FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jansen, R Sletten, M Raj, R AF Jansen, Robert Sletten, Mark Raj, Raghu TI Performance Studies of Emulated Multichannel SAR for Motion Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; OBJECTS AB Conventional single-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) cannot directly measure or correct for smearing and distortions due to scene motion. Previous theoretical efforts have pointed out that this deficiency can be overcome using an along-track multichannel SAR (MSAR), but lack an experimental foundation. In this paper we conduct in-depth sensitivity studies that characterize and demonstrate the robustness of an MSAR system for scene motion characterization. These include novel experimental studies that build on our previous work in MSAR emulation. Of significance, to our knowledge this is the first experimental verification of removing motion distortions in shoaling ocean waves using such an MSAR system. We also introduce a new processing mode for MSAR systems called SAVSAR (subaperture velocity SAR), which affords us a much wider range of options in adjusting the spatial and temporal resolution capabilities of MSAR imaging. The insights gained in this paper provide guidance on the choice of suitable configurations and processing methods for scene motion estimation using airborne MSAR systems. C1 [Jansen, Robert; Sletten, Mark; Raj, Raghu] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 7261, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jansen, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 7261, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jansen@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 3198 EP 3209 DI 10.1109/TAES.2015.140577 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DC1VO UT WOS:000369006000052 ER PT J AU Mantzouris, G Papadopoulos, P Nikitakos, N Manso, M Bordetsky, A Sarris, Z Markarian, G Kourousis, K AF Mantzouris, Georgios Papadopoulos, Periklis Nikitakos, Nikitas Manso, Marco Bordetsky, Alex Sarris, Zacharias Markarian, Garik Kourousis, Kyriakos TI Picosatellites for Maritime Security Applications - the Lambdasat Case SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; Picosatellites; Space maritime security operations; Micropropulsion; Vulnerabilities; Satellite communication; Picosatellite ground station ID THRUSTER AB This study explores the potential deployment of small satellites for maritime interdiction and security applications by investigating the available solutions and formulating a generic proposal to optimize the use of those short-lived space assets in support of these operations. The operational background is analyzed with respect to the potential use of these systems by field officers. An analysis for operational micro and picosatellite characteristics is executed, and a brief outlook on the vulnerabilities of those for Low Earth Orbits is given. Moreover, a real scenario has been implemented, and the obtained computational results provide useful insight into how these space systems can be used for maritime security operations. Particular reference is given to the state-of-the-art status of propulsion systems capable of enhancing the lifetime of the satellites. Similarly, a literature survey has been conducted collecting all available picosatellites in orbit today that deal with maritime security applications. The study also explores the application of Lambdasat picosatellite (currently in orbit) to demonstrate the capability of exchanging alert messages between ground stations in Greece and in the US and vessels in the middle of the ocean. With these experiments we will demonstrate the ability magnitude of a picosatellite to support maritime operations. C1 [Mantzouris, Georgios; Bordetsky, Alex] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Network Innovat & Experimentat, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Papadopoulos, Periklis] San Jose State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Mantzouris, Georgios; Nikitakos, Nikitas; Markarian, Garik] Univ Aegean, Dept Shipping Trade & Transport, Mitilini, Greece. [Manso, Marco] Rinicom Ltd, Lancaster, England. [Sarris, Zacharias] Altus LSA Ltd, Souda Bay, Crete, Greece. [Markarian, Garik] Univ Limerick, Dept Mech Aeronaut & Biomed Engn, Limerick, MUN, Ireland. [Kourousis, Kyriakos] RMIT Univ, Sch Aerosp Mech & Mfg Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Mantzouris, G (reprint author), Univ Aegean, Dept Shipping Trade & Transport, Mitilini, Greece. EM g.mantzouris@stt.aegean.gr RI Kourousis, Kyriakos/G-6993-2011 OI Kourousis, Kyriakos/0000-0003-0861-4931 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST AERONAUTICA & ESPACO-IAE PI SAO PAULO PA PRACA MAL EDUARDO GOMES 50, VILA ACACIAS, SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS, SAO PAULO, 122228-901, BRAZIL SN 1984-9648 EI 2175-9146 J9 J AEROSP TECHNOL MAN JI J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 490 EP 503 DI 10.5028/jatm.v7i4.551 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DC1UZ UT WOS:000369003900012 ER PT J AU Teltsch, DY Walker, DR Nordstrom, BL Fraeman, K Kronmann, K St Clair, K AF Teltsch, Dana Y. Walker, David R. Nordstrom, Beth L. Fraeman, Kathy Kronmann, Karl St Clair, Kristina TI Predictors of Treatment Adherence and Discontinuation in Department of Defense (DoD) Health Care Beneficiaries Treated for Chronic Hepatitis C 2004-2013 SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 13-17, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 [Walker, David R.] Abbvie, HEOR, N Chicago, IL USA. [Teltsch, Dana Y.; Nordstrom, Beth L.; Fraeman, Kathy] Evidera, Retrospect Observat Studies, Lexington, MA USA. [Kronmann, Karl; St Clair, Kristina] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0270-9139 EI 1527-3350 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 62 SU 1 SI SI MA 1175 BP 790A EP 791A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA DB2YA UT WOS:000368375402497 ER PT J AU Andrew, RK White, AW Mercer, JA Dzieciuch, MA Worcester, PF Colosi, JA AF Andrew, Rex K. White, Andrew W. Mercer, James A. Dzieciuch, Matthew A. Worcester, Peter F. Colosi, John A. TI A test of deep water Rytov theory at 284Hz and 107km in the Philippine Sea SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND TRANSMISSIONS; ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION; OCEAN; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION; SOUND; PATH; TURBULENT; WAVES; RANGE AB Predictions of log-amplitude variance are compared against sample log-amplitude variances reported by White, Andrew, Mercer, Worcester, Dzieciuch, and Colosi [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 3347-3358 (2013)] for measurements acquired during the 2009 Philippine Sea experiment and associated Monte Carlo computations. The predictions here utilize the theory of Munk and Zachariasen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 818-838 (1976)]. The scattering mechanism is the Garrett-Munk internal wave spectrum scaled by metrics based on measured environmental profiles. The transmitter was at 1000m depth and the receivers at nominal range 107 km and depths 600-1600 m. The signal was a broadband m-sequence centered at 284 Hz. Four classes of propagation paths are examined: the first class has a single upper turning point at about 60m depth; the second and third classes each have two upper turning points at roughly 250 m; the fourth class has three upper turning points at about 450 m. Log-amplitude variance for all paths is predicted to be 0.04-0.09, well within the regime of validity of either Born or Rytov scattering. The predictions are roughly consistent with the measured and Monte Carlo log-amplitude variances, although biased slightly low. Paths turning in the extreme upper ocean (near the mixed layer) seem to incorporate additional scattering mechanisms not included in the original theory. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Andrew, Rex K.; White, Andrew W.; Mercer, James A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Dzieciuch, Matthew A.; Worcester, Peter F.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Colosi, John A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Andrew, RK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM rex@apl.washington.edu FU Long Range/DeepWater Propagation thrust area of the Ocean Acoustics Program at the Office of Naval Research under APL-UW [N00014-08-1-0843, N00014-13-1-0009] FX The authors are grateful for discussions throughout the development of this work with Dr. F. Henyey. L. Buck repeated the calculations over ray ID and sensor depth every time the author invented a new scenario. This work was supported by the Long Range/DeepWater Propagation thrust area of the Ocean Acoustics Program at the Office of Naval Research under APL-UW Grant Nos. N00014-08-1-0843 and N00014-13-1-0009. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 138 IS 4 BP 2015 EP 2023 DI 10.1121/1.4929900 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DB0GM UT WOS:000368186600018 PM 26520285 ER PT J AU Calvo, DC Thangawng, AL Layman, CN Casalini, R Othman, SF AF Calvo, David C. Thangawng, Abel L. Layman, Christopher N., Jr. Casalini, Riccardo Othman, Shadi F. TI Underwater sound transmission through arrays of disk cavities in a soft elastic medium SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ALBERICH ANECHOIC COATINGS; ABSORPTION MECHANISMS; WATERBORNE SOUND; SCATTERING; WAVE; BUBBLES; ULTRASOUND; OSCILLATIONS; RESONANCE; SOLIDS AB Scattering from a cavity in a soft elastic medium, such as silicone rubber, resembles scattering from an underwater bubble in that low-frequency monopole resonance is obtainable in both cases. Arrays of cavities can therefore be used to reduce underwater sound transmission using thin layers and low void fractions. This article examines the role of cavity shape by microfabricating arrays of disk-shaped air cavities into single and multiple layers of polydimethylsiloxane. Comparison is made with the case of equivalent volume cylinders which approximate spheres. Measurements of ultrasonic underwater sound transmission are compared with finite element modeling predictions. The disks provide a deeper transmission minimum at a lower frequency owing to the drum-type breathing resonance. The resonance of a single disk cavity in an unbounded medium is also calculated and compared with a derived estimate of the natural frequency of the drum mode. Variation of transmission is determined as a function of disk tilt angle, lattice constant, and layer thickness. A modeled transmission loss of 18 dB can be obtained at a wavelength about 20 times the three-layer thickness, and thinner results (wavelength/thickness similar to 240) are possible for the same loss with a single layer depending on allowable hydrostatic pressure. C1 [Calvo, David C.; Thangawng, Abel L.; Layman, Christopher N., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, Riccardo] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Othman, Shadi F.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Calvo, DC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7165,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.calvo@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 138 IS 4 BP 2537 EP 2547 DI 10.1121/1.4931446 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DB0GM UT WOS:000368186600067 PM 26520336 ER PT J AU Morris, JD Grimaila, MR Hodson, DD McLaughlin, CV Jacques, DR AF Morris, Jeffrey D. Grimaila, Michael R. Hodson, Douglas D. McLaughlin, Colin V. Jacques, David R. TI Using the Discrete Event System Specification to model Quantum Key Distribution system components SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Conceptual modeling; Discrete Event Simulation; Discrete Event System Specification; modeling and simulation; Quantum Key Distribution ID SIMULATION; DEVS AB In this paper, we present modeling a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system with its components using the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism. The DEVS formalism assures the developed component models are composable and exhibit well-defined temporal behavior independent of the simulation environment. These attributes enable users to assemble a valid simulation using any collection of compatible components to represent complete QKD system architectures. To illustrate the approach, we introduce a prototypical "prepare and measure'' QKD system, decompose one of its subsystems, and present the detailed modeling of the subsystem using the DEVS formalism. The developed models are provably composable and exhibit behavior suitable for the intended analytic purpose, thus improving the validity of the simulation. Finally, we examine issues identified during the verification of the conceptual DEVS model and discuss the impact of these findings on implementing a hybrid QKD simulation framework. C1 [Morris, Jeffrey D.; Grimaila, Michael R.; Hodson, Douglas D.; Jacques, David R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McLaughlin, Colin V.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grimaila, MR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Grimaila@us.af.mil NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD OCT PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 SI SI BP 457 EP 480 DI 10.1177/1548512914554404 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1JC UT WOS:000367551100009 ER PT J AU Canty, R Gonzalez, E MacDonald, C Osswald, S Zea, H Luhrs, CC AF Canty, Russell Gonzalez, Edwin MacDonald, Caleb Osswald, Sebastian Zea, Hugo Luhrs, Claudia C. TI Reduction Expansion Synthesis as Strategy to Control Nitrogen Doping Level and Surface Area in Graphene SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE reduction-expansion-synthesis; nitrogen-doped graphene ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; DOPED MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; ANODE MATERIALS; UREA; SHEETS; SUPERCAPACITORS; FABRICATION; SONICATION; NANOSHEETS AB Graphene sheets doped with nitrogen were produced by the reduction-expansion (RES) method utilizing graphite oxide (GO) and urea as precursor materials. The simultaneous graphene generation and nitrogen insertion reactions are based on the fact that urea decomposes upon heating to release reducing gases. The volatile byproducts perform two primary functions: (i) promoting the reduction of the GO and (ii) providing the nitrogen to be inserted in situ as the graphene structure is created. Samples with diverse urea/GO mass ratios were treated at 800 degrees C in inert atmosphere to generate graphene with diverse microstructural characteristics and levels of nitrogen doping. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the microstructural features of the products. The effects of doping on the samples structure and surface area were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET). The GO and urea decomposition-reduction process as well as nitrogen-doped graphene stability were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of the evolved gases. Results show that the proposed method offers a high level of control over the amount of nitrogen inserted in the graphene and may be used alternatively to control its surface area. To demonstrate the practical relevance of these findings, as-produced samples were used as electrodes in supercapacitor and battery devices and compared with conventional, thermally exfoliated graphene. C1 [Canty, Russell; Gonzalez, Edwin; MacDonald, Caleb; Luhrs, Claudia C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Osswald, Sebastian] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zea, Hugo] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Ingn Quim & Ambiental, Bogota 111321, Colombia. RP Luhrs, CC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cantyrs@illinois.navy.mil; edwin7gonzalez@gmail.com; caleb.macdonald012@gmail.com; sosswald@purdue.edu; hrzear@unal.edu.co; ccluhrs@nps.edu FU Marine Corps Expeditionary Energy Office FX This work was supported by the Marine Corps Expeditionary Energy Office. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 33 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD OCT PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 7048 EP 7058 DI 10.3390/ma8105359 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CZ0VZ UT WOS:000366825500036 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Fallet, M Ryan, KE Mooney, BL Knippenberg, MT Schall, JD AF Harrison, Judith A. Fallet, Marcel Ryan, Kathleen E. Mooney, Barbara L. Knippenberg, M. Todd Schall, J. David TI Recent developments and simulations utilizing bond-order potentials SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bond-order potentials; qAIREBO; charge equilibration (QEq); UNCD; water confinement; 2B-SiCH; friction ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ELECTRONEGATIVITY EQUALIZATION METHOD; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SI-H SYSTEMS; DIAMOND FILMS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; NANOSCALE ASPERITIES; SILICON AB Bond-order potentials (BOPs) have been used successfully in simulations of a wide range of processes. A brief overview of bond-order potentials is provided which focuses on the reactive empirical bond-order (REBO) potential for hydrocarbons (Brenner et al 2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 783) and the large number of useful potentials it has spawned. Two specific extensions of the REBO potential that make use of its formalism are discussed. First, the 2B-SiCH potential (Schall and Harrison 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 1323) makes the appropriate changes to the hydrocarbon REBO potential so that three atom types, Si, C, and H, can be modeled. Second, we recently added the electronegative element O, along with the associated charge terms, to the adaptive intermolecular REBO (AIREBO) potential (Stuart et al 2000 J. Chem. Phys. 112 6472). The resulting qAIREBO potential (Knippenberg et al 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 136 164701) makes use of the bond-order potential/split-charge (BOP/SQE) equilibration method (Mikulski et al 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 131 241105) and the Lagrangian approach to charge dynamics (Rick et al 1994 J. Chem. Phys. 101 6141). The integration of these two techniques allows for atomic charges to evolve with time during MD simulations: as a result, chemical reactions can be modeled in C-, O-, and H-containing systems. The usefulness of the 2B-SiCH potential for tribological investigations is demonstrated in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of axisymmetric tips composed of Si and SiC placed in sliding contact with diamond(1 1 1) surfaces with varying amounts of hydrogen termination. The qAIREBO potential is used to investigate confinement of sub-monolayer coverages of water between nanostructured surfaces. C1 [Harrison, Judith A.; Fallet, Marcel; Ryan, Kathleen E.; Mooney, Barbara L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Knippenberg, M. Todd] High Point Univ, Dept Chem, High Point, NC 27262 USA. [Schall, J. David] Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48307 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu FU US Naval Academy Research Office; National Science Foundation (NSF) [IAA 1129629, CMMI 1200011, CMMI 1129630] FX MF, KER, and JAH acknowledge partial support from the US Naval Academy Research Office and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under contracts IAA 1129629 and CMMI 1200011. JDS acknowledges support from the NSF under contract CMMI 1129630. The authors would also like to acknowledge T Verstraelen, R W Carpick, K T Turner, and T B D Jacobs for helpful discussions. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 23 IS 7 AR 074003 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/23/7/074003 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY5LN UT WOS:000366449200004 ER PT J AU Weismiller, MR Junkermeier, CE Russo, MF Salazar, MR Bedrov, D van Duin, ACT AF Weismiller, Michael R. Junkermeier, Chad E. Russo, Michael F., Jr. Salazar, Michael R. Bedrov, Dmitry van Duin, Adri C. T. TI ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations of intermediate species in dicyanamide anion and nitric acid hypergolic combustion SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ReaxFF; molecular dynamics; ionic liquid; hypergolic combustion ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; 1,5-DINITROBIURET DNB; IONIC LIQUIDS; DENSITY; THERMOCHEMISTRY; PYROLYSIS; EXCHANGE AB Ionic liquids based on the dicyanamide anion (DCA) are of interest as replacements for current hypergolic fuels, which are highly toxic. To better understand the reaction dynamics of these ionic liquid fuels, this study reports the results of molecular dynamics simulations performed for two predicted intermediate compounds in DCA-based ionic liquids/nitric acid (HNO3) combustion, i.e. protonated DCA (DCAH) and nitro-dicyanamide-carbonyl (NDC). Calculations were performed using a ReaxFF reactive force field. Single component simulations show that neat NDC undergo exothermic decomposition and ignition. Simulations with HNO3 were performed at both a low (0.25 g ml(-1)) and high (1.00 g ml(-1)) densities, to investigate the reaction in a dense vapor and liquid phase, respectively. Both DCAH and NDC react hypergolically with HNO3, and increased density led to shorter times for the onset of thermal runaway. Contrary to a proposed mechanism for DCA combustion, neither DCAH nor NDC are converted to 1,5-Dinitrobiuret (DNB) before thermal runaway. Details of reaction pathways for these processes are discussed. C1 [Weismiller, Michael R.; Junkermeier, Chad E.; Russo, Michael F., Jr.; van Duin, Adri C. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Salazar, Michael R.] Union Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, TN 38305 USA. [Bedrov, Dmitry] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Weismiller, MR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6185,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM acv13@psu.edu FU Air Force through SBIR programs [FA9300-11-C-3012] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of this work by the Air Force through SBIR programs (contract number FA9300-11-C-3012) to Wasatch Molecular Inc. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. The authors acknowledge the Research Computing and Cyberinfrastructure Unit of Information Technology Services at The Pennsylvania State University for providing advanced computing resources and services that have contributed to the results reported in this paper. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 23 IS 7 AR 074007 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/23/7/074007 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY5LN UT WOS:000366449200008 ER PT J AU Rutherford, B Dunkerton, TJ Montgomery, MT AF Rutherford, B. Dunkerton, T. J. Montgomery, M. T. TI Lagrangian vortices in developing tropical cyclones SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE vortex identification; Lagrangian coherent structures; tropical cyclogenesis ID WAVE CRITICAL LAYER; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; COHERENT STRUCTURES; VELOCITY-FIELDS; 2D TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; VORTEX; CYCLOGENESIS; CRITERION; SYSTEMS AB Tracking pre-genesis tropical cyclones is important for earlier detection of developing systems as well as targeting potential locations for dropsondes in field experiments. The use of a reference frame moving with the disturbance gives a more accurate depiction of streamlines and closed circulation than the Earth-relative frame. However, identification of recirculating regions does not require a choice of reference frame when marked by the Galilean invariant Eulerian Okubo-Weiss (OW) parameter. While the Eulerian OW parameter is generally effective at identifying vortex cores at a given place and a given time, it has its limitations in weak disturbances and in time-dependent flows. Integrating the eigenvalue of the velocity gradient tensor along particle trajectories provides a time-smoothing of the Eulerian OW parameter, and provides earlier detection with fewer false alarms. We refer to this integration along trajectories as the Lagrangian OW parameter. When mapped to a horizontal grid it becomes a Lagrangian OW field. The Lagrangian OW field has advantages over the Eulerian OW field in the detail of additional flow structures that it identifies. The Lagrangian OW field shows the Lagrangian boundaries that are present as a disturbance develops from an easterly wave, and a shear sheath that forms when a disturbance becomes self-sustaining, typically at tropical storm strength. Since all of these structures are Lagrangian, they are advected with the flow field, and display the continuous evolution of coherent flow features as the fluid evolves. Examples of the use of the Lagrangian OW field are given for ECMWF forecast data from the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season. All of the Lagrangian coherent structures that can be identified by this field are shown for developing disturbances and mature cyclones. The Lagrangian OW field also shows additional details of vortex mergers, and is used to identify a stable crystal lattice configuration in which vorticity does not aggregate. C1 [Rutherford, B.; Dunkerton, T. J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rutherford, B (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, POB 3027, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. EM blake5rut@gmail.com FU NSF [AGS-1439283, AGS-1313948]; NASA [NNG11PK021]; U.S. Naval Postgraduate School FX BR and TJD would like to acknowledge support from NSF grant AGS-1439283. MTM would like to acknowledge NSF grant AGS-1313948, NASA grant NNG11PK021, and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. The authors would also like to thank Gerard Kilroy and Roger Smith and the German Weather Service for providing us with the ECMWF global model data for this basic research investigation. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 693 BP 3344 EP 3354 DI 10.1002/qj.2616 PN B PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ1IW UT WOS:000366860500032 ER PT J AU Rainwater, S Bishop, CH Campbell, WF AF Rainwater, Sabrina Bishop, Craig H. Campbell, William F. TI The benefits of correlated observation errors for small scales SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE correlated observation error; high-resolution analysis; observation-error covariance; data assimilation ID DATA ASSIMILATION; OBSERVATION DENSITY; RESOLUTION AB In operational data assimilation, observation errors are generally assumed to be uncorrelated, though some observations, such as satellite data, have correlated errors. We show that, if observation-error correlations are correctly accounted for, an observing instrument with spatially correlated errors is better able to resolve small scales than an instrument with the same error variance and uncorrelated errors. We explore the disadvantages of falsely assuming uncorrelated observation errors, investigating two methods of compensating for such mis-specification by either observation-error inflation or data thinning. We identify scenarios in which correctly specifying the covariance reduces small-scale error by over 99%. C1 [Rainwater, Sabrina] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bishop, Craig H.; Campbell, William F.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rainwater, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Sabrina.Rainwater.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001413WX00008] FX SR and CHB acknowledge support from Office of Naval Research Grant N0001413WX00008. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers and Dr T. Janjic Pfander, whose thoughtful comments improved this article. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 693 BP 3439 EP 3445 DI 10.1002/qj.2582 PN B PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ1IW UT WOS:000366860500041 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Bzowski, M Fuselier, SA Frisch, PC Galli, A Izmodenov, VV Katushkina, OA Kubiak, MA Lee, MA Leonard, TW Mobius, E Park, J Schwadron, NA Sokol, JM Swaczyna, P Wood, BE Wurz, P AF McComas, D. J. Bzowski, M. Fuselier, S. A. Frisch, P. C. Galli, A. Izmodenov, V. V. Katushkina, O. A. Kubiak, M. A. Lee, M. A. Leonard, T. W. Moebius, E. Park, J. Schwadron, N. A. Sokol, J. M. Swaczyna, P. Wood, B. E. Wurz, P. TI LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: SIX YEARS OF DIRECT SAMPLING BY IBEX SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; ISM: general; local interstellar matter; Sun: heliosphere ID BOUNDARY-EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; LO OBSERVATIONS; FLOW PARAMETERS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ABUNDANCE RATIO; NEUTRAL HELIUM; HYDROGEN WALL; STELLAR-WIND; GAS-FLOW AB The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has been directly observing neutral atoms from the local interstellar medium for the last six years (2009-2014). This paper ties together the 14 studies in this Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Special Issue, which collectively describe the IBEX interstellar neutral results from this epoch and provide a number of other relevant theoretical and observational results. Interstellar neutrals interact with each other and with the ionized portion of the interstellar population in the "pristine" interstellar medium ahead of the heliosphere. Then, in the heliosphere's close vicinity, the interstellar medium begins to interact with escaping heliospheric neutrals. In this study, we compare the results from two major analysis approaches led by IBEX groups in New Hampshire and Warsaw. We also directly address the question of the distance upstream to the pristine interstellar medium and adjust both sets of results to a common distance of similar to 1000 AU. The two analysis approaches are quite different, but yield fully consistent measurements of the interstellar He flow properties, further validating our findings. While detailed error bars are given for both approaches, we recommend that for most purposes, the community use "working values" of similar to 25.4 km s(-1), similar to 75 degrees.7 ecliptic inflow longitude, similar to-5 degrees.1 ecliptic inflow latitude, and similar to 7500 K temperature at similar to 1000 AU upstream. Finally, we briefly address future opportunities for even better interstellar neutral observations to be provided by the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe mission, which was recommended as the next major Heliophysics mission by the NRC's 2013 Decadal Survey. C1 [McComas, D. J.; Fuselier, S. A.; Schwadron, N. A.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [McComas, D. J.; Fuselier, S. A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Bzowski, M.; Kubiak, M. A.; Sokol, J. M.; Swaczyna, P.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-01237 Warsaw, Poland. [Frisch, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Galli, A.; Wurz, P.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Izmodenov, V. V.; Katushkina, O. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Izmodenov, V. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Izmodenov, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Mech, Moscow, Russia. [Lee, M. A.; Leonard, T. W.; Moebius, E.; Park, J.; Schwadron, N. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wood, B. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM dmccomas@swri.edu; bzowski@cbk.waw.pl; sfuselier@swri.edu; frisch@oddjob.uchicago.edu; andre.galli@space.unibe.ch; izmod@iki.rssi.ru; okat@iki.rssi.ru; mkubiak@cbk.waw.pl; mlee@unh.edu; twp5@wildcats.unh.edu; eberhard.moebius@unh.edu; Nathan.schwadron@unh.edu; jsokol@cbk.waw.pl; pswaczyna@cbk.waw.pl; brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil; peter.wurz@space.unibe.ch RI Swaczyna, Pawel/O-3098-2013; Katushkina, Olga/M-7553-2013; Sokol, Justyna/K-2892-2015; Izmodenov, Vladislav/K-6073-2012 OI Swaczyna, Pawel/0000-0002-9033-0809; Katushkina, Olga/0000-0002-9378-1533; Izmodenov, Vladislav/0000-0002-1748-0982 FU Polish National Science Center grant [2012-06-M-ST9-00455]; Swiss National Science Foundation; NASA [NNH13AV19I]; RFBR grant [14-02-00746] FX We thank all of the outstanding men and women who made the IBEX mission possible. This work was carried out under the IBEX mission which is part of NASA's Explorer Program. Support was also provided by the Polish National Science Center grant 2012-06-M-ST9-00455, the Swiss National Science Foundation. B.W. acknowledges the support of NASA through award NNH13AV19I to the Naval Research Laboratory. O.K. and V.I. have been supported by RFBR grant No. 14-02-00746. NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 220 IS 2 AR 22 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/220/2/22 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CY4NN UT WOS:000366384900001 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Muller, HR Bzowski, M Sokol, JM Mobius, E Witte, M McComas, DJ AF Wood, Brian E. Mueller, Hans-Reinhard Bzowski, Maciej Sokol, Justyna M. Moebius, Eberhard Witte, Manfred McComas, David J. TI EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY OF O AND Ne CONTAMINATION IN ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF INTERSTELLAR HELIUM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM: atoms; Sun: heliosphere ID IBEX-LO OBSERVATIONS; INTERPLANETARY HYDROGEN; FLOW PARAMETERS; ABUNDANCE RATIO; NEUTRAL HELIUM; SOLAR-SYSTEM; BOW SHOCK; HELIOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN AB We explore the possibility that interstellar O and Ne may be contributing to the particle signal from the GAS instrument on Ulysses, which is generally assumed to be entirely He. Motivating this study is the recognition that an interstellar temperature higher than any previously estimated from Ulysses data could potentially resolve a discrepancy between Ulysses He measurements and those from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). Contamination by O and Ne could lead to Ulysses temperature measurements that are too low. We estimate the degree of O and Ne contamination necessary to increase the inferred Ulysses temperature to 8500 K, which would be consistent with both the Ulysses and IBEX data given the same interstellar flow speed. We find that producing the desired effect requires a heavy element contamination level of similar to 9% of the total Ulysses/GAS signal. However, this degree of heavy element contribution is about an order of magnitude higher than expected based on our best estimates of detection efficiencies, ISM abundances, and heliospheric survival probabilities, making it unlikely that heavy element contamination is significantly affecting temperatures derived from Ulysses data. C1 [Wood, Brian E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mueller, Hans-Reinhard] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bzowski, Maciej; Sokol, Justyna M.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Moebius, Eberhard] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Moebius, Eberhard] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Witte, Manfred] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [McComas, David J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil RI Sokol, Justyna/K-2892-2015; OI Mueller, Hans-Reinhard/0000-0001-7364-5377 FU NASA [NNH13AV19I]; Polish National Science Centre [2012-06-M-ST9-00455]; NASA Explorer Program FX This work has been supported by NASA award NNH13AV19I to the Naval Research Laboratory. M.B. and J.M.S. were supported by Polish National Science Centre grant 2012-06-M-ST9-00455. Work by IBEX team members was supported as a part of this mission by the NASA Explorer Program. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 220 IS 2 AR 31 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/220/2/31 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CY4NN UT WOS:000366384900010 ER PT J AU Hendrickx, K Megner, L Gumbel, J Siskind, DE Orsolini, YJ Tyssoy, HN Hervig, M AF Hendrickx, K. Megner, L. Gumbel, J. Siskind, D. E. Orsolini, Y. J. Tyssoy, H. Nesse Hervig, M. TI Observation of 27day solar cycles in the production and mesospheric descent of EPP-produced NO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE energetic particle precipitation (EPP); mesosphere; nitric oxide; geomagnetic index; middle atmosphere; mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) ID UNIVERSAL TIME VARIATIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ICE EXPERIMENT; PROTON EVENTS; STRATOSPHERE; OCCULTATION; LATITUDES AB Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region, and during the polar winter, NO can descend to stratospheric altitudes where it destroys ozone. In this paper, we study the general scenario, as opposed to a case study, of NO production in the thermosphere due to energetic particles in the auroral region. We first investigate the relationship between NO production and two geomagnetic indices. The analysis indicates that the auroral electrojet index is a more suitable proxy for EPP-produced NO than the typically used midlatitude Ap index. In order to study the production and downward transport of NO from the lower thermosphere to the mesosphere, we perform superposed epoch analyses on NO observations made by the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment instrument on board the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite. The epoch analysis clearly shows the impact of the 27day solar cycle on NO production. The effect is observed down to an altitude range of about 50km to 65km, depending on the hemisphere and the occurrence of stratospheric warmings. Initially, a rapid downward transport is noted during the first 10days after EPP onset to an altitude of about 80-85km, which is then followed by a slower downward transport of approximately 1-1.2km/d to lower mesospheric altitudes in the order of 30days. C1 [Hendrickx, K.; Megner, L.; Gumbel, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Siskind, D. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DE USA. [Orsolini, Y. J.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Orsolini, Y. J.; Tyssoy, H. Nesse] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Bergen, Norway. [Hervig, M.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. RP Hendrickx, K (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM koen.hendrickx@misu.su.se RI Hendrickx, Koen/R-1712-2016 OI Hendrickx, Koen/0000-0003-3679-6744 FU Swedish Research Council [621-2012-1648]; NASA/AIM mission - NASA's Small Explorers Program [NAS5-03132]; Research Council of Norway/CoE [223252/F50] FX The authors acknowledge the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, for providing AE and Ap data (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/Sec3.html). They also acknowledge the NOAA Space Environment Services Center for providing data on Earth affecting solar proton events (http://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/SEP/). L.M. was supported by the Swedish Research Council under contract 621-2012-1648. D.E.S. and M.H. were supported by the NASA/AIM mission which is funded by NASA's Small Explorers Program under contract NAS5-03132. Y.O.R. and H.N.T. were supported by the Research Council of Norway/CoE under contract 223252/F50. K.H. and L.M. thank V.L. Harvey, S.M. Bailey, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and fruitful discussions. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 8978 EP 8988 DI 10.1002/2015JA021441 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CY0ZI UT WOS:000366135200058 ER PT J AU Huntley, HS Lipphardt, BL Jacobs, G Kirwan, AD AF Huntley, Helga S. Lipphardt, B. L., Jr. Jacobs, Gregg Kirwan, A. D., Jr. TI Clusters, deformation, and dilation: Diagnostics for material accumulation regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; WATER-HORIZON SPILL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RELATIVE DISPERSION; FLOWS; OCEAN; TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE; CIRCULATION AB Clusters of material at the ocean surface have been frequently observed. Such accumulations of material play an important role in a variety of applications, from biology to pollution mitigation. Identifying where clusters will form can aid in locating, for example, hotspots of biological activity or regions of high pollutant concentration. Here cluster strength is introduced as a new metric for defining clusters when all particle positions are known. To diagnose regions likely to contain clusters without the need to integrate millions of particle trajectories, we propose to use dilation, which quantifies area changes of Lagrangian patches. Material deformation is decomposed into dilation and area-preserving stretch processes to refine previous approaches based on finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) by splitting the FTLE into fundamental kinematic properties. The concepts are developed theoretically and illustrated in the context of a state-of-the-art data-assimilating predictive ocean model of the Gulf of Mexico. Regions of dilation less than one are shown to be much more likely (6 times more likely in the given example) to be visited by particles than those of dilation greater than one. While the relationship is nonlinear, dilation and cluster strength exhibit a fairly good correlation. In contrast, both stretch and Eulerian divergence are found to be uncorrelated with cluster strength. Thus, dilation maps can be used as guides for identifying cluster locations, while saving some of the computational cost of trajectory integrations. C1 [Huntley, Helga S.; Lipphardt, B. L., Jr.; Kirwan, A. D., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jacobs, Gregg] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Huntley, HS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM helgah@udel.edu FU Office of Naval Research for MURI OCEAN 3D11 [N00014-11-1-0087]; BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative for the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment FX The model velocity fields used here are archived at the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative's Information and Data Cooperative's website https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org and can be retrieved under doi number 10.7266/N72Z13F4. All model data used for the analysis, including particle trajectories, are also available upon request from the corresponding author. This work was funded in part by grant N00014-11-1-0087 from the Office of Naval Research for MURI OCEAN 3D11 and in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative for the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 6622 EP 6636 DI 10.1002/2015JC011036 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX2PS UT WOS:000365539700002 ER PT J AU Wijesekera, HW Jensen, TG Jarosz, E Teague, WJ Metzger, EJ Wang, DW Jinadasa, SUP Arulananthan, K Centurioni, LR Fernando, HJS AF Wijesekera, H. W. Jensen, T. G. Jarosz, E. Teague, W. J. Metzger, E. J. Wang, D. W. Jinadasa, S. U. P. Arulananthan, K. Centurioni, L. R. Fernando, H. J. S. TI Southern Bay of Bengal currents and salinity intrusions during the northeast monsoon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INDIA COASTAL CURRENT; MIXED-LAYER; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION; DYNAMICS; DRIFTERS AB Shipboard velocity and hydrographic profiles collected in December 2013 along with drifter observations, satellite altimetry, global ocean nowcast/forecast products, and coupled model simulations were used to examine the circulation in the southern Bay of Bengal as part of ongoing international research efforts in the region. The observations captured the southward flowing East India Coastal Current (EICC) off southeast India and east of Sri Lanka. The EICC was approximately 100 km wide, with speeds exceeding 1 m s(-1) in the upper 75 m. East of the EICC, a subsurface-intensified 300 km-wide, northward current was observed, with maximum speeds as high as 1 m s(-1) between 50 m and 75 m. The EICC moved low-salinity water out of the bay and the subsurface northward flow carried high-salinity water into the bay during typical northeast monsoon conditions during a time period when the central equatorial Indian Ocean was experiencing a westerly wind burst related to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) event. While the northward subsurface high-salinity flow has previously been observed during the southwest monsoon, it was observed during the northeast monsoon. The observations are consistent with northward high-salinity subsurface flow in numerical model solutions. The analysis suggests that direct forcing along the equator may play a significant role for high-salinity intrusions east of Sri Lanka. C1 [Wijesekera, H. W.; Jensen, T. G.; Jarosz, E.; Teague, W. J.; Metzger, E. J.; Wang, D. W.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Jinadasa, S. U. P.; Arulananthan, K.] Nat Aquat Resources Res & Dev Agcy, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Centurioni, L. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn Environm & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wijesekera, HW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hemantha.wijesekera@nrlssc.navy.mil FU ONR [N00014-13-1-0199, N00014-14-1-0279, N00014-13-1-0477]; NOAA [NA10OAR4320156] FX This work was sponsored by the ONR in a NRL project referred to as "The Effects of Bay of Bengal Freshwater Flux on Indian Ocean Monsoon (EBOB).'' Support for Fernando, Jinadasa, Arulananthan, was provided through ONR grants N00014-13-1-0199 and N00014-14-1-0279. Centurioni was supported by ONR grant N00014-13-1-0477 and NOAA grant "Global Drifter Program'' NA10OAR4320156. Assistance provided by the crew of the R/V Roger Revelle was greatly appreciated. Deploying drifters around Sri Lanka by the crew of R/V Samuddrika and NARA technical staff members was greatly appreciated. We also thank Emily Shroyer and Jen Mackinnon for their assistance for the deployment of drifters during the R/V Roger Revelle cruise in November 2014. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Observations presented in the manuscript are open-access data. Contact the first author for accessing the data (hemantha.wijesekera@nrlssc.navy.mil). NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 6897 EP 6913 DI 10.1002/2015JC010744 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX2PS UT WOS:000365539700018 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Gray, DJ AF Zhang, Xiaodong Gray, Deric J. TI Backscattering by very small particles in coastal waters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID VOLUME SCATTERING FUNCTION; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MARINE SUBMICRON PARTICLES; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; CLEAREST NATURAL-WATERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPEN-OCEAN; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB The volume scattering and backscattering by very small particles (VSPs) of sizes < 0.2 mu m in four coastal waters in U.S. (Chesapeake Bay, Monterey Bay, Mobile Bay, and the LEO-15 site) were estimated by inverting the measured volume scattering functions (VSFs) at 532 nm. The measured VSFs are consistent with concurrent measurements of total scattering coefficients by the ac-meters and angular scattering at 100, 125, and 1508 by the ECO-VSF sensor and at 1408 by the HydroScat-6 sensor. The inferred backscattering coefficients by the VSPs correlate strongly with the absorption coefficients measured for the colored dissolved organic matter, indicating that the dissolved portion of particles do scatter light. In the coastal waters that we studied, the backscattering by VSPs dominate over larger particles (of sizes >0.2 mu m), accounting for 40-80% of total backscattering at 532 nm, while only account for <5% of total scattering. C1 [Zhang, Xiaodong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Gray, Deric J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhang, XD (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM zhang@aero.und.edu FU US Office of Naval Research; NASA [NNX13AN72G, NNX15AC85G] FX This research was partially supported by the US Office of Naval Research. X. Z. acknowledges funding support from NASA NNX13AN72G and NASA NNX15AC85G. We would like to thank the late Bill Snyder for organizing the deployments and Rick Gould for arranging water sample processing. Chromatographic analysis was performed at the University of Maryland's Horn Point Laboratory. We thank Giorgio Dall'Olmo for sharing the fractionation data and Dariusz Stramski for sharing the simulated results on small colloidal particles. The comments by two anonymous reviewers have led to great improvement of the manuscript. The VSF data for the LEO-15 site are provided by Emmanuel Boss (emmanuel.boss@maine.edu). The VSF data for other sites are available from the authors upon request (zhang@aero.und.edu or deric.gray@nrl.navy.mil). NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 6914 EP 6926 DI 10.1002/2015JC010936 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX2PS UT WOS:000365539700019 ER PT J AU Shahin, DI Anderson, TJ Feygelson, TI Pate, BB Wheeler, VD Greenlee, JD Hite, JK Tadjer, MJ Christou, A Hobart, KD AF Shahin, David I. Anderson, Travis J. Feygelson, Tatyana I. Pate, Bradford B. Wheeler, Virginia D. Greenlee, Jordan D. Hite, Jennifer K. Tadjer, Marko J. Christou, Aristos Hobart, Karl D. TI Thermal etching of nanocrystalline diamond films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Diamond film; Nanocrystalline; Etching; Oxidation; High power electronics; Electronic device structures ID PLASMA; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; SURFACES; CVD; FABRICATION; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE; MASK; XPS AB A dry process for selective etching of nanocrystalline diamond thin films has been developed as an alternative to plasma etching. This process relies on subjecting masked diamond films to a controlled oxygen atmosphere at temperatures of 700-800 degrees C to controllably etch both vertically through the film and laterally underneath the mask SiO2, SiNx, and Al2O3 films constitute viable mask materials for this process, provided that the underlying diamond film is fully outgassed before mask deposition and diamond etching. As expected, etching occurred more rapidly at higher temperatures. The etch rate was higher in the lateral direction than the vertical direction, which has been attributed to accelerated etching along disordered grain boundaries and the underlying nucleation layer. Similar activation energies (136-140 kj/mol) were obtained for both lateral and vertical etching from 700 to 800 degrees C. Using the dry etch process developed in this research, diamond films can be removed from exposed features and undercut masked regions at a controlled rate, as indicated by microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shahin, David I.; Christou, Aristos] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Travis J.; Feygelson, Tatyana I.; Pate, Bradford B.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Greenlee, Jordan D.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Hobart, Karl D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shahin, DI (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2135 Chem & Nucl Engn Bldg 090, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dshahin@umd.edu RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010 OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947 FU National Research Council; NRL Institute for Nanoscience FX J.D.G. thanks the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The authors thank the NRL Institute for Nanoscience for equipment use and support. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 59 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2015.09.017 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CW3HC UT WOS:000364881600016 ER PT J AU Queen, DR Liu, X Karel, J Wang, Q Crandall, RS Metcalf, TH Hellman, F AF Queen, D. R. Liu, X. Karel, J. Wang, Q. Crandall, R. S. Metcalf, T. H. Hellman, F. TI Light-induced metastability in pure and hydrogenated amorphous silicon SO EPL LA English DT Article ID A-SI-H; LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INTERNAL-FRICTION; DEVICE-QUALITY; THIN-FILMS; SOLIDS; HEAT; DEPOSITION; GLASSES AB Light soaking is found to increase the specific heat C and internal friction Q(-1) of pure (a-Si) and hydrogenated (a-Si: H) amorphous silicon. At the lowest temperatures, the increases in C and Q(-1) are consistent with an increased density of two-level systems (TLS). The light-induced increase in C persists to room temperature. Neither the sound velocity nor shear modulus change with light soaking indicating that the Debye specific heat is unchanged which suggests that light soaking creates localized vibrational modes in addition to TLS. The increase can be reversibly added and removed by light soaking and annealing, respectively, suggesting that it is related to the Staebler-Wronski effect (SWE), even in a-Si without H, and involves a reversible nanoscale structural rearrangement that is facilitated by, but does not require, H to occur. Copyright (C) EPLA, C1 [Queen, D. R.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, X.; Metcalf, T. H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Karel, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Q.; Crandall, R. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Queen, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0907724]; Office of Naval Research FX We thank K. M. Yu for assistance with RBS, E. Iwanizscko for growth of the a-Si:H, G. Hohensee and D. G. Cahill for sound velocity, and D. Bobela for ESR. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation DMR-0907724. Internal friction measurements were supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD OCT PY 2015 VL 112 IS 2 AR 26001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/112/26001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CW9MO UT WOS:000365323000017 ER PT J AU Kiel, S Burclaff, N Johnson, C AF Kiel, Stephen Mike Burclaff, Natalie Johnson, Catherine TI Learning by Doing: Developing a Baseline Information Literacy Assessment SO PORTAL-LIBRARIES AND THE ACADEMY LA English DT Article AB This paper details the design and implementation of an initial baseline assessment of information literacy skills at the University of Baltimore in Maryland. To provide practical advice and experience for a novice audience, the authors discuss how they approached the design and implementation of the study through the use of a rubric-based authentic assessment, employing a pretest and posttest delivered through a course management system. They also present lessons learned through the process of assessment focused on norming, test design and delivery, and the importance of institutional support and flexibility. C1 [Kiel, Stephen Mike; Burclaff, Natalie] Univ Baltimore, Langsdale Lib, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Johnson, Catherine] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Johnson, Catherine] Univ Baltimore, Langsdale Lib, Informat Literacy Initiat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kiel, S (reprint author), Univ Baltimore, Langsdale Lib, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM skiel@ubalt.edu; nburclaff@ubalt.edu; cjohnson@usna.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1531-2542 EI 1530-7131 J9 PORTAL-LIBR ACAD JI Portal-Libr. Acad PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 747 EP 766 PG 20 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA CW3YE UT WOS:000364927500011 ER PT J AU Amin, R Lewis, MD Lawson, A Gould, RW Martinolich, P Li, RR Ladner, S Gallegos, S AF Amin, Ruhul Lewis, Mark David Lawson, Adam Gould, Richard W., Jr. Martinolich, Paul Li, Rong-Rong Ladner, Sherwin Gallegos, Sonia TI Comparative Analysis of GOCI Ocean Color Products SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE geostationary satellite; ocean color remote sensing; bio-optical products; APS; GDPS ID VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM; MODIS; WATER AB The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) is the first geostationary ocean color sensor in orbit that provides bio-optical properties from coastal and open waters around the Korean Peninsula at unprecedented temporal resolution. In this study, we compare the normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) products generated by the Naval Research Laboratory Automated Processing System (APS) with those produced by the stand-alone software package, the GOCI Data Processing System (GDPS), developed by the Korean Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI). Both results are then compared to the nLw measured by the above water radiometer at the Ieodo site. This above-water radiometer is part of the Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AeroNET). The results indicate that the APS and GDPS processed nLw correlates well within the same image slot where the coefficient of determination (r(2)) is higher than 0.84 for all the bands from 412 nm to 745 nm. The agreement between APS and the AeroNET data is higher when compared to the GDPS results. The Root-Mean-Squared-Error (RMSE) between AeroNET and APS data ranges from 0.24 [mW/(cm(2)sr mu m)] at 555 nm to 0.52 [mW/(cm(2)sr mu m)] at 412 nm while RMSE between AeroNET and GDPS data ranges from 0.47 [mW/(cm(2)sr mu m)] at 443 nm to 0.69 [mW/(cm(2)sr mu m)] at 490 nm. C1 [Amin, Ruhul] BioOptoSense LLC, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. [Lewis, Mark David; Lawson, Adam; Gould, Richard W., Jr.; Ladner, Sherwin; Gallegos, Sonia] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Martinolich, Paul] Vencore Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Li, Rong-Rong] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amin, R (reprint author), BioOptoSense LLC, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. EM biooptosense@gmail.com; David.Lewis@nrlssc.navy.mil; Adam.Lawson@nrlssc.navy.mil; Richard.Gould@nrlssc.navy.mil; Paul.Martinolich.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil; rong-rong.li@nrl.navy.mil; Sherwin.Ladner@nrlssc.navy.mil; Sonia.Gallegos@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) project; Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) through NASA [NNH11CD70A] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) project, "Improving Blended Multi-Sensor Ocean Color Products through Assessment of Sensor Measurement Differences" and by the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) through NASA Cooperative Agreement NNH11CD70A. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 25703 EP 25715 DI 10.3390/s151025703 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CV4MX UT WOS:000364242300053 PM 26473861 ER PT J AU Aschwanden, MJ Boerner, P Caspi, A McTiernan, JM Ryan, D Warren, H AF Aschwanden, Markus J. Boerner, Paul Caspi, Amir McTiernan, James M. Ryan, Daniel Warren, Harry TI Benchmark Test of Differential Emission Measure Codes and Multi-thermal Energies in Solar Active Regions SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Thermal analysis; Differential emission measure analysis; Methods ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; ELECTRON FLUX SPECTRA; FLARE PLASMA; FUNDAMENTAL LIMITATIONS; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; RHESSI OBSERVATIONS; CORONAL LOOPS; DIAGNOSTICS; DYNAMICS; SDO/AIA AB We compare the ability of 11 differential emission measure (DEM) forward-fitting and inversion methods to constrain the properties of active regions and solar flares by simulating synthetic data using the instrumental response functions of the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) and EUV Variability Experiment (SDO/EVE), the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite/X-ray Sensor (GOES/XRS). The codes include the single-Gaussian DEM, a bi-Gaussian DEM, a fixed-Gaussian DEM, a linear spline DEM, the spatial-synthesis DEM, the Monte-Carlo Markov Chain DEM, the regularized DEM inversion, the Hinode/X-Ray Telescope (XRT) method, a polynomial spline DEM, an EVE+GOES, and an EVE+RHESSI method. Averaging the results from all 11 DEM methods, we find the following accuracies in the inversion of physical parameters: the EM-weighted temperature , the peak emission measure , the total emission measure , and the multi-thermal energies . We find that the AIA spatial-synthesis, the EVE+GOES, and the EVE+RHESSI method yield the most accurate results. C1 [Aschwanden, Markus J.; Boerner, Paul] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Caspi, Amir] Southwest Res Inst, Planetary Sci Directorate, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [McTiernan, James M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ryan, Daniel] Solar Terr Ctr Excellence, Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Warren, Harry] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aschwanden, MJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Org A021S,Bldg 252,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM aschwanden@lmsal.com; amir@boulder.swri.edu; jimm@ssl.berkeley.edu; ryand5@tcd.ie; harry.warren@nrl.navy.mil OI Caspi, Amir/0000-0001-8702-8273 FU NASA [NNG04EA00C, NNX12AH48G, NAS5-98033, NAS5-02140] FX We dedicate this work to Roger J. Thomas (deceased on 19 May 2015), with whom several of the authors worked at NASA/GSFC, an internationally recognized expert in EUV spectrography and GOES calibration, which is used in this work. We thank the referee for insightful and constructive comments. We acknowledge useful discussions with Marc Cheung, Paola Testa, and Amy Winebarger. This work is partially supported by NASA under contract NNG04EA00C for the SDO/AIA instrument. Amir Caspi, James M. McTiernan, and Harry P. Warren were partially supported by NASA grant NNX12AH48G and NASA contracts NAS5-98033 and NAS5-02140. Data are provided courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA and EVE science teams. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 290 IS 10 BP 2733 EP 2763 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0790-0 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW8AE UT WOS:000365220000007 ER PT J AU Guo, H Simpkins, B Caldwell, JD Guo, JP AF Guo, Hong Simpkins, Blake Caldwell, Joshua D. Guo, Junpeng TI Resonance spectra of diabolo optical antenna arrays SO AIP Advances LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; BOWTIE NANOANTENNA ARRAYS; FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULE; GRATINGS; APERTURE AB A complete set of diabolo optical antenna arrays with different waist widths and periods was fabricated on a sapphire substrate by using a standard e-beam lithography and lift-off process. Fabricated diabolo optical antenna arrays were characterized by measuring the transmittance and reflectance with a microscope-coupled FTIR spectrometer. It was found experimentally that reducing the waist width significantly shifts the resonance to longer wavelength and narrowing the waist of the antennas is more effective than increasing the period of the array for tuning the resonance wavelength. Also it is found that the magnetic field enhancement near the antenna waist is correlated to the shift of the resonance wavelength. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Guo, Hong; Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Simpkins, Blake; Caldwell, Joshua D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM guoj@uah.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; guo, hong/0000-0001-5227-225X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1158862]; Alabama Graduate Research Scholars Program FX This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) (1158862). Hong Guo acknowledges the support from the Alabama Graduate Research Scholars Program. Authors acknowledge Dr. Jeffrey C. Owrutsky and Dr. James P. Long for insightful discussions on optical antennas. Correspondence should be sent to guoj@uah.edu. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 5 IS 10 AR 107149 DI 10.1063/1.4935194 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CV4HW UT WOS:000364228800049 ER PT J AU Barrows, A Vachon, T Campin, RC Ignacio, RC AF Barrows, Amy Vachon, Tyler Campin, Richard C. Ignacio, Romeo C., Jr. TI Trichobezoars Detected and Treated Based on Plain Radiography SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RAPUNZEL-SYNDROME; GASTRIC TRICHOBEZOAR; BEZOARS; OBSTRUCTION; MANAGEMENT AB Bezoars are conglomerations of indigestible material that become trapped in the gastrointestinal tract. We present a case of an 8-year-old female child diagnosed with a gastric bezoar solely on plain radiography and treated with abdominal surgical exploration and removal. In addition, traditional characteristic radiographic findings and treatment options for bezoars found in the current literature are reviewed. C1 [Barrows, Amy] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Vachon, Tyler; Campin, Richard C.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Ignacio, Romeo C., Jr.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pediat Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Barrows, A (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 180 IS 10 BP E1136 EP E1138 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00722 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CV9UP UT WOS:000364632900009 PM 26444484 ER PT J AU Rabouw, FT Vaxenburg, R Bakulin, AA van Dijk-Moes, RJA Bakker, HJ Rodina, A Lifshitz, E Efros, AL Koenderink, AF Vanmaekelbergh, D AF Rabouw, Freddy T. Vaxenburg, Roman Bakulin, Artem A. van Dijk-Moes, Relinde J. A. Bakker, Huib J. Rodina, Anna Lifshitz, Efrat Efros, Alexander L. Koenderink, A. Femius Vanmaekelbergh, Daniel TI Dynamics of Intraband and Interband Auger Processes in Colloidal Core-Shell Quantum Dots SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; Auger processes; transient absorption; single quantum dot spectroscopy; k.p theory ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHONON BOTTLENECK; RECOMBINATION; BLINKING; RELAXATION; ELECTRON; SUPPRESSION; INTERFACE; HETERONANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Conventional colloidal quantum dots (QDs) suffer from rapid energy losses by nonradiative (Auger) processes, leading to sub-ns lifetimes in all excited states but the lowest-energy single exciton. Suppression of interband Auger decay, such as biexciton Auger recombination, has been achieved with the design of heterostructured core shell QDs. Auger-like processes are also believed to be responsible for rapid intraband hot-electron cooling in QDs. However, the simultaneous effect of shell growth on interband Auger recombination and intraband hot-electron cooling has not been addressed. Here we investigate how the growth of a CdS shell affects these two relaxation processes in CdSe/CdS core shell QDs. Using a combination of ultrafast pump push probe spectroscopy on the QD ensemble and analysis of the photon statistics from single QDs, we find that Auger losses in the biexciton state are suppressed with increasing shell thickness, while hot-electron cooling remains unaffected. Calculations conducted within an eight-band k.p model confirm the experimental dependence of the biexciton Auger decay on the shell thickness, and provide insights into the factors determining the cooling rate of hot carriers. C1 [Rabouw, Freddy T.; van Dijk-Moes, Relinde J. A.; Vanmaekelbergh, Daniel] Debye Inst Nanomat Sci, Condensed Matter & Interfaces, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Vaxenburg, Roman; Lifshitz, Efrat] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Bakulin, Artem A.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Bakulin, Artem A.; Bakker, Huib J.; Koenderink, A. Femius] FOM Inst AMOLF, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Rodina, Anna] Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Efros, Alexander L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vanmaekelbergh, D (reprint author), Debye Inst Nanomat Sci, Condensed Matter & Interfaces, Princetonpl 1, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM d.vanmaekelbergh@uu.nl RI Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Vaxenburg, Roman/P-8190-2016; OI Bakulin, Artem/0000-0002-3998-2000 FU Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO); Germany-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF); Volkswagen Foundation (VW); Israel Science Foundation (ISF); Focal Technology Areas (FTA); Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program; NWO; NCCR SwissMAP of the Swiss National Science Foundation FX This work is part of the research program of the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)", which is financially supported by the "Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)". R.V. and E.L. acknowledge the support of the Germany-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF), Volkswagen Foundation (VW), Israel Science Foundation (ISF) Bikura project, and Focal Technology Areas (FTA). ALE. acknowledges the financial support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. A.A.B. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow, and also acknowledges a Veni grant from NWO. A.R. acknowledges the support from the NCCR SwissMAP of the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 16 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2015 VL 9 IS 10 BP 10366 EP 10376 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b04491 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CV0CP UT WOS:000363915300092 PM 26389562 ER PT J AU Liu, S Wilkerson, R AF Liu, Scott Wilkerson, Rashad TI Salmonella and Crohn's: Continued Debate of Colitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 16-21, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 [Liu, Scott] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Norfolk, VA USA. [Wilkerson, Rashad] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 EI 1572-0241 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 110 SU 1 MA 677 BP S299 EP S299 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA CU7KO UT WOS:000363715901226 ER PT J AU Fujii, Y Cummings, J Xue, Y Schiller, A Lee, T Balmaseda, MA Remy, E Masuda, S Brassington, G Alves, O Cornuelle, B Martin, M Oke, P Smith, G Yang, XS AF Fujii, Yosuke Cummings, James Xue, Yan Schiller, Andreas Lee, Tong Balmaseda, Magdalena Alonso Remy, Elisabeth Masuda, Shuhei Brassington, Gary Alves, Oscar Cornuelle, Bruce Martin, Matthew Oke, Peter Smith, Gregory Yang, Xiaosong TI Evaluation of the Tropical Pacific Observing System from the ocean data assimilation perspective SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE TPOS2020; ocean data assimilation; TAO; TRITON array; observing system evaluation; observing system experiment ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HEAT-CONTENT; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE PREDICTION; INSTABILITY WAVES; PART I; ENSEMBLE AB The drastic reduction in the number of observation data from the Tropical Atmospheric Ocean (TAO)/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) array since 2012 has given rise to a need to assess the impact of those data in ocean data assimilation (DA) systems. This article provides a review of existing studies evaluating the impacts of data from the TAO/TRITON array and other components of the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) on current ocean DA systems used for a variety of operational and research applications. It can be considered as background information that can guide the evaluation exercise of TPOS. Temperature data from TAO/TRITON array are assimilated in most ocean DA systems which cover the tropical Pacific in order to constrain the ocean heat content, stratification, and circulation. It is shown that the impacts of observation data depend considerably on the system and application. The presence of model error often makes the results difficult to interpret. Nevertheless there is consensus that the data from TAO/TRITON generally have positive impacts complementary to Argo floats. In the equatorial Pacific, the impacts are generally around the same level or larger than those of Argo. We therefore conclude that, with the current configuration of TPOS, the loss of the TAO/TRITON data is having a significant detrimental impact on many applications based on ocean DA systems. This conclusion needs to be kept under review because the equatorial coverage by Argo is expected to improve in the future. C1 [Fujii, Yosuke] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 30050052, Japan. [Cummings, James] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Xue, Yan] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Schiller, Andreas; Oke, Peter] CSIRO Oceans & Atmospher Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena Alonso] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Remy, Elisabeth] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Masuda, Shuhei] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Brassington, Gary; Alves, Oscar] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Cornuelle, Bruce] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Martin, Matthew] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Smith, Gregory] Environm Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Yang, Xiaosong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fujii, Y (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 30050052, Japan. EM yfujii@mri-jma.go.jp RI Oke, Peter/C-5127-2011; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Oke, Peter/0000-0002-3163-5610; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU JSPS KAKENHI [24740324] FX We are very grateful to two reviewers for their constructive comments. We also thank Drs D. Anderson and T. Suga, and other members of science organizing committee of the TPOS2020 workshop, as well as their secretary, Dr K. Hill, for their fruitful advice and suggestions on the article. Parts of the data used were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it. (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu; accessed 24 May 2015, http://www.jcommops.org/argo; accessed 1 July 2015). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 24740324. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 692 BP 2481 EP 2496 DI 10.1002/qj.2579 PN A PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU9LJ UT WOS:000363865700002 ER PT J AU Janssen, AW Bruderer, S Sturm, E Contursi, A Davies, R Hailey-Dunsheath, S Poglitsch, A Genzel, R Gracia-Carpio, J Lutz, D Tacconi, L Fischer, J Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Sternberg, A Veilleux, S Verma, A Burtscher, L AF Janssen, A. W. Bruderer, S. Sturm, E. Contursi, A. Davies, R. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Poglitsch, A. Genzel, R. Gracia-Carpio, J. Lutz, D. Tacconi, L. Fischer, J. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Sternberg, A. Veilleux, S. Verma, A. Burtscher, L. TI A DEEP HERSCHEL/PACS OBSERVATION OF CO(40-39) IN NGC 1068: A SEARCH FOR THE MOLECULAR TORUS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (NGC 1068); galaxies: Seyfert ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; OBSCURING TORUS; GAS CHEMISTRY; SHOCK-WAVES; EMISSION; NGC-1068; H2O; AGN; OH AB Emission from high-J CO lines in galaxies has long been proposed as a tracer of X-ray dominated regions (XDRs) produced by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Of particular interest is the question of whether the obscuring torus, which is required by AGN unification models, can be observed via high-J CO cooling lines. Here we report on the analysis of a deep Herschel/PACS observation of an extremely high-J CO transition (40-39) in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. The line was not detected, with a derived 3 sigma upper limit of 2 x 10(-17) W m(-2). We apply an XDR model in order to investigate whether the upper limit constrains the properties of a molecular torus in NGC 1068. The XDR model predicts the CO spectral line energy distributions for various gas densities and illuminating X-ray fluxes. In our model, the CO(40-39) upper limit is matched by gas with densities of similar to 10(6)-10(7) cm(-3), located at 1.6-5 pc from the AGN, with column densities of at least 1025 cm (2). At such high column densities, however, dust absorbs most of the CO(40-39) line emission at lambda = 65.69 mu m. Therefore, even if NGC 1068 has a molecular torus that radiates in the CO(40-39) line, the dust can attenuate the line emission to below the PACS detection limit. The upper limit is thus consistent with the existence of a molecular torus in NGC 1068. In general, we expect that the CO(40-39) is observable in only a few AGN nuclei (if at all), because of the required high gas column density, and absorption by dust. C1 [Janssen, A. W.; Bruderer, S.; Sturm, E.; Contursi, A.; Davies, R.; Poglitsch, A.; Genzel, R.; Gracia-Carpio, J.; Lutz, D.; Tacconi, L.; Burtscher, L.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Hailey-Dunsheath, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fischer, J.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Verma, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Janssen, AW (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM janssen@mpe.mpg.de OI Poglitsch, Albrecht/0000-0002-6414-9408 FU US ONR; NHSC; DFG [STE1869/1-1.GE625/15-1]; NASA [1427277, 1454738]; BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain) FX We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments that improved the paper. We thank Rowin Meijerink for providing us with an extended XDR grid. Basic research in infrared astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR; J.F. also acknowledges support from the NHSC. E.G.A is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. A.S. thanks the DFG for support via German-Israeli Project Cooperation grant STE1869/1-1.GE625/15-1. S.V. acknowledges support by NASA through Herschel contracts 1427277 and 1454738. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); and IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 811 IS 2 AR 74 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/811/2/74 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU4QE UT WOS:000363513800002 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Fears, KP Dressick, WJ Spann, BT Dunkelberger, AD Owrutsky, JC AF Simpkins, B. S. Fears, Kenan P. Dressick, Walter J. Spann, Bryan T. Dunkelberger, Adam D. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Spanning Strong to Weak Normal Mode Coupling between Vibrational and Fabry-Perot Cavity Modes through Tuning of Vibrational Absorption Strength SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE quantum optical chemistry; vacuum Rabi splitting; strong coupling; infrared spectroscopy; optical cavity; vibrational coupling ID SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; POLAR-SOLVENTS; VACUUM-FIELD; RELAXATION; EXCITONS; SYSTEM; STATES AB Designing coupled vibrational-cavity polariton systems to modify chemical reaction rates and paths requires an understanding of how this coupling depends on system parameters (i.e., absorber strength, modal distribution, and vibrational absorber and cavity line widths). Here, we evaluate the impact of absorption coefficient and cavity design on normal mode coupling between a Fabry-Perot cavity and a molecular vibration. For a vibrational band of urethane in a polymer matrix, the coupling strength increases with its concentration so that the system spans the weak and strong coupling regimes. The experimentally determined Rabi splitting values are in excellent agreement with an analytical expression derived for classical coupled oscillators that includes no fitting parameters. Also, the cavity mode profile is altered through choice of mirror type, with metal mirrors resulting in stronger confinement and thus coupling, while dielectric stack mirrors provide higher transmission for a given cavity quality factor and decreased coupling due to greater mode penetration into the dielectric mirror. In addition to polymers, the cavities can couple to molecular vibrational bands of dissolved species in solution, which greatly expands the range of systems that can be explored. Finally, longer path length cavities are used to demonstrate the path length independence of the coupling strength. The ability to adjust the cavity line width, through the use of higher order modes, represents a route to match the cavity dephasing time to that of the molecular vibration and may be applied to a range of molecular systems. Understanding the roles of cavity design and validating empirical and analytical descriptions of absorber properties on coupling strength will facilitate application of these strong coupling effects to enable currently unreachable chemistries. C1 [Simpkins, B. S.; Fears, Kenan P.; Spann, Bryan T.; Dunkelberger, Adam D.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] Naval Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dressick, Walter J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Chem Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil RI Spann, Bryan /P-3583-2014 OI Spann, Bryan /0000-0002-6184-3437 FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank Dr. J. P. Long and H. D. Ladouceur for guidance and the National Research Council for administering the postdoctoral program. This research was funded through the Office of Naval Research. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD OCT PY 2015 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1460 EP 1467 DI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00324 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA CU3OV UT WOS:000363435600010 ER PT J AU Maudlin, LC Wang, Z Jonsson, HH Sorooshian, A AF Maudlin, L. C. Wang, Z. Jonsson, H. H. Sorooshian, A. TI Impact of wildfires on size-resolved aerosol composition at a coastal California site SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MOUDI; Biomass burning; Marine; Aerosol; Composition; Soil; Cloud water ID 2011 E-PEACE; SOLUBLE DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; MOLECULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE AEROSOLS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SEA-SALT; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS AB Size-resolved aerosol composition measurements were conducted at a coastal site in central California during the Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) between July and August of 2013. The site is just east of ship and marine emission sources and is also influenced by continental pollution and wildfires, such as those near the California-Oregon border which occurred near the end of NiCE. Two micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDIs) were used, and water-soluble and elemental compositions were measured. The five most abundant water-soluble species (in decreasing order) were chloride, sodium, non-sea salt (nss) sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate. During wildfire periods, nss K mass concentrations were not enhanced as strongly as other species in the sub-micrometer stages and even decreased in the super-micrometer stages; species other than nss K are more reliable tracers for biomass burning in this region. Chloride levels were reduced in the fire sets likely due to chloride depletion by inorganic and organic acids that exhibited elevated levels in transported plumes. During wildfire periods, the mass size distribution of most dicarboxylic acids changed from unimodal to bimodal with peaks in the 0.32 mu m and 1.0-1.8 mu m stages. Furthermore, sulfate's peak concentration shifted from the 032 mu m to 0.56 mu m stage, and nitrate also shifted to larger sizes (1.0 mu m to 1.8-3.2 mu m stages). Mass concentrations of numerous soil tracer species (e.g., Si, Fe) were strongly enhanced in samples influenced by wildfires, especially in the sub-micrometer range. Airborne cloud water data confirm that soil species were associated with fire plumes transported south along the coast. In the absence of biomass burning, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) composition is dominated by nss sulfate and ammonium, and the water-soluble organic fraction is dominated by methanesulfonate, whereas for the samples influenced by wildfires, ammonium becomes the dominant overall species, and oxalate is the most abundant organic species. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maudlin, L. C.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wang, Z.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU ONR [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-10-1-0811] FX This work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-10-1-0811. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. The Naval Research Laboratory and EPA IMPROVE network are acknowledged for data used in this study. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 119 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.039 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT8PJ UT WOS:000363078200006 ER PT J AU Bi, MY Li, T Shen, XY Peng, M AF Bi, Mingyu Li, Tim Shen, Xinyong Peng, Melinda TI To what extent the presence of real-strength tropical cyclones influences the estimation of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation intensity? SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; ISO intensity; western North Pacific monsoon trough ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ITCZ AB An idealized dataset that contains a background seasonal mean state, a reference intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) state and real-strength tropical cyclones (TCs) was constructed, in order to examine to what extent the presence of the real-strength TCs may impact the overall ISO strength over the western North Pacific. The averaged ISO strength (measured by combined 850-hPa zonal and meridional wind fields) increases by 9% when the realistic TCs are included. The percentage increase of the overall ISO strength depends on the variable used. It is doubled (reduced to 3%) when the vorticity (stream function) is used as the estimated variable. C1 [Bi, Mingyu; Li, Tim; Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Int Lab Climate & Environm Change, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Bi, Mingyu; Li, Tim; Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Bi, Mingyu; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bi, Mingyu; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Peng, Melinda] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM timli@hawaii.edu FU China National 973 project [2015CB453200]; NSFC [41475084, 41375058]; Jiangsu Shuang-Chuang Team Award; NRL [N00173-13-1-G902] FX This work was supported by China National 973 project 2015CB453200, NSFC grants 41475084 and 41375058, Jiangsu Shuang-Chuang Team Award and NRL grant N00173-13-1-G902. The YOTC dataset was obtained from ECMWF data server at the website http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/. This is SOEST contribution number 9294, IPRC contribution number 1107 and ESMC contribution 040. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1002/asl.579 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU0JU UT WOS:000363203100003 ER PT J AU Geller, A Pomfret, M Steinhurst, DA Yu, Y Liu, Z Owrutsky, JC Eichhorn, BW AF Geller, Aaron Pomfret, Michael Steinhurst, Daniel A. Yu, Yi Liu, Zhi Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Eichhorn, Bryan W. TI Operando Tracking of Electrochemical Activity in Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells by using Near-Infrared Imaging SO CHEMELECTROCHEM LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; fuel cells; heterogeneous catalysis; IR spectroscopy; photoelectron spectroscopy ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU RAMAN; FUEL-CELLS; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; CERIA; ELECTROLYSIS; POLARIZATION; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION AB Near-infrared (NIR) imaging is used in conjunction with near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) to study chemical and electrochemical redox processes on a ceria-based solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOC). Electrochemical water electrolysis tests conducted in ambient operating conditions on standard SOCs show that NIR imaging can be used to spatially resolve the electrochemically active regions associated with an accumulation of Ce3+. These effective emissivity changes are attributed to changes in optical properties (e.g. the index of refraction) of ceria that occur upon reduction. These data correlate strongly with APXPS measurements, simultaneously supporting the model (near ambient conditions and single-sided cell setup required by APXPS experiments) and the ability to elucidate mechanistic details on an operating SOC using an inexpensive, convenient NIR imaging technique. C1 [Geller, Aaron; Yu, Yi; Eichhorn, Bryan W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pomfret, Michael; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Liu, Zhi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geller, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil; eichhorn@umd.edu RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for funding this work. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2196-0216 J9 CHEMELECTROCHEM JI ChemElectroChem PD OCT PY 2015 VL 2 IS 10 SI SI BP 1527 EP 1534 DI 10.1002/celc.201500150 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA CU2EP UT WOS:000363336500012 ER PT J AU Peralta, M Mukhopadhyay, S Bharadwaj, R AF Peralta, Manuel Mukhopadhyay, Supratik Bharadwaj, Ramesh TI Reasoning about security in sensor networks SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE sensor networks; distributed systems; security models; safety; formal verification ID ACCESS-CONTROL POLICIES AB We present a formal framework for reasoning about security concerns in the context of embedded sensor networks. We first provide an agent-based programming model for sensor networks. A logical framework enables reasoning about security, safety, and integrity with respect to usage of resources in this model. Embedded sensor networks often operate in rapidly changing mission-critical environments where both functional and nonfunctional requirements can alter dynamically in an unforeseen manner. The network may need to be reconfigured and reprogrammed in response to changes in its operating conditions. We provide a framework based on counterfactual logic to formally represent changes to the system and perform what-if reasoning about their impact on security and safety even before they have been applied.double dagger Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Peralta, Manuel; Mukhopadhyay, Supratik] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bharadwaj, Ramesh] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Peralta, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mperal4@lsu.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 27 IS 15 SI SI BP 3816 EP 3841 DI 10.1002/CPE.3433 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CT8CH UT WOS:000363042100003 ER PT J AU Gillies, LE Thrash, JC Derada, S Rabalais, NN Mason, OU AF Gillies, Lauren E. Thrash, J. Cameron deRada, Sergio Rabalais, Nancy N. Mason, Olivia U. TI Archaeal enrichment in the hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONES; AMMONIA OXIDATION; SOUTH-PACIFIC; MARINE; BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; OCEAN; NITRIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB Areas of low oxygen have spread exponentially over the past 40 years, and are cited as a key stressor on coastal ecosystems. The world's second largest coastal hypoxic (2mg of O(2)l(-1)) zone occurs annually in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The net effect of hypoxia is the diversion of energy flow away from higher trophic levels to microorganisms. This energy shunt is consequential to the overall productivity of hypoxic water masses and the ecosystem as a whole. In this study, water column samples were collected at 39 sites in the nGOM, 21 of which were hypoxic. Analysis of the microbial community along a hypoxic to oxic dissolved oxygen gradient revealed that the relative abundance (iTag) of Thaumarchaeota species 16S rRNA genes (>40% of the microbial community in some hypoxic samples), the absolute abundance (quantitative polymerase chain reaction; qPCR) of Thaumarchaeota 16S rRNA genes and archaeal ammonia-monooxygenase gene copy number (qPCR) were significantly higher in hypoxic samples. Spatial interpolation of the microbial and chemical data revealed a continuous, shelfwide band of low dissolved oxygen waters that were dominated by Thaumarchaeota (and Euryarchaeota), amoA genes and high concentrations of phosphate in the nGOM, thus implicating physicochemical forcing on microbial abundance. C1 [Gillies, Lauren E.; Mason, Olivia U.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Thrash, J. Cameron] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [deRada, Sergio] Naval Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Rabalais, Nancy N.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Cocodrie, LA 70344 USA. RP Mason, OU (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM omason@fsu.edu OI Thrash, Cameron/0000-0003-0896-9986 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA09NOS4780204, NA09NOS4780230] FX Vessel and logistical support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, award numbers NA09NOS4780204 to Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, N. N. Rabalais, PI, and NA09NOS4780230 to Louisiana State University, R. E. Turner, PI. We thank the science and vessel crews of the R/V Pelican for their valuable shipboard and onshore support. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 17 IS 10 SI SI BP 3847 EP 3856 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12853 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CU3TO UT WOS:000363448500031 PM 25818237 ER PT J AU Mailloux, LO Grimaila, MR Colombi, JM Hodson, DD Engle, RD McLaughlin, CV Baumgartner, G AF Mailloux, Logan O. Grimaila, Michael R. Colombi, John M. Hodson, Douglas D. Engle, Ryan D. McLaughlin, Colin V. Baumgartner, Gerald TI Quantum Key Distribution: Examination of the Decoy State Protocol SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SECURITY AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology that exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate and distribute a shared cryptographic key for secure communications. The unique nature of QKD ensures that eavesdropping on quantum communications necessarily introduces detectable errors which is desirable for high-security environments. QKD systems have been demonstrated in both freespace and optical fiber configurations, gaining global interest from national laboratories, commercial entities, and the U.S. Department of Defense. However, QKD is a nascent technology where realized systems are constructed from non-ideal components, which can significantly impact system performance and security. In this article, we describe QKD technology as part of a secure communications solution and identify vulnerabilities associated with practical network architectures. In particular, we examine the performance of decoy state enabled QKD systems against a modeled photon number splitting attack and suggest an improvement to the decoy state protocol security condition that does not assume a priori knowledge of the QKD channel efficiency. C1 [Mailloux, Logan O.; Grimaila, Michael R.; Colombi, John M.; Hodson, Douglas D.; Engle, Ryan D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, New York, NY USA. [McLaughlin, Colin V.] Naval Res Lab, New York, NY USA. [Baumgartner, Gerald] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD USA. RP Mailloux, LO (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, New York, NY USA. EM Logan.Mailloux@afit.edu; Michael.Grimaila@afit.edu FU Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences [5743400-304-6448] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences [grant number 5743400-304-6448]. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 53 IS 10 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CU0YU UT WOS:000363246200003 ER PT J AU Amarasinghe, PM Abelev, A AF Amarasinghe, Priyanthi M. Abelev, Andrei TI Rheological Behavior of Artificial Flocculated Clay/Guar-Gum Suspensions SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Montmorillonite; kaolinite; guar gum; viscosity; flocculation; rheology ID SOCIETY SOURCE CLAYS; BASE-LINE; BENTONITE SUSPENSIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEDIMENT; MONTMORILLONITE; VELOCITY; CHANNEL; RIVERS; CHARGE AB In this paper, artificial flocs, similar to the ones that are found in a recently deposited cohesive seabed, were prepared using Ca-montmorillonite and kaolinite (two of the most abundant clay minerals), guar gum (a polysaccharide closely resembling natural marine organic matter), and artificial sea water, in order to investigate the effect of the composition on their rheological response. Shear rate effects on viscosity of these suspensions were also systematically addressed. These effects typically have a strong influence on the overall rheological response of materials incorporating any polymeric substance. It was found that the addition of guar gum, even as little as 5% relative to the clay content, increases the viscosity of the floc suspensions significantly. The higher the guar-gum and clay content, the greater is the viscosity of the floc suspensions, within the guar-gum loading range investigated in this study. The floc suspensions with higher solid content were found to exhibit a slight shear thinning behavior, apparently due to the breakdown of the floc structure under high shear stress. This behavior is more pronounced in montmorillonite floc suspensions than in the kaolinite suspensions due to the differences in the clay mineral surface charge properties and surface-to-mass ratios. We explore different rheological models in their applicability to describing the observed viscous response and conclude that a cross-type formulation may be most appropriate. C1 [Amarasinghe, Priyanthi M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abelev, Andrei] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amarasinghe, PM (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrei.abelev@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory (ONR/NRL); National Research Council (NRC) [N00173-08-2-C-005] FX Manuscript received January 30, 2014; revised June 21, 2014; accepted November 12, 2014. Date of publication January 12, 2015; date of current version October 09, 2015. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory (ONR/NRL) and National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship under Grant N00173-08-2-C-005. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 874 EP 886 DI 10.1109/JOE.2014.2375632 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CT9XZ UT WOS:000363171200012 ER PT J AU Steinkamp, FL Giordano, B Collins, G Rose-Pehrsson, S AF Steinkamp, Frank Lucus Giordano, Braden Collins, Greg Rose-Pehrsson, Susan TI Volatile Emissions of Ammonium Nitrate under Flowing Conditions SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Ammonium nitrate (AN); Headspace ID NITRIC-ACID; EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONSHIP; VAPOR-PRESSURE; EXPLOSIVES; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES; GENERATION; CALIFORNIA; SIZE AB Ammonium nitrate (AN) is an ionic solid commonly used as a fertilizer and in commercial blasting applications. Frequently, AN is mixed with a fuel and used in improvised explosives devices (IEDs). To characterize the low-volatility components emanating from AN, a sample of AN was sealed inside a stainless steel chamber while a laminar flow of air swept the headspace vapor components into a water impinger or cold-trap for pre-concentration and subsequent analysis by ion chromatography (IC). Both collection methods were found to be 100% efficient for collecting nitric acid vapor, whereas the collection efficiency for ammonia was dependent upon the collection method and, for the water impinging method, additionally upon the vapor concentration, humidity and flow rate. Cold-trapping efficiency for ammonia was 4% +/- 2% across all parameters studied. Water impinging was more efficient (20-70%), but the efficiency varied according to each of the aforementioned variables. The characteristics of an AN vapor generated from a solid sample were found to vary as the sample approached equilibrium inside the chamber. Initially, large quantities of ammonia were observed, but as a steady state was achieved within the laminar flow and a dynamic equilibrium established, the ratio of ammonia to nitric acid in the effluent vapor dropped, although never becoming equimolar. The ratio was strongly dependent upon humidity. C1 [Steinkamp, Frank Lucus] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giordano, Braden; Collins, Greg; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Steinkamp, FL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Frank.Steinkamp.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate for funding this research. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 40 IS 5 BP 682 EP 687 DI 10.1002/prep.201500001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CU2FH UT WOS:000363338500009 ER PT J AU Leary, DH Hervey, WJ Malanoski, AP Wang, Z Eddie, BJ Tender, GS Vora, GJ Tender, LM Lin, BC Strycharz-Glaven, SM AF Leary, Dagmar H. Hervey, William Judson Malanoski, Anthony P. Wang, Zheng Eddie, Brian J. Tender, Gabrielle S. Vora, Gary J. Tender, Leonard M. Lin, Baochuan Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M. TI Metaproteomic evidence of changes in protein expression following a change in electrode potential in a robust biocathode microbiome SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Biocathode; Microbial fuel cell; Microbiology ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; COMMODITY CHEMICALS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; PROTEOMICS; ELECTROSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATIONS; COMMUNITIES; DATABASE AB Microorganisms that respire electrodes may be exploited for biotechnology applications if key pathways for extracellular electron transfer can be identified and manipulated through bioengineering. To determine whether expression of proposed Biocathode-MCL extracellular electron transfer proteins are changed by modulating electrode potential without disrupting the relative distribution of microbial constituents, metaproteomic and 16S rRNA gene expression analyses were performed after switching from an optimal to suboptimal potential based on an expected decrease in electrode respiration. Five hundred and seventy-nine unique proteins were identified across both potentials, the majority of which were assigned to three previously defined Biocathode-MCL metagenomic clusters: a Marinobacter sp., a member of the family Chromatiaceae, and a Labrenzia sp (abbreviated as MCL). Statistical analysis of spectral counts using the Fisher's exact test identified 16 proteins associated with the optimal potential, five of which are predicted electron transfer proteins. The majority of proteins associated with the suboptimal potential were involved in protein turnover/synthesis, motility, and membrane transport. Unipept and 16S rRNA gene expression analyses indicated that the taxonomic profile of the microbiome did not change after 52 h at the suboptimal potential. These findings show that protein expression is sensitive to the electrode potential without inducing shifts in community composition, a feature that may be exploited for engineering Biocathode-MCL. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001590 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001590). C1 [Leary, Dagmar H.; Hervey, William Judson; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Wang, Zheng; Vora, Gary J.; Tender, Leonard M.; Lin, Baochuan; Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Eddie, Brian J.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Tender, Gabrielle S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Strycharz-Glaven, SM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.glaven@nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597; Eddie, Brian/0000-0002-3559-3892 FU Office of Naval Research via US NRL core funds; [N0001413WX20995]; [N0001414WX20485]; [N0001414WX20518]; [N0001415WX00195] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research via US NRL core funds, as well as under the following award numbers to S.S.-G.: N0001413WX20995, N0001414WX20485, N0001414WX20518, and N0001415WX00195. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as those of the US Navy, military service at large, or US Government. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1615-9853 EI 1615-9861 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 SI SI BP 3486 EP 3496 DI 10.1002/pmic.201400585 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CT8TZ UT WOS:000363090700010 PM 26260905 ER PT J AU Chen, S Flatau, M Jensen, TG Shinoda, T Schmidt, J May, P Cummings, J Liu, M Ciesielski, PE Fairall, CW Lien, RC Baranowski, DB Chi, NH de Szoeke, S Edson, J AF Chen, Sue Flatau, Maria Jensen, Tommy G. Shinoda, Toshiaki Schmidt, Jerome May, Paul Cummings, James Liu, Ming Ciesielski, Paul E. Fairall, Christopher W. Lien, Ren-Chieh Baranowski, Dariusz B. Chi, Nan-Hsun de Szoeke, Simon Edson, James TI A Study of CINDY/DYNAMO MJO Suppressed Phase SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Diurnal effects; Madden-Julian oscillation; Oscillations; Coupled models; Model evaluation; performance ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; PREDICTION SYSTEM COAMPS; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; MOISTURE MODES; INDIAN-OCEAN; PROPAGATION; CONVECTION AB The diurnal variability and the environmental conditions that support the moisture resurgence of MJO events observed during the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY)/DYNAMO campaign in October-December 2011 are investigated using in situ observations and the cloud-resolving fully air-ocean-wave Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Spectral density and wavelet analysis of the total precipitable water (TPW) constructed from the DYNAMO soundings and TRMM satellite precipitation reveal a deep layer of vapor resurgence during the observed Wheeler and Hendon real-time multivariate MJO index phases 5-8 (MJO suppressed phase), which include diurnal, quasi-2-, quasi-3-4-, quasi-6-8-, and quasi-16-day oscillations. A similar oscillatory pattern is found in the DYNAMO moorings sea surface temperature analysis, suggesting a tightly coupled atmosphere and ocean system during these periods. COAMPS hindcast focused on the 12-16 November 2011 event suggests that both the diurnal sea surface temperature (SST) pumping and horizontal and vertical moisture transport associated with the westward propagating mixed Rossby-Gravity (MRG) waves play an essential role in the moisture resurgence during this period. Idealized COAMPS simulations of MRG waves are used to estimate the MRG and diurnal SST contributions to the overall moisture increase. These idealized MRG sensitivity experiments showed the TPW increase varies from 9% to 13% with the largest changes occurring in the simulations that included a diurnal SST variation of 2.5 degrees C as observed. C1 [Chen, Sue; Flatau, Maria; Schmidt, Jerome; Liu, Ming] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jensen, Tommy G.; Cummings, James] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Hancock County, MS USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki] Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [May, Paul] Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA USA. [Ciesielski, Paul E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lien, Ren-Chieh; Chi, Nan-Hsun] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baranowski, Dariusz B.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland. [de Szoeke, Simon] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Edson, James] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research [601153N]; NOAA CPO ESS program FX We thank Scot Loehrer of National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for assistance in acquiring the DYNAMO data. The sounding data was provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). We appreciate Prof. James Moum for providing the Revelle CTD data. Appreciation extends to Gilbert Compo for helpful discussions on the use of wavelet analysis. Thanks go to anonymous reviewers for helpful review of the manuscript. This research is supported by the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 601153N and partially supported by NOAA CPO ESS program. The computing resource used for the real-time CINDY2011/DYNAMO COAMPS forecast and subsequent COAMPS MJO studies are provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3755 EP 3779 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0348.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2MY UT WOS:000362637500002 ER PT J AU Rowland, CE Susumu, K Stewart, MH Oh, E Makinen, AJ O'Shaughnessy, TJ Kushto, G Wolak, MA Erickson, JS Efros, AL Huston, AL Delehanty, JB AF Rowland, Clare E. Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Oh, Eunkeu Makinen, Antti J. O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J. Kushto, Gary Wolak, Mason A. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Efros, Alexander L. Huston, Alan L. Delehanty, James B. TI Electric Field Modulation of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Photoluminescence: Insights Into the Design of Robust Voltage-Sensitive Cellular Imaging Probes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quantum dot; quantum confined Stark effect; photoluminescence; fluorescence; lifetime; electric field; membrane potential; voltage; neuron; spike; depolarization ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; AUGER RECOMBINATION; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; LIPID-BILAYER; FLUORESCENCE; NEUROSCIENCE; BRAIN; INTERMITTENCY; INTENSITY; MEMBRANES AB The intrinsic properties of quantum dots (QDs) and the growing ability to interface them controllably with living cells has far-reaching potential applications in probing cellular processes such as membrane action potential. We demonstrate that an electric field typical of those found in neuronal membranes results in suppression of the QD photoluminescence (PL) and, for the first time, that QD PL is able to track the action potential profile of a firing neuron with millisecond time resolution. This effect is shown to be connected with electric-field-driven QD ionization and consequent QD PL quenching, in contradiction with conventional wisdom that suppression of the QD PL is attributable to the quantum confined Stark effect. C1 [Rowland, Clare E.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Delehanty, James B.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.; Oh, Eunkeu; Makinen, Antti J.; Kushto, Gary; Wolak, Mason A.; Huston, Alan L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J.; Efros, Alexander L.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.delehanty@nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011 FU NRL NSI and Base Funding Program [Work Unit MAN041-060-41-T008-15]; National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship FX The authors acknowledge the NRL NSI and Base Funding Program (Work Unit MAN041-060-41-T008-15). C.E.R. is supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship. The Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab supported TEM measurements. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 6848 EP 6854 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02725 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT7NZ UT WOS:000363003100085 PM 26414396 ER PT J AU Jadidi, MM Sushkov, AB Myers-Ward, RL Boyd, AK Daniels, KM Gaskill, DK Fuhrer, MS Drew, HD Murphy, TE AF Jadidi, Mohammad M. Sushkov, Andrei B. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Boyd, Anthony K. Daniels, Kevin M. Gaskill, D. Kurt Fuhrer, Michael S. Drew, H. Dennis Murphy, Thomas E. TI Tunable Terahertz Hybrid Metal-Graphene Plasmons SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE graphene; terahertz; far-infrared; plasmons; antennas; metamaterials ID METAMATERIALS; MODULATION; DETECTOR AB We report here a new type of plasmon resonance that occurs when graphene is connected to a metal. These new plasmon modes offer the potential to incorporate a tunable plasmonic channel into a device with electrical contacts, a critical step toward practical graphene terahertz optoelectronics. Through theory and experiments, we demonstrate, for example, anomalously high resonant absorption or transmission when subwavelength graphene-filled apertures are introduced into an otherwise conductive layer. These tunable plasmon resonances are essential yet missing ingredients needed for terahertz filters, oscillators, detectors, and modulators. C1 [Jadidi, Mohammad M.; Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sushkov, Andrei B.; Fuhrer, Michael S.; Drew, H. Dennis] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Boyd, Anthony K.; Daniels, Kevin M.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Franskton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Jadidi, MM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mmjadidi@umd.edu; kurt.gaskill@nrl.navy.mil; michael.fuhrer@monash.edu; hdrew@umd.edu; tem@umd.edu RI Murphy, Thomas/H-2199-2011; Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-8286-3832; Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773 FU U.S. ONR [N000141310865]; U.S. NSF [ECCS 1309750]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. ONR (N000141310865) and the U.S. NSF (ECCS 1309750). Work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 19 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 7099 EP 7104 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03191 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT7NZ UT WOS:000363003100124 PM 26397718 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Barlow, DE Cockrell, AL Cusick, KD Hervey, WJ Fitzgerald, LA Nadeau, LJ Hung, CS Crookes-Goodson, WJ Russell, JN AF Biffinger, Justin C. Barlow, Daniel E. Cockrell, Allison L. Cusick, Kathleen D. Hervey, William J. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Hung, Chia S. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Russell, John N., Jr. TI The applicability of Impranil (R) DLN for gauging the biodegradation of polyurethanes SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Biodegradation; Polyurethane; Hydrolase; NMR; IR; Colloid ID POLYESTER-POLYURETHANE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; DEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; ENZYME; LIPASE; GROWTH; MECHANISM; FUNGI AB Polyurethane-based polymers and their eventual degradation products pervade modern society. One common method for determining whether a microorganism or protein can degrade this class of polymer is to qualitatively assess its ability to "clear" a polyester-polyurethane colloid branded Impranil (R) DLN (Impranil), whose formulation is proprietary. However, its colloidal state has ultimately made Impranil a precarious choice for determining if an organism or enzyme can degrade polyurethanes. In this work, the chemical hydrolysis products from Impranil using 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH were identified and compared to the concentration of hydrolysis products formed using three commercial enzymes by proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (H-1 NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The differences in the integrated signal intensities from key H-1 NMR signals were used to calculate the amount of Impranil that was hydrolyzed. These data were then correlated with the change in optical density of colloid containing reaction mixtures (termed as "clearing"). The enzymes (a Pseudomonas fluorescens recombinant esterase, Pseudomonas sp. lipase, and Bacillus sp. protease) showed significant esterase activities and partially-cleared, completely-cleared, or aggregated Impranil, respectively. However, only the Pseudomonas sp. lipase significantly degraded Impranil based on NMR and IR data. This study illustrates how Impranil can be used to quantitatively assess biodegradation rather than just be a qualitative "clearing" indicator of biodegradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Barlow, Daniel E.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Russell, John N., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cockrell, Allison L.; Cusick, Kathleen D.] US Naval Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hervey, William J.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Hung, Chia S.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX14COR] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number 12RX14COR and Corey Zapatok for his work on the FT-IR component program. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 EI 1873-2321 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.020 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CT6MJ UT WOS:000362926800020 ER PT J AU Olson, MA Zabetakis, D Legler, PM Turner, KB Anderson, GP Goldman, ER AF Olson, Mark A. Zabetakis, Dan Legler, Patricia M. Turner, Kendrick B. Anderson, George P. Goldman, Ellen R. TI Can template-based protein models guide the design of sequence fitness for enhanced thermal stability of single domain antibodies? SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE comparative modeling; Langevin dynamics; mutational studies; protein engineering; thermal stability ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ENTEROTOXIN-B; STRUCTURE PREDICTIONS; LANGEVIN DYNAMICS; REFINEMENT; SERVER; PERFORMANCE; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; FORCE AB We investigate the practical use of comparative (template-based) protein models in replica-exchange simulations of single-domain antibody (sdAb) chains to evaluate if the models can correctly predict in rank order the thermal susceptibility to unfold relative to experimental melting temperatures. The baseline model system is the recently determined crystallographic structure of a llama sdAb (denoted as A3), which exhibits an unusually high thermal stability. An evaluation of the simulation results for the A3 comparative model and crystal structure shows that, despite the overall low C-alpha root-mean-square deviation between the two structures, the model contains misfolded regions that yields a thermal profile of unraveling at a lower temperature. Yet comparison of the simulations of four different comparative models for sdAb A3, C8, A3C8 and E9, where A3C8 is a design of swapping the sequence of the complementarity determining regions of C8 onto the A3 framework, discriminated among the sequences to detect the highest and lowest experimental melting transition temperatures. Further structural analysis of A3 for selected alanine substitutions by a combined computational and experimental study found unexpectedly that the comparative model performed admirably in recognizing substitution 'hot spots' when using a support-vector machine algorithm. C1 [Olson, Mark A.] USAMRIID, Mol & Translat Sci Div, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Zabetakis, Dan; Legler, Patricia M.; Turner, Kendrick B.; Anderson, George P.; Goldman, Ellen R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Olson, MA (reprint author), USAMRIID, Mol & Translat Sci Div, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM molson@compbiophys.org RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU U.S. Department of Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036]; American Society for Engineering Education FX Funding of this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense Threat Reduction Agency Grant CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036 (ERG). Funding support for KT was from the American Society for Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 EI 1741-0134 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 10 SI SI BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1093/protein/gzv047 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CT5GN UT WOS:000362837000010 PM 26374895 ER PT J AU Chu, PC AF Chu, Peter C. TI Ekman Spiral in a Horizontally Inhomogeneous Ocean with Varying Eddy Viscosity SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CURRENTS; DEPTH AB The classical Ekman spiral is generated by surface wind stress with constant eddy viscosity in a homogeneous ocean. In real oceans, the eddy viscosity varies due to turbulent mixing caused by surface wind and buoyancy forcing. Horizontally inhomogeneous density produces vertical geostrophic shear which contributes to current shear that also affects the Ekman spiral. Based on similar theoretical framework as the classical Ekman spiral, the baroclinic components of the Ekman spiral caused by the horizontally inhomogeneous density are obtained analytically with the varying eddy viscosity calculated from surface wind and buoyancy forcing using the K-profile parameterization (KPP). Along with the three existing types of eddy viscosity due to pure wind forcing (zero surface buoyancy flux), such an effect is evaluated using the climatological monthly mean data of surface wind stress, buoyancy flux, ocean temperature and salinity, and mixed layer depth. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 172 IS 10 BP 2831 EP 2857 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1063-4 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CT3AW UT WOS:000362679200023 ER PT J AU Lando, HA Michaud, ME Poston, WSC Jahnke, SA Williams, L Haddock, CK AF Lando, Harry A. Michaud, Mark E. Poston, Walker S. C. Jahnke, Sara A. Williams, Larry Haddock, Christopher K. TI Banning cigarette smoking on US Navy submarines: a case study SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO CONTROL; MILITARY PERSONNEL; POLICY; PROMOTION; LEADERS; STRESS AB Background The military has had a long pro-tobacco tradition. Despite official policy discouraging smoking, tobacco still is widely seen as part of military culture. While active smoking has presented a particular challenge for the military, in recent years there also has been increasing concern with secondhand smoke. This is especially true in closed environments and submarines may be deployed for months at a time. The current case study describes the successful implementation by the Navy of a comprehensive ban on smoking aboard submarines. Methods The authors searched documents on the internet, popular media, military-based news outlets and the scientific literature. We also conducted interviews with Navy officers who were instrumental in policy implementation. Findings Data demonstrating substantial exposure of non-smokers to tobacco smoke aboard submarines had major impact on successful adoption of the policy. A systematic and extended roll out of the ban included establishing a working group, soliciting input and active engagement from submarine personnel, and offering cessation assistance. Support was enlisted from Chief Petty Officers who could have been strongly opposed but who became strong proponents. Fewer problems were encountered than had been expected. In contrast to a previous unsuccessful attempt by a Navy captain to ban smoking on his ship, the ban was adopted without apparent tobacco industry interference. Conclusions Lessons learned included the importance of strong empirical support, effective framing of the issue, setting a realistic timeline, soliciting support from key personnel and providing appropriate resources. These lessons have implications for those considering further tobacco policy changes in the military and elsewhere. C1 [Lando, Harry A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Michaud, Mark E.] US Navy, Bureau Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Jahnke, Sara A.; Haddock, Christopher K.] Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, Inst Biobehav Hlth Res, Leawood, KS USA. [Williams, Larry] Midwestern Univ, Coll Dent Med Illinois, Downers Grove, IL 60515 USA. RP Lando, HA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, 1300 South Second St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM lando001@umn.edu FU National Cancer Institute Grant [ROI DA 036507] FX This research was supported by National Cancer Institute Grant ROI DA 036507, Barrier to effective tobacco control policy implementation in the US Military, CKH. In addition, Ruth Malone, Principle Investigator. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 EI 1468-3318 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD OCT PY 2015 VL 24 IS E3 BP E188 EP E192 DI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051624 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CT4JW UT WOS:000362773500003 PM 25163466 ER PT J AU Johnson-Laird, PN Khemlani, SS Goodwin, GP AF Johnson-Laird, P. N. Khemlani, Sangeet S. Goodwin, Geoffrey P. TI Response to Baratgin et al.: Mental Models Integrate Probability and Deduction SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID LOGIC C1 [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Khemlani, Sangeet S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goodwin, Geoffrey P.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Johnson-Laird, PN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM phil@princeton.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1364-6613 J9 TRENDS COGN SCI JI TRENDS COGN. SCI. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 19 IS 10 BP 548 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.tics.2015.06.014 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA CT5OV UT WOS:000362860600003 PM 26412092 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Elsberry, RL AF Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Elsberry, Russell L. TI Weighted Analog Technique for Intensity and Intensity Spread Predictions of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Statistical forecasting ID SITUATION-DEPENDENT INTENSITY; CONSENSUS; GUIDANCE AB A situation-dependent intensity and intensity spread prediction technique for the Atlantic called the Weighted Analog Intensity Atlantic (WAIA) is developed using the same procedures as for a similar technique for the western North Pacific that is operational at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. These simple techniques are based on rankings of the 10 best historical track analogs to match the official track forecast and current intensity. A key step is the development of a bias correction to eliminate an overforecast bias. The second key step is a calibration of the original intensity spread among the 10 analogs to achieve a probability of detection of about 68% at all forecast intervals, which it is proposed would be an appropriate intensity spread for the National Hurricane Center (NHC) official intensity forecasts. The advantages of WAIA as an operational intensity forecast product for Atlantic tropical cyclones are described in terms of mean absolute errors, sample-mean biases, and geographic distributions of WAIA versus various guidance products available at NHC. Specific attention is given to the four guidance products that are included in the intensity consensus (ICON) technique that is the most skillful of all the products. Evidence is given that WAIA would be an independent, and more likely skillful at longer forecast intervals, technique to include in ICON. Consequently, WAIA would likely lead to improved NHC intensity forecasts at 4-5-day intervals. C1 [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung] Tamkang Univ, Dept Water Resources & Environm Engn, New Taipei City, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Univ Colorado, Trauma, Hlth, Hazards Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Trauma, Hlth, Hazards Ctr, 1420 Austin Bluff, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM elsberrylr@comcast.net FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX HCT and RLE are supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1333 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0030.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700014 ER PT J AU Kaplan, J Rozoff, CM DeMaria, M Sampson, CR Kossin, JP Velden, CS Cione, JJ Dunion, JP Knaff, JA Zhang, JA Dostalek, JF Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Solbrig, JE AF Kaplan, John Rozoff, Christopher M. DeMaria, Mark Sampson, Charles R. Kossin, James P. Velden, Christopher S. Cione, Joseph J. Dunion, Jason P. Knaff, John A. Zhang, Jun A. Dostalek, John F. Hawkins, Jeffrey D. Lee, Thomas F. Solbrig, Jeremy E. TI Evaluating Environmental Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Predictability Utilizing Statistical Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Statistical techniques; Forecasting techniques; Model evaluation; performance ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; HURRICANE-OPAL 1995; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INTENSITY CHANGE; WARM-CORE; PART II; ATLANTIC; IMPROVEMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY AB New multi-lead-time versions of three statistical probabilistic tropical cyclone rapid intensification (RI) prediction models are developed for the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins. These are the linear-discriminant analysis-based Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme Rapid Intensification Index (SHIPS-RII), logistic regression, and Bayesian statistical RI models. Consensus RI models derived by averaging the three individual RI model probability forecasts are also generated. A verification of the cross-validated forecasts of the above RI models conducted for the 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-h lead times indicates that these models generally exhibit skill relative to climatological forecasts, with the eastern Pacific models providing somewhat more skill than the Atlantic ones and the consensus versions providing more skill than the individual models. A verification of the deterministic RI model forecasts indicates that the operational intensity guidance exhibits some limited RI predictive skill, with the National Hurricane Center (NHC) official forecasts possessing the most skill within the first 24 h and the numerical models providing somewhat more skill at longer lead times. The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) generally provides the most skillful RI forecasts of any of the conventional intensity models while the new consensus RI model shows potential for providing increased skill over the existing operational intensity guidance. Finally, newly developed versions of the deterministic rapid intensification aid guidance that employ the new probabilistic consensus RI model forecasts along with the existing operational intensity model consensus produce lower mean errors and biases than the intensity consensus model alone. C1 [Kaplan, John; Cione, Joseph J.; Dunion, Jason P.; Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rozoff, Christopher M.; Velden, Christopher S.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [DeMaria, Mark; Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sampson, Charles R.; Hawkins, Jeffrey D.; Lee, Thomas F.; Solbrig, Jeremy E.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Dunion, Jason P.; Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Dostalek, John F.] Cooperat Inst Atmospheres, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kaplan, J (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.kaplan@noaa.gov RI Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; CIONE, JOSEPH/B-2973-2014; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; CIONE, JOSEPH/0000-0002-2011-887X; Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 FU NOAA/Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR) U.S. Weather Research Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) Project; NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Proving Ground Program; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This research was funded, in part, by grants from the NOAA/Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR) U.S. Weather Research Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) Project and the NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Proving Ground Program. Financial support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is also appreciated. Evan Kalina of the University of Colorado assisted with the computations of the new inner-core dry-air predictor, while Paul Leighton of NOAA/HRD provided programming assistance during the SHIPS-RII development and verification. We thank Drs. Frank Marks (NOAA/HRD) and Chris Landsea (NOAA/NHC) and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The helpful suggestions of the JHT Project points of contact Eric Blake, Stacy Stewart, and Chris Landsea of the NHC are also appreciated. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1396 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0032.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700017 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Knaff, JA AF Sampson, Charles R. Knaff, John A. TI A Consensus Forecast for Tropical Cyclone Gale Wind Radii SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Forecast verification; skill; Forecasting techniques; Operational forecasting; Statistical forecasting ID CLIMATOLOGY AB The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has been forecasting gale force wind radii for many years, and more recently (starting in 2004) began routine postanalysis or best tracking of the maximum radial extent of gale [34 knots (kt; 1 kt = 0.514 m s(-1))] force winds in compass quadrants surrounding the tropical cyclone (wind radii). At approximately the same time, a statistical wind radii forecast, based solely on climatology and persistence, was implemented so that wind radii forecasts could be evaluated for skill. If the best-track gale radii are used as ground truth (even accounting for random errors in the analyses), the skill of the NHC forecasts appears to be improving at 2- and 3-day lead times, suggesting that the guidance has also improved. In this paper several NWP models are evaluated for their skill, an equally weighted average or consensus of the model forecasts is constructed, and finally the consensus skill is evaluated. The results are similar to what is found with tropical cyclone track and intensity in that the consensus skill is comparable to or better than that of the individual models. Furthermore, the consensus skill is high enough to be of potential use as forecast guidance or as a proxy for official gale force wind radii forecasts at the longer lead times. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N]; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff at the National Hurricane Center for their diligence in 10 years of best tracking the wind radii, and also Ann Schrader and Mike Frost for helping to make that process a bit easier. We thank Andrea Schumacher and Kate Musgrave for providing comments on the manuscript. This research is supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program, PE 0601153N. We also acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for funding efforts to improve tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0009.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700018 ER PT J AU Gentry, SE Segev, DL AF Gentry, S. E. Segev, D. L. TI The Best-Laid Schemes of Mice and Men Often Go Awry; How Should We Repair Them? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gentry, S. E.; Segev, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gentry, S. E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Segev, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gentry, SE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM gentry@usna.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 2539 EP 2540 DI 10.1111/ajt.13414 PG 2 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA CT2WJ UT WOS:000362665400005 PM 26382203 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Culbertson, JC Mahadik, NA Sochacki, T Bockowski, M Iwinska, M AF Freitas, J. A., Jr. Culbertson, J. C. Mahadik, N. A. Sochacki, T. Bockowski, M. Iwinska, M. TI Growth of High Crystalline Quality HVPE-GaN Crystals with Controlled Electrical Properties SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID AMMONOTHERMAL GAN; BULK GAN; SEEDS AB Thick free-standing hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HE) GaN wafers were grown with close to perfect crystalline quality and with more than two orders of magnitude reduced free carrier concentration relative to ammonothermal GaN without resorting to deep level compensation. These new homoepitaxially grown crystals exceed the quality of any commercially available GaN substrates. High crystalline quality is confirmed by XRD rocking curve measurements having full width at half-maximum of only 16 arc s. Detailed Raman scattering spectroscopy and imaging show that the wafers are biaxially stress-free and have a uniform and low background doping. The stress-free, flat nature of these substrates is essential for high-yield device fabrication. High-resolution photoluminescence studies in combination with SIMS analysis identify Si and 0 as residual shallow donors with concentration levels orders of magnitude lower than those present in ammonothermal GaN substrates. C1 [Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Culbertson, J. C.; Mahadik, N. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sochacki, T.; Bockowski, M.; Iwinska, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 4837 EP 4842 DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00617 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CT2JW UT WOS:000362628800015 ER PT J AU Naglich, EJ Guyette, AC AF Naglich, Eric J. Guyette, Andrew C. TI Reflection-Mode Bandstop Filters With Minimum Through-Line Length SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Filter design; filters; filter synthesis; microwave filters; passive filters ID BANDPASS-FILTERS; COUPLING MATRIX; NETWORKS AB This paper presents a technique that enables the design of high-order microwave bandstop filters with a total through-line length of significantly less than one quarter-wavelength at the filter center frequency. The total through-line length using this technique can be zero regardless of the filter order in theory, but it is limited in practice by the finite line length required to obtain a desired coupling magnitude between the through line and a resonator. A fifth-order quasi-elliptic reflection-mode bandstop filter design is shown with total through-line length of less than 1/15th of a wavelength in suspended-stripline technology. The measured response has a 42-MHz 30-dB bandwidth at a center frequency of 3 GHz and four reflection zeros. The bandstop filter design technique described in this paper shows great promise for reducing the size and weight of microwave bandstop filters. C1 [Naglich, Eric J.; Guyette, Andrew C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naglich, EJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 6851, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.naglich@nrl.navy.mil; an-drew.guyette@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 63 IS 10 BP 3479 EP 3486 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2469660 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CS8SH UT WOS:000362358200016 ER PT J AU Rittersdorf, IM Ottinger, PF Allen, RJ Schumer, JW AF Rittersdorf, Ian M. Ottinger, Paul F. Allen, Raymond J. Schumer, Joseph W. TI Current Density Scaling Expressions for a Bipolar Space-Charge-Limited Cylindrical Diode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bipolar flow; current density; cylindrical diodes; space-charge limited (SCL) ID HIGH-POWER; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; ELECTRON; BEAMS; FLOW AB Exact analytical solutions for the currents in a bipolar space-charge-limited (SCL) diode in cylindrical geometry do not exist. Expressions for the electron and ion current densities as functions of the diode cathode and anode radii and the applied voltage are developed and fit to numerical solutions. The results are provided for nonrelativistic and relativistic electrons. These provide scaling relations for the diode, which were not previously available. They also converge to known planar diode expressions in the appropriate limit. The relativistic scaling relations are then combined with nonrelativistic results using a fit function technique to provide a general expression for the current densities valid for all values of the diode voltage. The results are presented for both negative and positive polarities. For completeness, single-species SCL flow results in cylindrical geometry are also developed using the same techniques presented here for bipolar SCL flow and are included in the Appendix. C1 [Rittersdorf, Ian M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ottinger, Paul F.] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Allen, Raymond J.; Schumer, Joseph W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rittersdorf, IM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ian.rittersdorf.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; paul.ottinger.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; raymond.allen@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.schumer@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 43 IS 10 BP 3626 EP 3636 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2471275 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CT4UR UT WOS:000362803300009 ER PT J AU Fernando, BPW Rudiger, B Sritharan, SS AF Fernando, B. P. W. Ruediger, B. Sritharan, S. S. TI Mild solutions of stochastic Navier-Stokes equation with jump noise in L-p-spaces SO MATHEMATISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Stochastic Navier-Stokes equation; local solutions; pure jump noise; L-p-spaces ID INITIAL-VALUE-PROBLEM; LEVY NOISE; MARTINGALES AB In this paper, we study solvability of the local mild solution of stochastic Navier-Stokes equation with jump noise in L-p-spaces. This research work has mainly carried out by exploiting some interesting works of Tosio Kato. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Fernando, B. P. W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Decis Risk Controls & Signals Intelligence DR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ruediger, B.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich C, Fachgrp Math Informat, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Sritharan, S. S.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rudiger, B (reprint author), Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich C, Fachgrp Math Informat, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. EM panif71@gmail.com; ruediger@uni-wuppertal.de; sivaguru.sritharan@afit.edu OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X FU Army Research Probability and Statistics Program FX S. S. Sritharan was supported by the Army Research Probability and Statistics Program. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0025-584X EI 1522-2616 J9 MATH NACHR JI Math. Nachr. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 288 IS 14-15 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1002/mana.201300248 PG 7 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA CT1IP UT WOS:000362552300005 ER PT J AU Keller, MW Han, PP Galarneau, MR Brigger, MT AF Keller, Matthew W. Han, Peggy P. Galarneau, Michael R. Brigger, Matthew T. TI Airway Management in Severe Combat Maxillofacial Trauma SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE tracheostomy; airway trauma; intubation; facial trauma; inhalation injury ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; PENETRATING NECK TRAUMA; INJURY SEVERITY; ENDURING-FREEDOM; SCORE; REGISTRY; DEATH; HEAD AB Objectives Airway stabilization is critical in combat maxillofacial injury as normal anatomical landmarks can be obscured. The study objective was to characterize the epidemiology of airway management in maxillofacial trauma. Study Design Retrospective database analysis. Setting Military treatment facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan and stateside tertiary care centers. Subjects In total, 1345 military personnel with combat-related maxillofacial injuries sustained March 2004 to August 2010 were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Methods Descriptive statistics, including basic demographics, injury severity, associated injuries, and airway interventions, were collected. A logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with the need for tracheostomy. Results A total of 239 severe maxillofacial injuries were identified. The most common mechanism of injury was improvised explosive devices (66%), followed by gunshot wounds (8%), mortars (5%), and landmines (4%). Of the subjects, 51.4% required intubation on their initial presentation. Of tracheostomies, 30.4% were performed on initial presentation. Of those who underwent bronchoscopy, 65.2% had airway inhalation injury. There was a significant relationship between the presence of head and neck burn and association with airway inhalation injury (P < .0001). There was also a significant relationship between the severity of facial injury and the need for intubation (P = .002), as well as the presence of maxillofacial fracture and the need for tracheostomy (P = .0001). Conclusions There is a high incidence of airway injury in combat maxillofacial trauma, which may be underestimated. Airway management in this population requires a high degree of suspicion and low threshold for airway stabilization. C1 [Keller, Matthew W.; Brigger, Matthew T.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Han, Peggy P.; Galarneau, Michael R.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Keller, MW (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Bldg 2,2nd Deck, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Matthew.keller@med.navy.mil FU Wounded, Ill, and Injured/Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury Program [60808] FX Wounded, Ill, and Injured/Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury Program under work unit no. 60808. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 EI 1097-6817 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 153 IS 4 BP 532 EP 537 DI 10.1177/0194599815576916 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA CS9XD UT WOS:000362445800011 PM 25820589 ER PT J AU Matsangas, P Shattuck, NL McCauley, ME AF Matsangas, Panagiotis Shattuck, Nita L. McCauley, Michael E. TI Sleep Duration in Rough Sea Conditions SO AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE sleep; sopite syndrome; motion sickness ID MOTION SICKNESS; SOPITE SYNDROME; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS AB INTRODUCTION: Environmental motion can affect shipboard sleep of crewmembers. Slamming and similar harsh motion may interfere with sleep, whereas mild motion and sopite syndrome may enhance sleep. If sleep needs vary by sea condition, this factor should be considered when assessing human performance at sea. The goal of this study was to assess sleep duration in different sea conditions. METHODS: Crewmembers (N = 52) from a U.S. Navy vessel participated in the study while performing their normal daily schedule of duties. Sleep was assessed with wrist-worn actigraphy. Motion sickness and sopite syndrome were assessed using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: In rough sea conditions, crewmembers experienced increased severity of motion sickness and sopite syndrome compared to their ratings during calmer sea conditions. Crewmembers slept significantly longer during sea state 5-6 compared to sleep on days with sea state 4 (25% increase) and sea state 3-4 (30% increase). Specifically, daily sleep increased from 6.97 +/- 1.24 h in sea state 3-4, to 7.23 +/- 1.65 h in sea state 4, to 9.04 +/- 2.90 h in sea state 5-6. DISCUSSION: Although the duration of sleep in rough seas increased significantly compared to calmer sea conditions, causal factors are inconclusive. Accumulated sleep debt, motion-induced fatigue, and sopite syndrome all may have contributed, but results suggest that motion sickness and sopite syndrome were the predominant stressors. If sleep needs increase in severe motion environments, this factor should be taken into account when developing daily activity schedules or when modeling manning requirements on modern ships. C1 [Matsangas, Panagiotis; Shattuck, Nita L.; McCauley, Michael E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Matsangas, P (reprint author), 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pmatsang@nps.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 2375-6314 EI 2375-6322 J9 AEROSP MED HUM PERF JI Aerosp. Med.Hum. Perform. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 86 IS 10 BP 901 EP 906 DI 10.3357/AMHP.4250.2015 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CS4PF UT WOS:000362057300008 PM 26564678 ER PT J AU Chun, C Neta, B AF Chun, Changbum Neta, Beny TI Basins of attraction for several third order methods to find multiple roots of nonlinear equations SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Iterative methods; Order of convergence; Basin of attraction; Multiple roots ID FAMILY; DYNAMICS AB There are several third order methods for solving a nonlinear algebraic equation having roots of a given multiplicity m. Here we compare a recent family of methods of order three to Euler-Cauchy's method which is found to be the best in the previous work. There are fewer fourth order methods for multiple roots but we will not include them here. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chun, Changbum] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cbchun@skku.edu; bneta@nps.edu FU Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013R1A1A2005012] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2005012). The first author thanks the Applied Mathematics Department at the Naval Postgraduate School for hosting him during the years. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 268 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2015.06.068 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CS0RD UT WOS:000361769000011 ER PT J AU Hartman, JR Nelson, EA AF Hartman, JudithAnn R. Nelson, Eric A. TI "Do we need to memorize that?" or cognitive science for chemists SO FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chemical education research; Automaticity; Cognitive science ID WORKING-MEMORY; CAPACITY AB In introductory chemistry courses, should students be encouraged to solve problems by reasoning based on conceptual understanding or by applying memorized facts and algorithms? Cognitive scientists have recently studied this issue with the assistance of new technologies. In the current consensus model for cognition, during problem solving the brain relies on "working memory" to sequentially process small elements of knowledge. Working memory is able to hold and manipulate virtually all elements that can be recalled "with automaticity" from long-term memory, but very few elements that are not recallable. As one consequence, students can reliably solve well-structured science problems only if most of the facts and algorithms needed to solve the problem have previously been well memorized. To achieve automaticity in recall, facts and procedures must be committed to memory (assimilated) and then tagged with associations to other knowledge (accommodated) in the brain's conceptual frameworks. Accommodation can be assisted by guided inquiry. Articles citing methods that can assist students in the development of automaticity are listed, and implications for chemistry instruction are discussed. C1 [Hartman, JudithAnn R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21042 USA. [Nelson, Eric A.] Fairfax Cty Publ Sch, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Hartman, JR (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21042 USA. EM hartman@usna.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4238 EI 1572-8463 J9 FOUND CHEM JI Found. Chem. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 17 IS 3 SI SI BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10698-015-9226-z PG 12 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA CS3KW UT WOS:000361974000007 ER PT J AU Feng, BK Jenn, DC AF Feng, Bo-Kai Jenn, David C. TI Two-Way Pattern Grating Lobe Control for Distributed Digital Subarray Antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Distributed subarray antennas; grating lobe (GL) suppression; two-way pattern; virtual elements ID ARRAY; ELEMENTS AB An approach to controlling the two-way pattern (i.e., the product of the transmitting and receiving antenna patterns) for a distributed digital subarray antenna (DDSA) is presented. Collectively combining periodic widely separated sub-arrays results in grating lobes (GLs), and they are unwanted because of the ambiguities that accompany them. The approach to GL control presented here involves a combination of conventional suppression methods on the transmitting side and in the digital beamforming on the receiving side, filling the gaps between the subarrays with "virtual" elements, thus forming a contiguous array. Individually, the transmitting and receiving antenna patterns may not have adequate performance, but it is demonstrated that if designed to complement each other, the two-way pattern can achieve ultralow sidelobe performance. The effects of receiving element signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and errors in calibration are also addressed. C1 [Feng, Bo-Kai] Natl Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Longtan 32546, Taiwan. [Jenn, David C.] Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Feng, BK (reprint author), Natl Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Longtan 32546, Taiwan. EM felixfeng@kiss99.com; jenn@nps.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 63 IS 10 BP 4375 EP 4383 DI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2465863 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CS8TU UT WOS:000362362200013 ER PT J AU Dragoni, E Bagaria, WJ AF Dragoni, Eugenio Bagaria, William J. TI Formulation of a three-dimensional shear-flexible bimaterial beam element with constant curvature SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bimaterial beam; curvature; 3D finite element; close-form solution; shear ID FINITE-ELEMENT; STIFFNESS MATRIX; HELICAL SPRINGS; COMPOSITE BEAMS; TIMOSHENKO; HYBRID; ARCHES; MODEL AB This paper presents the closed-form formulation for a three-dimensional curved beam element with round bimaterial section. The formulation includes the effects of shear forces on displacements and stresses and of the beam curvature on the distribution of bending and torsional stress over the cross section. The element is coherent with the well-known theory for straight beams, which is obtained exactly as the curvature radius becomes infinite. The numerical predictions for a test case compare favourably with published analytical and experimental results and with the outcome of a purposely developed, large-scale FE brick model. C1 [Dragoni, Eugenio] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Engn Sci & Methods, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy. [Bagaria, William J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dragoni, E (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy. EM eugenio.dragoni@unimore.it NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4062 EI 2041-2983 J9 P I MECH ENG C-J MEC JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C-J. Eng. Mech. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 229 IS 15 BP 2687 EP 2705 DI 10.1177/0954406214563740 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CS7UQ UT WOS:000362292600002 ER PT J AU Briczinski, SJ Bernhardt, PA Siefring, CL Han, SM Pedersen, TR Scales, WA AF Briczinski, S. J. Bernhardt, P. A. Siefring, C. L. Han, S. -M. Pedersen, T. R. Scales, W. A. TI "Twisted Beam" SEE Observations of Ionospheric Heating from HAARP SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Ionospheric modification; Orbital angular momentum; Twisted beam AB Nonlinear interactions of high power HF radio waves in the ionosphere provide aeronomers with a unique space-based laboratory capability. The High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) in Gakona, Alaska is the world's largest heating facility, yielding effective radiated powers in the gigawatt range. New results are present from HAARP experiments using a "twisted beam" excitation mode. Analysis of twisted beam heating shows that the SEE results obtained are identical to more traditional patterns. One difference in the twisted beam mode is the heating region produced is in the shape of a ring as opposed to the more traditional "solid spot" region from a pencil beam. The ring heating pattern may be more conducive to the creation of stable artificial airglow layers because of the horizontal structure of the ring. The results of these runs include artificial layer creation and evolution as pertaining to the twisted beam pattern. The SEE measurements aid the interpretation of the twisted beam interactions in the ionosphere. C1 [Briczinski, S. J.; Bernhardt, P. A.; Siefring, C. L.; Han, S. -M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Scales, W. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppd.nrl.navy.mil FU DARPA; NRL 6.1 Base Program FX The HAARP research at the Naval Research Laboratory was sponsored by DARPA and the NRL 6.1 Base Program. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 EI 1573-0794 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD OCT PY 2015 VL 116 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s11038-015-9460-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA CS2JX UT WOS:000361897900003 ER PT J AU Zakharow, VE Badulin, SI Hwang, PA Caulliez, G AF Zakharow, Vladimir E. Badulin, Sergei I. Hwang, Paul A. Caulliez, Guillemette TI Universality of sea wave growth and its physical roots SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE air/sea interactions; surface gravity waves; wind-wave interactions ID LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; SURFACE GRAVITY; LIMITED GROWTH; DRIVEN SEAS; SPECTRUM; FETCH; EVOLUTION; FIELD; SIMILARITY AB Assuming resonant nonlinear wave interactions to be the dominant physical mechanism of growing wind-driven seas we propose a concise relationship between instantaneous wave steepness and time or fetch of wave development expressed in dimensionless wave periods or lengths. This asymptotic physical law derived from the first principles of the theory of weak turbulence does not contain wind speed explicitly. The validity of this law is illustrated by results of numerical simulations, in situ measurements of growing wind seas and wind-wave tank observations. The impact of this new view of sea-wave physics is discussed in the context of conventional approaches to wave modelling and forecasting. C1 [Zakharow, Vladimir E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Zakharow, Vladimir E.; Badulin, Sergei I.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Lab Nonlinear Wave Proc, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Badulin, Sergei I.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia. [Zakharow, Vladimir E.] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Hwang, Paul A.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. [Caulliez, Guillemette] Univ Toulon & Var, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS INSU, IRD,MIO,UM 110, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. RP Badulin, SI (reprint author), Novosibirsk State Univ, Lab Nonlinear Wave Proc, Novosibirsk, Russia. EM badulin@ioran.ru RI Badulin, Sergei/L-6018-2015; OI Badulin, Sergei/0000-0002-3727-4238; zakharov, vladimir/0000-0001-8855-7185 FU Russian Science Foundation [N14-22-00174]; Office of Naval Research (Naval Research Laboratory) [PE 61153N]; ONR grant [N000141010991]; National Science Foundation [N1130450]; French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (TOSCA/SMOS-Ocean project) FX Sections 2-4 of the paper are supported by Russian Science Foundation N14-22-00174. Other parts of the work are sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (Naval Research Laboratory PE 61153N), ONR grant N000141010991, National Science Foundation N1130450 and the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (TOSCA/SMOS-Ocean project). Authors are thankful for data provided by the Field Research Facility, Field Data Collections and Analysis Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Duck, North Carolina. The NRL publication number is NRL/JA/7260-14-0232. The authors are grateful to referees for their constructive and useful suggestions. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 780 BP 503 EP 535 DI 10.1017/jfm.2015.468 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CR6SV UT WOS:000361478600024 ER PT J AU Polk, TM Stockinger, ZT Martin, MJ Gross, KR Bailey, JA AF Polk, Travis M. Stockinger, Zsolt T. Martin, Matthew J. Gross, Kirby R. Bailey, Jeffrey A. TI Successful integration of military tactical requirements into a civilian training paradigm: Advanced Trauma Life Support - Operational Emphasis (ATLS-OE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 101st Annual Clinical Congress of the American-College-of-Surgeons (ACS) CY OCT 04-10, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Surg C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Joint Trauma Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 EI 1879-1190 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 221 IS 4 SU 2 BP E76 EP E76 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA EA8PP UT WOS:000386899000181 ER PT J AU Olson, TM Kwon, YW Hart, DC Loup, DC Rasmussen, EA AF Olson, T. M. Kwon, Y. W. Hart, D. C. Loup, D. C. Rasmussen, E. A. TI Carbon Nanotube Based Sensor to Monitor Crack Growth in Cracked Aluminum Structures Underneath Composite Patching SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Crack sensor; Composite patching; Carbon nanotubes ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NETWORKS; MATRIX AB The paper investigates a carbon nanotube-based sensor to detect crack propagation in aluminum structures underneath composite patching. Initial tests are conducted to determine the correct procedure and materials to properly fabricate a carbon nanotube (CNT) based sensor, which is then placed in between a composite patch and the aluminum structure. The CNTs have been utilized as sensors in previous studies but only for sensing crack propagation within the composite itself. This study focuses on crack propagation in the base material and is not concerned with the composite. In this application, the composite is only a patch and can be replaced if damaged. The study conducts both tension and fatigue testing to determine the usefulness of the CNT sensor. The CNT sensor is shown to be effective in giving an indication of the crack propagation in the aluminum. Correlation is done between the crack propagation length and the increase in electrical resistance in the CNT sensor under tensile and cyclic loading, respectively. C1 [Olson, T. M.; Kwon, Y. W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hart, D. C.; Loup, D. C.; Rasmussen, E. A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Struct & Composite Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X EI 1573-4897 J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 22 IS 5 BP 457 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s10443-014-9417-0 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA CQ9MW UT WOS:000360940200001 ER PT J AU Kongrueng, J Tansila, N Mitraparp-arthorn, P Nishibuchi, M Vora, GJ Vuddhakul, V AF Kongrueng, Jetnaphang Tansila, Natta Mitraparp-arthorn, Pimonsri Nishibuchi, Mitsuaki Vora, Gary J. Vuddhakul, Varaporn TI LAMP assay to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp SO AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Vibrio parahaemolyticus; AHPND; Shrimp; LAMP; Vibriosis ID MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; RAPID DETECTION; GENE; CULTURE; SAMPLES; TRH; TDH AB Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a serious disease in shrimp and results in considerable losses for the shrimp aquaculture industry. The etiologic agent of AHPND has recently been identified as a unique strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: One that is different from human pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains. In this study, two sets of primers (LAMP-A2 and LAMP-A3) were developed and validated for use in a LAMP assay to specifically identify V. parahaemolyticus causing AHPND (V. parahaemolyticus AHPND). LAMP-A2 and LAMP-A3 detected all 33 V. parahaemolyticus AHPND isolates except the non-V. parahaemolyticus AHPND isolates and 19 other closely related bacterial species. In pure culture and in spiked shrimp experiments, the LAMP assay was superior to PCR for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus AHPND. In pure cultures, the detection limit of LAMP-A3 was 53 CFU/ml or 0.1 CFU per reaction (10x lower than LAMP-A2), whereas in spiked shrimp experiments, the detection limit was 4.4 x 10(5) CFU/ml or 8.8 x 10(2) CFU per reaction. Further testing of 24 post-larvae, shrimp, sediment and water samples collected from a shrimp farm revealed that V. parahaemolyticus AHPND was detected mostly in the sediment samples. Taken together, the results suggested that the LAMP-A3-based LAMP assay, but not LAMP-A2 or PCR, was suitable for the identification of V. parahaemolyticus AHPND in shrimp aquaculture. C1 [Kongrueng, Jetnaphang; Mitraparp-arthorn, Pimonsri; Vuddhakul, Varaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Microbiol, Food Safety & Hlth Res Unit, Fac Sci, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. [Tansila, Natta] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med Technol, Hat Yai, Thailand. [Nishibuchi, Mitsuaki] Kyoto Univ, Ctr Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto, Japan. [Vora, Gary J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vuddhakul, V (reprint author), Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Microbiol, Food Safety & Hlth Res Unit, Fac Sci, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. EM varaporn.v@psu.ac.th OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU Prince of Songkla University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences [KAKENHI 24249038]; Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan FX This work was supported by the Prince of Songkla University and in part, by Kakenhi Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI 24249038) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences and grant-in-aid of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. The authors thank Sonkhla shrimp farm for providing various samples. We also thank Brian Hodgsen for reading and commenting on this manuscript. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-6120 EI 1573-143X J9 AQUACULT INT JI Aquac. Int. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1188 DI 10.1007/s10499-014-9874-3 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CQ9BR UT WOS:000360906400005 ER PT J AU Ita, E AF Ita, Eyo TI Instanton Representation of Plebanski Gravity. The Classical Theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Instanton representation; Plebanski; General relativity ID CANONICAL GRAVITY AB This paper is a self-contained introduction to the instanton representation of Plebanski gravity (IRPG), a formulation of General Relativity (GR) where the basic variables are a spacetime gauge connection and a three by three matrix valued in the Lie algebra of so(3,C). We present a classical analysis of the IRPG from various perspectives, noting some of its interesting features and motivations. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ita, E (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ita@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N-00-1613-WX-20992] FX This work has been supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N-00-1613-WX-20992. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7748 EI 1572-9575 J9 INT J THEOR PHYS JI Int. J. Theor. Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3753 EP 3775 DI 10.1007/s10773-015-2614-2 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CR0JW UT WOS:000361005700026 ER PT J AU Meeks, NM Glass, JS Carroll, BT AF Meeks, Natalie M. Glass, Jonathan S. Carroll, Bryan T. TI Acute pain management in dermatology Mechanisms and pathways SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE analgesic; anesthetic; chronic pain; hyperalgesia; pain; surgery; transduction AB The number of dermatologic surgical procedures performed is increasing each year. The pain associated with these procedures is a major concern for patients and its treatment is part of the increasing emphasis on outcomes and quality of clinical care. Better understanding of pain signaling and how commonly used analgesics function can help improve our surgical pain management. This is part I of a 2-part review that will highlight the anatomy of acute pain signaling from the skin to the central nervous system and the factors that influence the plasticity of the pathway. Having this foundation of knowledge is needed to enhance the clinical treatment of pain. Part II will provide an updated review of available treatments, with an emphasis on their appropriate use for postsurgical pain management. C1 [Meeks, Natalie M.; Carroll, Bryan T.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. [Glass, Jonathan S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Carroll, BT (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Dermatol, 721 Fairfax Ave,Ste 200, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. EM CarrolBT@evms.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 73 IS 4 BP 533 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.061 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA CR2HC UT WOS:000361146700014 PM 26369838 ER PT J AU Glass, JS Hardy, CL Meeks, NM Carroll, BT AF Glass, Jonathan S. Hardy, C. Lamar Meeks, Natalie M. Carroll, Bryan T. TI Acute pain management in dermatology Risk assessment and treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE acute postsurgical pain; cosmetic surgery; hyperalgesia; Mohs micrographic surgery; multimodal analgesia; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; opioids; preventive analgesia; skin cancer surgery ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ACUTE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA; MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY; TUMESCENT ANESTHESIA; LOCAL-ANESTHESIA; BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS; POSTSURGICAL PAIN; SURGICAL-PATIENTS AB Dermatologists perform many procedures that require acute pain control with local anesthesia and, in some cases, management of postoperative pain. Identifying early risk factors before a procedure can better prepare both the patient and provider anticipate acute postsurgical pain needs. Taking a multimodal, algorithmic approach to managing acute postsurgical pain in dermatology practice can effectively attenuate acute postsurgical paint and reduce patient opioid requirements. C1 [Glass, Jonathan S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, Norfolk, VA USA. [Hardy, C. Lamar] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Grad Med Educ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Meeks, Natalie M.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. [Carroll, Bryan T.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Dermatol, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. RP Carroll, BT (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Dermatol, 721 Fairfax Ave,Ste 200, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. EM CarrolBT@evms.edu NR 133 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 73 IS 4 BP 543 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.04.050 PG 18 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA CR2HC UT WOS:000361146700015 PM 26369839 ER PT J AU Fluke, LM Ottino, J Zarow, GJ Held, J Neubauer, DC Polk, TM Oxner, CR AF Fluke, Laura M. Ottino, Jennifer Zarow, Gregory J. Held, Jenny Neubauer, Daniel C. Polk, Travis M. Oxner, Christopher R. TI Complication Rates and Operative Times for Endoloop vs Endoscopic Stapler Techniques for Laparoscopic Appendectomy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Sessions of the Scientific Forum and Annual Clinical Congress of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY OCT 04-08, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Surg C1 [Fluke, Laura M.; Ottino, Jennifer; Zarow, Gregory J.; Held, Jenny; Neubauer, Daniel C.; Polk, Travis M.; Oxner, Christopher R.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 EI 1879-1190 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 221 IS 4 SU 1 BP S66 EP S67 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA CR1XX UT WOS:000361119700124 ER PT J AU Melzer, JM Driskill, BR Clenney, TL Gessler, EM AF Melzer, Jonathan M. Driskill, Brent R. Clenney, Timothy L. Gessler, Eric M. TI Sublingual Immunotherapy for Allergic Fungal Sinusitis SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sublingual; immunotherapy; fungal; sinusitis; allergic; AFS; rhinosinusitis; SLIT; allergy; SCIT ID RHINOSINUSITIS; PREDICT; SAFETY AB Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is a condition that has an allergic basis caused by exposure to fungi in the sinonasal tract leading to chronic inflammation. Despite standard treatment modalities, which typically include surgery and medical management of allergies, patients still have a high rate of recurrence. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been used as adjuvant treatment for AFS. Evidence exists to support the use of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) as a safe and efficacious method of treating allergies, but no studies have assessed the utility of SLIT in the management of allergic fungal sinusitis. A record review of cases of AFS that are currently or previously treated with sublingual immunotherapy from 2007 to 2011 was performed. Parameters of interest included serum IgE levels, changes in symptoms, Lund-McKay scores, decreased sensitization to fungal allergens associated with AFS, and serum IgE levels. Ten patients with diagnosed AFS were treated with SLIT. No adverse effects related to the use of SLIT therapy were identified. Decreases in subjective complaints, exam findings, Lund-McKay scores, and serum IgE levels were observed. Thus, sublingual immunotherapy appears to be a safe adjunct to the management of AFS that may improve patient outcomes. C1 [Melzer, Jonathan M.; Driskill, Brent R.; Clenney, Timothy L.; Gessler, Eric M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Melzer, JM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jonathan.m.melzer.mil@mail.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-4894 EI 1943-572X J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 124 IS 10 BP 782 EP 787 DI 10.1177/0003489415583686 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA CQ8HU UT WOS:000360848700004 PM 25902841 ER PT J AU Cowart, J Prak, DL Hamilton, L AF Cowart, Jim Prak, Dianne Luning Hamilton, Len TI The Effects of Fuel Injection Pressure and Fuel Type on the Combustion Characteristics of a Diesel Engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID IGNITION DELAY; N-HEXADECANE; DENSITY AB In an effort to understand the effects of injection system pressure on alternative fuel performance, a single-cylinder diesel engine was outfit with a modern common rail fuel injection system and piezoelectric injector. As future new fuels will likely be used in both older mechanical injected engines as well as newer high pressure common rail engines, the question as to the sensitivity of a new fuel type across a range of engines is of concern. In this study, conventional diesel fuel (Navy NATO F76) was compared with the new Navy hydroprocessed renewable diesel (HRD) fuel from algal sources, as well as the high cetane reference fuel nC16 (n-hexadecane CN = 100). It was seen that, in general, ignition delay (IGD) was shortened for all fuels with increasing fuel injection pressure and was shortened with higher CN fuels. The combustion duration for all fuels was also significantly reduced with increasing fuel injection pressure, however, longer durations were seen for higher CN fuels at the same fuel pressure due to less premixing before the start of combustion. Companion modeling using the Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) heavy hydrocarbon and diesel primary reference fuel (PRF) chemical kinetic mechanisms for HRD and nC16 was applied to understand the relative importance of the physical and chemical delay periods of the IGD. It was seen that at low fuel injection pressures, the physical and chemical delay times are of comparable duration. However, as injection pressure increases the importance of the chemical delay times increases significantly (longer), especially with the lower CN fuel. C1 [Cowart, Jim; Prak, Dianne Luning; Hamilton, Len] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cowart, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Sharon Beermann-Curtain and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. The authors also wish to thank AVL for providing the Fire simulation code as well as technical support. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2015 VL 137 IS 10 AR 101501 DI 10.1115/1.4029949 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CQ3YZ UT WOS:000360542100002 ER PT J AU Calderon, CE Plata, JJ Toher, C Oses, C Levy, O Fornari, M Natan, A Mehl, MJ Hart, G Nardelli, MB Curtarolo, S AF Calderon, Camilo E. Plata, Jose J. Toher, Cormac Oses, Corey Levy, Ohad Fornari, Marco Natan, Amir Mehl, Michael J. Hart, Gus Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno Curtarolo, Stefano TI The AFLOW standard for high-throughput materials science calculations SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE High-throughput; Materials genomics; AFLOWLIB; VASP ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; LDA+U METHOD; BASIS-SET; METALS AB The Automatic-Flow (AFLOW) standard for the high-throughput construction of materials science electronic structure databases is described. Electronic structure calculations of solid state materials depend on a large number of parameters which must be understood by researchers, and must be reported by originators to ensure reproducibility and enable collaborative database expansion. We therefore describe standard parameter values for k-point grid density, basis set plane wave kinetic energy cut-off, exchange-correlation functionals, pseudopotentials, DFT+U parameters, and convergence criteria used in AFLOW calculations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Calderon, Camilo E.; Plata, Jose J.; Toher, Cormac; Oses, Corey; Levy, Ohad] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fornari, Marco] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. [Natan, Amir] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Phys Elect, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Mehl, Michael J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hart, Gus] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Curtarolo, Stefano] Duke Univ, Mat Sci Elect Engn Phys & Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Curtarolo, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Mat Sci Elect Engn Phys & Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM stefano@duke.edu RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 108 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.07.019 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CP1NG UT WOS:000359641900032 ER PT J AU Amin, R Penta, B deRada, S AF Amin, Ruhul Penta, Bradley deRada, Sergio TI Occurrence and Spatial Extent of HABs on the West Florida Shelf 2002-Present SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Harmful algal blooms (HABs); karenia brevis; low backscattering blooms (LBBs); phytoplankton; red band difference (RBD); remote sensing ID SATELLITE OCEAN COLOR; INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL WATERS; RED TIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can lead to severe economic and ecological impacts in coastal areas and can threaten marine life and human health. About three quarters of these toxic blooms are caused by dinoflagellate species. One dinoflagellate species, i.e., Karenia brevis, blooms nearly every year in the Gulf of Mexico, particularly on the West Florida Shelf (WFS), where these blooms cause millions of dollars in socioeconomic damage. In this letter, we use the red band difference (RBD) bloom detection technique for detection of low backscattering phytoplankton blooms, such as K. brevis, and conduct time-series analyses of the spatial extent of these blooms using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) monthly mean data spanning July 2002 (sensor inception) to September 2014. The time-series results show that the RBD successfully detects the documented HABs in the region, illustrating the seasonal and interannual variability, including the extensive blooms of 2005 and 2014. C1 [Amin, Ruhul] BioOptoSense LLC, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. [Penta, Bradley; deRada, Sergio] Naval Res Lab, Hancock Cty, MS 39529 USA. RP Amin, R (reprint author), BioOptoSense LLC, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. EM biooptosense@gmail.com FU Center for the Advancement of Science in Space through NASA [NNH11CD70A]; NRL project "Modeling Dynamic Bio-Optical Layers In Coastal Systems (DYaBOLIC)" [61153N]; BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [SA 12-12, GoMRI-008] FX This work was supported in part by the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space through NASA Cooperative Agreement NNH11CD70A, by the NRL project "Modeling Dynamic Bio-Optical Layers In Coastal Systems (DYaBOLIC)" under Program Element 61153N, and by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the DEEP-C Consortium (#SA 12-12, GoMRI-008). NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 43 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 12 IS 10 BP 2080 EP 2084 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2015.2448453 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP0PD UT WOS:000359576400015 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA AF Harris, J. R. Jensen, K. L. Shiffler, D. A. TI Modelling field emitter arrays using line charge distributions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field emitters; electrostatics; cathodes ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; CARBON NANOTUBE; SURFACE; ENHANCEMENT AB Field emitter arrays are high-brightness electron sources with important current and future applications in vacuum electronics, particle accelerators, and directed energy. The current produced by individual emitters in these arrays is controlled by the total electric field on their surfaces, which depends on the background field, the space charge field from previously-emitted electrons, and field enhancements due to geometric features at the macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. To facilitate the study of shielding and space charge effects in these arrays, we have developed a mathematical model using tapered line charges to generate equipotential surfaces which approximate the geometry of high aspect ratio field emitters. This model provides an analytic approach for studying contributions to array performance due to macro-scale and meso-scale features such as array geometry, emitter height, and emitter tip radius. Here we present this model and use it to assess the impact of these parameters on the field enhancement factor of individual field emitters and emitters in 1D and 2D arrays. C1 [Harris, J. R.] US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, D. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. EM john.r.harris3@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint ST Focus Area; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support they have received from the Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint S&T Focus Area (JRH) and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (KLJ), without which this work would not have been possible. Conversations with J Petillo (Leidos) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 30 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 38 AR 385203 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/48/38/385203 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CS3HY UT WOS:000361964400015 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA Sprangle, P AF Johnson, Luke A. Sprangle, Phillip TI Guiding supersonic projectiles using optically generated air density channels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE DRAG REDUCTION; ENERGY DEPOSITION; FEMTOSECOND FILAMENTATION; TRANSPARENT MEDIA AB We investigate the feasibility of using optically generated channels of reduced air density to provide trajectory correction (guiding) for a supersonic projectile. It is shown that the projectile experiences a force perpendicular to its direction of motion as one side of the projectile passes through a channel of reduced air density. A single channel of reduced air density can be generated by the energy deposited from filamentation of an intense laser pulse. We propose changing the laser pulse energy from shot-to-shot to build longer effective channels. Current femtosecond laser systems with multi-millijoule pulses could provide trajectory correction of several meters on 5 km trajectories for sub-kilogram projectiles traveling at Mach 3. C1 [Johnson, Luke A.; Sprangle, Phillip] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Johnson, Luke/0000-0003-3965-3511 FU Naval Research Laboratory, University of Maryland; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory, University of Maryland, and the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank Dr. Kevin Ryan, Dr. Antonio Ting, and Mr. Eric Rosenthal for useful discussions. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 12 AR 123301 DI 10.1063/1.4931144 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CT1NQ UT WOS:000362565800009 ER PT J AU Naify, CJ Guild, MD Rohde, CA Calvo, DC Orris, GJ AF Naify, Christina J. Guild, Matthew D. Rohde, Charles A. Calvo, David C. Orris, Gregory J. TI Demonstration of a directional sonic prism in two dimensions using an air-acoustic leaky wave antenna SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION-LINE; METAMATERIALS; RADIATION AB Analysis and experimental demonstration of a two-dimensional acoustic leaky wave antenna is presented for use in air. The antenna is comprised of a two-dimensional waveguide patterned with radiating acoustic shunts. When excited using a single acoustic source within the waveguide, the antenna acts as a sonic prism that exhibits frequency steering. This design allows for control of acoustic steering angle using only a single source transducer and a patterned aperture. Aperture design was determined using transmission line analysis and finite element methods. The designed antenna was fabricated and the steering angle measured. The performance of the measured aperture was within 9% of predicted angle magnitudes over all examined frequencies. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Naify, Christina J.; Rohde, Charles A.; Calvo, David C.; Orris, Gregory J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Guild, Matthew D.] US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naify, CJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 7165, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christina.naify@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 13 AR 133505 DI 10.1063/1.4932173 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CT1QN UT WOS:000362575600048 ER PT J AU Martinez-Blanco, J Erwin, SC Kanisawa, K Folsch, S AF Martinez-Blanco, Jesus Erwin, Steven C. Kanisawa, Kiyoshi Foelsch, Stefan TI Energy splitting of image states induced by the surface potential corrugation of InAs(111) A SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION; METAL-SURFACES; ELECTRON AB By means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), we study the electronic structure of the III-V semiconductor surface InAs(111) A in the field emission regime (above the vacuum level). At high sample bias voltages (approaching + 10 V), a series of well defined resonances are identified as the typical Stark shifted image states that are commonly found on metallic surfaces in the form of field emission resonances (FER). At lower bias voltages, a more complex situation arises. Up to three double peaks are identified as the first three FERs that are split due to their interaction with the periodic surface potential. The high corrugation of this potential is also quantified by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Another sharp resonance not belonging to the FER series is associated with an unoccupied surface state. C1 [Martinez-Blanco, Jesus; Foelsch, Stefan] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanisawa, Kiyoshi] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. RP Martinez-Blanco, J (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM blanco@pdi-berlin.de FU German Research Foundation [SFB 658, TP A2]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (SFB 658, TP A2) and the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 28 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 11 AR 115444 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.115444 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CS1CX UT WOS:000361801300006 ER PT J AU Smith, AF Weiner, RG Bower, MM Dragnea, B Skrabalak, SE AF Smith, Alison F. Weiner, Rebecca G. Bower, Matthew M. Dragnea, Bogdan Skrabalak, Sara E. TI Structure versus Composition: A Single-Particle Investigation of Plasmonic Bimetallic Nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOCRYSTALS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOCUBES; NOBLE-METALS; SIZE; SHAPE; RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; AG AB Stellated bimetallic nanostructures are a new class of plasmonic colloids in which the interplay between composition and overall architecture can provide tunable optical properties and new functionality. However, decoupling the complex compositional and structural contributions to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) remains a challenge, especially when the monometallic counterparts are not synthetically accessible for comparison. Here, stellated Au-Pd nanocrystals (NCs) with O-h symmetry are used as a model system to decouple structural and complex compositional effects on LSPR. Single-particle correlation of the LSPR with the structure of octopodal Au-Pd NCs was achieved using optical dark-field spectroscopy with scanning electron microscopy. These measurements were compared to calculations of the optical properties of structurally similar Au-only octopods by the finite difference time domain method. This comparison enabled the role of complex composition, which was determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectrometry measurements, on the LSPR to be elucidated from the structural contributions. This methodology provides a powerful framework to guide the design of new plasmonic colloids through both structure and composition. C1 [Smith, Alison F.; Weiner, Rebecca G.; Bower, Matthew M.; Dragnea, Bogdan; Skrabalak, Sara E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Smith, Alison F.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47533 USA. RP Skrabalak, SE (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM sskrabal@indiana.edu FU Indiana University (IU) start-up funds; IU's Office of the Vice President for Research; Office of the Vice Provost for Research through the Faculty Research Support Program; U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1306853]; NSWC Crane PhD Fellowship; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0490] FX The optical characterization of NCs and simulations were supported by Indiana University (IU) start-up funds and IU's Office of the Vice President for Research and the Office of the Vice Provost for Research through the Faculty Research Support Program. Synthesis of NCs was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CHE-1306853. SES is a Cottrell Scholar (Research Corporation), Alfred P. Sloan Fellow, and Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar. The authors gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with Emilie Ringe of Rice University and Maryam Zahedian, Eun Soh Kohl, and Lu Dai of Indiana University. AFS acknowledges the support from a NSWC Crane PhD Fellowship. BD acknowledges support from U.S. Army Research Office under award W911NF-13-1-0490. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 24 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 38 BP 22114 EP 22121 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06691 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CS2SJ UT WOS:000361921600042 ER PT J AU David, HM Chen, J Seweryniak, D Kondev, FG Gates, JM Gregorich, KE Ahmad, I Albers, M Alcorta, M Back, BB Baartman, B Bertone, PF Bernstein, LA Campbell, CM Carpenter, MP Chiara, CJ Clark, RM Cromaz, M Doherty, DT Dracoulis, GD Esker, NE Fallon, P Gothe, OR Greene, JP Greenlees, PT Hartley, DJ Hauschild, K Hoffman, CR Hota, SS Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Konki, J Kwarsick, JT Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO Mudder, PR Nair, C Qiu, Y Rissanen, J Rogers, AM Ruotsalainen, P Savard, G Stolze, S Wiens, A Zhu, S AF David, H. M. Chen, J. Seweryniak, D. Kondev, F. G. Gates, J. M. Gregorich, K. E. Ahmad, I. Albers, M. Alcorta, M. Back, B. B. Baartman, B. Bertone, P. F. Bernstein, L. A. Campbell, C. M. Carpenter, M. P. Chiara, C. J. Clark, R. M. Cromaz, M. Doherty, D. T. Dracoulis, G. D. Esker, N. E. Fallon, P. Gothe, O. R. Greene, J. P. Greenlees, P. T. Hartley, D. J. Hauschild, K. Hoffman, C. R. Hota, S. S. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Konki, J. Kwarsick, J. T. Lauritsen, T. Macchiavelli, A. O. Mudder, P. R. Nair, C. Qiu, Y. Rissanen, J. Rogers, A. M. Ruotsalainen, P. Savard, G. Stolze, S. Wiens, A. Zhu, S. TI Decay and Fission Hindrance of Two- and Four-Quasiparticle K Isomers in (254)Rf SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; STATES; FM-250; NO-254 AB Two isomers decaying by electromagnetic transitions with half-lives of 4.7(1.1) and 247(73) mu s have been discovered in the heavy (254)Rf nucleus. The observation of the shorter-lived isomer was made possible by a novel application of a digital data acquisition system. The isomers were interpreted as the K-pi = 8(-), nu(2)(7/2(+)[624]; 9/2(-)[734]) two-quasineutron and the K-pi = 16(+), 8(-)nu(2)(7/2(+)[624]; 9/2(-)[734] circle times 8(-)pi(2) (7/2(-)[514]; 9/2(+)[624]) four-quasiparticle configurations, respectively. Surprisingly, the lifetime of the two-quasiparticle isomer is more than 4 orders of magnitude shorter than what has been observed for analogous isomers in the lighter N = 150 isotones. The four-quasiparticle isomer is longer lived than the (254)Rf ground state that decays exclusively by spontaneous fission with a half-life of 23.2(1.1) mu s. The absence of sizable fission branches from either of the isomers implies unprecedented fission hindrance relative to the ground state. C1 [David, H. M.; Chen, J.; Seweryniak, D.; Kondev, F. G.; Ahmad, I.; Albers, M.; Alcorta, M.; Back, B. B.; Bertone, P. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Greene, J. P.; Hoffman, C. R.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Nair, C.; Rogers, A. M.; Savard, G.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gates, J. M.; Gregorich, K. E.; Baartman, B.; Campbell, C. M.; Clark, R. M.; Cromaz, M.; Esker, N. E.; Fallon, P.; Gothe, O. R.; Kwarsick, J. T.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Mudder, P. R.; Rissanen, J.; Wiens, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bernstein, L. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Doherty, D. T.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dracoulis, G. D.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Greenlees, P. T.; Konki, J.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Stolze, S.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Hartley, D. J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hauschild, K.] CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hota, S. S.; Qiu, Y.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Seweryniak, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM seweryniak@anl.gov RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Hoffman, Calem/H-4325-2016; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Hoffman, Calem/0000-0001-7141-9827; Chen, Jun/0000-0003-0447-7466; Ruotsalainen, Panu/0000-0002-8335-452X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER408341, DE-FG02-94ER40848]; NSF [PHY-1203100] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, No. DE-FG02-94ER408341, and No. DE-FG02-94ER40848 and by NSF Grant No. PHY-1203100. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 13 AR 132502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.132502 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CR9MI UT WOS:000361679600004 PM 26451549 ER PT J AU Kruse, FA AF Kruse, Fred A. TI Integrated visible and near-infrared, shortwave infrared, and longwave infrared full-range hyperspectral data analysis for geologic mapping SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral data fusion; hyperspectral imaging; spectral geology; visible near-infrared; shortwave infrared; longwave infrared; multimodal spectral mapping; northern Death Valley remote sensing ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA; ALTERED ROCKS; MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER; DEATH-VALLEY; MINERALS; NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; SPECTROSCOPY AB Airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) and spatially coincident hyperspectral thermal emission spectrometer (HyTES) data were used to map geology and alteration for a site in northern Death Valley, California and Nevada. AVIRIS with 224 bands from 0.4 to 2.5 mu m were converted to reflectance. HyTES data with 256 bands covering 8 to 12 mu m were converted to emissivity. Two approaches were investigated for integration of the datasets for full spectrum analysis. A combined (integrated) bands method utilized 332 spectral bands spanning both datasets. Spectral endmembers were extracted, and the predominant material at each pixel was mapped for the full spectral range using partial unmixing. This approach separated a variety of materials, but it was difficult to directly relate mapping results to surface properties. The second method used visible to near-infrared, shortwave infrared, and longwave infrared data independently to determine and map key endmembers in each spectral range. AVIRIS directly mapped a variety of specific minerals, while HyTES separated and mapped several igneous rock phases. Individual mapping results were then combined using geologically directed logical operators. The full-range results illustrate that integrated analysis provides advantages over use of just one spectral range, leading to improved understanding of the distribution of geologic units and alteration. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Kruse, Fred A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kruse, Fred A.] Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kruse, FA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fakruse@nps.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD SEP 23 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 096005 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.096005 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CX7LZ UT WOS:000365884700001 ER PT J AU Gemmill, KB Diaz, SA Blanco-Canosa, JB Deschamps, JR Pons, T Liu, HW Deniz, A Melinger, J Oh, E Susumu, K Stewart, MH Hastman, DA North, SH Delehanty, JB Dawson, PE Medintz, IL AF Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman Diaz, Sebastian A. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Pons, Thomas Liu, Hsiao-Wei Deniz, Ashok Melinger, Joseph Oh, Eunkeu Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Hastman, David A., Jr. North, Stella H. Delehanty, James B. Dawson, Philip E. Medintz, Igor L. TI Examining the Polyproline Nanoscopic Ruler in the Context of Quantum Dots SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; POLY-L-PROLINE; II CONFORMATIONAL BIAS; SPECTROSCOPIC RULER; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDAL NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MODEL PEPTIDES; CIS RESIDUES AB The rigidity and defined length of the polyproline type II helix (PPII) have made it the structural basis of a nanoscopic ruler, which has been widely applied in Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies. A growing body of data, however, has questioned the foundation for this and has provided evidence for structural perturbations to the PPII caused by temperature, salt content, solvent polarity, and even Pro repeat length. Here, we examine the polyproline ruler in the context of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and FRET. For this study, a series of polyproline peptides (Pro(n), n = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18) displaying a C-terminal hexahistidine sequence (His(6)) and an N-terminal cysteine for site-specific labeling with Cy3 dye were synthesized. Peptide rigidity was first examined with ATTO 647 Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid acceptor dye coordinated to the His(6)-termini of the Cy3 donor-labeled peptides. These conditions provided a steady-state fluorescent response that closely followed FRET predictions derived from the expected donor-acceptor distances; this confirmed the PPII conformation and nanoscopic ruler in the context of our sequences. Peptides were next assembled to negatively charged dihydrolipoic acid functionalized 530 nm emitting QDs, which then acted as a donor to the Cy3 acceptor. These data revealed decreases in FRET efficiency E but at significantly less than the magnitude predicted. Lastly, peptides were assembled to neutral poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG-appended dihydrolipoic acid functionalized 530 nm QDs, and here FRET E did not change as peptide length increased. The latter observations were confirmed with excited-state lifetime measurements and single-pair FRET analysis. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed on select peptides both free in solution and as assembled to the PEGylated QDs along with physical characterization by dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic mobility. Overall, analysis confirms the initial validity of the rigid polyproline ruler, while it also suggests that peptide subpopulations adopt a different conformation when attached to QDs. Rather than a gross structural rearrangement, this change is consistent with a trans to cis bond reversion in some of the Pro-Pro peptidyl bond(s), which alters persistence length. This suggests that the PPII is highly context dependent and can be strongly influenced by microenvironments or interfacial effects and thus requires careful consideration of experimental format and related factors before being implemented with nanopartides. C1 [Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Diaz, Sebastian A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Hastman, David A., Jr.; North, Stella H.; Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Melinger, Joseph] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Liu, Hsiao-Wei; Deniz, Ashok] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Integrat Struct & Computat Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pons, Thomas] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, PSL Res Univ, CNRS,ESPCI ParisTech,LPEM, F-75231 Paris 5, France. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Diaz, Sebastian A.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008; OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302; Diaz, Sebastian/0000-0002-5568-0512 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL Nanosciences Institute; DTRA JSTO MIPR [B112582M]; NIH [GMR01-098871] FX The authors acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, the NRL Nanosciences Institute, and DTRA JSTO MIPR No. B112582M. P.D. acknowledges NIH GMR01-098871. NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 22 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 18 BP 6222 EP 6237 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03181 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CS2XJ UT WOS:000361935000012 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Kim, CS Merritt, CD Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Kim, M AF Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Merritt, C. D. Bewley, W. W. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Kim, M. TI Interband cascade lasers with > 40% continuous-wave wallplug efficiency at cryogenic temperatures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER AB Broad-area 10-stage interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting at lambda = 3.0-3.2 gamma m are shown to maintain continuous-wave (cw) wallplug efficiencies exceeding 40% at temperatures up to 125 K, despite having a design optimized for operation at ambient and above. The cw threshold current density at 80K is only 11 A/cm(2) for a 2mm cavity with anti-reflection/high-reflection coatings on the two facets. The external differential quantum efficiency for a 1-mm-long cavity with the same coatings is 70% per stage at 80 K, and still above 65% at 150 K. The results demonstrate that at cryogenic temperatures, where free carrier absorption losses are minimized, ICLs can convert electrical to optical energy nearly as efficiently as the best specially designed intersubband-based quantum cascade lasers. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Merritt, C. D.; Bewley, W. W.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM MWIR_laser@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 12 AR 121102 DI 10.1063/1.4931498 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CS1NI UT WOS:000361832600002 ER PT J AU Basu, R Kinnamon, D Garvey, A AF Basu, Rajratan Kinnamon, Daniel Garvey, Alfred TI Detection of graphene chirality using achiral liquid crystalline platforms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANORIBBONS; PHASE AB Monolayer graphene flakes were dispersed at low concentrations into two achiral liquid crystals (LCs) alkoxyphenylbenzoate (9OO4) and 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), separately. The presence of graphene resulted in two types of chiral signatures in the LCs: an electroclinic effect (a polar tilt of the LC director perpendicular to, and linear in, an applied electric field) in the smectic-A phase of 9OO4, and a macroscopic helical twist of the LC director in the nematic phase of 5CB. Graphene flakes generally possess strain chirality and edge chirality. The non-covalent interactions between the LC molecules and chiral graphene flakes induce molecular conformational deracemization in the LC, exhibiting a bulk electroclinic effect and a macroscopic helical twist. C1 [Basu, Rajratan; Kinnamon, Daniel; Garvey, Alfred] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Basu, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM basu@usna.edu OI Basu, Rajratan/0000-0003-2417-1827 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001415WX01534]; U.S. Naval Academy FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Award No. N0001415WX01534) and the investment grant at the U.S. Naval Academy. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 11 AR 114302 DI 10.1063/1.4931147 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CS1QS UT WOS:000361843300017 ER PT J AU Caliandro, GA Cheung, CC Li, J Scargle, JL Torres, DF Wood, KS Chernyakova, M AF Caliandro, G. A. Cheung, C. C. Li, J. Scargle, J. L. Torres, D. F. Wood, K. S. Chernyakova, M. TI GAMMA-RAY FLARE ACTIVITY FROM PSR B1259-63 DURING 2014 PERIASTRON PASSAGE AND COMPARISON TO ITS 2010 PASSAGE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual (PSR B1259-63); X-rays: binaries ID BINARY-SYSTEM; PULSAR WIND; TELESCOPE; AREA; PSR-1259-63; EMISSION; CATALOG; RADIO AB PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 is a gamma-ray binary system containing a radio pulsar in a highly elliptical similar to 3.4-year orbit around a Be star. In its 2010 periastron passage, multiwavelength emission from radio to TeV was observed, as well as an unexpected GeV flare measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Here, we report the results of LAT monitoring of PSR B1259-63 during its most recent 2014 periastron passage. We compare the gamma-ray behavior in this periastron with the former in 2010 and find that PSR B1259-63 shows a recurrent GeV flare. The similarities and differences in the phenomenology of both periastron passages are discussed. C1 [Caliandro, G. A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, Laquila, Italy. [Cheung, C. C.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Space Sci CSIC IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Scargle, J. L.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Chernyakova, M.] Dublin City Univ, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Chernyakova, M.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Caliandro, GA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM caliandr@slac.stanford.edu; jian@ieec.uab.es; kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil RI Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 FU Commonwealth Government; National Natural Science Foundation of China [AYA2012-39303, SGR 2014-1073, NSFC-11473027]; Chinese Academy of Sciences visiting professorship program [2013T2J0007]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations. J.L. and D.F.T. acknowledge support from the grants AYA2012-39303 and SGR 2014-1073, and support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China via NSFC-11473027. D.F.T. further acknowledges the Chinese Academy of Sciences visiting professorship program 2013T2J0007. Work by C.C.C at the NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2015 VL 811 IS 1 AR 68 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/68 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU4BR UT WOS:000363471600069 ER PT J AU Young, SM Kane, CL AF Young, Steve M. Kane, Charles L. TI Dirac Semimetals in Two Dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSULATORS; GRAPHENE AB Graphene is famous for being a host of 2D Dirac fermions. However, spin-orbit coupling introduces a small gap, so that graphene is formally a quantum spin Hall insulator. Here we present symmetry-protected 2D Dirac semimetals, which feature Dirac cones at high-symmetry points that are not gapped by spin-orbit interactions and exhibit behavior distinct from both graphene and 3D Dirac semimetals. Using a two-site tight-binding model, we construct representatives of three possible distinct Dirac semimetal phases and show that single symmetry-protected Dirac points are impossible in two dimensions. An essential role is played by the presence of nonsymmorphic space group symmetries. We argue that these symmetries tune the system to the boundary between a 2D topological and trivial insulator. By breaking the symmetries we are able to access trivial and topological insulators as well as Weyl semimetal phases. C1 [Young, Steve M.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kane, Charles L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Young, SM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Simons Foundation; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank Saad Zaheer for emphasizing to us the role of nonsymmorphic symmetries in Dirac semimetals. We also thank Youngkuk Kim for helpful discussions. C. L. K. acknowledges a Simons Investigator grant from the Simons Foundation, and S. M. Y. was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 23 U2 65 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 12 AR 126803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.126803 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CR4PA UT WOS:000361316500015 PM 26431004 ER PT J AU Wier, TP Moser, CS Grant, JF First, MR Riley, SC Robbins-Wamsley, SH Drake, LA AF Wier, Timothy P. Moser, Cameron S. Grant, Jonathan F. First, Matthew R. Riley, Scott C. Robbins-Wamsley, Stephanie H. Drake, Lisa A. TI Sample port design for ballast water sampling: Refinement of guidance regarding the isokinetic diameter SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Aquatic nuisance species; Compliance; Invasive species; Sampling; Ballast water ID ORGANISMS; TANKS AB By using an appropriate in-line sampling system, it is possible to obtain representative samples of ballast water from the main ballast line. An important parameter of the sampling port is its "isokinetic diameter" (D-ISO), which is the.diameter calculated to determine the velocity of water in the sample port relative to the velocity of the water in the main ballast line. The guidance in the U.S. Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program protocol suggests increasing the diameter from 1.0 x D-ISO (in which velocity in the sample port is equivalent to velocity in the main line) to 1.5-2.0 x D-ISO. In this manner, flow velocity is slowed-and mortality of organisms is theoretically minimized as water enters the sample port. This report describes field and laboratory trials, as well as computational fluid dynamics modeling, to refine this guidance. From this work, a No of 1.0-2.0 x (smaller diameter sample ports) is recommended. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wier, Timothy P.; Moser, Cameron S.; First, Matthew R.; Riley, Scott C.; Robbins-Wamsley, Stephanie H.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Grant, Jonathan F.] Battenkill Technol Inc, Manchester Ctr, VT 05255 USA. [Drake, Lisa A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Key West, FL 33041 USA. RP Wier, TP (reprint author), Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM timothy.wier.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI First, Matthew/0000-0003-1330-3353; First, Matt/0000-0003-3465-2376 FU U.S. Coast Guard Environmental Standards Division (CG-OES-3) [MIPR HSCG23-12-X-MMS321]; Diane Lysogorski (Section Head, Naval Research Laboratory and Director, Center for Corrosion Science and Engineering, Key West, FL) [6136] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Coast Guard Environmental Standards Division (CG-OES-3), MIPR HSCG23-12-X-MMS321; Tasks 5.3-5.4, although it does not represent the official policy of the U.S. Coast Guard. We thank Richard Everett and Regina Bergner (U.S. Coast Guard, Environmental Standards Division, CG-OES-3) for their advice and programmatic support. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Brian Howes (University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth) and Craig Taylor (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) and Roy Richard (SAIC). We also appreciate William Kinee (NRL), for his help constructing components used in the laboratory and field trials, and the support of Diane Lysogorski (Section Head, Naval Research Laboratory Code 6136 and Director, Center for Corrosion Science and Engineering, Key West, FL). Reviews of this report by Diane Lysogorski and Barry Spargo (Acting Superintendent, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory) improved it-we appreciate their input. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS5QW UT WOS:000362134100028 PM 26187400 ER PT J AU Kajon, AE Hang, J Hawksworth, A Metzgar, D Hage, E Hansen, CJ Kuschner, RA Blair, P Russell, KL Jarman, RG AF Kajon, Adriana E. Hang, Jun Hawksworth, Anthony Metzgar, David Hage, Elias Hansen, Christian J. Kuschner, Robert A. Blair, Patrick Russell, Kevin L. Jarman, Richard G. TI Molecular Epidemiology of Adenovirus Type 21 Respiratory Strains Isolated From US Military Trainees (1996-2014) SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE adenovirus evolution; DNA; military; molecular epidemiology ID HYPERVARIABLE REGIONS; ENTERIC IMMUNIZATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; RECRUITS; DISEASE; ILLNESS; OUTBREAK; VACCINES; LIVE AB Background. The circulation of human adenovirus type 21 (HAdV21) in the United States has been documented since the 1960s in association with outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness (FRI) in military boot camps and civilian cases of respiratory disease. Methods.aEuro integral To describe the molecular epidemiology of HAdV21 respiratory infections across the country, 150 clinical respiratory isolates obtained from continuous surveillance of military recruit FRI, and 23 respiratory isolates recovered from pediatric and adult civilian cases of acute respiratory infection were characterized to compile molecular typing data spanning 37 years (1978-2014). Results.aEuro integral Restriction enzyme analysis and genomic sequencing identified 2 clusters of closely related genomic variants readily distinguishable from the prototype and designated 21a-like and 21b-like. A-like variants predominated until 1999. A shift to b-like variants was noticeable by 2007 after a 7-year period (2000-2006) of cocirculation of the 2 genome types. US strains are phylogenetically more closely related to European and Asian strains isolated over the last 4 decades than to the Saudi Arabian prototype strain AV-1645 isolated in 1956. Conclusions.aEuro integral Knowledge of circulating HAdV21 variants and their epidemic behavior will be of significant value to local and global FRI surveillance efforts. C1 [Kajon, Adriana E.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Hang, Jun; Kuschner, Robert A.; Jarman, Richard G.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Viral Dis Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hawksworth, Anthony; Metzgar, David; Hansen, Christian J.; Blair, Patrick] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Infect Dis Dept, San Diego, CA USA. [Hage, Elias] Hannover Med Sch, Inst Virol, Hannover, Germany. [Russell, Kevin L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kajon, AE (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM akajon@lrri.org FU Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center [C0409-11, C0605-12, P0023-13, P0023-14]; Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (Naval Health Research Center Work Unit) [60805] FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (grant numbers C0409-11, C0605-12, P0023-13 and P0023-14, and Naval Health Research Center Work Unit No. 60805). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 6 BP 871 EP 880 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv141 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CR4EW UT WOS:000361285600005 PM 25748322 ER PT J AU Martin, TP Naify, CJ Skerritt, EA Layman, CN Nicholas, M Calvo, DC Orris, GJ Torrent, D Sanchez-Dehesa, J AF Martin, Theodore P. Naify, Christina J. Skerritt, Elizabeth A. Layman, Christopher N. Nicholas, Michael Calvo, David C. Orris, Gregory J. Torrent, Daniel Sanchez-Dehesa, Jose TI Transparent Gradient-Index Lens for Underwater Sound Based on Phase Advance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS AB Spatial gradients in a refractive index are used extensively in acoustic metamaterial applications to control wave propagation through phase delay. This study reports the design and experimental realization of an acoustic gradient-index lens using a sonic crystal lattice that is impedance matched to water over a broad bandwidth. In contrast to previous designs, the underlying lattice features refractive indices that are lower than the water background, which facilitates propagation control based on a phase advance as opposed to a delay. The index gradient is achieved by varying the filling fraction of hollow, air-filled aluminum tubes that individually exhibit a higher sound speed than water and matched impedance. Acoustic focusing is observed over a broad bandwidth of frequencies in the homogenization limit of the lattice, with intensity magnifications in excess of 7 dB. An anisotropic lattice design facilitates a flat-faceted geometry with low backscattering at 18 dB below the incident sound-pressure level. A three-dimensional Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integration that accounts for the anisotropic refraction is used to accurately predict the experimentally measured focal patterns. C1 [Martin, Theodore P.; Naify, Christina J.; Skerritt, Elizabeth A.; Layman, Christopher N.; Nicholas, Michael; Calvo, David C.; Orris, Gregory J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Torrent, Daniel; Sanchez-Dehesa, Jose] Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Elect Engn, Wave Phenomena Grp, E-46002 Valencia, Spain. RP Martin, TP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 7160, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM theodore.martin@nrl.navy.mil RI Martin, Theodore/H-1287-2016 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 48 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 4 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.034003 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CR4QW UT WOS:000361322700001 ER PT J AU Thompson, DR Gao, BC Green, RO Roberts, DA Dennison, PE Lundeen, SR AF Thompson, David R. Gao, Bo-Cai Green, Robert O. Roberts, Dar A. Dennison, Philip E. Lundeen, Sarah R. TI Atmospheric correction for global mapping spectroscopy: ATREM advances for the HyspIRI preparatory campaign SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Imaging spectroscopy; HyspIRI mission; Atmospheric correction ID VEGETATION LIQUID WATER; AVIRIS DATA; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; SATELLITE SIGNAL; SOLAR SPECTRUM; SIERRA-NEVADA; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; ABSORPTION; SNOWMELT AB Orbital imaging spectrometers, such as the proposed Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission, will provide global, multi-year Visible Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) reflectance maps. Monitoring the Earth's surface at high spectral resolution will advance our understanding of changing ecosystems and land use. These applications depend on reliable correction of atmospheric scattering and absorption. The HyspIRI Preparatory Campaign is an airborne precursor mission comprised of multiple flights by the "classic" Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-C) over a wide geographic area. This article describes the atmospheric correction that we have implemented for the campaign. We first present the theoretical basis of our approach, which is grounded in the ATmospheric REMoval (ATREM) algorithm. We then describe new enhancements including retrieval of pressure altitude, which improves accuracy over widely varying topography, and joint retrieval of optical absorption for three phases of water (vapor, liquid, and ice), which improves accuracy over vegetated areas. Reflectance is validated using ground spectra acquired across a wide range of targets and elevations. Finally, we use the algorithm to map vapor, liquid, and ice phases of water over 6 months across a 14,000 km(2) region of California. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Thompson, David R.; Green, Robert O.; Lundeen, Sarah R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Roberts, Dar A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dennison, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Thompson, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 158-242, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.r.thompson@jpl.nasa.gov OI Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 FU NASA [NNX12AP08G]; U.S. Government sponsorship [NAS7-1260] FX We acknowledge the invaluable insight and counsel of HyspIRI Preparatory Campaign investigators. We thank Ian McCubbin whose expertise and work made the HyspIRI Preparatory Campaign possible. We also thank Brian Bue and the members of the AVIRIS-C flight and data processing team, including Scott Nolte, Mark Helmlinger, and Yasha Mouradi. We are grateful to Susan Meerdink and Erin Wetherley for assistance and locating calibration targets, collecting spectra and processing them. The HyspIRI Preparatory Campaign is conducted under the oversight of the NASA Earth Science Division. We are grateful for the continued support of NASA Earth and climate scientists and particularly Woody Turner and Diane Wickland. Support for this research was provided by NASA grant #NNX12AP08G. A portion of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Copyright 2014. All Rights Reserved. U.S. Government sponsorship acknowledged under NAS7-1260. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 167 SI SI BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CQ3OB UT WOS:000360510800007 ER PT J AU Frigo, NJ Hutchinson, MN Thompson, KE AF Frigo, Nicholas J. Hutchinson, Meredith N. Thompson, Katrina E. TI Polarization-Dependent Loss in Polarization Modulated Photonic Links: Model and Experiment SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microwave photonics; optical polarization ID GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION; OPTICAL-FIBERS; STATISTICS; DISPERSION; SYSTEMS; PHASE AB We investigate the effect of a discrete source of polarization-dependent loss in polarization-modulated optical links, using a Jones-and Stokes-vector description. We derive an expression for the output photocurrent in terms of the launch state and the link characteristics. We verify the theoretical description with an experimental investigation of a photonic link into which controlled polarization-dependent losses are introduced. The experimental results confirm a surprising theoretical conclusion: the distortion caused by polarization-dependent loss is equivalent to a simple system phase shift. C1 [Frigo, Nicholas J.; Thompson, Katrina E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hutchinson, Meredith N.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frigo, NJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM frigo@usna.edu; meredith.hutchinson@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0017314WR00232] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N0017314WR00232. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 18 BP 3938 EP 3944 DI 10.1109/JLT.2015.2449761 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA CQ3LV UT WOS:000360504700024 ER PT J AU Warzoha, RJ Fleischer, AS AF Warzoha, Ronald J. Fleischer, Amy S. TI Effect of carbon nanotube interfacial geometry on thermal transport in solid-liquid phase change materials SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Phase change materials; Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Phonon; Thermal conductivity; Constriction resistance; Thermal boundary conductance ID GRAPHITE NANOFIBERS; ENERGY-STORAGE; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; GRAPHENE; COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; SUSPENSIONS; NANOFLUIDS; MANAGEMENT AB For nearly two decades, research groups have attempted to increase the thermal conductivity of bulk materials by saturating them with different concentrations and types of nanoparticles. However, optimal enhancements in the thermal conductivity of these materials continue to go unrealized, primarily due to interfacial phenomena that impede phonon propagation from the bulk material to the nanoparticle or between individual, contacting nanoparticles. Though it is almost certain that interfacial resistances between contacting nanoparticles are responsible for the underwhelming thermal performance of nanoparticles in bulk materials, the physical mechanisms that limit thermal transport at nanoparticle junctions is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of nanoparticle constriction size (i.e. the contact area between linked nanoparticles) on the bulk thermal conductivity of a surrounding paraffin-based phase change material. To this end, we measure the effective thermal conductivity of different Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)/paraffin nanocomposites is measured with the transient plane source technique. Using a newly developed physical model, the interfacial thermal resistance between the contacting nanoparticles is determined as a function of the constriction geometry. Results suggest that the thermal conductance (i.e. the rate of heat transfer) between contacting MWCNTs can be increased by a factor of 27 by increasing their diameter by only 58 nm. This is in direct conflict with effective medium approximations, which predict an increase in the bulk thermal conductivity of MWCNT-PCM composites when MWCNT diameters are reduced. Such a result indicates that the contact area between individual, contacting nanoparticles has a significant impact on thermal transport within the PCM nanocomposite, and therefore its bulk thermal conductivity. It is expected that these results will strongly impact the design of nanoparticle-laden PCMs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Warzoha, Ronald J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Fleischer, Amy S.] Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Fleischer, AS (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM amy.fleischer@villanova.edu OI Warzoha, Ronald/0000-0002-5454-4551 FU National Science Foundation [CBET1235769]; Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowship; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program FX The authors appreciate the support of the National Science Foundation (CBET1235769) and the Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowship. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The research described in this paper has also been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 154 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.121 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP4TI UT WOS:000359875100026 ER PT J AU Steckloff, JK Johnson, BC Bowling, T Melosh, HJ Minton, D Lisse, CM Battams, K AF Steckloff, Jordan K. Johnson, Brandon C. Bowling, Timothy Melosh, H. Jay Minton, David Lisse, Carey M. Battams, Karl TI Dynamic sublimation pressure and the catastrophic breakup of Comet ISON SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets, dynamics; Comets, nucleus; Ices ID C/2012 S1 ISON; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; 9P/TEMPEL 1; THERMAL INERTIA; 103P/HARTLEY 2; DEEP IMPACT; NUCLEUS; ROTATION; SOLAR; PERIHELION AB Previously proposed mechanisms have difficulty explaining the disruption of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) as it approached the Sun. We describe a novel cometary disruption mechanism whereby comet nuclei fragment and disperse through dynamic sublimation pressure, which induces differential stresses within the interior of the nucleus. When these differential stresses exceed its material strength, the nucleus breaks into fragments. We model the sublimation process thermodynamically and propose that it is responsible for the disruption of Comet ISON. We estimate the bulk unconfined crushing strength of Comet ISON's nucleus and the resulting fragments to be 0.5 Pa and 1-9 Pa, respectively, assuming typical Jupiter Family Comet (JFC) albedos. However, if Comet ISON has an albedo similar to Pluto, this strength estimate drops to 0.2 Pa for the intact nucleus and 0.6-4 Pa for its fragments. Regardless of assumed albedo, these are similar to previous strength estimates of JFCs. This suggests that, if Comet ISON is representative of dynamically new comets, then low bulk strength is a primordial property of some comet nuclei, and not due to thermal processing during migration into the Jupiter Family. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Steckloff, Jordan K.; Melosh, H. Jay] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Johnson, Brandon C.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bowling, Timothy; Melosh, H. Jay; Minton, David] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Melosh, H. Jay] Purdue Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lisse, Carey M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Battams, Karl] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steckloff, JK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 525 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jstecklo@purdue.edu RI Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016 OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526 FU Purdue University FX This research project was internally funded through the startup funds of H. Jay Melosh (Purdue University). We thank Nalin Samarasinha and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 258 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.06.032 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CO3XT UT WOS:000359095300029 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Neal, A Schear, MB Keller, TM Ricks-Laskoski, HL Saab, AP AF Laskoski, Matthew Neal, Arianna Schear, Mollie B. Keller, Teddy M. Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L. Saab, Andrew P. TI Oligomeric aliphatic-aromatic ether containing phthalonitrile resins SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE resin; thermosets; thermal properties ID POLYMER; CURE; COMPOSITES AB A versatile synthetic method has been developed for oligomeric aliphatic-aromatic ether containing phthalonitrile (PN) resins and applied to the preparation of three unique resin systems. The oligomeric PN monomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with a dihalo-aliphatic containing compound in the presence of K2CO3 in dimethylsulfoxide, followed by end-capping with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in a two-step, one-pot reaction. These PN resin systems exhibited excellent viscosities for molding various shaped articles after thermal curing to yield crosslinked polymers. These polymers offered more mechanical flexibility, when compared with an all aromatic backbone, while still maintaining good thermal stability, dielectric properties, and low water absorption. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2186-2191 C1 [Laskoski, Matthew; Neal, Arianna; Schear, Mollie B.; Keller, Teddy M.; Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L.; Saab, Andrew P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU SERDP; ONR/ASEE Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP); NRL Student Volunteer program FX The authors would like to thank SERDP for financial support of this project. Additionally, we would like to thank the ONR/ASEE Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP) (A. Neal) and the NRL Student Volunteer program (M. B. Schear) for support of this work. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 18 BP 2186 EP 2191 DI 10.1002/pola.27659 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CO3IP UT WOS:000359050700014 ER PT J AU Fu, Y Michopoulos, J Song, JH AF Fu, Yao Michopoulos, John Song, Jeong-Hoon TI Dynamics response of polyethylene polymer nanocomposites to shock wave loading SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coarse-grained; molecular dynamics; nanocomposites; polymer nanocomposites; polyethylene; shock response; structure-property relation ID ACTIVE DEFORMATION; AMORPHOUS POLYMER; GLASSY POLYMER; FORCE-FIELDS; SIMULATIONS AB The shock response of polyethylene polymer modified by nanoparticles (NP) is investigated using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. The u(s)-u(p) Hugoniot analysis yields a linear relationship under the range of particle velocity investigated, in agreement with previous simulation and experimental results. NP addition improves the mechanical properties of the composites, as reflected by the increased Young's modulus and yield strength especially in the case of shorter chain length of polymer. This is directly related to the increased shock impedance with NP volume fraction, as demonstrated by the enhanced pressure in the shocked state, slightly reduced microscopic deformation, and increased shock velocity. The layered structure with alternate soft and hard regions, with NP addition only in the hard regions, leads to significantly enhanced microscopic deformation in the soft regions. It is also important that the shock impedance difference between the soft and hard region to be large enough to facilitate the energy absorption through plastic deformation in the soft regions. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1292-1302 C1 [Fu, Yao; Song, Jeong-Hoon] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Michopoulos, John] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. RP Fu, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Yao.Fu@colorado.edu; JH.Song@colorado.