S. Mingo, Alicea M. Vann, Lisa M. Gilstrap, Daniel L. Hargett, William Heidenfelder, Brooke Dolor, Rowena J. McCrory, Douglas C. TI Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Drug Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS EPOPROSTENOL; ENDOTHELIN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DOUBLE-BLIND; INHALED ILOPROST; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EISENMENGER-SYNDROME; SILDENAFIL CITRATE; BOSENTAN THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; TREPROSTINIL AB Background: Current treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been shown to improve dyspnea, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and pulmonary hemodynamics, but few studies were designed to compare treatment regimens or assess the impact of treatment on mortality. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of monotherapy or combination therapy for PAH using endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, or prostanoids. We searched English-language publications of comparative studies that reported intermediate or long-term outcomes associated with drug therapy for PAH. Two investigators abstracted data and rated study quality and applicability. Results: We identified 28 randomized controlled trials involving 3,613 patients. We found no studies that randomized treatment-naive patients to monotherapy vs combination therapy. There was insufficient statistical power to detect a mortality difference associated with treatment. All drug classes demonstrated increases in 6MWD when compared with placebo, and combination therapy showed improved 6MWD compared with monotherapy. For hospitalization, the OR was lower in patients taking endothelin receptor antagonists or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors compared with placebo (OR, 0.34 and 0.48, respectively). Conclusions: Although no studies were powered to detect a mortality reduction, monotherapy was associated with improved 6MWD and reduced hospitalization rates. Our findings also suggest an improvement in 6MWD when a second drug is added to monotherapy. C1 [Coeytaux, Remy R.; Schmit, Kristine M.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community & Family Med, Durham, NC USA. [Kraft, Bryan D.; Gilstrap, Daniel L.; Hargett, William] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm Med, Durham, NC USA. [Kosinski, Andrzej S.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. [Coeytaux, Remy R.; Heidenfelder, Brooke; Dolor, Rowena J.; McCrory, Douglas C.] Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Duke Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Mingo, Alicea M.] United States Navy, Durham, NC USA. [Vann, Lisa M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hosp Med, Durham, NC USA. [Dolor, Rowena J.; McCrory, Douglas C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Dolor, Rowena J.; McCrory, Douglas C.] Dept Vet Affairs, Ctr Hlth Serv Res Primary Care, Durham, NC USA. RP Coeytaux, RR (reprint author), Duke Clin Res Inst, 2400 Pratt St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM remy.coeytaux@dm.duke.edu FU Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services [290-2007-10066-I] FX This project was funded under the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services [Contract No. 290-2007-10066-I]. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2014 VL 145 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1063 DI 10.1378/chest.13-1864 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA AI0IZ UT WOS:000336532100023 PM 24371842 ER PT J AU Mehlhorn, TA AF Mehlhorn, Thomas A. TI National Security Research in Plasma Physics and Pulsed Power: Past, Present, and Future SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Accelerators; charged particle beams (CPBs); cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas; detection of special nuclear material (SNM) and weapons of mass destruction (WMD); directed energy (DE); electromagnetic launchers; electromagnetic pulse; free-electron laser (FEL); geomagnetic storm; high-altitude nuclear explosions (HANE); high-power lasers; inertial confinement fusion (ICF); nuclear weapons effects (NWE); plasma biology; plasma medicine; plasma physics; plasma processing; pulsed power; radiation belts; radiography; railgun; repetitive electron beams; solid-state pulsed power; space weather ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; RESISTIVE HOSE INSTABILITY; BEAM-GENERATED PLASMAS; ENERGY-DENSITY PLASMA; ROD-PINCH DIODE; BLOOD-COAGULATION; ELECTRON-BEAMS; FUSION ENERGY; FIBER LASERS; PBFA-II AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was established in 1923 to fulfill Thomas Edison's vision of a government research laboratory that could develop and translate scientific knowledge into effective military systems in times of war. The NRL Plasma Physics Division was established in 1966 to create X-ray simulators for testing the effects of nuclear weapons on materials and components of military hardware, to study the physics and effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions, and to perform nuclear fusion research. This paper traces the development of pulsed power and plasma physics from 1940 to the present day through a set of graphical timeframes that depict both the major geopolitical events and the major pulsed power facilities that were noteworthy in a series of 15-20 year epochs. Pulsed power research began at the U. K. Atomic Weapons Establishment, where it was first used for radiography. Subsequently, Sandia, Los Alamos, and Livermore performed pulsed power research for an expanding set of missions. The earliest facilities consisted mostly of single-module machines that had limited ability to synchronize and pulse shape. The 1983 Strategic Defense Initiative led to the development of technologies for directed energy weapons, railguns, and X-ray lasers. The cessation of nuclear testing in 1992 created an increased need for above ground testing including advanced radiography, nuclear weapons effects simulators, hydrotest facilities, and inertial confinement fusion devices. The Stockpile Stewardship Program, which began in the mid-1990s, saw the construction of several major facilities [ e. g., National Ignition Facility, Z, Omega, and DAHRT], with increased power, as well as sophisticated synchronization and pulse shaping capabilities. In 2012, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced a strategic pivot to the joint force of 2020 and a rebalance toward the Asian-Pacific region. Looking to the future, a number of DoD documents describe the need to develop and deploy transformational technologies. For example, the 2012 Naval S&T Strategic Plan emphasizes hypervelocity railguns, DE, the detection and neutralization of weapons of mass destruction, and the ability to retain access in contested environments, especially in space. Future military systems will require pulsed power that is compact, repetitive, efficient, and is thermally managed. Low-temperature plasmas and nonequilibrium plasma chemistry are emerging research areas that could impact DoD missions. Atmospheric plasmas are creating new opportunities in plasma biology and plasma medicine. The research capabilities of the rest of the world, especially China, are rapidly growing, and new ideas and capabilities will increasingly come from outside of the U. S. This paper explores some of the future challenges and opportunities for plasma physics and pulsed power research. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mehlhorn, TA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.mehlhorn@nrl.navy.mil NR 198 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 54 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1088 EP 1117 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2310468 PN 1 PG 30 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AI1DT UT WOS:000336591000002 ER PT J AU Tax, DS Rock, BY Fox, BJ Jawla, SK Schaub, SC Shapiro, MA Temkin, RJ Vernon, RJ AF Tax, David S. Rock, Benjamin Y. Fox, Bryan J. Jawla, Sudheer K. Schaub, Samuel C. Shapiro, Michael A. Temkin, Richard J. Vernon, Ronald J. TI Experimental Results for a Pulsed 110/124.5-GHz Megawatt Gyrotron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fusion power generation; gyrotrons; high-power microwave generation; millimeter wave devices ID HIGH-POWER; FREQUENCY; OPERATION AB We report experimental results on a two frequency gyrotron, operating in the TE22,6 mode at 110 GHz and the TE24,7 mode at 124.5 GHz. The gyrotron uses the same electron gun as a previous single frequency 110-GHz gyrotron, with a new cavity and internal mode converter designed for optimized performance at the two frequencies. For a 98 kV, 42-A electron beam operating in 3-mu s pulses, an output power of 1.25 MW was obtained at 110 GHz (30% efficiency) and 1.0 MW at 124.5 GHz (24% efficiency). The highest power obtained was 1.4 MW with a 96 kV, 45-A beam (32% efficiency) at 110 GHz. In both modes, mode competition was minimal around the high-power operating point and operation was extremely stable. The output power and efficiency in the TE24,7 mode were limited by the electron beam quality. At both frequencies, excellent Gaussian beam content was found: 1) 99% for the TE22,6 mode and 2) 97% for the TE24,7 mode. Both output beams had waist radii of 2.65 cm, in very good agreement with theory. C1 [Tax, David S.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rock, Benjamin Y.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fox, Bryan J.; Vernon, Ronald J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jawla, Sudheer K.; Shapiro, Michael A.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schaub, Samuel C.; Temkin, Richard J.] MIT, Dept Phys, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tax, DS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dtax@alum.mit.edu; ben.rock@nrl.navy.mil; bryanfox@wisc.edu; sudheer@mit.edu; sschaub@mit.edu; shapiro@psfc.mit.edu; temkin@mit.edu; vernon@engr.wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences FX Manuscript received September 20, 2013; revised February 18, 2014 and March 10, 2014; accepted March 20, 2014. Date of publication April 15, 2014; date of current version May 6, 2014. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1128 EP 1134 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2314019 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AI1DT UT WOS:000336591000004 ER PT J AU Jones, B Jennings, CA Lamppa, DC Hansen, SB Harvey-Thompson, AJ Ampleford, DJ Cuneo, ME Strizic, T Johnson, D Jones, MC Moore, NW Flanagan, TM McKenney, JL Waisman, EM Coverdale, CA Krishnan, M Coleman, PL Elliott, KW Madden, RE Thompson, J Bixler, A Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Chong, YK Velikovich, AL Dasgupta, A Apruzese, JP AF Jones, Brent Jennings, Christopher A. Lamppa, Derek C. Hansen, Stephanie B. Harvey-Thompson, Adam J. Ampleford, David J. Cuneo, Michael E. Strizic, Thomas Johnson, Drew Jones, Michael C. Moore, Nathan W. Flanagan, Timothy M. McKenney, John L. Waisman, Eduardo M. Coverdale, Christine A. Krishnan, Mahadevan Coleman, Philip L. Elliott, Kristi Wilson Madden, Robert E. Thompson, John Bixler, Alex Thornhill, J. Ward Giuliani, John L. Chong, Young K. Velikovich, Alexander L. Dasgupta, Arati Apruzese, John P. TI A Renewed Capability for Gas Puff Science on Sandia's Z Machine SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gas puff; K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs); plasma pinch; supersonic nozzle; X-ray production ID K-SHELL LINE; Z-PINCH; RADIATION; PLASMA; ARGON; DIAGNOSTICS; TRANSPORT AB A comprehensive gas puff capability is being developed on the Z pulsed power generator. We describe the methodology employed for developing a gas puff load on Z, which combines characterization and modeling of the neutral gas mass flow from a supersonic nozzle, numerical modeling of the implosion of this mass profile, and experimental evaluation of these magnetic implosions on Z. We are beginning a multiyear science program to study gas puff z-pinch physics at high current, starting with an 8-cm diameter double-shell nozzle, which delivers a column of Ar gas that is imploded by the machine's fast current pulse. The initial shots have been designed using numerical simulation with two radiation-magnetohydrodynamic codes. These calculations indicate that 1 mg/cm should provide optimal coupling to the driver and 1.6:1 middle: outer shell mass ratio will best balance the need for high implosion velocity against the need to mitigate the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The models suggest 300-500-kJ Ar K-shell yield should be achievable on Z, and we report an initial commissioning shot at lower voltage in which 250 kJ was measured. Future experiments will pursue optimization of Ar and Kr K-shell X-ray sources, study fusion in deuterium gas puffs, and investigate the physics of gas puff implosions including energy coupling, instability growth, and radiation generation. C1 [Jones, Brent; Jennings, Christopher A.; Lamppa, Derek C.; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Harvey-Thompson, Adam J.; Ampleford, David J.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Strizic, Thomas; Johnson, Drew; Jones, Michael C.; Moore, Nathan W.; Flanagan, Timothy M.; McKenney, John L.; Waisman, Eduardo M.; Coverdale, Christine A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Krishnan, Mahadevan; Elliott, Kristi Wilson; Madden, Robert E.] Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Coleman, Philip L.] Evergreen Hill Sci, Philomath, OR 97370 USA. [Bixler, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thornhill, J. Ward; Giuliani, John L.; Chong, Young K.; Velikovich, Alexander L.; Dasgupta, Arati] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Apruzese, John P.] Engility Corp, Naval Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov; cajennin@sandia.gov; dclampp@sandia.gov; sbhanse@sandia.gov; ajharve@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov; mecuneo@sandia.gov; tstrizi@sandia.gov; dwjohns@sandia.gov; micjone@sandia.gov; nwmoore@sandia.gov; tmflana@sandia.gov; jmcken@sandia.gov; emwaism@sandia.gov; cacover@sandia.gov; krishnan@aasc.net; plcoleman@casco.net; wilson@aasc.net; madden@aasc.net; jthompsd@alumni.ucsd.edu; ajbixler@yahoo.com; thornhil@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil; chong@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; velikov@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; dasgupta@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; japruzese@hotmail.com FU Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received July 17, 2013; accepted October 7, 2013. Date of publication December 3, 2013; date of current version May 6, 2014. This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1152 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2287180 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AI1DT UT WOS:000336591000006 ER PT J AU Harff, B AF Harff, Barbara TI Genocide and International Relations: changing patterns in the transitions of the late modern world SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Harff, Barbara] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harff, B (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-5850 EI 1468-2346 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 BP 709 EP 710 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA AI0HN UT WOS:000336527200022 ER PT J AU Tuttle, SG Carter, CD Hsu, KY AF Tuttle, Steven G. Carter, Campbell D. Hsu, Kuang-Yu TI Particle Image Velocimetry in a Nonreacting and Reacting High-Speed Cavity SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC-FLOW; SHEAR-LAYER; COMBUSTION; FLAMEHOLDER; JET; TURBULENCE; SPECTRA; FIELDS; FLAMES; PIV AB Particle image velocimetry measurements were taken at the center plane of a high-speed cavity combustor in nonreacting and reacting conditions at fuel flows corresponding to medium, medium-high, and high fuel-loading conditions with supersonic core flow velocities. Calculation of the instantaneous and averaged pathlines, vorticity, swirling strength, and divergence of the velocity field revealed a highly unsteady three-dimensional flow with coherent eddy structures formed at the stagnation zone Of the shear layer against the downstream ramp of the cavity, which appear to be convected upstream in the cavity. Comparison of the shear layer location, thickness, and impingement stagnation zone revealed a number of changes in the mean and unsteady velocity behavior that were dependent on the heat release in the cavity and shear layer. As combustion shifted from the cavity at medium fuel loading into the shear layer at high fuel loading, the volumetric expansion compressed the primary recirculation zone and thickened the downstream boundary layer at the cavity exit. Combustion in the cavity tended to attenuate cavity and shear layer unsteadiness. When the combustion shifted to the shear layer, velocity unsteadiness increased, though not to the amplitudes measured without combustion. C1 [Tuttle, Steven G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovative Sci Solut Inc, AFRL RQHF, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Tuttle, SG (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, NRL 6185,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and was performed while the Corresponding Author was a National Research Council Research Associate at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. Further preparation of this work for publication was performed while the Corresponding Author was employed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and funded by the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to acknowledge the essential contributions of Gary Streby, Dave Schommer, and Bill Terry (Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc.) for their work designing and preparing the tunnel hardware and operating the tunnel during the experiment. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 576 EP 591 DI 10.2514/1.B34974 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AH7ZI UT WOS:000336353500006 ER PT J AU Sterbenz, JPG Hutchison, D Cetinkaya, EK Jabbar, A Rohrer, JP Scholler, M Smith, P AF Sterbenz, James P. G. Hutchison, David Cetinkaya, Egemen K. Jabbar, Abdul Rohrer, Justin P. Schoeller, Marcus Smith, Paul TI Redundancy, diversity, and connectivity to achieve multilevel network resilience, survivability, and disruption tolerance invited paper SO TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Resilient, survivable, disruption-tolerant Future Internet; Dependability, reliability, availability, performability; Redundancy, diversity, eventual connectivity; Cross-layer optimisation; Multilevel network analysis ID PERFORMABILITY; ARCHITECTURE; DESIGN; LAYER AB Communication networks are constructed as a multilevel stack of infrastructure, protocols, and mechanisms: links and nodes, topology, routing paths, interconnected realms (ASs), end-to-end transport, and application interaction. The resilience of each one of these levels provides a foundation for the next level to achieve an overall goal of a resilient, survivable, disruption-tolerant, and dependable Future Internet. This paper concentrates on three critical resilience disciplines and the corresponding mechanisms to achieve multilevel resilience: redundancy for fault tolerance, diversity for survivability, and connectivity for disruption tolerance. Cross-layering and the mechanisms at each level are described, including richly connected topologies, multipath diverse routing, and disruption-tolerant end-to-end transport. C1 [Sterbenz, James P. G.] Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Informat & Telecommun Techn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Sterbenz, James P. G.; Hutchison, David] Univ Lancaster, InfoLab21, Sch Comp & Commun, Lancaster, England. [Cetinkaya, Egemen K.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Rolla, MO USA. [Jabbar, Abdul] Gen Elect Global Res, Adv Commun Syst Lab, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Rohrer, Justin P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Schoeller, Marcus] NEC Labs Europe, Heidelberg, Germany. [Smith, Paul] AIT, Safety & Secur Dept, Seibersdorf, Austria. RP Sterbenz, JPG (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Informat & Telecommun Techn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM jpgs@ittc.ku.edu; dh@comp.lancs.ac.uk; cetinkayae@mst.edu; jabbar@ge.com; jprohrer@nps.edu; marcus.schoeller@neclab.eu; paul.smith@ait.ac.at OI Cetinkaya, Egemen/0000-0002-6394-4565 NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1018-4864 EI 1572-9451 J9 TELECOMMUN SYST JI Telecommun. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 56 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s11235-013-9816-9 PG 15 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA AI4BB UT WOS:000336809200003 ER PT J AU Rohrer, JP Jabbar, A Sterbenz, JPG AF Rohrer, Justin P. Jabbar, Abdul Sterbenz, James P. G. TI Path diversification for future internet end-to-end resilience and survivability SO TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Path diversification; Geographic diversity; Multi-path routing; Multi-path transport protocols; Network resilience; Survivability; Disruption tolerance; Dependability; Reliability; Availability; Performability; Topology; Measurement ID DIVERSITY AB Path Diversification is a new mechanism that can be used to select multiple paths between a given ingress and egress node pair using a quantified diversity measure to achieve maximum flow reliability. The path diversification mechanism is targeted at the end-to-end layer, but can be applied at any level for which a path discovery service is available. Path diversification also takes into account service requirements for low-latency or maximal reliability in selecting appropriate paths. Using this mechanism will allow future internetworking architectures to exploit naturally rich physical topologies to a far greater extent than is possible with shortest-path routing or equal-cost load balancing. We describe the path diversity metric and its application at various aggregation levels, and apply the path diversification process to 13 real-world network graphs as well as 4 synthetic topologies to asses the gain in flow reliability. Based on the analysis of flow reliability across a range of networks, we then extend our path diversity metric to create a composite compensated total graph diversity metric that is representative of a particular topology's survivability with respect to distributed simultaneous link and node failures. We tune the accuracy of this metric having simulated the performance of each topology under a range of failure severities, and present the results. The topologies used are from national-scale backbone networks with a variety of characteristics, which we characterize using standard graph-theoretic metrics. The end result is a compensated total graph diversity metric that accurately predicts the survivability of a given network topology. C1 [Rohrer, Justin P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jabbar, Abdul] GE Global Res, Adv Commun Syst Lab, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Sterbenz, James P. G.] Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Sterbenz, James P. G.] Univ Lancaster, InfoLab 21, Lancaster, England. RP Rohrer, JP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jprohrer@nps.edu; jabbar@ge.com; jpgs@ittc.ku.edu FU NSF FIND (Future Internet Design) Program [CNS-0626918]; NSF [CNS-1050226]; EU [224619] FX This is an extended version and substantial revision of papers that appeared in IEEE RNDM 2009 [37], IEEE DRCN 2009 [36], and IEEE/IFIP RNDM 2011 [38]. The authors would like to thank the members of the ResiliNets group for discussions which led to this work. This research was supported in part by NSF FIND (Future Internet Design) Program under grant CNS-0626918 (Postmodern Internet Architecture), by NSF grant CNS-1050226 (Multilayer Network Resilience Analysis and Experimentation on GENI), and by the EU FP7 FIRE programme ResumeNet project (grant agreement No. 224619). NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1018-4864 EI 1572-9451 J9 TELECOMMUN SYST JI Telecommun. Syst. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 56 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s11235-013-9818-7 PG 19 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA AI4BB UT WOS:000336809200005 ER PT J AU Rigler, S Kay, D Sicko, R Fan, R Liu, A Caggana, M Browne, M Druschel, C Romitti, P Brody, L Mills, J AF Rigler, S. Kay, D. Sicko, R. Fan, R. Liu, A. Caggana, M. Browne, M. Druschel, C. Romitti, P. Brody, L. Mills, J. TI Novel Copy Number Variants in a Population-Based Investigation of Heterotaxy-Associated Congenital Heart Disease SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rigler, S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Rigler, S.; Fan, R.; Liu, A.; Mills, J.] NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kay, D.; Sicko, R.; Caggana, M.; Browne, M.; Druschel, C.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Romitti, P.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Brody, L.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 100 IS 5 SI SI BP 397 EP 397 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA AH7AG UT WOS:000336283800071 ER PT J AU Boghossian, N Sicko, R Kay, D Rigler, S Yeung, E Druschel, C Romitti, P Browne, M Fan, R Liu, A Brody, L Mills, J AF Boghossian, N. Sicko, R. Kay, D. Rigler, S. Yeung, E. Druschel, C. Romitti, P. Browne, M. Fan, R. Liu, A. Brody, L. Mills, J. TI Rare Copy Number Variants in Urinary System and Reproductive Genes Implicated in Posterior Urethral Valves SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boghossian, N.; Yeung, E.; Fan, R.; Liu, A.; Mills, J.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sicko, R.; Kay, D.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Rigler, S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Druschel, C.; Browne, M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Albany, NY USA. [Romitti, P.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Brody, L.] NHGRI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Yeung, Edwina/F-5992-2015 OI Yeung, Edwina/0000-0002-3851-2613 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 100 IS 5 SI SI BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA AH7AG UT WOS:000336283800097 ER PT J AU Boghossian, N Sicko, R Kay, D Rigler, S Yeung, E Druschel, C Romitti, P Browne, M Fan, R Liu, A Brody, L Mills, J AF Boghossian, N. Sicko, R. Kay, D. Rigler, S. Yeung, E. Druschel, C. Romitti, P. Browne, M. Fan, R. Liu, A. Brody, L. Mills, J. TI Novel Copy Number Variants in a Population-Based Investigation of Prune Belly Syndrome SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boghossian, N.; Yeung, E.; Fan, R.; Liu, A.; Mills, J.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sicko, R.; Kay, D.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Rigler, S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Romitti, P.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Druschel, C.; Browne, M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Albany, NY USA. [Brody, L.] NHGRI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Yeung, Edwina/F-5992-2015 OI Yeung, Edwina/0000-0002-3851-2613 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 100 IS 5 SI SI BP 425 EP 425 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA AH7AG UT WOS:000336283800125 ER PT J AU Cai, W Singham, DI Craparo, EM White, JA AF Cai, W. Singham, D. I. Craparo, E. M. White, J. A. TI Pricing Contracts Under Uncertainty in a Carbon Capture and Storage Framework SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Carbon capture and storage; Pricing; Uncertainty quantification ID FOSSIL-FUEL POWER; CO2 CAPTURE; PERFORMANCE AB Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been demonstrated as a viable option for reducing carbon emissions to the atmosphere. We consider a situation where a tax on emissions is imposed on carbon dioxide (CO2) producers to encourage their participation in CCS. Operators of CO2 transportation pipelines and storage sites enter into individual contracts with emissions producers to store CO2. We study the problem of selecting the optimal price and volume of these contracts under both cost and emissions uncertainty to optimize the storage operators expected profit. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cai, W.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Singham, D. I.; Craparo, E. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [White, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cai, W (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. OI Cai, Wenbo/0000-0002-6448-4900 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 EI 1873-6181 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 43 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2014.02.003 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AH4PI UT WOS:000336110100008 ER PT J AU Yoon, W Townsend, TK Lumb, MP Tischler, JG Foos, EE AF Yoon, Woojun Townsend, Troy K. Lumb, Matthew P. Tischler, Joseph G. Foos, Edward E. TI Sintered CdTe Nanocrystal Thin Films: Determination of Optical Constants and Application in Novel Inverted Heterojunction Solar Cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CdSe; CdTe; heterojunction; nanocrystal; photovoltaic (PV); quantum dot; Schottky barrier; solar cell ID SPRAY DEPOSITION; CDS AB In this paper, we report a novel heterojunction solar cell based on sintered CdTe and CdSe nanocrystal thin films using solution-based deposition. For the absorber layer, CdTe thin films were made using a layer-by-layer deposition process consisting of spin coating colloidal CdTe nanocrystals followed by a sintering step. The optical constants for these sintered CdTe films were accurately determined through a combination of optical modeling and measurements. For the all-solution processed p-n heterojunction, we focus on CdSe nanocrystal thin films due to their excellent compatibility with solution processing. For the optimized inverted structure (glass/ITO/CdSe/CdTe/Cr/Au), a high open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 593 +/- 32 mV with an efficiency of 1.9 +/- 0.2% was obtained under simulated one sun illumination. These preliminary results demonstrate that this novel inverted heterojunction structure has the potential to produce a high-quality CdSe/CdTe junction for utilization in heterojunction solar cells. C1 [Yoon, Woojun; Townsend, Troy K.; Lumb, Matthew P.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Foos, Edward E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoon, W (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM woojun.yoon@ieee.org; troy.townsend.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; matthew.lumb.ctr.uk@nrl.navy.mil; tischler@nrl.navy.mil; edward.foos@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X EI 1941-0085 J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 13 IS 3 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2014.2310139 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AH4IQ UT WOS:000336091000023 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Lin, SJ Griffies, SM Hemer, MA AF Fan, Yalin Lin, Shian-Jiann Griffies, Stephen M. Hemer, Mark A. TI Simulated Global Swell and Wind-Sea Climate and Their Responses to Anthropogenic Climate Change at the End of the Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate prediction; Climate models; Coupled models; Seasonal variability ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; WAVE-DRIVEN WIND; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EL-NINO; OCEAN; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ICE; OSCILLATION AB The seasonal structure of the wind sea and swell is analyzed from the existing 29-yr surface gravity wave climatology produced using a coupled atmosphere-wave model. The swell energy fraction analysis shows that swell dominates most of the World Ocean basins for all four seasons, and the Southern Ocean swells dominate swell in the global ocean. The swells are loosely correlated with the surface wind in the midlatitude storm region in both hemispheres, while their energy distribution and propagation direction do not show any relation with local winds and vary significantly with season because of nonlinear interactions. The same coupled system is then used to investigate the projected future change in wind-sea and swell climate through a time-slice simulation. Forcing of the coupled model was obtained by perturbing the model sea surface temperatures and sea ice with anomalies generated by representative Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) coupled models that use the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) A1B scenario late in the twenty-first century. Robust responses found in the wind seas are associated with modified climate indices. A dipole pattern in the North Atlantic during the boreal winter is associated with more frequent occurrence of the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phases under global warming, and the wind-sea energy increase in the Southern Ocean is associated with the continuous shift of the southern annular mode (SAM) toward its positive phase. Swell responses are less robust because of nonlinearity. The only consistent response in swells is the strong energy increase in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral winter and autumn. C1 [Fan, Yalin] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fan, Yalin; Lin, Shian-Jiann; Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hemer, Mark A.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Hemer, Mark A.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Hemer, Mark A.] Bur Meteorol, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yalin.fan.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Hemer, Mark/M-1905-2013 OI Hemer, Mark/0000-0002-7725-3474 FU Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program by NOAA FX The authors thank Drs. I. M. Held and M. Winton for valuable discussions on the interpretation of these results and Z. Liang for helping to develop the coupled atmosphere-wave model system used in this study. Yalin Fan was partially supported by the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program by NOAA. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments, all of whom greatly helped to improve this manuscript. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 27 IS 10 BP 3516 EP 3536 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00198.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG6PO UT WOS:000335541100004 ER PT J AU Tressler, JF Corsaro, RD AF Tressler, James F. Corsaro, Robert D. TI Properties of Corprene, revisited (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Corprene has long been used in underwater projectors and receivers as an acoustic isolation material. Based on data initially reported by Higgs and Eriksson for type DC-100 Corprene [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46, 1254-1258 (1969)], a simple set of empirical relations is formulated that allow its density, sound speed, and acoustic attenuation to be estimated over a wide range of pressures. Laboratory measurements of the compressibility of recently manufactured material are also reported. One of the primary motivations behind this present study is to accurately determine the compressibility of Corprene. This information is needed to ascertain the variable ballast in a submersible as it goes to depth. This newly reported data, which additionally include measurement of hysteresis, agree with the results published by the aforementioned authors, indicating that this common material has remained unchanged over the past four decades. C1 [Tressler, James F.] Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Corsaro, Robert D.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.tressler@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 135 IS 5 BP 2481 EP 2484 DI 10.1121/1.4869690 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AH5HV UT WOS:000336160000005 PM 24815230 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. TI The Jonker-Volgenant algorithm applied to click-train separation (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ASSIGNMENT AB The problem of click-train separation is cast as a linear assignment problem to obtain a faster solution guaranteed to achieve the global minimum error. It is shown how the problem can be cast in a compact matrix form that is solvable by an off-the-shelf algorithm, the Jonker-Volgenant algorithm. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Dept 1511, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Dept 1511, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org FU ONR marine mammal Advanced Detection Classification and Localization (ADCL) program; Living Marine Resources (LMR) program FX The author would like to acknowledge support from both the ONR marine mammal Advanced Detection Classification and Localization (ADCL) program and the Living Marine Resources (LMR) program. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 135 IS 5 BP 2485 EP 2488 DI 10.1121/1.4869677 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AH5HV UT WOS:000336160000006 PM 24815231 ER PT J AU Fox, JA Dudley, AG Bates, C Cannon, GM AF Fox, Janelle A. Dudley, Anne G. Bates, Carlton Cannon, Glenn M., Jr. TI Cystatin C as a Marker of Early Renal Insufficiency in Children with Congenital Neuropathic Bladder SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; urinary bladder, neurogenic; cystatin C; creatinine; glomerular filtration rate ID CONTINENCE SOCIETY RECOMMENDATIONS; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; SPINA-BIFIDA; SERUM CREATININE; BOWEL DYSFUNCTION; FOLLOW-UP; EQUATIONS; GFR; TRANSPLANTATION; MYELODYSPLASIA AB Purpose: Due to decreased muscle mass in children with congenital neuropathic bladder there may be significant inaccuracy when using the creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate. Cystatin C is highly sensitive and specific for measuring changes in the glomerular filtration rate in children and in patients with muscle wasting conditions. We hypothesized that a cystatin C calculated glomerular filtration rate would be more sensitive than the standard creatinine based modified Schwartz equation to detect renal insufficiency in children with congenital neuropathic bladder. Materials and Methods: We prospectively identified children with congenital neuropathic bladder at a multidisciplinary spina bifida clinic who underwent serum creatinine and serum cystatin C testing. Clinical history and anthropomorphic variables at the time of laboratory testing were catalogued. The creatinine based glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the modified (bedside) Schwartz formula and the cystatin C based rate was calculated using the Zappitelli cystatin C formula. Results: Dual estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation was done in 69 children at a total of 74 patient encounters. Absolute creatinine was within age range normal limits in each patient, including 1 with chronic kidney disease stage 3A. The median creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate was 123 ml per minute/1.73 m(2) (range 58 to 229). The median cystatin C based estimated rate was 103 ml per minute/1.73 m(2) (range 47 to 144) for an absolute median rate reduction of 15.4%. Using cystatin C estimates chronic kidney disease stage was upgraded from stage 1 to 2 in 13 patients (18.8%). Conclusions: In children with neuropathic bladder the cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate is a better screening test for early renal insufficiency that is not detected by creatinine based rate calculations. To our knowledge it remains to be determined whether the cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate can ultimately improve the clinical outcome in this population. C1 [Fox, Janelle A.; Dudley, Anne G.; Cannon, Glenn M., Jr.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Pediat Urol,Dept Urol, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA. [Bates, Carlton] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Nephrol, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA. [Fox, Janelle A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Cannon, GM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Pediat Urol,Dept Urol, 4th Floor Fac Pavil,One Childrens Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA. EM cannongm2@upmc.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 EI 1527-3792 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 191 IS 5 SU S BP 1602 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2013.09.093 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA AI0IK UT WOS:000336530100024 PM 24679869 ER PT J AU Liu, HM Chakrabarti, K Kaczmarek, RV Benevides, L Gu, SX Kyprianou, IS AF Liu, Haimo Chakrabarti, Kish Kaczmarek, Richard V. Benevides, Luis Gu, Songxiang Kyprianou, Iacovos S. TI Evaluation of clinical full field digital mammography with the task specific system-model-based Fourier Hotelling observer (SMFHO) SNR SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mammography; FFDM; Hotelling observer; SNR; CDMAM ID ANISOTROPIC IMAGING PERFORMANCE; MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION; CONTRAST-DETAIL ANALYSIS; SCATTER; QUALITY; EFFICIENCY; DETECTOR AB Purpose: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the image acquisition chain of clinical full field digital mammography (FFDM) systems by quantifying their image quality, and how well the desired information is captured by the images. Methods: The authors present a practical methodology to evaluate FFDM using the task specific system-model-based Fourier Hotelling observer (SMFHO) signal to noise ratio (SNR), which evaluates the signal and noise transfer characteristics of FFDM systems in the presence of a uniform polymethyl methacrylate phantom that models the attenuation of a 6 cm thick 20/80 breast (20% glandular/80% adipose). The authors model the system performance using the generalized modulation transfer function, which accounts for scatter blur and focal spot unsharpness, and the generalized noise power spectrum, both estimated with the phantom placed in the field of view. Using the system model, the authors were able to estimate system detectability for a series of simulated disk signals with various diameters and thicknesses, quantified by a SMFHO SNR map. Contrast-detail (CD) curves were generated from the SNR map and adjusted using an estimate of the human observer efficiency, without performing time-consuming human reader studies. Using the SMFHO method the authors compared two FFDM systems, the GE Senographe DS and Hologic Selenia FFDM systems, which use indirect and direct detectors, respectively. Results: Even though the two FFDM systems have different resolutions, noise properties, detector technologies, and antiscatter grids, the authors found no significant difference between them in terms of detectability for a given signal detection task. The authors also compared the performance between the two image acquisition modes (fine view and standard) of the GE Senographe DS system, and concluded that there is no significant difference when evaluated by the SMFHO. The estimated human observer efficiency was 30 +/- 5% when compared to the SMFHO. The results showed good agreement when compared to other model observers as well as previously published human observer data. Conclusions: This method generates CD curves from the SMFHO SNR that can be used as figures of merit for evaluating the image acquisition performance of clinical FFDM systems. It provides a way of creating an empirical model of the FFDM system that accounts for patient scatter, focal spot unsharpness, and detector blur. With the use of simulated signals, this method can predict system performance for a signal known exactly/background known exactly detection task with a limited number of images, therefore, it can be readily applied in a clinical environment. (C) 2014 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [Liu, Haimo] FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Liu, Haimo] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chakrabarti, Kish; Kaczmarek, Richard V.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Benevides, Luis] Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. [Gu, Songxiang; Kyprianou, Iacovos S.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Kyprianou, Iacovos S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kyprianou, IS (reprint author), FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM iacovos.kyprianou@fda.hhs.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 AR 051907 DI 10.1118/1.4870377 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AH3VD UT WOS:000336053100023 PM 24784386 ER PT J AU Scalzitti, N Brennan, J Bothwell, N Brigger, M Ramsey, M Gallagher, T Maturo, S AF Scalzitti, Nicholas Brennan, Joseph Bothwell, Nici Brigger, Matthew Ramsey, Mitchell Gallagher, Thomas Maturo, Stephen TI Military Otolaryngology Resident Case Numbers and Board Passing Rates during the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE surgical case numbers; board examination; residency ID OPERATION-ENDURING-FREEDOM; COMBAT INJURIES; WOUNDS; DEATH; TEAM AB Objective During the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the US military has continued to train medical residents despite concern that postgraduate medical education at military training facilities has suffered. This study compares the experience of otolaryngology residents at military programs with the experience of their civilian counterparts. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Academic military medical centers. Subjects and Methods Resident caseload data and board examination passing rates were requested from each of the 6 Department of Defense otolaryngology residency programs for 2001 to 2010. The American Board of Otolaryngology and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education provided the national averages for resident caseload. National board passing rates from 2004 to 2010 were also obtained. Two-sample t tests were used to compare the pooled caseloads from the military programs with the national averages. Board passing rates were compared with a test of proportions. Results Data were available for all but one military program. Regarding total cases, only 2001 and 2003 showed a significant difference (P < .05), with military residents completing more cases in those years. For individual case categories, the military averages were higher in Otology (299.6 vs 261.2, P = .033) and Plastics/Reconstruction (248.1 vs 149.2, P = .003). Only the Head & Neck category significantly favored the national average over the military (278.3 and 226.0, P = .039). The first-time board passing rates were identical between the groups (93%). Conclusion Our results suggest that the military otolaryngology residency programs are equal in terms of caseload and board passing rates compared with civilian programs over this time period. C1 [Scalzitti, Nicholas; Brennan, Joseph; Maturo, Stephen] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. [Bothwell, Nici] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Brigger, Matthew] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Ramsey, Mitchell] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Scalzitti, N (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, 2338 Jarve Valley, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. EM Nicholas.j.scalzitti.mil@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 EI 1097-6817 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 150 IS 5 BP 787 EP 791 DI 10.1177/0194599814522401 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA AG7BF UT WOS:000335572300014 PM 24549121 ER PT J AU Caton, P AF Caton, Patrick TI Design of rural photovoltaic water pumping systems and the potential of manual array tracking for a West-African village SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Solar photovoltaic water pumping; Rural development; Array tracking ID AVERAGE PERFORMANCE; DIFFUSE-RADIATION; SOLAR COLLECTOR; PLATE; DRIVEN; ENERGY; PANELS; NORTH AB Photovoltaic (PV) power systems are attractive for use with water pumping systems in remote, off-grid areas with naturally high solar insolation. Two simplified design procedures for these systems are reviewed and compared to a more detailed analysis for a specific village (Ying, 9.7 degrees N, 0.8 degrees W) in West Africa. The simple design methods result in too little flow during months with below-average insolation. A rule-of-thumb chart is presented to predict flow losses for similar installations. To explore possible benefits of tracking strategies, ten different array configurations were simulated: three with fixed orientation, six with single axis tracking, and one with dual axis tracking. Of the three fixed orientation arrays, the configuration to maximize insolation and flow was an equator-pointing array with slope slightly greater than local latitude. The single and dual axis trackers were simulated with seasonal, monthly, and hourly tracking periods, the latter being a good representation of a continuous tracking system. For single axis tracking, a vertical axis array with slope fixed at 30 and variable azimuthal angle provided the best performance. For dual axis tracking, hourly array re-orientation results in significantly more received insolation (17.6% greater than non-tracking horizontal array) while adjustments only on a seasonal or monthly basis still yield 8.5% relative gain. In general, there is little predicted difference between monthly and seasonal re-adjustment of array orientation. A single vertical axis variation allows almost the same benefit as a full two-axis variation if re-oriented on a monthly or seasonal basis. Using one of these strategies could translate into reduced array size, reduced capital costs, or could provide extra margin for future increased water flow requirements due to community growth or unexpected weather. Simple monthly or seasonal adjustment by residents also could increase the sense of ownership in those served by the system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Caton, P (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM patcaton@usna.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD MAY PY 2014 VL 103 BP 288 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2014.02.024 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA AH7YR UT WOS:000336351800027 ER PT J AU Wang, QC Tan, CH Stanica, P AF Wang, Qichun Tan, Chik How Stanica, Pantelimon TI CONCATENATIONS OF THE HIDDEN WEIGHTED BIT FUNCTION AND THEIR CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS OF COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Hidden weighted bit function; algebraic immunity; nonlinearity; strict avalanche criterion; BDD-based attack ID OPTIMAL ALGEBRAIC IMMUNITY; SIGNIFICANT BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; ATTACKS; CONSTRUCTION; NONLINEARITY; RESISTANCE AB To resist Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD) based attacks, a Boolean function should have a high BDD size. The hidden weighted bit function (HWBF), introduced by Bryant in 1991, seems to be the simplest function with exponential BDD size. In [28], Wang et al. investigated the cryptographic properties of the HWBF and found that it is a very good candidate for being used in real ciphers. In this paper, we modify the HWBF and construct two classes of functions with very good cryptographic properties (better than the HWBF). The new functions are balanced, with almost optimum algebraic degree and satisfy the strict avalanche criterion. Their nonlinearity is higher than that of the HWBF. We investigate their algebraic immunity, BDD size and their resistance against fast algebraic attacks, which seem to be better than those of the HWBF too. The new functions are simple, can be implemented efficiently, have high BDD sizes and rather good cryptographic properties. Therefore, they might be excellent candidates for constructions of real-life ciphers. C1 [Wang, Qichun; Tan, Chik How] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Labs, Singapore 117411, Singapore. [Stanica, Pantelimon] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, QC (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Labs, Singapore 117411, Singapore. EM tslwq@nus.edu.sg; tsltch@nus.edu.sg; pstanica@nps.edu FU NSFC [61202463] FX The first author is supported by NSFC (Grant No. 61202463) NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES-AIMS PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1930-5346 EI 1930-5338 J9 ADV MATH COMMUN JI Adv. Math. Commun. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 8 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.3934/amc.2014.8.153 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AH5BH UT WOS:000336142900004 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. TI On the Axisymmetric Turbulent Boundary Layer Growth Along Long Thin Circular Cylinders SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID WALL-PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AXIAL-FLOW; VELOCITY AB Even after several decades of experimental and numerical testing, our present-day knowledge of the axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer (TBL) along long thin circular cylinders still lacks a clear picture of many fundamental characteristics. The main issues causing this reside in the experimental testing complexities and the numerical simplifications. An important characteristic that is crucial for routine scaling is the boundary layer length scales, but the downstream growth of these scales (boundary layer, displacement, and momentum thicknesses) is largely unknown from the leading to trailing edges. Herein, we combine pertinent datasets with many complementary numerical computations (large-eddy simulations) to address this shortfall. We are particularly interested in expressing the length scales in terms of the radius-based and axial-based Reynolds numbers (Re-a and Re-x). Although the composite dataset gave an averaged shape factor H = 1.09 that is substantially lower than the planar value (H = 1.27), the shape factor distribution along the cylinder axis actually begins at the flat plate value then decays logarithmically to near unity. The integral length scales displayed power-law evolutions with variable exponents until high Re-a (Re-a > 35,000) where both scales then mimic streamwise consistency. Beneath this threshold, their streamwise growth is much slower than the flat plate (especially at low-Re-a). The boundary layer thickness grew according to an empirical expression that is dependent on both Re-a and Re-x where its streamwise growth can far exceed the planar turbulent flow. These unique characteristics rank the thin cylinder axisymmetric TBL as a separate canonical flow, which was well documented by the previous investigations. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.jordan@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001412AF00002]; In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Ronald D. Joslin, Program Officer), Contract N0001412AF00002, and the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program (Dr. Anthony A. Ruffa, Program Coordinator) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2014 VL 136 IS 5 AR 051202 DI 10.1115/1.4026419 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AH2KU UT WOS:000335950900003 ER PT J AU Kanaev, AV Miller, CW Seanor, CJ Murray-Krezan, J AF Kanaev, Andrey V. Miller, Christopher W. Seanor, Collin J. Murray-Krezan, Jeremy TI Enhancement of imagery of objects with highly dynamic brightness and large rotational motion SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FLOW; CONFIDENCE MEASURE; SUPERRESOLUTION AB We report on application of multi-frame super-resolution (SR) to sampling limited imagery that models space objects (SOs). The difficulties of multi-frame image processing of SOs include abrupt illumination changes and complex in scene SO motion. These conditions adversely affect the accuracy of motion estimation necessary for resolution enhancement. We analyze the motion estimation errors from the standpoint of an optical flow (OF) interpolation error metric and show dependence of the object tracking accuracy on brightness changes and on the pixel displacement values between subsequent images. Despite inaccuracies of motion estimation, we demonstrate spatial acuity enhancement of the pixel limited resolution of model SO motion imagery by applying a SR algorithm that accounts for OF errors. In addition to visual inspection, image resolution improvement attained in the experiments is assessed quantitatively; a 1.8x resolution enhancement is demonstrated. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Kanaev, Andrey V.; Miller, Christopher W.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20832 USA. [Seanor, Collin J.; Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4550 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20832 USA. EM andrey.kanaev@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP C32 EP C44 DI 10.1364/AO.53.000C32 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5XU UT WOS:000335493000005 PM 24921888 ER PT J AU Kutteruf, MR Yetzbacher, MK DePrenger, MJ Novak, KM Miller, CA Downes, TV Kanaev, AV AF Kutteruf, Mary R. Yetzbacher, Michael K. DePrenger, Michael J. Novak, Kyle M. Miller, Corey A. Downes, Trijntje Valerie Kanaev, Andrey V. TI Video rate nine-band multispectral short-wave infrared sensor SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; CAMERA AB Short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging sensors are increasingly being used in surveillance and reconnaissance systems due to the reduced scatter in haze and the spectral response of materials over this wavelength range. Typically SWIR images have been provided either as full motion video from framing panchromatic systems or as spectral data cubes from line-scanning hyperspectral or multispectral systems. Here, we describe and characterize a system that bridges this divide, providing nine-band spectral images at 30 Hz. The system integrates a custom array of filters onto a commercial SWIR InGaAs array. We measure the filter placement and spectral response. We demonstrate a simple simulation technique to facilitate optimization of band selection for future sensors. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Kutteruf, Mary R.; Yetzbacher, Michael K.; Downes, Trijntje Valerie; Kanaev, Andrey V.