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016; Fu, Yao/J-7018-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838; Fu, Yao/0000-0002-1188-4310 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 18 BP 1292 EP 1302 DI 10.1002/polb.23758 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CO3OC UT WOS:000359066700004 ER PT J AU Kopera, MA Giraldo, FX AF Kopera, Michal A. Giraldo, Francis X. TI Mass conservation of the unified continuous and discontinuous element-based Galerkin methods on dynamically adaptive grids with application to atmospheric simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive mesh refinement; Continuous Galerkin method; Discontinuous Galerkin method; Non-conforming mesh; Compressible Euler equations; Atmospheric simulations ID SPECTRAL-ELEMENT; REFINEMENT; MODEL; FORMULATIONS; EQUATIONS; FLOWS AB We perform a comparison of mass conservation properties of the continuous (CG) and discontinuous (DG) Galerkin methods on non-conforming, dynamically adaptive meshes for two atmospheric test cases. The two methods are implemented in a unified way which allows for a direct comparison of the non-conforming edge treatment. We outline the implementation details of the non-conforming direct stiffness summation algorithm for the CG method and show that the mass conservation error is similar to the DG method. Both methods conserve to machine precision, regardless of the presence of the non-conforming edges. For lower order polynomials the CG method requires additional stabilization to run for very long simulation times. We addressed this issue by using filters and/or additional artificial viscosity. The mathematical proof of mass conservation for CG with non-conforming meshes is presented in Appendix B. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kopera, Michal A.; Giraldo, Francis X.] US Navy, Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kopera, MA (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM makopera@nps.edu; fxgirald@nps.edu OI Kopera, Michal/0000-0002-8192-8251 FU Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N]; National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) [121670]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research through program element PE-0602435N, the National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) through program element 121670, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics program. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 297 BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.05.010 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CM2WB UT WOS:000357541900007 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Kim, Y Bassim, N Collins, GE AF Lu, Qin Kim, Youngchan Bassim, Nabil Collins, Greg E. TI Impact of confinement on proteins concentrated in lithocholic acid based organic nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lipid nanotubes; Lithocholic acid; eGFP; Confocal microscopy; Stability ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; PEPTIDE NANOTUBES; PH; ENCAPSULATION; ASSOCIATION; SIMULATIONS; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; DELIVERY; TUBULES AB Organic nanotubes form in aqueous solution near physiological pH by self-assembly of lithocholic acid (LCA) with inner diameters of 20-40 nm. The encapsulation of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and resultant confinement effect for eGFP within these nanotubes is studied via confocal microscopy. Timed release rate studies of eGFP encapsulated in LCA nanotubes and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) indicate that the diffusive transport of eGFP out of and/or within the nanotubes is very slow, in contrast to the rapid introduction of eGFP into the nanotubes. By encapsulating two fluorescent proteins in LCA nanotubes, eGFP and mCherry, as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair, the FRET efficiencies are determined using FRET imaging microscopy at three different protein concentrations with a fixed donor-to-acceptor ratio of 1:1. Forster theory reveals that the proteins are spatially separated by 4.8-7.2 nm in distance inside these nanotubes. The biomimetic nanochannels of LCA nanotubes not only afford a confining effect on eGFP that results in enhanced chemical and thermal stability under conditions of high denaturant concentration and temperature, but also function as protein concentrators for enriching protein in the nanochannels from a diluted protein solution by up to two orders of magnitude. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lu, Qin; Collins, Greg E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Youngchan] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bassim, Nabil] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qin.lu@nrl.navy.mil; youngchan.kim@nrl.navy.mil; nabil.bassim@nrl.navy.mil; greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for funding this research. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2015 VL 454 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.05.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CL5JR UT WOS:000356996700013 PM 26004574 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Rath, BB Gorzkowski, EP Feng, J Qadri, SN Caldwell, JD AF Qadri, S. B. Rath, B. B. Gorzkowski, E. P. Feng, J. Qadri, S. N. Caldwell, J. D. TI Nanotubes, nanobelts, nanowires, and nanorods of silicon carbide from the wheat husks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RICE HUSK; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; SIC POLYTYPES; PIN DIODES; WHISKERS; HULLS; NANOSCALE; PYROLYSIS; BIOMASS; FAULTS AB Nanotubes, nanowires, nanobelts, and nanorods of SiC were synthesized from the thermal treatment of wheat husks at temperatures in excess of 1450 degrees C. From the analysis based on x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, it has been found that the processed samples of wheat husk consisted of 2H and 3C polytypes of SiC exhibiting the nanostructure shapes. These nanostructures of silicon carbide formed from wheat husks are of technological importance for designing advance composites, applications in biotechnology, and electro-optics. The thermodynamics of the formation of SiC is discussed in terms of the rapid solid state reaction between hydrocarbons and silica on the molecular scale, which is inherently present in the wheat husks. C1 [Qadri, S. B.; Rath, B. B.; Gorzkowski, E. P.; Feng, J.; Qadri, S. N.; Caldwell, J. D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 14 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 10 AR 104904 DI 10.1063/1.4930159 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CR8XE UT WOS:000361636900039 ER PT J AU Crider, BP Peters, EE Allmond, JM McEllistrem, MT Prados-Estevez, FM Ross, TJ Vanhoy, JR Yates, SW AF Crider, B. P. Peters, E. E. Allmond, J. M. McEllistrem, M. T. Prados-Estevez, F. M. Ross, T. J. Vanhoy, J. R. Yates, S. W. TI Inelastic neutron scattering cross sections for Ge-76 relevant to background in neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER-SHIFT ATTENUATION AB The experimental signature in searches for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Ge-76 is a peak near 2039 keV in the spectrum. Given the low probability of the process, it is important that the background in this region be well understood. Inelastic scattering reactions with neutrons from muon-induced interactions and (alpha, n) reactions in the surrounding materials or in the detector can provide contributions to the background. We have measured the production cross sections for gamma rays from the Ge-76(n, n'gamma) reaction in the 2039-keV region at incident neutron energies up to 4.9 MeV. In addition to determining that the cross sections of a previously known 2040.7-keV gamma ray from the 3952-keV level in Ge-76 are rather small, we find that a larger contribution arises from a 2037.5-keV gamma ray which is attributed to a newly identified level at 3147 keV in Ge-76. A third contribution is also possible from another new level at 3577 keV. These results indicate that the 2039-keV region in Ge-76 neutrinoless double-beta decay searches is more complex than was previously thought. C1 [Crider, B. P.; McEllistrem, M. T.; Prados-Estevez, F. M.; Ross, T. J.; Yates, S. W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Peters, E. E.; Prados-Estevez, F. M.; Ross, T. J.; Yates, S. W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Allmond, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vanhoy, J. R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crider, BP (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1305801] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of H.E. Baber in maintaining the University of Kentucky Accelerator. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1305801. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 11 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 3 AR 034310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034310 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA CR0UC UT WOS:000361037700002 ER PT J AU Camilo, F Kerr, M Ray, PS Ransom, SM Sarkissian, J Cromartie, HT Johnston, S Reynolds, JE Wolff, MT Freire, PCC Bhattacharyya, B Ferrara, EC Keith, M Michelson, PF Parkinson, PMS Wood, KS AF Camilo, F. Kerr, M. Ray, P. S. Ransom, S. M. Sarkissian, J. Cromartie, H. T. Johnston, S. Reynolds, J. E. Wolff, M. T. Freire, P. C. C. Bhattacharyya, B. Ferrara, E. C. Keith, M. Michelson, P. F. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Wood, K. S. TI PARKES RADIO SEARCHES OF FERMI GAMMA-RAY SOURCES AND MILLISECOND PULSAR DISCOVERIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays: stars; pulsars: individual (PSR J0955-6150, PSR J1012-4235, PSR J1036-8317, PSR J1903-7051, PSR J1946-5403) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; X-RAY; SOURCE CATALOG; SPACE VELOCITIES; PSR J1227-4853; BINARY PULSARS; NEUTRON-STAR; LAT; POLARIZATION; PULSATIONS AB In a search with the Parkes radio telescope of 56 unidentified Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray sources, we have detected 11 millisecond pulsars (MSPs), 10 of them discoveries, of which five were reported by Kerr et al. We did not detect radio pulsations from six other pulsars now known in these sources. We describe the completed survey, which included multiple observations of many targets conducted to minimize the impact of interstellar scintillation, acceleration effects in binary systems, and eclipses. We consider that 23 of the 39 remaining sources may still be viable pulsar candidates. We present timing solutions and polarimetry for five of the MSPs and gamma-ray pulsations for PSR J1903-7051 (pulsations for five others were reported in the second Fermi-LAT catalog of gamma-ray pulsars). Two of the new MSPs are isolated and five are in > 1 day circular orbits with 0.2-0.3 M. presumed white dwarf companions. PSR J0955-6150, in a 24 day orbit with a approximate to 0.25 M-circle dot companion but eccentricity of 0.11, belongs to a recently identified class of eccentric MSPs. PSR J1036-8317 is in an 8 hr binary with a > 0.14 M-circle dot companion that is probably a white dwarf. PSR J1946-5403 is in a 3 hr orbit with a > 0.02 M-circle dot companion with no evidence of radio eclipses. C1 [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kerr, M.; Johnston, S.; Reynolds, J. E.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kerr, M.; Wolff, M. T.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Sarkissian, J.] CSIRO Parkes Observ, Parkes, NSW 2870, Australia. [Cromartie, H. T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Freire, P. C. C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Bhattacharyya, B.; Keith, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ferrara, E. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Camilo, F (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Kerr, Matthew/0000-0002-0893-4073 FU Commonwealth of Australia; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden FX We are grateful to the wonderful staff at the Parkes telescope for their role in making it such a flue research instrument. We thank in particular the friends of the analog filterbank system, used to discover more than 1000 pulsars, who staved off its demise long enough to allow the completion of this work. We thank Willem van Straten and Paul Demorest for their help with PSRCHIVE. The Parkes Observatory is part of the Australia Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO.; The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2015 VL 810 IS 2 AR 85 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/85 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS4ZA UT WOS:000362083700001 ER PT J AU Verron, J Sengenes, P Lambin, J Noubel, J Steunou, N Guillot, A Picot, N Coutin-Faye, S Sharma, R Gairola, RM Murthy, DVAR Richman, JG Griffin, D Pascual, A Remy, F Gupta, PK AF Verron, Jacques Sengenes, Pierre Lambin, Juliette Noubel, Jocelyne Steunou, Nathalie Guillot, Amandine Picot, Nicolas Coutin-Faye, Sophie Sharma, Rashmi Gairola, R. M. Murthy, D. V. A. Raghava Richman, James G. Griffin, David Pascual, Ananda Remy, Frederique Gupta, P. K. TI The SARAL/AltiKa Altimetry Satellite Mission SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Ocean; satellite; altimetry; mission overview AB The India-France SARAL/AltiKa mission is the first Ka-band altimetric mission dedi-cated to oceanography. The mission objectives are primarily the observation of the oceanic mesoscales but also include coastal oceanography, global and regional sea level monitoring, data assimilation, and operational oceanography. Secondary objectives include ice sheet and inland waters monitoring. One year after launch, the results widely confirm the nominal expectations in terms of accuracy, data quality and data availability in general.Today's performances are compliant with specifications with an overall observed performance for the Sea Surface Height RMS of 3.4cm to be compared to a 4cm requirement. Some scientific examples are provided that illustrate some salient features of today's SARAL/AltiKa data with regard to standard altimetry: data availability, data accuracy at the mesoscales, data usefulness in costal area, over ice sheet, and for inland waters. C1 [Verron, Jacques] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Sengenes, Pierre; Lambin, Juliette; Noubel, Jocelyne; Steunou, Nathalie; Guillot, Amandine; Picot, Nicolas; Coutin-Faye, Sophie] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Sharma, Rashmi] Indian Space Res Org, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. [Gairola, R. M.; Murthy, D. V. A. Raghava; Gupta, P. K.] Indian Space Res Org, Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. [Richman, James G.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Griffin, David] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Pascual, Ananda] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Remy, Frederique] CNRS, Toulouse, France. RP Verron, J (reprint author), Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM jacques.verron@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr OI Pascual, Ananda/0000-0001-9476-9272 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PD SEP 10 PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 21 DI 10.1080/01490419.2014.1000471 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA CS5MY UT WOS:000362123500002 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Shinn, MA Wu, DH AF Garzarella, A. Shinn, M. A. Wu, Dong Ho TI Responsivity optimization in magneto-optic sensors based on ferromagnetic materials SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GARNET-FILMS; IRON GARNETS; FIELD; MAGNETIZATION AB In an effort to optimize magnetic field detection sensitivities, the Faraday responsivity vector, which determines the relationship between the Faraday rotation angle and an externally applied magnetic field, was investigated in magneto-optic sensors based on bismuth-doped iron-garnet films. Under externally applied fields, Faraday rotation is produced principally by domain rotation and domain wall motion, whose relative contributions depend on the domain geometry and the direction of laser propagation. When optically probed along a principal magnetization axis, Faraday rotation is driven by a single magnetization mechanism, and the responsivity is linearized (reduced to an effective Verdet constant). When the films are probed along an oblique angle to the principal axes, the relationship between the Faraday rotation and the external field becomes tensorial and much more complex. Although this may lead to more complicated phenomena, the interplay of domain rotation and domain wall bowing can be exploited to improve responsivity or bandwidth. A generalized model for the magnitude and direction of the responsivity vector is formulated, which gives predictions that are consistent with the experimental data. Applications to arrayed sensors and three-axis field measurements are discussed. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Garzarella, A.; Shinn, M. A.; Wu, Dong Ho] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tony.garzarella@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 26 BP 7904 EP 7911 DI 10.1364/AO.54.007904 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CR2GB UT WOS:000361143300013 PM 26368962 ER PT J AU Finkel, P Staruch, M Amin, A Ahart, M Lofland, SE AF Finkel, P. Staruch, M. Amin, A. Ahart, M. Lofland, S. E. TI Simultaneous Stress and Field Control of Sustainable Switching of Ferroelectric Phases SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PT SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; PZN-PT; THERMODYNAMICS; PIEZOELECTRICS; TRANSITIONS; TITANATE; STRAIN AB In ferroelectrics, manifestation of a strong electromechanical coupling is attributed to both engineered domain morphology and phase transformations. However, realization of large sustainable and reversible strains and polarization rotation has been limited by fatigue, nonlinearity and hysteresis losses. Here, we demonstrate that large strain and polarization rotation can be generated for over 40 x 10(6) cycles with little fatigue by realization of a reversible ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition in [011] cut Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O-3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) relaxor ferroelectric single crystal. Direct tuning of this effect through combination of stress and applied electric field, confirmed both macroscopically and microscopically with x-ray and Raman scattering, reveals the local symmetry while sweeping through the transition with a low applied electric field (<0.2 MV/m) under mechanical stress. The observed change in local symmetry as determined by x-ray scattering confirms a proposed polarization rotation mechanism corresponding to a transition between rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. These results shed more light onto the nature of this reversible transformation between two ferroelectric phases and advance towards the development of a wide range of ferroic and multiferroic devices. C1 [Finkel, P.; Staruch, M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Amin, A.] NUWC, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Ahart, M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Lofland, S. E.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. RP Finkel, P (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.finkel@nrl.navy.mil OI Lofland, Samuel/0000-0002-1024-5103 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council under the Research Associateship Program FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. Author M.S.'s work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported in part by the National Research Council under the Research Associateship Program. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 8 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 13770 DI 10.1038/srep13770 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ7QF UT WOS:000360798000005 PM 26345729 ER PT J AU Harding, LW Adolf, JE Mallonee, ME Miller, WD Gallegos, CL Perry, ES Johnson, JM Sellner, KG Paerl, HW AF Harding, L. W., Jr. Adolf, J. E. Mallonee, M. E. Miller, W. D. Gallegos, C. L. Perry, E. S. Johnson, J. M. Sellner, K. G. Paerl, H. W. TI Climate effects on phytoplankton floral composition in Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; taxonomic composition; HPLC; algal photopigments; cell counts; climate change; hydrologic forcing ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LONG-TERM TRENDS; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Long-term data on floral composition of phytoplankton are presented to document seasonal and inter-annual variability in Chesapeake Bay related to climate effects on hydrology. Source data consist of the abundances of major taxonomic groups of phytoplankton derived from algal photopigments (1995-2004) and cell counts (1985-2007). Algal photopigments were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed using the software CHEMTAX to determine the proportions of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) in major taxonomic groups. Cell counts determined microscopically provided species identifications, enumeration, and dimensions used to obtain proportions of cell volume (CV), plasma volume (PV), and carbon (C) in the same taxonomic groups. We drew upon these two independent data sets to take advantage of the unique strengths of each method, using comparable quantitative measures to express floral composition for the main stem bay. Spatial and temporal variability of floral composition was quantified using data aggregated by season, year, and salinity zone. Both time-series were sufficiently long to encompass the drought flood cycle with commensurate effects on inputs of freshwater and solutes. Diatoms emerged as the predominant taxonomic group, with significant contributions by dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, and cyanobacteria, depending on salinity zone and season. Our analyses revealed increased abundance of diatoms in wet years compared to long-term average (LTA) or dry years. Results are presented in the context of long-term nutrient over-enrichment of the bay, punctuated by inter-annual variability of freshwater flow that strongly affects nutrient loading, chl-a, and floral composition. Statistical analyses generated flow-adjusted diatom abundance and showed significant trends late in the time series, suggesting current and future decreases of nutrient inputs may lead to a reduction of the proportion of biomass comprised by diatoms in an increasingly diverse flora. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harding, L. W., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Adolf, J. E.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Mallonee, M. E.] US EPA, Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Miller, W. D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gallegos, C. L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Sellner, K. G.] Chesapeake Res Consortium Inc, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Paerl, H. W.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Harding, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM lharding@atmos.ucla.edu OI Harding, Jr., Lawrence W./0000-0002-4824-5205; Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166; Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 FU NSF Small Grants for Environmental Research (SGER); NSF Biological Oceanography Program; NSF Land Margin Ecosystem Research Program; NASA SeaWiFS; SIMBIOS Program; NASA/EPA STAR Program; NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office; MD Departments of Health and Mental Hygiene and Natural Resources; EPA STAR Program; North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources; ModMon; FerryMon Project FX We acknowledge support from several sources, including the EPA CBP monitoring program that provided water-quality and cell-counts data, and NSF LMER, NSF Biocomplexity, NSF Microbial Observatory, NSF Small Grants for Environmental Research (SGER), and EPA/NASA-STAR Atlantic Coast Environmental Indicators Consortium (ACE-INC) projects that enabled the collection of samples for algal photopigments. LWH, JEA, MEM and WDM were supported by NSF Biological Oceanography Program, NSF Land Margin Ecosystem Research Program, NASA SeaWiFS and SIMBIOS Programs, NASA/EPA STAR Program, and NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office. KGS was supported by the MD Departments of Health and Mental Hygiene and Natural Resources. HWP was supported by EPA STAR Program, NSF Biological Oceanography Program, and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, ModMon and FerryMon Projects. NR 108 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2015 VL 162 SI SI BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.12.030 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CQ7HX UT WOS:000360774700007 ER PT J AU Zhai, YF Baturina, O Rarnaker, D Farquhar, E St-Pierre, J Swider-Lyons, K AF Zhai, Yunfeng Baturina, Olga Rarnaker, David Farquhar, Erik St-Pierre, Jean Swider-Lyons, Karen TI Chlorobenzene Poisoning and Recovery of Platinum-Based Cathodes in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU XANES; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PEMFC PERFORMANCE; ADSORPTION; DEGRADATION; ELECTRODES; ELECTROCATALYSTS AB The platinum electrocatalysts found in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are poisoned both reversibly and irreversibly by air pollutants and residual manufacturing contaminants. In this work, the poisoning of a Pt/C PEMFC cathode was probed by a trace of chlorobenzene in the air feed. Chlorobenzene inhibits the oxygen reduction reaction and causes significant cell performance loss. The performance loss is largely restored by neat air operation and potential cycling between 0.08 and 1.2 V under H-2/N-2 (anode/cathode). The analysis of emissions, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectra show the chlorobenzene adsorption/reaction and molecular orientation on Pt surface depend on the electrode potential. At low potentials, chlorobenzene deposits either on top of adsorbed H atoms or on the Pt surface via the benzene ring and is converted to benzene (ca. 0.1 V) or cyclohexane (ca. 0 V) upon Cl removal. At potentials higher than 0.2 V, chlorobenzene binds to Pt via the Cl atom and can be converted to benzene (less than 0.3 V) or desorbed. Cl- is created and remains in the membrane electrode assembly. Cl- binds to the Pt surface much stronger than chlorobenzene but can slowly be flushed out by liquid water. C1 [Zhai, Yunfeng; St-Pierre, Jean] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Baturina, Olga; Rarnaker, David; Swider-Lyons, Karen] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Farquhar, Erik] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhai, YF (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM yunfeng@hawaii.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-EE0000467]; Office of Naval Research; Center for Synchrotron Biosciences [P30-EB-009998] FX The authors are grateful to the United States Department of Energy (Award DE-EE0000467) and the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this project. The authors are grateful to the Hawaiian Electric Company for ongoing support of the operations of the Hawaii Fuel Cell Test Facility. Operations of the NSLS beamline X3A were supported by the Center for Synchrotron Biosciences Grant P30-EB-009998 and by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. The authors also thank John Toomey for assistance with the XAS measurements. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 3 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 35 BP 20328 EP 20338 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06362 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ9PT UT WOS:000360947800012 PM 26388963 ER PT J AU Placencia, D Boercker, JE Foos, EE Tischler, JG AF Placencia, Diogenes Boercker, Janice E. Foos, Edward E. Tischler, Joseph G. TI Synthesis and Optical Properties of PbSe Nanorods with Controlled Diameter and Length SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; DOT SOLAR-CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; COLLOIDAL PBSE; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; AUGER RECOMBINATION; POST-SYNTHESIS; AIR EXPOSURE; SIZE CONTROL; ASPECT RATIO AB The synthesis of PbSe nanorods with low branching (<1%), high aspect ratios (up to similar to 16), and controlled lengths and diameters was demonstrated via the removal of water and oleic acid from the synthesis precursors. It was determined that the proper combination of reaction time and temperature allows for the control of PbSe nanorod length and diameter and therefore control over their electronic states, as probed through absorbance and photoluminescence measurements. Similar to PbSe nanowires, nanorods display higher Stokes shifts than for spherical nanocrystals due to intrananorod diameter fluctuations. C1 [Placencia, Diogenes; Boercker, Janice E.; Tischler, Joseph G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Foos, Edward E.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Explos Ordinance Disposal Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Placencia, D (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dio.placencia.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We gratefully acknowledge W. B. Heuer from the U.S. Naval Academy for helpful discussions. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. D.P. acknowledges the National Research Council (NRC) Post-doctoral Research Associateship program. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 17 BP 3360 EP 3364 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01511 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ9RS UT WOS:000360953300005 PM 26267558 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, Igor I. TI SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Extraordinarily conventional SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CU-O SYSTEM; LIQUID-HELIUM AB Attitudes to high-temperature superconductivity have swung from disbelief to a conviction that it occurs only 'unconventionally'. But conventional superconductivity is now reported at record high temperatures. See Letter P.73 C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mazin@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 62 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 3 PY 2015 VL 525 IS 7567 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ4SE UT WOS:000360594100019 PM 26280332 ER PT J AU Rohlfs, C Sullivan, R Treistman, J Deng, Y AF Rohlfs, Chris Sullivan, Ryan Treistman, Jeffrey Deng, Ying TI Using Combat Losses of Medical Personnel to Estimate the Impact of Trauma Care in Battle: Evidence from World War II, Korea, Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE I18; H43; I12; Trauma care; Fatalities; Military; Medical personnel; Military success; Medic ID MILITARY TRAUMA; CASUALTY CARE; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB This study investigates the effect that US medical personnel deaths in combat have on other unit deaths and 'military success,' which we measure using commendation medals as a proxy. We use a difference-in-differences identification strategy, measuring the changes over time in these outcomes following the combat loss of a medic or doctor and comparing it to the changes following the combat loss of a soldier who is not a medic or doctor. We find that overall unit deaths decrease in the five or ten days following the deaths of medical personnel in Vietnam, Korea, and the Pacific theater in World War II (WWII). In contrast, the WWII European and North African results indicate that overall unit deaths rise following medical personnel deaths. We find no relationship between medical personnel deaths and other unit deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan. For Korea and the Pacific theater of WWII, our estimates suggest unit commendation medals decrease following the deaths of medical personnel. This pattern of evidence is consistent with a model in which units often halted aggressive tactical maneuvers and reduced pursuit of their military objectives until deceased medical personnel were replaced. The results for the other conflicts are mixed and show little connection between medical personnel deaths and commendation medals. C1 [Rohlfs, Chris] Morgan Stanley, New York, NY USA. [Sullivan, Ryan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Treistman, Jeffrey] Syracuse Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Deng, Ying] Univ Int Business & Econ, Dept Quantitat Econ, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sullivan, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 287 Halligan Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rssulliv@nps.edu OI Rohlfs, Chris/0000-0001-7714-9231 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 EI 1476-8267 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PD SEP 3 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5 BP 465 EP 490 DI 10.1080/10242694.2015.1005897 PG 26 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CM9CK UT WOS:000358003600001 ER PT J AU Arkes, J Cunha, JM AF Arkes, Jeremy Cunha, Jesse M. TI Workplace goals and output quality: evidence from time-constrained recruiting goals in the US navy SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE H56; J30; J50; Quality; Military; Goals; Incentives; Recruiting AB This paper examines how workplace goals affect the quality of worker output, using data from the recruiting command of the US Navy. Recruiting stations and recruiters are assigned monthly goals for the quantity of new recruits that may create an unintended incentive to sacrifice quality, especially towards the end of the month. Using data on the universe of Navy recruits from FY1998 to 2010, we find significant reductions in the quality of recruits towards the end of the contracting month, both in terms of pre-existing quality of recruits and in medium-term outcomes that reflect the quality of the job match. C1 [Arkes, Jeremy; Cunha, Jesse M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cunha, JM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jcunha@nps.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 EI 1476-8267 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PD SEP 3 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5 BP 491 EP 515 DI 10.1080/10242694.2014.891352 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CM9CK UT WOS:000358003600002 ER PT J AU Blanken, LJ Lepore, JJ AF Blanken, Leo J. Lepore, Jason J. TI Performance measurement in military operations: information versus incentives SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Principal-agent; Military strategy; Measures of effectiveness; Wartime assessment; Measures of performance ID DELEGATED EXPERTISE; VIETNAM-WAR; PRINCIPAL; AGENCY AB We explore the impact of strategic assessment efforts on military organizations at war. To do so, we construct a model to explore the impact of a principal's choice among imperfect performance metrics for a military operation. In doing so, the principal must consider both the incentivizing and informational properties of the metric. We show the conditions under which uncertainty regarding the nature of the agent, as well as uncertainty regarding the operational environment, drives a metric choice that induces pathological behavior from the agent. More specifically, a poor metric choice can create an overly optimistic assessment and end up prolonging the conflict. We illustrate the model's insights in the cases of World War II and the Vietnam War. C1 [Blanken, Leo J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lepore, Jason J.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Orfalea Coll Business, Dept Econ, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Blanken, LJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ljblanke@nps.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 EI 1476-8267 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PD SEP 3 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5 BP 516 EP 535 DI 10.1080/10242694.2014.949548 PG 20 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CM9CK UT WOS:000358003600003 ER PT J AU Liakos, A Malamataris, NA AF Liakos, Anastasios Malamataris, Nikolaos A. TI Topological study of steady state, three dimensional flow over a backward facing step SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Tornado like vortex; Three dimensional theory of separation ID EXPANSION; RATIO; WALL AB The topology and evolution of flow over a backward facing step in three dimensional channel flow is examined from creeping flow conditions up to Re = 950 with aspect ratio 1:40 and expansion ratio 1:2. Direct numerical simulations were performed via the parallel finite element code "FEM-3D". Analysis of the results is performed using the three dimensional theory of separation. Results reveal the existence of a primary spanwise vortex that emanates from the lateral wall and is present for all Reynolds numbers immediately downstream from the step. Frictional (shear) stresses along the lateral wall create multiple tornado like vortices. Another spanwise vortex along the top wall appears at Re = 400. As the Reynolds number increases, the top vortex increases both in spanwise and streamwise length and stunts the growth of the primary vortex. The downstream motion of the top vortex releases frictional stress thus destroying some critical points upstream while creating new ones downstream. Finally, at Re = 900 and 950, the primary and top vortices are twisting severely. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liakos, Anastasios] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Malamataris, Nikolaos A.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Liakos, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM liakos@usna.edu; nmalamat@gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research Global Visiting Scientist Program (ONRG-VSP) [N62909-14-1-V068]; Office of Research of the U.S. Naval Academy FX Author NAM acknowledges the financial support from the Office of Naval Research Global Visiting Scientist Program (ONRG-VSP, Grant No. N62909-14-1-V068). He thanks Dr. Jayshree Sarma for her technical advice with the Argo computing cluster of the Office of Research Computing at George Mason University (URL: http://orc.gmu.edu), where some of the numerical experiments of this work have been run.; Additionally, author AL would like to thank the Office of Research of the U.S. Naval Academy for their financial support. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD SEP 2 PY 2015 VL 118 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.05.019 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA CP5ZM UT WOS:000359964100001 ER PT J AU Jha, DK Wettergren, TA Ray, A Mukherjee, K AF Jha, Devesh K. Wettergren, Thomas A. Ray, Asok Mukherjee, Kushal TI Topology optimisation for energy management in underwater sensor networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Pareto optimisation; energy management; adaptation; underwater sensor network ID LIFETIME AB In general, battery-powered sensors in a sensor network are operable as long as they can communicate sensed data to a processing node. In this context, a sensor network has two competing objectives: (1) maximisation of the network performance with respect to the probability of successful search for a specified upper bound on the probability of false alarms, and (2) maximisation of the network's operable life. As both sensing and communication of data consume battery energy at the sensing nodes of the sensor network, judicious use of sensing power and communication power is needed to improve the lifetime of the sensor network. This paper presents an adaptive energy management policy that will optimally allocate the available energy between sensing and communication at each sensing node to maximise the network performance subject to specified constraints. Under the assumptions of fixed total energy allocation for a sensor network operating for a specified time period, the problem is reduced to synthesis of an optimal network topology that maximises the probability of successful search (of a target) over a surveillance region. In a two-stage optimisation, a genetic algorithm-based meta-heuristic search is first used to efficiently explore the global design space, and then a local pattern search algorithm is used for convergence to an optimal solution. The results of performance optimisation are generated on a simulation test bed to validate the proposed concept. Adaptation to energy variations across the network is shown to be manifested as a change in the optimal network topology by using sensing and communication models for underwater environment. The approximate Pareto-optimal surface is obtained as a trade-off between network lifetime and probability of successful search over the surveillance region. C1 [Jha, Devesh K.; Wettergren, Thomas A.; Ray, Asok] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Mukherjee, Kushal] United Technol Res Ctr, Cork, Ireland. RP Ray, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM axr2@psu.edu OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0545]; US Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-14-2-0068] FX This work has been supported in part by the US Office of Naval Research [grant number N00014-14-1-0545]; the US Army Research Laboratory [grant number W911NF-14-2-0068]. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 EI 1366-5820 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD SEP 2 PY 2015 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1775 EP 1788 DI 10.1080/00207179.2015.1017006 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA CN1ES UT WOS:000358160800010 ER PT J AU Rubel, RC AF Rubel, Robert C. TI CONNECTING THE DOTS Capital Ships, the Littoral, Command of the Sea, and the World Order SO NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Rubel, Robert C.] Naval War Coll, Naval Warfare Studies, Newport, RI USA. [Rubel, Robert C.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Rubel, Robert C.] US Southern Command, Doral, FL USA. [Rubel, Robert C.] US Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Rubel, Robert C.] US Naval War Coll, War Gaming Dept, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Newport, RI USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US NAVAL WAR COLL PI NEWPORT PA 686 CUSHING RD, NEWPORT, RI 02841 USA SN 0028-1484 J9 NAV WAR COLL REV JI Nav. War Coll. Rev. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 68 IS 4 BP 46 EP 62 PG 17 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DP3ZW UT WOS:000378436100004 ER PT J AU Scobell, A McMahon, M Cooper, CA AF Scobell, Andrew McMahon, Michael Cooper, Cortez A., III TI CHINA'S AIRCRAFT CARRIER PROGRAM Drivers, Developments, Implications SO NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NAVAL NATIONALISM C1 [Scobell, Andrew; Cooper, Cortez A., III] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Scobell, Andrew] Georgetown Univ, Edmund A Walsh Sch Foreign Serv, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [McMahon, Michael] RANDs Natl Def Res Inst, Acquisit Technol & Policy Ctr, Santa Monica, CA USA. [McMahon, Michael] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [McMahon, Michael] US Navy, Aircraft Carriers, Washington, DC USA. [McMahon, Michael] Shipbldg Navy, Newport, RI USA. [Cooper, Cortez A., III] Hicks & Associates Inc, Florence, AL USA. [Cooper, Cortez A., III] US Navy Execut Serv, US Pacific Command, Joint Intelligence Ctr Pacific, Washington, DC USA. [Cooper, Cortez A., III] US Army, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Scobell, A (reprint author), RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US NAVAL WAR COLL PI NEWPORT PA 686 CUSHING RD, NEWPORT, RI 02841 USA SN 0028-1484 J9 NAV WAR COLL REV JI Nav. War Coll. Rev. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 68 IS 4 BP 65 EP + PG 16 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DP3ZW UT WOS:000378436100005 ER PT J AU Slama, R Barry, M McManus, K Latham, D Berniard, M AF Slama, Richard Barry, Mike McManus, Ken Latham, Doug Berniard, Matthew TI Uterine Incarceration: Rare Cause of Urinary Retention in Healthy Pregnant Patients SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GRAVID UTERUS AB Gravid uterine incarceration (GUI) is a condition that is well discussed in literature; however, there are few acute diagnoses in the emergency department (ED). We present a case series where three multiparous females presented to the ED with non-specific urinary symptoms. On bedside ultrasound, each patient was noted to have a retroverted uterus and inferior bladder entrapment under the sacral promontory. GUI is a rare condition that can lead to uremia, sepsis, peritonitis, and ultimately maternal death. Emergency physicians should include GUI in their differential diagnosis in this patient population and use bedside ultrasound as an adjunct to diagnosis. C1 [Slama, Richard; Barry, Mike; McManus, Ken; Latham, Doug; Berniard, Matthew] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Slama, R (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM rslama1@gmail.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WESTJEM PI ORANGE PA C/O SHAHRAM LOTFIPOUR, MD, MPH, 333 CITY BLVD W STE 640, RT 128-01, ORANGE, CA 92868 USA SN 1936-900X EI 1936-9018 J9 WEST J EMERG MED JI West. J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 790 EP 792 DI 10.5811/westjem.2015.7.27185 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA DH9LP UT WOS:000373117900036 PM 26587114 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DL AF Wheeler, Deborah L. TI Food Security, Obesity, and the Politics of Resource Strain in Kuwait SO WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE food security; public health; ethnography; national security AB This study considers Kuwait's food security strategies in light of the country's environmental challenges. It examines the case of a country that relies on food imports, which are increasingly subject to supply and price shocks, and has one of the world's highest obesity rates, highest water use rates per capita, and one of the largest per capita waste footprints globally. The explanations for this curious situation include cultural, political, economic, and environmental variables supported by data collected between 2009 and 2014 using ethnographic research methods and participant observation in Kuwait. This article contributes to an emerging body of scholarship on new security challenges in the Arabian Gulf, and is one of the first to consider the national security implications of public health and resource strain in Kuwait, using ethnographic research methods. C1 [Wheeler, Deborah L.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wheeler, DL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dwheeler@usna.edu NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1948-4682 J9 World Med Health Pol JI World Med. Health Policy PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 SI SI BP 255 EP 277 DI 10.1002/wmh3.153 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DH8TR UT WOS:000373070200006 ER PT J AU Singham, DI Cai, WB White, JA AF Singham, Dashi I. Cai, Wenbo White, Joshua A. TI Optimal carbon capture and storage contracts using historical CO2 emissions levels SO ENERGY SYSTEMS-OPTIMIZATION MODELING SIMULATION AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS LA English DT Article ID COST AB In an effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has been developed to collect CO2 from emissions generators and store it underground. Recent proposed legislation would limit the volume of emissions generated from power sources, effectively requiring some sources to participate in CCS. Both emissions sources and storage operators require incentives to enter into contracts to capture excess emissions at the source, and transport and store the CO2 underground. As the level of emissions from power plants is stochastic and carryover into future time periods is expensive, we develop a newsvendor model to determine the optimal price and volume of these contracts to maximize the expected profit of the storage operator and encourage the participation of multiple emissions sources. Because the storage operator has a limit on the amount of CO2 that can be injected each month, this limit affects the allocation of the optimal contract amounts between the emitters. The distribution of emissions and relative costs of transportation also influence the optimal policy. In addition to analytical solutions, we present data-driven methods for using correlated emissions data to determine the optimal price and volume of these contracts. C1 [Singham, Dashi I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Cai, Wenbo] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [White, Joshua A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Singham, DI (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM dsingham@nps.edu; cai@njit.edu; jawhite@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1868-3967 EI 1868-3975 J9 Energy Syst JI Energy Syst. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 6 IS 3 BP 331 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s12667-015-0142-z PG 30 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA DG1XL UT WOS:000371860700002 ER PT J AU Healy, LM Henshaw, CG AF Healy, Liam M. Henshaw, C. Glen TI Trajectory Guidance Using Periodic Relative Orbital Motion SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Relative motion of one satellite about another in circular orbit, where the two objects have the same semimajor axis, is periodic in the linearized approximation. A set of orbital elements, the geometric relative orbital elements, which are an exact geometric analogy to the classical orbital elements, can be defined. The relative orbit is manifestly seen to be an ellipse or circle in apocentral coordinates, analogous to perifocal coordinates in inertial motion and different from the local-vertical local-horizontal Cartesian coordinates customarily used for analysis of relative motion problems. These provide a way to do relative motion trajectory design and guidance that stands in contrast to the use of Cartesian coordinates. Algorithms are presented for computing the delta-v and timing for impulsive maneuvers to change a single element: two that change the plane and one that changes the size of the relative orbit. The change in size is a two-maneuver transfer and uses the solution of the three-point periodic boundary value problem, also solved and presented here. This solution permits the direct computation, with no iteration or searching, of the periodic relative orbit that connects two points. Optimization to minimize fuel use can be done with a one-dimensional search. C1 [Healy, Liam M.; Henshaw, C. Glen] Naval Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, LM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1714 EP 1724 DI 10.2514/1.G000945 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CS1LV UT WOS:000361827900015 ER PT J AU Gentry, SE Segev, DL Kasiske, BL Mulligan, DC Hirose, R AF Gentry, Sommer E. Segev, Dorry L. Kasiske, Bertram L. Mulligan, David C. Hirose, Ryutaro TI Robust Models Support Redistricting Liver Allocation to Reduce Geographic Disparity SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Letter ID TRANSPLANTATION C1 [Gentry, Sommer E.; Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, 572-C Holloway Rd,Mailstop 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kasiske, Bertram L.] Minneapolis Med Res Fdn Inc, Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Kasiske, Bertram L.] Univ Minnesota, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Mulligan, David C.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Hirose, Ryutaro] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Gentry, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, 572-C Holloway Rd,Mailstop 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gentry@usna.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [RC1 DK086450, 1RC1DK086450-01]; PHS HHS [HHSH250201000018C] NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0041-1337 EI 1534-6080 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD SEP PY 2015 VL 99 IS 9 BP E159 EP E160 DI 10.1097/TP.0000000000000834 PG 2 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA DC2YV UT WOS:000369086000009 PM 26308421 ER PT J AU Morozov, AK Colosi, JA AF Morozov, Andrey K. Colosi, John A. TI Entropy rate defined by internal wave scattering in long-range propagation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-MODE AMPLITUDES; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; SOUND-PROPAGATION; RANDOM OCEAN; STATISTICS; RAYS; COMMUNICATION; COHERENCE; STABILITY; CHAOS AB The reduction of information capacity of the ocean sound channel due to scattering by internal waves is a potential problem for acoustic communication, navigation, and remote sensing over long ranges. In spite of recent progress in research on acoustic signal scattering by random internal waves and the fact that random internal waves are ubiquitous in the world oceans, there is no clear understanding of how these waves influence data communication performance. The entropy decrease resulting from scattering by internal waves is an important measure of information loss. Here a rigorous calculation of the entropy is carried out using second moment transport theory equations with random sound-speed perturbations obeying the Garrett-Munk internal-wave model. It is shown that full-wave rate of entropy is of the same order of magnitude as the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and Lyapunov exponents for the relevant ray trajectories. The correspondence between full-wave and ray entropies suggests a correspondence between full-wave scattering and ray chaos near statistical saturation. The relatively small level of entropy rate during propagation through the random internal-wave field shows that scattering by internal waves is likely not an essential limitation for data rate and channel capacity. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Morozov, Andrey K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, MS 09, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Colosi, John A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Morozov, Andrey K.] Teledyne TWR, N Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. RP Morozov, AK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, MS 09, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM amorozov@teledyne.com FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by Office of Naval Research grant. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 138 IS 3 BP 1353 EP 1364 DI 10.1121/1.4928617 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DB6RX UT WOS:000368643800042 PM 26428774 ER PT J AU Ricca, RL Goldin, AB Deutsch, GH Riehle, KJ AF Ricca, Robert L. Goldin, Adam B. Deutsch, Gail H. Riehle, Kimberly J. TI Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis within a discrete pulmonary lesion mimicking congenital pulmonary airway malformation SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Pediatric interstitial lung disease; Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis; Neonatal respiratory failure; Neonatal lung resection ID LUNG-DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary disorders that are relatively rare in the pediatric population. These diseases are characterized by impaired gas exchange and typically manifest with diffuse infiltrates on radiographs. Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) has recently been identified as an ILD affecting neonates and infants that manifests diffusely throughout the lungs by imaging, has non-specific clinical features, and usually has a favorable outcome in the absence of significant comorbid conditions. We report two cases of PIG that presented with focal radiographic abnormalities, leading to erroneous diagnoses of congenital pulmonary airway malformations and pulmonary resection. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ricca, Robert L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Pediat Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Goldin, Adam B.; Riehle, Kimberly J.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Surg, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Deutsch, Gail H.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Riehle, KJ (reprint author), Seattle Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Gen & Thorac Surg, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM kimberly.riehle@seattlechildrens.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2213-5766 J9 J PEDIAT SURG CASE R JI J. Pediatr. Surg. Case Rep. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 3 IS 9 BP 371 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.epsc.2015.07.005 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CU6OD UT WOS:000363650900004 ER PT J AU Gregory, JM Klosterman, EL Thomas, JM Hammond, J Shewman, EF Wang, VM Verma, NN Romeo, AA AF Gregory, James M. Klosterman, Emma L. Thomas, Jacqueline M. Hammond, James Shewman, Elizabeth F. Wang, Vincent M. Verma, Nikhil N. Romeo, Anthony A. TI Suture Technique Influences the Biomechanical Integrity of Pectoralis Major Repairs SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID TENDON-RUPTURE; MUSCLE; TEARS AB Pectoralis major ruptures occur in large, muscular individuals, and repair constructs may experience significant tension. Four different suture techniques were evaluated biomechanically to determine the effect of suture technique on optimizing fixation strength. Forty fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were repaired using endosteal buttons. The control group was repaired with #2 polyblend suture in a modified Mason-Allen stitch configuration. The triple group was repaired using the same suture and configuration, but with the addition of triple-loaded buttons. The configuration group was repaired using the same suture in a Krackow/Bunnell configuration. The tape group was repaired using 2-mm polyethylene tape and #5 polyblend suture in the Krackow/Bunnell configuration. Under cyclic loading, there was no significant difference between groups. Under load-to-failure testing, the tape group withstood a significantly greater maximum load (726.0 +/- 90.0 N) than the control and triple groups (330.2 +/- 20.2 and 400.2 +/- 35.2 N, respectively; P<.005), and similar load to the configuration group (509.9 +/- 68.6 N; P=.16). The configuration group failed via suture breakage (9/10); the other groups failed via suture pullout, in which suture pulled through tendon (26/30). Pectoralis major repair in a running, locked configuration appears to improve biomechanical performance by preventing suture pull-out. Use of a polyethylene tape construct demonstrates the potential for improved failure loads, but its role remains undefined. C1 [Gregory, James M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Klosterman, Emma L.; Thomas, Jacqueline M.; Shewman, Elizabeth F.; Wang, Vincent M.; Verma, Nikhil N.; Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Hammond, James] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Romeo, AA (reprint author), Rush Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, 1611 W Harrison St,Ste 400, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Anthony.Romeo@rushortho.com OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 FU Arthrex, Inc; Ossur; Linvatic; Smith Nephew; DJO Surgical FX Dr Gregory, Ms Klosterman, Ms Thomas, Dr Hammond, Ms Shewman, and Dr Wang have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Dr Verma holds stock in Omeros; receives research support from Arthrex, Inc, Ossur, and Linvatic; and is a paid consultant for and receives royalties from Smith & Nephew. Dr Romeo receives grants from Smith & Nephew, Arthrex, Inc, DJO Surgical, and Ossur; is a paid consultant for Arthrex, Inc; is on the speaker's bureau of Arthrex, Inc and DJO Surgical; and receives royalties from Arthrex, Inc. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 EI 1938-2367 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 BP E746 EP E752 DI 10.3928/01477447-20150902-50 PG 7 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA CX0NL UT WOS:000365393600001 PM 26375530 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bloom, ED Bonino, R Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cuoco, A Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hewitt, JW Hou, X Kamae, T Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Malyshev, D Massaro, F Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Negro, M Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Sanchez-Conde, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Vianello, G Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Zaharijas, G AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bloom, E. D. Bonino, R. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cuoco, A. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hewitt, J. W. Hou, X. Kamae, T. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Malyshev, D. Massaro, F. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Negro, M. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sanchez-Conde, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Vianello, G. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Zaharijas, G. CA Fermi LAT Collaboration TI Limits on dark matter annihilation signals from the Fermi LAT 4-year measurement of the isotropic gamma-ray background SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma ray experiments; dark matter theory; dark matter experiments; dark matter simulations ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RADIO GALAXIES; GALACTIC HALO; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; MASS; RADIATION; EMISSION; MILKY; 1ST; ANISOTROPIES AB We search for evidence of dark matter (DM) annihilation in the isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB) measured with 50 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations. An improved theoretical description of the cosmological DM annihilation signal, based on two complementary techniques and assuming generic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) properties, renders more precise predictions compared to previous work. More specifically, we estimate the cosmologically-induced gamma-ray intensity to have an uncertainty of a factor similar to 20 in canonical setups. We consistently include both the Galactic and extragalactic signals under the same theoretical framework, and study the impact of the former on the IGRB spectrum derivation. We find no evidence for a DM signal and we set limits on the DM-induced isotropic gamma-ray signal. Our limits are competitive for DM particle masses up to tens of TeV and, indeed, are the strongest limits derived from Fermi LAT data at TeV energies. This is possible thanks to the new Fermi LAT IGRB measurement, which now extends up to an energy of 820 GeV. We quantify uncertainties in detail and show the potential this type of search offers for testing the WIMP paradigm with a complementary and truly cosmological probe of DM particle signals. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Albert, A.; Bloom, E. D.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Kamae, T.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Negro, M.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Bloom, E. D.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Kamae, T.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Negro, M.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Bissaldi, E.; Longo, F.; Zaharijas, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bechtol, K.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bissaldi, E.; Zaharijas, G.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.; Latronico, L.; Negro, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Sanchez-Conde, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Cuoco, A.; Larsson, S.; Sanchez-Conde, M.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Palma, F.] Univ Grave Telemat Pegaso, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Drlica-Wagner, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Hewitt, J. W.; Perkins, J. S.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gustafsson, M.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Phys Theor, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hou, X.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Massaro, F.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Massaro, F.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Mitthumsiri, W.] Mahidol Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Nemmen, R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Cincias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zaharijas, G.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. [Zaharijas, G.] Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticle Phys, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia. [Gustafsson, M.] Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Franckowiak, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM afrancko@slac.stanford.edu; michael.gustafsson@theorie.physik.uni-goettingen.de; sanchezconde@fysik.su.se; gabrijela.zaharijas@ung.si RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016 OI Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; FU Belgian Science Policy [TAP VII/37]; IISN; ARC project; Wenner-Gren foundation; NASA [NNH09ZDA001N] FX M.G. is supported by the Belgian Science Policy (TAP VII/37), the IISN and the ARC project. M.A.S.C. acknowledges the support of the Wenner-Gren foundation to develop his research and the NASA grant NNH09ZDA001N for the study of the extragalactic background. G.Z. is grateful to SLAC for hospitality during part of the realization of this work. The authors are thankful to Emiliano Sefusatti for help with producing some of the figures. We also thank Mattia Fornasa for useful discussions and comments. NR 123 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 IS 9 AR 008 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/09/008 PG 40 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CX4SG UT WOS:000365690000008 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI Impulse and work for the bullet-block Veritasium video SO PHYSICS TEACHER LA English DT Letter C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PK PA 5110 ROANOKE PLACE SUITE 101, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA SN 0031-921X J9 PHYS TEACH JI Phys. Teach. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 325 EP 326 DI 10.1119/1.4928342 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX6GD UT WOS:000365798300003 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, Michael E. TI QUASI-SYMMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND MOD p MULTIPLE HARMONIC SUMS SO KYUSHU JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE multiple harmonic sums; mod p harmonic sums; quasi-symmetric functions ID CYCLOTOMIC INVARIANTS; IRREGULAR PRIMES; HOPF-ALGEBRAS; ZETA-VALUES; SERIES AB We present a number of results about (finite) multiple harmonic sums modulo a prime, which provide interesting parallels to known results about multiple zeta values (i.e. infinite multiple harmonic series). In particular, we prove a 'duality' result for mod p harmonic sums similar to (but distinct from) that for multiple zeta values. We also exploit the Hopf algebra structure of the quasi-symmetric functions to perform calculations with multiple harmonic sums mod p, and obtain, for each weight n through nine, a set of generators for the space of weight-n multiple harmonic sums mod p. When combined with recent work, the results of this paper offer significant evidence that the number of quantities needed to generate the weight-n multiple harmonic sums mod p is the nth Padovan number (OEIS sequence A000931). C1 [Hoffman, Michael E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM meh@usna.edu RI Hoffman, Michael/D-9913-2011 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KYUSHU UNIV, FAC MATHEMATICS PI FUKUOKA PA KYUSHU UNIV, FAC MATHEMATICS, 744 MOTOOKA, NISHI-KU, FUKUOKA, 819-0395, JAPAN SN 1340-6116 EI 1883-2032 J9 KYUSHU J MATH JI Kyushu J. Math. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 69 IS 2 BP 345 EP 366 DI 10.2206/kyushujm.69.345 PG 22 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA CW7AF UT WOS:000365149600005 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Huba, JD AF Streltsov, A. V. Huba, J. D. TI Magnetospheric resonances at low and middle latitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric Alfven resonator; radiation belt; Alfven waves; magnetospheric resonator ID IONOSPHERIC ALFVEN RESONATOR; FIELD LINE RESONANCES; QUIET AURORAL ARCS; RADIATION BELT; PROTONS; DENSITY; WAVES; L=1.3 AB We present results from a numerical study of structure and dynamics of dispersive Alfven waves in the near-Earth magnetosphere containing proton radiation belt (near L = 1.5 dipole magnetic shell). The interest in this problem is motivated by numerous observations of magnetic oscillations with frequencies in the range of 0.1-4.0Hz detected on the ground at low and middle latitudes. In a number of studies these oscillations interpreted as shear Alfven waves standing inside the so-called ionospheric Alfven resonator. We present results from two-dimensional, time-dependent simulations of the reduced two-fluid MHD model performed in the dipole magnetic field geometry with the realistic parameters of the magnetospheric plasma. These simulations show that these pulsations can be produced by the fundamental mode of the global field line resonator, spanning the entire magnetic field line in the low or middle magnetosphere. Simulations also show that even the waves with the highest considered frequencies (2.44Hz) are not trapped inside the ionospheric resonator. Therefore, if these waves will be generated by some ionospheric source, then they can reach the equatorial magnetosphere and interact with energetic protons in the proton radiation belt. C1 [Streltsov, A. V.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DE USA. RP Streltsov, AV (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM streltsa@erau.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 120 IS 9 BP 7718 EP 7727 DI 10.1002/2015JA021532 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU9PN UT WOS:000363876800042 ER PT J AU Espinoza-Valles, I Vora, GJ Lin, BC Leekitcharoenphon, P Gonzalez-Castillo, A Ussery, D Hoj, L Gomez-Gil, B AF Espinoza-Valles, Iliana Vora, Gary J. Lin, Baochuan Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas Gonzalez-Castillo, Adrian Ussery, Dave Hoj, Lone Gomez-Gil, Bruno TI Unique and conserved genome regions in Vibrio harveyi and related species in comparison with the shrimp pathogen Vibrio harveyi CAIM 1792 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENE DUPLICATIONS; LUMINOUS BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TOXIN GENES; CURVED DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MARINE; STRAIN; CAMPBELLII AB Vibrio harveyi CAIM 1792 is a marine bacterial strain that causes mortality in farmed shrimp in north-west Mexico, and the identification of virulence genes in this strain is important for understanding its pathogenicity. The aim of this work was to compare the V. harveyi CAIM 1792 genome with related genome sequences to determine their phylogenic relationship and explore unique regions in silico that differentiate this strain from other V. harveyi strains. Twenty-one newly sequenced genomes were compared in silico against the CAIM 1792 genome at nucleotidic and predicted proteome levels. The proteome of CAIM 1792 had higher similarity to those of other V. harveyi strains (78 %) than to those of the other closely related species Vibrio owensii (67 %), Vibrio rotiferianus (63 %) and Vibrio campbellii (59 %). Pan-genome ORFans trees showed the best fit with the accepted phylogeny based on DNA DNA hybridization and multi-locus sequence analysis of 11 concatenated housekeeping genes. SNP analysis clustered 34/38 genomes within their accepted species. The pangenomic and SNP trees showed that V. harveyi is the most conserved of the four species studied and V. campbellii may be divided into at least three subspecies, supported by intergenomic distance analysis. BLASTP atlases were created to identify unique regions among the genomes most related to V. harveyi CAIM 1792; these regions included genes encoding glycosyltransferases, specific type restriction modification systems and a transcriptional regulator, LysR, reported to be involved in virulence, metabolism, quorum sensing and motility. C1 [Espinoza-Valles, Iliana; Gonzalez-Castillo, Adrian; Gomez-Gil, Bruno] CIAD AC, Mazatlan Unit Aquaculture, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Vora, Gary J.; Lin, Baochuan] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. [Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Div Epidemiol & Microbial Gen, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas; Ussery, Dave] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Ussery, Dave] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comparat Genom Grp, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hoj, Lone] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Gomez-Gil, B (reprint author), CIAD AC, Mazatlan Unit Aquaculture, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. EM bruno@ciad.mx RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Hoj, Lone/A-1307-2008; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Hoj, Lone/0000-0002-7781-8754; Ussery, David/0000-0003-3632-5512; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU CONACYT [CB-2009-01 132328]; Office of Naval Research via US Naval Research Laboratory core funds FX We would like to thank Drs Zheng Wang and W. Judson Hervey for their bioinformatic assistance. This work was supported by CONACYT CB-2009-01 132328 (I. E.-V. and B. G.-G.) and the Office of Naval Research via US Naval Research Laboratory core funds (G. J. V.). NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2015 VL 161 BP 1762 EP 1779 DI 10.1099/mic.0.000141 PN 9 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CV3QX UT WOS:000364175400006 PM 26198743 ER PT J AU Beltran, SDT Cutchin, S White, S AF Beltran, Samuel D. Tun Cutchin, S. White, S. TI A New Look at Type-III Bursts and Their Use as Coronal Diagnostics SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona, radio emission; Radio bursts, dynamic spectrum; Radio bursts, type III; Waves, plasma ID SOLAR RADIO-BURSTS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; ELECTRON; TEMPERATURES; BEAMS AB We present meter-wave solar radio spectra of the highest spectro-temporal resolution achieved to date. The observations, obtained with the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1), show unprecedented detail of solar emissions across a wide bandwidth during a Type-III/IIIb storm. Our flux calibration demonstrates that the LWA1 can detect Type-III bursts much weaker than 1 SFU, much lower than previous observations, and that the distribution of fluxes in these bursts varies with frequency. The high sensitivity and low noise in the data provide strong constraints to models of this type of plasma emission, providing evidence against the idea that Type-IIIb striae are generated from electrons trapped in Langmuir-wave sidebands. The continuous generation of electron beams in the corona revealed by the high density Type-III storm is evidence for ubiquitous magnetic reconnection in the lower corona. Such an abundance of reconnection events not only contributes to the total coronal energy budget, but also provides an engine by which to form the populations of seed particles responsible for proton-rich solar energetic-particle events. An active region (AR) with such levels of reconnection and the accompanying Type-III/IIIb storms is proposed here to be associated with an increase of SEP production if a CME erupts. The data's constraints on existing theories of Type-IIIb production are used to make an association of the observed Type-IIIb storm to specific electron-beam paths with increased inhomogeneities in density, temperature, and/or turbulence. This scenario ties in the observed timing of Type-III and -IIIb storms, constrained theories of Type-III and -IIIb emission, and the ability of the emitting AR to produce a strong SEP event. The result requires but a single observable to cement these ideas, the statistical correlation of Type-III/IIIb activity with SEP-productive AR. C1 [Beltran, Samuel D. Tun; Cutchin, S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [White, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Div, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Beltran, SDT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Samuel.TunBeltran@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C-0147]; National Science Foundation [AST-1139963, AST-1139974] FX S. Tun Beltran would like to thank A. Vourlidas and M. Laming for critical discussions of the work, and further express gratitude to the National Academies of Science. The bulk of this work was carried out while he was a National Research Council Fellow at the Naval Research Laboratory. The work was finalized under NRL's Karles Fellowship. Many thanks as well to the LWA1 team, who greatly facilitated the hosting and processing of data for this work. Construction of LWA1 was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-07-C-0147. Support for operations and continuing development of LWA1 is provided by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1139963 and AST-1139974 of the University Radio Observatories program. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 290 IS 9 BP 2423 EP 2437 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0760-6 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU7MX UT WOS:000363725300004 ER PT J AU Yu, HS Jackson, BV Hick, PP Buffington, A Odstrcil, D Wu, CC Davies, JA Bisi, MM Tokumaru, M AF Yu, H. -S. Jackson, B. V. Hick, P. P. Buffington, A. Odstrcil, D. Wu, C. -C. Davies, J. A. Bisi, M. M. Tokumaru, M. TI 3D Reconstruction of Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) Remote-Sensing Data: Global Solar Wind Boundaries for Driving 3D-MHD Models SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary scintillation; Solar wind; 3D-MHD models; Remote sensing; Forecasting ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TIME-DEPENDENT TOMOGRAPHY; STEREO HELIOSPHERIC IMAGERS; INNER HELIOSPHERE; MHD MODEL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FIELD ENHANCEMENTS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; COMPOUND STREAMS; EVOLUTION AB The University of California, San Diego, time-dependent analyses of the heliosphere provide three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of solar wind velocities and densities from observations of interplanetary scintillation (IPS). Using data from the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Japan, these reconstructions provide a real-time prediction of the global solar-wind density and velocity throughout the whole heliosphere with a temporal cadence of about one day ips.ucsd.edu . Updates to this modeling effort continue: in the present article, near-Sun results extracted from the time-dependent 3D reconstruction are used as inner boundary conditions to drive 3D-MHD models (e.g. ENLIL and H3D-MHD). This allows us to explore the differences between the IPS kinematic-model data-fitting procedure and current 3D-MHD modeling techniques. The differences in these techniques provide interesting insights into the physical principles governing the expulsion of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Here we detail for the first time several specific CMEs and an induced shock that occurred in September 2011 that demonstrate some of the issues resulting from these analyses. C1 [Yu, H. -S.; Jackson, B. V.; Hick, P. P.; Buffington, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] NASA, GSFC MC 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, C. -C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davies, J. A.; Bisi, M. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Tokumaru, M.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terrestrial Environm Lab STELab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Yu, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hsyu@ucsd.edu; bvjackson@ucsd.edu; pphick@ucsd.edu; abuffington@ucsd.edu; dusanod@gmail.com; chin-chun.wu@nrl.navy.mil; jackie.davies@stfc.ac.uk; mario.bisi@stfc.ac.uk; tokumaru@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp FU NSF [AGS-1053766, AGS-1358399]; AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0324]; ONR 6.1 program; Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences at UCSD; STELab, Nagoya University FX H.-S. Yu, B.V. Jackson, P.P. Hick, and A. Buffington were supported at UCSD by NSF grants AGS-1053766, and AGS-1358399, and by AFOSR grant FA9550-11-1-0324. Work of C.-C. Wu was supported by the ONR 6.1 program. The authors wish to acknowledge and thank the group at STELab, Nagoya University (those not included in the author list: M. Kojima, K. Fujiki, and students) for their continued support, and for making IPS data sets available under the auspices of a joint collaborative agreement between the Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences at UCSD and STELab, Nagoya University. We wish to thank Kevin Schenk and the LASCO coronagraph group for the CME images taken using the C2 coronagraph, and the STEREO/SECCHI group for making available their COR2 images. We also thank the UKSSDC (UK solar system data centre) for providing the HI data. NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 290 IS 9 BP 2519 EP 2538 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0685-0 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU7MX UT WOS:000363725300010 ER PT J AU McDonald, SE Sassi, F Mannucci, AJ AF McDonald, S. E. Sassi, F. Mannucci, A. J. TI SAMI3/SD-WACCM-X simulations of ionospheric variability during northern winter 2009 SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modeling; lower atmospheric coupling; SSW ID LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DIURNAL TIDE; WACCM-X; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; MESOSPHERE; WAVE; GCM AB We have performed simulations using the Naval Research Laboratory's physics-based model of the ionosphere, Sami3 is A Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3), to illustrate how neutral wind dynamics is responsible for day-to-day variability of the ionosphere. We have used neutral winds specified from the extended version of the specified dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM-X), in which meteorology below 92km is constrained by atmospheric specifications from an operational weather forecast model and reanalysis. To assess the realism of the simulations against observations, we have carried out a case study during January-February 2009, a dynamically disturbed time characterized by a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) commencing 24 January 2009. Model results are compared with total electron content (TEC) from Jet Propulsion Laboratory global ionospheric maps. We show that SAMI3/SD-WACCM-X captures longitudinal variability in the equatorial ionization anomaly associated with nonmigrating tides, with strongest contributions coming from the diurnal eastward wave number 2 (DE2) and DE3. Both migrating and nonmigrating tides contribute to significant day-to-day variability, with TEC varying up to 16%. Our simulation during the SSW period reveals that at the Jicamarca longitude (285 degrees E) on 27 January 2009 nonmigrating tides contribute to an enhancement of the electron density in the morning followed by a decrease in the afternoon. An enhancement of the semidiurnal eastward wave number 2 (SE2) and SE3 nonmigrating tides, likely associated with the appearance of the SSW, suggests that these tides increase the longitudinal variability of the SSW impact on the ionosphere. The conclusion is that realistic meteorology propagating upward from the lower atmosphere influences the dynamo region and reproduces aspects of the observed variability in the ionosphere. C1 [McDonald, S. E.; Sassi, F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Mannucci, A. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP McDonald, SE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM sarah.mcdonald@nrl.navy.mil FU Chief of Naval Research through NRL; NASA/LWS [NNH12AT21I]; Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX SAMI3 and SD-WACCM-X simulation output is archived at the Naval Research Laboratory. Global ionospheric maps of TEC are maintained by JPL. The Scherliess-Fejer model is available upon request from Ludgar Scherliess at Utah State University. Model output and TEC data sets are available from the authors upon request. S.M. and F.S. are supported by the Chief of Naval Research through NRL base funding. F.S. was partially supported by NASA/LWS grant NNH12AT21I. This work was also supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the U.S. Navy DOD Supercomputing Resource Center (NAVO). Portions of this research were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Sponsorship of the Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, we would like to thank Joseph Huba for providing us with the SAMI3 source code. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD SEP PY 2015 VL 13 IS 9 BP 568 EP 584 DI 10.1002/2015SW001223 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU4ER UT WOS:000363480300009 ER PT J AU Gentry, S Chow, E Massie, A Segev, D AF Gentry, Sommer Chow, Eric Massie, Allan Segev, Dorry TI Gerrymandering for Justice: Redistricting US Liver Allocation SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE redistricting; set partitioning; location allocation; zero-one integer programming; healthcare; transplantation; liver ID KIDNEY PAIRED DONATION; DISTRICTING PROBLEM; UNITED-STATES; WAITING-LIST; TRANSPLANTATION; SYSTEM; MODEL; RATES; OPTIMIZATION; DISPARITIES AB U.S. organ allocation policy sequesters livers from deceased donors within arbitrary geographic boundaries, frustrating the intent of those who wish to offer the livers to transplant candidates based on medical urgency. We used a zero-one integer program to partition 58 donor service areas into between four and eight sharing districts that minimize the disparity in liver availability among districts. Because the integer program necessarily suppressed clinically significant differences among patients and organs, we tested the optimized district maps with a discrete-event simulation tool that represents liver allocation at a per-person, per-organ level of detail. In April 2014, the liver committee of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) decided in a unanimous vote of 22-0-0 to write a policy proposal based on our eight-district and four-district maps. The OPTN board of directors could implement the policy after the proposal and public-comment period. Redistricting liver allocation would save hundreds of lives over the next five years and would attenuate the serious geographic inequity in liver transplant offers. C1 [Gentry, Sommer] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, Sommer; Chow, Eric; Massie, Allan; Segev, Dorry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Massie, Allan; Segev, Dorry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Gentry, S (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gentry@usna.edu; echow8@jhmi.edu; amassie@jhmi.edu; dorry@jhmi.edu FU U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Division of Transplantation [HHSH250201000018C]; National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RC1 1RC1DK08645001] FX This work was supported by a contract from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Division of Transplantation [HHSH250201000018C]. The work was also supported by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RC1 1RC1DK08645001]. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 45 IS 5 BP 462 EP 480 DI 10.1287/inte.2015.0810 PG 19 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA CU1GR UT WOS:000363269000007 ER PT J AU Abarca, SF Montgomery, MT McWilliams, JC AF Abarca, Sergio F. Montgomery, Michael T. McWilliams, James C. TI The azimuthally averaged boundary layer structure of a numerically simulated major hurricane SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY EYEWALL FORMATION; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; PART I; ISABEL 2003; DYNAMICS; MODEL; RAMS; PARAMETERIZATION; INTENSITY; SEPTEMBER AB This work examines the azimuthally averaged boundary layer structure of a numerically simulated hurricane. We nominally define the hurricane boundary layer as the layer in which the effects of surface friction are associated with significant departures from gradient wind balance. The boundary layer in the intensifying primary and forming secondary eyewalls is found to be nonlinear. At large radii, exterior to the eyewalls, Ekman-like balance as traditionally defined, is found to hold true. Where significant departures from Ekman-like balance are found, the departures are characterized by large vertical advection of horizontal velocity through the depth of the boundary layer. Shock-like structures are not found to be prominent in the azimuthally averaged view of the vortex boundary layer, with the largest azimuthally averaged radial gradients of the radial and tangential velocities being on the order of only a few meters per second per kilometer. Also, in the radial regions of the eyewalls, at the height where the averaged tangential wind is a maximum, the radial advection of radial velocity is an order of magnitude smaller than the agradient force per unit mass. Some physical implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Abarca, Sergio F.] NOAA NWS NCEP, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [McWilliams, James C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Abarca, SF (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sergio.abarca@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS 0733380, IAA-1313948]; National Research Council (NRC) through its Research Associateship Program; Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Awards AGS 0733380 and IAA-1313948. We thank Roger Smith for providing useful comments on a near-final draft of this paper. Sergio F. Abarca gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Research Council (NRC) through its Research Associateship Program, and the host institution, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent sponsoring agencies or institutions. The data used in this paper can be accessed by emailing the first author at sergio.abarca@noaa.gov. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 1207 EP 1219 DI 10.1002/2015MS000457 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU1JV UT WOS:000363278200013 ER PT J AU Thomsen, GL Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Thomsen, Gerald L. Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Tropical cyclone flow asymmetries induced by a uniform flow revisited SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; EDDY DIFFUSIVITY; INFLOW LAYER; ISABEL 2003; MODEL; CORE; VORTICES AB We investigate the hypothesized effects of a uniform flow on the structural evolution of a tropical cyclone using a simple idealized, three-dimensional, convection-permitting, numerical model. The study addresses three outstanding basic questions concerning the effects of moist convection on the azimuthal flow asymmetries and provides a bridge between the problem of tropical cyclone intensification in a quiescent environment and that in vertical shear over a deep tropospheric layer. At any instant of time, explicit deep convection in the model generates flow asymmetries that tend to mask the induced flow asymmetries predicted by the dry, slab boundary layer model of Shapiro, whose results are frequently invoked as a benchmark for characterizing the boundary layer-induced vertical motion for a translating storm. In sets of ensemble experiments in which the initial low-level moisture field is randomly perturbed, time-averaged ensemble mean fields in the mature stage show a coherent asymmetry in the vertical motion rising into the eyewall and in the total (horizontal) wind speed just above the boundary layer. The maximum ascent occurs about 45 degrees to the left of the vortex motion vector, broadly in support of Shapiro's results, in which it occurs ahead of the storm, and consistent with one earlier more complex numerical calculation by Frank and Ritchie. The total wind asymmetry just above the boundary layer has a maximum in the forward right sector, which is in contrast to the structure effectively prescribed by Shapiro based on an inviscid dry symmetric vortex translating in a uniform flow where, in an Earth-relative frame, the maximum is on the right. C1 [Thomsen, Gerald L.; Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU German Research Council (DFG) [SM 30/23-1]; Office of Naval Research Global [N62909-15-1-N021]; NSF [AGS-0733380, AGS-0851077]; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG09HG031] FX G.L.T. and R.K.S. were supported in part by grant SM 30/23-1 from the German Research Council (DFG). R.K.S. is supported also by the Office of Naval Research Global under grant N62909-15-1-N021. M.T.M. acknowledges the support of NSF grants AGS-0733380 and NSF AGS-0851077 and NASA grants NNH09AK561 and NNG09HG031. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent sponsoring agencies or institutions. The data used in this paper can be accessed by e-mailing the second author at: rogerksmith@online.de. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 1265 EP 1284 DI 10.1002/2015MS000477 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU1JV UT WOS:000363278200016 ER PT J AU Ansong, JK Arbic, BK Buijsman, MC Richman, JG Shriver, JF Wallcraft, AJ AF Ansong, Joseph K. Arbic, Brian K. Buijsman, Maarten C. Richman, James G. Shriver, Jay F. Wallcraft, Alan J. TI Indirect evidence for substantial damping of low-mode internal tides in the open ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE internal tide damping; internal tide dissipation ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DEEP-OCEAN; HAWAIIAN RIDGE; TIDAL ENERGY; KAENA RIDGE; SURFACE MANIFESTATION; VERTICAL COORDINATE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; BAROCLINIC TIDES; GLOBAL PATTERNS AB A global high-resolution ocean circulation model forced by atmospheric fields and the M-2 tidal constituent is used to explore plausible scenarios for the damping of low-mode internal tides. The plausibility of different damping scenarios is tested by comparing the modeled barotropic tides with TPXO8, a highly accurate satellite-altimetry-constrained tide model, and by comparing the modeled coherent baroclinic tide amplitudes against along-track altimetry. Five scenarios are tested: (1) a topographic internal wave drag, argued here to represent the breaking of unresolved high vertical modes, applied to the bottom flow (default configuration), (2) a wave drag applied to the barotropic flow, (3) absence of wave drag, (4) a substantial increase in quadratic bottom friction along the continental shelves (with wave drag turned off), and (5) application of wave drag to the barotropic flow at the same time that quadratic bottom friction is substantially increased along the shelves. Of the scenarios tested here, the default configuration (1) yields the most accurate tides. In all other scenarios (2-5), the lack of damping on open ocean baroclinic motions yields baroclinic tides that are too energetic and travel too far from their sources, despite the presence of a vigorous mesoscale eddy field which can scatter and decohere internal tides in the model. The barotropic tides are also less accurate in the absence of an open ocean damping on barotropic motions, that is, in scenarios (3) and (4). The results presented here suggest that low-mode internal tides experience substantial damping in the open ocean. C1 [Ansong, Joseph K.; Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Buijsman, Maarten C.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Richman, James G.; Shriver, Jay F.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] Naval Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Ansong, JK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jkansong@umich.edu OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU National Science Foundation CPT [OCE-0968783]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0487]; project "Eddy resolving global ocean prediction including tides'' - Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; project "Ageostrophic vorticity dynamics'' - Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; National Science Foundation FX The output files for the model runs analyzed in this paper are archived at the Department of the Navy Shared Resources Center (DSRC) at the Stennis Space Center. The files stored there can be accessed after obtaining an account at the facility. The corresponding author can be contacted for information to access the archived data once an account has been established. J.K.A. and B.K.A. gratefully acknowledge support from National Science Foundation CPT grant OCE-0968783 and Office of Naval Research grant N00014-11-1-0487. M.C.B., J.F.S., J.G.R., and A.J.W. were supported by the projects "Eddy resolving global ocean prediction including tides'' and "Ageostrophic vorticity dynamics'' sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under program element 0602435N. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Navy DSRC. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-15-2596. This research represents a contribution to the Climate Process Team (CPT) project "Collaborative Research: Representing Internal-Wave Driven Mixing in Global Ocean Models'' which focuses on improving estimates of mixing due to internal waves in the ocean. The project is funded by the National Science Foundation and is led by Jennifer MacKinnon of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. We are grateful to Richard Ray for providing us with the along-track altimeter data and for useful comments on our Figure 8. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2015 VL 120 IS 9 BP 6057 EP 6071 DI 10.1002/2015JC010998 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CU4BF UT WOS:000363470300010 ER PT J AU Liu, J Corrigan, A Kailasanath, K Ramamurti, R Heeb, N Munday, D Gutmark, E AF Liu, J. Corrigan, A. Kailasanath, K. Ramamurti, R. Heeb, N. Munday, D. Gutmark, E. TI Impact of Deck and Jet Blast Deflector on the Flow and Acoustic Properties of an Imperfectly Expanded Supersonic Jet SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; ALGORITHMS; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; EULER; FCT AB The impact of a model aircraft carrier deck and jet blast deflector (JBD) has been investigated using a recently developed flow code JENRE (the Jet Engine Noise Reduction) at an underexpanded jet condition. The agreement of the computed flow and near-field acoustic properties of the baseline configuration (without the carrier deck and JBD) agree well with available experimental data. It is found that the deck surface, which is 1.6 D (D is the nozzle exit diameter) below the jet centerline, and a JBD surface, which is roughly 6.0 D downstream of the end of the potential core, have little impact on the shock-cell structure and jet potential core. However, the deck reflection increases the near-field noise levels and the magnitude of this increase grows with the axial distance up to the location roughly 5.0 D downstream of the jet potential core. It is found that the increase of the noise level caused by the deck reflection is predominantly in the high-frequency components. The JBD surface redirects both the jet plume and the pressure waves generated by the jet plume to the upward direction relative to the JBD surface. The trailing edges of the JBD surface also generate pressure waves that propagate in both upstream and downstream directions and interact with pressure waves generated by the jet plume. The JBD surface increases the noise level in the low-frequency range upstream of the JBD location, indicating that the trailing edge effect is the main cause of this increase. C1 [Liu, J.; Corrigan, A.; Kailasanath, K.; Ramamurti, R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heeb, N.; Munday, D.; Gutmark, E.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under Noise Induced Hearing Loss program; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through NRL 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area FX This research has been sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss program, as well as through the NRL 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area. Computing resources have been provided by the HPCMO challenge project C5G under DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 127 IS 3 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CT8VM UT WOS:000363095000005 ER PT J AU Hadley, R AF Hadley, Richard TI E-STREAM-Modernization of the Navy's Family of Underway Replenishment Systems for the 21st Century SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fleet Maintenance and Modernization Symposium (FMMS) CY SEP 01-02, 2015 CL San Diego, CA AB Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Port Hueneme Division (PHD) engineers from the Underway Replenishment Division, along with their industry partners have developed a new family of Underway Replenishment (Unrep) systems for the U.S. Navy. The catalyst for this project was a new ship class requirement to have an Unrep system that could deliver current system loads at twice the speed or twice as heavy loads at current systems speeds, Heavy E-STREAM (Electronic-Standard Tensioned REplenishment Alongside Method). Legacy technologies proved to be ineffectual for these difficult requirements while modern components and electronic controls proved highly capable to solve this complex at-sea, intership cargo transfer system. Obsolescence and maintenance issues with the legacy system, along with demonstrated performance gains and proposed engineering improvements reducing Total Ownership Costs (TOC) of this new system, led to the sponsor tasking development of two additional Unrep systems, one fuel and one cargo. These systems would be designed with legacy capability, utilizing the controls developed during the Heavy E-STREAM, maximizing any development work put into reducing TOC, and would become the Navy's new Standard Unrep system. These two new systems are E-STREAM Fueling-At-Sea (E-FAS) and E-STREAM Cargo (E-RAS - E-STREAM Replenishment-At-Sea). The following paper discusses why and how the system was modernized, how the new design will decrease maintenance requirements, both preventative and corrective, and what the current status is of the system development. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Port Hueneme div, Code Underway Replenishment S60, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Hadley, R (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Port Hueneme div, Code Underway Replenishment S60, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 127 IS 3 BP 73 EP 87 PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CT8VM UT WOS:000363095000007 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Nappo, CJ Mahrt, L Belusic, D Grisogono, B Stauffer, DR Pulido, M Staquet, C Jiang, QF Pouquet, A Yague, C Galperin, B Smith, RB Finnigan, JJ Mayor, SD Svensson, G Grachev, AA Neff, WD AF Sun, Jielun Nappo, Carmen J. Mahrt, Larry Belusic, Danijel Grisogono, Branko Stauffer, David R. Pulido, Manuel Staquet, Chantal Jiang, Qingfang Pouquet, Annick Yaguee, Carlos Galperin, Boris Smith, Ronald B. Finnigan, John J. Mayor, Shane D. Svensson, Gunilla Grachev, Andrey A. Neff, William D. TI Review of wave-turbulence interactions in the stable atmospheric boundary layer SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE waves; turbulence; wave-turbulence interaction; atmospheric boundary layer; stably stratifed flows ID INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ BILLOWS; STRATIFIED SHEAR FLOWS; ONE CRITICAL-LEVEL; MONOTONIC VELOCITY PROFILE; CRITICAL RICHARDSON-NUMBER; SCALE ELIMINATION MODEL; TETHERED LIFTING SYSTEM; DIRECTIONAL WIND SHEAR; ANTARCTIC ICE SHELF AB Flow in a stably stratified environment is characterized by anisotropic and intermittent turbulence and wavelike motions of varying amplitudes and periods. Understanding turbulence intermittency and wave-turbulence interactions in a stably stratified flow remains a challenging issue in geosciences including planetary atmospheres and oceans. The stable atmospheric boundary layer (SABL) commonly occurs when the ground surface is cooled by longwave radiation emission such as at night over land surfaces, or even daytime over snow and ice surfaces, and when warm air is advected over cold surfaces. Intermittent turbulence intensification in the SABL impacts human activities and weather variability, yet it cannot be generated in state-of-the-art numerical forecast models. This failure is mainly due to a lack of understanding of the physical mechanisms for seemingly random turbulence generation in a stably stratified flow, in which wave-turbulence interaction is a potential mechanism for turbulence intermittency. A workshop on wave-turbulence interactions in the SABL addressed the current understanding and challenges of wave-turbulence interactions and the role of wavelike motions in contributing to anisotropic and intermittent turbulence from the perspectives of theory, observations, and numerical parameterization. There have been a number of reviews on waves, and a few on turbulence in stably stratified flows, but not much on wave-turbulence interactions. This review focuses on the nocturnal SABL; however, the discussions here on intermittent turbulence and wave-turbulence interactions in stably stratified flows underscore important issues in stably stratified geophysical dynamics in general. C1 [Sun, Jielun] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Nappo, Carmen J.] CJN Res Meteorol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Mahrt, Larry] NorthWest Res Associates, Corvallis, OR USA. [Belusic, Danijel] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Grisogono, Branko] Univ Zagreb, Dept Geophys, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Stauffer, David R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pulido, Manuel] Univ Nacl Nordeste, FACENA, Dept Phys, Corrientes, Argentina. [Pulido, Manuel] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UMI IFAECI CNRS, IMIT, Corrientes, Argentina. [Staquet, Chantal] Lab Ecoulements Geophys & Ind, Grenoble, France. [Jiang, Qingfang] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Pouquet, Annick] Univ Colorado, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pouquet, Annick] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yaguee, Carlos] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geophys & Meteorol, Madrid, Spain. [Galperin, Boris] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Phys Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Smith, Ronald B.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. [Finnigan, John J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Mayor, Shane D.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Svensson, Gunilla] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grachev, Andrey A.; Neff, William D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jsun@ucar.edu RI Yague, Carlos/G-4498-2011; Belusic, Danijel/E-5672-2012; OI Yague, Carlos/0000-0002-6086-4877; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Geophysical Turbulence Program (GTP); National Science Foundation FX The workshop, WINABL, was sponsored by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Geophysical Turbulence Program (GTP). We would like to thank Andreas Muschinski, William Brown, Steve Cohn, Donald Lenschow, Sergej Zilintinkevich, and two reviewers for their helpful comments on this review. The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research manages NCAR under sponsorship by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 471 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 12 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 956 EP 993 DI 10.1002/2015RG000487 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU2GY UT WOS:000363343200009 ER PT J AU Palmsten, ML Kozarek, JL Calantoni, J AF Palmsten, Margaret L. Kozarek, Jessica L. Calantoni, Joseph TI Video observations of bed form morphodynamics in a meander bend SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bed load; bed forms; bed form migration; sediment flux; meander bend ID LARGE-SCALE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BEDFORM MIGRATION; SAND-BED; RIVER; RIPPLES; DUNES; MODEL; VELOCIMETRY; DYNAMICS AB A new optical remote sensing technique for estimating water depth from an oblique camera view is described. The water surface and the bed were imaged simultaneously to create time-dependent maps of the water surface velocities and the bed elevations that can be used to validate numerical models at high spatial and temporal resolution. The technique was applied in a sandy meander bend at the University of Minnesota Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory Outdoor StreamLab. The root mean square differences between optical estimates of the bed and in situ observations ranged between 0.01 and 0.03 m. Mean bed form wavelength was 0.73 m and mean crest height was 0.07 m, but both varied with distance around the meander bend. Bed form classification varied with distance downstream, and sinuosity of bed forms varied with local radius of curvature. Bed form roughness scaled similarly to other natural riverine environments although wavelength and height magnitude and variability were larger than predicted by empirical formulations for straight reaches. Bed form translation rate varied between 1 and 5 mm s(-1). Estimates of velocity from particle image velocimetry (PIV) on the water surface were approximate to 10% higher than in situ observations collected approximate to 0.05 m below the water surface. Using the PIV observations to drive simple equations for bed load sediment flux, we explained up to 72% of the observed variance in downstream sediment flux. The new methodology described here provides nonintrusive, high spatial and temporal resolution measurements of both the bed and the flow. C1 [Palmsten, Margaret L.; Calantoni, Joseph] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Pearlington, MS 39572 USA. [Kozarek, Jessica L.] Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Palmsten, ML (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Pearlington, MS 39572 USA. EM 7434@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Science and Technology Center program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) via National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics [EAR-0120914]; National Cooperative Highway Research Program [24-33] FX Much of the data described here are presented in the supporting information, additional data may be obtain with written permission from the US Naval Research Laboratory. This work was performed while M. Palmsten held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. J. Calantoni was supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research. This work was partially supported by the Science and Technology Center program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) via the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics under agreement number EAR-0120914 and by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program under project 24-33.The authors wish to thank the staff of the University of Minnesota Saint Anthony Falls Stream Laboratory, as well as T. Kooney for data collection efforts, and C. Chickadel, J. Bartholdy, and an anonymous reviewer for their help improving the manuscript. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are solely those of the authors. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 51 IS 9 BP 7238 EP 7257 DI 10.1002/2014WR016321 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CU2YZ UT WOS:000363391300019 ER PT J AU Schleifer, E Henis, Z Botton, M Shavit, O Gordon, DF Zigler, A AF Schleifer, Elad Henis, Zohar Botton, Mordechai Shavit, Omer Gordon, Daniel F. Zigler, Arie TI Proton Acceleration by Ultrashort Intense Laser Interaction with Microstructured Snow Targets SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE proton acceleration; laser plasma interaction; ultrashort intense laser; laser acceleration; laser driven radiation therapy ID DIELECTRIC MATERIALS; ION-ACCELERATION; BEAMS; ABLATION; ELECTRON; PULSES AB Enhanced proton acceleration to high energy by relatively modest ultrashort laser pulses and structured dynamic plasma snow targets was demonstrated experimentally. High proton yield emitted to narrow solid angle with energies of up 25 MeV were detected from interaction of a 5 TW laser with snow targets. The high yield was attributed to a carefully planned prepulse and microstructured snow targets. We studied experimentally the minimal energy requirements for the adequate prepulse and we are using PIC simulations to study the dynamics of acceleration process. Based on our simulations, we predict that using the proposed scheme protons can be accelerated to energies above 150 MeV by 100 TW laser systems. C1 [Schleifer, Elad; Henis, Zohar; Botton, Mordechai; Shavit, Omer; Zigler, Arie] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Gordon, Daniel F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schleifer, E (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM Elad.schleifer@mail.huji.ac.il; zoharhenis@phys.huji.ac.il; bdmoti@mail.huji.ac.il; omer.shavit@mail.huji.ac.il; daniel.gordon@nrl.navy.mil; zigler@vms.huji.ac.il NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3417 J9 APPL SCI-BASEL JI Appl. Sci.-Basel PD SEP PY 2015 VL 5 IS 3 BP 459 EP 471 DI 10.3390/app5030459 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CT2PF UT WOS:000362644500020 ER PT J AU Bohinski, CA Leventhal, Y AF Bohinski, Chesla Ann Leventhal, Yumei TI Rethinking the ICC Framework: Transformation and Telecollaboration SO FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS LA English DT Article DE cultural comparisons; English as a foreign/second language; intercultural awareness and competence; Spanish language; virtual communities AB This task-based study, designed with Helm and Guth's (2010) Telecollaboration 2.0 framework in mind, qualitatively investigated a telecollaborative exchange. Two second language (L2) Spanish participants and three L2 English participants carried out a six-week e-mail exchange that centered on specific holidays, giving researchers an opportunity to study participants' intercultural communicative competence (ICC) (Byram, 1997) and how participants critically analyzed and discussed cultural aspects of an L2 language (Klein & Solem, 2008). Participants' exchanges revealed the following: (1) each participant's thoughts on his/her partner's culture as was perceived through L2 instruction, (2) each partner's reaction to perceptions and insight to cultural reality, and (3) sharing of personal anecdotes. Patterns in exchanges were analyzed using NVivo 10 software with a data-driven, hybrid analytical approach. Thematic categories were created from the data and used to code the e-mail exchanges and subsequently correlated to Helm and Guth's (2010) framework. Results indicated that participants using a Web 1.0 resource experienced transformation through the telecollaboration. Researchers concluded that more nuanced categories were needed to assess ICC to understand the intricacies of online collaborative exchanges. Researchers believed that Web 1.0, in the absence of Web 2.0, remained a valuable venue for telecollaboration. C1 [Bohinski, Chesla Ann] SUNY Binghamton, Introductory & Intermediate French Italian & Span, Spanish, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Bohinski, Chesla Ann] SUNY Binghamton, Master Arts Teaching French Spanish Adolescence E, Binghamton, NY USA. [Leventhal, Yumei] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Leventhal, Yumei] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bohinski, CA (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Introductory & Intermediate French Italian & Span, Spanish, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0015-718X EI 1944-9720 J9 FOREIGN LANG ANN JI Foreign Lang. Ann. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 48 IS 3 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1111/flan.12149 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA CT8GU UT WOS:000363053900013 ER PT J AU Cortes, FJQ Phillips, J AF Quintero Cortes, Francisco Javier Phillips, Jonathan TI Tube-Super Dielectric Materials: Electrostatic Capacitors with Energy Density Greater than 200 J.cm(-3) SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE energy storage; capacitor; dielectric materials; titania nanotube arrays ID IRON PENTACARBONYL DECOMPOSITION; BARIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS; TITANIUM SUBSTRATE; SUPERCAPACITOR; STORAGE; COMPOSITES; FILMS; OXIDE; PERMITTIVITY; CACU3TI4O12 AB The construction and performance of a second generation of super dielectric material based electrostatic capacitors (EC), with energy density greater than 200 J.cm(-3), which rival the best reported energy density of electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), also known as supercapacitors, are reported. The first generation super dielectric materials (SDM) are multi-material mixtures with dielectric constants greater than 1.0 x 10(5), composed of a porous, electrically insulating powder filled with a polarizable, ion-containing liquid. Second-generation SDMs (TSDM), introduced here, are anodic titania nanotube arrays filled with concentrated aqueous salt solutions. Capacitors using TiO2 based TSDM were found to have dielectric constants at similar to 0 Hz greater than 10(7) in all cases, a maximum operating voltage of greater than 2 volts and remarkable energy density that surpasses the highest previously reported for EC capacitors by approximately one order of magnitude. A simple model based on the classic ponderable media model was shown to be largely consistent with data from nine EC type capacitors employing TSDM. C1 [Quintero Cortes, Francisco Javier] Univ Nacl Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia. [Phillips, Jonathan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fjquinteroc@unal.edu.co; jphillip@nps.edu FU US Navy (Naval Research Program) [P14-0463]; US Marine Corps (Expeditionary Energy Office) FX We are grateful to acknowledge this work was fully funded by grants from the US Navy (Naval Research Program, Project: P14-0463) and the US Marine Corps (Expeditionary Energy Office). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 43 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 6208 EP 6227 DI 10.3390/ma8095301 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CT2NT UT WOS:000362640000010 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W Colombant, D AF Manheimer, Wallace Colombant, Denis TI Fokker Planck and Krook theory of energetic electron transport in a laser produced plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Various laser plasma instabilities, such as the two plasma decay instability and the stimulated Raman scatter instability, produce large quantities of energetic electrons. How these electrons are transported and heat the plasma are crucial questions for laser fusion. This paper works out a Fokker Planck and Krook theory for such transport and heating. The result is a set of equations, for which one can find a simple asymptotic approximation for the solution, for the Fokker Planck case, and an exact solution for the Krook case. These solutions are evaluated and compared with one another. They give rise to expressions for the spatially dependent heating of the background plasma, as a function of the instantaneous laser and plasma parameters, in either planar or spherical geometry. These formulas are simple, universal (depending weakly only on the single parameter Z, the charge state), and can be easily be incorporated into a fluid simulation. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Manheimer, Wallace; Colombant, Denis] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, W (reprint author), Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. FU NRL Laser Fusion Program; NNSA FX This work was supported by the NRL Laser Fusion Program and NNSA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2015 VL 22 IS 9 AR 092708 DI 10.1063/1.4931047 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CT1PM UT WOS:000362571800081 ER PT J AU Tejero, EM Crabtree, C Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE Mithaiwala, M Ganguli, G Rudakov, L AF Tejero, E. M. Crabtree, C. Blackwell, D. D. Amatucci, W. E. Mithaiwala, M. Ganguli, G. Rudakov, L. TI Laboratory studies of nonlinear whistler wave processes in the Van Allen radiation belts SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; IDENTIFICATION AB Important nonlinear wave-wave and wave-particle interactions that occur in the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts are investigated in a laboratory experiment. Predominantly electrostatic waves in the whistler branch are launched that propagate near the resonance cone with measured wave normal angle greater than 85 degrees. When the pump amplitude exceeds a threshold similar to 5 x 10(-6) times the background magnetic field, wave power at frequencies below the pump frequency is observed at wave normal angles (similar to 55 degrees). The scattered wave has a perpendicular wavelength that is nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of the pump wave. Occasionally, the parametric decay of a lower hybrid wave into a magnetosonic wave and a whistler wave is simultaneously observed with a threshold of delta B/B-0 similar to 7 x 10(-7). (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Tejero, E. M.; Crabtree, C.; Blackwell, D. D.; Amatucci, W. E.; Mithaiwala, M.; Ganguli, G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Tejero, EM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory base program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH15AZ90I] FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory base program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNH15AZ90I. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2015 VL 22 IS 9 AR 091503 DI 10.1063/1.4928944 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CT1PM UT WOS:000362571800013 ER PT J AU Cockrell, AL Fitzgerald, LA Cusick, KD Barlow, DE Tsoi, SD Soto, CM Baldwin, JW Dale, JR Morris, RE Little, BJ Biffinger, JC AF Cockrell, Allison L. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Cusick, Kathleen D. Barlow, Daniel E. Tsoi, Stanislav D. Soto, Carissa M. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Dale, Jason R. Morris, Robert E. Little, Brenda J. Biffinger, Justin C. TI Differences in Physical and Biochemical Properties of Thermus scotoductus SA-01 Cultured with Dielectric or Convection Heating SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-CELL; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; IRRADIATION; MICROSCOPY; PRESSURE; LIFE AB A thermophile, Thermus scotoductus SA-01, was cultured within a constant-temperature (65 degrees C) microwave (MW) digester to determine if MW-specific effects influenced the growth and physiology of the organism. As a control, T. scotoductus cells were also cultured using convection heating at the same temperature as the MW studies. Cell growth was analyzed by optical density (OD) measurements, and cell morphologies were characterized using electron microscopy imaging (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biophysical properties (i.e., turgor pressure) were also calculated with AFM, and biochemical compositions (i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, fatty acids) were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the fatty acid methyl esters extracted from cell membranes. Here we report successful cultivation of a thermophile with only dielectric heating. Under the MW conditions for growth, cell walls remained intact and there were no indications of membrane damage or cell leakage. Results from these studies also demonstrated that T. scotoductus cells grown with MW heating exhibited accelerated growth rates in addition to altered cell morphologies and biochemical compositions compared with oven-grown cells. C1 [Cockrell, Allison L.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Cusick, Kathleen D.; Barlow, Daniel E.; Tsoi, Stanislav D.; Morris, Robert E.; Biffinger, Justin C.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Soto, Carissa M.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. [Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] US Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC USA. [Dale, Jason R.; Little, Brenda J.] US Naval Res Lab, Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR/NRL Blk 6.1 Nanoscience Institute; National Research Council FX This work was funded by ONR/NRL Blk 6.1 Nanoscience Institute funding. We thank the National Research Council for A.L.C.'s and K.D.C.'s postdoctoral research associateships. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 81 IS 18 BP 6285 EP 6293 DI 10.1128/AEM.01618-15 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CT2ZU UT WOS:000362676400019 PM 26150459 ER PT J AU Bradley, E Motter, AE Pecora, LM AF Bradley, Elizabeth Motter, Adilson E. Pecora, Louis M. TI Introduction to Focus Issue: The 25th Anniversary of Chaos: Perspectives on Nonlinear Science-Past, Present, and Future SO CHAOS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIAS; MAPS C1 [Bradley, Elizabeth] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bradley, Elizabeth] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Motter, Adilson E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Motter, Adilson E.] Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Inst Complex Syst NICO, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Pecora, Louis M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bradley, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Pecora, Louis/0000-0003-3075-0913; BRADLEY, ELIZABETH/0000-0002-4567-2543 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2015 VL 25 IS 9 AR 097501 DI 10.1063/1.4931448 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CT1NN UT WOS:000362565400002 PM 26428553 ER PT J AU Pecora, LM Carroll, TL AF Pecora, Louis M. Carroll, Thomas L. TI Synchronization of chaotic systems SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-OSCILLATOR-SYSTEMS; GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; RIDDLED BASINS; STABILITY THEORY; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; BIFURCATIONS; MOTION; MAPS; INTERMITTENCY AB We review some of the history and early work in the area of synchronization in chaotic systems. We start with our own discovery of the phenomenon, but go on to establish the historical timeline of this topic back to the earliest known paper. The topic of synchronization of chaotic systems has always been intriguing, since chaotic systems are known to resist synchronization because of their positive Lyapunov exponents. The convergence of the two systems to identical trajectories is a surprise. We show how people originally thought about this process and how the concept of synchronization changed over the years to a more geometric view using synchronization manifolds. We also show that building synchronizing systems leads naturally to engineering more complex systems whose constituents are chaotic, but which can be tuned to output various chaotic signals. We finally end up at a topic that is still in very active exploration today and that is synchronization of dynamical systems in networks of oscillators. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Pecora, Louis M.; Carroll, Thomas L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pecora, LM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049; Pecora, Louis/0000-0003-3075-0913 NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2015 VL 25 IS 9 AR 097611 DI 10.1063/1.4917383 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CT1NN UT WOS:000362565400013 PM 26428564 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. TI Asymmetric turbulent boundary layers along long thin circular cylinders at low-Re SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID WALL-PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; AXIAL-FLOW; FLAT-PLATE; SIMULATIONS; WAKE AB Notable deviations of the asymmetric turbulent boundary layer (TBL) statistics from their axisymmetric counterpart along long thin circular cylinders are vitally important to the naval and oceanographic jurisdictions. Although the available experimental evidence backs their concern, the realm of parametric variability (both geometric and kinematic) is extremely limited to draw solid conclusions. We know that only small misalignments which quantify less than one degree of incidence between the freestream and the straight cylinder axis can substantially alter the boundary layer thicknesses, mean axial velocity, and Reynolds stresses. But the statistical database is plainly inadequate to justify modifying the design tools that were founded solely for axisymmetric flow conditions. Herein, we begin rectifying this drawback by numerical means. The investigation centers on low turbulent Reynolds numbers (500 <= Re-a <= 2500) and small angles-of-incidence (0 degrees < alpha < 9 degrees) to validate and complement the lions-share of the present database (Re-a = aU(o)/v, where a, U-o, and. are the cylinder radius, freestream velocity, and kinematic viscosity, respectively). In particular, we numerically resolved the statistical responses of the TBL, mean axial velocity, Reynolds stresses, and skin friction under angles-of-incidence up to the earliest signs of Strouhal-type shedding. Clearly, the first prominent response was the thinning and thickening of the TBL along the respective windward and leeward sides to only a minor misalignment. Tilting the straight cylinder to slightly higher yaw angles transformed the TBL to a transitional boundary layer along the windward side for all simulated Reynolds numbers. For yaw angles alpha > 2 degrees, all turbulent statistics of the asymmetric boundary layer were measurably dissimilar to those of the axisymmetric state. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.jordan@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001414AF00673, N0001415WX00292]; In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Ronald D. Joslin, Program Officer), Contract Nos. N0001414AF00673 and N0001415WX00292 and the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program (Mr. Neil J. Dubois, Program Coordinator) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2015 VL 27 IS 9 AR 095106 DI 10.1063/1.4930603 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CT1PE UT WOS:000362570800041 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Amatucci, WE McHarg, MG Balthazor, RL AF Enloe, C. L. Amatucci, W. E. McHarg, M. G. Balthazor, R. L. TI Screens versus microarrays for ruggedized retarding potential analyzers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ION; TEMPERATURE; ERRORS AB An array of highly miniaturized electrostatic lenses is shown to be a viable replacement for meshes or screens in a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) where mechanical ruggedness or the ability to intercept large currents of energetic particles is desirable. Data from a prototype device are presented cross-calibrated with a traditional planar RPA indicating how the so-called microarray configuration avoids energy-dependent transparency (either reduced or enhanced) associated with meshes or screens while providing accurate energy analysis with reasonable energy resolution. In contrast, another ruggedized configuration employing a screen is presented, showing the severity of energy-dependent enhanced transparency, verified by numerical simulation. C1 [Enloe, C. L.; McHarg, M. G.; Balthazor, R. L.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Amatucci, W. E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Balthazor, Richard/0000-0002-4568-7446 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 86 IS 9 AR 093302 DI 10.1063/1.4929532 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT1PX UT WOS:000362573300014 PM 26429435 ER PT J AU Vallati, M Chrpa, L Grzes, M McCluskey, TL Roberts, M Sanner, S AF Vallati, Mauro Chrpa, Lukas Grzes, Marek McCluskey, Thomas L. Roberts, Mark Sanner, Scott TI The 2014 International Planning Competition: Progress and Trends SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; SEARCH AB This article reviews the 2014 International Planning Competition (IPC-2014), the eighth in a series of competitions starting in 1998. IPC-2014 was held in three separate parts to assess the state of the art in three prominent areas of planning research: the deterministic (classical) part (IPCD), the learning part (IPCL), and the probabilistic part (IPPC). Each part evaluated planning systems in ways that pushed the edge of existing planner performance by introducing new challenges, novel tasks, or both. The competition surpassed again the number of competitors that participated in its predecessor, highlighting the competition's central role in shaping the landscape of ongoing developments in evaluating planning systems. C1 [Vallati, Mauro; Chrpa, Lukas; McCluskey, Thomas L.] Univ Huddersfield, PARK Res Grp, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England. [Grzes, Marek] Univ Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Roberts, Mark] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sanner, Scott] NICTA, Des Plaines, IL USA. [Sanner, Scott] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Vallati, M (reprint author), Univ Huddersfield, PARK Res Grp, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England. FU Office of Strategic Defense; Amazon Web Services FX The organizers of IPCD-2014 would like to acknowledge the use of the University of Huddersfield Queensgate Grid in carrying out this work as well as Ibad Kureshi and John Brennan for their invaluable support with the cluster. The organizers of IPCL-2014 thank Colorado State University and the Naval Research Laboratory for providing compute resources; Mark Roberts was funded partially by the Office of Strategic Defense. The IPCL and IPPC were supported by a generous grant from Amazon Web Services allowing the competitions to run on the Elastic Compute Cloud. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 36 IS 3 BP 90 EP 98 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA CS2UD UT WOS:000361926600008 ER PT J AU Agarwal, N Andrist, S Bohus, D Fang, F Kagal, L Kido, T Kiekintveld, C Lawless, WF McCallum, A Purohit, H Seneviratne, O Takadama, K Taylor, G AF Agarwal, Nitin Andrist, Sean Bohus, Dan Fang, Fei Kagal, Lalana Kido, Takashi Kiekintveld, Christopher Lawless, W. F. McCallum, Andrew Purohit, Hemant Seneviratne, Oshani Takadama, Keiki Taylor, Gavin TI Reports on the 2015 AAAI Spring Symposium Series SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The AAAI 2015 Spring Symposium Series was held Monday through Wednesday, March 23-25, at Stanford University near Palo Alto, California. The titles of the seven symposia were Ambient Intelligence for Health and Cognitive Enhancement, Applied Computational Game Theory, Foundations of Autonomy and Its (Cyber) Threats: From Individuals to Interdependence, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Integrating Symbolic and Neural Approaches, Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Socio-Technical Behavior Mining: From Data to Decisions, Structured Data for Humanitarian Technologies: Perfect Fit or Overkill? and Turn-Taking and Coordination in Human-Machine Interaction. The highlights of each symposium are presented in this report. C1 [Agarwal, Nitin] Univ Arkansas, Dept Informat Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Andrist, Sean] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Comp Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Bohus, Dan] Microsoft Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Fang, Fei] Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kagal, Lalana] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kido, Takashi] Rikengenesis, Tokyo, Japan. [Kiekintveld, Christopher] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Comp Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Lawless, W. F.] Paine Coll, Math, Augusta, GA USA. [McCallum, Andrew] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Coll Informat & Comp Sci, Amherst, MA USA. [McCallum, Andrew] UMass Amhersts Ctr Data Sci, Amherst, MA USA. [Purohit, Hemant] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Seneviratne, Oshani] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Takadama, Keiki] Univ Electrocommun, Chofu, Tokyo 182, Japan. [Taylor, Gavin] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Agarwal, N (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Informat Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 36 IS 3 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA CS2UD UT WOS:000361926600011 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Gonzalez, JB Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bnino, R Bottagini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Britto, RJ Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Careenter, B Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Abrusco, R D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS FAvuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Finke, J Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Furniss, AK Fusco, P Gargano, E Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, E Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Horan, D Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kataoka, J Kawano, T Krauss, F Kuss, M La Mura, G Larsson, S Latronico, L Leto, C Li, J Li, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nuss, E Ohno, M Oxsugi, T Ojha, R Omdei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Paggi, A Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Romani, RW Salvetti, D Schaal, M Schinzel, FK Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Sokolovsky, KV Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, Y Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Torresi, E Tosti, G Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Vianello, G Winer, BL Wood, KS Zimmer, S AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Gonzalez, J. Becerra Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bnino, R. Bottagini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Britto, R. J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Careenter, B. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Abrusco, R. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. FAvuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Finke, J. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Furniss, A. K. Fusco, P. Gargano, E. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, E. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kataoka, J. Kawano, T. Krauss, F. Kuss, M. La Mura, G. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Leto, C. Li, J. Li, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Oxsugi, T. Ojha, R. Omdei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paggi, A. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Romani, R. W. Salvetti, D. Schaal, M. Schinzel, F. K. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Sokolovsky, K. V. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, Y. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Torresi, E. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Vianello, G. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Zimmer, S. TI THE THIRD CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; ALL-SKY SURVEY; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; SPECTRUM RADIO QUASARS; GALAXY 3C 111; X-RAY; COMPLETE SAMPLE; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC JETS AB The third catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT (3LAC) is presented. It is based on the third Fermi-LAT catalog (3FGL) of sources detected between 100 MeV and 300 GeV with a Test Statistic greater than 25, between 2008 August 4 and 2012 July 31. The 3LAC includes 1591 AGNs located at high Galactic latitudes (vertical bar b vertical bar > 10 degrees), a 71% increase over the second catalog based on 2 years of data. There are 28 duplicate associations, thus 1563 of the 2192 high-latitude gamma-ray sources of the 3FGL catalog are AGNs. Most of them (98%) are blazars. About half of the newly detected blazars are of unknown type, i.e., they lack spectroscopic information of sufficient quality to determine the strength of their emission lines. Based on their gamma-ray spectral properties, these sources are evenly split between flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lacs. The most abundant detected BL Lacs are of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) type. About 50% of the BL Lacs have no measured redshifts. A few new rare outliers (HSP-FSRQs and high-luminosity HSP BL Lacs) are reported. The general properties of the 3LAC sample confirm previous findings from earlier catalogs. The fraction of 3LAC blazars in the total population of blazars listed in BZCAT remains non-negligible even at the faint ends of the BZCAT-blazar radio, optical, and X-ray flux distributions, which hints that even the faintest known blazars could eventually shine in gamma-rays at LAT-detection levels. The energy-flux distributions of the different blazar populations are in good agreement with extrapolation from earlier catalogs. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.; Guiriec, S.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Atwood, W. B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Desiante, R.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; La Mura, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Brandt, T. J.; Careenter, B.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; McEnery, J. E.; Ojha, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Caragiulo, M.; FAvuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, E.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, E.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottagini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Furniss, A. K.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Johnson, A. S.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omdei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottagini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Furniss, A. K.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Johnson, A. S.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omdei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bnino, R.; Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bnino, R.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Britto, R. J.; Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.; Salvetti, D.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Careenter, B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Finke, J.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] INAF Osservatorio Astronom Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Li, L.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Abrusco, R.; Paggi, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; FAvuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, E.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Fuhrmann, L.; Sokolovsky, K. V.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Itoh, R.; Kawano, T.; Ohno, M.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.; Moiseev, A. A.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.; Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Krauss, F.] Dr Remeis Sternwarte Bamberg, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [La Mura, G.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [La Mura, G.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Leto, C.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Space Sci IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Li, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3 CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Mizuno, T.; Oxsugi, T.; Tanaka, Y.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Phsics & Astron Dept, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Schaal, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Schaal, M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schinzel, F. K.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Sokolovsky, K. V.] Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Torresi, E.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.; Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM elisabetta.cavazzuti@asdc.asi.it; stefano.ciprini@asdc.asi.it; sara.cutini@asdc.asi.it; gasparrini@asdc.asi.it; lott@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; D'Abrusco, Raffaele/L-2767-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Sokolovsky, Kirill/D-2246-2015; Paggi, Alessandro/C-1219-2017; OI Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; D'Abrusco, Raffaele/0000-0003-3073-0605; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sokolovsky, Kirill/0000-0001-5991-6863; Paggi, Alessandro/0000-0002-5646-2410; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; La Mura, Giovanni/0000-0001-8553-499X; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Bonino, Raffaella/0000-0002-4264-1215; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; TORRESI, ELEONORA/0000-0002-5201-010X; Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa/0000-0002-6729-9022 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; National Science Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.r This research has made use of data obtained from the high-energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEA-SARC) provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; the SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of data archives, catalogs, and software tools from the ASDC, a facility managed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Part of this work is based on the NVSS. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions.; The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. NR 118 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 810 IS 1 AR 14 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/14 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS1CT UT WOS:000361800900014 ER PT J AU Comet, N AF Comet, Noah TI Romanticism, Gender, and Violence: Blake to George Sodini SO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Comet, Noah] US Naval Acad, English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Comet, N (reprint author), US Naval Acad, English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0840-6286 EI 1911-0243 J9 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY F JI Eighteenth-Century Fict. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 28 IS 1 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.3138/ecf.2015.28.1.182 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA CS4JP UT WOS:000362042400011 ER PT J AU Taitt, CR Leski, TA Heang, V Ford, GW Prouty, MG Newell, SW Vora, GJ AF Taitt, Chris Rowe Leski, Tomasz A. Heang, Vireak Ford, Gavin W. Prouty, Michael G. Newell, Steven W. Vora, Gary J. TI Antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes from multidrug-resistant bacterial wound infection isolates in Cambodia SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE LA English DT Article DE Wound infection; Cambodia; Pseudomonas; Acinetobacter; Staphylococcus; Enterobacteriaceae ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENES; THAILAND; SWINE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; PREVALENCE; EMERGENCE AB This study aimed to identify the molecular determinants responsible for antibiotic resistance among human wound isolates in Cambodia. Staphylococcus spp. (n = 10) and a variety of Gram-negative isolates (n = 21) were taken from a larger collection of wound isolates collected during 2011-2013 and were analysed for the presence of >230 resistance determinants using a broad-spectrum DNA microarray. These isolates were chosen to represent the species most commonly found in wound isolates referred during this time and to include some of the most resistant strains. Resistance determinants detected among the staphylococci included blaZ (90%), mecA (100%), erm(B) (70%), erm(C) (20%), tet(38) (90%), tet(K) (40%), tet(L-p) (10%), tet(M) (20%), Inu(A)/lin(A) and Inu(B)/lin(B) (10% each), msr(A)/msr(B)/msr(SA) (10%), norA (80%) and dfrA (10%). Eleven different beta-lactamase genes were detected among the Gram-negative bacteria, including genes encoding the TEM (48%), CTX-M-1 (48%), CTX-M-9 (5%), SHV (5%) and VEB (10%) families of broad-spectrum and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes, as well as the carbapenemase gene bla(OXA-23). Forty additional genes were also detected in the Gram-negative isolates conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (11 genes), phenicols (5 genes), macrolides [4 genes, including mph(A)/mph(K) (10%)], lincosamides [Inu(F)Ilin(F), Inu(G)Ilin(G)1, tetracycline (4 genes), rifampicin [arr (29%)], quaternary amines [qacE Delta 1 (43%)], quinolones [qnrS (14%) and qnrB (5%)], sulfonamides [sul1 (29%), sul2 (38%) and sul3 (10%)], streptothricin (sat2) and trimethoprim (6 genes). The results obtained here provide a snapshot of the broad variety of resistance determinants currently circulating within Cambodia. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. C1 [Taitt, Chris Rowe; Leski, Tomasz A.; Vora, Gary J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heang, Vireak; Ford, Gavin W.; Prouty, Michael G.; Newell, Steven W.] US Naval Med Res Unit 2 NAMRU 2, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597; Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 FU Defense Medical Research and Development Program; Office of Naval Research; US Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center - Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Operations [2 (NAMRU-2)] FX This work was supported by the Defense Medical Research and Development Program, the Office of Naval Research and the US Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center - Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Operations to the US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 (NAMRU-2). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2213-7165 EI 2213-7173 J9 J GLOB ANTIMICROB RE JI J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.jgar.2015.05.006 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CS5XV UT WOS:000362152500007 PM 27873709 ER PT J AU Belkin, IM Helber, RW AF Belkin, Igor M. Helber, Robert W. TI Physical oceanography of fronts: An editorial SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EDGE-DETECTION; OCEAN FRONTS; SST IMAGES C1 [Belkin, Igor M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Helber, Robert W.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Belkin, IM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM igormbelkin@gmail.com; robert.helber@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 119 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.004 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CR8DK UT WOS:000361581100001 ER PT J AU Gerth, WA AF Gerth, Wayne A. TI On diver thermal status and susceptibility to decompression sickness SO DIVING AND HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE Decompression sickness; hypothermia; risk factors; letters (to the Editor) C1 US Navy Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. RP Gerth, WA (reprint author), US Navy Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. EM wayne.a.gerth@navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTH PACIFIC UNDERWATER MED SOC PI MELBOURNE PA C/O AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND COLL ANAESTHETISTS, 630 ST KILDA RD, MELBOURNE, VIC 3004, AUSTRALIA SN 1833-3516 J9 DIVING HYPERB MED JI Diving Hyperb. Med. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 45 IS 3 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CR9RL UT WOS:000361694200010 PM 26415073 ER PT J AU Hartman, JR Dahm, DJ Nelson, EA AF Hartman, JudithAnn R. Dahm, Donald J. Nelson, Eric A. TI ConfChem Conference on Flipped Classroom: Time-Saving Resources Aligned with Cognitive Science To Help Instructors SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE General Public; High School/Introductory Chemistry; First-Year Undergraduate/General; Curriculum; Problem Solving/Decision Making Learning Theories AB Studies in cognitive science have verified that working memory (where the brain solves problems) can manipulate nearly all elements of knowledge that can be recalled automatically from long-term memory, but only a few elements that have not previously been well memorized. Research in reading comprehension has found that "lecture notes with clicker questions" can move a portion of lecture content to homework. By applying these findings to the design of homework-tutorials for students, under the right conditions, we found that time for active learning during lecture increased and student achievement measurably improved. Factors that have affected the outcome of our experiments are discussed. This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the ConfChem online conference Flipped Classroom, held from May 9 to June 12, 2014 and hosted by the ACS DivCHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education (CCCE). C1 [Hartman, JudithAnn R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dahm, Donald J.] Rowan Univ, Dept Chem, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. [Nelson, Eric A.] Fairfax Cty Publ Sch, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. RP Nelson, EA (reprint author), Fairfax Cty Publ Sch, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM EANelson@ChemReview.Net RI 向飞, 郭/A-1604-2016 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 EI 1938-1328 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1568 EP 1569 DI 10.1021/ed5009156 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA CR8DB UT WOS:000361580200027 ER PT J AU Harwood, JF Arimoto, H Nunn, P Richardson, AG Obenauer, PJ AF Harwood, James F. Arimoto, Hanayo Nunn, Peter Richardson, Alec G. Obenauer, Peter J. TI ASSESSING CARBON DIOXIDE AND SYNTHETIC LURE-BAITED TRAPS FOR DENGUE AND CHIKUNGUNYA VECTOR SURVEILLANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light trap; BG-Sentinel 2; BG-Mosquitito Trap; Zumba Trap ID ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; FLORIDA; YEAST; SUBURBAN AB The Aedes mosquito vectors of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are attracted to specific host cues that are not generated by traditional light traps. For this reason multiple companies have designed traps to specifically target those species. Recently the standard trap for DENV and CHIKV vectors, the BG-Sentinel (BGS) trap, has been remodeled to be more durable and better suited for use in harsh field conditions, common during military operations, and relabeled the BG-Sentinel 2 (BGS2). This new trap was evaluated against the standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap, Zumba Trap, and BG-Mosquitito Trap to determine relative effectiveness in collecting adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Evaluations were conducted under semifield and field conditions in suburban areas in northeastern Florida from May to August 2014. The BGS2 trap collected more DENV and CHIKV vectors than the standard CDC light trap, Zumba Trap, and BG-Mosquitito Trap, but attracted fewer species, while the BG-Mosquitito Trap attracted the greatest number of mosquito species. C1 [Harwood, James F.; Arimoto, Hanayo; Nunn, Peter; Richardson, Alec G.] Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Obenauer, Peter J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. RP Harwood, JF (reprint author), Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Naval Air Stn, Bldg 937, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. FU Deployed War Fighter Protection Research Program FX Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a US Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. We thank M. McDonough, J. Knapp, B. Turnwall, D. Spatola, K. Justice, and W. Adamec for assisting in collecting and identifying specimens. This project was supported through funding from the Deployed War Fighter Protection Research Program. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 242 EP 247 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CR7VZ UT WOS:000361561200005 PM 26375905 ER PT J AU Magno, R Glaser, ER Podpirka, A Culbertson, JC AF Magno, Richard Glaser, Evan R. Podpirka, Adrian Culbertson, James C. TI Growth and optimization of InxGayAl1-x-ySb buffer layers for electronic and optoelectronic applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSISTORS; SUBSTRATE; DEVICES; DIODES; GASB AB In(x)GayAl(1-x-y)Sb alloys have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy for use as a buffer layer for growing semiconductors on GaAs substrates with lattice constants beyond that of AlSb. This is an extension of the use of In(x)GayAl(1-x-y)Sb alloys to accommodate for the lattice mismatch with semi-insulating GaAs substrates. The growth of In0.21Ga0.19Al0.6Sb with a 6.2 angstrom lattice constant on semi-insulating GaAs substrates is the focus of this work. Several measures of the quality of a 1 mu m-thick In0.21Ga0.19Al0.6Sb layer improved when the growth temperature was increased from 460 to 600 degrees C. Atomic force microscopy root-mean-square values decreased from 2.9 to 1.8 nm and the peak-to-valley values decreased from 17.7 to 9.7 nm. In addition, double crystal x-ray diffraction omega-2 Theta spectra linewidths decreased from 568 to 482 arc sec. At the lower growth temperatures, several photoluminescence (PL) peaks associated with radiative recombination from regions with different alloy compositions were found. However, on increasing the growth temperature a single PL line was observed, strongly suggesting a more uniform alloy composition. C1 [Magno, Richard; Glaser, Evan R.; Podpirka, Adrian; Culbertson, James C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Evan.Glaser@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank I. R. Sellers (University of Oklahoma) and Chase T. Ellis (NRL) for many helpful discussion and additional low-temperature PL measurements of some of the samples investigated in these studies. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 AR 051219 DI 10.1116/1.4931029 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CS1NN UT WOS:000361833200023 ER PT J AU Metzler, D Weilnboeck, F Hernandez, SC Walton, SG Bruce, RL Engelmann, S Salamanca-Riba, L Oehrlein, GS AF Metzler, Dominik Weilnboeck, Florian Hernandez, Sandra C. Walton, Scott G. Bruce, Robert L. Engelmann, Sebastian Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes Oehrlein, Gottlieb S. TI Formation of nanometer-thick delaminated amorphous carbon layer by two-step plasma processing of methacrylate-based polymer SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; 193 NM PHOTORESIST; ION-BOMBARDMENT; CROSS-LINKING; PMMA; CHEMISTRY; RESIST AB The authors show that extended He plasma pretreatment (PPT) of methacrylate-based 193 nm photoresist (PR) material in conjunction with a subsequent biased Ar plasma treatment can lead to blister formation at the polymer surface due to delamination of an ultrathin, ion-induced, dense, amorphous carbon (DAC) layer formed by low energy ion bombardment. For our experimental conditions, the delaminated layer is 1-2 nm thick and primarily composed of sp(2)-hybrized amorphous carbon. A He or Ar plasma process alone will not lead to this phenomenon, and so far the authors have only observed it for a methacrylate polymer. A possible mechanism of the formation of the ultrathin layer that is consistent with all observations is as follows: During He plasma pretreatment, volatile species are produced by ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet radiation-induced photolysis of the polymer pendant groups, e.g., adamantyl and chain-scissioning of the polymer backbone to a depth of greater than 100 nm. While volatile products formed close to the polymer surface can diffuse out during He PPT, those formed deep within the polymer bulk cannot and their concentration will become significant for extended He PPT. During the biased Ar plasma treatment step, a DAC surface layer is generated by Ar+ ion bombardment within the first seconds of plasma exposure. The thickness is dependent on ion energy and in the range of one to several nanometers. This layer appears to be impermeable to gaseous products formed in the PR material. Thus, volatile species diffusing to the surface can accumulate underneath the DAC layer, causing a loss of adhesion and subsequent delamination of this layer from the PR bulk film. The authors also report surface and electrical characterizations of the ultrathin DAC layer using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and two-point probe techniques. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Metzler, Dominik; Weilnboeck, Florian; Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes; Oehrlein, Gottlieb S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hernandez, Sandra C.; Walton, Scott G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bruce, Robert L.; Engelmann, Sebastian] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Metzler, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM oehrlein@umd.edu RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009; Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403; Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 FU Semiconductor Research Corporation [2071.004]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science Contract [DE-SC0001939]; Naval Research Laboratory base program FX The authors thank Andrew Knoll, Nick Fox-Lyon, Adam Pranda, and Elliot Bartis for collaboration and helpful insights and discussion on this project. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work by Semiconductor Research Corporation under Task No. 2071.004. This work was also supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science Contract No. DE-SC0001939 and the Naval Research Laboratory base program. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 AR 051601 DI 10.1116/1.4928493 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CS1NN UT WOS:000361833200024 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, Jason TI New World Drama: The Performative Commons in the Atlantic World, 1649-1849 SO MODERN DRAMA LA English DT Book Review C1 [Shaffer, Jason] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0026-7694 EI 1712-5286 J9 MOD DRAMA JI Mod. Drama PD FAL PY 2015 VL 58 IS 3 BP 396 EP 398 PG 3 WC Theater SC Theater GA CR8LO UT WOS:000361603900008 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Prevosto, D Labardi, M Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Prevosto, D. Labardi, M. Roland, C. M. TI Effect of Interface Interaction on the Segmental Dynamics of Poly(vinyl acetate) Investigated by Local Dielectric Spectroscopy SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; FORCE MICROSCOPY; BULK BEHAVIOR; T-G; CONFINEMENT; NANOSCALE; RELAXATION; LIQUIDS; DEVIATIONS AB The segmental dynamics of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) thin films were measured in the presence of an aluminum interface and in contact with an incompatible polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine). The local dielectric relaxation was found to be faster in thin films than in the bulk; however, no differences were observed for the various interfaces, including a PVAc/air interface. These results show that capping of thin films, even with a rigid material, does not necessarily affect the dynamics, the speeding up herein for capped PVAc was equivalent to that for the air interface. The insensitivity of the dynamics to the nature of the interface affords a means to engineer thin films while maintaining desired mechanical properties. Our findings for PVAc also may explain the discordant results that have been reported in general for the effect of air versus rigid interfaces on the local segmental relaxation of thin films. C1 [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Prevosto, D.; Labardi, M.] CNR, IPCF, UOS Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM riccardo.casalini@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [332] FX The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research, in part by code 332. The authors thank Marco Bianucci for the technical support with the LDS. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1022 EP 1026 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00488 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CR5ZX UT WOS:000361424000033 ER PT J AU Diaz, SA Malonoski, AP Susumu, K Hofele, RV Oh, E Medintz, IL AF Diaz, Sebastian A. Malonoski, Anthony P. Susumu, Kimihiro Hofele, Romina V. Oh, Eunkeu Medintz, Igor L. TI Probing the kinetics of quantum dot-based proteolytic sensors SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Proteases; Quantumdot; FRET; Enzyme; Sensor; Michaelis-Menten ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CHEMOSELECTIVE LIGATION; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; TRANSFER RELAY; SURFACE; FLUORESCENCE; PROTEASES; LIGANDS AB As an enzyme superfamily, proteases are rivaled only by kinases in terms of their abundance within the human genome. Two ratiometric quantum dot (QD) Forster resonance energy transfer-based sensors designed to monitor the activity of the proteolytic enzymes collagenase and elastase are investigated here. Given the unique material constraints of these sensing constructs, assays are realized utilizing excess enzyme and fixed substrate in progress curve format to yield enzyme specificity or k (cat)/K (m) ratios. The range of k (cat)/K-m values derived is 0.5-1.1 mM(-1) s(-1) for the collagenase sensor and 3.7-4.2 mM(-1) s(-1) for the elastase sensor. Of greater interest is the observation that the elastase sensor can be well represented by the Michaelis-Menten model while the collagenase sensor cannot. The latter demonstrates increased specificity at higher peptide substrate/QD loading values and an apparent QD-caused reversible inhibition as the reaction progresses. Understanding the detailed kinetic mechanisms that underpin these types of sensors will be important especially for their further quantitative utilization. C1 [Diaz, Sebastian A.; Malonoski, Anthony P.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Oh, Eunkeu] US Navy, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Oh, Eunkeu] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Hofele, Romina V.] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Bioanalyt Mass Spectrometry Grp, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Diaz, Sebastian/0000-0002-5568-0512 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 407 IS 24 BP 7307 EP 7318 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8892-y PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CR5PT UT WOS:000361396300006 PM 26215169 ER PT J AU Luo, FF Wang, Q Yin, CL Ge, YL Hu, FL Huang, B Zhou, H Bao, GH Wang, B Lu, RL Li, ZZ AF Luo, Feifei Wang, Qian Yin, Chunlin Ge, Yinglu Hu, Fenglin Huang, Bo Zhou, Hong Bao, Guanhu Wang, Bin Lu, Ruili Li, Zengzhi TI Differential metabolic responses of Beauveria bassiana cultured in pupae extracts, root exudates and its interactions with insect and plant SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B. bassiana; Metabolomics; Pupae extract; Root exudate; Cross-talk; Adaptation ID PATHOGEN STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; ASCOMYCOTA HYPOCREALES; CONIOTHYRIUM-MINITANS; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; ASEXUAL SPORULATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO AB Beauveria bassiana is a kind of world-wide entomopathogenic fungus and can also colonize plant rhizosphere. Previous researches showed differential expression of genes when entomopathogenic fungi are cultured in insect or plant materials. However, so far there is no report on metabolic alterations of B. bassiana in the environments of insect or plant. The purpose of this paper is to address this problem. Herein, we first provide the metabolomic analysis of B. bassiana cultured in insect pupae extracts (derived from Euproctis pseudoconspersa and Bombyx mori, EPP and BMP), plant root exudates (derived from asparagus and carrot, ARE and CRE), distilled water and minimal media (MM), respectively. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that mycelia cultured in pupae extracts and root exudates are evidently separated and individually separated from MM, which indicates that fungus accommodates to insect and plant environments by different metabolic regulation mechanisms. Subsequently, orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identifies differential metabolites in fungus under three environments relative to MM. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) is performed to cluster compounds based on biochemical relationships, showing that sphingolipids are increased in BMP but are decreased in EPP. This observation further implies that sphingolipid metabolism may be involved in the adaptation of fungus to different hosts. In the meantime, sphingolipids are significantly decreased in root exudates but they are not decreased in distilled water, suggesting that some components of the root exudates can suppress sphingolipid to down-regulate sphingolipid metabolism. Pathway analysis finds that fatty acid metabolism is maintained at high level but non-ribosomal peptides (NRP) synthesis is unaffected in mycelia cultured in pupae extracts. In contrast, fatty acid metabolism is not changed but NRP synthesis is high in mycelia cultured in root exudates and distilled water. This indicates that fungal fatty acid metabolism is enhanced when contacting insect, but when in the absence of insect hosts NRP synthesis is increased. Ornithine, arginine and GABA are decreased in mycelia cultured in pupae extracts and root exudates but remain unchanged in distilled water, which suggests that they may be associated with fungal cross-talk with insects and plants. Trehalose and mannitol are decreased while adenine is increased in three conditions, signifying carbon shortage in cells. Together, these results unveil that B. bassiana has differential metabolic responses in pupae extracts and root exudates, and metabolic similarity in root exudates and distilled water is possibly due to the lack of insect components. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Luo, Feifei; Wang, Qian; Yin, Chunlin; Ge, Yinglu; Hu, Fenglin; Huang, Bo; Bao, Guanhu; Wang, Bin; Lu, Ruili; Li, Zengzhi] Anhui Agr Univ, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. [Luo, Feifei] Shanghai Inst Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Hong] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hu, FL (reprint author), West Changjiang Rd 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM hufenglin@hotmail.com; luruili@ahau.edu.cn FU China National Science Foundation [30871676, 3147822]; foundation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Anhui Province [1408085MC46, KJ2012A107] FX This work was financially supported by China National Science Foundation (30871676 and 3147822), the foundation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Anhui Province (Nos. 1408085MC46, and KJ2012A107). NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 130 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2015.01.003 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CR3UO UT WOS:000361258800023 PM 25584432 ER PT J AU Major, KJ Poutous, MK Ewing, KJ Dunnill, KF Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Major, Kevin J. Poutous, Menelaos K. Ewing, Kenneth J. Dunnill, Kevin F. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. TI Optical Filter Selection for High Confidence Discrimination of Strongly Overlapping Infrared Chemical Spectra SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; PREDICTIVE SPECTROSCOPY; EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; STANDOFF DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; DESIGN; CLASSIFICATION; KROMOSCOPY; RESIDUES AB Optical filter-based chemical sensing techniques provide a new avenue to develop low-cost infrared sensors. These methods utilize multiple infrared optical filters to selectively measure different response functions for various chemicals, dependent on each chemical's infrared absorption. Rather than identifying distinct spectral features, which can then be used to determine the identity of a target chemical, optical filter-based approaches rely on measuring differences in the ensemble response between la given filter set and specific chemicals of interest. Therefore, the results of such methods are highly dependent on the original optical filter choice, which will dictate the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of any filter-based sensing method, Recently, a method has been developed that utilizes unique detection vector operations defined by optical multifilter responses, to discriminate between volatile chemical vapors. This method, comparative-discrimination spectral detection (CDSD), is a technique Which employs broadband optical filters to selectively discriminate between chemicals with highly overlapping infrared absorption spectra. CDSD has been shown to correctly distinguish between similar chemicals in the carbon hydrogen stretch region of the infrared absorption spectra from 2800-3100 cm(-1). A key challenge to this approach is how to determine Which optical filter sets should be utilized to achieve the greatest discrimination between target chemicals. Previous studies used empirical approaches to select the optical filter set; however this is insufficient to determine the optimum selectivity between strongly overlapping chemical spectra. Here we present a numerical approach to systematically study the effects of filter positioning and bandwidth on a number of three-chemical systems. We describe how both the filter properties, as well as the chemicals in each set, affect the CDSD results and subsequent discrimination. These results demonstrate the importance of choosing the proper filter set and chemicals for comparative discrimination, in order to identify the target chemical of interest in the presence of closely matched chemical interferents. These findings are an integral step in the development of experimental prototype sensors, which will utilize CDSD. C1 [Major, Kevin J.; Poutous, Menelaos K.; Dunnill, Kevin F.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Ewing, Kenneth J.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Major, KJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM kmajor@uncc.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000141310208] FX This work was supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research (Award Number: N000141310208). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 17 BP 8798 EP 8808 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01723 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CQ7HH UT WOS:000360773100030 PM 26266761 ER PT J AU McNamara, P Minsky, A Pae, V Harris, E Pace-Schott, E Auerbach, S AF McNamara, Patrick Minsky, April Pae, Victoria Harris, Erica Pace-Schott, Edward Auerbach, Sanford TI Aggression in Nightmares and Unpleasant Dreams and in People Reporting Recurrent Nightmares SO DREAMING LA English DT Article DE nightmares; content analysis; sex differences; dreams; aggression ID SLEEP; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS AB We used unique data sets from Dreamboard and Survey Monkey to test the hypothesis that aggression levels would vary significantly with content of recurrent nightmares, nonrecurrent nightmares, and unpleasant dreams. Exactly 475 nightmares and 433 unpleasant dreams were collected from Dreamboard users, while 135 nightmares were collected from individuals who reported having recurrent nightmares via a SurveyMonkey survey. Results demonstrated that physical aggression and anxiety levels were significantly higher for nightmares from individuals who reported recurrent nightmares relative to nightmares from people not reporting recurrent nightmares who in turn reported nightmares, which evidenced higher physical aggression levels relative to unpleasant dreams. Use of personal pronouns, verbs, and social terms were significantly reduced in recurrent nightmares relative to regular nightmares and unpleasant dreams. Aggressors were most often supernatural agents in recurrent nightmares; unfamiliar males in regular nightmares and familiar males in unpleasant dreams. Physical aggression against the dreamer was the most common theme in nightmares while interpersonal conflict was the most common theme in unpleasant dreams. Nightmares associated with awakenings evidenced significantly higher levels of aggression relative to nightmares not associated with awakenings. People with recurrent nightmares were 3 times more likely to report a relative on their maternal side with recurrent nightmares. We conclude that levels of physical aggression within the dream and targeted against the dreamer distinguishes recurrent from nonrecurrent nightmares and unpleasant dreams. C1 [McNamara, Patrick; Auerbach, Sanford] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [McNamara, Patrick] Northcent Univ, Grad Sch, Prescott Valley, AZ USA. [Minsky, April] VA New England Hlth Care Syst, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Pae, Victoria] Boston Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Harris, Erica] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth & Behav Sci 163, San Diego, CA USA. [Pace-Schott, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pace-Schott, Edward] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP McNamara, P (reprint author), VA New England Hlth Care Syst, Dept Neurol, 150 South Huntington Ave,A9-45, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM mcnamar@bu.