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DePrenger, Michael J.; Novak, Kyle M.; Miller, Corey A.] Tekla Res Inc, Quantico Ctr, Dumfries, VA 22025 USA. RP Kutteruf, MR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM code5662@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is funded by the Office of Naval Research (Code 30 Core program). NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP C45 EP C53 DI 10.1364/AO.53.000C45 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5XU UT WOS:000335493000006 PM 24921889 ER PT J AU Marks, DL Llull, PR Phillips, Z Anderson, JG Feller, SD Vera, EM Son, HS Youn, SH Kim, J Gehm, ME Brady, DJ Nichols, JM Judd, KP Duncan, MD Waterman, JR Stack, RA Johnson, A Tennill, R Olson, CC AF Marks, D. L. Llull, P. R. Phillips, Z. Anderson, J. G. Feller, S. D. Vera, E. M. Son, H. S. Youn, S. -H. Kim, J. Gehm, M. E. Brady, D. J. Nichols, J. M. Judd, K. P. Duncan, M. D. Waterman, J. R. Stack, R. A. Johnson, A. Tennill, R. Olson, C. C. TI Characterization of the AWARE 10 two-gigapixel wide-field-of-view visible imager SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB System requirements for many military electro-optic and IR camera systems reflect the need for both wide-field-of-view situational awareness as well as high-resolution imaging for target identification. In this work we present a new imaging system architecture designed to perform both functions simultaneously and the AWARE 10 camera as an example at visible wavelengths. We first describe the basic system architecture and user interface followed by a laboratory characterization of the system optical performance. We then describe a field experiment in which the camera was used to identify several maritime targets at varying range. The experimental results indicate that users of the system are able to correctly identify similar to 10 m targets at between 4 and 6 km with 70% accuracy. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Marks, D. L.; Llull, P. R.; Phillips, Z.; Anderson, J. G.; Feller, S. D.; Vera, E. M.; Son, H. S.; Youn, S. -H.; Kim, J.; Gehm, M. E.; Brady, D. J.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Marks, D. L.; Llull, P. R.; Phillips, Z.; Anderson, J. G.; Feller, S. D.; Vera, E. M.; Son, H. S.; Youn, S. -H.; Kim, J.; Gehm, M. E.; Brady, D. J.] Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Nichols, J. M.; Judd, K. P.; Duncan, M. D.; Waterman, J. R.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stack, R. A.; Johnson, A.; Tennill, R.] Distant Focus Corp, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Olson, C. C.] Sotera Def Solut, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Brady, DJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Box 90291, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM dbrady@ee.duke.edu RI Vera, Esteban/H-1345-2013 OI Vera, Esteban/0000-0001-8387-8131 FU DARPA MTO AWARE [HR-0011-10-C0073] FX This project was supported by the DARPA MTO AWARE program under contract HR-0011-10-C0073. The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for supporting this work under the Remote Weapons Visual Awareness program. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research "Program 38"for lending valuable resources to this effort. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP C54 EP C63 DI 10.1364/AO.53.000C54 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5XU UT WOS:000335493000007 PM 24921890 ER PT J AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, Alan TI Continuum fusion solutions for replacement target models in electro-optic detection SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DETECTION ALGORITHMS AB The additive target model is used routinely in the statistical detection of opaque targets, despite its phenomenological inaccuracy. The more appropriate replacement target model is seldom used, because the standard method for producing a detection algorithm from it proves to be intractable, unless narrow restrictions are imposed. Now, the recently developed continuum fusion (CF) methodology allows an expanded solution set to the general replacement target problem. It also provides a mechanism for producing approximate solutions for the standard approach. We illustrate the principles of CF by using them to generate both types of answers for the correct detection model. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave NW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schaum@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP C25 EP C31 DI 10.1364/AO.53.000C25 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5XU UT WOS:000335493000004 PM 24921887 ER PT J AU Imai, FH von Berg, DCL Skauli, T Tominaga, S Zalevsky, Z AF Imai, Francisco H. von Berg, Dale C. Linne Skauli, Torbjorn Tominaga, Shoji Zalevsky, Zeev TI Imaging systems and applications: Introduction to the feature SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Imaging systems have numerous applications in industrial, military, consumer, and medical settings. Assembling a complete imaging system requires the integration of optics, sensing, image processing, and display rendering. This issue features original research ranging from design of stimuli for human perception, optics applications, and image enhancement to novel imaging modalities in both color and infrared spectral imaging, gigapixel imaging as well as a systems perspective to imaging. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Imai, Francisco H.] Canon USA Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [von Berg, Dale C. Linne] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Skauli, Torbjorn] Norwegian Def Res Estab FFI, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Tominaga, Shoji] Chiba Univ, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Zalevsky, Zeev] Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Engn, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Imai, FH (reprint author), Canon USA Inc, 3300 North First St, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. EM fimai@cusa.canon.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 13 BP ISA1 EP ISA2 DI 10.1364/AO.53.00ISA1 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5XU UT WOS:000335493000001 PM 24921894 ER PT J AU Christman, MS Gudeman, SR Nork, JJ Walters, RC L'Esperance, JO Crain, DS AF Christman, Matthew S. Gudeman, Suzanne R. Nork, Justin J. Walters, R. Chanc L'Esperance, James O. Crain, Donald S. TI Operating characteristics of follicle-stimulating hormone in azoospermic men SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE Follicle stimulating hormone; infertility; azoospermia; operating characteristics ID MALE-INFERTILITY AB Objective: To validate factors predictive of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and to determine the operating characteristics of FSH for predicting NOA. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary care military treatment facility. Patient(s): One hundred forty azoospermic males undergoing infertility evaluation. Intervention(s): Standard evaluation included history and physical, hormonal workup, and genetic evaluation. Diagnostic testicular biopsy was offered to characterize patients as obstructive azoospermia (OA) or NOA. Main Outcome Measure(s): Semen volume, semen fructose, FSH, T, E-2, PRL, testicular atrophy. Result(s): Seventy-eight of 140 azoospermic patients underwent a biopsy. The ability to predict NOA based on logistic regression was statistically significant for FSH and testicular atrophy. On multivariate analysis, only FSH remained predictive of NOA. The area under the FSH receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.847, which is significant. The cut point of FSH with the highest likelihood ratio of predicting NOA on biopsy was >= 12.3 mIU/mL. Conclusion(s): FSH remains the best predictor of NOA. With full knowledge of the operating characteristics of FSH in this population, a patient can be properly educated and treatment can be individualized, based on the specific risk associated with that subject's measured FSH. (C) 2014 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 [Christman, Matthew S.; Gudeman, Suzanne R.; Nork, Justin J.; L'Esperance, James O.; Crain, Donald S.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Walters, R. Chanc] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Christman, MS (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.christman@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 EI 1556-5653 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1265 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.034 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA AG6BX UT WOS:000335504600022 PM 24602753 ER PT J AU Levinson, AJ Rowenhorst, DJ Lewis, AC AF Levinson, A. J. Rowenhorst, D. J. Lewis, A. C. TI Quantification of Microstructural Evolution in Grain Boundary Networks SO JOM LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; CHARACTER-DISTRIBUTION; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; ENGINEERED NICKEL; WELD-DECAY; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; IRON AB In this work, the effect of grain boundary engineering (GBE) on the structure and connectivity of networks of two types of boundaries was quantified. General high angle boundaries and "special" I pound = 3 and I pound = 9 coincident site lattice boundaries were considered. The effect of GBE processing was to increase the population and length of special boundaries and to disrupt the network of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) in the microstructure. The GBE processing resulted in an increase in the population of special boundaries as determined by line length fraction from approximately 37% to approximately 57%. The connectivity of the special boundaries, as determined by topological analysis, increased by a factor of 4, while the connectivity of HAGBs decreased by an order of magnitude. Cluster sizes in the special boundary network increased across the range of sizes, and the maximum cluster size of HAGBs decreased significantly. The metrics reported here allow for a quantitative analysis of grain boundary connectivity in microstructures, as well as for a quantitative means of comparison of microstructures. These metrics will be used in simulations of diffusional creep, with the aim of quantifying structure-property relationships in grain boundary engineered systems. C1 [Levinson, A. J.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rowenhorst, D. J.; Lewis, A. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Levinson, AJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amanda.levinson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [N0001413WX20757, N0001413WX21081]; National Research Council under the Research Associateship Program FX This work was funded by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research under Grants N0001413WX20757 and N0001413WX21081 (W. Mullins, Program Manager). The work of Dr. Levinson at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported in part by the National Research Council under the Research Associateship Program. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2014 VL 66 IS 5 BP 774 EP 779 DI 10.1007/s11837-014-0917-z PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AG6BP UT WOS:000335503700015 ER PT J AU Scott, AM Algar, WR Stewart, MH Trammell, SA Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Deschamps, JR Goswami, R Oh, E Huston, AL Medintz, IL AF Scott, Amy M. Algar, W. Russ Stewart, Michael H. Trammell, Scott A. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Goswami, Ramasis Oh, Eunkeu Huston, Alan L. Medintz, Igor L. TI Probing the Quenching of Quantum Dot Photoluminescence by Peptide-Labeled Ruthenium(II) Complexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE-TRANSFER; BIOCOMPATIBLE SEMICONDUCTOR; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; EXCITON DISSOCIATION; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; HOLE-TRANSFER; BIOSENSORS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Charge transfer processes with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have generated much interest for potential utility in energy conversion. Such configurations are generally nonbiological; however, recent studies have shown that a redox-active ruthenium(II) phenanthroline complex (Ru2+-phen) is particularly efficient at quenching the photoluminescence (PL) of QDs, and this mechanism demonstrates good potential for application as a generalized biosensing detection modality since it is aqueous compatible. Multiple possibilities for charge transfer and/or energy transfer mechanisms exist within this type of assembly, and there is currently a limited understanding of the underlying photophysical processes in such biocomposite systems where nanomaterials are directly interfaced with biomolecules such as proteins. Here, we utilize redox reactions, steady-state absorption, PL spectroscopy, time-resolved PL spectroscopy, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (FSTA) to investigate PL quenching in biological assemblies of CdSe/ZnS QDs formed with peptide-linked Ru2+-phen. The results reveal that QD quenching requires the Ru2+ oxidation state and is not consistent with Forster resonance energy transfer, strongly supporting a charge transfer mechanism. Further, two colors of CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs with similar macroscopic optical properties were found to have very different rates of charge transfer quenching, by Ru2+-phen with the key difference between them appearing to be the thickness of their ZnS outer shell. The effect of shell thickness was found to be larger than the effect of increasing distance between the QD and Ru2+-phen when using peptides of increasing persistence length. FSTA and time-resolved upconversion PL results further show that exciton quenching is a rather slow process consistent with other QD conjugate materials that undergo hole transfer. An improved understanding of the QD Ru2+-phen system can allow for the design of more sophisticated charge-transfer-based biosensors using QD platforms. C1 [Scott, Amy M.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33146 USA. [Algar, W. Russ; Trammell, Scott A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stewart, Michael H.; Oh, Eunkeu; Huston, Alan L.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, Ramasis] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Scott, AM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Miami, FL 33146 USA. EM amscott@miami.edu; igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NIH [P41 RR-01081] FX The authors acknowledge NRL, the NRL NSI, Office of Naval Research, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. J.B.B.-C. acknowledges a Marie Curie IOF. W.R.A. is grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for a postdoctoral fellowship. A.M.S. acknowledges the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Molecular graphics images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by NIH P41 RR-01081). A.M.S. was a postdoctoral researcher at Argonne National Laboratory from 2009 to 2010, and some of the ultrafast transient absorption measurements described here were performed at the Center for Nanoscale Materials nanophotonics laser user facility. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 17 BP 9239 EP 9250 DI 10.1021/jp501039w PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AG5BC UT WOS:000335433100060 PM 24817922 ER PT J AU Penano, J Hafizi, B Ting, A Helle, M AF Penano, J. Hafizi, B. Ting, A. Helle, M. TI Theoretical and numerical investigation of filament onset distance in atmospheric turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PULSES; WAVE-PROPAGATION; RANDOM-MEDIA; BEAMS; AIR; FEMTOSECOND; SIMULATION; BREAKDOWN AB We analyze and simulate the propagation of laser beams with powers larger than the nonlinear self-focusing power through atmospheric turbulence. Turbulence-induced filamentation is theoretically described in terms of whole-beam self-focusing and transverse modulational instability. We describe a numerical simulation method to model nonlinear focusing in turbulence. We find good agreement between our simulation and a previously published laboratory-scale experiment. Simulations are then performed to calculate probability distributions for filament onset and wander over kilometer distances, and are compared with theory. The theoretical model can be made to agree with the simulations for physically meaningful choices of a few fitting parameters. We also examine the use of focusing optics to control filamentation range of modulationally unstable beams. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Penano, J.; Hafizi, B.; Ting, A.; Helle, M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, J (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.penano@nrl.navy.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; NRL 6.1 funding FX This work is supported by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and NRL 6.1 funding. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 31 IS 5 BP 963 EP 971 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.31.000963 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AG5YC UT WOS:000335494000005 ER PT J AU Downey, BP Meyer, DJ Katzer, DS Roussos, JA Pan, M Gao, X AF Downey, Brian P. Meyer, David J. Katzer, D. Scott Roussos, Jason A. Pan, Ming Gao, Xiang TI SiNx/InAlN/AlN/GaN MIS-HEMTs With 10.8 THz . V Johnson Figure of Merit SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Breakdown voltage; GaN; high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); InAlN; SiNx ID HFETS AB A high combination of three-terminal breakdown voltage (V-BK) and current gain cutoff frequency (f(T)) was achieved with SiNx/InAlN/AlN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs). A 1-nm SiNx gate dielectric was deposited ex situ in a molecular beam epitaxy system and used to increase the carrier density of the 2-D electron gas under an ultrathin InAlN/AlN (2.3 nm/1 nm) barrier. Passivated MIS-HEMTs with a gate length of 80 nm exhibited a drain current density greater than 1.1 A/mm, a peak intrinsic transconductance g(m,max) of 800 mS/mm, and a maximum frequency of oscillation f(max) of 230 GHz. The combination of f(T) of 114 GHz and V-BK of 95 V provides a Johnson figure of merit of 10.8 THz . V, which is among the highest reported values for fully passivated GaN HEMTs. A peak power-added efficiency of 37.5% with an output power of 1.25 W/mm and an associated gain of 9.7 dB was obtained by load-pull measurements at 40 GHz. C1 [Downey, Brian P.; Meyer, David J.; Katzer, D. Scott; Roussos, Jason A.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pan, Ming; Gao, Xiang] IQE RF LLC, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Downey, BP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.downey@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through Dr. P. Maki. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor R. Quay. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 35 IS 5 BP 527 EP 529 DI 10.1109/LED.2014.2313023 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AG1AQ UT WOS:000335147600009 ER PT J AU Freitas, CJ Bigger, RP Scott, N LaSala, V MacKiewicz, J AF Freitas, Christopher J. Bigger, Rory P. Scott, Nikki LaSala, Victor MacKiewicz, James TI Composite materials dynamic back face deflection characteristics during ballistic impact SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE resin-fiber composites; Ballistic response; digital image correlation; back face signature AB The current rationale for development of composite combat helmets is to either maintain performance at reduced weight or maintain weight with a significantly higher level of ballistic performance. Typically, weight reduction with maintained performance is the design approach used. In order to reduce weight with the same materials requires a reduction of material thickness. Thinner structural materials then introduce the complicating and often limiting factor of greater back face deflection. To further understand the tradeoffs of ballistic performance and efficiency, weight and back face deflection, a research project was undertaken. In this research project, a set of 17 composite materials were investigated. The digital image correlation method was used to directly measure the characteristics of the dynamic back face deflection of targets engaged by a set of threats. The analysis of this data, which includes dynamic deflection time histories, back face velocity time histories, strain time histories and spatial distributions of these quantities, allowed for assessment of candidate material performance and characterization of back face deflection. The details of this experimental program and key data results are presented in this paper. C1 [Freitas, Christopher J.; Bigger, Rory P.; Scott, Nikki] SW Res Inst, Dept Engn Dynam, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [LaSala, Victor] Amer Def Syst Inc, Lillington, NC USA. [MacKiewicz, James] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freitas, CJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Engn Dynam, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM Christopher.Freitas@swri.org FU US Office of Naval Research; Navy Health Research Center FX The authors thank the US Office of Naval Research and the Navy Health Research Center for funding this effort and specifically, Mr Lee Mastroianni. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1475 EP 1486 DI 10.1177/0021998313487934 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA AG1SX UT WOS:000335197500006 ER PT J AU Quinting, JF Bell, MM Harr, PA Jones, SC AF Quinting, Julian F. Bell, Michael M. Harr, Patrick A. Jones, Sarah C. TI Structural Characteristics of T-PARC Typhoon Sinlaku during Its Extratropical Transition SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Field experiments; Radars/Radar observations; Hurricanes/typhoons ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONES; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; MODEL; FLOW AB The structure and the environment of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) were investigated during its life cycle in The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). On 20 September 2008, during the transformation stage of Sinlaku's extratropical transition (ET), research aircraft equipped with dual-Doppler radar and dropsondes documented the structure of the convection surrounding Sinlaku and low-level frontogenetical processes. The observational data obtained were assimilated with the recently developed Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation (SAMURAI) software tool. The resulting analysis provides detailed insight into the ET system and allows specific features of the system to be identified, including deep convection, a stratiform precipitation region, warm- and cold-frontal structures, and a dry intrusion. The analysis offers valuable information about the interaction of the features identified within the transitioning tropical cyclone. The existence of dry midlatitude air above warm-moist tropical air led to strong potential instability. Quasigeostrophic diagnostics suggest that forced ascent during warm frontogenesis triggered the deep convective development in this potentially unstable environment. The deep convection itself produced a positive potential vorticity anomaly at midlevels that modified the environmental flow. A comparison of the operational ECMWF analysis and the observation-based SAMURAI analysis exhibits important differences. In particular, the ECMWF analysis does not capture the deep convection adequately. The nonexistence of the deep convection has considerable implications on the potential vorticity structure of the remnants of the typhoon at midlevels. An inaccurate representation of the thermodynamic structure of the dry intrusion has considerable implications on the frontogenesis and the quasigeostrophic forcing. C1 [Quinting, Julian F.; Jones, Sarah C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Bell, Michael M.; Harr, Patrick A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Quinting, JF (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK TRO, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM julian.quinting@kit.edu OI Quinting, Julian/0000-0002-8409-2541 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the research unit PANDOWAE [FOR896]; Helmholtz Foundation ATMO Program; National Science Foundation [ATM-0736003, AGS-085177]; Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Grant [N0001412AF00002, N001408WR20129]; international consortium from the United States (National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force); Germany (DLR, ForschungszentrumKarlsruhe); Japan (Japan Meteorological Agency); Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research); Canada (Environment Canada) FX This project was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the research unit PANDOWAE (FOR896). This work benefited significantly from a visit of the first author to the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, which was funded by the Helmholtz Foundation ATMO Program. Author Patrick A. Harr was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0736003 and the Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Grant N0001412AF00002. Author Michael M. Bell was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant AGS-085177 and the Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Grant N001408WR20129. T-PARC was sponsored by an international consortium from the United States (National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force), Germany (DLR, ForschungszentrumKarlsruhe), Japan (Japan Meteorological Agency), Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research), and Canada (Environment Canada). The role of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR EOL) in the campaign and data management is acknowledged. We are grateful to Chris Davis for helpful discussions. We are thankful to two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank ECMWF for access to the operational analyses through the special project "The Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Extratropical Predictability.'' NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1945 EP 1961 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00306.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG0OS UT WOS:000335115400015 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D McLay, JG Moskaitis, J Serra, EA AF Hodyss, Daniel McLay, Justin G. Moskaitis, Jon Serra, Efren A. TI Inducing Tropical Cyclones to Undergo Brownian Motion: A Comparison between Ito and Stratonovich in a Numerical Weather Prediction Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Ensembles; Probability forecasts/models/distribution; Tropical cyclones ID NAVDAS-AR; ENSEMBLE; FORMULATION; FORECASTS; SCHEME; SYSTEM; IMPACT; TESTS AB Stochastic parameterization has become commonplace in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models used for probabilistic prediction. Here a specific stochastic parameterization will be related to the theory of stochastic differential equations and shown to be affected strongly by the choice of stochastic calculus. From an NWP perspective the focus will be on ameliorating a common trait of the ensemble distributions of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks (or position); namely, that they generally contain a bias and an underestimate of the variance. With this trait in mind the authors present a stochastic track variance inflation parameterization. This parameterization makes use of a properly constructed stochastic advection term that follows a TC and induces its position to undergo Brownian motion. A central characteristic of Brownian motion is that its variance increases with time, which allows for an effective inflation of an ensemble's TC track variance. Using this stochastic parameterization the authors present a comparison of the behavior of TCs from the perspective of the stochastic calculi of Ito and Stratonovich within an operational NWP model. The central difference between these two perspectives as pertains to TCs is shown to be properly predicted by the stochastic calculus and the Ito correction. In the cases presented here these differences will manifest as overly intense TCs, which, depending on the strength of the forcing, could lead to problems with numerical stability and physical realism. C1 [Hodyss, Daniel; McLay, Justin G.; Moskaitis, Jon] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Serra, Efren A.] DeVine Consulting Inc, Fremont, CA USA. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daniel.hodyss@nrlmry.navy.mil FU [PE-0601153N] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Chief of Naval Research PE-0601153N. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1982 EP 1996 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00299.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG0OS UT WOS:000335115400017 ER PT J AU Marzban, C Sandgathe, S Doyle, JD AF Marzban, Caren Sandgathe, Scott Doyle, James D. TI Model Tuning with Canonical Correlation Analysis SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Parameterization; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Principal components analysis; Regression analysis; Statistics ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TYRANNOSAURUS-REX; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MOUNTAIN WAVES; REGRESSION; CLIMATE AB Knowledge of the relationship between model parameters and forecast quantities is useful because it can aid in setting the values of the former for the purpose of having a desired effect on the latter. Here it is proposed that a well-established multivariate statistical method known as canonical correlation analysis can be formulated to gauge the strength of that relationship. The method is applied to several model parameters in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) for the purpose of "controlling" three forecast quantities: 1) convective precipitation, 2) stable precipitation, and 3) snow. It is shown that the model parameters employed here can be set to affect the sum, and the difference between convective and stable precipitation, while keeping snow mostly constant; a different combination of model parameters is shown to mostly affect the difference between stable precipitation and snow, with minimal effect on convective precipitation. In short, the proposed method cannot only capture the complex relationship between model parameters and forecast quantities, it can also be utilized to optimally control certain combinations of the latter. C1 [Marzban, Caren; Sandgathe, Scott] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marzban, Caren] Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Doyle, James D.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Marzban, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Box 354322, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM marzban@stat.washington.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-G-0460/0049, N00014-05-1-0843]; Naval Research Laboratory Base Program [0601153N] FX Partial support for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-01-G-0460/0049 and N00014-05-1-0843. C. M. thanks useful conversations with William Hsieh, and J.D.D. acknowledges the support of the Chief of Naval Research through Program Element 0601153N of the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 142 IS 5 BP 2018 EP 2027 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00245.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG0OS UT WOS:000335115400019 ER PT J AU Marzban, C Sandgathe, S Doyle, JD Lederer, NC AF Marzban, Caren Sandgathe, Scott Doyle, James D. Lederer, Nicholas C. TI Variance-Based Sensitivity Analysis: Preliminary Results in COAMPS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Statistical techniques; Model evaluation/performance; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Statistics; Parameterization ID COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; TYRANNOSAURUS-REX; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MOUNTAIN WAVES; MESOSCALE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; EFFICIENT; DESIGN; IMPACT AB Numerical weather prediction models have a number of parameters whose values are either estimated from empirical data or theoretical calculations. These values are usually then optimized according to some criterion (e.g., minimizing a cost function) in order to obtain superior prediction. To that end, it is useful to know which parameters have an effect on a given forecast quantity, and which do not. Here the authors demonstrate a variance-based sensitivity analysis involving 11 parameters in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Several forecast quantities are examined: 24-h accumulated 1) convective precipitation, 2) stable precipitation, 3) total precipitation, and 4) snow. The analysis is based on 36 days of 24-h forecasts between 1 January and 4 July 2009. Regarding convective precipitation, not surprisingly, the most influential parameter is found to be the fraction of available precipitation in the Kain-Fritsch cumulus parameterization fed back to the grid scale. Stable and total precipitation are most affected by a linear factor that multiplies the surface fluxes; and the parameter that most affects accumulated snow is the microphysics slope intercept parameter for snow. Furthermore, all of the interactions between the parameters are found to be either exceedingly small or have too much variability (across days and/or parameter values) to be of primary concern. C1 [Marzban, Caren; Sandgathe, Scott] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marzban, Caren] Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Doyle, James D.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Lederer, Nicholas C.] Boeing Co, Appl Math, Seattle, WA USA. RP Marzban, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Box 354322, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM marzban@stat.washington.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-G-0460/0049, N00014-05-1-0843]; Naval Research Laboratory Base Program [0601153N] FX Partial support for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-01-G-0460/0049 and N00014-05-1-0843. J. D. D. acknowledges the support of the Chief of Naval Research through Program Element 0601153N of the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 142 IS 5 BP 2028 EP 2042 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00195.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG0OS UT WOS:000335115400020 ER PT J AU Wollmershauser, JA Feigelson, BN Gorzkowski, EP Ellis, CT Goswami, R Qadri, SB Tischler, JG Kub, FJ Everett, RK AF Wollmershauser, James A. Feigelson, Boris N. Gorzkowski, Edward P. Ellis, Chase T. Goswami, Ramasis Qadri, Syed B. Tischler, Joseph G. Kub, Fritz J. Everett, Richard K. TI An extended hardness limit in bulk nanoceramics SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hall-Petch; Spinel; High-pressure sintering; Nanoceramic; Nanocrystalline ceramic ID TRANSPARENT SPINEL WINDOWS; MAGNESIUM-ALUMINATE SPINEL; GRAIN-SIZE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-PRESSURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; DENSIFICATION; DISLOCATIONS; MICROWAVE AB Mechanical strengthening by grain refinement is a method whereby a material's strength and hardness can be increased by decreasing the average crystallite grain size. The empirical Hall Petch relationship mathematically describes grain boundary strengthening and provides guidance for a straightforward way to produce stronger materials. While the phenomenon has been widely explored in nanocrystalline metals, the difficulty associated with fabricating high-quality dense nanocrystalline ceramics has left unanswered the question of the validity and extent of the relationship in ceramics. Prior studies suggest the occurrence of an inverse Hall Petch response in ceramics with grain sizes <100 nm. This paper demonstrates a novel integrated approach, comprised of nanopowder processing and high-pressure, low-temperature sintering to fabricate bulk, fully dense and high-purity nanocrystalline ceramics with unprecedentedly small nanometersized grains. Using magnesium aluminate spinel as an archetypal hard ceramic, the hardness of this transparent ceramic armor is shown to rigorously follow the Hall Petch relationship down to grain sizes of 28 nm. Consequentially, the nanocrystalline spinel ceramics are shown to exhibit a 50% increase in hardness over a corresponding order of magnitude reduction in grain size without a decline in density or fracture resistance. Additionally, the produced nanocrystalline ceramics have an optical transparency near theoretical. Reaching an exceptional hardness of 20.2 GPa at 28 nm, the behavior shows no evidence supporting an inverse Hall Petch effect. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Wollmershauser, James A.; Feigelson, Boris N.; Gorzkowski, Edward P.; Ellis, Chase T.; Goswami, Ramasis; Qadri, Syed B.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Kub, Fritz J.; Everett, Richard K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wollmershauser, JA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.wollmershauser@nrl.navy.mil; boris.feygelson@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory basic research program; Office of Naval Research; NRL Karles Fellowship; National Research Council FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory basic research program and Office of Naval Research for support of this work. J.A.W. acknowledges the NRL Karles Fellowship for support. C.T.E. acknowledges support from the National Research Council. J.A.W., B.N.F., and F.J.K. acknowledge support from Dr. Lawrence T. Kabacoff. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 69 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.01.030 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AG0MQ UT WOS:000335110000002 ER PT J AU Warren, HP AF Warren, Harry P. TI MEASUREMENTS OF ABSOLUTE ABUNDANCES IN SOLAR FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; ENHANCED NEON; PLASMA; CHIANTI; SPECTRA; CALCIUM; SULFUR; IRON AB We present measurements of elemental abundances in solar flares with the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. EVE observes both high temperature Fe emission lines (Fe XV-Fe XXIV) and continuum emission from thermal bremsstrahlung that is proportional to the abundance of H. By comparing the relative intensities of line and continuum emission it is possible to determine the enrichment of the flare plasma relative to the composition of the photosphere. This is the first ionization potential or FIP bias (f). Since thermal bremsstrahlung at EUV wavelengths is relatively insensitive to the electron temperature, it is important to account for the distribution of electron temperatures in the emitting plasma. We accomplish this by using the observed spectra to infer the differential emission measure distribution and FIP bias simultaneously. In each of the 21 flares that we analyze we find that the observed composition is close to photospheric. The mean FIP bias in our sample is f = 1.17 +/- 0.22. This analysis suggests that the bulk of the plasma evaporated during a flare comes from deep in the chromosphere, below the region where elemental fractionation occurs. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Warren, Harry/0000-0001-6102-6851 FU NASA FX The SDO mission and this research was supported by NASA. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Universities of Florence (Italy) and Cambridge (UK), and George Mason University (USA). The author benefited greatly from discussions of coronal dimming with members of the Coronal Dimming Working Group at the 2013 EVE Science Team Meeting held in Boulder, Colorado. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 786 IS 1 AR L2 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/786/1/L2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AF7XU UT WOS:000334929600002 ER PT J AU Glaser, DJ Rahman, AS AF Glaser, Darrell J. Rahman, Ahmed S. TI Engineering and labor specialization during the industrial revolution SO CLIOMETRICA LA English DT Article DE Skilled labor complementarity; Skill-replacing and skill-using technology; Labor allocation ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; UNITED-STATES; TECHNOLOGY; MARKET AB This paper explores how technological changes affected labor allocations within the U.S. Navy. During the latter nineteenth century, the officer corps was highly specialized, split between groups of line and staff officers. Developments in general purpose technologies created a dilemma for the organization, as it balanced between the benefits of a specialized workforce implementing increasingly complex technologies with rising communication and coordination costs. We first document the nature and extent of labor specialization in the mid-nineteenth-century Navy-engineers worked more with newer and larger vessels, while line officers worked more with unskilled personnel. The Navy endeavored to destroy this distinction, forcing generalized training and tasks for all officers. We suggest that the Navy's phased-in approach was an effective strategy, helping the U.S. to become a world-class naval power. C1 [Glaser, Darrell J.; Rahman, Ahmed S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rahman, AS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dglaser@usna.edu; rahman@usna.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1863-2505 EI 1863-2513 J9 CLIOMETRICA JI Cliometrica PD MAY PY 2014 VL 8 IS 2 BP 173 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s11698-013-0098-y PG 28 WC Economics; History; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; History; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA AF4LJ UT WOS:000334683500002 ER PT J AU Campbell, KW Mott, PH AF Campbell, Kenny W. Mott, Peter H. TI Damage tolerance in glass reinforced polymer laminates SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Damage mechanics; Mechanical properties; Glass fibers; Acoustic emission ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITES; MECHANISMS; POLYPROPYLENE; DELAMINATION; EVOLUTION; IMPACT; TOOL; GRP AB Ten glass-reinforced, rubber-toughened polymer laminate panels were tested in 3-point bending in a series of loading-unloading cycles, with increasing deflection. Damage was quantified by the stiffness decrease, hysteresis and residual strain. The threshold for unacceptable damage occurred when the strain reached ca. 0.6%. Acoustic emission (AE) was monitored by four sensors on the compressive side of the samples; the correspondence between the damage threshold and different AE measures was explored, with hit strength (i.e., the measured area under the rectified signal envelope, or MARSE) providing the clearest correlation. Separating events with AE hits that were recorded by all four sensors ("associated") from those recorded by three or fewer sensors ("unassociated"), distinguished matrix from fiber damage. Viscoelastic effects were identified by separating hits that occurred during loading from those that occurred during hold and unloading. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Campbell, Kenny W.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, La Plata, MD 20646 USA. [Mott, Peter H.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.mott@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Sea Command FX We are indebted to C.L. Cartwright for his suggestions and comments. We are grateful for Goodrich EPP for the preparation of the samples and for the composite test results. This research was supported by the Naval Sea Command. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 95 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.02.004 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA AF7ML UT WOS:000334899100004 ER PT J AU Kirschenbaum, SS Trafton, JG Schunn, CD Trickett, SB AF Kirschenbaum, Susan S. Trafton, J. Gregory Schunn, Christian D. Trickett, Susan B. TI Visualizing Uncertainty The Impact on Performance SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE cognitive processes; naturalistic decision making; reasoning; problem solving; knowledge representation; decision making ID INFORMATION AB Objective: This work investigated the impact of uncertainty representation on performance in a complex authentic visualization task, submarine localization. Background: Because passive sonar does not provide unique course, speed, and range information on a contact, the submarine operates under significant uncertainty. There are many algorithms designed to address this problem, but all are subject to uncertainty. The extent of this solution uncertainty can be expressed in several ways, including a table of locations (course, speed, range) or a graphical area of uncertainty. Method: To test the hypothesis that the representation of uncertainty that more closely matches the experts' preferred representation of the problem would better support performance, even for the nonexpert., performance data were collected using displays that were either stripped of the spatial or the tabular representation. Results: Performance was more accurate when uncertainty was displayed spatially. This effect was only significant for the nonexperts for whom the spatial displays supported almost expert-like performance. This effect appears to be due to reduced mental effort. Conclusion: These results suggest that when the representation of uncertainty for this spatial task better matches the expert's preferred representation of the problem even a nonexpert can show expert-like performance. Application: These results could apply to any domain where performance requires working with highly uncertain information. C1 [Kirschenbaum, Susan S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02881 USA. [Trafton, J. Gregory; Trickett, Susan B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Schunn, Christian D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Kirschenbaum, SS (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St,Code 2501,Bldg 1171-3, Newport, RI 02881 USA. EM susan.kirschenbaum@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [TD2212] FX The authors wish to thank the programming and experimentation efforts of Megan Gibson and the officers of the U.S. Navy Submarine School, Groton, Connecticut, for their participation in this research. We also wish to thank the thoughtful comments of three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under task TD2212, Astrid Schmidt-Nielsen, Science Officer. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD MAY PY 2014 VL 56 IS 3 BP 509 EP 520 DI 10.1177/0018720813498093 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA AF3SJ UT WOS:000334632200007 PM 24930172 ER PT J AU Conley, SP Frumkin, K AF Conley, Sean P. Frumkin, Kenneth TI ACUTE LOBAR NEPHRONIA: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lobar; nephronia; pyelonephritis; abscess; nephromegaly ID FOCAL BACTERIAL NEPHRITIS; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS AB Background: Patients with fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain commonly present to the emergency department, often generating a broad differential diagnosis. We describe the first reported case in the emergency medicine literature of acute lobar nephronia (ALN). Objectives: To describe the presentation, evaluation, and management of acute lobar nephronia. Case Report: A healthy 27-year-old woman presented after 18 h of fever to 39.94 degrees C (103.9 degrees F), nausea, vomiting, and severe right-sided abdominal pain. Despite a normal urinalysis, a contrasted computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated right perinephric stranding, which was initially interpreted as pyelonephritis. A staff over-read the following day by a radiology body specialist confirmed "likely developing abscess," consistent with the diagnosis of acute lobar nephronia. Conclusion: A normal urinalysis may move clinicians to dismiss a nephrogenic or urologic process. ALN is considered a midpoint in the spectrum of upper urinary tract infections between acute pyelonephritis and intrarenal abscess. Diagnosis may be difficult, and inpatient management, sometimes prolonged, is the norm. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Conley, Sean P.; Frumkin, Kenneth] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Conley, SP (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 EI 1090-1280 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 BP 624 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.097 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA AF5YN UT WOS:000334791000009 PM 24286715 ER PT J AU Fears, KP Photiadis, SJ Kulp, JL Clark, TD AF Fears, Kenan P. Photiadis, Sara J. Kulp, John L., III Clark, Thomas D. TI Synthesis and characterization of cyclic peptides that are beta- helical in trifluoroethanol SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE -helix; circular dichroism; vibrational circular dichroism; NMR spectroscopy; gramicidin A ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; SAFETY-CATCH LINKER; GRAMICIDIN-A; CONFORMATION; SEQUENCES AB We show that three designed cyclic d,l-peptides are -helical in TFEa solvent in which the archetypal -helical peptide, gA, is unstructured. This result represents an advance in the field of -helical peptide foldamers and a step toward achieving -helical structure under a broad range of solvent conditions. We synthesized two of the three peptides examined using an improved variant of our original CBC strategy. Here, we began with a commercially available PEG-PS composite resin prefunctionalized with the alkanesulfonamide SCL' linker and preloaded with glycine. Our new conditions avoided C-terminal epimerization during the CBC step and simplified purification. In addition, we present results to define the scope and limitations of our CBC strategy. These methods and observations will prove useful in designing additional cyclic -helical peptides for applications ranging from transmembrane ion channels to ligands for macromolecular targets. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Fears, Kenan P.; Photiadis, Sara J.; Kulp, John L., III; Clark, Thomas D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, TD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomasclark.bioorganci@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. JLK thanks the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) for postdoctoral fellowship at NRL. TDC dedicates this paper to the memory of Victor Shang-Yi Lin. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1075-2617 EI 1099-1387 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 20 IS 5 BP 366 EP 374 DI 10.1002/psc.2623 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AF6KV UT WOS:000334824900008 PM 24648029 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Doyle, JD Eckermann, SD Jiang, QF Reinecke, PA AF Hendricks, Eric A. Doyle, James D. Eckermann, Stephen D. Jiang, Qingfang Reinecke, P. Alex TI What Is the Source of the Stratospheric Gravity Wave Belt in Austral Winter? SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Baroclinic flows; Mountain waves; Gravity waves ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; MOUNTAIN WAVES; STORM TRACKS; GENERATION; INSTABILITY; ANDES; MODEL; LIMB; JET AB During austral winter, and away from orographic maxima or "hot spots," stratospheric gravity waves in both satellite observations and Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data reveal enhanced amplitudes in a broad midlatitude belt extending across the Southern Ocean from east of the Andes to south of New Zealand. The peak latitude of this feature slowly migrates poleward from 50 degrees to 60 degrees S. Wave amplitudes are much weaker across the midlatitude Pacific Ocean. These features of the wave field are in striking agreement with diagnostics of baroclinic growth rates in the troposphere associated with midlatitude winter storm tracks and the climatology of the midlatitude jet. This correlation suggests that these features of the stratospheric gravity wave field are controlled by geographical variations of tropospheric nonorographic gravity wave sources in winter storm tracks: spontaneous adjustment emission from the midlatitude winter jet, frontogenesis, and convection. C1 [Hendricks, Eric A.; Doyle, James D.; Jiang, Qingfang; Reinecke, P. Alex] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Eckermann, Stephen D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eric.hendricks@nrlmry.navy.mil FU NASA [NNH09ZDA001N-TERRAQUA, NNH11AQ99] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Chief of Naval Research through PE-0601153N, as well as NASA through NNH09ZDA001N-TERRAQUA (The Science of Terra and Aqua), Grant NNH11AQ99. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1583 EP 1592 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0332.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF8UQ UT WOS:000334991500004 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Schubert, WH Chen, YH Kuo, HC Peng, MS AF Hendricks, Eric A. Schubert, Wayne H. Chen, Yu-Han Kuo, Hung-Chi Peng, Melinda S. TI Hurricane Eyewall Evolution in a Forced Shallow-Water Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Instability; Heating; Hurricanes ID SIMULATED HURRICANE; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; DYNAMIC INSTABILITIES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; CORE STRUCTURE; ROSSBY-WAVES; VORTICES; INTENSITY; VORTEX AB A forced shallow-water model is used to understand the role of diabatic and frictional effects in the generation, maintenance, and breakdown of the hurricane eyewall potential vorticity (PV) ring. Diabatic heating is parameterized as an annular mass sink of variable width and magnitude, and the nonlinear evolution of tropical storm-like vortices is examined under this forcing. Diabatic heating produces a strengthening and thinning PV ring in time due to the combined effects of the mass sink and radial PV advection by the induced divergent circulation. If the forcing makes the ring thin enough, then it can become dynamically unstable and break down into polygonal asymmetries or mesovortices. The onset of barotropic instability is marked by simultaneous drops in both the maximum instantaneous velocity and minimum pressure, consistent with unforced studies. However, in a sensitivity test where the heating is proportional to the relative vorticity, universal intensification occurs during barotropic instability, consistent with a recent observational study. Friction is shown to help stabilize the PV ring by reducing the eyewall PV and the unstable-mode barotropic growth rate. The radial location and structure of the heating is shown to be of critical importance for intensity variability. While it is well known that it is critical to heat in the inertially stable region inside the radius of maximum winds to spin up the hurricane vortex, these results demonstrate the additional importance of having the net heating as close as possible to the center of the storm, partially explaining why tropical cyclones with very small eyes can rapidly intensify to high peak intensities. C1 [Hendricks, Eric A.; Peng, Melinda S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Schubert, Wayne H.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chen, Yu-Han; Kuo, Hung-Chi] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eric.hendricks@nrlmry.navy.mil OI KUO, HUNG-CHI/0000-0001-9102-5104 FU NSF Grants [AGS-1147120, AGS-1250966]; Naval International Cooperative Opportunities in Science and Technology Program Grant [N62909-11-1-7096] FX EH and MP acknowledge the support of the Chief of Naval Research PE-0601153N. WS acknowledges support from NSF Grants AGS-1147120 and AGS-1250966. YC and HK acknowledge the support of the Naval International Cooperative Opportunities in Science and Technology Program Grant N62909-11-1-7096. We thank Christopher Rozoff, Qingfang Jiang, and Scott Fulton for helpful discussions. This manuscript was improved by the helpful comments of Paul Reasor and two anonymous reviewers. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1623 EP 1643 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0303.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF8UQ UT WOS:000334991500007 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Tran, TN Yang, B AF Huang, Dale H. Tran, Thanh N. Yang, Bao TI Investigation on the reaction of iron powder mixture as a portable heat source for thermoelectric power generators SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE Ignition; Iron powder; Pyrophoric mixture; Thermal analysis; Thermoelectric ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; 2 CANDIDATE MATERIALS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; TECHNOLOGY; ALUMINUM; CHLORATE AB This paper reports our investigation on the thermal behavior and ignition characteristics of iron powder and mixtures of iron with other materials such as activated carbon and sodium chloride in which iron is the main ingredient used as fuel. Thermal analysis techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the materials and for further understanding of reaction kinetics of the pyrophoric iron mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that iron micron particles react exothermically to the oxygen in atmosphere and produced iron oxide with ignition temperature of 427.87 A degrees C and heat generation of 4,844 J g(-1). However, in this study, the pyrophoric iron mixture acts as a heat source for the thermoelectric power generators, the final mixture composition is determined to compose of iron powder, activated carbon, and sodium chloride with the mass ratio of approximately 5/1/1. The mixture generated two exothermic peaks DSC curves that showed ignition temperature of 431.53 and 554.85 A degrees C and with a higher heat generation of 9,366 J g(-1) at higher temperature. The effects of test pan materials and heating rate on the ignition were also examined by DSC method. Kinetic data such as the activation energy (E (a)), the entropy of activation (Delta S (#) ), enthalpy of activation (Delta H (#) ), and Gibbs energy of activation (Delta G (#) ) on the ignition processes was also derived from the DSC analysis. From the ignition temperature, heat generation, and kinetics test data, the mass ratio of 5/1/1 proved to generate the most amount of heat with high temperatures for the standalone thermoelectric power generators. C1 [Huang, Dale H.; Yang, Bao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tran, Thanh N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dhhuang@umd.edu; baoyang@umd.edu FU Independent Applied Research program at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division; NSF [1232949] FX This research was made possible through the support of the Independent Applied Research program at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division and financially supported by NSF under Grant 1232949. The authors would like to thank Dr. Steven Dallek of the Spectrum Technology group for his help with the DSC and TG instruments. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 EI 1572-8943 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 116 IS 2 BP 1047 EP 1053 DI 10.1007/s10973-013-3619-9 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AF4NC UT WOS:000334688900060 ER PT J AU Lane, WM Cotton, WD van Velzen, S Clarke, TE Kassim, NE Helmboldt, JF Lazio, TJW Cohen, AS AF Lane, W. M. Cotton, W. D. van Velzen, S. Clarke, T. E. Kassim, N. E. Helmboldt, J. F. Lazio, T. J. W. Cohen, A. S. TI The Very Large Array Low-frequency Sky Survey Redux (VLSSr) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: image processing; catalogues; surveys; radio continuum: general ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; RADIO-SOURCES; SOURCE CATALOG; SPECTRUM; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; SCALE; AREA AB We present the results of a recent re-reduction of the data from the Very Large Array (VLA) Low-frequency Sky Survey (VLSS). We used the VLSS catalogue as a sky model to correct the ionospheric distortions in the data and create a new set of sky maps and corresponding catalogue at 73.8 MHz. The VLSS Redux (VLSSr) has a resolution of 75 arcsec, and an average map rms noise level of Sigma similar to 0.1 Jy beam(-1). The clean bias is 0.66 x Sigma and the theoretical largest angular size is 36 arcmin. Six previously unimaged fields are included in the VLSSr, which has an unbroken sky coverage over 9.3 sr above an irregular southern boundary. The final catalogue includes 92 964 sources. The VLSSr improves upon the original VLSS in a number of areas including imaging of large sources, image sensitivity, and clean bias; however the most critical improvement is the replacement of an inaccurate primary beam correction which caused source flux errors which vary as a function of radius to nearest pointing centre in the VLSS. C1 [Lane, W. M.; Clarke, T. E.; Kassim, N. E.; Helmboldt, J. F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cotton, W. D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [van Velzen, S.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Lazio, T. J. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cohen, A. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Lane, WM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wendy.peters@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 FU 6.1 base funds; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Basic research at the Naval Research Lab is supported by 6.1 base funds. We thank E. Polisensky for help with the graphics. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 42 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 440 IS 1 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu256 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AF4OD UT WOS:000334691900026 ER PT J AU Atzeni, S Ribeyre, X Schurtz, G Schmitt, AJ Canaud, B Betti, R Perkins, LJ AF Atzeni, S. Ribeyre, X. Schurtz, G. Schmitt, A. J. Canaud, B. Betti, R. Perkins, L. J. TI Shock ignition of thermonuclear fuel: principles and modelling SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article DE inertial confinement fusion; laser driven fusion; shock ignition; target design ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER FUSION; DIRECT-DRIVE; UNIFORM ILLUMINATION; TARGET PHYSICS; ENERGY GAIN; PLASMAS; COMPRESSION; IRRADIATION; IMPLOSIONS AB Shock ignition is an approach to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in which the stages of compression and hot spot formation are partly separated. The fuel is first imploded at a lower velocity than in conventional ICF. Close to stagnation, an intense laser spike drives a strong converging shock, which contributes to hot spot formation. Shock ignition shows potentials for high gain at laser energies below 1 MJ, and could be tested on the National Ignition Facility or Laser MegaJoule. Shock ignition principles and modelling are reviewed in this paper. Target designs and computer-generated gain curves are presented and discussed. Limitations of present studies and research needs are outlined. C1 [Atzeni, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento SBAI, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Atzeni, S.] CNISM, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Ribeyre, X.; Schurtz, G.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, Ctr Lasers Intenses & Applicat, F-33405 Talence, France. [Schmitt, A. J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Canaud, B.] CEA, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Betti, R.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. [Perkins, L. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Atzeni, S (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento SBAI, Via A Scarpa 14-16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM stefano.atzeni@uniroma1.it RI Atzeni, Stefano/F-5538-2012 OI Atzeni, Stefano/0000-0002-4339-2994 FU Italian MIUR [PRIN 2009FCC9MS]; Sapienza project [2012 C26A12CZH2]; EURATOM within the 'Keep-in-Touch' activities; Aquitaine Regional Council; HiPER project; Preparatory Phase Funding Agency EC; Preparatory Phase Funding Agency MSMT; Preparatory Phase Funding Agency STFC; US Department of Energy/NNSA FX SA was partially supported by the Italian MIUR project PRIN 2009FCC9MS and the Sapienza project 2012 C26A12CZH2. XR was partly supported by EURATOM within the 'Keep-in-Touch' activities and the Aquitaine Regional Council. SA, XR and GS were also partially supported by the HiPER project and Preparatory Phase Funding Agencies (EC, MSMT and STFC). AS was supported by the US Department of Energy/NNSA. NR 119 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAY PY 2014 VL 54 IS 5 SI SI AR 054008 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/54/5/054008 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AF3HA UT WOS:000334601200008 ER PT J AU Murakami, M Nagatomo, H Johzaki, T Sakaiya, T Velikovich, A Karasik, M Gus'kov, S Zmitrenko, N AF Murakami, M. Nagatomo, H. Johzaki, T. Sakaiya, T. Velikovich, A. Karasik, M. Gus'kov, S. Zmitrenko, N. TI Impact ignition as a track to laser fusion SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article DE impact ignition; super-high velocity; integrated experiment ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HYPERVELOCITY-IMPACT; SHOCK-WAVES; HIGH-GAIN; TARGETS; PLASMA; ENERGY; IMPLOSION; MATTER; SHELL AB In impact ignition, the compressed deuterium-tritium main fuel is ignited by impact with a separately imploded portion of fuel, which is accelerated in a hollow conical target to hyperspeeds of the order of 1000 kms(-1). Its kinetic energy is directly converted into thermal energy corresponding to an ignition temperature of about 5 keV upon collision with the compressed fuel. The ignitor shell is irradiated by nanosecond pulses at intensities of between 10(15) and 10(16) Wcm(-2) with a wavelength of 0.25-0.35 mu m, resulting in ablation pressures of several hundred mega-bars. Hydrodynamics-dominated physics and avoidance of ultra-intense petawatt lasers are notable features of this scheme. Experimental results for velocities exceeding 1000 kms(-1), ion temperatures up to 3 keV, and neutron yield increases of 100-fold due to the impact effect indicate the potential of impact ignition for fusion energy production. The overall performance of impact ignition is reviewed with new analyses on the neutron yield and shell acceleration. C1 [Murakami, M.; Nagatomo, H.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. [Johzaki, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sakaiya, T.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka, Japan. [Velikovich, A.; Karasik, M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Gus'kov, S.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Zmitrenko, N.] MV Keldysh Appl Math Inst, Moscow 125047, Russia. RP Murakami, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. EM murakami-m@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Gus'kov, Sergey/M-7658-2015; murakami, masakatsu/I-2309-2015 OI Gus'kov, Sergey/0000-0003-3523-546X; murakami, masakatsu/0000-0003-2220-7638 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); US Department of Energy, Defense Programmes; RFBR [11-01-00267, 12-02-92101-JF] FX This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Computations on sections 5 and 6 were carried out at Cyber Media Center, and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. The participation of Max Karasik and A. Velikovich in this work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Defense Programmes. The participation of S. Yu. Gus'kov and N.V. Zmitrenko in this work was supported by RFBR Projects No 11-01-00267 and No 12-02-92101-JF. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAY PY 2014 VL 54 IS 5 SI SI AR 054007 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/54/5/054007 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AF3HA UT WOS:000334601200007 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Laurent, HK Larson, GE Rauh, MJ Lauby, MDH Granger, DA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Laurent, Heidemarie K. Larson, Gerald E. Rauh, Mitchell J. Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller Granger, Douglas A. TI Salivary nerve growth factor response to intense stress: Effect of sex and body mass index SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stress; Nerve growth factor; Plasticity; Military; Survival; Sex differences; Body mass index AB Ample evidence links stress to psychiatric and neurological disease. Although many studies examine stress hormone secretion and receptor activity, exciting new developments signify a shift in focus to neuromodulatory systems influencing neuronal development, survival, and neuroplasticity. The purpose of this study was to characterize salivary nerve growth factor (sNGF) responses to intense stress exposure in healthy military members undergoing survival training. A second purpose was to explore effects of age, sex, education, and body mass index (BMI). One hundred sixteen military members (80% male) were studied before, during, and 24 h after a stressful mock-captivity exercise. sNGF was measured at all three time points. Reactivity, recovery, and residual elevation of sNGF were computed. General linear modeling with repeated measures evaluated effect of stress exposure, as well as the roles of age, sex, education, and BMI. sNGF increased 137% from baseline to intense stress. During recovery, sNGF remained elevated an average of 67% above baseline (i.e., residual elevation). Men showed greater sNGF reactivity than women quantified by larger absolute T1 - T2 Delta (+148.1 pg/mL vs. +64.9 pg/mL, p < 0.017). A noteworthy trend of higher sNGF concentrations in low BMI participants was observed (p = 0.058). No effects of age or education were shown. This study shows substantial reactivity and residual C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Larson, Gerald E.; Rauh, Mitchell J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, Biobehav Sci Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.; Laurent, Heidemarie K.; Granger, Douglas A.] Arizona State Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Salivary Biosci Res, Tempe, AZ USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.; Rauh, Mitchell J.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Laurent, Heidemarie K.] Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller] Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Granger, Douglas A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. [Granger, Douglas A.] Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil; hlaurent@uoregon.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD MAY PY 2014 VL 43 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.005 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AG0HR UT WOS:000335097000010 PM 24703174 ER PT J AU Elliott, MJ Slakey, JB AF Elliott, Michael J. Slakey, Joseph B. TI CT Provides Precise Size Assessment of Implanted Titanium Alloy Pedicle Screws SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THORACIC PEDICLE; IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; SPINAL-FUSION; PLACEMENT; INSTRUMENTATION; FIXATION; COMPLICATIONS; VERTEBRAE AB After performing instrumented spinal fusion with pedicle screws, postoperative imaging using CT to assess screw position may be necessary. Stainless steel implants produce significant metal artifact on CT, and the degree of distortion is at least partially dependent on the cross-sectional area of the implanted device. If the same effect occurs with titanium alloy implants, ability to precisely measure proximity of screws to adjacent structures may be adversely affected as screw size increases. We therefore asked whether (1) CT provides precise measurements of true screw widths; and (2) precision degrades based on the size of the titanium implant imaged. CT scans performed on 20 patients after instrumented spinal fusion for scoliosis were reviewed. The sizes of 151 titanium alloy pedicle screws were measured and compared with known screw size. The amount of metal bloom artifact was determined for each of the four screw sizes. ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test were performed to evaluate differences in scatter, and Spearman's rho coefficient was used to measure relationship between screw size and scatter. All screws measured larger than their known size, but even with larger 7-mm screws the size differential was less than 1 mm. The four different screw sizes produced scatter amounts that were different from each other (p < 0.001).The amount of metal bloom artifact produced does increase as the size of the screw increases (rho = 0.962, p < 0.001). CT of titanium alloy pedicle screws produces minimal artifact, thus making this the preferred imaging modality to assess screw position after surgery. Although the amount of artifact increases with the volume of titanium present, the degree of distortion is minimal and is usually less than 1 mm. C1 [Elliott, Michael J.] Childrens Hosp Cent Calif, Dept Pediat Orthoped, Madera, CA USA. [Slakey, Joseph B.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Slakey, JB (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Joseph.slakey@med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X EI 1528-1132 J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 472 IS 5 BP 1605 EP 1609 DI 10.1007/s11999-014-3494-0 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA AE7LV UT WOS:000334180400038 PM 24515406 ER PT J AU Barrese, K Loehr, N Remmel, J Sagan, BE AF Barrese, Kenneth Loehr, Nicholas Remmel, Jeffrey Sagan, Bruce E. TI m-Level rook placements SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL THEORY SERIES A LA English DT Article DE Ferrers board; Inversion number; p, q-Analogue; q, t-Catalan numbers; Rook placement AB Goldman, Joichi, and White proved a beautiful theorem showing that the falling factorial generating function for the rook numbers of a Ferrers board factors over the integers. Briggs and Remmel studied an analogue of rook placements where rows are replaced by sets of m rows called levels. They proved a version of the factorization theorem in that setting, but only for certain Ferrers boards. We generalize this result to any Ferrers board as well as giving a p, q-analogue. We also consider a dual situation involving weighted file placements which permit more than one rook in the same row. In both settings, we discuss properties of the resulting equivalence classes such as the number of elements in a class. In addition, we prove analogues of a theorem of Foata and Schutzenberger giving a distinguished representative in each class as well as make connections with the q, t-Catalan numbers. We end with some open questions raised by this work. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barrese, Kenneth; Sagan, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Loehr, Nicholas] Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Loehr, Nicholas] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Remmel, Jeffrey] UCSD, Dept Math, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Barrese, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM baressek@math.msu.edu; nloehr@vt.edu; jremmel@ucsd.edu; sagan@math.msu.edu FU Simons Foundation [244398] FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#244398). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0097-3165 EI 1096-0899 J9 J COMB THEORY A JI J. Comb. Theory Ser. A PD MAY PY 2014 VL 124 BP 130 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jcta.2014.01.006 PG 36 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AF0GB UT WOS:000334391000006 ER PT J AU Radko, T Bulters, A Flanagan, JD Campin, JM AF Radko, T. Bulters, A. Flanagan, J. D. Campin, J. -M. TI Double-Diffusive Recipes. Part I: Large-Scale Dynamics of Thermohaline Staircases SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ocean dynamics; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SALT FINGERS; TURBULENT DISSIPATION; MERGING EVENTS; OCEAN MODEL; THERMOCLINE; LAYERS; PARAMETERIZATION; ATLANTIC; SERIES; FLUID AB Three-dimensional dynamics of thermohaline staircases are investigated using a series of basin-scale staircase-resolving numerical simulations. The computational domain and forcing fields are chosen to reflect the size and structure of the North Atlantic subtropical thermocline. Salt-finger transport is parameterized using the flux-gradient formulation based on a suite of recent direct numerical simulations. Analysis of the spontaneous generation of thermohaline staircases suggests that thermohaline layering is a product of the gamma instability, associated with the variation of the flux ratio with the density ratio . After their formation, numerical staircases undergo a series of merging events, which systematically increase the size of layers. Ultimately, the system evolves into a steady equilibrium state with pronounced layers 20-50 m thick. The size of the region occupied by thermohaline staircases is controlled by the competition between turbulent mixing and double diffusion. Assuming, in accordance with observations, that staircases form when the density ratio is less than the critical value of , the authors arrive at an indirect estimate of the characteristic turbulent diffusivity in the subtropical thermocline. C1 [Radko, T.; Bulters, A.; Flanagan, J. D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Campin, J. -M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1334914, CBET 0933057, ANT 0944536, OCI-1053575] FX The authors thank the editor Karen Heywood and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (Grants OCE 1334914, CBET 0933057, and ANT 0944536) is gratefully acknowledged. The computing resources for this project were supplied by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) program, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Grant OCI-1053575. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1284 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0155.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AF6HO UT WOS:000334815500001 ER PT J AU Radko, T Flanagan, JD Stellmach, S Timmermans, ML AF Radko, T. Flanagan, J. D. Stellmach, S. Timmermans, M. -L. TI Double-Diffusive Recipes. Part II: Layer-Merging Events SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ocean dynamics; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SALT FINGERS; THERMOHALINE STAIRCASES; INTERFACE; FLUXES; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; HEAT; ICE; REGIME AB This study explores the dynamics of thermohaline staircases: well-defined stepped structures in temperature and salinity profiles, commonly observed in regions of active double diffusion. The evolution of staircases in time is frequently characterized by spontaneous layer-merging events. These phenomena, the authors argue, are essential in regulating the equilibrium layer thickness in fully developed staircases. The pattern and mechanics of merging events are explained using a combination of analytical considerations, direct numerical simulations, and data analysis. The theoretical merger model is based on the stability analysis for a series of identical steps and pertains to both forms of double diffusion: diffusive convection and salt fingering. The conceptual significance of the proposed model lies in its ability to describe merging events without assuming from the outset specific power laws for the vertical transport of heat and salt-the approach adopted by earlier merging models. The analysis of direct numerical simulations indicates that merging models based on the four-thirds flux laws offer adequate qualitative description of the evolutionary patterns but are less accurate than models that do not rely on such laws. Specific examples considered in this paper include the evolution of layers in the diffusive staircase in the Beaufort Gyre of the Arctic Ocean. C1 [Radko, T.; Flanagan, J. D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stellmach, S.] Univ Munster, Inst Geophys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Timmermans, M. -L.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu RI Timmermans, Mary-Louise/N-5983-2014 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1334914, CBET 0933057, ANT 0944536, OCI-1053575] FX The authors thank the editor Karen Heywood and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (Grants OCE 1334914, CBET 0933057, and ANT 0944536) is gratefully acknowledged. The ice-tethered profiler data were collected and made available by the Ice-Tethered Profiler Program based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (www.whoi.edu/itp). The computing resources for this project were supplied by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) program, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Grant OCI-1053575. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1305 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0156.1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AF6HO UT WOS:000334815500002 ER PT J AU Ostanek, JK AF Ostanek, Jason K. TI Improving Pin-Fin Heat Transfer Predictions Using Artificial Neural Networks SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL APPROXIMATORS; PERFORMANCE AB In much of the public literature on pin-fin heat transfer, the Nusselt number is presented as a function of Reynolds number using a power-law correlation. Power-law correlations typically have an accuracy of 20% while the experimental uncertainty of such measurements is typically between 5% and 10%. Additionally, the use of power-law correlations may require many sets of empirical constants to fully characterize heat transfer for different geometrical arrangements. In the present work, artificial neural networks were used to predict heat transfer as a function of streamwise spacing, spanwise spacing, pin-fin height, Reynolds number, and row position. When predicting experimental heat transfer data, the neural network was able to predict 73% of array-averaged heat transfer data to within 10% accuracy while published power-law correlations predicted 48% of the data to within 10% accuracy. Similarly, the neural network predicted 81% of row-averaged data to within 10% accuracy while 52% of the data was predicted to within 10% accuracy using power-law correlations. The present work shows that first-order heat transfer predictions may be simplified by using a single neural network model rather than combining or interpolating between power-law correlations. Furthermore, the neural network may be expanded to include additional pin-fin features of interest such as fillets, duct rotation, pin shape, pin inclination angle, and more making neural networks expandable and adaptable models for predicting pin-fin heat transfer. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Energy Convers R&D, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Ostanek, JK (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Energy Convers R&D, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM jason.ostanek@navy.mil FU Science, Math, and Research for Transformation (SMART) fellowship program; Department of Defense (DoD) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Science, Math, and Research for Transformation (SMART) fellowship program and the Department of Defense (DoD) for sponsoring this work. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2014 VL 136 IS 5 AR 051010 DI 10.1115/1.4025217 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AD6FP UT WOS:000333351800010 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Wang, YT AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Wang, Yanting TI Generalized Polarimetric Model-Based Decompositions Using Incoherent Scattering Models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Model-based decomposition; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR); radar polarimetry ID COHERENCY MATRIX; SAR DATA; POLSAR; COMPENSATION; SYMMETRY AB The model-based scattering decomposition pioneered by Freeman and Durden has stimulated research in characterizing polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) scattering phenomenon and its applications. The Freeman and Durden decomposition as originally developed is based on three scattering models for volume, surface, and double bounce. It is known that the decomposition often produces negative scattering powers for a large number of pixels. This implies that the scattering models are inconsistent with the data. In this paper, we investigate the model deficiency problem and propose several algorithms to mitigate it. To achieve this, we developed an incoherent scattering model based on the polarization orientation angle distribution of phase differences. Two approaches are taken to reduce the number of negative power pixels: 1) adopt a volume scattering model by including variable shape factor while keeping the original surface and double bounce models unchanged, and 2) incorporate the incoherent surface or double bounce model while keeping the original volume model. In addition, the combination of 1) and 2) is explored, and the effect of polarization orientation compensation on these algorithms is investigated. The effectiveness of these approaches is compared using L-band AIRSAR and E-SAR PolSAR data. It will be shown that model efficiency is improved with occurrence of negative power reduced to an insignificant level. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Wang, Yanting] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; yanting.wang@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2474 EP 2491 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2262051 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4IN UT WOS:000332484700016 ER PT J AU Chen, W AF Chen, Wei TI Determination of Displacement From an Image Sequence Based on Time-Reversal Invariance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Current; feature tracking; heat flow; inverse problem; motion estimation; motion tracking; optical flow; optical flow computation; time-reversal invariance of average velocity (TRIAV); time-reversal invariance of brightness constancy constraint (TRIBCC); time-reversal invariance of displacement (TRID); under-constrained issue ID OPTICAL-FLOW; MOTION ESTIMATION; SURFACE VELOCITIES; MODEL AB This paper addresses the under-constrained issue for displacement determination in an image sequence to propose a fully constrained system of equations. The differentiation between the under-constrained issue and the issue of motion tracking by featureless morphologies (aperture problem) is clarified based on the refinements of logic for this particular physical system. This system is found to be time-reversal invariant because the motion can be observed from two frame images regardless of the order of the two images. A fully constrained system is derived based only on the brightness constancy constraint without any approximation, additional constraint, or assumption. The system includes the time-reversal invariance of displacement or average velocity equations and brightness constancy constraint equations for optical or heat flow computation. A unified adaptive framework proposed in the author's previous works is employed for solving the nonlinear system of equations. The fully constrained system cannot be used to derive motion vectors in featureless regions (aperture problem), and it is also proved theoretically that there is no solution to the fully constrained system of equations in a featureless region. It confirms that the under-constrained issue is different from and independent from the aperture problem. The goal of this paper is to infer motion vectors consistent with physical observation (actually tracked motion) by optimizing both forward and backward motion-compensated predictions rather than to find physical motion in featureless regions. A series of simulation images and real-world thermal images is used to examine and demonstrate the performance of the fully constrained system. C1 Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wei.chen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research at the Naval Research Laboratory [WU-72-4279-10] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the project WU-72-4279-10 at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2575 EP 2592 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2263387 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4IN UT WOS:000332484700024 ER PT J AU Amin, R Lewis, D Gould, RW Hou, WL Lawson, A Ondrusek, M Arnone, R AF Amin, Ruhul Lewis, David Gould, Richard W. Hou, Weilin Lawson, Adam Ondrusek, Michael Arnone, Robert TI Assessing the Application of Cloud-Shadow Atmospheric Correction Algorithm on HICO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric correction; cloud-shadow; hyperspectral imagery; ocean color; remote sensing ID WATER; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; PARAMETER; RADIANCE; IMAGERY; COLOR AB Several ocean color earth observation satellite sensors are presently collecting daily imagery, including the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO). HICO has been operating aboard the International Space Station since its installation on September 24, 2009. It provides high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery optimized for the coastal ocean. Atmospheric correction, however, still remains a challenge for this sensor, particularly in optically complex coastal waters. In this paper, we assess the application of the cloud-shadow atmospheric correction approach on HICO data and validate the results with the in situ data. We also use multiple sets of cloud, shadow, and sunlit pixels to correct a single image multiple times and intercompare the results to assess variability in the retrieved reflectance spectra. Retrieved chlorophyll values from this intercomparison are similar and also agree well with the in situ chlorophyll measurements. C1 [Amin, Ruhul; Lewis, David; Gould, Richard W.; Hou, Weilin; Lawson, Adam; Arnone, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Amin, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ruhul.amin@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research and in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing to M. Ondrusek. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA, NRL, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2646 EP 2653 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2264166 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC4IN UT WOS:000332484700029 ER PT J AU Nagy, A Gemmill, KB Delehanty, JB Medintz, IL Sapsford, KE AF Nagy, Amber Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman Delehanty, James B. Medintz, Igor L. Sapsford, Kim E. TI Peptide-Functionalized Quantum Dot Biosensors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Biosensor; bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET); Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET); peptide; protease; quantum dot (QD) ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; PROTEASES RECENT ADVANCES; ACTIVITY-BASED PROBES; BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; GOLD NANOPARTICLE; REMAINING ISSUES; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; TRANSFER RELAY; IN-VITRO AB Quantum dot (QD) nanomaterials have a number of electro-optical properties that make them ideal for biosensing applications. QDs combined with peptides have been used for both targeting and sensing applications, however this review will focus specifically on peptide-functionalized QD biosensors, whose signal transduction occurs through active modulation of the QD photo-luminescent properties. C1 [Nagy, Amber; Sapsford, Kim E.] US FDA, Div Biol, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nagy, A (reprint author), US FDA, Div Biol, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM Amber.Nagy@fda.hhs.gov; Kelly.Boeneman@nrl.navy.mil; James.Delehanty@nrl.navy.mil; Igor.Medintz@nrl.navy.mil; Kim.Sapsford@fda.hhs.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Engineering; NRI. NSI; DTRA 1ST() M1PR [13112582M] FX The work of A. Nagy was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship initiated through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Engineering. The work of I. I.. Medintz was supported by the NRI. NSI and DTRA 1ST() M1PR # 13112582M for financial support. The work of K. E. Sapford was supported by the Division of Biology, FDA for financial support. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 143 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 3 AR 6900512 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2284427 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 293UC UT WOS:000329998200011 ER PT J AU Salem, TE Wood, RA AF Salem, Thomas E. Wood, Robert A. TI 1000-H Evaluation of a 1200-V, 880-A All-SiC Dual Module SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Electric vehicles; high-power; inverter; metal oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET); silicon carbide ID POWER; DEVICES; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; DIODES; MOSFET AB The commercial availability of silicon-carbide (SiC) power devices began over a decade ago with the introduction of SiC diodes and has expanded in complexity the past few years to include the offering of SiC transistors and power modules. Recently, characterization of a 1200-V, 800-A all-SiC dual module designed for large-scale electric military vehicle applications has been reported. This paper expands on the previous work by presenting details and results obtained from a long-term evaluation of a similar module. The module has successfully operated in an experimental circuit at a switching frequency of 10 kHz while running vehicle load profiles for over 1000 h and exhibited little change in device characteristics. Of all measured characteristics, none had a significant unfavorable change greater than 10% from its initial value. The 1000 h of circuit operation represents 11 783 miles of use or over half of the expected lifecycle in a military vehicle traction inverter. C1 [Salem, Thomas E.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Wood, Robert A.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM salem@usna.edu; robert.a.wood98.civ@mail.mil NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 EI 1941-0107 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 SI SI BP 2192 EP 2198 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2265661 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 293RN UT WOS:000329991500006 ER PT J AU Lee, RW Laux, A Mullen, LJ AF Lee, Robert W. Laux, Alan Mullen, Linda J. TI Hybrid technique for enhanced optical ranging in turbid water environments SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lidar; laser range finders; modulation; scattering; optical properties; water; absorption; sensors ID MODULATED LASER IMAGER; LIGHT-PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; CLOUDS AB A hybrid approach is described that enhances the performance of an underwater optical ranging system. This approach uses high-frequency modulation and a spatial delay line filter to suppress unwanted backscatter. A dual frequency approach is also implemented to reduce the effects of forward scatter and remove the ambiguity associated with using the phase of the single, high-frequency modulation envelope to measure range. Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid technique to reject multiple scattered light and improve range precision. The experimental results were compared with data generated from a theoretical model developed to predict the performance of the technique as a function of system and environmental variables. Model and experimental results are shown that reveal the ability of the approach to provide accurate ranging to an underwater object in a variety of water environments. Model predictions also indicate that advancements in transmitter and receiver technology will extend the range and improve the accuracy of the technique beyond what has been achieved thus far. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Lee, Robert W.; Laux, Alan; Mullen, Linda J.] Naval Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM robert.lee9@navy.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 25 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 AR 051404 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.5.051404 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 287VU UT WOS:000329571200003 ER PT J AU O'Connor, S Mullen, LJ Cochenour, B AF O'Connor, Shawn Mullen, Linda J. Cochenour, Brandon TI Underwater modulated pulse laser imaging system SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE underwater; laser; three-dimensional imaging; modulation; forward-scatter suppression ID IMAGER AB The detection and identification of underwater threats in coastal areas are of interest to the Navy. When identifying a potential target, both two-dimensional (amplitude versus position) and three-dimensional (amplitude and range versus position) information are important. Laser imaging in turbid coastal waters makes this task challenging due to absorption and scattering in both the forward and backward directions. Conventional imaging approaches to suppress scatter rely on a pulsed laser and a range-gated receiver or an intensity-modulated continuous wave laser and a coherent RF receiver. The modulated pulsed laser imaging system is a hybrid of these two approaches and uses RF intensity modulation on a short optical pulse. The result is an imaging system capable of simultaneously acquiring high-contrast images along with high-precision unambiguous ranges. A working modulated pulsed laser line scanner was constructed and tested with a custom-built transmitter, a large-bandwidth optical receiver, and a high-speed digitizing oscilloscope. The effectiveness of the modulation to suppress both backscatter and forward scatter, as applied to both magnitude and range images, is discussed. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [O'Connor, Shawn; Mullen, Linda J.; Cochenour, Brandon] Naval Air Syst Command, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP O'Connor, S (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, NAVAIR, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM shawn.oconnor2@navy.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 AR 051403 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.5.051403 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 287VU UT WOS:000329571200002 ER PT J AU van't Erve, OMJ Hanbicki, AT McCreary, KM Li, CH Jonker, BT AF van't Erve, O. M. J. Hanbicki, A. T. McCreary, K. M. Li, C. H. Jonker, B. T. TI Optical detection of spin Hall effect in metals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES AB Optical techniques have been widely used to probe the spin Hall effect in semiconductors. In metals, however, only electrical methods such as nonlocal spin valve transport, ferromagnetic resonance, or spin torque transfer experiments have been successful. These methods require complex processing techniques and measuring setups. We show here that the spin Hall effect can be observed in non-magnetic metals such as Pt and beta-W, using a standard bench top magneto-optical Kerr system with very little sample preparation. Applying a square wave current and using Fourier analysis significantly improve our detection level. One can readily determine the angular dependence of the induced polarization on the bias current direction (very difficult to do with voltage detection), the orientation of the spin Hall induced polarization, and the sign of the spin Hall angle. This optical approach is free from the complications of various resistive effects, which can compromise voltage measurements. This opens up the study of spin Hall effect in metals to a variety of spin dynamic and spatial imaging experiments. C1 [van't Erve, O. M. J.; Hanbicki, A. T.; McCreary, K. M.; Li, C. H.; Jonker, B. T.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP van't Erve, OMJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Olaf.Vanterve@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 17 AR 172402 DI 10.1063/1.4874328 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AH5BD UT WOS:000336142500045 ER PT J AU Ray, A Smith, HM Haegel, NM AF Ray, A. Smith, Holland M., III Haegel, N. M. TI Temperature dependence of the indirect bandgap in thallium bromide from cathodoluminescence spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THALLOUS HALIDES; TLBR; GAP; TIBR; SEMICONDUCTORS; LUMINESCENCE; GERMANIUM; PRESSURE; CRYSTALS AB The temperature dependence of the indirect bandgap in thallium bromide has been determined using variable temperature (5K to 300 K) cathodoluminescence. The spectra include transitions associated with both the indirect (2.66 eV at 5K) and the direct (3.0 eV at 5K) bandgaps. Leastsquares analysis has been used to obtain fitting parameters for three analytical models commonly applied to describe the dependence of the bandgap on temperature for the lowest energy indirect transition. The indirect bandgap emission shifts to an energy of 2.86 eV at 300 K. We find a significant difference in the behavior of the luminescence associated with the direct bandgap, which does not appear to shift to the extent predicted by earlier measurements of the exciton absorption edge. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ray, A.; Haegel, N. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Smith, Holland M., III] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Nancy.Haegel@nrel.gov FU DNDO Academic Research Initiative [NSF/ARI 083007] FX This work was supported by the DNDO Academic Research Initiative Grant No. NSF/ARI 083007. The materials were provided by Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. We acknowledge helpful discussions with D. Chrzan and Y. Zhou of UC Berkeley. A. Ray acknowledges his participation in the Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program, administered by ASEE. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 16 AR 163709 DI 10.1063/1.4874265 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG2EH UT WOS:000335228400039 ER PT J AU Zhang, JL Campbell, JR Hyer, EJ Reid, JS Westphal, DL Johnson, RS AF Zhang, Jianglong Campbell, James R. Hyer, Edward J. Reid, Jeffrey S. Westphal, Douglas L. Johnson, Randall S. TI Evaluating the impact of multisensor data assimilation on a global aerosol particle transport model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Aerosol assimilation; MODIS; MISR; CALIPSO; Multi-sensor ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; OPTICAL DEPTH PRODUCT; AERONET OBSERVATIONS; FORECAST MODEL; MODIS; RETRIEVALS; OCEAN; VALIDATION; NETWORK; PREDICTION AB By evaluating quality-assured Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Dark Target (DT), MODIS Deep Blue (DB), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol products assimilated into the U. S. Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS), the impact of single-sensor and multisensor data assimilation on aerosol optical depth (AOD) analysis and forecast skill is characterized using ground-based Level 2 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data sets during the 2007 boreal summer (June-August 2007). The single-sensor assimilation experiment suggests that all products tested can improve NAAPS performance on a regional or a global scale. The multisensor assimilation experiment suggests that model improvement is greatest with the combined use of Terra and Aqua MODIS DT products, largely due to data density. Incremental improvements are identified, as a function of data density, over regions such as the Saharan desert when adding MISR and MODIS DB products. The inclusion of CALIOP data is mass-neutral by definition and has an insignificant impact on the NAAPS 00 h analysis. CALIOP assimilation does improve the 48 h forecast from NAAPS due to more accurate 00 h vertical distribution and hence forecasted advection. Root-mean-square errors exceeding 0.1 are found over East Asia and North Africa for both the NAAPS analysis and satellite AOD data, indicating that satellite aerosol products in these two regions need improvement. Similarly, low correlation is found between NAAPS and AERONET over Australia, even with the use of all available satellite aerosol products, suggesting that more detailed examination of some critical regions is necessary. Key Points The combined use of satellite products is necessary for aerosol forecasts Refinements are needed for satellite aerosol products over selected regions Improvements in data volume and quality from satellite products are needed C1 [Zhang, Jianglong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Campbell, James R.; Hyer, Edward J.; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Westphal, Douglas L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Johnson, Randall S.] Image Sensing Syst Inc, St Paul, MN USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Johnson, Randall/0000-0002-4084-6639 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; NASA [NNG13HH10I]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322 and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Author J.R.C. acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency agreement NNG13HH10I on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network and NASA Radiation Sciences Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the coastal sites used in this investigation. MISR and CALIOP aerosol data were obtained from the Atmospheric Science Data Center (from the NASA Langley Research Center). The level 2MODIS aerosol data were obtained from the Goddard Space Flight Center Level 1 and atmospheric archive and distribution system. The level 3 data assimilation grade MODIS DT aerosol data were downloaded from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation experiment (GODAE) server. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4674 EP 4689 DI 10.1002/2013JD020975 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KP UT WOS:000335809100016 ER PT J AU Lindsay, L Li, W Carrete, J Mingo, N Broido, DA Reinecke, TL AF Lindsay, L. Li, Wu Carrete, Jesus Mingo, Natalio Broido, D. A. Reinecke, T. L. TI Phonon thermal transport in strained and unstrained graphene from first principles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON; SYSTEMS AB A rigorous first principles Boltzmann-Peierls equation (BPE) for phonon transport approach is employed to examine the lattice thermal conductivity, k(L), of strained and unstrained graphene. First principles calculations show that the out-of-plane, flexural acoustic phonons provide the dominant contribution to k(L) of graphene for all strains, temperatures, and system sizes considered, supporting a previous prediction that used an optimized Tersoff empirical interatomic potential. For the range of finite system sizes considered, we show that the k(L) of graphene is relatively insensitive to strain. This provides validation for use of the BPE approach to calculate k(L) for unstrained graphene, which has recently been called into question. The temperature and system size dependence of the calculated k(L) of graphene is in good agreement with experimental data. The enhancement of k(L) with isotopic purification is found to be relatively small due to strong anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering. This work provides insight into the nature of phonon thermal transport in graphene, and it demonstrates the power of first principles thermal transport techniques. C1 [Lindsay, L.] Naval Res Lab, NRC Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Broido, D. A.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Li, Wu; Carrete, Jesus; Mingo, Natalio] CEA Grenoble, LITEN, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Reinecke, T. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lindsay, L (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, NRC Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindsay, Lucas/C-9221-2012; Li, Wu/D-3751-2015; Carrete Montana, Jesus/G-9490-2012 OI Lindsay, Lucas/0000-0001-9645-7993; Li, Wu/0000-0001-5111-5914; Carrete Montana, Jesus/0000-0003-0971-1098 FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Research Council/Naval Research Laboratory Research Associateship Program; National Science Foundation [1066634]; ONR [N00014-13-1-0234]; Carnot SIEVE FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (L.L. and T.L.R.). L.L. acknowledges support from the National Research Council/Naval Research Laboratory Research Associateship Program. D.A.B. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1066634 and from ONR under Grant No. N00014-13-1-0234. Work at Grenoble was partly supported by project Carnot SIEVE. NR 69 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 87 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 24 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 15 AR 155426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155426 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AG5ZV UT WOS:000335499000005 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Contin, G Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olvitt, DL Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yu, N. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Beam-Energy Dependence of the Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons, and Pions in Au plus Au Collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE FLOW; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; TRANSITION; SIGNATURE; MODELS; QCD AB Rapidity-odd directed flow (upsilon 1) measurements for charged pions, protons, and antiprotons near midrapidity (y = 0) are reported in root(S)(NN) = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeVAu+Au collisions as recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. At intermediate impact parameters, the proton and net-proton slope parameter d upsilon(1) = d upsilon(1)vertical bar (y=0) shows a minimum between 11.5 and 19.6 GeV. In addition, the net-proton d upsilon(1) = d upsilon(1)vertical bar (y=0) changes sign twice between 7.7 and 39 GeV. The proton and net-proton results qualitatively resemble predictions of a hydrodynamic model with a first-order phase transition from hadronic matter to deconfined matter, and differ from hadronic transport calculations. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. 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A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Pachr, M.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. 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K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Putschke, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RI Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016 OI Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657 FU Offices of NP and HEP within the U. S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF [CNRS/IN2P3]; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank H. Petersen, H. Steinheimer, and H. Stocker for helpful discussions. We also thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U. S. DOE Office of Science, the U. S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 55 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 16 AR 162301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.162301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AG3NJ UT WOS:000335325900003 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, E Averichev, GS Balewski, J Banerjee, A Barnovska, Z Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chung, P Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J de Souza, RD Dhamija, S Didenko, L Ding, F Dion, A Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, G Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, E Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Gliske, S Gorbunov, YN Grebenyuk, OG Grosnick, D Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jena, C Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisel, I Kisiel, A Kizka, V Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lima, LM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Lu, Y Luo, X Luszczak, A Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Mioduszewski, S Mitrovski, MK Mohammed, Y Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nogach, LV Novak, J Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Oliveira, RAN Olson, D Ostrowski, P Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porter, J Powell, CB Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, B Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, B Sharma, M Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P deSouza, UG Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Steadman, SG Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yang, Y Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Banerjee, A. Barnovska, Z. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chung, P. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. de Souza, R. Derradi Dhamija, S. Didenko, L. Ding, F. Dion, A. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Gliske, S. Gorbunov, Y. N. Grebenyuk, O. G. Grosnick, D. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Kizka, V. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lima, L. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Lu, Y. Luo, X. Luszczak, A. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Mioduszewski, S. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohammed, Y. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nogach, L. V. Novak, J. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Oliveira, R. A. N. Olson, D. Ostrowski, P. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Powell, C. B. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, B. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. deSouza, U. G. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Steadman, S. G. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Measurement of charge multiplicity asymmetry correlations in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PARITY VIOLATION; HOT QCD; STAR; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; SEPARATION; MATTER AB A study is reported of the same-and opposite-sign charge-dependent azimuthal correlations with respect to the event plane in Au+ Au collisions at root(S)(NN) = 200 GeV. The charge multiplicity asymmetries between the up/down and left/right hemispheres relative to the event plane are utilized. The contributions from statistical fluctuations and detector effects were subtracted from the (co-) variance of the observed charge multiplicity asymmetries. In the mid-to most-central collisions, the same- (opposite-) sign pairs are preferentially emitted in back-to-back (aligned on the same-side) directions. The charge separation across the event plane, measured by the difference, Delta, between the like-and unlike-sign up/down-left/right correlations, is largest near the event plane. The difference is found to be proportional to the event-by-event final-state particle ellipticity (via the observed second order harmonic nu(obs)(2)), where Delta = [ 1.3 +/- 1.4( stat)(-1.0)(+4.0)(syst)] x 10(-5) + [3.2 +/- 0.2(stat)(- 0.3)(+0.4)(syst)] x 10(-3)v(2)(obs) for 20- 40% Au + Au collisions. The implications for the proposed chiral magnetic effect are discussed. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dion, A.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, J. Y.; Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Ke, H. W.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.] Cent China Normal Univ, HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Pandit, Y.; Pei, H.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Luszczak, A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Hajkova, O.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Barnovska, Z.; Bielcikova, J.; Chung, P.; Kapitan, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. 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RI Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Aparecido Negrao de Oliveira, Renato/G-9133-2015; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291 FU Office of NP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Eduacation and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC of China; CAS of China; MoST of China; MoE of China; CNRS/IN2P3; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherland; NWO of the Netherland; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia; GA of the Czech Republic; Offices of HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; RHIC Operations Group at BNL; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF; the Sloan Foundation; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; the Ministry of Eduacation and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; the National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024); the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR 23 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 044908 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.89.044908 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AG3MA UT WOS:000335321400003 ER PT J AU Aasi, J Abadie, J Abbott, BP Abbott, R Abbott, T Abernathy, MR Accadia, T Acernese, F Adams, C Adams, T Adhikari, RX Affeldt, C Agathos, M Aggarwal, N Aguiar, OD Ajith, P Allen, B Allocca, A Ceron, EA Amariutei, D Anderson, RA Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Arai, K Araya, MC Arceneaux, C Areeda, J Ast, S Aston, SM Astone, P Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Austin, L Aylott, BE Babak, S Baker, PT Ballardin, G Ballmer, SW Barayoga, JC Barker, D Barnum, SH Barone, F Barr, B Barsotti, L Barsuglia, M Barton, MA Bartos, I Bassiri, R Basti, A Batch, J Bauchrowitz, J Bauer, TS Bebronne, M Behnke, B Bejger, M Beker, MG Bell, AS Bell, C Belopolski, I Bergmann, G Berliner, JM Bersanetti, D Bertolini, A Bessis, D Betzwieser, J Beyersdorf, PT Bhadbhade, T Bilenko, IA Billingsley, G Birch, J Bitossi, M Bizouard, MA Black, E Blackburn, JK Blackburn, L Blair, D Blom, M 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Skelton, G. R. Slagmolen, B. J. J. Slutsky, J. Smith, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith-Lefebvre, N. D. Soden, K. Son, E. J. Sorazu, B. Souradeep, T. Sperandio, L. Staley, A. Steinert, E. Steinlechner, J. Steinlechner, S. Steplewski, S. Stevens, D. Stochino, A. Stone, R. Strain, K. A. Straniero, N. Strigin, S. Stroeer, A. S. Sturani, R. Stuver, A. L. Summerscales, T. Z. Susmithan, S. Sutton, P. J. Swinkels, B. Szeifert, G. Tacca, M. Talukder, D. Tang, L. Tanner, D. B. Tarabrin, S. P. Taylor, R. Ter Braack, A. P. M. Thirugnanasambandam, M. P. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thorne, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thrane, E. Tiwari, V. Tokmakov, K. V. Tomlinson, C. Toncelli, A. Tonelli, M. Torre, O. Torres, C. V. Torrie, C. I. Travasso, F. Traylor, G. Tse, M. Ugolini, D. Unnikrishnan, C. S. Vahlbruch, H. Vajente, G. Vallisneri, M. Van den Brand, J. F. J. Van den Broeck, C. Van der Putten, S. Van der Sluys, M. V. Van Heijningen, J. Van Veggel, A. A. Vass, S. Vasuth, M. Vaulin, R. Vecchio, A. Vedovato, G. Veitch, J. Veitch, P. J. Venkateswara, K. Verkindt, D. Verma, S. Vetrano, F. Vicere, A. Vincent-Finley, R. Vinet, J. -Y. Vitale, S. Vlcek, B. Vo, T. Vocca, H. Vorvick, C. Vousden, W. D. Vrinceanu, D. Vyachanin, S. P. Wade, A. Wade, L. Wade, M. Waldman, S. J. Walker, M. Wallace, L. Wan, Y. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, X. Wanner, A. Ward, R. L. Was, M. Weaver, B. Wei, L. -W. Weinert, M. Weinstein, A. J. Weiss, R. Welborn, T. Wen, L. Wessels, P. West, M. Westphal, T. Wette, K. Whelan, J. T. Whitcomb, S. E. White, D. J. Whiting, B. F. Wibowo, S. Wiesner, K. Wilkinson, C. Williams, L. Williams, R. Williams, T. Willis, J. L. Willke, B. Wimmer, M. Winkelmann, L. Winkler, W. Wipf, C. C. Wittel, H. Woan, G. Worden, J. Yablon, J. Yakushin, I. Yamamoto, H. Yancey, C. C. Yang, H. Yeaton-Massey, D. Yoshida, S. Yum, H. Yvert, M. Zadrozny, A. Zanolin, M. Zendri, J. -P. Zhang, F. Zhang, L. Zhao, C. Zhu, H. Zhu, X. J. Zotov, N. Zucker, M. E. Zweizig, J. Collaboration, Ligo Sci Collaboration, Virgo Buchner, S. Cognard, I. Corongiu, A. D'Amico, N. Espinoza, C. M. Freire, P. C. C. Gotthelf, E. V. Guillemot, L. Hessels, J. W. T. Hobbs, G. B. Kramer, M. Lyne, A. G. Marshall, F. E. Possenti, A. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Roy, J. Stappers, B. W. TI GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM KNOWN PULSARS: RESULTS FROM THE INITIAL DETECTOR ERA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational waves; pulsars: general ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; SPIN-DOWN LIMIT; NEUTRON-STARS; CRAB PULSAR; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; PSR J1734-3333; PROPER MOTION; WIND TORI; EMISSION; DISCOVERY AB We present the results of searches for gravitational waves from a large selection of pulsars using data from the most recent science runs (S6, VSR2 and VSR4) of the initial generation of interferometric gravitational wave detectors LIGO (Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory) and Virgo. We do not see evidence for gravitational wave emission from any of the targeted sources but produce upper limits on the emission amplitude. We highlight the results from seven young pulsars with large spin-down luminosities. We reach within a factor of five of the canonical spin-down limit for all seven of these, whilst for the Crab and Vela pulsars we further surpass their spin-down limits. We present new or updated limits for 172 other pulsars (including both young and millisecond pulsars). Now that the detectors are undergoing major upgrades, and, for completeness, we bring together all of the most up-to-date results from all pulsars searched for during the operations of the first-generation LIGO, Virgo and GEO600 detectors. This gives a total of 195 pulsars including the most recent results described in this paper. C1 [Aasi, J.; Abadie, J.; Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abernathy, M. R.; Adhikari, R. X.; Ajith, P.; Anderson, R. A.; Anderson, S. B.; Arai, K.; Araya, M. C.; Austin, L.; Barayoga, J. C.; Billingsley, G.; Black, E.; Blackburn, J. K.; Bork, R.; Brooks, A. F.; Cepeda, C.; Chakraborty, R.; Chalermsongsak, T.; Coyne, D. C.; Daudert, B.; Dergachev, V.; Driggers, J. C.; Etzel, T.; Fotopoulos, N.; Gushwa, K. E.; Gustafson, E. K.; Hall, E.; Harms, J.; Heefner, J.; Heptonstall, A. W.; Hodge, K. A.; Ivanov, A.; Jacobson, M.; James, E.; Kalmus, P.; Kells, W.; King, P. J.; Kondrashov, V.; Korth, W. Z.; Kozak, D.; Lazzarini, A.; Lewis, J. B.; Litvine, V.; Lloyd, D.; Mageswaran, M.; Mailand, K.; Maros, E.; Martynov, D.; Marx, J. N.; McIntyre, G.; Meshkov, S.; Nash, T.; Ogin, G. H.; Osthelder, C.; Pedraza, M.; Phelps, M.; Poux, C.; Price, L. R.; Privitera, S.; Quintero, E.; Raymond, V.; Reitze, D. H.; Robertson, N. A.; Rollins, J. G.; Sannibale, V.; Seifert, F.; Singer, A.; Singer, L.; Smith, M. R.; Smith-Lefebvre, N. D.; Taylor, R.; Thirugnanasambandam, M. P.; Thrane, E.; Torrie, C. I.; Vass, S.; Wallace, L.; Weinstein, A. J.; Whitcomb, S. 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RI Ward, Robert/I-8032-2014; Punturo, Michele/I-3995-2012; Cella, Giancarlo/A-9946-2012; Cesarini, Elisabetta/C-4507-2017; Chow, Jong/A-3183-2008; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Ciani, Giacomo/G-1036-2011; Di Virgilio, Angela Dora Vittoria/E-9078-2015; Strain, Kenneth/D-5236-2011; Miao, Haixing/O-1300-2013; Howell, Eric/H-5072-2014; Heidmann, Antoine/G-4295-2016; Marchesoni, Fabio/A-1920-2008; Zhu, Xingjiang/E-1501-2016; Frasconi, Franco/K-1068-2016; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; Pinto, Innocenzo/L-3520-2016; Harms, Jan/J-4359-2012; Ferrante, Isidoro/F-1017-2012; Travasso, Flavio/J-9595-2016; Bartos, Imre/A-2592-2017; Puppo, Paola/J-4250-2012; Tacca, Matteo/J-1599-2015; Graef, Christian/J-3167-2015; Ottaway, David/J-5908-2015; Garufi, Fabio/K-3263-2015; Deleglise, Samuel/B-1599-2015; Neri, Igor/F-1482-2010; Shaddock, Daniel/A-7534-2011; Vicere, Andrea/J-1742-2012; Rocchi, Alessio/O-9499-2015; Martelli, Filippo/P-4041-2015; Branchesi, Marica/P-2296-2015; Gehring, Tobias/A-8596-2016; Iyer, Bala R./E-2894-2012; Canuel, Benjamin/C-7459-2014; Prokhorov, Leonid/I-2953-2012; Lee, Chang-Hwan/B-3096-2015; Khalili, Farit/D-8113-2012; Gorodetsky, Michael/C-5938-2008; McClelland, David/E-6765-2010; M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014; Vecchio, Alberto/F-8310-2015; Mow-Lowry, Conor/F-8843-2015; Strigin, Sergey/I-8337-2012; Leonardi, Matteo/G-9694-2015; Sigg, Daniel/I-4308-2015; Danilishin, Stefan/K-7262-2012; Gammaitoni, Luca/B-5375-2009; Salemi, Francesco/F-6988-2014; Bell, Angus/E-7312-2011; Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Kumar, Prem/B-6691-2009; prodi, giovanni/B-4398-2010; Gemme, Gianluca/C-7233-2008; Costa, Cesar/G-7588-2012; Huerta, Eliu/J-5426-2014; Losurdo, Giovanni/K-1241-2014; Steinlechner, Sebastian/D-5781-2013; Hild, Stefan/A-3864-2010 OI Vitale, Salvatore/0000-0003-2700-0767; Kanner, Jonah/0000-0001-8115-0577; Freise, Andreas/0000-0001-6586-9901; Nitz, Alexander/0000-0002-1850-4587; Mandel, Ilya/0000-0002-6134-8946; Whiting, Bernard F/0000-0002-8501-8669; Murphy, David/0000-0002-8538-815X; Del Pozzo, Walter/0000-0003-3978-2030; O'Shaughnessy, Richard/0000-0001-5832-8517; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; Granata, Massimo/0000-0003-3275-1186; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Vetrano, Flavio/0000-0002-7523-4296; Naticchioni, Luca/0000-0003-2918-0730; calloni, enrico/0000-0003-4819-3297; Scott, Jamie/0000-0001-6701-6515; Sorazu, Borja/0000-0002-6178-3198; Bondu, Francois/0000-0001-6487-5197; Pitkin, Matthew/0000-0003-4548-526X; Veitch, John/0000-0002-6508-0713; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Davies, Gareth/0000-0002-4289-3439; Principe, Maria/0000-0002-6327-0628; Matichard, Fabrice/0000-0001-8982-8418; Husa, Sascha/0000-0002-0445-1971; Papa, M.Alessandra/0000-0002-1007-5298; Vocca, Helios/0000-0002-1200-3917; Pinto, Innocenzo M./0000-0002-2679-4457; Farr, Ben/0000-0002-2916-9200; Guidi, Gianluca/0000-0002-3061-9870; Pierro, Vincenzo/0000-0002-6020-5521; Coccia, Eugenio/0000-0002-6669-5787; Drago, Marco/0000-0002-3738-2431; Ward, Robert/0000-0001-5503-5241; Ricci, Fulvio/0000-0001-5475-4447; Whelan, John/0000-0001-5710-6576; Vedovato, Gabriele/0000-0001-7226-1320; Fairhurst, Stephen/0000-0001-8480-1961; Boschi, Valerio/0000-0001-8665-2293; Punturo, Michele/0000-0001-8722-4485; Cella, Giancarlo/0000-0002-0752-0338; Cesarini, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9127-3167; Chow, Jong/0000-0002-2414-5402; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Ciani, Giacomo/0000-0003-4258-9338; Di Virgilio, Angela Dora Vittoria/0000-0002-2237-7533; Aulbert, Carsten/0000-0002-1481-8319; Corongiu, Alessandro/0000-0002-5924-3141; Swinkels, Bas/0000-0002-3066-3601; Denker, Timo/0000-0003-1259-5315; Strain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2066-5355; Miao, Haixing/0000-0003-4101-9958; Howell, Eric/0000-0001-7891-2817; Heidmann, Antoine/0000-0002-0784-5175; Marchesoni, Fabio/0000-0001-9240-6793; Zhu, Xingjiang/0000-0001-7049-6468; Frasconi, Franco/0000-0003-4204-6587; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Ferrante, Isidoro/0000-0002-0083-7228; Travasso, Flavio/0000-0002-4653-6156; Puppo, Paola/0000-0003-4677-5015; Tacca, Matteo/0000-0003-1353-0441; Graef, Christian/0000-0002-4535-2603; Garufi, Fabio/0000-0003-1391-6168; Deleglise, Samuel/0000-0002-8680-5170; Neri, Igor/0000-0002-9047-9822; Shaddock, Daniel/0000-0002-6885-3494; Vicere, Andrea/0000-0003-0624-6231; Rocchi, Alessio/0000-0002-1382-9016; Martelli, Filippo/0000-0003-3761-8616; Gehring, Tobias/0000-0002-4311-2593; Iyer, Bala R./0000-0002-4141-5179; Lee, Chang-Hwan/0000-0003-3221-1171; Gorodetsky, Michael/0000-0002-5159-2742; McClelland, David/0000-0001-6210-5842; M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730; Vecchio, Alberto/0000-0002-6254-1617; Sigg, Daniel/0000-0003-4606-6526; Danilishin, Stefan/0000-0001-7758-7493; Gammaitoni, Luca/0000-0002-4972-7062; Bell, Angus/0000-0003-1523-0821; Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; prodi, giovanni/0000-0001-5256-915X; Gemme, Gianluca/0000-0002-1127-7406; Losurdo, Giovanni/0000-0003-0452-746X; Steinlechner, Sebastian/0000-0003-4710-8548; FU United States National Science Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Max-Planck-Society; State of Niedersachsen/Germany; Australian Research Council; International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad; Conselleria d'Economia Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes Balears; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; FOCUS Programme of Foundation for Polish Science; Royal Society; Scottish Funding Council; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; OTKA of Hungary; Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO); National Research Foundation of Korea; Industry Canada; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; National Science and Engineering Research Council Canada; Carnegie Trust; Leverhulme Trust; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Research Corporation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society, and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction and operation of the GEO600 detector, and the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the research by these agencies and by the Australian Research Council, the International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy, the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, the Conselleria d'Economia Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes Balears, the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the FOCUS Programme of Foundation for Polish Science, the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, OTKA of Hungary, the Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the National Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, the Carnegie Trust, the Leverhulme Trust, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Research Corporation, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. LIGO Document No. LIGO-P1200104. NR 90 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 71 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2014 VL 785 IS 2 AR 119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/119 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG9KA UT WOS:000335736800038 ER PT J AU Agakishiev, H Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Beavis, DR Behera, NK Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Borowski, W Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Ke, H Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kizka, V Knospe, AG Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Lukashov, EV Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nayak, TK Netrakanti, PK Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pei, H Peitzmann, T Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Steadman, SG Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Witzke, W Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Agakishiev, H. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Beavis, D. R. Behera, N. K. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Ke, H. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kizka, V. Knospe, A. G. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Lukashov, E. V. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nayak, T. K. Netrakanti, P. K. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pei, H. Peitzmann, T. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. 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Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Witzke, W. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Event-plane-dependent dihadron correlations with harmonic v(n) subtraction in Au plus Au collisions at v root sNN=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations (Lambda phi) are reported in midcentral (20-60%) Au + Au collisions at v root sNN = 200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane, phi(s) = | phi(1) -psi(EP)|. The elliptic (v(2)), triangular (v(3)), and quadratic (v(4)) flow harmonic backgrounds are subtracted using the zero yield at mini + Au collisions. It is found that a finite near-side (| Delta phi | < pi/2) long-range pseudorapidity correlation (ridge) is present in the in-plane direction (phi(s) similar to 0). The away-side (| Delta phi | > pi/2) correlation shows a modification from d+ Au data, varying with fs. The modification may be a consequence of path-length-dependent jet quenching and may lead to a better understanding of high-density QCD. C1 [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Alford, J.; Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beavis, D. R.; Brovko, S. G.; de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bichsel, H.; Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Betts, R. R.; Cai, X. Z.; Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chajecki, Z.; Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Cheng, J.; Hajkova, O.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Corliss, R.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Dedovich, T. G.; Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Schuster, T. 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[Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Tokarev, M.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Underwood, D. G.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Wang, G.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Westfall, G. D.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Xie, W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Yoo, I. -K.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Chen, L.; Feng, A.; Ke, H.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Agakishiev, H (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RI Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 FU Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation,; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, and RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, STFC, and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR 18 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 041901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.89.041901 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AG2GD UT WOS:000335233400001 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Allafort, A Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Bottacini, E Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dalton, M D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Di Venere, L Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Gomez-Vargas, GA Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hayashi, K Hewitt, JW Horan, D Hou, X Hughes, RE Inoue, Y Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Kamae, T Kawano, T Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Roth, M Schaal, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strong, AW Takahashi, H Takeuchi, Y Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Tronconi, V Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Yang, Z AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Bottacini, E. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dalton, M. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Gomez-Vargas, G. A. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hayashi, K. Hewitt, J. W. Horan, D. Hou, X. Hughes, R. E. Inoue, Y. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kamae, T. Kawano, T. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Roth, M. Schaal, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strong, A. W. Takahashi, H. Takeuchi, Y. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Tronconi, V. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yang, Z. CA LAT Collaboration TI Inferred Cosmic-Ray Spectrum from Fermi Large Area Telescope gamma-Ray Observations of Earth's Limb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-SPECTRUM; HELIUM SPECTRA; EMISSION; GALAXY; ATMOSPHERE; PROTON; ALBEDO; MODEL; EGRET AB Recent accurate measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) species by ATIC-2, CREAM, and PAMELA reveal an unexpected hardening in the proton and He spectra above a few hundred GeV, a gradual softening of the spectra just below a few hundred GeV, and a harder spectrum of He compared to that of protons. These newly discovered features may offer a clue to the origin of high-energy CRs. We use the Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the gamma-ray emission from Earth's limb for an indirect measurement of the local spectrum of CR protons in the energy range similar to 90 GeV-6 TeV (derived from a photon energy range 15 GeV-1 TeV). Our analysis shows that single power law and broken power law spectra fit the data equally well and yield a proton spectrum with index 2.68 +/- 0.04 and 2.61 +/- 0.08 above similar to 200 GeV, respectively. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Albert, A.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Okumura, A.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. 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J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Ist Nazl Astrofis Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dalton, M.; Hou, X.; Mehault, J.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartmento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dermer, C. D.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Kawano, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.; Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor, IFT UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Phys Theor, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Guiriec, S.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Guiriec, S.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Gustafsson, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Aeronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hayashi, K.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jackson, M. S.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Knoedlseder, J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Larsson, S.; McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Larsson, S.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Latronico, L.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Mitthumsiri, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mitthumsiri, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.; Nemmen, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.; Nemmen, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Murgia, S.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Nemmen, R.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Okumura, A.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Paneque, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Razzano, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Razzaque, S.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, New York, NY 11560 USA. [Roth, M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Schaal, M.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Siskind, E. J.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Strong, A. W.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Takeuchi, Y.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartmento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM funk@slac.stanford.edu; warit.mit@mahidol.ac.th; imos@stanford.edu RI Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Gomez-Vargas, German/C-7138-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016 OI Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; FU NASA [NNX11AQ06 G, NNX13AC47 G]; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) [FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1 F] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged. I. V. M. acknowledges support from NASA Grants No. NNX11AQ06 G and No. NNX13AC47 G. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow J. Conrad, funded by a grant from the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow S. Guiriec, USA. M. Razzano Funded by Contract No. FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1 F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR). NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 15 AR 151103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.151103 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AF3FQ UT WOS:000334597300003 PM 24785023 ER PT J AU Chen, BF Lee, CS Elsberry, RL AF Chen, Buo-Fu Lee, Cheng-Shang Elsberry, Russell L. TI On tropical cyclone size and intensity changes associated with two types of long-lasting rainbands in monsoonal environments SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone size changes; tropical cyclone intensity changes; tropical cyclone enhanced rainbands; outer mesoscale convective systems ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; ANNULAR HURRICANES; VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE; DYNAMICS; LAYER AB Tropical cyclones (TCs) in a monsoonal environment may have heavy rain events separate from the eyewall rainfall. Two types of long-lasting rainbands in western North Pacific TCs interacting with the East Asia summer monsoon during 1999-2009 are identified and the effects of these rainbands on TC size and intensity changes are examined. For all of the south-type Outer Mesoscale Convective Systems as defined in our previous study, the TC intensification rate is decreased but the rate of size change is not modified. Long-lasting south-type Enhanced Rainbands (ERBs) that develop between 100 and 300 km radii and move cyclonically are associated with significant TC size increases. Seventy percent of very large typhoons had an ERB during the period when they intensified from tropical storms to typhoons. Key Points TC size and intensity changes documented OMCS does not change size ERB changes size and intensity C1 [Chen, Buo-Fu; Lee, Cheng-Shang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Lee, Cheng-Shang] Natl Appl Res Labs, Taiwan Typhoon & Flood Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Elsberry@nps.edu OI Lee, Cheng-Shang/0000-0003-4553-4172 FU National Taiwan University; Taiwan Typhoon Flood Research Institute, of the National Applied Research Laboratories; National Taiwan University, of the National Applied Research Laboratories; National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) [NSC 102-2917-I-002-107, NSC 99-2625-M-002-013-MY3]; Marine Meteorology section, Office of Naval Research FX Buo-Fu Chen is supported by the National Taiwan University, and Professor Cheng-Shang Lee is supported by the National Taiwan University and the Taiwan Typhoon Flood Research Institute, of the National Applied Research Laboratories. This research is supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under grants of NSC 102-2917-I-002-107 and NSC 99-2625-M-002-013-MY3. Russell L. Elsberry is supported by the Marine Meteorology section, Office of Naval Research. Penny Jones provided excellent assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2575 EP 2581 DI 10.1002/2014GL059368 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000046 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Hellberg, CS Ates, S Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Hellberg, C. Stephen Ates, Serkan Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Multiple time scale blinking in InAs quantum dot single-photon sources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL 2-LEVEL SYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; RELAXATION; MOLECULES AB We use photon correlation measurements to study blinking in single, epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs quantum dots situated in circular Bragg grating and microdisk cavities. The normalized second-order correlation function g((2))(tau) is studied across 11 orders of magnitude in time, and shows signatures of blinking over time scales ranging from tens of nanoseconds to tens of milliseconds. The g((2))(t) data is fit to a multilevel system rate equation model that includes multiple nonradiating (dark) states, from which radiative quantum yields significantly less than 1 are obtained. This behavior is observed even in situations for which a direct histogramming analysis of the emission time-trace data produces inconclusive results. C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Ates, Serkan; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Ates, Serkan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hellberg, C. Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcelo.davanco@nist.gov; steve.hellberg@nrl.navy.mil; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX C.S.H. acknowledges the CNST Visiting Fellow program and support from the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. M.D. and S.A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award No. 70NANB10H193. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 16 AR 161303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.161303 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AH0GJ UT WOS:000335796900001 ER PT J AU Drake, SJ Wetz, DA Ostanek, JK Miller, SP Heinzel, JM Jain, A AF Drake, S. J. Wetz, D. A. Ostanek, J. K. Miller, S. P. Heinzel, J. M. Jain, A. TI Measurement of anisotropic thermophysical properties of cylindrical Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion batteries; Thermal conduction anisotropy; Thermal conductivity; Heat capacity ID HEAT-GENERATION; LITHIUM; BATTERY; POWER; MANAGEMENT; CAPACITY; DESIGN AB Cylindrical Li-ion cells have demonstrated among the highest power density of all Li-ion cell types and typically employ a spiral electrode assembly. This spiral assembly is expected to cause large anisotropy in thermal conductance between the radial and axial directions due to the large number of interfaces between electrode and electrolyte layers in the radial conduction path, which are absent in the axial direction. This paper describes a novel experimental technique to measure the anisotropic thermal conductivity and heat capacity of Li-ion cells using adiabatic unsteady heating. Analytical modeling of the method is presented and is shown to agree well with finite-element simulation models. Experimental measurements indicate that radial thermal conductivity is two orders of magnitude lower than axial thermal conductivity for cylindrical 26650 and 18650 LiFePO4 cells. Due to the strong influence of temperature on cell performance and behavior, accounting for this strong anisotropy is critical when modeling battery behavior and designing battery cooling systems. This work improves the understanding of thermal transport in Li-ion cells, and presents a simple method for measuring anisotropic thermal transport properties in cylindrical cells. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Drake, S. J.; Jain, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Wetz, D. A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Ostanek, J. K.; Miller, S. P.; Heinzel, J. M.] US Navy, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 500 W First St,Rm 211, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM jaina@uta.edu FU ONR [N00014-11-1-0659, N00014-12-1-0594] FX Helpful discussions with Prof. Fuqiang Liu are gratefully acknowledged. This work was partially supported under ONR grants N00014-11-1-0659 and N00014-12-1-0594. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 252 BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.107 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AY1RL UT WOS:000347369600041 ER PT J AU Reed, HM Earls, CJ Nichols, JM AF Reed, H. M. Earls, C. J. Nichols, J. M. TI Stochastic identification of imperfections in a submerged shell structure SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Shell structure; Fluid structure interaction; Bayesian estimation; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Damage identification; Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo ID RANDOM INITIAL IMPERFECTIONS; DAMAGE DETECTION; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; FLUID; PANELS; RAZOR AB Accurate predictions of the buckling load in imperfection sensitive shell structures requires precise knowledge of the location and magnitude of any geometric imperfections in the shell (e.g. dents). This work describes a non-contact approach to identifying such imperfections in a submerged shell structure. By monitoring the acoustic pressure field at discrete points proximal to a shell structure excited by a cyclic membrane (i.e. in-plane) loading, it is noticed that parameters, describing small scale denting, can be identified. In order to perform the identification, a fluid-structure model that predicts the spatio-temporal pressure field is required. This model is described in detail and includes the predicted effects of the imperfection on the observations. A Bayesian, Markov chain Monte Carlo approach is then used to generate the imperfection parameter estimates and quantify the uncertainty in those estimates. Additionally: for cases involving the occurrence of an unknown number of dents, reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) methods are employed in this work. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reed, H. M.; Earls, C. J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Nichols, J. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reed, HM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM hmr6@cornell.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0024, N00014-12-1-0379]; [N00014-12-WX2-1063] FX The Cornell researchers gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-12-1-0024 and N00014-12-1-0379. The work also received supported through contract N00014-12-WX2-1063. The helpful technical input from Dr. Paul Hess is also appreciated. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 272 BP 58 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2014.01.003 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA AF1NR UT WOS:000334481100004 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA Petillo, JJ Pan, ZG Luginsland, JW AF Jensen, Kevin L. Shiffler, Donald A. Petillo, John J. Pan, Zhigang Luginsland, John W. TI Emittance, surface structure, and electron emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-AVERAGE-POWER; FIELD-EMISSION; SPACE-CHARGE; CARBON NANOTUBES; CATHODES; LASERS; PHOTOINJECTORS; PHOTOEMISSION; UNIFORMITY; AMPLIFIERS AB The emittance of high brightness electron sources, particularly field emitters and photocathodes but also thermionic sources, is increased by surface roughness on the emitter. Such structure causes local field enhancement and complicates both the prediction of emittance and the underlying emission models on which such predictions depend. In the present work, a method to find the emission trajectories near regions of high field enhancement is given and applied to emittance predictions for field, photo, and thermal emission for an analytically tractable hemispherical model. The dependence of the emittance on current density, spatial variation, and acceleration close to the emission site is identified and the impact of space charge discussed. The methodology is extensible to field emission from close-spaced wirelike structures, in particular, and extensions to that configuration are discussed. The models have application to electron sources for high frequency vacuum electronics, high power microwave devices, and free-electron lasers. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, Donald A.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Leidos, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Pan, Zhigang] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Luginsland, John W.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 AR 043402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.043402 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CJ5VT UT WOS:000355561000001 ER PT J AU Abrahamsson, M Hedberg, JHJ Becker, HC Staniszewski, A Pearson, WH Heuer, WB Meyer, GJ AF Abrahamsson, Maria Hedberg, Joachim H. J. Becker, Hans-Christian Staniszewski, Aaron Pearson, Wayne H. Heuer, William B. Meyer, Gerald J. TI High Extinction Coefficient Ru-Sensitizers that Promote Hole Transfer on Nanocrystalline TiO2 SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE charge transfer; dye-sensitized solar cells; extinction coefficients; hole transfer; Ruthenium ID I-I BONDS; RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; METAL-COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATES; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; THIN-FILM; LIGANDS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY AB Two series of Ru-II polypyridyl compounds with formulas [(bpy)(2)RuL](PF6)(2) and [(deeb)(2)RuL](PF6)(2), where bpy is 2,2-bipyridine, deeb is 4,4-diethylester-2,2-bpy, and L is one of several substituted 9-(1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene)-4,5-diazafluorene ligands, were studied as potential photosensitizers for TiO2. These compounds possess notably high extinction coefficients (40000M(-1)cm(-1) @470 nm) which are shown by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations to result from overlapping metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-localized transitions. Low-temperature absorption and photoluminescence measurements were suggestive of a short-lived MLCT excited state. When adsorbed onto TiO2 thin films, both the free ligands (L) and their corresponding [(deeb)(2)RuL](2+) complexes exhibited rapid excited-state electron injection into TiO2; in the case of the complexes, this was followed by rapid (k>10(8) s(-1)) hole transfer from Ru-III to the 1,3-dithiole ring of the L ligand. Observation of diffusion-limited reductive quenching of the [Ru(bpz)(3)](2+)* (bpz is 2,2-bipyrazine) excited state by the L ligands in solution supported the occurrence of intramolecular hole transfer following electron injection by the TiO2-anchored complexes. C1 [Abrahamsson, Maria; Hedberg, Joachim H. J.] Chalmers, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Pearson, Wayne H.; Heuer, William B.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Staniszewski, Aaron; Meyer, Gerald J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Sci Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Becker, Hans-Christian] Uppsala Univ, Dept Photochem & Mol Sci, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Abrahamsson, M (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM abmaria@chalmers.se; heuer@usna.edu; meyer@jhu.edu OI Abrahamsson, Maria/0000-0002-6931-1128 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1213357]; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Area of Advance, Chalmers University of Technology; Swedish research council [623-2007-1038]; Naval Academy Research Council FX The National Science Foundation (CHE-1213357) is gratefully acknowledged for research support. M.A. and J.H.J.H. acknowledge support from the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Area of Advance, Chalmers University of Technology. M.A. also thanks the Swedish research council for a personal post-doctoral research grant 623-2007-1038. W.B.H. acknowledges support from the Naval Academy Research Council. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 EI 1439-7641 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD APR 14 PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1154 EP 1163 DI 10.1002/cphc.201301193 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AE6DL UT WOS:000334080700021 PM 24648282 ER PT J AU Cunha, JM Sullivan, R Can, M Yalcinkaya, H AF Cunha, Jesse M. Sullivan, Ryan Can, Melih Yalcinkaya, Huseyin TI Expedited citizenship for sale: estimating the effect of Executive Order 13269 on noncitizen military enlistments SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE citizenship; military; enlistment; executive order AB This article estimates the effect of offering an expedited citizenship application process to noncitizens for joining the US military. Executive Order (EO) 13269, enacted in July of 2002, allowed noncitizens to apply for US citizenship immediately upon joining the military, effectively reducing the waiting time that is required to apply for citizenship from 3 years to 1day. We identify the effect of the policy by using administrative personnel data on the universe of military enlistees between 1999 and 2010 along with a difference-in-differences (DD) strategy that uses accessions amongst citizens as the control group. Overall, we find no effect of the offer of expedited citizenship on total accessions amongst noncitizens. However, this overall null effect masks significant shifts of noncitizen enlistments out of combat intensive services and into safer' services. These results provide the first empirical evidence about this important, and relatively costless, recruiting policy. C1 [Cunha, Jesse M.; Sullivan, Ryan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Can, Melih] Turkish Gen Staff, Dept Personnel, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. [Yalcinkaya, Huseyin] Army Staff Coll, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Sullivan, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rssulliv@nps.edu OI Cunha, Jesse/0000-0002-7734-7710 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 EI 1466-4283 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD APR 13 PY 2014 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1291 EP 1300 DI 10.1080/00036846.2013.870658 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 304OJ UT WOS:000330755900010 ER PT J AU DeLaney, T Kassim, NE Rudnick, L Perley, RA AF DeLaney, Tracey Kassim, Namir E. Rudnick, Lawrence Perley, R. A. TI THE DENSITY AND MASS OF UNSHOCKED EJECTA IN CASSIOPEIA A THROUGH LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ABSORPTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual objects (Cassiopeia A); ISM: supernova remnants; radio continuum: ISM ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT CASSIOPEIA; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; A SUPERNOVA; LARGE ARRAY; 74 MHZ; VLA OBSERVATIONS; NOVA REMNANT; LINES; RESOLUTION; SPECTRUM AB Characterizing the ejecta in young supernova remnants is a requisite step toward a better understanding of stellar evolution. In Cassiopeia A the density and total mass remaining in the unshocked ejecta are important parameters for modeling its explosion and subsequent evolution. Low frequency (< 100 MHz) radio observations of sufficient angular resolution offer a unique probe of unshocked ejecta revealed via free-free absorption against the synchrotron emitting shell. We have used the Very Large Array plus Pie Town Link extension to probe this cool, ionized absorber at 9 '' and 18.'' 5 resolution at 74 MHz. Together with higher frequency data we estimate an electron density of 4.2 cm(-3) and a total mass of 0.39 M-circle dot with uncertainties of a factor of similar to 2. This is a significant improvement over the 100 cm(-3) upper limit offered by infrared [S III] line ratios from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our estimates are sensitive to a number of factors including temperature and geometry. However using reasonable values for each, our unshocked mass estimate agrees with predictions from dynamical models. We also consider the presence, or absence, of cold iron-and carbon-rich ejecta and how these affect our calculations. Finally we reconcile the intrinsic absorption from unshocked ejecta with the turnover in Cas A's integrated spectrum documented decades ago at much lower frequencies. These and other recent observations below 100 MHz confirm that spatially resolved thermal absorption, when extended to lower frequencies and higher resolution, will offer a powerful new tool for low frequency astrophysics. C1 [DeLaney, Tracey] West Virginia Wesleyan Coll, Phys & Engn Dept, Buckhannon, WV 26201 USA. [Kassim, Namir E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudnick, Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Perley, R. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP DeLaney, T (reprint author), West Virginia Wesleyan Coll, Phys & Engn Dept, Buckhannon, WV 26201 USA. EM delaney_t@wvwc.edu; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; larry@astro.umn.edu; rperley@nrao.edu OI DeLaney, Tracey/0000-0002-0338-296X FU Chandra Grant [GO0-11089X]; NASA-West Virginia Space Grant Consortium; Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory FX The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. All sub-GHz systems on the VLA have been developed cooperatively between the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and the Naval Research Laboratory. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. Partial funding for this research at West Virginia Wesleyan College was provided by Chandra Grant GO0-11089X and by the NASA-West Virginia Space Grant Consortium. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 785 IS 1 AR 7 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/7 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG8AE UT WOS:000335639300007 ER PT J AU Fischer, TC Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR Turner, TJ AF Fischer, T. C. Crenshaw, D. M. Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. Turner, T. J. TI DETERMINING INCLINATIONS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI VIA THEIR NARROW-LINE REGION KINEMATICS. II. CORRELATION WITH OBSERVED PROPERTIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies COLFAML; active; galaxies COLFAML; individual (Circinus, Mrk 34, Mrk 279, Mrk 1066, NGC 1667, NGC 3227, NGC 3783, NGC 4051, NGC 4507, NGC 5506, NGC 5643, NGC 7674); galaxies COLFAML; kinematics and dynamics; galaxies COLFAML; Seyfert ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; SEYFERT 2 GALAXY; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORBING COLUMN DENSITIES; X-RAY; CIRCINUS-GALAXY; EMISSION-LINES; XMM-NEWTON; INTRINSIC ABSORPTION AB Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are axisymmetric systems to first order; their observed properties are likely strong functions of inclination with respect to our line of sight, yet the specific inclinations of all but a few AGNs are generally unknown. By determining the inclinations and geometries of nearby Seyfert galaxies using the kinematics of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and comparing them with observed properties, we find strong correlations between inclination and total hydrogen column density, infrared color, and H beta FWHM. These correlations provide evidence that the orientation of AGNs with respect to our line of sight affects how we perceive them beyond the Seyfert 1/2 dichotomy. They can also be used to constrain three-dimensional models of AGN components such as the broad-line region and torus. Additionally, we find weak correlations between AGN luminosity and several modeled NLR parameters, which suggests that the NLR geometry and kinematics are dependent to some degree on the AGN's radiation field. C1 [Fischer, T. C.; Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Off, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Turner, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fischer, TC (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Off, 25 Pk Pl,Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM fischer@chara.gsu.edu FU Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA [NAS5-26555]; NASA/IPAC; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX T.C.F. thanks M.C. Bentz, H.R. Miller, R.J. White, and P.J. Wiita for useful discussions and A. Michel for aiding in H beta FWHM measurements. The authors also thank the anonymous referee for their practical suggestions which led to a much improved discussion. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This research has also made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 785 IS 1 AR 25 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/25 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG8AE UT WOS:000335639300025 ER PT J AU Obenberger, KS Hartman, JM Taylor, GB Craig, J Dowell, J Helmboldt, JF Henning, PA Schinzel, FK Wilson, TL AF Obenberger, K. S. Hartman, J. M. Taylor, G. B. Craig, J. Dowell, J. Helmboldt, J. F. Henning, P. A. Schinzel, F. K. Wilson, T. L. TI LIMITS ON GAMMA-RAY BURST PROMPT RADIO EMISSION USING THE LWA1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst COLFAML; general ID BLACK-HOLE; SEARCH; PULSES; SKY; AFTERGLOWS; TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM; DENSITY; MISSION; SCALE AB As a backend to the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1), the Prototype All Sky Imager has been imaging the sky >-26 degrees declination during 34 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) between 2012 January and 2013 May. Using this data, we were able to put the most stringent limits to date on prompt low-frequency emission from GRBs. While our limits depend on the zenith angle of the observed GRB, we estimate a 1 sigma rms sensitivity of 68, 65, and 70 Jy for 5 s integrations at 37.9, 52.0, and 74.0 MHz at zenith. These limits are relevant for pulses >= 5 s and are limited by dispersion smearing. For 5 s pulses, we are limited to dispersion measures (DMs) <= 220, 570, and 1600 pc cm(-3) for the frequencies above. For pulses lasting longer than 5 s, the DM limits increase linearly with the duration of the pulse. We also report two interesting transients, which are, as of yet, of unknown origin and are not coincident with any known GRBs. For general transients, we give rate density limits of <= 7.5 Chi 10(-3), 2.9 Chi 10(-2), and 1.4 Chi 10(-2) yr(-1) deg(-2) with pulse energy densities > 1.3 Chi 10(-22), 1.1 Chi 10(-22), and 1.4 Chi 10(-22) J m(-2) Hz(-1) and pulse widths of 5 s at the frequencies given above. C1 [Obenberger, K. S.; Taylor, G. B.; Craig, J.; Dowell, J.; Henning, P. A.; Schinzel, F. K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hartman, J. M.] NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.; Wilson, T. L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Obenberger, KS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C-0147]; National Science Foundation [AST-1139963, AST-1139974] FX Construction of the LWA1 has been supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-07-C-0147. Support for operations and continuing development of the LWA1 is provided by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1139963 and AST-1139974 of the University Radio Observatory program. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 785 IS 1 AR 27 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/27 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG8AE UT WOS:000335639300027 ER PT J AU Archambault, S Aune, T Behera, B Beilicke, M Benbow, W Berger, K Bird, R Biteau, J Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cardenzana, JV Cerruti, M Chen, X Ciupik, L Connolly, MP Cui, W Dumm, J Errando, M Falcone, A Federici, S Feng, Q Finley, JP Fleischhack, H Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gillanders, GH Griffin, S Griffiths, ST Grube, J Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hughes, G Humensky, TB Johnson, CA Kaaret, P Kertzman, M Khassen, Y Kieda, D Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Kumar, S Lang, MJ Madhavan, AS Maier, G McCann, A Meagher, K Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nieto, D de Bhroithe, AO Ong, RA Otte, AN Park, N Pohl, M Popkow, A Prokoph, H Quinn, J Ragan, K Rajotte, J Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Richards, GT Roache, E Sembroski, GH Shahinyan, K Staszak, D Telezhinsky, I Tucci, JV Tyler, J Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wakely, SP Weinstein, A Welsing, R Wilhelm, A Williams, DA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Baldini, L Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bregeon, J Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Charles, E Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Franckowiak, A Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Jogler, T Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Murgia, S Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Piron, F Pivato, G Raino, S Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Schaal, M Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spinelli, P Takahashi, H Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Troja, E Vianello, G Werner, M Wood, M AF Archambault, S. Aune, T. Behera, B. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Berger, K. Bird, R. Biteau, J. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cardenzana, J. V. Cerruti, M. Chen, X. Ciupik, L. Connolly, M. P. Cui, W. Dumm, J. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Feng, Q. Finley, J. P. Fleischhack, H. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gillanders, G. H. Griffin, S. Griffiths, S. T. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Humensky, T. B. Johnson, C. A. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Kumar, S. Lang, M. J. Madhavan, A. S. Maier, G. McCann, A. Meagher, K. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nieto, D. de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Park, N. Pohl, M. Popkow, A. Prokoph, H. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Rajotte, J. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Richards, G. T. Roache, E. Sembroski, G. H. Shahinyan, K. Staszak, D. Telezhinsky, I. Tucci, J. V. Tyler, J. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wakely, S. P. Weinstein, A. Welsing, R. Wilhelm, A. Williams, D. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Baldini, L. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bregeon, J. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Charles, E. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Franckowiak, A. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Jogler, T. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Murgia, S. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Raino, S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Schaal, M. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spinelli, P. Takahashi, H. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Werner, M. Wood, M. CA VERITAS Collaboration Fermi LAT Collaboration TI DEEP BROADBAND OBSERVATIONS OF THE DISTANT GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR PKS 1424+240 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (PKS 1424+240)-cosmic background radiation; gamma rays: galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; SPACE-TELESCOPE MISSION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ENERGY COSMIC-RAY; TEV BLAZARS; SPECTRA; REDSHIFT; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; UNIVERSE AB We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope, and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of z >= 0.6035, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hr of VERITAS observations over three years, a multiwavelength light curve, and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02 +/- 0.08) x 10-7 photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; E >= 100 GeV) spectral indices are Gamma = 3.8 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.2 in 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than tau = 2, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on timescales longer than a year if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics. C1 [Archambault, S.; Griffin, S.; Hanna, D.; Ragan, K.; Rajotte, J.; Staszak, D.; Tyler, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Aune, T.; Ong, R. A.; Popkow, A.; Vassiliev, V. V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Behera, B.; Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Fleischhack, H.; Hughes, G.; Maier, G.; Pohl, M.; Prokoph, H.; Telezhinsky, I.; Vincent, S.; Welsing, R.; Wilhelm, A.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Beilicke, M.; Bugaev, V.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Benbow, W.; Cerruti, M.; Galante, N.; Roache, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Berger, K.; Holder, J.; Kumar, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Berger, K.; Holder, J.; Kumar, S.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bird, R.; Khassen, Y.; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain; Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Biteau, J.; Johnson, C. A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Biteau, J.; Johnson, C. A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Byrum, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cardenzana, J. V.; Krennrich, F.; Madhavan, A. S.; Weinstein, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Pohl, M.; Telezhinsky, I.; Wilhelm, A.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Ciupik, L.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Connolly, M. P.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Cui, W.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Sembroski, G. H.; Tucci, J. V.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dumm, J.; Fortson, L.; Shahinyan, K.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Errando, M.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 525, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Griffiths, S. T.; Kaaret, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Nieto, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kieda, D.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [McCann, A.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Meagher, K.; Otte, A. N.; Richards, G. T.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Park, N.; Wakely, S. P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA. [Furniss, A.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Albert, A.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Jogler, T.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Jogler, T.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Pivato, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bregeon, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Palma, F.; Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [de Palma, F.; Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, CEA Saclay,Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Guiriec, S.; Perkins, J. S.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Longo, F.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Morselli, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Murgia, S.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Razzano, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Razzano, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Schaal, M.; Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Archambault, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM amy.furniss@gmail.com RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Khassen, Yerbol/I-3806-2015; Nieto, Daniel/J-7250-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Khassen, Yerbol/0000-0002-7296-3100; Nieto, Daniel/0000-0003-3343-0755; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Bird, Ralph/0000-0002-4596-8563; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the UK; NASA through the Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-12863]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; INAF in Italy; CNES in France FX This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution; by NSERC in Canada; by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI 10/RFP/AST2748); and by STFC in the UK. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument.; Support for program HST-GO-12863 was provided by NASA, awarded through the Space Telescope Science Institute, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555.; The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI and INFN in Italy; MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 785 IS 1 AR L16 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/785/1/L16 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AE9RA UT WOS:000334345000016 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Abell, J Merritt, CD Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, Chadwick L. Abell, Joshua Merritt, Charles D. Bewley, William W. Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. TI Pulsed and CW performance of 7-stage interband cascade lasers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER AB We report a narrow-ridge interband cascade laser emitting at lambda approximate to 3.5 mu m that produces up to 592 mW of cw power with a wallplug efficiency of 10.1% and beam quality factor of M-2 = 3.7 at T = 25 degrees C. A pulsed cavity length study of broad-area lasers from the same wafer confirms that the 7-stage structure with thicker separate confinement layers has a reduced internal loss of approximate to 3 cm(-1). More generally, devices from a large number of wafers with similar 7-stage designs and wavelengths spanning 2.95-4.7 mu m exhibit consistently higher pulsed external differential quantum efficiencies than earlier state-of-the-art ICLs. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Canedy, Chadwick L.; Abell, Joshua; Merritt, Charles D.; Bewley, William W.; Kim, Chul Soo; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Mijin] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM MWIR_lasers@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 7 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 7 BP 7702 EP 7710 DI 10.1364/OE.22.007702 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AH1RN UT WOS:000335898700035 PM 24718146 ER PT J AU Sivaprakasam, V Tucker, JE Eversole, JD AF Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi Tucker, J. E. Eversole, Jay D. TI Generation and optical characterization of aerosol particles with controlled mixed composition SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; SIZER; EXPLOSIVES; BEHAVIOR AB A method for controlled generation of composite aerosol particles is achieved by coating a core particle material, such as glass or polymer beads, with a second (analyte) material on the core surface. The mass fraction of the analyte can be varied over a wide range to generate resultant composite aerosol particles, which for the low end of analyte mass fractions has little influence on the particle size, but can be varied up to mass fractions nearly equivalent to the core material, as demonstrated in this paper. Analysis of this method was carried out using fluorescent analyte and core particle materials in separable spectral bands to measure both particle size distributions and fluorescent emission distributions on individual particle basis. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi; Tucker, J. E.; Eversole, Jay D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sivaprakasam, V (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Vasanthi.sivaprakasam@nrl.navy.mil FU DARPA through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX The authors would like to thank DARPA for funding support of this effort through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). They would also like to thank Vaibhav Jain (formerly with Naval Research Laboratory) for taking SEM photographs of the composite particles. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 7 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 7 BP 8243 EP 8258 DI 10.1364/OE.22.008243 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA AH1RN UT WOS:000335898700089 PM 24718200 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Theoretical study of defect formation during the initial stages of native-oxide growth on GaSb (001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIMONIDE; GAAS; INP AB The formation of defects during the initial stages of native-oxide growth on the GaSb (001)-alpha(4 x 3) surface has been studied computationally using spin-unrestricted density functional theory. It is found that insertion into a Ga-Sb adatom dimer to form a peroxo Ga-O-O-Sb bridge is the most energetically favorable process with insertion into Ga-Sb back-bonds being somewhat less so. A Ga-O-O-Ga bridge between dimers is also favorable, but Sb-O-O-Sb bridges show little if any stability. In the course of analyzing molecular adsorption, a particularly reactive site has been identified that leads to O-2 dissociation with little or no barrier. This process is initiated in the vicinity of an Sb-Sb dimer in the terminating layer and leads to sub-surface Ga and Sb defect sites (i.e., coordinatively unsaturated atoms) and to strained Ga-Sb bonds that may be susceptible to further O-2 attack. However, the defects formed in these reactions do not produce states in the gap. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Computer facilities were provided by the Naval Research Laboratory and by the DOD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program. Pratibha Dev and Alejandro Suarez are thanked for helpful discussions. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 14 AR 141605 DI 10.1063/1.4871242 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AF6UD UT WOS:000334849200013 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Finkel, P Li, JF Viehland, D AF Wang, Yaojin Finkel, P. Li, Jiefang Viehland, D. TI Piezoelectric single crystal and magnetostrictive Metglas composites: Linear and nonlinear magnetoelectric coupling SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSOR AB Both the linear (alpha(V)) and nonlinear (alpha(V,n)) magnetoelectric coefficients were systemically studied in laminated composites of Metglas and [001]-orientated piezoelectric single crystals of Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and Mn-doped PMN-PT. The coefficients were close in value in both cases at quasistatic mode (i.e., 3.8 V/Oe relative to 3.5 V/Oe) and were enhanced by factors of x18 (Metglas/PMN-PT) and x32 (Metglas/Mn-doped PMN-PT) at the electromechanical resonance (EMR). The use of Mn-doped PMN-PT crystals results in a higher gain factor due to a larger mechanical quality factor (i.e., 20.9 relative to 40.6). Accordingly, both types of laminates had similar values of alpha(V,n) when modulated at 1 kHz, but Mn-doped PMN-PT ones had a higher value when modulated at the EMR. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wang, Yaojin; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Finkel, P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yaojin@vt.edu RI Wang, Yaojin/F-3748-2012 OI Wang, Yaojin/0000-0003-2561-1855 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Y. J. Wang thanks Y. Shen, J. Q. Gao, and M. H. Li for discussion. Authors would like to acknowledge Professor Haosu Luo in Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science for providing high-performance piezoelectric single crystals. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 14 AR 142909 DI 10.1063/1.4871101 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AF6UD UT WOS:000334849200052 ER PT J AU Chen, XY Schwank, JW Fisher, GB Cheng, YS Jagner, M McCabe, RW Katz, MB Graham, GW Pan, XQ AF Chen, Xiaoyin Schwank, Johannes W. Fisher, Galen B. Cheng, Yisun Jagner, Mark McCabe, Robert W. Katz, Michael B. Graham, George W. Pan, Xiaoqing TI Nature of the two-step temperature-programmed decomposition of PdO supported on alumina SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Palladium oxide (PdO); Decomposition; Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) ID METHANE OXIDATION; SOLID PALLADIUM; METAL-OXIDES; OXYGEN; COMBUSTION; CATALYSTS; SURFACE; DIFFUSIVITY; REACTIVITY; SOLUBILITY AB Temperature-programmed decomposition of PdO supported on high-surface-area alumina occurs in a two-step process starting near the temperature of bulk PdO decomposition, but slowing to near-zero rates as the bulk oxide decomposition temperature is traversed. Most of the oxide decomposes in a second step 40-60 degrees C above the bulk PdO decomposition temperature. We present evidence suggesting that a thin Pd shell forms initially on the surface of PdO particles and propose that the resulting core-shell structure is connected with the observed meta-stability. Both the experimental results and order-of-magnitude estimates indicate that neither small particle effects (metal-support interaction or surface energy) nor low oxygen permeability through the Pd shell explain the two-step process. We tentatively ascribe the higher-temperature PdO decomposition step to the contribution of strain energy to the Pd shell imparted by epitaxy with the underlying PdO lattice. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Xiaoyin; Schwank, Johannes W.; Fisher, Galen B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cheng, Yisun; Jagner, Mark; McCabe, Robert W.] Ford Motor Co, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. [Katz, Michael B.; Graham, George W.; Pan, Xiaoqing] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Katz, Michael B.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCabe, RW (reprint author), Ford Motor Co, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. EM rmccabe@ford.com FU Ford University Research Project; NSF under GOALI projects [CBET-1159279, CBET-1159240]; NSF [DMR-0723032] FX The study was supported under Ford University Research Project funding to both the Chemical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Departments at the University of Michigan. Partial support was also obtained from NSF under GOALI projects CBET-1159279 (University of Michigan Chemical Engineering) and CBET-1159240 (University of Michigan Materials Science), both with Ford as industry partner. Additional support, for the microscope located at the University of Michigan Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory (EMAL), was obtained from NSF under grant DMR-0723032. Andy Drews configured the X-ray optics, heating stage, and environmental chamber for the in-situ XRD studies. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X EI 1873-3875 J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD APR 5 PY 2014 VL 475 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2014.01.056 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG7PP UT WOS:000335610400050 ER PT J AU Gould, RW McCarthy, SC Coelho, E Shulman, I Richman, JG AF Gould, Richard W., Jr. McCarthy, Sean C. Coelho, Emanuel Shulman, Igor Richman, James G. TI Combining satellite ocean color and hydrodynamic model uncertainties in bio-optical forecasts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; ocean color; bio-optics; error analysis; uncertainties; ensembles; environmental forecasting ID VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; ENSEMBLE; SEAWIFS; SYSTEM AB We describe an approach to produce short-term (1- to 3-day) forecasts of bio-optical properties by coupling moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellite (MODIS) ocean color imagery with a hydrodynamic model. The bio-optical property (chlorophyll in this case) is treated as a conservative tracer; the satellite distribution is advected forward in time using the current field from the hydrodynamic model. Uncertainties in both the satellite chlorophyll values and the currents from the circulation model impact the final forecast; we apply ensemble techniques to quantify the errors separately and in combination. For the ocean color imagery, we further apply ensemble techniques to partition the chlorophyll uncertainties into components due to atmospheric correction and bio-optical inversion, by applying noise to the near-infrared and visible band sets separately. The standard deviation for each ensemble suite provides an indication of uncertainty, or confidence in the satellite chlorophyll values and the hydrodynamic model current fields. By combining the two ensemble sets, we produce a final chlorophyll forecast field and associated uncertainty map that include both sets of uncertainties. We examine mean and individual forecast ensemble members (spread-skill statistics, RMS differences) to assess predictive value. This work represents a significant advancement in representing errors associated with satellite ocean color imagery and bio-optical forecasts. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Gould, Richard W., Jr.; McCarthy, Sean C.; Shulman, Igor] US Navy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Coelho, Emanuel] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Richman, James G.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gould, RW (reprint author), US Navy, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Richard.Gould@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX Funding for this work was provided by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) project, developing ensemble methods to estimate uncertainties in remotely sensed optical properties (DEMEN). We acknowledge the helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 083652 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083652 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AG8BA UT WOS:000335642100002 ER PT J AU Stone, BB Montgomery, DC Hassler, E Silvestrini, RT AF Stone, Brian B. Montgomery, Douglas C. Hassler, Edgar Silvestrini, Rachel T. TI An Expected Cost Methodology for Screening Design Selection SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; decision trees; response surface methods; Monte Carlo simulation; orthogonal arrays ID FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGNS AB When investigating many continuous factors under experi-mental cost constraints, an experimenter often selects a screening design from among a variety of published options. This article introduces a novel design selection methodology based on decision trees that identifies which screening design option minimizes the total expected cost of a multistage experiment under model uncertainty. The methodology is illustrated by an example in which a set of traditional and recently published experimental designs are considered for the screening of six potential factors. C1 [Stone, Brian B.; Montgomery, Douglas C.; Hassler, Edgar] Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. [Silvestrini, Rachel T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, BB (reprint author), AFIT ENS, Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.stone@afit.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 EI 1532-4222 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1080/08982112.2013.852680 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA AE5RG UT WOS:000334045900001 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Chaloux, BL Roland, CM Ricks-Laskoski, HL AF Casalini, R. Chaloux, B. L. Roland, C. M. Ricks-Laskoski, H. L. TI Ion and Chain Mobility in a Tetrazole Proton-Conducting Polymer SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS FORMERS; POLYSTYRENE; RELAXATION; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR AB The morphology, relaxation properties, and conductivity of the statistical copolymer polystyrenic (alkoxy 1H-tetrazole-co-alkoxy nitrile), an anhydrous proton conductor, were measured. The material phase-separates into hard and soft domains, the latter corresponding to a phase richer in the pendant tetrazole groups. Using dielectric and mechanical spectroscopies, two relaxation processes were observed, the slower associated with local segmental dynamics of the backbone and the higher-frequency process involving motion of the tetrazole moieties. The latter is coupled to the ionic conductivity, which means that below the principal glass transition of the material (similar to 313 K) the conductive mechanism remains active. Thus, the usual compromise in proton exchange membranes between mechanical stability and ion conductivity can be avoided. C1 [Casalini, R.; Chaloux, B. L.; Roland, C. M.; Ricks-Laskoski, H. L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. B.L.C. acknowledges the NRL Pathways Program. B.L.C. thanks the Pennsylvania State University and thesis advisor, Dr. Michael Hickner, for providing guidance and the opportunity to perform research at NRL. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 13 BP 6661 EP 6667 DI 10.1021/jp500183y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AE8NM UT WOS:000334258600014 ER PT J AU Qiao, JC Casalini, R Pelletier, JM Kato, H AF Qiao, Jichao Casalini, Riccardo Pelletier, Jean-Marc Kato, Hidemi TI Characteristics of the Structural and Johari-Goldstein Relaxations in Pd-Based Metallic Glass-Forming Liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LA55AL25NI20 AMORPHOUS ALLOY; FREE-VOLUME MODEL; SECONDARY RELAXATION; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); MECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; BETA-RELAXATION; ATOMIC MOBILITY; TRANSITION AB The dynamics of Pd-based metallic glass-forming liquids (Pd40Ni10Cu30P20, Pd42.5Ni7.5Cu30P20, Pd40Ni40P20, and Pd30Ni50P20) was studied by mechanical spectroscopy and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). We found that the change in composition has a significant effect on the alpha relaxation dynamics; the largest difference corresponds to an increase of the glass transition temperature T-g of similar to 15 K, for materials in which 30% Ni was substituted by 30% Cu (i.e., from Pd40Ni40P20 to Pd40Ni10Cu30P20)). We also found that all Pd-based metallic glasses have very similar fragilities, 59 < m < 67, and Kohlrausch stretched exponents, 0.59 < beta(KWW) < 0.60. It is interesting that the values of m and beta(KWW) correlate well with the general relation proposed by Bohmer et al. for nonmetallic glass formers (Bohmer, R.; et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99, 4201-4209), which for the observed beta(KWW) values predicts 58 < m < 61. From a linear deconvolution of the alpha and beta relaxations, we find that the substitution of the Ni with Cu induced a large change in the time constant of the Johari-Goldstein relaxation, tau(beta). The activation energy, U-beta, of the beta relaxation was largely independent of chemical composition. In all cases, 25 < U-beta/RT < 28, a range in agreement with results for other glass formers (Kudlik, A.; et al. Europhys. Lett. 1997, 40, 649-654 and Ngai, K. L.; et al. Phys. Rev, E 2004, 69, 031501). From the heat capacity and mechanical loss, estimates were obtained for the number of dynamically correlated units, N-c; we find significantly larger values for these metallic glass-forming liquids than N-c for other glass-forming materials. C1 [Qiao, Jichao; Pelletier, Jean-Marc] Univ Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. [Casalini, Riccardo] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kato, Hidemi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Pelletier, JM (reprint author), Univ Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, INSA Lyon, Bat B Pascal, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. EM jean-marc.pelletier@insa-lyon.fr RI Kato, Hidemi/B-2492-2015 FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Office of Naval Research FX One of the authors, J.Q, would like to thank the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) for providing the postdoctoral financial support. In addition, IQ appreciates Dr. N. Nishiyama and Dr. T. Wada for preparing the Pd-based metallic glass formers at Tohoku University, Japan. RC. acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research for the work at NRL. NR 92 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 13 BP 3720 EP 3730 DI 10.1021/jp4121782 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AE4JH UT WOS:000333948200027 PM 24611812 ER PT J AU Solenov, D Economou, SE Reinecke, TL AF Solenov, Dmitry Economou, Sophia E. Reinecke, Thomas L. TI Excitation spectrum as a resource for efficient two-qubit entangling gates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CONTROL; SILICON-CARBIDE; QUANTUM DOTS; SPIN QUBIT; ENTANGLEMENT; STATE; DECOHERENCE; DIVACANCY; DIAMOND; SYSTEM AB Physical systems representing qubits typically have one or more accessible quantum states in addition to the two states that encode the qubit. We demonstrate that active involvement of such auxiliary states can be beneficial in constructing entangling two-qubit operations. We investigate the general case of two multistate quantum systems coupled via a quantum resonator. The approach is illustrated with the examples of three systems: self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots, NV centers in diamond, and superconducting transmon qubits. Fidelities of the gate operations are calculated based on numerical simulations of each system. C1 [Solenov, Dmitry] Natl Acad, CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Economou, Sophia E.; Reinecke, Thomas L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Solenov, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM d.solenov@gmail.com FU ONR; NRC/NRL; LPS/NSA FX This work was supported in part by the ONR, NRC/NRL, and LPS/NSA. Computer resources were provided by the DOD HPCMP. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 15 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155404 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AE6NP UT WOS:000334111000003 ER PT J AU Economou, SE Barnes, E AF Economou, Sophia E. Barnes, Edwin TI Theory of dynamic nuclear polarization and feedback in quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN; LOCKING AB An electron confined in a quantum dot interacts with its local nuclear spin environment through the hyperfine contact interaction. This interaction combined with external control and relaxation or measurement of the electron spin allows for the generation of dynamic nuclear polarization. The quantum nature of the nuclear bath, along with the interplay of coherent external fields and incoherent dynamics in these systems renders a wealth of intriguing phenomena seen in recent experiments such as electron Zeeman frequency focusing, hysteresis, and line dragging. We develop in detail a fully quantum, self-consistent theory that can be applied to such experiments and that moreover has predictive power. Our theory uses the operator sum representation formalism in order to incorporate the incoherent dynamics caused by the additional, Markovian bath, which in self-assembled dots is the vacuum field responsible for electron-hole optical recombination. The beauty of this formalism is that it reduces the complexity of the problem by encoding the joint dynamics of the external coherent and incoherent driving in an effective dynamical map that only acts on the electron spin subspace. This, together with the separation of time scales in the problem, allows for a tractable and analytically solvable formalism. The key role of entanglement between the electron spin and the nuclear spins in the formation of dynamic nuclear polarization naturally follows from our solution. We demonstrate the theory in detail for an optical pulsed experiment and present an in-depth discussion and physical explanation of our results. C1 [Economou, Sophia E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barnes, Edwin] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barnes, Edwin] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Economou, SE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Barnes, Edwin/A-1583-2013 FU LPS-CMTC; ONR FX We thank S. Carter and E. N. Economou for their careful reading of the manuscript and useful comments. This work was supported by LPS-CMTC (E.B.) and in part by ONR (S.E.E.). NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 2 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 16 AR 165301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.165301 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AE0OT UT WOS:000333666300005 ER PT J AU Davis, A Richter, A Becker, S Moyer, J Sandouk, A Skinner, J Taubenberger, J AF Davis, Anne Richter, Anke Becker, Steven Moyer, Jenna Sandouk, Aline Skinner, Jeff Taubenberger, Jeffery TI Characterizing and diminishing autofluorescence in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human respiratory tissue SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richter, Anke] Grad Sch Int Studies, Def Resources Management Inst, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Skinner, Jeff] NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Davis, Anne; Moyer, Jenna; Sandouk, Aline; Taubenberger, Jeffery] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Becker, Steven] NIH, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Davis, Anne] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 SU S MA LB482 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA AX0OG UT WOS:000346651004422 ER PT J AU Bordonaro, S Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Bordonaro, Steven Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov TI Decorrelated Unbiased Converted Measurement Kalman Filter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TARGET TRACKING AB Converted measurement tracking is a technique that filters in the coordinate system where the underlying process of interest is linear and Gaussian and requires the measurements to be nonlinearly transformed to fit. The goal of the transformation is to allow for tracking in the coordinate system that is most natural for describing system dynamics. There are two potential issues that arise when performing converted measurement tracking. The first is conversion bias that occurs when the measurement transformation introduces a bias in the expected value of the converted measurement. The second is estimation bias that occurs because the estimate of the converted measurement error covariance is correlated with the measurement noise, leading to a biased Kalman gain. First, previously proposed unbiased conversions are examined. Following this, the decorrelated unbiased converted measurement approach is presented. Results show that to overcome conversion bias and estimation bias, an unbiased measurement conversion should be employed that calculates the converted measurement error covariance using the predicted measurement. The conversion approaches are evaluated in tracking scenarios relevant to radar and sonar measurements. C1 [Bordonaro, Steven] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Willett, Peter; Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Bordonaro, S (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.bordonaro@navy.mil FU [ARO-W911NF-10-1-0369]; [ONR-N00014-09-1-0613]; [ONR-N00014-10-1-0029]; [ONR-N00014-10-1-0412] FX Supported in part by grants ARO-W911NF-10-1-0369, ONR-N00014-09-1-0613, ONR-N00014-10-1-0029, and ONR-N00014-10-1-0412. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 2 BP 1431 EP 1444 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.120563 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AS6HI UT WOS:000344364500046 ER PT J AU Cybyk, BZ McGrath, BE Frey, TM Drewry, DG Keane, JF Patnaik, G AF Cybyk, B. Z. McGrath, B. E. Frey, T. M. Drewry, D. G. Keane, J. F. Patnaik, G. TI Unsteady Airflows and Their Impact on Small Unmanned Air Systems in Urban Environments SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Existing unmanned air system platforms currently do not lend themselves well to autonomous operation within complex, highly variable aerodynamic environments. As such, there is a need for accurate high-fidelity urban airflow models to help reduce the risk of failure of urban unmanned air system surveillance and engagement missions. Although urban aerodynamics are exceptionally complicated because of complex interactions between geometry, physical conditions, and varying meteorology, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics models exist that capture these interactions effectively. Using sufficient resolution, these large-eddy simulation models provide a viable means to characterize urban airflow environments when wind-tunnel testing and field trials are too expensive or impossible. This paper presents a simulation tool that captures unsteady aerodynamics of aircraft flight in an urban environment for the study of vehicle-environment interactions. By combining a high-resolution model of the terrain/buildings with a precomputed large-eddy simulation wind field throughout the urban environment and the closed-loop dynamics of a vehicle flying a desired trajectory, the simulation computes in real time the response of the vehicle linear and angular velocity to the unsteady wind field. The paper describes the mathematical development and implementation of several new environment-vehicle interaction models that could, through the unmanned air system simulation tool, revolutionize the understanding of these interactions in urban environments. C1 [Cybyk, B. Z.; McGrath, B. E.; Frey, T. M.; Drewry, D. G.; Keane, J. F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Patnaik, G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cybyk, BZ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. FU Independent Research and Development program of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Joint Science and Technology Office; U.S. Departments of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office; Missile Defense Agency; Naval Research Laboratory; U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Independent Research and Development program of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The authors gratefully appreciate the support provided by the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Joint Science and Technology Office, and they further acknowledge past support from the U.S. Departments of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office, and Missile Defense Agency, as well as the Naval Research Laboratory and the U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research. The authors also thank Jeff Barton, Brian Funk, Jeff Garretson, Kevin Huber, and Trent Taylor for their contributions. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 BP 178 EP 194 DI 10.2514/1.I010000 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AP4RO UT WOS:000342066200003 ER PT J AU MacGregor, AJ Heltemes, KJ Clouser, MC Han, PP Galarneau, MR AF MacGregor, Andrew J. Heltemes, Kevin J. Clouser, Mary C. Han, Peggy P. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Dwell Time and Psychological Screening Outcomes Among Military Service Members With Multiple Combat Deployments SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; US MILITARY; GULF-WAR; ALCOHOL-USE; STRESS; VETERANS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; DEPRESSION; PERSONNEL AB Recent studies have found that longer dwell times, or the period of time between deployments, may be protective against combat-related psychological outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dwell time and psychological morbidity, while accounting for combat exposure. U.S. Marines with two combat deployments between 2005 and 2008 were identified from electronic deployment records. Those who screened positive for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, and who were referred for mental health services were identified from the Post-Deployment Health Assessment. For the final study sample of 3,512 Marines, dwell time was calculated as time between deployments, and was analyzed as a ratio over length of first deployment. After adjustment for all covariates, there was an interaction (p = 0.01) between dwell time and combat exposure on mental health referral outcome. For personnel with maximum reported combat exposure, longer dwell times were associated with a 49% to 92% reduced odds of mental health referral. Longer dwell times may be protective against combat-related psychological outcomes. Because multiple deployments are likely to be the norm in future military operations, regulating dwell time, particularly for those with greater risk of combat exposure, should continue to be explored. C1 [MacGregor, Andrew J.; Heltemes, Kevin J.; Clouser, Mary C.; Han, Peggy P.; Galarneau, Michael R.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP MacGregor, AJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine [60808] FX We thank Science Applications International Corporation, Inc., for its contributions to this work. This work was supported by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine under the Wounded, III and Injured/Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury Program, Work Unit No. 60808. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2014 VL 179 IS 4 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00314 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UK UT WOS:000340806300006 PM 24690962 ER PT J AU Teyhen, DS Riebel, MA McArthur, DR Savini, M Jones, MJ Goffar, SL Kiesel, KB Plisky, PJ AF Teyhen, Deydre S. Riebel, Mark A. McArthur, Derrick R. Savini, Matthew Jones, Mackenzie J. Goffar, Stephen L. Kiesel, Kyle B. Plisky, Phillip J. TI Normative Data and the Influence of Age and Gender on Power, Balance, Flexibility, and Functional Movement in Healthy Service Members SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY; LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURY; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; HOP TESTS; MILITARY; SCREEN; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTORS; PREVENTION; DEFICITS AB Objectives: Determine the influence of age and sex and describe normative data on field expedient tests associated with power, balance, trunk stability, mobility, and functional movement in a military population.. Methods: Participants (n = 247) completed a series of clinical and functional tests, including closed-chain ankle dorsiflexion (DF), Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ), Y-Balance Test Upper Quarter (YBT-UQ), single leg vertical jump (SLVJ), 6-m timed hop (6-m timed), and triple hop. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Analysis of variance tests were performed to compare the results based on sex and age (<30years, >30years). Results: Service members demonstrated DF of 34.2 +/- 6.1 degrees, FMS composite score of 16.2 +/- 2.2, YBT-LQ normalized composite score of 96.9 +/- 8.6%, YBT-UQ normalized composite score of 87.6 +/- 9.6%, SLVJ of 26.9 +/- 8.6 cm, 6-m hop of 2.4 +/- 0.5 seconds, and a triple hop of 390.9 +/- 110.8 cm. Men performed greater than women (p < 0.05) on the YBT-LQ, YBT-UQ, SLVJ, 6-m timed, and triple hop. Those <30 years of age performed better than older participants (p < 0.05) on the DF, FMS, YBT-LQ, SLVJ, 6-m hop, and triple hop. Conclusions: Findings provide normative data on military members. Men performed better on power, balance, and trunk stability tests, whereas younger individuals performed better on power, balance, mobility, and functional movement. C1 [Teyhen, Deydre S.; Riebel, Mark A.; McArthur, Derrick R.; Savini, Matthew; Jones, Mackenzie J.; Goffar, Stephen L.] Baylor Univ, US Army, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, ATTN MCCS HMT, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Teyhen, Deydre S.] US Army, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, ATTN MCMR TT TATRC, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Riebel, Mark A.] Naval Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, North Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [McArthur, Derrick R.] Martin Army Community Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. [Savini, Matthew] Gen Leonard Wood Army Community Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Leonard Wood, MO 65473 USA. [Jones, Mackenzie J.] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. [Kiesel, Kyle B.; Plisky, Phillip J.] Univ Evansville, Dept Phys Therapy, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. RP Teyhen, DS (reprint author), Baylor Univ, US Army, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, ATTN MCCS HMT, 3151 Scott Rd,Suite 1301, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC); Army Medical Department Advanced Medical Technology Initiative (AAMTI); Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC); Move2Perform; Dowling Group; Barcodes; Motorola Solutions FX This study was conducted in collaboration with research and administrative assistants from U.S. Army-Baylor University, Department of Physical Therapy, U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School, San Antonio, Texas, and Physical Therapy faculty from the University of Evansville and Duke University. Additional research assistance and support were provided by 1st LT Kelly Avant, 1st LT Joshua Chao, 1st LT George Clevenger, 1st LT Kathleen Glenesk, 1st LT Lindsay Nelson, 1st LT Cassie Saxion, 1st Lt Joshua Shumway, CPT Jon Umlauf, 1st LT Raymond Akerman, 1st LT John Canada, SFC Sean Stephens, SSG Christopher Villarreal, Lt Col Scott Shaffer, Lt Col Mike Walker, CPT Carrie Hoppes, Ms. Theresa Leatherwood, Mr. Paul Gorman, Dr. Ann-Mare Williams, Mr. Josh Miller, Mr. Jeff Wilson, Ms. Jennifer Prye and the cadre from the Basic Officer Leadership Course, Captain's Career Course, and the Physical Therapy Technician (N9) program. Support for this study was also provided by Dr. Robert Butler from Duke University. This research trial was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC), Army Medical Department Advanced Medical Technology Initiative (AAMTI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC).; Drs. Kiesel and Plisky own equity in Move2Perform LLC and have developed the Move2Perform software that was used to collect data as part of this study. Dr. Plisky developed the Y-Balance Test that is also used in this study. Equipment and expertise for this study was supported by Move2Perform, The Dowling Group, Barcodes, and Motorola Solutions. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2014 VL 179 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00362 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UK UT WOS:000340806300010 PM 24690966 ER PT J AU McWhorter, SK Stander, VA Thomsen, CJ Merrill, LL Milner, JS AF McWhorter, Stephanie K. Stander, Valerie A. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Merrill, Lex L. Milner, Joel S. TI Changes in healthcare use across the transition from civilian to military life SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE healthcare use; military; young adulthood; longitudinal; disparities ID UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; DISPARITIES; SERVICES; ACCESS AB Patterns of healthcare use in a sample of young adults entering the US Navy (N=1137) were examined in a longitudinal survey study. Baseline data provided information about healthcare use as a civilian, whereas follow-up data were used to examine changes in patterns of use over time following entry into the Military Health System (MHS). Entrance into the MHS was marked by increased use of preventive care. Although few systematic differences were noted with respect to socioeconomic status or race/ethnicity, women consistently used more healthcare than did men, and women's use increased more over time; however, this increase was largely driven by pregnancy during military service. Findings suggest that individuals with access to universal healthcare are likely to increase their overall use of services. However, these effects were quite small in absolute terms, and they were strongest for preventive care rather than more intensive and expensive services. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [McWhorter, Stephanie K.; Stander, Valerie A.; Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Merrill, Lex L.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Milner, Joel S.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL USA. RP McWhorter, SK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie.mcwhorter@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-6753 EI 1099-1751 J9 INT J HEALTH PLAN M JI Int. J. Health Plan. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 SI SI BP E186 EP E204 DI 10.1002/hpm.2176 PG 19 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AJ3KD UT WOS:000337564200007 PM 23564655 ER PT J AU Kompella, S Abedi, A Hossain, E Nekovee, M Roy, S AF Kompella, Sastry Abedi, Ali Hossain, Ekram Nekovee, Maziar Roy, Sumit TI Special Issue on Cognitive Networking SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Abedi, Ali] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Abedi, Ali] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Hossain, Ekram] Univ Manitoba, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Nekovee, Maziar] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Roy, Sumit] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Roy, Sumit] Royal Acad Engn UK, London, England. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Wireless Network Res Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN INST COMMUNICATIONS SCIENCES (K I C S) PI SEOUL PA HYUNDAI KIRIM OFFICETEL 1504-6 SEOCHODONG 1330-18, SEOCHOKU, SEOUL 137-070, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-2370 EI 1976-5541 J9 J COMMUN NETW-S KOR JI J. Commun. Netw. PD APR PY 2014 VL 16 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA AJ5MA UT WOS:000337726100001 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, J AF Kirkpatrick, Jesse TI A Modest Proposal: A Global Court of Human Rights SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS LA English DT Article AB Despite significant gains, the majority of the global population still lacks the right to effective judicial remedy for rights violations. Scholars have recently considered the possibility that creating a Global Court of Human Rights could remedy this problem. This article proceeds in three sections. It begins with a discussion of the most prominent historical proposal for an International Court of Human Rights, underscoring the early recognition that a Global Court of Human Rights was needed. The next section assesses the need for the Court by reviewing the current human rights enforcement and monitoring mechanisms. It then turns to concerns with the creation of a Global Court of Human Rights. After considering these arguments, the article identifies three key benefits of creating the Court and proposes a sketch of a Global Court of Human Rights. C1 US Naval Acad, Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, 201-G Luce Hall,Mail Stop 7-J,112 Cooper Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kirkpatrick29@gmail.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1475-4835 EI 1475-4843 J9 J HUM RIGHTS JI J. Hum. Rights PD APR-JUN PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 230 EP 248 DI 10.1080/14754835.2013.824288 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA AJ3RS UT WOS:000337585500006 ER PT J AU Wei, MZ Rowley, C Martin, P Barron, CN Jacobs, G AF Wei, Mozheng Rowley, Clark Martin, Paul Barron, Charlie N. Jacobs, Gregg TI The US Navy's RELO ensemble prediction system and its performance in the Gulf of Mexico SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ocean ensemble prediction; ocean data assimilation; ensemble spread and reliability; forecast accuracy and skill; extended forecast time; Smagorinsky horizontal mixing; Mellor and Yamada vertical mixing; Talagrand/rank histogram ID ANALYSIS-PERTURBATION SCHEME; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; PARAMETER VARIATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; GLOBAL ENSEMBLE; MODEL; NCEP; FORECAST; ERROR; ECMWF AB The US Navy's relocatable (RELO) ensemble prediction system is fully described and is examined in the Gulf of Mexico for 2010. After briefly describing the ensemble transfer (ET) method for the initial perturbation generation, we introduce a new time-deformation technique to generate the surface forcing perturbations from the atmospheric model fields. The extended forecast time (EFT) is introduced to quantify the advantages of the ensemble mean forecasts over a single deterministic forecast. The ensemble spread and its growth are investigated together with their relations with the ensemble forecast accuracy, reliability and skill. Similar to many other operational ensemble forecast systems at numerical weather prediction (NWP) centres, the initial analysis error is underestimated by the technique used in the data assimilation (DA) system. Growth of the ocean ensemble spread is also found to lag the growth of the ensemble mean error, a tendency attributed to insufficiently accounting for model-related uncertainties. As an initial step, we randomly perturb the two most important parameters in the ocean model mixing parametrizations, namely the Smagorinsky horizontal and Mellor-Yamada vertical mixing schemes. We examine three different parameter perturbation schemes based on both uniform and Gaussian distributions. It is found that all three schemes improve the ensemble spread to a certain extent, particularly the scheme with Gaussian distribution of perturbations imposed on both the horizontal and vertical mixing parameters. The findings in this article indicate that the RELO ensemble forecast demonstrates superior accuracy and skill relative to a single deterministic forecast for all the variables and over all the domains considered here. The ensemble spread provides a valuable estimate of forecast uncertainty. However, the RELO uncertainty forecast capability could be further improved by accounting for more model-related uncertainties, for example, by the development of an error parametrization that imposes stochastic forcing at each model grid point. C1 [Wei, Mozheng; Rowley, Clark; Martin, Paul; Barron, Charlie N.; Jacobs, Gregg] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wei, MZ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Mozheng.Wei@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 FU SEMESTER 6.2 project at NRL; Office of Naval Research [0602435N] FX This work was funded through the SEMESTER 6.2 project at NRL and supported by the Office of Naval Research (Program Element 0602435N). We are grateful for the assistance of many of our colleagues at NRL at Stennis Space Center, particularly Pat Hogan, Emanuel Coelho, Peter Spence, Jan Dastugue and Philip Muscarella. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 681 BP 1129 EP 1149 DI 10.1002/qj.2199 PN B PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4ED UT WOS:000337623500001 ER PT J AU Baker, WE Atlas, R Cardinali, C Clement, A Emmitt, GD Gentry, BM Hardesty, RM Kallen, E Kavaya, MJ Langland, R Ma, ZZ Masutani, M McCarty, W Pierce, RB Pu, ZX Riishojgaard, LP Ryan, J Tucker, S Weissmann, M Yoe, JG AF Baker, Wayman E. Atlas, Robert Cardinali, Carla Clement, Amy Emmitt, George D. Gentry, Bruce M. Hardesty, R. Michael Kaellen, Erland Kavaya, Michael J. Langland, Rolf Ma, Zaizhong Masutani, Michiko McCarty, Will Pierce, R. Bradley Pu, Zhaoxia Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Ryan, James Tucker, Sara Weissmann, Martin Yoe, James G. TI LIDAR-MEASURED WIND PROFILES The Missing Link in the Global Observing System SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; INCOHERENT DOPPLER LIDAR; OBSERVATION IMPACT; AIRBORNE DEMONSTRATOR; SPECTRAL ANALYZER; ERA-40 REANALYSIS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; EDGE TECHNIQUE; SOLID-STATE C1 [Baker, Wayman E.] NOAA, Mchenry, MD USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cardinali, Carla; Kaellen, Erland] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Clement, Amy] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Emmitt, George D.] Simpson Weather Associates, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gentry, Bruce M.; McCarty, Will] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hardesty, R. Michael] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kavaya, Michael J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Langland, Rolf] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ma, Zaizhong; Yoe, James G.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Ryan, James] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Tucker, Sara] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Weissmann, Martin] Univ Munich, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Munich, Germany. RP Baker, WE (reprint author), 253 Gleanings Dr, Mchenry, MD 21541 USA. EM wayman.baker@gmail.com RI Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; FU Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters; NASA Earth Science Technology Office at the Goddard Space Flight Center; SWA; German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development FX The authors thank Dr. Ramesh Kakar of the Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters and Dr. George Komar of the NASA Earth Science Technology Office at the Goddard Space Flight Center for supporting research with DWL data, including airborne campaigns, and funding hardware risk reduction studies to advance the readiness of the DWL technology for space. The authors thank Dr. John Cortinas and NOAA's Office of Weather and Air Quality for contributing to the support for DWL OSSEs through NOAA's OSSE Testbed. The expert assistance of Paul Berrisford of ECMWF is sincerely acknowledged. Sidney Wood and Steven Greco of Simpson Weather Associates (SWA) are acknowledged for their dedication to producing simulated space-based DWL observations used in the OSSEs and processing and analyzing data from the U.S. Navy's airborne DWL. Funding for manuscript preparation and submission was provided by SWA. M. Weissmann is part of the Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research, a network of universities, research institutes, and Deutscher Wetterdienst funded by the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development. NR 131 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 543 EP 564 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00164.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300006 ER PT J AU Swope, KJ Cadigan, J Schmitt, P AF Swope, Kurtis J. Cadigan, John Schmitt, Pamela TI That's my final offer! Bargaining behavior with costly delay and credible commitment SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Experiments; Ultimatum game; Multilateral bargaining; Credible commitment ID LAND-ASSEMBLY PROBLEM; HOLDOUT PROBLEM; URBAN SPRAWL; COMPETITION; MODEL; GAME AB We examine laboratory bargaining experiments with symmetric and asymmetric delay costs and options for proposers to credibly commit to a bargaining position. Contrary to standard game-theoretic predictions, our experimental results suggest that commitment can be used effectively to increase the committer's payoff, particularly in a one-to-many bargaining environment where strategic holdout behavior is likely. However, we find evidence that commitment may also increase the number of failed agreements and reduce overall efficiency from exchange. To explain why behavior is inconsistent with standard game-theoretic predictions, we offer a behavioral bargaining model that allows for both "sincere" and "strategic" responders. Strategic responders behave as expected-payoff maximizers, while sincere responders behave according to a minimum-acceptable-offer (MAO) rule. We demonstrate that a mix of sincere and strategic types in the population is necessary to generate increasing equilibrium offers over time and "holdout" behavior, whereby strategic responders wait for higher offers in later periods. In response, proposers may find it optimal to commit early to an offer if commitment is possible. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Swope, Kurtis J.; Schmitt, Pamela] US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cadigan, John] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Econ, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. RP Swope, KJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM swope@usna.edu; jcadigan@gettysburg.edu; pschmitt@usna.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2214-8043 EI 2214-8051 J9 J BEHAV EXP ECON JI J. Behav. Exp. Econ. PD APR PY 2014 VL 49 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.socec.2014.02.005 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AI6TA UT WOS:000337008700005 ER PT J AU Crosby, K Shaw, LL Estournes, C Chevallier, G Fliflet, AW Imam, MA AF Crosby, K. Shaw, L. L. Estournes, C. Chevallier, G. Fliflet, A. W. Imam, M. A. TI Enhancement in Ti-6Al-4V sintering via nanostructured powder and spark plasma sintering SO POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Ball milling; Nanomaterials; Sintering ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; SILICON-NITRIDE; IMPLANTS; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; DENSIFICATION; DEFORMATION; ACTIVATION AB Studies are performed to enhance low temperature sintering of Ti-6Al-4V. High energy ball milling is found to be effective in lowering the sintering temperature through the mechanisms of particle size reduction and nanograin formation. The former reduces the diffusion distance for densification, whereas the latter introduces an additional densification mechanism allowing mass transport from the interior of the particle to the neck zone. Together, these two effects can reduce the onset temperature for densification by about 300 degrees C. Spark plasma sintering can further improve low temperature sintering when compared with radiant heat sintering and microwave sintering. The enhanced densification is discussed on the basis of the applied pressure (50 MPa) and the intrinsic joule effect that leads to increase in the local temperature at the contact point between particles. C1 [Crosby, K.; Shaw, L. L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Shaw, L. L.] IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Estournes, C.; Chevallier, G.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Inst Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Fliflet, A. W.; Imam, M. A.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM lshaw2@iit.edu FU US National Science Foundation [CBET-0930365] FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation through contract no. CBET-0930365. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0032-5899 EI 1743-2901 J9 POWDER METALL JI Powder Metall. PD APR PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1179/1743290113Y.0000000082 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AI8AQ UT WOS:000337125000017 ER PT J AU Bendick, J Reed, B Morrow, P Carole, T AF Bendick, John Reed, Brian Morrow, Patrick Carole, Tracy TI Effect of Backpulsing and Continuous Surface Cleaning on High-Shear Rotary Membrane System Permeate Flux Performance for Naval Shipboard Wastewaters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Rotating disc; Rotary membrane; Backpulse; Surface cleaning; Navy; Flux; Ceramic ID CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION; ULTRAFILTRATION; FILTRATION; FILTER; WATER AB A laboratory investigation evaluated the effect of backpulsing (BP) and continuous surface cleaning (CSC) on high-shear rotary membrane system (HSR-MS) flux performance while treating three surrogate naval shipboard wastewaters (i.e.,bilgewater, blackwater, and thermal destruction quench water) while also seeking to better understand the HSR-MS permeate flux-rotation-diameter (J--D) relationship. J increased with , BP, and CSC. BP and CSC provided the most benefit at lower . Incorporating BP and CSC improved the inner area J. A volumetric flow rate analysis conveyed the importance of disc diameterthe outer membrane area produced the majority of the total flow. Collectively, the results indicate that BP and CSC enhanced the standard HSR-MS flux performance at low by replacing the loss of or augmenting the rotationally induced shear. This conclusion supports HSR-MS operation at lower , which allows the use of larger disc diameters, providing an increase in performance per disc and a reduction in the number of membrane discs required. C1 [Bendick, John; Reed, Brian] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Morrow, Patrick; Carole, Tracy] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Bendick, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM john_bendick@yahoo.com; reedb@umbc.edu; patrick.r.morrow@navy.mil; tracy.carole@navy.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 4 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000812 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC7XH UT WOS:000332747100008 ER PT J AU Stevens, CL McPhee, MG Forrest, AL Leonard, GH Stanton, T Haskell, TG AF Stevens, C. L. McPhee, M. G. Forrest, A. L. Leonard, G. H. Stanton, T. Haskell, T. G. TI The influence of an Antarctic glacier tongue on near-field ocean circulation and mixing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE glacier tongue; Antarctica; ocean mixing; blocking; turbulence; supercooling ID MCMURDO SOUND; ICE-SHELF; PLATELET ICE; COASTAL CURRENT; TIDAL FLOW; ROSS SEA; BASE AB In situ measurements of flow and stratification in the vicinity of the Erebus Glacier Tongue, a 12 km long floating Antarctic glacier, show the significant influence of the glacier. Three ADCPs (75, 300, and 600 kHz) were deployed close (<50 m) to the sidewall of the glacier in order to capture near-field flow distortion. Scalar (temperature and conductivity) and shear microstructure profiling captured small-scale vertical variability. Flow magnitudes exceeded 0.3 m s(-1) through a combination of tidal flow (approximate to 8 cm s(-1)) and a background/residual flow (approximate to 4-10 cm s(-1)) flowing to the NW. Turbulence was dominated by deeper mixing during spring tide, likely indicative of the role of bathymetric variation which locally forms an obstacle as great as the glacier. During the neap tide, near-surface mixing was as energetic as that seen in the spring tide, suggesting the presence of buoyancy-driven near-surface flows. Estimates of integrated dissipation rate suggest that these floating extensions of the Antarctic ice sheet alter energy budgets through enhanced dissipation, and thus influence coastal near-surface circulation. Key Points A blocking layer is generated by the floating glacier Tidal rectification or substantial residual flow results in tidal asymmetry Upper water column mixing is at least as strong during neap tides as spring C1 [Stevens, C. L.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Stevens, C. L.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. [McPhee, M. G.] McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA USA. [Forrest, A. L.] Univ Tasmania, Australian Maritime Coll, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. [Forrest, A. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Leonard, G. H.] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Stanton, T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Haskell, T. G.] Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Stevens, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. EM c.stevens@niwa.cri.nz RI Leonard, Greg/F-7157-2010; OI Stevens, Craig/0000-0002-4730-6985 FU New Zealand Royal Society; US NSF; Air New Zealand FX The authors wish to thank Brett Grant, Martin Doble, Jim Stockel, and the staff of Scott Base for their support in the field. Patricia Langhorne, Craig Stewart, Natalie Robinson, Bernard Laval, Robin Robertson, and Michael Williams are thanked for their valuable discussions of the analysis. Andrew Hamilton is thanked for his coordination of the Canadian research component and discussions with Air New Zealand. Joseph Wright assisted in the collection of the GPS data. Satellite imagery is courtesy of NASA. Two anonymous Reviewers are thanked for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Metadata are lodged with Antarctica New Zealand. The work was funded by The New Zealand Royal Society administered Marsden Fund, and US NSF support to Stanton and McPhee. Logistic support was provided by Antarctica New Zealand and travel funding from Air New Zealand. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2344 EP 2362 DI 10.1002/2013JC009070 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6AN UT WOS:000336213200013 ER PT J AU Deng, Y Huang, YS Wu, Q Noto, J Drob, D Kerr, RB AF Deng, Yue Huang, Yanshi Wu, Qian Noto, John Drob, Douglas Kerr, Robert B. TI Comparison of the neutral wind seasonal variation from midlatitude conjugate observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutral wind; seasonal variation; midlatitude; conjugate ID LATITUDE THERMOSPHERIC WINDS; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL-MODEL; DYNAMICS; REGION; CIRCULATION; MIDDLE AB The seasonal variation of F region neutral wind from the midlatitude conjugate Fabry-Perot interferometer observations has been studied. The meridional wind at Palmer station (64 degrees S,64 degrees W) has a significant local time dependence with strong equatorward wind at midnight and polarward wind at dawn and dusk. The zonal wind switches from eastward to westward in the early morning section. From the June solstice (austral winter) to equinox, the maximum meridional wind increases from 90m/s to 130m/s, and the zonal wind switches direction at an earlier local time. The neutral winds from Palmer have been compared with those from the geomagnetic conjugate location, Millstone Hill (MH). At equinox, the local time variation of neutral wind shows a very good conjugacy between these two locations. But at June solstice, the similarity in the zonal wind becomes less clear. This seasonal dependence can be attributed to the seasonal variation of solar and geomagnetic forcings. The annual variation of daily average neutral wind from Palmer and MH has also been compared. The meridional wind shows a clear offset of season, and the magnitude at Palmer is averagely 40m/s more equatorward than that at MH. The zonal wind is dominantly westward at Palmer and eastward at MH. The annual variation of neutral wind, especially the zonal component, is much less symmetric between the two sites than the local time variation. The empirical horizontal wind model shows a good agreement with the observations in both local time and annual variations. C1 [Deng, Yue] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Huang, Yanshi] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Huang, Yanshi] Configurable Space Microsyst Innovat & Applicat C, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Wu, Qian] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Noto, John] Sci Solut Inc, North Chelmsford, MA USA. [Drob, Douglas] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Kerr, Robert B.] SRI Int, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM yuedeng@uta.edu OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Wu, Qian/0000-0002-7508-3803 FU NSF [ATM0955629, OPP-0839119, AGS-0640745]; NASA [NNX13AD64G, NNX14AD46G]; AFOSR [1210429]; Office of Naval Research; NASA LWS grant [NNX13AF93G]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-13-1-0174] FX This research at the University of Texas at Arlington was supported by NSF through grant ATM0955629, NASA through grants NNX13AD64G and NNX14AD46G, and AFOSR through award 1210429. Douglas Drob's effort was supported by the Office of Naval Research funding to the Naval Research Laboratory. The FPI operation and research at Palmer is supported by NSF grant OPP-0839119. The Millstone Hill FPI operation is supported by NSF grant AGS-0640745. Q. Wu was also supported by NASA LWS grant NNX13AF93G and U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-13-1-0174. Logistical support for this project in Antarctica was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the U.S. Antarctic Program. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 3029 EP 3035 DI 10.1002/2013JA019716 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH6CP UT WOS:000336218600043 ER PT J AU Kuo, CL Lee, LC Huba, JD AF Kuo, C. L. Lee, L. C. Huba, J. D. TI An improved coupling model for the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling; earthquake precursor; ionospheric dynamics; plasma bubble; equatorial spread F ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; STRONG EARTHQUAKES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHARGE GENERATION; IGNEOUS ROCKS; F-REGION; CHI-CHI; DISTURBANCES; SATELLITE; PROPAGATION AB In our previous model for the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling, the background magnetic field was assumed to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In the present paper, we improve the calculation of currents in the atmosphere by solving the current density J directly from the current continuity equation Delta . J = 0. The currents in the atmosphere can be solved for any arbitrary angle of magnetic field, i.e., any magnetic latitude. In addition, a large ratio (similar to 10) of Hall to Pedersen conductivities is used to generate a large Hall electric field. The effects of atmospheric currents and electric fields on the ionosphere with lithosphere current source located at magnetic latitudes of 7.5 degrees, 15 degrees, 22.5 degrees, and 30 degrees are obtained. For upward (downward) atmospheric currents flowing into the ionosphere, the simulation results show that the westward (eastward) electric fields dominate. At magnetic latitude of 7.5 degrees or 15 degrees, the upward (downward) current causes the increase (decrease) of total electron content (TEC) near the source region, while the upward (downward) current causes the decrease (increase) of TEC at magnetic latitude of 22.5 degrees or 30 degrees. The dynamo current density required to generate the same amount of TEC variation in the improved model is found to be smaller by a factor of 30 as compared to that obtained in our earlier paper. We also calculate the ionosphere dynamics with imposed zonal westward and eastward electric field based on SAMI3 code. It is found that the eastward (westward) electric field may trigger one (two) plasma bubble(s) in the nighttime ionosphere. C1 [Kuo, C. L.; Lee, L. C.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Lee, L. C.] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Lee, LC (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. EM louclee@earth.sinica.edu.tw RI Lee, Lou-Chuang/I-2588-2013; Kuo, Cheng-Ling/E-8556-2011 OI Lee, Lou-Chuang/0000-0003-4012-991X; FU National Science Council [NSC 101-2628-M-001-007-MY3, NSC 102-2119-M-001 -014, NSC 102-2111-M-008 -016]; Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan [MOTC-CWB-103-E-18]; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the National Center for High-performance Computing in Taiwan and Center for Computational Geophysics in National Central University for computer time and facilities. This work of CLK and LCL was supported in part by grants (NSC 101-2628-M-001-007-MY3, NSC 102-2119-M-001 -014, and NSC 102-2111-M-008 -016 from National Science Council and MOTC-CWB-103-E-18 from Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan). The research of J.D.H. was supported by the Office of Naval Research. We also thank for insightful discussions with Ben Chao and Tiger Liu, Cheng-Horng Lin, Li Zhao, and Chieh-Hung Chen. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 3189 EP 3205 DI 10.1002/2013JA019392 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AH6CP UT WOS:000336218600056 ER PT J AU Carrier, MJ Ngodock, H Smith, S Jacobs, G Muscarella, P Ozgokmen, T Haus, B Lipphardt, B AF Carrier, Matthew J. Ngodock, Hans Smith, Scott Jacobs, Gregg Muscarella, Philip Ozgokmen, Tamay Haus, Brian Lipphardt, Bruce TI Impact of Assimilating Ocean Velocity Observations Inferred from Lagrangian Drifter Data Using the NCOM-4DVAR SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Inverse methods; Variational analysis; Model initialization; Numerical analysis; modeling; Ocean models ID VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; MODELING SYSTEM; EQUATION; SURFACE; IMPLEMENTATION; CIRCULATION; FORMULATION AB Eulerian velocity fields are derived from 300 drifters released in the Gulf of Mexico by The Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE) during the summer 2012 Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) experiment. These data are directly assimilated into the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) analysis system in a series of experiments to investigate their impact on the model circulation. The NCOM-4DVAR is a newly developed tool for data analysis, formulated for weak-constraint data assimilation based on the indirect representer method. The assimilation experiments take advantage of this velocity data along with other available data sources from in situ and satellite measurements of surface and subsurface temperature and salinity. Three different experiments are done: (i) A nonassimilative NCOM free run, (ii) an assimilative NCOM run that utilizes temperature and salinity observations, and (iii) an assimilative NCOM run that uses temperature and salinity observations as well as the GLAD velocity observations. The resulting analyses and subsequent forecasts are compared to assimilated and future GLAD velocity and temperature/salinity observations to determine the performance of each experiment and the impact of the GLAD data on the analysis and the forecast. It is shown that the NCOM-4DVAR is able to fit the observations not only in the analysis step, but also in the subsequent forecast. It is also found that the GLAD velocity data greatly improves the characterization of the circulation, with the forecast showing a better fit to future GLAD observations than those experiments without the velocity data included. C1 [Carrier, Matthew J.; Ngodock, Hans; Smith, Scott; Jacobs, Gregg] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Muscarella, Philip] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Ozgokmen, Tamay; Haus, Brian] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Lipphardt, Bruce] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. RP Carrier, MJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Bldg 1009,Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM matthew.carrier@nrlssc.navy.mil FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) through the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE); Office of Naval Research Program Element [0601153N] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Emanuel Coelho for his work in processing the GLAD drifter observations into Eulerian velocity measurements used in this assimilation study. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments during the revision process. The authors would also like to state that this research was made possible in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) through the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE). This work was also sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Program Element 0601153N as part of the projects "A Multiscale Approach to Assessing Predictability of ASW Environment" and "The Rapid Transition Project (RTP) for 4Dvar NCOM in RELO and COAMPS5 with merged NCODA/NAVDAS-AR." NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1509 EP 1524 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00236.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7IC UT WOS:000333436300008 ER PT J AU Posselt, DJ Hodyss, D Bishop, CH AF Posselt, Derek J. Hodyss, Daniel Bishop, Craig H. TI Errors in Ensemble Kalman Smoother Estimates of Cloud Microphysical Parameters SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Cloud microphysics; Convective-scale processes; Bayesian methods; Inverse methods; Kalman filters ID CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; MESOSCALE; ALGORITHM AB If forecast or observation error distributions are non-Gaussian, the true posterior mean and covariance depends on the distribution of observation errors and the observed values. The posterior distribution of analysis errors obtained from ensemble Kalman filters and smoothers is independent of observed values. Hence, the error in ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS) state estimates is closely linked to the sensitivity of the true posterior to observed values. Here a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to document the dependence of the errors in EnKS-based estimates of cloud microphysical parameters on observed values. It is shown that EnKS analysis distributions are grossly inaccurate for nonnegative microphysical parameters when parameter values are close to zero. Furthermore, numerical analysis is presented that shows that, by design, the posterior distributions given by EnKS and even nonlinear extensions of these smoothers approximate the average of all possible posterior analysis distributions associated with all possible observations given the prior. Multiple runs of the MCMC are made to approximate this distribution. This empirically derived average of Bayesian posterior analysis errors is shown to be qualitatively similar to the EnKS posterior. In this way, it is demonstrated that, in the presence of nonlinearity, EnKS algorithms do not estimate the true posterior error distribution given the specific values of the observations. Instead, they produce an error distribution that is consistent with an average of the true posterior variance, weighted by the probability of obtaining each possible observation. This seemingly subtle distinction gives rise to fundamental differences between the approximate EnKS posterior and the true Bayesian posterior distribution. C1 [Posselt, Derek J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hodyss, Daniel; Bishop, Craig H.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Posselt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dposselt@umich.edu RI Posselt, Derek/I-4912-2012 OI Posselt, Derek/0000-0002-5670-5822 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00173-10-1-G035, 4596-0-1-5]; Chief of Naval Research [PE-0601153N] FX DJP's contribution to this paper was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Grant N00173-10-1-G035 while CHB was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Grant 4596-0-1-5. Support for DH was provided by the Chief of Naval Research PE-0601153N. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1631 EP 1654 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00290.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7IC UT WOS:000333436300015 ER PT J AU Kolczynski, WC Hacker, JP AF Kolczynski, Walter C. Hacker, Joshua P. TI The Potential for Self-Organizing Maps to Identify Model Error Structures SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Neural networks; Data assimilation; Model errors; Neural networks ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; CLOUD CLASSIFICATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; ENSEMBLE; PATTERNS AB An important aspect of numerical weather model improvement is the identification of deficient areas of the model, particularly deficiencies that are flow dependent or otherwise vary in time or space. Here the authors introduce the use of self-organizing maps (SOMs) and analysis increments from data assimilation to identify model deficiencies. Systematic increments reveal time- and space-dependent systematic errors, while SOMs provide a method for categorizing forecasts or increment patterns. The SOMs can be either used for direct analysis or used to produce composites of other fields. This study uses the forecasts and increments of 2-m temperature and dry column mass perturbation over a 4-week period to demonstrate the potential of this technique. Results demonstrate the potential of this technique for identifying spatially varying systematic model errors. C1 [Kolczynski, Walter C.; Hacker, Joshua P.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kolczynski, WC (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 253 Root Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM walter.kolczynski@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research [N0001411WX20059]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which led to an improved manuscript. The authors extend appreciation to the following institutions for providing software or data used in this research: The National Center for Atmospheric Research for the NCAR Command Language (2013) and DART, NOAA for observations through the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS) and NARR, and the U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) for computing resources. Funding for this research was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N0001411WX20059. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1688 EP 1696 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00189.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7IC UT WOS:000333436300018 ER PT J AU Bassim, N Scott, K Giannuzzi, LA AF Bassim, Nabil Scott, Keana Giannuzzi, Lucille A. TI Recent advances in focused ion beam technology and applications SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE focused ion beam (FIB); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); lithography; ion-solid interactions; tomography; 3D microstructure ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TEM SPECIMEN PREPARATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; PLASMA SOURCE; LIFT-OUT; FIB-SEM; LIQUID AB Focused ion beam microscopes are extremely versatile and powerful instruments for materials research. These microscopes, when coupled in a system with a scanning electron microscope, offer the opportunity for novel sample imaging, sectioning, specimen preparation, three-dimensional (3D) nano- to macroscale tomography, and high resolution rapid prototyping. The ability to characterize and create materials features in a site-specific manner at nanoscale resolution has provided key insights into many materials systems. The advent of novel instrumentation, such as new ion sources that encompass more and more of the periodic table, in situ test harnesses such as cryogenic sample holders for sensitive material analyses, novel detector configurations for 3D structural, chemical, and ion contrast characterization, and robust and versatile process automation capabilities, is an exciting development for many fields of materials research. C1 [Bassim, Nabil] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Scott, Keana] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giannuzzi, Lucille A.] LA Giannuzzi & Associates LLC, Ft Myers, FL USA. [Giannuzzi, Lucille A.] EXpressLO LLC, Ft Myers, FL USA. RP Bassim, N (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nabil.bassim@nrl.navy.mil; keana.scott@nist.gov; lucille@lagiannuzzi.com RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 148 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 67 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1557/mrs.2014.52 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AE6LS UT WOS:000334105100010 ER PT J AU Nimer, S Wolk, J Zupan, M AF Nimer, Salahudin Wolk, Jennifer Zupan, Marc TI Location and Orientation Specific Material Property Evaluation of Friction Stir Welded Ti-5111: A Microsample Approach SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR AB This work presents microsample measured mechanical properties of a friction stir welded (FSW) plate of Ti-5111. Property measurements and fractographic deformation observations were made as a function of discrete locations within the weld [stir zone (SZ), boundaries, base metal (BM)]. Properties in the longitudinal direction are compared to transverse measurements made at the same locations. Compared to the BM the longitudinal direction shows strength and ductility increases throughout the weld. The outer SZ showed mechanical properties in the longitudinal direction to be similar to the SZ properties in the transverse direction. These observations and measured properties serve to link the local material properties to the complex flow, heat, and deformation imparted to the material during the FSW process. C1 [Nimer, Salahudin; Zupan, Marc] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wolk, Jennifer] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Nimer, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM jennifer.wolk@navy.mil; mzupan@umbc.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0573]; Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division FX This work was supported by and in collaboration with the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-10-1-0573 under program manager Dr. William Mullins), as well as the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 EI 1527-2648 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1002/adem.201300427 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AF0UT UT WOS:000334430300015 ER PT J AU Tinney, G AF Tinney, Glenna TI Intimate Partner Violence and Military Women SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID VETERANS AB Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant issue that affects all women, including those who serve in the military. The myriad of issues faced by active-duty women who experience IPV is very similar to those of women who have never been in the military. However, active-duty women have an additional layer of challenges and concerns related to the military culture and the military's response to IPV. Many women in the military have experienced individual trauma, including IPV, at some point in their lives, be it before, during, and/or after leaving the military. This article provides data from the first survey that have ever compared military and civilian rates of IPV, sexual violence, and stalking. It also addresses the context in which the violence is embedded, the impact on risk and danger, the consequences of a trauma history, and a trauma-informed approach for a screening, assessment, and intervention. C1 [Tinney, Glenna] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. EM glenna817@gmail.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 EI 1938-2456 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD APR PY 2014 VL 44 IS 4 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.3928/00485713-20140403-05 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AH2LC UT WOS:000335951800005 ER PT J AU Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Blandford, RD Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A Dermer, CD Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Jogler, T Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mazziotta, MN Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Paneque, D Perkins, JS Piron, F Pivato, G Prokhorov, D Raino, S Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Romoli, C Sanchez-Conde, M Sanchez, DA Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Waite, AP Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z AF Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Blandford, R. D. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mazziotta, M. N. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Prokhorov, D. Raino, S. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Romoli, C. Sanchez-Conde, M. Sanchez, D. A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. TI Fermi LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF BLAZAR 3C 279 OCCULTATIONS BY THE SUN SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astroparticle physics; gamma rays: general; occultations; quasars: individual (3C 279); Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PAIR HALOS; EGRET DATA; CONSEQUENCES; PHOTON; AXION AB Observations of occultations of bright. gamma-ray sources by the Sun may reveal predicted pair halos around blazars and/or new physics, such as, e.g., hypothetical light dark matter particles-axions. We use Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Fermi) data to analyze four occultations of blazar 3C 279 by the Sun on October 8 each year from 2008 to 2011. A combined analysis of the observations of these occultations allows a point-like source at the position of 3C 279 to be detected with significance of approximate to 3 sigma, but does not reveal any significant excess over the flux expected from the quiescent Sun. The likelihood ratio test rules out complete transparency of the Sun to the blazar. gamma-ray emission at a 3s confidence level. C1 [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Pivato, G.; Romoli, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Prokhorov, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Tanaka, T.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Prokhorov, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Tanaka, T.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; D'Ammando, F.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cheung, C. C.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [D'Ammando, F.; Mehault, J.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; D'Ammando, F.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Grp Coll Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Knoedlseder, J.; Yang, Z.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Sanchez, D. A.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Barbiellini, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. EM imos@stanford.edu; phdmitry@stanford.edu RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 2 AR 118 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/118 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG6HJ UT WOS:000335519400033 ER PT J AU Fuselier, SA Allegrini, F Bzowski, M Dayeh, MA Desai, M Funsten, HO Galli, A Heirtzler, D Janzen, P Kubiak, MA Kucharek, H Lewis, W Livadiotis, G McComas, DJ Mobius, E Petrinec, SM Quinn, M Schwadron, N Sokol, JM Trattner, KJ Wood, BE Wurz, P AF Fuselier, S. A. Allegrini, F. Bzowski, M. Dayeh, M. A. Desai, M. Funsten, H. O. Galli, A. Heirtzler, D. Janzen, P. Kubiak, M. A. Kucharek, H. Lewis, W. Livadiotis, G. McComas, D. J. Moebius, E. Petrinec, S. M. Quinn, M. Schwadron, N. Sokol, J. M. Trattner, K. J. Wood, B. E. Wurz, P. TI LOW ENERGY NEUTRAL ATOMS FROM THE HELIOSHEATH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: atoms; plasmas; solar wind; Sun: heliosphere ID INTERSTELLAR-BOUNDARY-EXPLORER; PICK-UP IONS; INNER HELIOSHEATH; SOLAR-WIND; TERMINATION SHOCK; ALPHA ABSORPTION; IBEX RIBBON; VOYAGER 1; IN-SITU; PLASMA AB In the heliosheath beyond the termination shock, low energy (< 0.5 keV) neutral atoms are created by charge exchange with interstellar neutrals. Detecting these neutrals from Earth's orbit is difficult because their flux is reduced substantially by ionization losses as they propagate from about 100 to 1 AU and because there are a variety of other signals and backgrounds that compete with this weak signal. Observations from IBEX-Lo and -Hi from two opposing vantage points in Earth's orbit established a lower energy limit of about 0.1 keV on measurements of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the heliosphere and the form of the energy spectrum from about 0.1 to 6 keV in two directions in the sky. Below 0.1 keV, the detailed ENA spectrum is not known, and IBEX provides only upper limits on the fluxes. However, using some assumptions and taking constraints on the spectrum into account, we find indications that the spectrum turns over at an energy between 0.1 and 0.2 keV. C1 [Fuselier, S. A.; Allegrini, F.; Dayeh, M. A.; Desai, M.; Lewis, W.; Livadiotis, G.; McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Fuselier, S. A.; Allegrini, F.; Desai, M.; McComas, D. J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Bzowski, M.; Kubiak, M. A.; Sokol, J. M.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Funsten, H. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Galli, A.; Wurz, P.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Heirtzler, D.; Kucharek, H.; Moebius, E.; Quinn, M.; Schwadron, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Janzen, P.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Petrinec, S. M.; Trattner, K. J.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Wood, B. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fuselier, SA (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM sfuselier@swri.edu; fallegrini@swri.edu; bzowski@cbk.waw.pl; maldayeh@swri.org; mdesai@swri.edu; hfunsten@lanl.gov; andre.galli@space.unibe.ch; dheirtzl@atlas.sr.unh.edu; paul.janzen@umontana.edu; mkubiak@cbk.waw.pl; harald.kucharek@unh.edu; wlewis@swri.edu; george.livadiotis@swri.org; dmccomas@swri.edu; eberhard.moebius@unh.edu; steven.m.petrinec@lmco.com; marty@drsri.com; n.schwadron@unh.edu; jsokol@cbk.waw.pl; karlheinz.trattner@lasp.colorado.edu; brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil; peter.wurz@space.unibe.ch RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; Sokol, Justyna/K-2892-2015; OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 FU NASA's Explorer program; Polish National Science Center [2012-06-M-ST9-00455] FX Support for this study comes from NASA's Explorer program. IBEX is the result of efforts from a large number of scientists, engineers, and others. All who contributed to this mission share in its success. Solar wind data used to determine the IMF conditions, and the choice of lobe intervals in this study are from the ACE spacecraft solar wind monitors (PIs: D. McComas and E. Smith) via the CDAWeb. The authors from SRC PAS were supported by grant 2012-06-M-ST9-00455 from the Polish National Science Center. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 2 AR 89 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/89 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG6HJ UT WOS:000335519400004 ER PT J AU Jackson, AP Townsley, DM Calder, AC AF Jackson, Aaron P. Townsley, Dean M. Calder, Alan C. TI POWER-LAW WRINKLING TURBULENCE-FLAME INTERACTION MODEL FOR ASTROPHYSICAL FLAMES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae: general; turbulence ID GRAVITATIONALLY CONFINED DETONATION; WHITE-DWARF MODELS; EVALUATING SYSTEMATIC DEPENDENCIES; 3-DIMENSIONAL DEFLAGRATION MODEL; FLUID DYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; PIECEWISE PARABOLIC METHOD; IA SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION; SUBGRID SCALE-MODEL; LIGHT CURVES; THERMONUCLEAR FLAMES AB We extend a model for turbulence-flame interactions (TFI) to consider astrophysical flames with a particular focus on combustion in Type Ia supernovae. The inertial range of the turbulent cascade is nearly always under-resolved in simulations of astrophysical flows, requiring the use of a model in order to quantify the effects of subgrid-scale wrinkling of the flame surface. We provide implementation details to extend a well-tested TFI model to low-Prandtl number flames for use in the compressible hydrodynamics code flash. A local, instantaneous measure of the turbulent velocity is calibrated for flash and verification tests are performed. Particular care is taken to consider the relation between the subgrid rms turbulent velocity and the turbulent flame speed, especially for high-intensity turbulence where the turbulent flame speed is not expected to scale with the turbulent velocity. Finally, we explore the impact of different TFI models in full-star, three-dimensional simulations of Type Ia supernovae. C1 [Jackson, Aaron P.] Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC USA. [Townsley, Dean M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Calder, Alan C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Calder, Alan C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Adv Computat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Jackson, AP (reprint author), Natl Res Council Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20055 USA. FU National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors thank Alexei Poludnenko and Elaine Oran for useful discussions that contributed to this work. We also thank the anonymous referee for a careful reading of the manuscript and many suggestions that improved its accessibility. This work was supported in part by an award to A.P.J. from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. This work was supported by NASA through grant NNX09AD19G. A. C. C. also acknowledges support from the Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-87ER40317. D. M. T. received support from the Bart J. Bok fellowship at the University of Arizona for part of this work. The authors acknowledge the hospitality of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, which is supported by the NSF under grant PHY05-51164, during the programs "Accretion and Explosion: the Astrophysics of Degenerate Stars" and "Stellar Death and Supernovae." The software used in this work was in part developed by the DOE-supported ASC/Alliances Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes at the University of Chicago. We thank Nathan Hearn for making his QuickFlash analysis tools publicly available at http://quickflash.sourceforge.net. This work utilized resources at the New York Center for Computational Sciences at Stony Brook University/Brookhaven National Laboratory which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and by the State of New York. Some simulations presented in this work were run on the Ranger supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center as part of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE, formally TeraGrid), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number OCI-1053575. Computations were also performed under the Department of Energy 2010 INCITE allocation, Fundamental Research in Type Ia Supernovae. NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 2 AR 174 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/174 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG6HJ UT WOS:000335519400089 ER PT J AU Mackay, DH DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK AF Mackay, Duncan H. DeVore, C. Richard Antiochos, Spiro K. TI GLOBAL-SCALE CONSEQUENCES OF MAGNETIC-HELICITY INJECTION AND CONDENSATION ON THE SUN SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; Sun: activity; Sun: corona ID DRIVEN VORTEX FLOWS; SOLAR CORONA; HEMISPHERIC PATTERN; FILAMENT CHANNELS; FLUX TRANSPORT; FINE-STRUCTURE; FIELDS; PROMINENCES; CHIRALITY; EVOLUTION AB In the recent paper of Antiochos, a new concept for the injection of magnetic helicity into the solar corona by small-scale convective motions and its condensation onto polarity inversion lines (PILs) was developed. We investigate this concept through global simulations of the Sun's photospheric and coronal magnetic fields, and compare the results with the hemispheric pattern of solar filaments. Assuming that the vorticity of the cells is predominantly counterclockwise/clockwise in the northern/southern hemisphere, the convective motions inject negative/positive helicity into each hemisphere. The simulations show that: (1) on a north-south oriented PIL, both differential rotation and convective motions inject the same sign of helicity, which matches that required to reproduce the hemispheric pattern of filaments. (2) On a high-latitude east-west oriented polar crown or subpolar crown PIL, the vorticity of the cells has to be approximately 2-3 times greater than the local differential-rotation gradient in order to overcome the incorrect sign of helicity injection from differential rotation. (3) In the declining phase of the cycle, as a bipole interacts with the polar field, in some cases, helicity condensation can reverse the effect of differential rotation along the east-west lead arm but not in all cases. The results show that this newly developed concept of magnetic helicity injection and condensation, in conjunction with the mechanisms used in Yeates et al., is a viable explanation for the hemispheric pattern of filaments. Future observational studies should focus on examining the vorticity component within convective motions to determine both its magnitude and latitudinal variation relative to the differential-rotation gradient on the Sun. C1 [Mackay, Duncan H.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [DeVore, C. Richard] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DeVore, C. Richard; Antiochos, Spiro K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mackay, DH (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM dhm@st-and.ac.uk RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 FU STFC; Leverhulme Trust; European Commission [263340]; NASA TR&T and SRT programs FX D.H.M. would like to thank STFC, the Leverhulme Trust, and the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement SWIFF (project 263340, http://www.swiff.eu) for their financial support. C.R.D. and S.K.A. wish to acknowledge the NASA TR&T and SR&T programs for supporting their contributions to the work. All of us thank Judy Karpen for lending her artistic expertise in creating the figures used in the Appendix and for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also appreciate Anthony Yeates' alerting us to the observations of J.A. Bonet and collaborators. D.H.M. and C.R.D. participated in a team investigation of solar prominences at the International Space Science Institute, where this collaboration was conceived and initiated. We are grateful to ISSI for hosting us, to Nicolas Labrosse for leading the team, and to Zoran Mikic and the rest of the group for stimulating discussions. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 2 AR 164 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/164 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG6HJ UT WOS:000335519400079 ER PT J AU Satyapal, S Secrest, NJ McAlpine, W Ellison, SL Fischer, J Rosenberg, JL AF Satyapal, S. Secrest, N. J. McAlpine, W. Ellison, S. L. Fischer, J. Rosenberg, J. L. TI DISCOVERY OF A POPULATION OF BULGELESS GALAXIES WITH EXTREMELY RED MID-IR COLORS: OBSCURED AGN ACTIVITY IN THE LOW-MASS REGIME? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: spiral; infrared: galaxies ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLES; MIDINFRARED SELECTION; SEYFERT-1 GALAXY; SPIRAL GALAXIES; DWARF GALAXIES; CHANDRA VIEW; NGC 4178 AB In contrast to massive, bulge hosting galaxies, very few supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are known in either low-mass or bulgeless galaxies. Such a population could provide clues to the origins of SMBHs and to secular pathways for their growth. Using the all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) survey, and bulge-to-disk decompositions from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7, we report the discovery of a population of local (z < 0.3) bulgeless disk galaxies with extremely red mid-infrared colors which are highly suggestive of a dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN), despite having no optical AGN signatures in their SDSS spectra. Using various mid-infrared selection criteria from the literature, there are between 30 and over 300 bulgeless galaxies with possible AGNs. Other known scenarios that can heat the dust to high temperatures do not appear to explain the observed colors of this sample. If these galaxies are confirmed to host AGNs, this study will provide a breakthrough in characterizing the properties of SMBHs in the low bulge mass regime and in understanding their relation with their host galaxies. Mid-infrared selection identifies AGNs that dominate their host galaxy's emission and therefore reveal a different AGN population than that uncovered by optical studies. We find that the fraction of all galaxies identified as candidate AGNs by WISE is highest at lower stellar masses and drops dramatically in higher mass galaxies, in striking contrast to the findings from optical studies. C1 [Satyapal, S.; Secrest, N. J.; McAlpine, W.; Rosenberg, J. L.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ellison, S. L.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. [Fischer, J.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Satyapal, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, MS 3F3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM satyapal@physics.gmu.edu NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 2 AR 113 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/113 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG6HJ UT WOS:000335519400028 ER PT J AU Burgess, GT AF Burgess, G. Thomas TI Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Burgess, G. Thomas] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burgess, GT (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0002-8762 EI 1937-5239 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 658 EP 659 DI 10.1093/ahr/119.2.658 PG 2 WC History SC History GA AF7ZI UT WOS:000334933900214 ER PT J AU Cardoso, AS Chakraborty, PS Lourenco, NE England, TD Saha, P Howard, DC Fleischhauer, DM Warner, JH McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Paki-Amouzou, P Thrivikraman, TK Cressler, JD AF Cardoso, Adilson S. Chakraborty, Partha S. Lourenco, Nelson E. England, Troy D. Saha, Prabir Howard, Duane C. Fleischhauer, David M. Warner, Jeffrey H. McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen P. Paki-Amouzou, Pauline Thrivikraman, Tushar K. Cressler, John D. TI Evaluating the Effects of Single Event Transients in FET-Based Single-Pole Double-Throw RF Switches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bulk FET; low insertion loss switch; radiation; RF switch; SiGe Bi CMOS; single event transient (SET); single-pole double-throw (SPDT); SOI ID LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER; 130 NM CMOS; TECHNOLOGY; MITIGATION; DEVICES AB The impact of single event transients (SETs) on single-pole double-throw (SPDT) RF switch circuits designed in a commercially-available, 180 nm second-generation SiGe BiCMOS (IBM 7HP) technology is investigated. The intended application for these SPDT RF switches requires a 1 GHz to 20 GHz band of operation, relatively low insertion loss (< 3.0 dB at 20 GHz), and moderate isolation (> 15 dB at 20 GHz). Two-photon absorption experiment results reveal that the SPDT switches are vulnerable to SETs due to biasing effects as well as the triple-well (TW) nFETs, which are found to be more sensitive to SETs than bulk nFETs. From these results, potential implications are discussed and mitigation strategies are proposed. To verify one of the proposed mitigation techniques, SPDT switches were also designed in a 180 nm twin-well SOI CMOS (IBM 7RF-SOI) technology. A different biasing technique is implemented to help improve the SET response. The fabricated SOI SPDT switches achieve an insertion loss of < 1.04 dB at 20 GHz and > 21 dB isolation at 20 GHz. For this circuit, no transients were observed even at very high laser energies (approximate to 5 nJ). C1 [Cardoso, Adilson S.; Chakraborty, Partha S.; Lourenco, Nelson E.; England, Troy D.; Saha, Prabir; Howard, Duane C.; Fleischhauer, David M.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Warner, Jeffrey H.; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Paki-Amouzou, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Thrivikraman, Tushar K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cardoso, AS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cardosoa@gatech.edu RI Chakraborty, Partha/K-6963-2014 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-C-0031]; SPAWAR; NASA-NEPP FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under HDTRA1-09-C-0031, in part by SPAWAR, and in part by NASA-NEPP. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 61 IS 2 BP 756 EP 765 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2301448 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AF7YI UT WOS:000334931100008 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Howe, D AF Lewis, Alexis C. Howe, David TI Future Directions in 3D Materials Science: Outlook from the First International Conference on 3D Materials Science SO JOM LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY; ELECTRON; MICROSCOPY AB The First International Conference on Three-Dimensional Materials Science was held in July 2012 in Seven Springs, Pennsylvania. The final session of the meeting consisted of a panel and audience discussion of the future directions of 3D materials science. Here we summarize these directions in four categories: improving data collection capabilities; increasing efficiency of collection, analysis, and modeling of data; error quantification; and data management. C1 [Lewis, Alexis C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Howe, David] TMS, Warrendale, PA 15086 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD APR PY 2014 VL 66 IS 4 BP 670 EP 673 DI 10.1007/s11837-014-0883-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AG6BM UT WOS:000335503400019 ER PT J AU Lockhart, P Ramotowski, T Rice, M AF Lockhart, P. Ramotowski, T. Rice, M. TI Terahertz frequency optical properties of acoustic materials SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE Acoustic materials; Polymer composite materials; Nondestructive evaluation; Nondestructive testing; Terahertz spectroscopy; Terahertz imaging ID SPECTROSCOPY AB An investigation of the terahertz frequency electromagnetic absorption coefficient spectra and refractive index spectra is presented for many materials employed in acoustic applications. A brief discussion on the use of these material properties for terahertz imaging applications is also included. Terahertz-frequency electromagnetic radiation has the potential to image through and inside many acoustically damping materials, unlike traditional nondestructive evaluation techniques such as ultrasound. The optical properties discussed herein are necessary to quantify potential terahertz imaging performance for these and other acoustic materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lockhart, P.; Ramotowski, T.; Rice, M.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lockhart, P (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM patric.lockhart@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport's (NUWCDIVNPT's) In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program via the Office of Naval Research (ONR); NUWCDIVNPT's Section 219 program; Naval Sea Systems Command's Virginia Program Office [PMS450] FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport's (NUWCDIVNPT's) In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program via the Office of Naval Research (ONR), NUWCDIVNPT's Section 219 program, and the Naval Sea Systems Command's Virginia Program Office (PMS450). The authors would like to thank the following people for their assistance, insight, and advice: J. Melillo, J. White, Dr. L. Antonelli, Dr. A. Ruffa, T. Choinski, G. Mans, Dr. F. Blackmon, M. Kroger, and M. Ahmed at NUWCDIVNPT, J. Segelhorst at PMS450, G. Lee and J. Liu at Naval Surface Warfare Center Division Carderock (NSWCDIVCD), and I. Duling and J. White at Picometrix LLC. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 EI 1873-2348 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD APR PY 2014 VL 34 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.01.008 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA AG4YJ UT WOS:000335426000019 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT Thomsen, GL AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. Thomsen, Gerald L. TI Sensitivity of tropical-cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient in different boundary-layer schemes SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE frictional drag; surface drag coefficient; hurricanes; typhoons; boundary layer; tropical cyclones ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TURBULENT FLUXES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART I; HURRICANES; PARAMETERIZATION; INTENSIFICATION; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; INTENSITY AB The recent study of the sensitivity of tropical-cyclone intensification to the surface drag coefficient in a three-dimensional model by Montgomery et al. is extended to include a wind-speed-dependent drag coefficient and one of four boundary-layer parametrization schemes: the bulk, Blackadar, MRF and Gayno-Seaman schemes. The schemes are slightly modified to have the same drag coefficient formulation and the same constant exchange coefficients for sensible heat and moisture. Interest is focussed on the change in intensity of the azimuthally-averaged tangential wind speed and change in the low-level vortex structure when the standard value of the drag coefficient is halved or doubled. Changing the drag coefficient provides insight into unbalanced effects in the boundary layer and their impact on the vortex evolution and structure. The changes in vortex behaviour with changing drag coefficient are qualitatively similar for all schemes, the maximum intensification occurring for a value somewhere near the standard value of the drag coefficient. The interpretation given to explain this behaviour underlines the intrinsically unbalanced nature of the boundary-layer dynamics, although, for reasons discussed, a complete theory for the behaviour does not exist. The behaviour found is at odds with the predictions of Emanuel's (balance) theory for the maximum intensity of a tropical-cyclone, which predicts a monotonic decrease in intensity with the drag coefficient if the enthalpy exchange coefficient is held fixed. It is at odds also with a recent numerical study of the maximum intensity by Bryan and Rotunno. The study underscores the importance of boundary-layer dynamics in models for forecasting tropical-cyclone intensity and the need for care in choosing a boundary-layer scheme. However, it is not yet known which boundary-layer formulation is the most appropriate for this purpose, highlighting the need for a concerted research effort in this direction. C1 [Smith, Roger K.; Thomsen, Gerald L.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30/23-1]; US Office of Naval Research [N0001411Wx20095]; NSF [AGS-0733380, AGS-0851077]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG09HG031] FX We thank Sarah Jones, Jeff Kepert and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the original version of this manuscript. RKS and GT acknowledge financial support for hurricane research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under grant no. SM30/23-1. MTM acknowledges the support of grant no. N0001411Wx20095 from the US Office of Naval Research and NSF AGS-0733380 and NSF AGS-0851077, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division and NASA grants NNH09AK561 and NNG09HG031. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 792 EP 804 DI 10.1002/qj.2057 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800006 ER PT J AU Coy, L Reynolds, CA AF Coy, Lawrence Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI Singular vectors and their nonlinear evolution during the January 2009 stratospheric sudden warming SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stratosphere dynamics; sudden warming; singular vectors ID ADAPTIVE OBSERVING GUIDANCE; ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; GROWTH; MODEL; FLOW; PREDICTABILITY; PERTURBATIONS; CIRCULATION AB The evolution and structure of stratospheric singular vectors (SVs) during the major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) of January 2009 are investigated. SV analyses, optimized for growth at stratospheric levels over 72 h, were examined for selected dates before and during the SSW. It was found that the initial and final SV fields have larger horizontal structures during the SSW event than before the SSW event. A high-altitude forecast model was initialized with perturbations taken from the initial time SV structures and integrated for 144 h to study growth and nonlinear changes in a highly disturbed polar vortex. When large-amplitude initial SV perturbations were forecast during the SSW, large changes occurred in the descent of the SSW event and poleward focusing of the Eliassen-Palm fluxes. Examination of the development of SV analysis suggests that stratospheric SV growth occurs through wave-action conservation as initial SV perturbations propagate into the polar vortex jet. C1 [Coy, Lawrence] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Reynolds, Carolyn A.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Coy, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lawrence.coy@nasa.gov OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research and performed at the Naval Research Laboratory. Additional support was received via a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 1013 EP 1024 DI 10.1002/qj.2181 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800025 ER PT J AU Koul, MA Sheetz, A Ault, P Repp, J Whitfield, A AF Koul, Michelle A. Sheetz, Andrew Ault, Pete Repp, John Whitfield, Angela TI Effect of Zn-Rich Coatings on the Corrosion and Cracking Resistance of High-Strength Armor Steel SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE cathodic protection; environmentally assisted cracking; fracture; high-strength steel; hydrogen embrittlement; sacrificial anodes; zinc primers ID ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION; SACRIFICIAL COATINGS; RE-EMBRITTLEMENT; HYDROGEN ENTRY; BEHAVIOR; STRAIN; IRON AB Scribed panel testing under cyclic salt fog conditions indicates that Zn-rich coatings reduce the corrosion damage observed in armor steel as compared to traditional coatings. Constant extension rate and rising step load testing on armor steel were conducted to evaluate the effect of the Zn-rich coating on environmentally assisted crack (EAC) initiation and propagation in a marine environment. It was found that the presence of the Zn-rich coating did moderately degrade the resistance to crack initiation compared to uncoated steel during immersion in artificial seawater. It was also found that the presence of the Zn-rich coating approximately doubled the crack propagation rates compared to uncoated steel in seawater immersion. Adding a chemical agent resistant coating (CARC) topcoat to the Zn-rich coating improved the resistance to crack initiation in the constant extension rate tests, but had no effect on the crack propagation rates. Intergranular and quasi-cleavage fracture modes were noted for the environment-affected test specimens. Seawater exposures followed by a drying time had no residual effect on crack initiation behavior in air as evaluated by the constant extension rate test. In the presence of a precrack, seawater exposure can serve to initiate cracking, and subsequent arrest during the drying period will depend on the mechanical driving force (i.e., applied stress intensity). The subcritical crack growth rates for Zn-coated material during the drying period is slower than under full immersion conditions, and is similar to, or less than, values obtained for the uncoated condition. C1 [Koul, Michelle A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sheetz, Andrew; Whitfield, Angela] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Ault, Pete; Repp, John] Elzly Technol Corp, Ocean City, NJ 08226 USA. RP Koul, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM koul@usna.edu FU USMC Corrosion Prevention and Control Program; OSD Corrosion Policy and Oversight Office FX Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of M. Koch, USMC Corrosion Prevention and Control Program, and D. Dunmire, OSD Corrosion Policy and Oversight Office. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 EI 1938-159X J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD APR PY 2014 VL 70 IS 4 BP 337 EP 350 DI 10.5006/1027 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AF2UI UT WOS:000334567600003 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Martinez, DA Gujja, S Sykes, SM Zeng, QD Szaniszlo, PJ Wang, Z Cuomo, CA AF Chen, Zehua Martinez, Diego A. Gujja, Sharvari Sykes, Sean M. Zeng, Qiandong Szaniszlo, Paul J. Wang, Zheng Cuomo, Christina A. TI Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Wangiella dermatitidis, A Major Cause of Phaeohyphomycosis and a Model Black Yeast Human Pathogen SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE horizontal gene transfer; comparative genomics; cell wall biosynthesis; human pathogenic fungi; RNA-Seq ID RNA-SEQ DATA; EXOPHIALA-DERMATITIDIS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; GENE-CLUSTER; MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CEREBRAL PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; ANTIGEN BIOSYNTHESIS; HYPHAL TRANSITIONS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD AB Black or dark brown (phaeoid) fungi cause cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic infections in humans. Black fungi thrive in stressful conditions such as intense light, high radiation, and very low pH. Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis is arguably the most studied phaeoid fungal pathogen of humans. Here, we report our comparative analysis of the genome of W. dermatitidis and the transcriptional response to low pH stress. This revealed that W. dermatitidis has lost the ability to synthesize alpha-glucan, a cell wall compound many pathogenic fungi use to evade the host immune system. In contrast, W. dermatitidis contains a similar profile of chitin synthase genes as related fungi and strongly induces genes involved in cell wall synthesis in response to pH stress. The large portfolio of transporters may provide W. dermatitidis with an enhanced ability to remove harmful products as well as to survive on diverse nutrient sources. The genome encodes three independent pathways for producing melanin, an ability linked to pathogenesis; these are active during pH stress, potentially to produce a barrier to accumulated oxidative damage that might occur under stress conditions. In addition, a full set of fungal light-sensing genes is present, including as part of a carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster. Finally, we identify a two-gene cluster involved in nucleotide sugar metabolism conserved with a subset of fungi and characterize a horizontal transfer event of this cluster between fungi and algal viruses. This work reveals how W. dermatitidis has adapted to stress and survives in diverse environments, including during human infections. C1 [Chen, Zehua; Martinez, Diego A.; Gujja, Sharvari; Sykes, Sean M.; Zeng, Qiandong; Cuomo, Christina A.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Szaniszlo, Paul J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mol Biosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wang, Zheng] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cuomo, CA (reprint author), 7 Cambridge Ctr, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM zheng.wang@nrl.navy.mil; cuomo@broadinstitute.org OI Cuomo, Christina/0000-0002-5778-960X FU National Human Genome Research Institute [U54HG003067]; Human Microbiome Project [U54HG004969]; Naval Research Laboratory core funds from the Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Broad Institute Genomics Platform for generating all DNA and RNA sequence described here. The assembly and annotation were submitted to the NCBI nucleotide database under the accession number AFPA01000000. RNA-Seq differential expression analysis of pH data were submitted to the NCBI GEO database (GSE51646). This work was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (grant number U54HG003067 to the Broad Institute), the Human Microbiome Project (grant U54HG004969), and Naval Research Laboratory core funds from the Office of Naval Research. P.J.S., Z.W., and C.A.C. designed the project. S. M. S. assembled genomes. S.G. and Q.Z. annotated genomes. Z.W. performed experiments. Z.C., D.A.M., Z.W., and C.A.C. analyzed data. Z.C., D.A.M., P.J.S., Z.W., and C.A.C. wrote the paper. NR 116 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD APR PY 2014 VL 4 IS 4 BP 561 EP 578 DI 10.1534/g3.113.009241 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AF4OW UT WOS:000334694100002 PM 24496724 ER PT J AU Greene, AD Hendricks, PJ AF Greene, Andrew D. Hendricks, Peter J. TI Turbulent Wake of a Bridge Pier in a Tidal Current SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Stratified wake; turbulence; wake ID DOPPLER-VELOCIMETER DATA; FROUDE-NUMBER; FLUID AB The evolution of a large Reynolds number O(10(6)) wake was investigated using data from a ship-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The ADCP was a custom configured 600-kHz Teleydyne RD Instruments Workhorse augmented to have a fifth beam that was nominally vertical. The test was conducted in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA, using a large support pier of the Newport Bridge as the turbulent source in the bay's tidal flow. The turbulence was manifested as a vigorously fluctuating wake in the lee of the bridge pier. A series of wake crossings between x = 10 - 100D were made during the ebb of the tidal cycle, where x and D are, respectively, the downstream distance and bridge pier diameter. The data set serves as one of a handful where wake evolution has been documented for a large Reynolds number system, and is unique in that high-horizontal resolution vertical velocity profiles were taken with the vertical fifth beam of the ADCP. A range of scales was observed in the vertical velocity field within the wake, including small-scale turbulence O(2-10 m) and large vortex structures O(20-40 m). When cast in terms of nondimensional wake age (N tau), where N and tau are, respectively, the buoyancy frequency and wake age, the decay of root mean square vertical velocity fluctuations was observed to be proportional to, (N tau)(-0.82) faster than the decay of an unstratified 2-D plane wake. C1 [Greene, Andrew D.; Hendricks, Peter J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Greene, AD (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM andrew.d.greene@navy.mil FU New Professional Development Program at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport [798R330] FX This work was supported in part by the New Professional Development Program at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport, under Grant 798R330. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2014 VL 39 IS 2 BP 276 EP 289 DI 10.1109/JOE.2013.2249871 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AF5ET UT WOS:000334737500008 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, S Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Schoenecker, Steven Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov TI ML-PDA and ML-PMHT: Comparing Multistatic Sonar Trackers for VLO Targets Using a New Multitarget Implementation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bistatic; expectation maximization (EM); low observable; maximum likelihood; maximum-likelihood probabilistic data association (ML-PDA); maximum-likelihood probabilistic multihypothesis (ML-PMHT); multistatic; multitarget; multitarget ML-PMHT; sonar; tracking AB The maximum-likelihood probabilistic data association (ML-PDA) tracker and themaximum-likelihood probabilistic multihypothesis (ML-PMHT) tracker are tested in their capacity as algorithms for very low observable (VLO) targets (meaning 6-dB postsignal processing or even less) and are then applied to five synthetic benchmark multistatic active sonar scenarios featuring multiple targets, multiple sources, and multiple receivers. Both methods end up performing well in situations where there is a single target or widely spaced targets. However, ML-PMHT has an inherent advantage over ML-PDA in that its likelihood ratio (LR) has a simple multitarget formulation, which allows it to be implemented as a true multitarget tracker. This formulation, presented here for the first time, gives ML-PMHT superior performance for instances where multiple targets are closely spaced with similar motion dynamics. C1 [Schoenecker, Steven] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Schoenecker, Steven; Willett, Peter; Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Schoenecker, S (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.schoenecker@navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-10-10412, N00014-10-1-0029]; U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-06-1-0467] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grants N00014-10-10412 and N00014-10-1-0029, and the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) under Grant W911NF-06-1-0467. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2014 VL 39 IS 2 BP 303 EP 317 DI 10.1109/JOE.2013.2248534 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AF5ET UT WOS:000334737500010 ER PT J AU Lean, MH Wolak, MA Mackey, M Baer, E AF Lean, Meng H. Wolak, Mason A. Mackey, Matthew Baer, Eric TI Internal Field Distributions in Multilayer Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene Films at Onset of Breakdown SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Layered polymer films; dielectric strength; divergent field breakdown; SEM/FIB diagnostics ID INTERPHASE AB Multilayer polymer films comprising alternating layers of polycarbonate (PC) and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) show enhanced dielectric strength relative to single component films of either source polymer. Previous failure analysis on films subjected to breakdown under divergent field conditions revealed that multilayer films produced distinct surface treeing patterns whereas monolithic films did not. The choice of surface layer (PC or PVDF-HFP) contacted by a needle electrode influenced the nature of these treeing patterns. Additionally, damage within the film was largely localized to the interfaces between layers. To help explain these empirical results, we model the divergent field based on the geometry of our experimental setup and calculate the internal electric field distribution using the boundary integral equation method (BIEM). All fundamental charges, including: free, bound, trapped, and space charges are accounted for in the calculations, based on current and voltage data recorded during prior breakdown measurements. The calculations show that when PC is used as the surface layer in contact with the needle anode, there is significant field intensification in the top PC layer, in excess of 2000 V/mu m. This is many times higher than the measured dielectric strength of monolithic PC and is at least partially due to charge injection from the needle anode. In contrast, the PVDF-HFP sub-layer in this configuration has very low field. These observations are consistent with breakdown occurring near the surface of the film, resulting in large-range surface treeing. When PVDF-HFP is the top layer, field intensification occurs deeper in the film, which is again consistent with the observed optical and FIB/SEM imaging results where less surface treeing and more internal damage is observed. The calculations suggest that the large contrast in field between adjacent layers generates a nexus for localized breakdown at the layer interfaces, again consistent with large internal voids formed by layer delamination in films subjected to divergent field breakdown. C1 [Lean, Meng H.] QEDone LLC, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Wolak, Mason A.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mackey, Matthew; Baer, Eric] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Ctr Layered Polymer Syst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Lean, MH (reprint author), QEDone LLC, 4174 Marston Lane, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. FU Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0064, N00014-12-WX20878, N00014-11-1-0251] FX Support by the Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research, grants N00014-13-1-0064, N00014-12-WX20878, and N00014-11-1-0251 are gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 EI 1558-4135 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD APR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 2 BP 800 EP 808 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2013.004119 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AF4JU UT WOS:000334678900046 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Alexandre, SM Cowart, JS Trulove, PC AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Alexandre, Sarah M. Cowart, Jim S. Trulove, Paul C. TI Density, Viscosity, Speed of Sound, Bulk Modulus, Surface Tension, and Flash Point of Binary Mixtures of n-Dodecane with 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane or 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LIQUID MIXTURES; NORMAL-ALKANES; FUEL; HYDROCARBONS; KEROSENE; TEMPERATURE; BIODIESEL AB In this work, the physical properties of binary mixtures of n-dodecane with 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane or 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane were measured and compared to properties of four hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) and hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) fuels. Density and viscosity were measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 393.15) K, and the speed of sound was measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 333.15) K. For the mixtures, the speed of sound at 293.15 K decreased (1297.6 to 1285.7) m.s(-1) as the mole fraction of 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane increased and decreased (1297.6 to 1203.6) m.s(-1) as the mole fraction of 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane increased. The bulk modulus was calculated from density and speed of sound data. Flash points for the mixtures ranged from (318 to 367) K, and surface tension values ranged from (21.8 to 25.3) mN.m(-1). When comparing to alternative fuels, two-component mixtures could be found to match the density and viscosity of HRJs and HRDs. The mixtures matched the speed of sound, bulk modulus, surface tension, and flash point of some of these hydrotreated fuels. These data suggest that binary mixtures of n-dodecane with branched alkanes may be suitable surrogates for renewable fuels. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Alexandre, Sarah M.; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cowart, Jim S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu; m140072@usna.edu; cowart@usna.edu; trulove@usna.edu OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD APR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1334 EP 1346 DI 10.1021/je5000132 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AF2VY UT WOS:000334571800047 ER PT J AU Sundaram, PA Jean, DL Sparks, EM Deeds, MA AF Sundaram, Paul A. Jean, Daniel L. Sparks, Earle M. Deeds, Michael A. TI Mechanical Response of Silicon MEMS Diaphragms to Applied Pressure SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Microelectromechanical devices; silicon; pressure measurement ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; INDENTATION; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; SENSORS; FRACTURE; SYSTEMS AB The response of silicon-based MEMS diaphragms to applied pressure was studied to determine their ability to effectively measure the extent of blast overpressure. Different pressures (0-100 psi) were applied to silicon diaphragms of different diameters (1200, 1500, and 2200 mu m) to study their mechanical response under both static and dynamic conditions using experimental and finite element analysis. A laser triangulation sensor was used to determine the diaphragm displacement as a function of blast pressure. High speed camera images were obtained to understand the response of the diaphragm at an applied blast pressure. Results show consistent behavior for deflections (10, 14, and 26 mu m, respectively, at 40 psi) under dynamic conditions. Finite element analysis indicates that the dynamic deflection is larger than the corresponding static deflection for the same applied pressures. Burst strengths were not consistent, although the diaphragms fractured at their circumferential edges and showed a small degree of plastic deformation. It also appears that the diaphragm manifests a hemispherical as well as a conical deflection depending on applied blast pressures. [2013-0173] C1 [Sundaram, Paul A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Jean, Daniel L.; Sparks, Earle M.; Deeds, Michael A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sundaram, PA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM paul.sundaram@upr.edu; daniel.jean@navy.mil; earle.sparks@navy.mil; michael.deeds@navy.mil FU ONR-ASEE Summer Faculty Research Fellowship; Fuze Department at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division in Maryland FX This work was supported in part by the 2012 ONR-ASEE Summer Faculty Research Fellowship, and in part by the Fuze Department at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division in Maryland. Subject Editor S. Merlo. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2013.2279503 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AF2EU UT WOS:000334526200012 ER PT J AU Downey, RH Karunasiri, G AF Downey, Richard H. Karunasiri, Gamani TI Reduced Residual Stress Curvature and Branched Comb Fingers Increase Sensitivity of MEMS Acoustic Sensor SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic; MEMS; Sound sensor; capacitive readout ID FLY ORMIA-OCHRACEA; DIRECTIONAL HEARING AB We present an enhanced in-plane capacitive readout for sensing out-of-plane displacement in a MEMS acoustic sensor. The sensor is fabricated in a multi-user silicon-on-insulator process, using a thicker device layer to reduce misalignment between moving and fixed comb fingers. This misalignment is found to reduce the sensitivity and render the response nonlinear. In addition, incorporation of a branched comb design doubles the readout capacitor surface area for a given sensor size, to further increase the sensitivity. These two modifications restore linearity to the readout and increase its sensitivity to displacement by an order of magnitude. [2013-0191] C1 [Downey, Richard H.; Karunasiri, Gamani] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Downey, RH (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rhd@alum.mit.edu; karunasiri@nps.edu FU National Consortium for MASINT Research; U.S. Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Fellowship FX This work was supported by a National Consortium for MASINT Research grant. The work of R. H. Downey was supported by a U.S. Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Fellowship. Subject Editor N. F. de Rooij. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2013.2279017 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AF2EU UT WOS:000334526200019 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI Special Operations in World War II: British and American Irregular Warfare. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Porch, Douglas] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2014 VL 78 IS 2 BP 815 EP 816 PG 2 WC History SC History GA AE7CK UT WOS:000334154100055 ER PT J AU Blinova, AI Zega, TJ Herd, CDK Stroud, RM AF Blinova, Alexandra I. Zega, Thomas J. Herd, Christopher D. K. Stroud, Rhonda M. TI Testing variations within the Tagish Lake meteorite-I: Mineralogy and petrology of pristine samples SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CM CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; PARENT BODY ALTERATION; FINE-GRAINED RIMS; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MICROPROBE ANALYSES; MODAL MINERALOGY; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Four samples (TL5b, TL11h, TL11i, and TL11v) from the pristine collection of the Tagish Lake meteorite, an ungrouped C2 chondrite, were studied to characterize and understand its alteration history using EPMA, XRD, and TEM. We determined that samples TL11h and TL11i have a relatively smaller proportion of amorphous silicate material than sample TL5b, which experienced low-temperature hydrous parent-body alteration conditions to preserve this indigenous material. The data suggest that lithic fragments of TL11i experienced higher degrees of aqueous alteration than the rest of the matrix, based on its low porosity and high abundance of coarse- and fine-grained sheet silicates, suggesting that TL11i was present in an area of the parent body where alteration and brecciation were more extensive. We identified a coronal, "flower"-like, microstructure consisting of a fine-grained serpentine core and coarse-grained saponite-serpentine radial arrays, suggesting varied fluid chemistry and crystallization time scales. We also observed pentlandite with different morphologies: an exsolved morphology formed under nebular conditions; a nonexsolved pentlandite along grain boundaries; a "bulls-eye" sulfide morphology and rims around highly altered chondrules that probably formed by multiple precipitation episodes during low-temperature aqueous alteration (>= 100 degrees C) on the parent body. On the basis of petrologic and mineralogic observations, we conclude that the Tagish Lake parent body initially contained a heterogeneous mixture of anhydrous precursor minerals of nebular and presolar origin. These materials were subjected to secondary, nonpervasive parent-body alteration, and the samples studied herein represent different stages of that hydrous alteration, i.e., TL5b (the least altered)TL11hTL11i (the most altered). Sample TL11v encompasses the petrologic characteristics of the other three specimens. C1 [Blinova, Alexandra I.; Herd, Christopher D. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Zega, Thomas J.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blinova, AI (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1-23 Earth Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM blinova@ualberta.ca RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU Carnegie Institution of Canada; NASA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; CGS D3 NSERC; Alberta Ingenuity doctoral scholarships; Dissertation Fellowship FX We thank the following people from the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, who helped us with various stages of this project: Sergei Matveev helped with EPMA; Diane Caird and Andrew Locock helped with XRD. AB thank Fred Wicks, and Barbara and Gordon Cressey for in-depth discussions on the nature of serpentines. The authors thank Emma Bullock for helping with SEM. Travel to the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C., was generously supported by the Carnegie Institution of Canada grant to Larry Nittler. This project was supported by the following organizations: NASA Astrobiology grant to Carnegie Institution of Washington; NASA Origins and Cosmochemistry grants to TJZ and RMS; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada grant to CDKH; and CGS D3 NSERC, the Alberta Ingenuity doctoral scholarships and Dissertation Fellowship to AB. We thank Adrian Brearley, Lysa Chizmadia, and Mike Zolensky for their detailed reviews of the original manuscript, which resulted in a much improved final version on this paper. NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 473 EP 502 DI 10.1111/maps.12271 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AF4KG UT WOS:000334680200001 ER PT J AU Thomsen, CJ Rabenhorst, MM McCarthy, RJ Milner, JS Travis, WJ Foster, RE Copeland, CW AF Thomsen, Cynthia J. Rabenhorst, Mandy M. McCarthy, Randy J. Milner, Joel S. Travis, Wendy J. Foster, Rachel E. Copeland, Carol W. TI Child Maltreatment Before and After Combat-Related Deployment Among Active-Duty United States Air Force Maltreating Parents SO PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE deployment; child maltreatment; Air Force; Operation Iraqi Freedom; Operation Enduring Freedom ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; MILITARY; STRESS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; SOLDIERS; ABUSE; ADVERSITY AB Objective: To conduct the first population-based study comparing the frequency of child maltreatment among active-duty United States Air Force (USAF) maltreating parents before and after combat-related deployment. Method: By combining archival databases, we identified 2,287 children with a total of 2,563 substantiated maltreatment incidents perpetrated by USAF parents who deployed during an 85-month study period during Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom. Results: Contrary to expectations, overall the frequency of child maltreatment was significantly lower after than before deployment, and this pattern did not vary as a function of the number of combat-related deployments. Further, the frequency of child maltreatment was lower postdeployment relative to predeployment for emotional abuse, mild neglect, and maltreatment not involving alcohol, but the frequency was higher postdeployment for child sexual abuse and severe child neglect, particularly when severe child neglect involved alcohol. Conclusions: In general, among children who experienced parental maltreatment by a deploying USAF parent, milder forms of child maltreatment were less common postdeployment, whereas severe types of child maltreatment were more common. Possible explanations implicate predeployment differences in resources and functioning or postdeployment differences in posttraumatic growth and maturation between parental perpetrators of mild versus more severe maltreatment. Postdeployment child maltreatment surveillance efforts should be vigilant for signs of severe forms of child maltreatment, which appear to be most likely to increase. C1 [Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Rabenhorst, Mandy M.; McCarthy, Randy J.; Milner, Joel S.] No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Travis, Wendy J.; Foster, Rachel E.; Copeland, Carol W.] US Air Force Family Advocacy Program, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Thomsen, CJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.thomsen@med.navy.mil NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 2152-0828 EI 2152-081X J9 PSYCHOL VIOLENCE JI Psychol. Violence PD APR PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1037/a0031766 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Criminology & Penology; Family Studies SC Psychology; Criminology & Penology; Family Studies GA AF5EF UT WOS:000334736100003 ER PT J AU Willauer, H AF Willauer, Heather TI Transforming Seawater into Designer Fuel Heather Willauer SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willauer, H (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 55 IS 4 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AG0GQ UT WOS:000335094300011 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Colaninno, R AF Wang, Y. -M. Colaninno, R. TI IS SOLAR CYCLE 24 PRODUCING MORE CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS THAN CYCLE 23? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere; sunspots ID CATALOG; CMES; FLUX AB Although sunspot numbers are roughly a factor of two lower in the current cycle than in cycle 23, the rate of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) appears to be at least as high in 2011-2013 as during the corresponding phase of the previous cycle, according to three catalogs that list events observed with the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO). However, the number of CMEs detected is sensitive to such factors as the image cadence and the tendency (especially by human observers) to under-/overcount small or faint ejections during periods of high/low activity. In contrast to the total number, the total mass of CMEs is determined mainly by larger events. Using the mass measurements of 11,000 CMEs given in the manual CDAW catalog, we find that the mass loss rate remains well correlated with the sunspot number during cycle 24. In the case of the automated CACTus and SEEDS catalogs, the large increase in the number of CMEs during cycle 24 is almost certainly an artifact caused by the near-doubling of the LASCO image cadence after mid-2010. We confirm that fast CMEs undergo a much stronger solar-cycle variation than slow ones, and that the relative frequency of slow and less massive CMEs increases with decreasing sunspot number. We conclude that cycle 24 is not only producing fewer CMEs than cycle 23, but that these ejections also tend to be slower and less massive than those observed one cycle earlier. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.; Colaninno, R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; robin.colaninno@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; ONR FX We are greatly indebted to B. Bourgoignie, P. Hess, P. Lamy, J. G. Luhmann, G. Michalek, G. J. D. Petrie, I. G. Richardson, A. Vourlidas, and J. Zhang for informative discussions and for providing data. This work was supported by NASA and ONR. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 2 AR L27 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/784/2/L27 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AD5ZX UT WOS:000333333400010 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Poludnenko, AY Oran, ES Williams, FA AF Gamezo, Vadim N. Poludnenko, Alexei Y. Oran, Elaine S. Williams, Forman A. TI Transverse waves resulting from pulsating instability of two-dimensional flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Pulsating flame instability ID CONDENSED PHASE; REACTION FRONT; PROPAGATION; COMBUSTION; DETONATIONS AB We present results of fully compressible Navier-Stokes simulations of pulsating flame instabilities in two dimensions using single-step, first-order Arrhenius kinetics. Model parameters correspond to Zel'dovich and Lewis numbers of Ze = 9.5 and Le = 10, respectively, and flame Mach numbers M-L between 4.62 x 10(-3) and 2.31 x 10(-2). The results show that the pulsating instability creates two types of transverse waves: deflagrations and detonations. Both types of waves can coexist for the same reactive system, but transverse detonations become more likely as M-L increases. The transverse detonations observed for our model system are of the intermediate type with most of the chemical energy release accompanying the pressure rise. They propagate inside the large preheat zone of the pulsating flame and do not spread into cold material. The results expand our knowledge of possible new phenomena associated with pulsating instability. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Gamezo, Vadim N.; Poludnenko, Alexei Y.] Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oran, Elaine S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Williams, Forman A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gamezo@lcp.nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research award [F1ATA02087G001]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration award [NNH12AT33I]; Office of Naval Research / Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research award F1ATA02087G001, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration award NNH12AT33I issued through the Astrophysics Theory Program, and by the Office of Naval Research / Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program. Computing facilities were provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP 950 EP 957 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.027 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AE6IC UT WOS:000334092800009 ER PT J AU Frank, D Foster, D Chou, P Kao, YM Sou, IM Calantoni, J AF Frank, Donya Foster, Diane Chou, Pai Kao, Yu-Min Sou, In Mei Calantoni, Joseph TI Development and Evaluation of an Autonomous Sensor for the Observation of Sediment Motion SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Experimental design; Marine boundary layer; In situ oceanic observations; Waves, oceanic; Instrumentation/sensors ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; INCIPIENT MOTION; COMBINED WAVE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SHEET FLOW; BED AB Measurements within the mobile bed layer have been limited by previous Eulerian-based technologies. A microelectromechanical system device, called a smart sediment grain (SSG), that can measure and record Lagrangian observations of coastal sediments at incipient motion has been developed. These sensors have the potential to resolve fundamental hypotheses regarding the incipient motion of coastal sediments. Angle of repose experiments verified that the sensor enclosure has mobility characteristics similar to coarse gravel. Experiments conducted in a small oscillating flow tunnel verified that the sensors detect incipient motion under various hydrodynamic conditions. Evidence suggests the influence of pressure-gradient-induced sediment motion, contrary to the more commonly assumed bed shear stress criterion. Lagrangian measurements of rotation measured with the newly developed SSG agreed to within 5% of the rotation estimates made simultaneously with high-speed video cameras. C1 [Frank, Donya; Foster, Diane] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Chou, Pai] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Kao, Yu-Min] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Sou, In Mei] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Calantoni, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Frank, D (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM donya.frank@unh.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-0933409, CBET-0933694]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Office of Naval Research; Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan) [100-EC-17-A-04-S1-044] FX This work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants CBET-0933409 and CBET-0933694. Any opinions, or findings are the authors' and may not reflect the views of NSF. In Mei Sou was supported as a postdoctoral fellow through the National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Joseph Calantoni was supported under base funding to NRL from the Office of Naval Research. Yu-Min Kao was supported by a Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan) Grant 100-EC-17-A-04-S1-044. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1019 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00180.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6XX UT WOS:000334142400019 ER PT J AU Tadjer, MJ Mastro, MA Rojo, JM Mojena, AB Calle, F Kub, FJ Eddy, CR AF Tadjer, Marko J. Mastro, Michael A. Rojo, Jose M. Bosca Mojena, Alberto Calle, Fernando Kub, Francis J. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI MnO2-Based Electrochemical Supercapacitors on Flexible Carbon Substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Supercapacitor; manganese dioxide; carbon aerogel; voltammetry; specific capacitance ID ENERGY-STORAGE; MNO2; CAPACITORS; ELECTRODE; ZNO; NANOSTRUCTURES; FILMS AB Manganese dioxide films were grown on large area flexible carbon aerogel substrates. Characterization by x-ray diffraction confirmed alpha-MnO2 growth. Three types of films were compared as a function of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) concentration during growth. The highest concentration of HM TA produced MnO2 flower-like films, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, whose thickness and surface coverage lead to both a higher specific capacitance and higher series resistance. Specific capacitance was measured to be 64 F/g using a galvanostatic setup, compared to the 47 F/g-specific capacitance of the carbon aerogel substrate. Such supercapacitor devices can be fabricated on large area sheets of carbon aerogel to achieve high total capacitance. C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Tadjer, Marko J.; Bosca Mojena, Alberto; Calle, Fernando] Univ Politecn Madrid, ISOM, Madrid, Spain. [Mastro, Michael A.; Kub, Francis J.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rojo, Jose M.] CSIC, ICMM, Madrid, Spain. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM marko.tadjer.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI CALLE GOMEZ, FERNANDO/0000-0001-7869-6704; Rojo, Jose M./0000-0003-3392-2856 FU American Society for Engineering Education, Washington DC; PICATA program at the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (CEI), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain; Office of Naval Research (ONR); [MAT2011-25198]; [MP1004] FX M.J.T. acknowledges support from the American Society for Engineering Education, Washington DC, as well as the PICATA program at the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (CEI), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain. J.M.R. acknowledges support from projects MAT2011-25198 and MP1004. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1188 EP 1193 DI 10.1007/s11664-014-3047-z PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA AE7MR UT WOS:000334182700052 ER PT J AU Melcer, T Walker, J Sechriest, VF Lebedda, M Quinn, K Galarneau, M AF Melcer, Ted Walker, Jay Sechriest, V. Franklin, II Lebedda, Martin Quinn, Kimberly Galarneau, Michael TI Glasgow Coma Scores, Early Opioids, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Combat Amputees SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; SYMPTOMS; VETERANS; MORPHINE; PTSD AB A recent study found that combat amputees had a reduced prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with nonamputees with serious extremity injuries. We hypothesized that an extended period of impaired consciousness or early treatment with morphine could prevent consolidation of traumatic memory and the development of PTSD. To examine this hypothesis, we retrospectively reviewed 258 combat casualty records from the Iraq or Afghanistan conflicts from 2001-2008 in the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database, including medications and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores recorded at in-theater facilities within hours of the index injury. All patients sustained amputations from injuries. Psychological diagnoses were extracted from medical records for 24 months postinjury. None of 20 patients (0%) with GCS scores of 12 or lower had PTSD compared to 20% of patients with GCS scores of 12 or greater who did have PTSD. For patients with traumatic brain injury, those treated with intravenous morphine within hours of injury had a significantly lower prevalence of PTSD (6.3%) and mood disorders (15.6%) compared to patients treated with fentanyl only (prevalence of PTSD = 41.2%, prevalence of mood disorder = 47.1%). GCS scores and morphine and fentanyl treatments were not significantly associated with adjustment, anxiety, or substance abuse disorders. C1 [Melcer, Ted; Walker, Jay; Quinn, Kimberly; Galarneau, Michael] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling & Simulat & Mission Support, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Sechriest, V. Franklin, II] Orthoped Med Grp, San Diego, CA USA. [Lebedda, Martin] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Melcer, T (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Modeling & Simulat Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM ted.melcer@med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-9867 EI 1573-6598 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1002/jts.21909 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AF2II UT WOS:000334535400005 PM 24668780 ER PT J AU Lundin, JG Coneski, PN Fulmer, PA Wynne, JH AF Lundin, Jeffrey G. Coneski, Peter N. Fulmer, Preston A. Wynne, James H. TI Relationship between surface concentration of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium biocides in electrospun polymer fibers and biocidal activity SO REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Quaternary ammonium salt; Biocide; Electrospinning; Surface segregation; Nanofibers ID NYLON-6 NANOFIBERS; IONIC LIQUID; MORPHOLOGY; DIAMETER; PARAMETERS; COATINGS; CONDUCTIVITY; PROTECTION; MEMBRANES; TEXTILES AB Electrospinning was utilized to generate antimicrobial Nylon and polycarbonate fibers for potential applications including self-decontaminating fabrics, wound dressings, and filtration media. The effects of quaternary ammonium salt concentration on fiber morphology, diameter, and antimicrobial activity of the resulting fiber mats were investigated. Fibers were characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus. The co-electrospinning of soluble quaternary ammonium biocides within polymeric solutions generated uniform fibers with diameters ranging from 91 to 278 nm for Nylon and 0.55-2.34 mu m for polycarbonate. Fiber morphology and diameter of the resulting fibers were shown to be dependent on polymer type and biocide concentration. A positive correlation between surface concentration of quaternary ammonium salts and antimicrobial activity was observed as fibers loaded with biocides exhibited up to a 7 log reduction of viable bacteria. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lundin, Jeffrey G.; Coneski, Peter N.; Fulmer, Preston A.; Wynne, James H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Coneski, Peter N.] Amer Soc Engn Educ Postdoctoral Fellow, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6124, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.wynne@nrl.navy.mil RI Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors thank Dr. Kristen Steffens and Elissa Williams at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for invaluable assistance and expertise in XPS analysis. All work performed by PNC was done while under contract with the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-5148 EI 1873-166X J9 REACT FUNCT POLYM JI React. Funct. Polym. PD APR PY 2014 VL 77 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.02.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA AE6WZ UT WOS:000334140000006 ER PT J AU Cunha, JM AF Cunha, Jesse M. TI Testing Paternalism: Cash versus In-Kind Transfers SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER PROGRAMS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; PUBLIC PROVISION; PRIVATE GOODS; IMPACT; NUTRITION; MEXICO; REDISTRIBUTION; ECONOMICS; PROGRESA AB Welfare programs are often implemented in-kind to promote outcomes that might not be realized under cash transfers. This paper tests whether such paternalistically motivated transfers are justified compared to cash, using a randomized controlled trial of Mexico's food assistance program. In relation to total food consumption, the in-kind transfer was infra-marginal and nondistorting. However, the transfer contained ten food items, and there was large variation in the extent to which individual foods were extra-marginal and distorting. Small differences in the nutritional intake of women and children under in-kind transfers did not lead to meaningful differential improvements in health outcomes compared to cash. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cunha, JM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jessecunha@gmail.com NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 1945-7782 EI 1945-7790 J9 AM ECON J-APPL ECON JI Am. Econ. J.-Appl. Econ. PD APR PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 195 EP 230 DI 10.1257/app.6.2.195 PG 36 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AE4UL UT WOS:000333980000009 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, A Morgan, LB Coss-Adame, E Morrison, M Weinberger, P Postma, G AF O'Rourke, Ashli Morgan, Lori B. Coss-Adame, Enrique Morrison, Michele Weinberger, Paul Postma, Gregory TI The Effect of Voluntary Pharyngeal Swallowing Maneuvers on Esophageal Swallowing Physiology SO DYSPHAGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting and Post-Graduate Course of the Dysphagia-Research-Society CY MAR 07-12, 2012 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Dysphagia Res Soc DE Esophageal peristalsis; Dysphagia; Swallowing maneuvers; High-resolution manometry; Deglutition; Deglutition disorders; Hypotensive peristalsis ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MANOMETRY; EFFORTFUL SWALLOW; PRESSURE TOPOGRAPHY; CHIN TUCK; ANESTHESIA; MOTILITY AB The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether swallowing maneuvers designed to impact pharyngeal physiology would also impact esophageal physiology. Healthy volunteers underwent high-resolution manometry while performing three randomized swallowing maneuvers with and without a 5-ml bolus: normal swallowing, Mendelsohn maneuver, and effortful swallowing. We examined esophageal parameters of peristaltic swallows, hypotensive or failed swallows ("nonperistaltic swallows"), distal contractile integral (DCI), contractile front velocity (CFV), intrabolus pressure, and transition zone (TZ) defect. Four females and six males (median age 39 years; range 25-53) were included in the study. The overall number of nonperistaltic swallows was 21/40 (53 %) during normal swallowing, 27/40 (66 %) during the Mendelsohn maneuver, and 13/40 (33 %) during effortful swallowing. There were significantly more overall nonperistaltic swallows with the Mendelsohn maneuver compared with effortful swallowing (p = 0.003). While swallowing a 5-ml bolus, there were more nonperistaltic swallows during the Mendelsohn maneuver (12/20, 60 %) compared to that during normal swallowing (6/20, 30 %) (p = 0.05) and more peristaltic swallows during effortful swallowing as compared to Mendelsohn maneuver (p = 0.003). Intrabolus esophageal pressure was greater during the Mendelsohn maneuver swallows in the bolus-swallowing condition as compared to normal swallowing (p = 0.02). There was no statistical difference in DCI, CFV, or TZ defect between swallowing conditions. The Mendelsohn maneuver may result in decreased esophageal peristalsis while effortful swallowing may improve esophageal peristalsis. Because it is important to understand the implications for the entire swallowing mechanism when considering retraining techniques for our patients, further investigation is warranted. C1 [O'Rourke, Ashli] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Evelyn Trammell Inst Voice & Swallowing, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Morgan, Lori B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Coss-Adame, Enrique] Georgia Regents Univ, Dept Gastroenterol, Augusta, GA USA. [Morrison, Michele] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Weinberger, Paul; Postma, Gregory] Georgia Regents Univ, Ctr Voice Airway & Swallowing Disorders, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Augusta, GA USA. RP O'Rourke, A (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Evelyn Trammell Inst Voice & Swallowing, 135 Rutledge Ave,Suite 1130, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM aorourke@musc.edu RI Weinberger, Paul/B-7007-2008 OI Weinberger, Paul/0000-0002-5885-2631 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0179-051X EI 1432-0460 J9 DYSPHAGIA JI Dysphagia PD APR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s00455-013-9505-6 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA AE6SS UT WOS:000334125800010 PM 24390651 ER PT J AU Weber, PW Howle, LE Murray, MM Reidenberg, JS Fish, FE AF Weber, Paul W. Howle, Laurens E. Murray, Mark M. Reidenberg, Joy S. Fish, Frank E. TI Hydrodynamic performance of the flippers of large- bodied cetaceans in relation to locomotor ecology SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; drag; lift; flipper; computed tomography; mysticete; odontocete; swim speed; Reynolds Number ID WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; KILLER WHALES; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; SPERM-WHALES; ODONTOCETE CETACEANS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; BALEEN WHALES; FIN WHALE; UNDERWATER AB Cetaceans evolved flippers that are unique in both size and shape probably due to selection pressures associated with foraging and body size. Flippers function as control surfaces for maneuverability and stability. Flippers of cetaceans and engineered hydrofoils are similar with streamlined cross-sections and wing-like planforms, which affect lift, drag and hydrodynamic efficiency. Scale models of the flippers from large-bodied (body length > 6m) cetaceans (fin whale, killer whale, sperm whale) were constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans of flippers. Flipper planforms were highly tapered for the fin whale, a rounded, paddle-like design for the killer whale, and a square geometry for the sperm whale. Hydrodynamic properties of the models at varying angles of attack (-40o to 40(o)) were determined in a water tunnel with a multi-axis load cell. The flippers were found to have hydrodynamic characteristics similar to engineered wings. Differences in flipper morphology of large-bodied cetaceans and their hydrodynamic performance are associated with the requirements of aquatic locomotion involved with ecology of the whales. The flippers of the killer whale provided the greatest maneuverability, whereas the flippers of the fin whale had low drag for lunging and the flippers of the sperm whale provided lift for diving. C1 [Weber, Paul W.; Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Mech Engn & Mat Sci Dept, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Murray, Mark M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Reidenberg, Joy S.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Ctr Anat & Funct Morphol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Fish, Frank E.] W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. RP Fish, FE (reprint author), W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. EM ffish@wcupa.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0640185]; Office of Naval Research; NOAA Prescott Marine Mammal Stranding Grant; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship through the Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant number IOS-0640185 to FEF (principal investigator), LEH and MMM, and the technical support staff of the United States Naval Academy. JSR was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research and a NOAA Prescott Marine Mammal Stranding Grant. PWW was supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship through the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank Aracelis Perez of Radiology Associates, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, for arranging/performing CT scanning of the fin whale flipper; Stacy Wallis at St. Joseph Hospital, Eureka, California, for arranging/performing CT scanning of the killer whale flipper, and David Wellman at Mad River Community Hospital, Arcata, California, for arranging/performing CT scanning of the sperm whale flipper. Thanks are also given to members of the National Marine Mammal Stranding Network for providing access for J.S.R. to obtain specimens from beach stranded whales; in particular, the Marine Mammal Stranding Center, Brigantine, New Jersey; Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, Connecticut; Riverhead Aquarium and Research Foundation, Riverhead, New York; Virginia Aquarium and Marine Science Center, Virginia Beach, Virginia. We appreciate the invaluable assistance of Jeff Jacobsen of the Vertebrate Museum of Humboldt State University, California, the United States Coast Guard, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers (specifically the Caven Point Facility, Port Liberty, New Jersey) in locating and recovering ship-struck specimens and facilitating their dissections. We also wish to thank Janet Fontanella and the three anonymous reviewers for their assistance with the manuscript. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 413 EP 432 DI 10.1111/mms.12040 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800001 ER PT J AU Ware, C Wiley, DN Friedlaender, AS Weinrich, M Hazen, EL Bocconcelli, A Parks, SE Stimpert, AK Thompson, MA Abernathy, K AF Ware, Colin Wiley, David N. Friedlaender, Ari S. Weinrich, Mason Hazen, Elliott L. Bocconcelli, Alessandro Parks, Susan E. Stimpert, Alison K. Thompson, Mike A. Abernathy, Kyler TI Bottom side-roll feeding by humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae) in the southern Gulf of Maine, U. S. A. SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; bottom feeding; bottom side-rolls; coordination; entanglement ID ACOUSTIC RECORDING TAG; AMERICAN SAND LANCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FIN WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; LATERALIZED BEHAVIOR; STELLWAGEN BANK; BALEEN WHALES; LUNGE AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known for the variety and complexity of their feeding behaviors. Here we report on the use of synchronous motion and acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) to provide the first detailed kinematic descriptions of humpback whales using bottom side-rolls (BSRs) to feed along the seafloor. We recorded 3,505 events from 19 animals (individual range 8-722). By animal, mean BSR duration ranged from 14.1 s to 36.2 s.; mean body roll angle from 80o to 121o, and mean pitch from 7o to 38o. The median interval between sequential BSRs, by animal, ranged from 24.0 s to 63.6 s and animals tended to maintain a consistent BSR heading during long BSR series encompassing multiple dives. BSRs were most frequent between 2200 and 0400. We identify three classes of behavior: simple side-roll, side-roll inversion, and repetitive scooping. Results indicate that BSR feeding is a common technique in the study area and there is both coordination and noncoordination between animals. We argue that this behavior is not lunge feeding as normally characterized, because animals are moving slowly through the event. The behavior also leads to vulnerability to entanglement in bottom-set fishing gear, a major mortality factor for the species. C1 [Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wiley, David N.; Thompson, Mike A.] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean Serv, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Weinrich, Mason] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bocconcelli, Alessandro] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parks, Susan E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Abernathy, Kyler] Natl Geog Televis, Nat Hist Unit, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ware, C (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM cware@ccom.unh.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X FU ONR grant [ONR N0014091601]; NOAA Grant [NA05NOS4001153]; Office of Naval Research grant [N00014-08-0630]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; Office of National Marine Sanctuaries FX Funding for TrackPlot development was provided by an ONR grant to Colin Ware (ONR N0014091601) and from NOAA Grant #NA05NOS4001153 to the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping. Field work and analysis was supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-08-0630 (to SEP, DW), National Oceanographic Partnership Program (to DW), the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. We also thank the various members of our field team over the years, including Roland Arsenault, Pat Halpin, Tom Hurst, Just Moller, Cara Pecarcik, Allison Rosner, Kate Sardi, Jamison Smith, Jennifer Tackaberry, Becky Woodward, Jeremy Winn, Theresa Kirchner, and the ship and technical crews of the NOAA R/V Nancy Foster and NOAA R/V Auk. Whale tag data were collected under Permit Nos. 775-185 (Northeast Fisheries Science Centre) and 605-1904 (Whale Centre of New England) issued by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 494 EP 511 DI 10.1111/mms.12053 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800006 ER PT J AU Shorter, KA Murray, MM Johnson, M Moore, M Howle, LE AF Shorter, K. Alex Murray, Mark M. Johnson, Mark Moore, Michael Howle, Laurens E. TI Drag of suction cup tags on swimming animals: Modeling and measurement SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bio-logging; CFD; hydrodynamic tag design; suction cups ID PERFORMANCE; PENGUINS; BEHAVIOR; DEVICES; WHALES; SEA; CETACEANS; TELEMETRY; SURFACES; SPEED AB Bio-logging tags are widely used to study the behavior and movements of marine mammals with the tacit assumption of little impact to the animal. However, tags on fast-swimming animals generate substantial hydrodynamic forces potentially affecting behavior and energetics adversely, or promoting early removal of the tag. In this work, hydrodynamic loading of three novel tag housing designs are compared over a range of swimming speeds using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results from CFD simulation were verified using tag models in a water flume with close agreement. Drag forces were reduced by minimizing geometric disruptions to the flow around the housing, while lift forces were reduced by minimizing the frontal cross-sectional area of the housing and holding the tag close to the attachment surface. Hydrodynamic tag design resulted in an experimentally measured 60% drag force reduction in 5.6 m/s flow. For all housing designs, off-axis flow increased the magnitude of the force on the tag. Experimental work with a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) cadaver indicates that the suction cups used to attach the types of tags described here provide sufficient attachment force to resist failure to predicted forces at swimming speeds of up to 10 m/s. C1 [Shorter, K. Alex] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Murray, Mark M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Johnson, Mark] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Johnson, Mark] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Moore, Michael] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] BelleQuant Engn PLLC, Mebane, NC 27302 USA. RP Shorter, KA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kshorter@whoi.edu RI Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 FU NOPP; NSF funds through ONR Grant [N00014-11-1-0113]; MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland); Scottish Funding Council [HR09011] FX This work was supported by NOPP with NSF funds through ONR Grant N00014-11-1-0113. The authors would also like to thank Tom Hurst, Enric Xargay, and Giovanni Fiore for helpful discussions, and Don Bunker and John Zseleczky of the United States Naval Academy Hydro Lab for their help with the water tunnel experiments. MJ was supported by NOPP and the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland). MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 726 EP 746 DI 10.1111/mms.12083 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800019 ER PT J AU Jin, H Peng, MS Jin, Y Doyle, JD AF Jin, Hao Peng, Melinda S. Jin, Yi Doyle, James D. TI An Evaluation of the Impact of Horizontal Resolution on Tropical Cyclone Predictions Using COAMPS-TC SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Hurricanes/typhoons; Cloud resolving models; Mesoscale models; Cloud parameterizations ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; INTENSITY CHANGES; MODEL; FORECASTS; MESOSCALE; DIFFERENTIATION; SIMULATION; HURRICANES; TURBULENCE; SYSTEM AB A series of experiments have been conducted using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System-Tropical Cyclone (COAMPS-TC) to assess the impact of horizontal resolution on hurricane intensity prediction for 10 Atlantic storms during the 2005 and 2007 hurricane seasons. The results of this study from the Hurricane Katrina (2005) simulations indicate that the hurricane intensity and structure are very sensitive to the horizontal grid spacing (9 and 3 km) and underscore the need for cloud microphysics to capture the structure, especially for strong storms with small-diameter eyes and large pressure gradients. The high resolution simulates stronger vertical motions, a more distinct upper-level warm core, stronger upper-level outflow, and greater finescale structure associated with deep convection, including spiral rainbands and the secondary circulation. A vortex Rossby wave (VRW) spectrum analysis is performed on the simulated 10-m winds and the NOAA/Hurricane Research Division (HRD) Real-Time Hurricane Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) to evaluate the impact of horizontal resolution. The degree to which the VRWs are adequately resolved near the TC inner core is addressed and the associated resolvable wave energy is explored at different grid resolutions. The fine resolution is necessary to resolve higher-wavenumber modes of VRWs to preserve more wave energy and, hence, to attain a more detailed eyewall structure. The wind-pressure relationship from the high-resolution simulations is in better agreement with the observations than are the coarse-resolution simulations for the strong storms. Two case studies are analyzed and overall the statistical analyses indicate that high resolution is beneficial for TC intensity and structure forecasts, while it has little impact on track forecasts. C1 [Jin, Hao; Peng, Melinda S.; Jin, Yi; Doyle, James D.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jin, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hao.jin@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research's (ONR) Program Element (PE) [0602435N]; NOAA FX We thank reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. The authors appreciate discussions with Dr. Richard Hodur of the Science Application International Corporation, and Drs. Jon Moskaitis and Chi-Sann Liou at NRL. We acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research's (ONR) Program Element (PE) 0602435N, as well as the NOAA-sponsored Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. The computational resources are provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 252 EP 270 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00054.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5GZ UT WOS:000334017100005 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Tsai, HC Jordan, MS AF Elsberry, Russell L. Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Jordan, Mary S. TI Extended-Range Forecasts of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Events during 2012 Using the ECMWF 32-Day Ensemble Predictions* SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Ensembles; Forecast verification/skill; Forecasting; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INTRASEASONAL TIMESCALES; TRACK PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY AB Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 51-member, 32-day ensemble to forecast tropical cyclone (TC) events (formation and tracks) in the western North Pacific on the extended range (5-30 days). In this study, the performance of the ECMWF ensemble in extended-range forecasting of Atlantic TCs during May-December 2012 is evaluated using similar approaches. The conclusion from this evaluation is that Atlantic TC events have lower forecastability using the ECMWF ensemble than in the western North Pacific. Hurricanes Kirk and Leslie and Tropical Storms (TSs) Joyce and Oscar were successfully forecast in weeks 1-4 and, thus, are labeled as highly forecastable. Somewhat forecastable storms that are only forecast in three of the four weeks include Hurricanes Ernesto, Isaac, Nadine, and Sandy plus TS Florence. The limited forecastable storms that were successful in only the first two weeks include Hurricanes Gordon and Rafael plus TS Debby. The surprising result was that two hurricanes (Chris and Michael) and three TSs (Helene, Patty, and Tony) were not even forecast in week 1 before the starting time in the National Hurricane Center working best track (WBT) for these storms. As was the case in the western North Pacific, a substantial number of false alarm storms (no matches with any WBT) are predicted, with about 35% occurring in the first week. Except for the African wave-type false alarms, three other false alarm types may be easily recognized. A larger sample will be required to statistically verify the reliability of the probabilistic forecasts for the African wave-type ensemble storms. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.; Tsai, Hsiao-Chung; Jordan, Mary S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu FU Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research FX Dr. Hsiao-Chung Tsai is a National Research Council postdoctoral research associate. He and coauthors Russell Elsberry and Mary Jordan are supported with funding from the Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research. Dr. Frederic Vitart of the ECMWF has been instrumental in the provision of real-time access to the ensemble predictions. Dr. Jack Beven of NHC provided some insights as to physical processes involved in Hurricane Rafael and Sandy. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent manuscript preparation support. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 271 EP 288 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00104.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5GZ UT WOS:000334017100006 ER PT J AU Loehr, NA Niese, E AF Loehr, Nicholas A. Niese, Elizabeth TI New combinatorial formulations of the shuffle conjecture SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Labeled Dyck paths; Parking functions; Diagonal harmonics ID DIAGONAL HARMONICS; HILBERT SERIES; CHARACTER; POINTS AB The shuffle conjecture (due to Haglund, Haiman, Loehr, Remmel, and Ulyanov) provides a combinatorial formula for the Frobenius series of the diagonal harmonics module DHn , which is the symmetric function del(e(n)). This formula is a sum over all labeled Dyck paths of terms built from combinatorial statistics called area, dinv, and IDes. We provide three new combinatorial formulations of the shuffle conjecture based on other statistics on labeled paths, parking functions, and related objects. Each such reformulation arises by introducing an appropriate new definition of the inverse descent set. Analogous results are proved for the higher-order shuffle conjecture involving del(m)(e(n)). We also give new versions of some recently proposed combinatorial formulas for del(C alpha) and del((s)(k,1((n-1)))), which translate expansions based on the dinv statistic into equivalent expansions based on Haglund's bounce statistic. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Loehr, Nicholas A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Loehr, Nicholas A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Niese, Elizabeth] Marshall Univ, Dept Math, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. RP Loehr, NA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM nloehr@math.vt.edu; niese@marshall.edu OI Niese, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3596-5630 FU Simons Foundation [244398] FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#244398 to Nicholas Loehr). NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0196-8858 EI 1090-2074 J9 ADV APPL MATH JI Adv. Appl. Math. PD APR PY 2014 VL 55 BP 22 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.aam.2013.12.003 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AE2CM UT WOS:000333780900002 ER PT J AU Ames, AD Galloway, K Sreenath, K Grizzle, JW AF Ames, Aaron D. Galloway, Kevin Sreenath, Koushil Grizzle, Jessy W. TI Rapidly Exponentially Stabilizing Control Lyapunov Functions and Hybrid Zero Dynamics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bipeds; Lyapunov functions; nonlinear control; robotics ID STABLE PERIODIC-ORBITS; TO-STATE STABILITY; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; WALKING; THEOREM; DESIGN; RABBIT; ROBOTS; STEPS AB This paper addresses the problem of exponentially stabilizing periodic orbits in a special class of hybrid models-systems with impulse effects-through controlLyapunov functions. The periodic orbit is assumed to lie in a C-1 submanifold Z that is contained in the zero set of an output function and is invariant under both the continuous and discrete dynamics; the associated restriction dynamics are termed the hybrid zero dynamics. The orbit is furthermore assumed to be exponentially stable within the hybrid zero dynamics. Prior results on the stabilization of such periodic orbits with respect to the full-order dynamics of the system with impulse effects have relied on input-output linearization of the dynamics transverse to the zero dynamics manifold. The principal result of this paper demonstrates that a variant of control Lyapunov functions that enforce rapid exponential convergence to the zero dynamics surface, Z can be used to achieve exponential stability of the periodic orbit in the full-order dynamics, thereby significantly extending the class of stabilizing controllers. The main result is illustrated on a hybrid model of a bipedal walking robot through simulations and is utilized to experimentally achieve bipedal locomotion via control Lyapunov functions. C1 [Ames, Aaron D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Galloway, Kevin] US Naval Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sreenath, Koushil] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sreenath, Koushil] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Grizzle, Jessy W.] Univ Michigan, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Control Syst Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ames, AD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM aames@tamu.edu; kgal-lowa@usna.edu; koushils@cmu.edu; grizzle@umich.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-0953823, CNS-1136104, ECCS 1231171]; NHARP project [000512-0184-2009]; NASA [NNX12AB58G]; DARPA [W91CRB-11-1-0002]; CMU departmental startup funds FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants CNS-0953823 and CNS-1136104, NHARP project 000512-0184-2009 and NASA contract NNX12AB58G, in part by DARPA Contract W91CRB-11-1-0002 and in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award ECCS 1231171, and by CMU departmental startup funds. Recommend by Associate Editor D. Hristu-Varsakelis. NR 56 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD APR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 876 EP 891 DI 10.1109/TAC.2014.2299335 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA AD8QG UT WOS:000333530100004 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF AF Jiang, Qingfang TI Applicability of Reduced-Gravity Shallow-Water Theory to Atmospheric Flow over Topography SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Shallow-water equations; Waves, atmospheric; Mesoscale systems; Mountain waves; Nonlinear dynamics ID INTERNAL HYDRAULIC JUMP; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WAVE BREAKING; HYDROSTATIC FLOW; GAP WINDS; VALLEY; WAKES; LEE; DISTURBANCES; DYNAMICS AB Applicability of the reduced-gravity shallow-water (RGSW) theory to a shallow atmospheric layer capped by an inversion underneath a deep stratified atmosphere over a two-dimensional ridge has been investigated using linear analysis and nonlinear numerical simulations. Two key nondimensional parameters are identified: namely, and , where g ' is the reduced-gravity acceleration; H-0 is the RGSW layer depth; and N and U are the buoyancy frequency and wind speed, respectively, in the layer above the inversion. If J and gamma are around unity or larger, the response of the RGSW flow over the ridge can be significantly modified by pressure perturbations aloft. Any jumplike perturbations in the RGSW layer rapidly decay while propagating away from the ridge as the perturbation energy radiates into the upper layer. With J and gamma much less than unity, RGSW theory is more adequate for describing RGSW flows. In addition, inversion splitting occurs downstream of a jump when , where N-i is the buoyancy frequency in the inversion and h(m) stands for the ridge height. A less stratified upper layer with slower winds in general has less influence on the RGSW flow below and favors the application of the RGSW theory. For a thick inversion (d), the equivalent RGSW flow depth is approximately given by H + d/2, where H is the depth of the neutral layer below the inversion. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N] FX This research is supported by NRL Base Program PE 0601153N. The author has greatly benefited from discussions with Drs. James Doyle at Naval Research Laboratory and Ronald Smith at Yale University. We want to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The simulations were made using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System(COAMPS) developed by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1460 EP 1479 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0101.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7KG UT WOS:000333442100014 ER PT J AU Orzech, M Veeramony, J Flampouris, S AF Orzech, Mark Veeramony, Jay Flampouris, Stylianos TI Optimizing spectral wave estimates with adjoint-based sensitivity maps SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Sensitivity map; Data assimilation; Numerical adjoint; SWAN; SWANFAR; Wave spectra ID CIRCULATION; MODEL AB A discrete numerical adjoint has recently been developed for the stochastic wave model SWAN. In the present study, this adjoint code is used to construct spectral sensitivity maps for two nearshore domains. The maps display the correlations of spectral energy levels throughout the domain with the observed energy levels at a selected location or region of interest (LOI/ROI), providing a full spectrum of values at all locations in the domain. We investigate the effectiveness of sensitivity maps based on significant wave height (H (s) ) in determining alternate offshore instrument deployment sites when a chosen nearshore location or region is inaccessible. Wave and bathymetry datasets are employed from one shallower, small-scale domain (Duck, NC) and one deeper, larger-scale domain (San Diego, CA). The effects of seasonal changes in wave climate, errors in bathymetry, and multiple assimilation points on sensitivity map shapes and model performance are investigated. Model accuracy is evaluated by comparing spectral statistics as well as with an RMS skill score, which estimates a mean model-data error across all spectral bins. Results indicate that data assimilation from identified high-sensitivity alternate locations consistently improves model performance at nearshore LOIs, while assimilation from low-sensitivity locations results in lesser or no improvement. Use of sub-sampled or alongshore-averaged bathymetry has a domain-specific effect on model performance when assimilating from a high-sensitivity alternate location. When multiple alternate assimilation locations are used from areas of lower sensitivity, model performance may be worse than with a single, high-sensitivity assimilation point. C1 [Orzech, Mark; Veeramony, Jay] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Flampouris, Stylianos] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Orzech, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM mark.orzech@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; 6.2 NRL Core Project "Improving Wave Predictions Using Data Assimilation in a Spectral Wave Model", Program [0602435N] FX This work was funded by a Karles Fellowship grant from the Naval Research Laboratory and through the 6.2 NRL Core Project "Improving Wave Predictions Using Data Assimilation in a Spectral Wave Model", Program Element #0602435N. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their many constructive suggestions and Dr. Hans Ngodock for his consistently helpful advice, input, and tutelage. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 487 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0700-2 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AD8SZ UT WOS:000333537200002 ER PT J AU Knox, JB Orchowski, JR Scher, DL Owens, BD Burks, R Belmont, PJ AF Knox, Jeffrey B. Orchowski, Joseph R. Scher, Danielle L. Owens, Brett D. Burks, Robert Belmont, Philip J., Jr. TI Occupational driving as a risk factor for low back pain in active-duty military service members SO SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Low back pain; Epidemiology; Motor vehicle operator ID WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION; URBAN TRANSIT OPERATORS; TAXI DRIVERS; NECK PAIN; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; PHYSICAL WORKLOAD; NATIONAL SURVEYS; UNITED-STATES; BUS DRIVERS AB BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although occupational driving has been associated with low back pain, little has been reported on the incidence rates for this disorder. PURPOSE: To determine the incidence rate and demographic risk factors of low back pain in an ethnically diverse and physically active population of US military vehicle operators. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective database analysis. PATIENT SAMPLE: All active-duty military service members between 1998 and 2006. OUTCOME MEASURES: Low back pain requiring visit to a health-care provider. METHODS: A query was performed using the US Defense Medical Epidemiology Database for the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code for low back pain (724.20). Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the rate of low back pain among military vehicle operators and control subjects per 1,000 person-years, while controlling for sex, race, rank, service, age, and marital status. RESULTS: A total of 8,447,167 person-years of data were investigated. The overall unadjusted low back pain incidence rate for military members whose occupation is vehicle operator was 54.2 per 1,000 person-years. Compared with service members with other occupations, motor vehicle operators had a significantly increased adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for low back pain of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.17). Female motor vehicle operators, compared with males, had a significantly increased adjusted IRR for low back pain of 1.45 (95% CI 1.39-1.52). With senior enlisted as the referent category, the junior enlisted rank group of motor vehicle operators had a significantly increased adjusted IRR for low back pain: 1.60 (95% CI 1.52-1.70). Compared with Marine service members, those motor vehicle operators in both the Army, 2.74 (95% CI 2.60-2.89), and the Air Force, 1.98 (95% CI 1.84-2.14), had a significantly increased adjusted IRR for low back pain. The adjusted IRRs for the less than 20-year and more than 40-year age groups, compared with the 30- to 39-year age group, were 1.24 (1.15-1.36) and 1.23 (1.10-1.38), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Motor vehicle operators have a small but statistically significantly increased rate of low back pain compared with matched control population. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Knox, Jeffrey B.; Orchowski, Joseph R.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Scher, Danielle L.; Belmont, Philip J., Jr.] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthopaed Surg Serv, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. [Owens, Brett D.] Keller Army Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Burks, Robert] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Knox, JB (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM jeffrey.bruce.knox@us.army.mil OI Belmont, Philip/0000-0003-2618-199X NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1529-9430 EI 1878-1632 J9 SPINE J JI Spine Journal PD APR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.06.029 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA AD6YB UT WOS:000333406300006 PM 23992937 ER PT J AU Mora, P Heeb, N Kastner, J Gutmark, EJ Kailasanath, K AF Mora, Pablo Heeb, N. Kastner, Jeff Gutmark, Ephraim J. Kailasanath, K. TI Impact of Heat on the Pressure Skewness and Kurtosis in Supersonic Jets SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT MIXING NOISE; SHOCK FORMATION; PROPAGATION; RADIATION AB Mach wave radiation and crackle are dominant noise components from high-speed jets, found in both high-power engines and scale nozzles. The statistics of the pressure signal and its time derivative (dP/dt) have been widely studied to identify and quantify crackle. In this paper, we investigate the impact of operating condition on the overall sound pressure level, skewness, and kurtosis of the pressure and dP/dt signals of a jet issuing from an Md=1.5 converging-diverging conical nozzle. The effect of temperature and nonideal expansion were independently investigated. An increase in convective Mach number Mc, achieved by increasing either jet temperature or nozzle pressure ratio, proved to be related to elevated values of overall sound pressure level, skewness, and kurtosis, in both the near and far fields. The peak values of overall sound pressure level, skewness levels, and kurtosis levels were found to propagate at different angles for cold jets, but at elevated temperature, the directivity was more similar. From here, it was concluded that the intense levels of the dP/dt high-order statistics appear to be generated at different locations in the shear layer of the jet and strengthen away from the jet by nonlinear propagation effects. C1 [Mora, Pablo; Heeb, N.; Gutmark, Ephraim J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kastner, Jeff] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Engn Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kailasanath, K.] US Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mora, P (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM morapa@mail.uc.edu; heebns@mail.uc.edu; kastnejy@ucmail.uc.edu; ephraim.gutmark@uc.edu; kailas@lcp.nrl.navy.mil OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU Office of Naval Research through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss program; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area FX This research has been sponsored by the Office of Naval Research through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss program as well as the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 4 BP 777 EP 787 DI 10.2514/1.J052612 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AD0YI UT WOS:000332960100010 ER PT J AU Heeb, N Gutmark, E Liu, J Kailasanath, K AF Heeb, N. Gutmark, E. Liu, J. Kailasanath, K. TI Fluidically Enhanced Chevrons for Supersonic Jet Noise Reduction SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-ASSOCIATED NOISE; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT FLOWS; NOZZLE; FCT AB An experimental and computational investigation of a combination of fluidic injection and chevrons (fluidically enhanced chevrons) for supersonic jet noise reduction was performed. Previous studies have shown that chevrons underperform in overexpanded flow due to reductions in effective penetration. Consequently, this study focuses on improvements gained by fluidic enhancement in the overexpanded regime. Acoustic results indicated the fluidically enhanced chevrons outperform the chevrons, with additional overall sound pressure level reductions of 2dB in the upstream direction and nearly 1.5dB in the downstream direction. Spectral results indicated that primary benefits were in shock and low-frequency noise. A small high-frequency penalty was the only observed detriment. Time-averaged velocity and turbulence quantities as well as shock cell spacing, were computed by large-eddy simulation and then compared to particle imaging velocimetry and shadowgraph results. These flowfield measurements indicated that the fluidically enhanced chevrons modify the flowfield by reducing the shock cell spacing and shock strength and increasing the upstream jet half-width, peak and integrated turbulence values, and shear-layer thickness. These modifications were caused by the introduction of streamwise vortices with over four times the magnitude of the unenhanced chevrons. Noise reductions were attributed to flowfield modifications through the use of several theoretical models, such as Powell's screech formula. C1 [Heeb, N.; Gutmark, E.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Liu, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kailasanath, K.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heeb, N (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM heebns@mail.uc.edu; gutmarej@ucmail.uc.edu; jhliu@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; kailas@lcp.nrl.navy.mil OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX This work was initially sponsored by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and then continued by the Office of Naval Research through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss program, as well as the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area. The authors would like to thank Rainald Lohner from George Mason University for his significant help with the code, FEFLO. Additionally, the first author would like to thank the Ohio Space Grant Consortium for personal support during a portion of this work. The computing resources were provided by the U. S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 4 BP 799 EP 809 DI 10.2514/1.J052508 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AD0YI UT WOS:000332960100012 ER PT J AU Woodall, KA Jacobson, IG Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Woodall, Kelly A. Jacobson, Isabel G. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Deployment Experiences and Motor Vehicle Crashes Among US Service Members SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WAR-ERA VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; VIETNAM VETERANS; GULF-WAR; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MENTAL-DISORDERS; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; HEALTH; MORTALITY AB Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) continue to account for a third of service member fatalities each year. Sociodemographic factors associated with MVCs among service members have been evaluated, but whether deployment-specific experiences during the recent operations are associated with a higher risk of MVCs is unclear. Purpose: Evaluate if military members with specific deployment experiences are at an increased risk of MVCs, while taking into account several potential confounders. Methods: Millennium Cohort Study participants who enrolled during 2001-2006 and were on active-duty service were evaluated. The Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) was used to investigate MVC-related injuries occurring 6 months postdeployment in relation to service-related factors, while adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and mental and physical health factors. Analysis conducted in 2012 used Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: There were 13,620 deployed personnel included in this study. After adjusting for covariates, deployers with combat experiences (hazard ratio [HR]=1.86, 95% CI=1.33, 2.62) and those with more than one deployment (two deployments, HR=1.93, 95% CI=1.32, 2.83; three or more deployments, HR=2.83, 95% CI=1.71, 4.67) had an increased risk for an MVC within 6 months postdeployment. Enlisted rank and non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity were also associated with increased risk for MVCs. Conclusion: Experiencing combat during deployment and multiple deployments are both strong predictors for MVCs within 6 months of returning home among U. S. military members. These data provide critical information for targeting prevention strategies to decrease MVCs among personnel postdeployment. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Woodall, Kelly A.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM isabel.jacobson@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense [60002]; Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick MA FX This work represents report 13-23, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The Millennium Cohort Study is funded through the Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick MA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the U.S. Government. Additionally, the funding organizations had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, analysis, or preparation of data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2000.0007). Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2014 VL 46 IS 4 BP 350 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.11.015 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA AD4YM UT WOS:000333257900004 PM 24650837 ER PT J AU Meyerson, MD AF Meyerson, Mark D. TI The Lenstra Constant of a Ring SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Letter C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Meyerson, MD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 EI 1930-0972 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD APR PY 2014 VL 121 IS 4 BP 366 EP 367 PG 2 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AD5VD UT WOS:000333320400012 ER PT J AU Chou, CY Ita, E Soo, C AF Chou, Ching-Yi Ita, Eyo Soo, Chopin TI Affine group formulation of the Standard Model coupled to gravity SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Standard Model; Affine group formulation; Cosmological constant; Hamiltonian constraint; Commutation relation AB In this work we apply the affine group formalism for four dimensional gravity of Lorentzian signature, which is based on Klauder's affine algebraic program, to the formulation of the Hamiltonian constraint of the interaction of matter and all forces, including gravity with non-vanishing cosmological constant A, as an affine Lie algebra. We use the hermitian action of fermions coupled to gravitation and Yang-Mills theory to find the density weight one fermionic super-Hamiltonian constraint. This term, combined with the Yang-Mills and Higgs energy densities, are composed with York's integrated time functional. The result, when combined with the imaginary part of the Chern-Simons functional Q, forms the affine commutation relation with the volume element V(x). Affine algebraic quantization of gravitation and matter on equal footing implies a fundamental uncertainty relation which is predicated upon a non-vanishing cosmological constant. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chou, Ching-Yi; Soo, Chopin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Ita, Eyo] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ita, E (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM l2897107@mail.ncku.edu.tw; ita@usna.edu; cpsoo@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU Office of Naval Research [N-00-1613-WX-20992]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 101-2112-M-006-007-MY3]; National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taiwan FX This work has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N-00-1613-WX-20992, the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant No. NSC 101-2112-M-006-007-MY3, and the National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taiwan. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 343 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2014.01.017 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AD8VV UT WOS:000333544700013 ER PT J AU Wilde, M Chua, ZK Fleischner, A AF Wilde, Markus Chua, Zarrin K. Fleischner, Andreas TI Effects of Multivantage Point Systems on the Teleoperation of Spacecraft Docking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Human-machine interaction; rendezvous and docking technologies; space robotics ID DESIGN AB Rendezvous and docking with uncooperative target objects are driving capabilities for future robotic on-orbit servicing and space debris removal systems. A teleoperation system augments a robotic system with the perception, cognition, and decision capabilities of a human operator, which can lead to a more capable and more flexible telerobotic system. The ThirdEye system was developed in order to support the human operator in the complex relative navigation task of final approach and docking. It provides the operator with a flexible camera vantage point which can be positioned freely in the relevant space around and between the chaser and target spacecraft. The primary and secondary camera views, an attitude head-up display, and a trajectory prediction display are integrated into an intuitive graphical user interface. A validation study was conducted to evaluate the effects of this ThirdEye system on the performance of the teleoperation system during final approach and docking with uncooperative, rotating targets. The results of this study show that the ThirdEye system increases the overall task success rate by 15% and improves operator situation awareness, without having negative impact on the usage of system resources. The partial failure rates are decreased by 20-30%. In high-difficulty scenarios, the operator task load is increased due to the dual task of teleoperating the camera arm and the spacecraft in tandem, which leads to a minor increase in failure rate in these scenarios. C1 [Wilde, Markus; Fleischner, Andreas] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astronaut, D-80290 Munich, Germany. [Chua, Zarrin K.] Georgia Inst Technol, Cognit Engn Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wilde, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Robot Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mwilde@nps.edu; zarrin@gatech.edu; a.fleischner@tum.de RI Wilde, Markus/L-6359-2015 OI Wilde, Markus/0000-0003-3629-9705 FU Cognitive Engineering Center; Space Systems Design Laboratory; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Sonderforschungsbereich 453] FX This work was supported by the Cognitive Engineering Center, the Space Systems Design Laboratory, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Sonderforschungsbereich (collaborative research center) 453 "High Fidelity Telepresence and Teleaction." This paper was recommended by Associate Editor D. A. Abbink NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2291 EI 2168-2305 J9 IEEE T HUM-MACH SYST JI IEEE T. Hum.-Mach. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.1109/THMS.2013.2295298 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA AD2XQ UT WOS:000333100500005 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Jernigan, GG Ancona, MG AF Snow, Arthur W. Jernigan, Glenn G. Ancona, Mario G. TI Equilibrium spreading pressure and Langmuir-Blodgett film formation of omega-substituted palmitic acids SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Langmuir-Blodgett; Monolayers; Halogen-terminated fatty acid; Equilibrium spreading pressure; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; LONG-CHAIN ACIDS; PI-A ISOTHERMS; FATTY-ACID; AMPHIPROTIC COMPOUNDS; INSOLUBLE MONOLAYERS; DERIVATIVES; TIME; COMPRESSION; SURFACE AB Langmuir-Blodgett isotherms and equilibrium spreading pressures were measured for compounds of the series X-(CH2)(15)COOH, X = CH3, SH, OH, F, Cl, Br. Only the CH3 and F terminated compounds formed monolayers with sufficient stability for accurate isotherm measurement, film transfer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. The presence of the terminal heteroatom substituents significantly diminished the stability of the L-B film and depressed the equilibrium spreading pressures (20 degrees C) from 15.4 mN/m for the CH3 terminated compound to a range of 0.95 to 0.08 mN/m for the other members of the series. These characteristics are attributed to the monolayer film being in a metastable state and the dipole moment of the heteroatom terminal group increasing the monolayer film kinetic instability by facilitating the formation of three-dimensional structures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Snow, Arthur W.; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Ancona, Mario G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arthur.snow@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. William R. Barger for L-B trough setup and guidance in its operation as well as helpful discussion and suggestions. Dr. N. Lynn Jarvis is appreciatively acknowledged for helpful discussion. Dr. Jay W. Grate specifically thanked for input with respect to the donor and acceptor information. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 556 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.12.059 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA AD2SO UT WOS:000333085700076 ER PT J AU Skerker, M AF Skerker, Michael TI Seeking a Variable Standard of Individual Moral Responsibility in Organizations SO ETHICAL THEORY AND MORAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Collective responsibility; Corporate responsibility; Responsibility; Corporate intentions; Business ethics; Just war theory AB Relatively few authors attempt to assess individuals' moral responsibility for collective action within organizations. I draw on fairly technical recent work by Seamus Miller, Christopher Kutz, and Tracy Isaacs in the field of collective responsibility to see what normative lessons can be prepared for people considering entry into large hierarchical, compartmentalized organizations like businesses or the military. I will defend a view shared by Isaacs that group members' responsibility for collective action depends on intentions to contribute to particular collective actions, against Miller and Kutz's more inculpating standards. Miller and Kutz fail to achieve their goal of articulating a variable standard for measuring individual responsibility within organizations, for reasons suggesting we might not be able to do better with their theoretical commitments than a threshold warning for all potential entrants to be wary of the groups they enter. Isaacs sketches an approach that is more successful at creating a variable standard for assessing high echelon actors; I build on and refine her theory to argue that organization members can be held responsible for their unique interpretations of the organization mission and unique contributions to their role duties. High echelon actors may share personal responsibility for their subordinates' behavior when they have created the conditions for those actions through their unique orders. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Skerker, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall Mail Stop 7-B,121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM skerker@usna.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2820 EI 1572-8447 J9 ETHICAL THEORY MORAL JI Ethical Theory Moral Pract. PD APR PY 2014 VL 17 IS 2 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s10677-013-9430-7 PG 14 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA AD4TP UT WOS:000333243800002 ER PT J AU Walls, TJ Likharev, KK AF Walls, Thomas John Likharev, Konstantin K. TI Self-Organization in Autonomous, Recurrent, Firing-Rate CrossNets With Quasi-Hebbian Plasticity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; CrossNets; graphical processing unit (GPU); memristors; neuromorphic networks; plasticity; self-organization ID CIRCUITS; NETWORKS AB We have performed extensive numerical simulations of the autonomous evolution of memristive neuromorphic networks (CrossNets) with the recurrent InBar topology. The synaptic connections were assumed to have the quasi-Hebbian plasticity that may be naturally implemented using a stochastic multiplication technique. When somatic gain g exceeds its critical value g(t), the trivial fixed point of the system becomes unstable, and it enters a self-excitory transient process that eventually leads to a stable static state with equal magnitudes of all the action potentials x(j) and synaptic weights w(jk). However, even in the static state, the spatial distribution of the action potential signs and their correlation with the distribution of initial values x(j)(0) may be rather complicated because of the activation function's nonlinearity. We have quantified such correlation as a function of g, cell connectivity M, and plasticity rate., for a random distribution of initial values of x(j) and w(jk), by numerical simulation of network dynamics, using a high-performance graphical processing unit system. Most interestingly, the autocorrelation function of action potentials is a nonmonotonic function of g because of a specific competition between self-excitation of the potentials and self-adaptation of synaptic weights. C1 [Walls, Thomas John] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Likharev, Konstantin K.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Walls, TJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.walls@nrl.navy.mil; klikharev@notes.cc.sunysb.edu FU AFOSR; NSF FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR and in part by the NSF. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2162-237X EI 2162-2388 J9 IEEE T NEUR NET LEAR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 25 IS 4 BP 819 EP 824 DI 10.1109/TNNLS.2013.2280904 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AD2XA UT WOS:000333098700015 PM 24807958 ER PT J AU Osterburg, AR Robinson, CT Mokashi, V Stockelman, M Schwemberger, SJ Chapman, G Babcock, GF AF Osterburg, Andrew R. Robinson, Chad T. Mokashi, Vishwesh Stockelman, Michael Schwemberger, Sandy J. Chapman, Gail Babcock, George F. TI Oral tungstate (Na2WO4) exposure reduces adaptive immune responses in mice after challenge SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytotoxic T-cell; helper T-cell; immune response; immunophenotyping; sodium tungstate; staphylococcal enterotoxin B; SEB; tungsten ID XANTHINE-OXIDASE INHIBITORS; SODIUM TUNGSTATE; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHURCHILL COUNTY; DENDRITIC CELLS; ACTIVATION; OXIDOREDUCTASE AB Tungstate (WO42-) has been identified as a ground water contaminant at military firing ranges and can be absorbed by ingestion. In this study, C57BL6 mice were exposed to sodium tungstate (Na2WO4 center dot 2H(2)O) (0, 2, 62.5, 125, and 200 mg/kg/day) in their drinking water for an initial 28-day screen and in a one-generation (one-gen) model. Twenty-four hours prior to euthanasia, mice were intraperitoneally injected with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) (20 mg/mouse) or saline as controls. After euthanasia, splenocytes and blood were collected and stained with lymphocyte and/or myeloid immunophenotyping panels and analyzed by flow cytometry. In the 28-day and one-gen exposure, statistically significant reductions were observed in the quantities of activated cytotoxic T-cells (T-CTL; CD3(+)CD8(+)CD71(+)) and helper T-cells (T-H; CD3(+)CD4(+)CD71(+)) from spleens of SEB-treated mice. In the 28-day exposures, CD71(+) TTCTL cells were 12.87 +/- 2.05% (SE) in the 0 tungstate (control) group compared to 4.44 +/- 1.42% in the 200 mg/kg/day (p<0.001) group. T-H cells were 4.85 +/- 1.23% in controls and 2.76 +/- 0.51% in the 200 mg/kg/day (p<0.003) group. In the one-gen exposures, T-CTL cells were 7.98 +/- 0.49% and 6.33 +/- 0.49% for P and F-1 mice after 0 mg/kg/day tungstate vs 1.58 +/- 0.23% and 2.52 +/- 0.25% after 200 mg/kg/day of tungstate (p<0.001). Similarly, T-H cells were reduced to 6.21 +/- 0.39% and 7.20 +/- 0.76%, respectively, for the 0 mg/kg/day P and F-1 mice, and 2.28 +/- 0.41% and 2.85 +/- 0.53%, respectively, for the 200 mg/kg/day tungstate P and F-1 groups (p<0.001). In delayed-type hypersensitivity Type IV experiments, tungstate exposure prior to primary and secondary antigen challenge significantly reduced footpad swelling at 20 and 200 mg/kg/day. These data indicate that exposure to tungstate can result in immune suppression that may, in turn, reduce host defense against pathogens. C1 [Osterburg, Andrew R.; Robinson, Chad T.; Babcock, George F.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Mokashi, Vishwesh] NMRC Frederick, Biol Def Res Directorate, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Stockelman, Michael] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. [Schwemberger, Sandy J.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Chapman, Gail] Naval Med Res & Dev Command M2, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Babcock, George F.] Shriners Hosp Children, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Osterburg, AR (reprint author), Shriners Hosp Children, 3229 Burnet Ave,Room 446, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM aosterburg@gmail.com FU [60862] FX The authors report no conflicts of interest. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the US Government. This work was supported by work unit number 60862. The experiments reported herein were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the 'Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals', Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. V.M., M.S. and G.C. are military service members (or employee of the U.S. Government). This work was prepared as part of my official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work in the United States Government'. Title 17 U.S. C. 101 defines a US Government work as a work prepared by a military 762 service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X EI 1547-6901 J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD APR-JUN PY 2014 VL 11 IS 2 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2013.816394 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AD2VG UT WOS:000333093200007 PM 23895378 ER PT J AU Zhong, WM Reed, C Blair, PJ Katz, JM Hancock, K AF Zhong, Weimin Reed, Carrie Blair, Patrick J. Katz, Jacqueline M. Hancock, Kathy CA Influenza Serology Working Grp TI Serum Antibody Response to Matrix Protein 2 Following Natural Infection With 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in Humans SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Influenza A virus; Matrix protein 2; Antibody; Human ID A-VIRUS; M2 PROTEIN; H1N1 INFLUENZA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; CROSS-PROTECTION; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; ECTODOMAIN; MICE AB Natural infection-induced humoral immunity to matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A viruses in humans is not fully understood. Evidence suggests that anti-M2 antibody responses following influenza A virus infection are weak and/or transient. We show that the seroprevalence of anti-M2 antibodies increased with age in 317 serum samples from healthy individuals in the United States in 2007-2008. Infection with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) elicited a recall serum antibody response to M2 protein of A(H1N1)pdm09 in 47% of the affected 118 individuals tested. Anti-M2 antibody responses were more robust among individuals with preexisting antibodies to M2 protein. Moreover, the antibodies induced as a result of infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 were cross-reactive with M2 protein of seasonal influenza A viruses. These results emphasize the need to further investigate the possible roles of anti-M2 antibodies in human influenza A virus infection. C1 [Zhong, Weimin; Reed, Carrie; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Hancock, Kathy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Zhong, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wzhong@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Naval Health Research Center FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Naval Health Research Center. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 209 IS 7 BP 986 EP 994 DI 10.1093/infdis/jit811 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA AD2TI UT WOS:000333087900004 PM 24325965 ER PT J AU Roper, DA Good, BL McCauley, R Yarlagadda, S Smith, J Good, A Pa, P Mirotznik, MS AF Roper, David A. Good, Brandon L. McCauley, Raymond Yarlagadda, Shridhar Smith, Jared Good, Austin Pa, Peter Mirotznik, Mark S. TI Additive manufacturing of graded dielectrics SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE graded dielectrics; dielectric properties; graded index lens; additive manufacturing; 3D printing ID LUNEBURG LENS; ANTIREFLECTIVE PROPERTIES; POWDER AB A method for the fabrication of graded dielectrics within a structural composite is presented. This system employs an ultrasonic powder deposition head to print high dielectric powders onto a woven fabric composite substrate. It is shown how this system can integrate 3D variations of dielectric properties at millimeter resolution within a mechanically rugged substrate. To conclude, the system's practical application is demonstrated with experimental results from a graded index lens. C1 [Roper, David A.; Smith, Jared; Good, Austin; Pa, Peter; Mirotznik, Mark S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Good, Brandon L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [McCauley, Raymond; Yarlagadda, Shridhar] Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Roper, DA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM droper@udel.edu; mmirotzni@udel.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 AR 045029 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/23/4/045029 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA AD0SC UT WOS:000332943400029 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Massa, L AF Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou TI Topology of the electron density of multicenter bonding in the anion TCNE2 (2-) SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bond path; Bond critical point; Bonding interaction; Energy calculation; Electronegativity; Quantum mechanics ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; BONDED INTERACTIONS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; LONG BOND; DIMERS; DEFINITION; DIANION; TERMS; SET AB For TCNE2 (2-) the role of bond paths in the electron density is emphasized to show that the anion contains multicenter bonding interactions across 4 central carbon atoms conferring inherent stability to it, consistent with experimental, and theoretical studies of other authors. C1 [Huang, Lulu] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Massa, L (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM lmassa@hunter.cuny.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; US Naval Research Laboratory [47203-00 01]; Professional Staff Congress City University of New York Award [63842-00 41] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. L. M. was funded by the US Naval Research Laboratory (Project 47203-00 01) and by a Professional Staff Congress City University of New York Award (Project 63842-00 41). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 EI 1572-9001 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD APR PY 2014 VL 25 IS 2 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s11224-013-0379-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AD2OZ UT WOS:000333076300027 ER PT J AU D'Antuono, DS Gaies, J Golumbfskie, W Taheri, ML AF D'Antuono, D. Scotto Gaies, J. Golumbfskie, W. Taheri, M. L. TI Grain boundary misorientation dependence of beta phase precipitation in an Al-Mg alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Sensitization; In situ TEM; Misorientation; Aluminum alloy; beta Phase ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; THIN FOILS; DIFFRACTION; ORIENTATION; NUCLEATION AB Precipitation of beta phase (A13Mg2) in an Al-Mg alloy is investigated by in situ heating and precession diffraction-based orientation imaging in a transmission electron microscope. Initial beta formation occurs more readily at low-angle grain boundaries than at high-angle boundaries; however, larger precipitates are found at high-angle boundaries. We propose a mechanism for beta formation based on boundary energy and grain boundary free volume. These results advance the understanding of beta phase formation, aiding future corrosion prevention. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [D'Antuono, D. Scotto; Taheri, M. L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gaies, J.; Golumbfskie, W.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. RP Taheri, ML (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mtaheri@coe.drexel.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000141210505] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research under contract N000141210505. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 76 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.01.003 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AC4OU UT WOS:000332501400021 ER PT J AU McCarroll, RJ Brander, RW MacMahan, JH Turner, IL Reniers, AJHM Brown, JA Bradstreet, A Sherker, S AF McCarroll, R. Jak Brander, Robert W. MacMahan, Jamie H. Turner, Ian L. Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Brown, Jenna A. Bradstreet, Anthony Sherker, Shauna TI Evaluation of swimmer-based rip current escape strategies SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Beach safety; Lagrangian drifters; Swimming hazards; Drowning prevention ID BEACH-SAFETY; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; PENSACOLA BEACH; EMBAYED BEACHES; CURRENT SYSTEM; CURRENT HAZARD; ZONE; PERSPECTIVE; AUSTRALIA; CHANNELS AB Rip currents are the primary hazard on surf beaches, and early studies described them as fast, shore-normal flows that extended seaward of the surf zone. Based on this traditional view, commonly promoted safety advice was to escape a rip current by swimming parallel to the beach. However, recent studies have shown dominant rip current re-circulation within the surf zone and have endorsed floating as an appropriate escape strategy. Here, a first quantitative assessment of the efficacy of various rip current escape strategies, with a focus on the underlying physical processes, is presented. A field study was conducted at Shelly Beach, NSW, Australia, measuring three rip currents (two open beaches, one topographic) over 3 days in varying wave conditions. Floating was found to be a longer duration, more variable escape strategy ( = 3.8 min, sigma = 2.4 min), than swimming parallel ( = 2.2 min, sigma = 1.0 min). Neither of the scenarios is 100 % foolproof, and both fail in some scenarios, making simplified safety recommendations difficult. Swim parallel failures are related to swimming against the alongshore current of the rip circulation. Float failures related to surf zone exits, with the highest exit rate occurring in the topographic rip. Float failures also occurred due to multiple re-circulations without the person attaining safe footing on the bar. The variable spatial and temporal behaviour of rip currents suggests that a single escape strategy safety message is inappropriate. Instead, a combined approach and scenario-specific safety advice should be considered by beach safety practitioners to promote to the public. C1 [McCarroll, R. Jak; Brander, Robert W.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [MacMahan, Jamie H.; Brown, Jenna A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Turner, Ian L.] Univ New S Wales, Water Res Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Reniers, Ad J. H. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bradstreet, Anthony; Sherker, Shauna] Surf Life Saving Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP McCarroll, RJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM jak.mccarroll@hotmail.com RI Turner, Ian/H-7122-2014 FU Australian Research Council (ARC) [LP110200134]; Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA); NSF [OCE-0926750] FX This project was funded by Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project LP110200134 and by Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA). MacMahan and Brown were also supported by NSF OCE-0926750. Thank you to Patrick Rynne for his video documentary of the experiment (http://waterlust.org/RIP.html). Special thanks to the many volunteers who helped with the fieldwork, particularly the swimmers and floaters. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1821 EP 1846 DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0979-1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AB8FJ UT WOS:000332025200029 ER PT J AU Arkes, J Shen, YC AF Arkes, Jeremy Shen, Yu-Chu TI FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE, BUT HOW ABOUT A RECESSION? SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-CONDITIONS; UNITED-STATES; DIVORCE; METAANALYSIS; CHILDREN; QUALITY; YOUTH; 1990S AB In light of the current economic crisis, we estimate hazard models of divorce to determine how state and national unemployment rates affect the likelihood of a divorce or separation. With data in the United States over the 1978-2008 period from the 1979 NLSY, we find some evidence indicating that a higher unemployment rate increases the risk of a marriage ending for couples in years 6-10 of marriage (suggesting counter-cyclical divorce/separation probabilities) but has no significant effect for couples in years 1-5 of marriage and those married longer than 10 years. The estimates are generally stronger in magnitude when using national instead of state unemployment rates and when considering just divorces rather than the first observed divorce or separation. (JEL J12) C1 [Arkes, Jeremy; Shen, Yu-Chu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Econ, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Arkes, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Econ, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM arkes@nps.edu; yshen@nps.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1074-3529 EI 1465-7287 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD APR PY 2014 VL 32 IS 2 BP 275 EP 287 DI 10.1111/coep.12029 PG 13 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA AB2EP UT WOS:000331606300003 ER PT J AU Beh, J Han, D Ko, H AF Beh, Jounghoon Han, David Ko, Hanseok TI Rule-based trajectory segmentation for modeling hand motion trajectory SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE Trajectory segmentation; Hand gesture recognition; Hidden Markov model; HMM initialization ID GESTURE RECOGNITION; SPEECH AB In this paper, we propose a simple but effective method of modeling hand gestures based on the angles and angular change rates of the hand trajectories. Each hand motion trajectory is composed of a unique series of straight and curved segments. In our Hidden Markov Model (HMM) implementation, these trajectories are modeled as a connected series of states analogous to the series of phonemes in speech recognition. The novelty of the work presented herein is that it provides an automated process of segmenting gesture trajectories based on a simple set of threshold values in the angular change measure. In order to represent the angular distribution of each separated state, the von Mises distribution is used. A likelihood based state segmentation was implemented in addition to the threshold based method to ensure that the gesture sets are segmented consistently. The proposed method can separate each angular state of the training data at the initialization step, thus providing a solution to mitigate the ambiguities on initializing the HMM. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by the higher recognition rates in the experiments compared to the conventional methods. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beh, Jounghoon; Ko, Hanseok] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Han, David] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136710, South Korea. RP Ko, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RND Program [WR080951] FX This research was supported by Seoul R&ND Program (WR080951). NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 EI 1873-5142 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD APR PY 2014 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1586 EP 1601 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2013.11.010 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AB3CQ UT WOS:000331669300004 ER PT J AU Rockafellar, RT Royset, JO Miranda, SI AF Rockafellar, R. T. Royset, J. O. Miranda, S. I. TI Superquantile regression with applications to buffered reliability, uncertainty quantification, and conditional value-at-risk SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Generalized regression; Superquantiles; Conditional value-at-risk; Uncertainty quantification; Buffered failure probability; Stochastic programming ID EXPECTED SHORTFALL; OPTIMIZATION AB The paper presents a generalized regression technique centered on a superquantile (also called conditional value-at-risk) that is consistent with that coherent measure of risk and yields more conservatively fitted curves than classical least-squares and quantile regression. In contrast to other generalized regression techniques that approximate conditional superquantiles by various combinations of conditional quantiles, we directly and in perfect analog to classical regression obtain superquantile regression functions as optimal solutions of certain error minimization problems. We show the existence and possible uniqueness of regression functions, discuss the stability of regression functions under perturbations and approximation of the underlying data, and propose an extension of the coefficient of determination R-squared for assessing the goodness of fit. The paper presents two numerical methods for solving the error minimization problems and illustrates the methodology in several numerical examples in the areas of uncertainty quantification, reliability engineering, and financial risk management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rockafellar, R. T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Royset, J. O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Miranda, S. I.] Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0206, F1ATA01194G001] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grants FA9550-11-1-0206 and F1ATA01194G001. The authors thank Prof. S. Uryasev, University of Florida, for enabling and supporting numerical tests in Portfolio Safeguard. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 234 IS 1 BP 140 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2013.10.046 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 295XB UT WOS:000330148600013 ER PT J AU Thuillier, G Melo, SML Lean, J Krivova, NA Bolduc, C Fomichev, VI Charbonneau, P Shapiro, AI Schmutz, W Bolsee, D AF Thuillier, G. Melo, S. M. L. Lean, J. Krivova, N. A. Bolduc, C. Fomichev, V. I. Charbonneau, P. Shapiro, A. I. Schmutz, W. Bolsee, D. TI Analysis of Different Solar Spectral Irradiance Reconstructions and Their Impact on Solar Heating Rates SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar spectral irradiance model; Reconstruction ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; CLIMATE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ULTRAVIOLET; EVOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATION; DEPENDENCE AB Proper numerical simulation of the Earth's climate change requires reliable knowledge of solar irradiance and its variability on different time scales, as well as the wavelength dependence of this variability. As new measurements of the solar spectral irradiance have become available, so too have new reconstructions of historical solar irradiance variations, based on different approaches. However, these various solar spectral irradiance reconstructions have not yet been compared in detail to quantify differences in their absolute values, variability, and implications for climate and atmospheric studies. In this paper we quantitatively compare five different reconstructions of solar spectral irradiance changes during the past four centuries, in order to document and analyze their differences. The impact on atmosphere and climate studies is discussed in terms of the calculation of short wave solar heating rates. C1 [Thuillier, G.] LATMOS CNRS, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Melo, S. M. L.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Melo, S. M. L.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Lean, J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krivova, N. A.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Bolduc, C.; Charbonneau, P.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H2C 3J7, Canada. [Fomichev, V. I.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Shapiro, A. I.; Schmutz, W.] PMOD WRC, Davos, Switzerland. [Bolsee, D.] Inst Aeron Spatiale, B-1180 Uccle, Belgium. RP Thuillier, G (reprint author), LATMOS CNRS, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. EM gerard.thuillier@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014 OI Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639 FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; Swiss National Science Foundation [CRSI122-130642]; FQRNT-Quebec (Team grant) [119078]; Swiss COST office [C11.0135] FX This investigation is supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (F), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (F), the Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (B). The participating institutes are LATMOS-CNRS (F) (formerly Service d'Aeronomie), Department of Physics of the University of Toronto (Ca), Canadian Space Agency, Institut fur Sonnensystem-forschung of Max-Planck (G), Department de Physique of Universite de Montreal (Ca), York University (Ca), Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos-World Radiation Center (Ch), Institut d'Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique. J. Lean acknowledges NASA support. A. Shapiro is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant CRSI122-130642 (FUPSOL). C. Bolduc and P. Charbonneau acknowledge support from FQRNT-Quebec (Team grant 119078). W. Schmutz acknowledges support from Swiss COST office (grant nr. C11.0135). A. Shapiro, N. Krivova, W. Schmutz participate in the COST action ES 1005 (TOSCA) and profit from the COST meetings. This article is a contribution to the SOLID investigation. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 289 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0381-x PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268WB UT WOS:000328200300004 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I AF Khurgin, J. B. Vurgaftman, I. TI Electronic states, pseudo-spin, and transport in the zinc-blende quantum wells and wires with vanishing band gap SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SCATTERING; INSULATOR; GRAPHENE; PHYSICS; PHASE; SIZE AB We consider theoretically the electronic structure of quasi-two and quasi-one-dimensional heterostructures comprised of III-V and II-VI semiconductors such as InAs/GaInSb and HgCdTe. We show that not only a Dirac-like dispersion exists in these materials when the energy gap approaches zero but also the states with opposite momentum are orthogonal (i.e., can be described by a pseudo-spin), which suppresses backscattering and thereby enhances the electron mobility, by analogy with the case of graphene. However, unlike in graphene, a quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire with zero gap can be realized, which should eliminate most of the scattering processes and lead to long coherence lengths required for both conventional and ballistic electronic devices. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Vurgaftman, I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jakek@jhu.edu FU ONR MURI "III-N Devices and Architectures for Terahertz Electronics" FX J.K. work was supported by the ONR MURI "III-N Devices and Architectures for Terahertz Electronics." NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CI