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1053-0797 EI 1573-3351 J9 DREAMING JI Dreaming PD SEP PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 190 EP 205 DI 10.1037/a0039273 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA CR0EW UT WOS:000360992200002 ER PT J AU Rose, PS Smith, JP Aller, RC Cochran, JK Swanson, RL Coffin, RB AF Rose, Paula S. Smith, Joseph P. Aller, Robert C. Cochran, J. Kirk Swanson, R. Lawrence Coffin, Richard B. TI Medically-Derived I-131 as a Tool for Investigating the Fate of Wastewater Nitrogen in Aquatic Environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTOMAC RIVER ESTUARY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; IODINE SPECIATION; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE; RADIONUCLIDES; ISOTOPES; NITRATE; CARBON; IODATE AB Medically derived I-131 (t(1/2) = 8.04 d) is discharged from water pollution control plants (WPCPs) in sewage effluent. Iodine's nutrient-like behavior and the source-specificity of I-131 make this radionuclide a potentially valuable tracer in wastewater nitrogen studies. Iodine-I-131 was measured in Potomac River water and sediments in the vicinity of the Blue Plains WPCP, Washington, DC, USA. Dissolved I-131 showed a strong, positive correlation with delta N-15 values of nitrate (delta(NO3-)-N-15) in the river, the latter being a traditional indicator of nutrient inputs and recycling. Surface water delta(NO3-)-N-15 values ranged from 8.7 to 33.4 parts per thousand; NO3- + NO2- concentrations were 0.39-2.79 mg N L-1 (26-186 mu M). Sediment profiles of particulate I-131 and delta N-15 indicate rapid mixing or sedimentation and in many cases remineralization Of a heavy nitrogen source consistent with wastewater nitrogen. Values of delta N-15 in sediments ranged from 4.7 to 9.3 parts per thousand. This work introduces I-131 as a tool to investigate the short-term fate of wastewater nitrogen in the Potomac River and demonstrates the general utility of I-131 in aquatic research. C1 [Rose, Paula S.; Aller, Robert C.; Cochran, J. Kirk; Swanson, R. Lawrence] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rose, Paula S.] US Naval Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem, SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smith, Joseph P.; Coffin, Richard B.] US Naval Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose, PS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM paula.rose@tamucc.edu FU NSF OCE [1332418]; DC Water FX We thank Tom Boyd and Rebecca Plummer at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory for help with sample collection and analysis, and David Hirschberg at Stony Brook University for the nutrient analyses. We also thank Bob Michener at the Stable Isotope Laboratory at Boston University for performing the nitrate analyses. R.C.A. was supported by NSF OCE 1332418. We recognize the support of P.S.R. by DC Water through their internship program. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 17 BP 10312 EP 10319 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00189 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ7HM UT WOS:000360773600006 PM 26008140 ER PT J AU Barrett, BS Henderson, GR Werling, JS AF Barrett, Bradford S. Henderson, Gina R. Werling, Joshua S. TI The Influence of the MJO on the Intraseasonal Variability of Northern Hemisphere Spring Snow Depth SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION RESPONSE; WARM-SEASON PRECIPITATION; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; BOREAL WINTER; STREAMFLOW FORECASTS; TROPICAL CONVECTION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION AB Intraseasonal variability in springtime Northern Hemisphere daily snow depth change (Delta SD) by phase of the MJO was explored in this study. Principal findings of the relationship between Delta SD and the MJO included the following: 1) Statistically significant regions of lagged Delta SD anomalies for multiple phases of the MJO were found in March, April, and May in both North America and Eurasia. 2) In each month, lagged Delta SD anomalies were physically supported by corresponding lagged anomalies of 500-hPa height (Z500) and surface air temperature (SAT). Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated a moderate to strong relationship between both Z500 and Delta SD and SAT and Delta SD in both Eurasia and North America for phases 5 and 7 in March. In April, a moderately strong relationship between Z500 and Delta SD was found over Eurasia for phase 5, but the relationship between SAT and Delta SD was weak. In May, correlations between Delta SD and both Z500 and SAT over a hemisphere-wide latitude band from 60 degrees to 75 degrees N were close to -0.5 and -0.4, respectively. Given the strength of these statistical relationships, the following physical pathway is proposed for intraseasonal variability of spring snow depth changes: poleward-propagating Rossby waves in response to tropical MJO convection interact with Northern Hemisphere background flow, leading to anomalous troughing and ridging. These anomalous circulation centers then impact daily snow depth change via precipitation processes and anomalies in surface air temperature. C1 [Barrett, Bradford S.; Henderson, Gina R.; Werling, Joshua S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barrett, BS (reprint author), 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bbarrett@usna.edu FU National Science Foundation [PLR-1203843] FX This work was partially sponsored by National Science Foundation Award PLR-1203843. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and feedback. NR 88 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 28 IS 18 BP 7250 EP 7262 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0092.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR0TT UT WOS:000361036800015 ER PT J AU Kriebel, DL Geiman, JD Henderson, GR AF Kriebel, David L. Geiman, Joseph D. Henderson, Gina R. TI Future Flood Frequency under Sea-Level Rise Scenarios SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea-level rise acceleration; storm surge; statistics AB The effect of sea-level rise (SLR) on exceedance probabilities for annual flooding at coastal locations is explored in this paper. We assess four future SLR scenarios given by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and how these SLR scenarios affect monthly flooding statistics. Focusing on one case site, Annapolis, Maryland, we fit the probability density function of the monthly maximum tide gauge record with a Pareto-tail distribution. Random sampling from this distribution is then performed on top of the various future SLR scenarios. Exceedance probabilities for a storm tide to exceed the coastal flood stage, the elevation of which has already been established in a previous paper, are then calculated from the interpolated Pareto cumulative distribution. We illustrate that even mild increases in mean sea level acceleration lead to drastically higher exceedance probabilities of coastal flooding. C1 [Kriebel, David L.; Geiman, Joseph D.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Henderson, Gina R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Henderson, GR (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM ghenders@usna.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1078 EP 1083 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00190.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CQ9LL UT WOS:000360936200004 ER PT J AU Brown, JA MacMahan, JH Reniers, AJHM Thornton, EB AF Brown, Jenna A. MacMahan, Jamie H. Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Thornton, Ed B. TI Field Observations of Surf Zone-Inner Shelf Exchange on a Rip-Channeled Beach SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FINITE DEPTH; WAVE-DRIVEN; CURRENTS; UNDERTOW; FLOW; TRANSPORT; DRIFTERS; MOTIONS AB Cross-shore exchange between the surf zone and the inner shelf is investigated using Lagrangian and Eulerian field measurements of rip current flows on a rip-channeled beach in Sand City, California. Surface drifters released on the inner shelf during weak wind conditions moved seaward due to rip current pulses and then returned shoreward in an arcing pattern, reentering the surf zone over shoals. The cross-shore velocities of the seaward- and shoreward-moving drifters were approximately equal in magnitude and decreased as a function of distance offshore. The drifters carried seaward by the rip current had maximum cross-shore velocities as they exited the surf zone and then decelerated as they moved offshore. The drifters moving shoreward accelerated as they approached the surfzone boundary with maximum cross-shore velocities as they reentered the surf zone over shoals. It was found that Stokes drift was not solely responsible for the onshore transport across the surfzone boundary. The cross-shore diffusivity on the inner shelf was greatest during observations of locally contained cross-shore exchange. These field observations provide evidence that the cross-shore exchange between the surf zone and inner shelf on a rip-channeled beach is due to wave-driven rip current circulations and results in surface material being contained within the nearshore region. C1 [Brown, Jenna A.; MacMahan, Jamie H.; Thornton, Ed B.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Reniers, Ad J. H. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Hydraul Engn, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. RP Brown, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jennabrown@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-0926750, OCE-0926750]; Office of Naval Research [ONR DURIP N0001409WR20268]; Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF OCE-0926750), and the instrumentation used during the field work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR DURIP N0001409WR20268). J. Brown was supported by the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship and by NSF OCE-0926750. We thank the many people who assisted in collecting the field data: Edie Gallagher, Keith Wyckoff, Ron Cowen, Bill Swick, Ian Smithgall, and Clement Gandon. We would also like to thank our reviewers and Falk Feddersen for their comments and contribution in improving this manuscript. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 45 IS 9 BP 2339 EP 2355 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0118.1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CR0TQ UT WOS:000361036500010 ER PT J AU Lovering, ME Heaton, KJ Banderet, LE Neises, K Andrews, J Cohen, BS AF Lovering, Meghan E. Heaton, Kristin J. Banderet, Louis E. Neises, Kameran Andrews, James Cohen, Bruce S. TI Psychological and Physical Characteristics of US Marine Recruits SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marines; training; psychological factors; physical factors ID SENSATION SEEKING; MILITARY RECRUITS; NAVY ATTRITION; PREDICTORS; HARDINESS; ARMY; GRIT; RELIABILITY; INJURIES; VALIDITY AB This study examined psychological and physical health factors in a cohort of U.S. Marine recruits with the goal of developing a comprehensive understanding of attributes recruits bring to training. 1,350 male recruits completed a multimeasure survey during the first week of training. A 2-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to explore the relationship of hardiness dimensions on several psychological and physical factors. Compared with other military samples, this cohort reported similar levels on hardiness control and rigidity subscales. Recruits who reported higher scores on a measure of positive hardiness also reported higher scores on measures of grit, grit ambition, sensation seeking, training expectations, positive ways of coping, physical and mental health, fitness scores, and lower scores on a measure of depression. This study provides a more complete understanding of the complex array of attributes of Marine recruits and forms a foundation for predictive models of injury risk and/or attrition. C1 [Lovering, Meghan E.; Heaton, Kristin J.; Banderet, Louis E.; Cohen, Bruce S.] US Army Res Inst Environm Med, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Heaton, Kristin J.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Neises, Kameran; Andrews, James] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lovering, ME (reprint author), US Army Res Inst Environm Med, Mil Performance Div, 15 Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM meghan.e.lovering.ctr@mail.mil FU Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine FX The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author(s) and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Army Medical Research Materiel Command (USAMRMC). The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Stephanie Booth-Kewley, James Reading, and Christian Hansen, Commanding Officer of MCRD San Diego for lending their expertise with this paper. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 20 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 27 IS 5 BP 261 EP 275 DI 10.1037/mil0000082 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA CR1DL UT WOS:000361063300001 ER PT J AU Northern, JH O'Hagan, S Fletcher, B Gras, B Ewart, P Kim, CS Kim, M Merritt, CD Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Northern, J. H. O'Hagan, S. Fletcher, B. Gras, B. Ewart, P. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Merritt, C. D. Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Mid-infrared multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers for multi-species sensing SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-ANALYSIS; DIODE-LASER; TEMPERATURE AB An interband cascade laser (ICL) operating at 3.7 mu m has been used to perform multimode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, at scan rates up to 10 kHz. Line widths of individual modes in the range 10-80 MHz were derived from isolated lines in the MUMAS signatures of HCl. MUMAS data for methane covering a spectral range of 30 nm yielded a detection level of 30 mu bar.m for 1 s measurement time at 100 Hz. Simultaneous detection of methane, acetylene, and formaldehyde in a gas mixture containing all three species is reported. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Northern, J. H.; O'Hagan, S.; Fletcher, B.; Ewart, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Gras, B.] Ecole Natl Super Ingn CAEN, F-14050 Caen, France. [Kim, C. S.; Merritt, C. D.; Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Ewart, P (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM p.ewart@physics.ox.ac.uk FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/K029460/1] FX Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/K029460/1). NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 17 BP 4186 EP 4189 DI 10.1364/OL.40.004186 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CQ7UM UT WOS:000360810200067 PM 26368743 ER PT J AU Legler, PM Soojhawon, I Millard, CB AF Legler, Patricia M. Soojhawon, Iswarduth Millard, Charles B. TI A conformational change in the peripheral anionic site of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase induced by a bis-imidazolium oxime SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; peripheral anionic site; allosterism; oxime; organophosphate ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PYRIDINIUM OXIMES; NERVE AGENTS; INHIBITED ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; REACTIVATION KINETICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; WHOLE-BLOOD; CHOLINESTERASE; EFFICACY AB As part of ongoing efforts to design improved nerve agent antidotes, two X-ray crystal structures of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (TcAChE) bound to the bis-pyridinium oxime, Ortho-7, or its experimental bis-imidazolium analogue, 2BIM-7, were determined. Bis-oximes contain two oxime groups connected by a hydrophobic linker. One oxime group of Ortho-7 binds at the entrance to the active-site gorge near Trp279, and the second binds at the bottom near Trp84 and Phe330. In the Ortho-7-TcAChE complex the oxime at the bottom of the gorge was directed towards the nucleophilic Ser200. In contrast, the oxime group of 2BIM-7 was rotated away from Ser200 and the oxime at the entrance induced a significant conformational change in the peripheral anionic site (PAS) residue Trp279. The conformational change alters the surface of the PAS and positions the imidazolium oxime of 2BIM-7 further from Ser200. The relatively weaker binding and poorer reactivation of VXinhibited, tabun-inhibited or sarin-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase by 2BIM-7 compared with Ortho-7 may in part be owing to the unproductively bound states caught in crystallo. Overall, the reactivation efficiency of 2BIM-7 was comparable to that of 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (2-PAM), but unlike 2-PAM the bis-imidazolium oxime lacks a fixed charge, which may affect its membrane permeability. C1 [Legler, Patricia M.] US Naval Res Lab, CBMSE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Soojhawon, Iswarduth] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Millard, Charles B.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Legler, PM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, CBMSE, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patricia.legler@nrl.navy.mil FU US Defense Threat Reduction Agency JSTO [E0036_08_WR_C]; Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 base FX This work was funded by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency JSTO award E0036_08_WR_C to (CBM) and the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 base funding. The opinions or assertions contained herein belong to the authors and are not necessarily the official views of the US Army, the US Navy or the US Department of Defense. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2059-7983 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Struct. Biol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 71 BP 1788 EP 1798 DI 10.1107/S1399004715011281 PN 9 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA CQ5OH UT WOS:000360654300001 PM 26327369 ER PT J AU Ali, S Laherty, M Laprade, JW Cala, PM Lipschultz, FP Neuhauser, B AF Ali, S. Laherty, M. Laprade, J. W. Cala, P. M. Lipschultz, F. P. Neuhauser, B. TI A portable shield for a neutron howitzer used for instructional and research purposes SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE MCNP5; (PuBe)-Pu-239; Neutron howitzer; Gamma shield; Neutron shield AB Neutron howitzers are routinely used in universities to activate samples for instructional laboratory experiments on radioactivity. They are also a convenient source of neutrons and gammas for research purposes, but they must be used with caution. This paper describes the modeling, design, construction, and testing of a portable, economical shield for a 1.0 Curie neutron howitzer. The Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code (MCNP5) has been used to model the (PuBe)-Pu-239 source and the howitzer and to design the external neutron and gamma shield. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ali, S.; Laprade, J. W.; Cala, P. M.; Lipschultz, F. P.; Neuhauser, B.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Laherty, M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ali, S (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM sali@sfsu.edu FU ORSP-FOA program for facilitating research and creative work at San Francisco State University FX Funding for this project was provided by a grant from the ORSP-FOA program for facilitating research and creative work at San Francisco State University. Professor Jeff Martoff of Temple University warned us about the hazards of working with a neutron howitzer. Mr. Jim Allan and Dr. Amanda Sabourov of SLAC advised and assisted us in early measurements of neutron doses and regularly loaned us a REM Ball. S. All thanks Dr. Jerome Verbeke of LLNL for his valuable inputs. Ms. Linda Vadura, SFSU Radiation Safety Officer, provided information about the 239PuBe source. Dr. Cheryl Hanzlik of Cenco provided us with an operating manual for the neutron howitzer. We are very grateful to Professor Joseph Barranco of SFSU for providing access to the SF-STAR (Super-computer Facility for Space & Terrestrial Advanced Research). Mr. Peter Verdone and Mr. Anthony Kelly of the SFSU Department of Physics and Astronomy assisted in securing the howitzer and providing gamma calibration sources, respectively. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 103 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.05.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CQ3PE UT WOS:000360513900006 PM 26048323 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Keller, TM Ricks-Laskoski, HL Giller, CB Hervey, J AF Laskoski, Matthew Keller, Teddy M. Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L. Giller, Carl B. Hervey, Judson TI Improved Synthesis of Oligomeric Sulfone-Based Phthalonitriles SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high temperature; phthalonitrile; thermoset ID POLYSULFONE PHTHALONITRILES; POLYMERIZATION; COPOLYMERS; MEMBRANES; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; RESINS AB An improved method has been developed to produce an oligomeric sulfonyl-containing phthalonitrile with better processability. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer is prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with 4-(chlorophenyl)sulfone in the presence of a mixed base system (NaOH/K2CO3) in a dimethylsulfoxide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by end-capping with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in a two-step, one-pot reaction. This phthalonitrile resin exhibits lower viscosities than previously reported systems for molding into various shapes. After being thermally cured to yield crosslinked polymers, this sulfonyl-based polymer demonstrates superb mechanical properties and thermo-oxidative stability, absorbs less than 1.0 weight percent water, and maintains good dielectric properties. C1 [Laskoski, Matthew; Keller, Teddy M.; Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giller, Carl B.] Leidos, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hervey, Judson] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU SERDP FX The authors thank SERDP for financial support of this project. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 EI 1521-3935 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYS JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 216 IS 17 BP 1808 EP 1815 DI 10.1002/macp.201500198 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CQ5IM UT WOS:000360637000007 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Wu, DH Bussman, K Qadri, SN AF Qadri, S. B. Wu, D. H. Bussman, K. Qadri, S. N. TI Structural and magnetic properties of indium-gadolinium oxide as a function of temperature SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE indium-gadolinium oxide; magnetic properties; thermal expansion; X-ray diffraction ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; SPECTROSCOPY; FILMS; GD2O3 AB The addition of In2O3 to Gd2O3 results in the formation of solid solutions having the high pressure monoclinic and hexagonal phases of gadolinium oxide. The thermal stability and their thermal expansion coefficients were investigated up to 1000 degrees C using in situ X-ray diffraction. No phase transitions were observed in these samples up to 1000 degrees C. Volume thermal expansion coefficients for the hexagonal and monoclinic phases of bulk Gd2-xInxO3 for x=0.5 and 1.0 showed increasing trend in comparison to the end compound of In2O3. The inverse susceptibility measurements between 300 and 5K showed the linear relationship with temperature consistent with the Curie-Weiss law. The Weis constants were small and negative, indicating a slight degree of anti-ferromagnetic exchange between cations and consistent with the absence of magnetic order down to 5K. C1 [Qadri, S. B.; Wu, D. H.; Bussman, K.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qadri, S. N.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Chem, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM syed.qadri@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 252 IS 9 BP 2020 EP 2023 DI 10.1002/pssb.201552105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CQ5UM UT WOS:000360671200017 ER PT J AU Kennedy, Q Taylor, J Noda, A Yesavage, J Lazzeroni, LC AF Kennedy, Quinn Taylor, Joy Noda, Art Yesavage, Jerome Lazzeroni, Laura C. TI The STEP Model: Characterizing Simultaneous Time Effects on Practice for Flight Simulator Performance Among Middle-Aged and Older Pilots SO PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING LA English DT Article DE practice effects; age; expertise; real-world performance ID INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; EXPERTISE; SKILLS; SELECTION; ADULTS; TESTS AB Understanding the possible effects of the number of practice sessions (practice) and time between practice sessions (interval) among middle-aged and older adults in real-world tasks has important implications for skill maintenance. Prior training and cognitive ability may impact practice and interval effects on real-world tasks. In this study, we took advantage of existing practice data from 5 simulated flights among 263 middle-aged and older pilots with varying levels of flight expertise (defined by U.S. Federal Aviation Administration proficiency ratings). We developed a new Simultaneous Time Effects on Practice (STEP) model: (a) to model the simultaneous effects of practice and interval on performance of the 5 flights, and (b) to examine the effects of selected covariates (i.e., age, flight expertise, and 3 composite measures of cognitive ability). The STEP model demonstrated consistent positive practice effects, negative interval effects, and predicted covariate effects. Age negatively moderated the beneficial effects of practice. Additionally, cognitive processing speed and intraindividual variability (IIV) in processing speed moderated the benefits of practice and/or the negative influence of interval for particular flight performance measures. Expertise did not interact with practice or interval. Results indicated that practice and interval effects occur in simulated flight tasks. However, processing speed and IIV may influence these effects, even among high-functioning adults. Results have implications for the design and assessment of training interventions targeted at middle-aged and older adults for complex real-world tasks. C1 [Kennedy, Quinn] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Kennedy, Quinn] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Taylor, Joy; Yesavage, Jerome] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Taylor, Joy; Yesavage, Jerome] Dept Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Taylor, Joy; Yesavage, Jerome] Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Noda, Art; Lazzeroni, Laura C.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kennedy, Q (reprint author), VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst 151Y, Stanford VA Aviat Lab, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM quinnk@stanford.edu OI Lazzeroni, Laura/0000-0002-1846-6920 FU Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development; Department of Veterans Affairs Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; National Institute on Aging [R37 AG 12713] FX Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, the Department of Veterans Affairs Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the National Institute on Aging (Grant R37 AG 12713). These sponsors solely provided financial support or facilities to conduct the study. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Aging or the National Institutes of Health. We thank Katy Castile, Jake Volz, and Daniel Heraldez for assistance in data preparation. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0882-7974 EI 1939-1498 J9 PSYCHOL AGING JI Psychol. Aging PD SEP PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 699 EP 711 DI 10.1037/pag0000043 PG 13 WC Gerontology; Psychology, Developmental SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA CQ4OY UT WOS:000360585600020 PM 26280383 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Automated Education and the Professional SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 [Denning, Peter J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Denning, Peter J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 2015 VL 58 IS 9 BP 34 EP 36 DI 10.1145/2804248 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CP9KW UT WOS:000360214000014 ER PT J AU Chen, SZ Yang, XD Tian, YL AF Chen, Shizhi Yang, Xiaodong Tian, Yingli TI Discriminative Hierarchical K-Means Tree for Large-Scale Image Classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical K-means tree (HKTree); image classification; large scale; Naive Bayesian nearest neighbor (NBNN); support vector machine (SVM) AB A key challenge in large-scale image classification is how to achieve efficiency in terms of both computation and memory without compromising classification accuracy. The learning-based classifiers achieve the state-of-the-art accuracies, but have been criticized for the computational complexity that grows linearly with the number of classes. The nonparametric nearest neighbor (NN)-based classifiers naturally handle large numbers of categories, but incur prohibitively expensive computation and memory costs. In this brief, we present a novel classification scheme, i.e., discriminative hierarchical K-means tree (D-HKTree), which combines the advantages of both learning-based and NN-based classifiers. The complexity of the D-HKTree only grows sublinearly with the number of categories, which is much better than the recent hierarchical support vector machines-based methods. The memory requirement is the order of magnitude less than the recent Na ve Bayesian NN-based approaches. The proposed D-HKTree classification scheme is evaluated on several challenging benchmark databases and achieves the state-of-the-art accuracies, while with significantly lower computation cost and memory requirement. C1 [Chen, Shizhi] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Chen, Shizhi; Yang, Xiaodong; Tian, Yingli] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Chen, Shizhi; Yang, Xiaodong; Tian, Yingli] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Chen, SZ (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM shizhi.chen@navy.mil; xyang02@ccny.cuny.edu; ytian@ccny.cuny.edu FU National Science Foundation [IIS-1400802]; Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation [1137172]; Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA [N000141310450]; Federal Highway Administration [DTFH61-12-H-00002] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant IIS-1400802, in part by the Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation under Grant 1137172, in part by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA, under Grant N000141310450, and in part by the Federal Highway Administration under Grant DTFH61-12-H-00002. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2162-237X EI 2162-2388 J9 IEEE T NEUR NET LEAR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2200 EP 2205 DI 10.1109/TNNLS.2014.2366476 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CQ2NH UT WOS:000360437300030 PM 25420271 ER PT J AU Sanabia, ER Barrett, BS Celone, NP Cornelius, ZD AF Sanabia, Elizabeth R. Barrett, Bradford S. Celone, Nicholas P. Cornelius, Zachary D. TI Satellite and Aircraft Observations of the Eyewall Replacement Cycle in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AXISYMMETRICAL BALANCE DYNAMICS; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONES; CONCENTRIC EYEWALLS; HURRICANE INTENSITY; RADIAL PROFILES; WATER-VAPOR; PART II; WIND; VORTEX AB Satellite and aircraft observations of the concurrent evolution of cloud-top brightness temperatures (BTs) and the surface and flight-level wind fields were examined before and during an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) as part of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) and the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field campaign. The structural evolution of deep convection through the life cycle of the ERC was clearly evident in the radial variation of positive water vapor (WV) minus infrared (IR) brightness temperature differences over the 96-h period. Within this framework, the ERC was divided into six broadly defined stages, wherein convective processes (including eyewall development and decay) were analyzed and then validated using microwave data. Dual maxima in aircraft wind speeds and geostationary satellite BTs along flight transects through Sinlaku were used to document the temporal evolution of the ERC within the TC inner core. Negative correlations were found between IR BTs and surface wind speeds, indicating that colder cloud tops were associated with stronger surface winds. Spatial lags indicated that the strongest surface winds were located radially inward of both the flight-level winds and coldest cloud tops. Finally, timing of the ERC was observed equally in IR and WV minus IR (WVIR) BTs with one exception. Decay of the inner eyewall was detected earlier in the WVIR data. These findings highlight the potential utility of WVIR and IR BT radial profiles, particularly so for basins without active aircraft weather reconnaissance programs such as the western North Pacific. C1 [Sanabia, Elizabeth R.; Barrett, Bradford S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Celone, Nicholas P.] US Navy, Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 23 HSC 23, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Cornelius, Zachary D.] US Navy, Training Squadron 3 VT 3, Milton, FL USA. RP Sanabia, ER (reprint author), 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sanabia@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation; U.S. Naval Academy Office of Midshipman Research FX Partial funding for this study was provided by the Office of Naval Research, National Science Foundation, and U.S. Naval Academy Office of Midshipman Research. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, the Japan Meteorological Agency, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, and the USAF 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron for providing the data on which this research is based. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 143 IS 9 BP 3406 EP 3420 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0066.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ0UU UT WOS:000360313800004 ER PT J AU Knight, SP Pohl, K Holroyd, NJH Birbilis, N Rometsch, PA Muddle, BC Goswami, R Lynch, SP AF Knight, S. P. Pohl, K. Holroyd, N. J. H. Birbilis, N. Rometsch, P. A. Muddle, B. C. Goswami, R. Lynch, S. P. TI Some effects of alloy composition on stress corrosion cracking in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aluminium; Alloy; SEM; XPS; Stress corrosion ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; HEAT-TREATMENT; WATER-ADSORPTION; OXIDE-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; XPS; MICROSTRUCTURES; EVOLUTION; SURFACE AB Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of two lower-copper Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, AA7079 and AA7022 (0.6-0.9 wt%Cu), and a higher-copper AA7075 (1.5 wt%Cu) alloy are reported. In aqueous chloride, copper content of grain boundary precipitates is believed to be controlling, whereas in moist air it appears that the hydrogen diffusivity could be evident from the rate of crack growth between crack arrest markings. In moist air, the rate of hydrogen entry may control crack growth rates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the oxide formed in ambient conditions (e.g. similar to 50% RH) was more hydrated on the AA7075-T651 than AA7079-T651. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Knight, S. P.; Pohl, K.; Birbilis, N.; Rometsch, P. A.; Muddle, B. C.; Lynch, S. P.] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Goswami, R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lynch, S. P.] Def Sci & Technol Org, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Knight, SP (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. EM steven.knight@monash.edu OI Birbilis, Nick/0000-0002-7910-7470; Rometsch, Paul/0000-0002-7633-6411 NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X EI 1879-0496 J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 98 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.05.016 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CO9OH UT WOS:000359504600006 ER PT J AU Winnefeld, PA Kirchhoff, C Upton, DM AF Winnefeld, Pijames A. Sandy, Jr. Kirchhoff, Christopher Upton, David M. TI CYBERSECURITY'S HUMAN FACTOR: LESSONS FROM THE PENTAGON SO HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Winnefeld, Pijames A. Sandy, Jr.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Kirchhoff, Christopher] Joint Chiefs Staff, Washington, DC USA. [Upton, David M.] Univ Oxford, Said Business Sch, Operat Management, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI WATERTOWN PA 300 NORTH BEACON STREET, WATERTOWN, MA 02472 USA SN 0017-8012 J9 HARVARD BUS REV JI Harv. Bus. Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 93 IS 9 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA CP3BW UT WOS:000359752800020 ER PT J AU Gaffigan, ME Bruner, DI Wason, C Pritchard, A Frumkin, K AF Gaffigan, Matthew E. Bruner, David I. Wason, Courtney Pritchard, Amy Frumkin, Kenneth TI A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF INTRAVENOUS HALOPERIDOL VS. INTRAVENOUS METOCLOPRAMIDE FOR ACUTE MIGRAINE THERAPY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE migraine; haloperidol; pain management ID DRUG SHORTAGES; METAANALYSIS; PROCHLORPERAZINE; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; AKATHISIA; HEADACHES; MEDICINE AB Background: Emergency Department (ED) headache patients are commonly treated with neuroleptic antiemetics like metoclopramide. Haloperidol has been shown to be effective for migraine treatment. Study Objective: Our study compared the use of metoclopramide vs. haloperidol to treat ED migraine patients. Methods: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized control trial of 64 adults aged 18-50 years with migraine headache and no recognized risks for QT-prolongation. Haloperidol 5 mg or metoclopramide 10 mg was given intravenously after 25 mg diphenhydramine. Pain, nausea, restlessness (akathisia), and sedation were assessed with 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) at baseline and every 20 min, to a maximum of 80 min. The need for rescue medications, side effects, and subject satisfaction were recorded. QTc intervals were measured prior to and after treatment. Follow-upcalls after 48 h assessed satisfaction and recurrent or persistent symptoms. Results: Thirty-one subjects received haloperidol, 33 metoclopramide. The groups were similar on all VAS measurements, side effects, and in their satisfaction with therapy. Pain relief averaged 53 mm VASoverbothgroups, with equal times to maximumim provement. Subjects receiving haloperidol required rescuemedication significantly less often (3% vs. 24%, p < 0.02). MeanQTcs were equal and normal in the two groups and did not change after treatment. In telephone follow-up, 90% of subjects contacted were "happy with the medication'' they had received, with haloperidol-treated subjects experiencing more restlessness (43% vs. 10%). Conclusions: Intravenous haloperidol is as safe and effective as metoclopramide for the ED treatment of migraine headaches, with less frequent need for rescue medications. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gaffigan, Matthew E.; Wason, Courtney; Frumkin, Kenneth] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bruner, David I.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Pritchard, Amy] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Bruner, DI (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, 8022 Paseo Ocaso, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 EI 1090-1280 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 49 IS 3 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.03.023 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA CP7MN UT WOS:000360072400023 PM 26048068 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Donoho, CJ Crum-Cianflone, NF Maguen, S AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Donoho, Carrie J. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Maguen, Shira TI Longitudinal assessment of gender differences in the development of PTSD among US military personnel deployed in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PTSD; Gender; Military; Combat; Sexual assault ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILLENNIUM COHORT; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; MENTAL-HEALTH; FUNCTIONAL HEALTH; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; PREVALENCE; VALIDATION; EXPOSURES AB Divergent findings from previous research examining gender differences in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among US military members deployed to the operations in Iraq or Afghanistan (recent operations) prompted this study utilizing a matching approach to examine whether risk for new-onset PTSD and PTSD severity scores differed by gender. US military members from the Millennium Cohort Study deployed in support of the recent operations were followed for approximately 7 years from baseline through 2 follow-up periods between 2001 and 2008. Propensity score matching was used to match 1 male to each female using demographic, military, and behavioral factors including baseline sexual assault. Analyses were stratified by combat experience defined as reporting at least one of five exposures during follow-up. Outcome measures included a positive screen for PTSD and severity scores measured by the PTSD Patient Checklist Civilian Version. Discrete-time survival analysis quantified the association between gender and incident PTSD. Among 4684 matched subjects (2342 women and men), 6.7% of women and 6.1% of men developed PTSD during follow-up. Results showed no significant gender differences for the likelihood of developing PTSD or for PTSD severity scores among women and men who reported combat experience and among those who did not. This study is the first of its kind to match a large population of male and female service members on important baseline characteristics including sexual assault. Findings suggest that while combat deployed personnel develop PTSD, women do not have a significantly different risk for developing PTSD than men after experiencing combat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Donoho, Carrie J.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Donoho, Carrie J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Maguen, Shira] San Francisco VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Maguen, Shira] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Donoho, CJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM carrie.j.donoho.mil@mail.mil FU Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland FX Funding/support: The Millennium Cohort Study is funded through the Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland. The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, analysis, or preparation of data; or preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3956 EI 1879-1379 J9 J PSYCHIATR RES JI J. Psychiatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 68 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.015 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA CP5WM UT WOS:000359956100005 PM 26228397 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Myers, TW Veauthier, JM Greenfield, MT Scharff, RJ Parrish, DA AF Chavez, David E. Myers, Thomas W. Veauthier, Jacqueline M. Greenfield, Margo T. Scharff, R. Jason Parrish, Damon A. TI Pentaerythritol Trinitrate Substituted s-Tetrazine and s-Triazine SO SYNLETT LA English DT Article DE tetrazines; triazines; heterocycle; cyclic voltammetry; UV; Vis; energetic materials ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEX AB The synthesis of pentaerythritol trinitrate persubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 1,3,5-triazine is reported. These materials were characterized with respect to their chemical and energetic materials properties. X-ray crystallographic analyses were also performed. The UV/Vis, Raman, and cyclic voltammetry data were collected and are reported. C1 [Chavez, David E.; Myers, Thomas W.; Veauthier, Jacqueline M.; Greenfield, Margo T.; Scharff, R. Jason] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov OI Scharff, Robert/0000-0002-1708-8964; Veauthier, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2206-7786 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program office; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-AF-0-0002] FX The authors would like to thank the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program office for funding this work. We would like to thank Stephanie Hagelberg (elemental analysis) for characterization. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security (LANS, LLC) under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors also thank the Office of Naval Research (Award No. N00014-11-AF-0-0002) NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0936-5214 EI 1437-2096 J9 SYNLETT JI Synlett PD SEP PY 2015 VL 26 IS 14 BP 2029 EP 2032 DI 10.1055/s-0034-1381042 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CP6LH UT WOS:000359998200020 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT AF Emmert, J. T. TI Thermospheric mass density: A review SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Thermosphere; Mass density ID HIGH-LATITUDE THERMOSPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INCOHERENT-SCATTER DATA; ATOMIC OXYGEN DENSITY; WIND ANOMALY ETWA; ENERGY-ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENTS; NONMIGRATING SEMIDIURNAL TIDES; MIDNIGHT TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM; SATELLITE DRAG COEFFICIENTS; ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES AB The mass density of Earth's thermosphere (similar to 90-600 km altitude) is a critical parameter for low Earth orbit prediction because of the atmospheric drag on satellites in this region. In this review, we first survey techniques for measuring thermospheric density, empirical models that provide a synthesis of historical data, and physical models that simulate the environment by solving fluid equations. We then review the climate and weather features that are observed in thermospheric density (including its response to solar forcing) and summarize recent studies of these features. The review is focused on results published between 2000 and 2014, which coincides with a period of extensive accelerometer measurements of density and accompanying research; some historical context is also provided. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.emmert@nrl.navy.mil NR 387 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 24 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 56 IS 5 BP 773 EP 824 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2015.05.038 PG 52 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9NK UT WOS:000359502300001 ER PT J AU Chun, C Neta, B AF Chun, Changbum Neta, Beny TI Comparing the basins of attraction for Kanwar-Bhatia-Kansal family to the best fourth order method SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Iterative methods; Order of convergence; Multiple roots; Basin of attraction ID FINDING MULTIPLE ROOTS; HIGHER-ORDER METHODS; NONLINEAR EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS; ITERATION; CONVERGENCE AB There are relatively few optimal fourth order methods for solving nonlinear algebraic equations having roots of known multiplicity m. In a previous paper we have compared 5 such methods, two of which require the evaluation of the (m - 1)st root. We have used the basin of attraction idea to recommend the best optimal fourth order method. Here we compare the family of methods developed by Kanwar et al. (2013)- to the best known method. We will also point out some mistake in deriving that family. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chun, Changbum] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cbchun@skku.edu; bneta@nps.edu FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013R1A1A2005012] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2005012). NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 266 BP 277 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2015.05.069 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CO6XC UT WOS:000359300100023 ER PT J AU Levine, JA Bukowinski, AT Sevick, CJ Mehlhaff, KM Conlin, AMS AF Levine, Jordan A. Bukowinski, Anna T. Sevick, Carter J. Mehlhaff, Krista M. Conlin, Ava Marie S. TI Postpartum depression and timing of spousal military deployment relative to pregnancy and delivery SO ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE Postpartum depression; Women's health; Military deployment; Mental health ID BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; TREATMENT FACILITY; PRIMARY-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; WIVES; SYMPTOMS; IMPACT; PREVALENCE AB This study aimed to determine the relationship between spousal deployment and postpartum depression diagnosis among U.S. military wives, accounting for the timing of deployment with respect to pregnancy and delivery. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association between spousal deployment and postpartum depression among pregnant wives of active-duty service members. Electronic medical records for 161,454 births occurring between 2004 and 2009 were used to define postpartum depression. Three non-mutually exclusive exposure variables were created to categorize deployments as occurring before, during, or after the infant's delivery. A multivariable logistic regression model mutually adjusted for these exposure variables was fitted, producing an odds ratio for each of the three timing categories. A modest significant association was detected only in those whose husbands deployed in pregnancy and returned after delivery (i.e., deployed during delivery) [odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.15]. An interactive effect between preexisting depression or anxiety and deployment during delivery was also detected in the data (OR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.07-1.20 for those without a preexisting diagnosis; OR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.80-0.95 for those with a preexisting diagnosis). Health care providers should continue to be aware of spousal deployment as a military-unique stressor in this population and rigorously screen for potential symptoms of postpartum depression, especially among those whose husbands are absent at delivery. C1 [Levine, Jordan A.; Bukowinski, Anna T.; Sevick, Carter J.; Conlin, Ava Marie S.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Mehlhaff, Krista M.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Levine, JA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jordan.levine@med.navy.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0932-0067 EI 1432-0711 J9 ARCH GYNECOL OBSTET JI Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 292 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s00404-015-3672-7 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CO7YO UT WOS:000359380100016 PM 25731150 ER PT J AU Sassin, MB Long, JW Wallace, JM Rolison, DR AF Sassin, Megan B. Long, Jeffrey W. Wallace, Jean Marie Rolison, Debra R. TI Routes to 3D conformal solid-state dielectric polymers: electrodeposition versus initiated chemical vapor deposition SO MATERIALS HORIZONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE); BATTERY ARCHITECTURES; ELECTROLYTES; NANOARCHITECTURES; ICVD AB We show that two distinct methods, electropolymerization and initiated chemical vapour deposition (iCVD), can be adapted to generate ultrathin polymers (30-50 nm thick) at three dimensionally (3D) porous conductive substrates comprising similar to 300 mu m-thick carbon-coated silica fiber paper (C@SiO2). We selected 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane ("V3D3'') as a common monomer amenable to polymerization by either approach. Electroanalytical and electrical measurements confirm that all carbon surfaces are passivated with electronically insulating poly(V3D3) coatings. C1 [Sassin, Megan B.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wallace, Jean Marie] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Sassin, MB (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM megan.sassin@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; jean.wallace.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-6347 EI 2051-6355 J9 MATER HORIZ JI Mater. Horizons PD SEP PY 2015 VL 2 IS 5 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1039/c5mh00057b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CP0SV UT WOS:000359586600005 ER PT J AU Guarda, S AF Guarda, Sylvain TI Kafka's Academy Report: The 'Peace' solution as a lively Vaudeville Number SO SEMINAR-A JOURNAL OF GERMANIC STUDIES LA German DT Article DE Goethe's Ruhe; Greek academy v. academy of science; variete/vaudeville; the ape as icon of the renaissance; Kafka v. Schiller/Goethe; Kafka's hybrid duality; Noah's Ark ID 'BERICHT-FUR-EINE-AKADEMIE'; FREEDOM AB This paper explores the key concept of 'Ruhe' in "A Report to an Academy" (1917), essential for an understanding of its inception and Kafka's spiritual ties to the Christian and Greek tradition. While Kafka scholarship has already made some reference to Schiller's irony and typological writing "On Naive and Sentimental Poetry" (1795), it has yet to recognize Kafka's poetic appropriation of Goethe's observing mode of 'Ruhe' as narrative mode. The entertaining variety show acts, along with making the ape's philosophical reflections on his mortifying cage experience evident to the critical eye, help create a streaming gaze that morphs all activities and gestures into simple human rituals. The ship (a modern version of Noah's Ark), a microcosm of human society, entails in embryo all elements that will shape the ape's life on the continent after achieving a certain degree of 'humanity.' The report culminates in a drinking parody of Goethe's theoretical writing "Simple Imitation, Manner, Style" (1789), depicting the ape's breakthrough and ascension to human and academic status through language. In this new light the report humorously manifests Kafka's defiance of Goethe's literary authority while, at the same time, paying an homage to ancient classicism. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guarda, S (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0037-1939 EI 1911-026X J9 SEMINAR-J GER STUD JI Semin.-J. Ger. Stud. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 225 EP 241 PG 17 WC Literature, German, Dutch, Scandinavian SC Literature GA CP2NA UT WOS:000359712700002 ER PT J AU Balazs, GC Dickens, JF Brelin, AM Wolfe, JA Rue, JPH Potter, BK AF Balazs, George C. Dickens, Jonathan F. Brelin, Alaina M. Wolfe, Jared A. Rue, John-Paul H. Potter, Benjamin K. TI Analysis of Orthopaedic Research Produced During the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; CITATION-CLASSICS; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; CITED ARTICLES; INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS; COMBAT CASUALTIES; CURRENT CONFLICTS; TIBIAL FRACTURES; EXTREMITY WOUNDS; HAND SURGERY AB Background Military orthopaedic surgeons have published a substantial amount of original research based on our care of combat-wounded service members and related studies during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, to our knowledge, the influence of this body of work has not been evaluated bibliometrically, and doing so is important to determine the modern impact of combat casualty research in the wider medical community. Questions/purposes We sought to identify the 20 most commonly cited works from military surgeons published during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts and analyze them to answer the following questions: (1) What were the subject areas of these 20 articles and what was the 2013 Impact Factor of each journal that published them? (2) How many citations did they receive and what were the characteristics of the journals that cited them? (3) Do the citation analysis results obtained from Google Scholar mirror the results obtained from Thompson-Reuters' Web of Science? Methods We searched the Web of Science Citation Index Expanded for relevant original research performed by US military orthopaedic surgeons related to Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom between 2001 and 2014. Articles citing these studies were reviewed using both Web of Science and Google Scholar data. The 20 most cited articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed by content domain, frequency of citation, and sources in which they were cited. Results Nine of these studies examined the epidemiology and outcome of combat injury. Six studies dealt with wound management, wound dehiscence, and formation of heterotopic ossification. Five studies examined infectious complications of combat trauma. The median number of citations garnered by these 20 articles was 41 (range, 28-264) in Web of Science. Other research citing these studies has appeared in 279 different journals, covering 26 different medical and surgical subspecialties, from authors in 31 different countries. Google Scholar contained 97% of the Web of Science citations, but also had 31 duplicate entries and 29 citations with defective links. Conclusions Modern combat casualty research by military orthopaedic surgeons is widely cited by researchers in a diverse range of subspecialties and geographic locales. This suggests that the military continues to be a source of innovation that is broadly applicable to civilian medical and surgical practice and should encourage expansion of military-civilian collaboration to maximize the utility of the knowledge gained in the treatment of war trauma. C1 [Balazs, George C.; Dickens, Jonathan F.; Brelin, Alaina M.; Wolfe, Jared A.; Potter, Benjamin K.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Rue, John-Paul H.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Potter, Benjamin K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Potter, BK (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Bldg 19,Floor 2,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM Benjamin.k.potter.mil@mail.mil RI Balazs, George/I-3202-2016; OI Balazs, George/0000-0003-2822-2986; Potter, MD, Benjamin K./0000-0002-8771-0317 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X EI 1528-1132 J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 473 IS 9 BP 2777 EP 2784 DI 10.1007/s11999-015-4244-7 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA CO1TA UT WOS:000358936900010 PM 25758377 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Allen, DR Randall, CE Harvey, VL Hervig, ME Lumpe, J Thurairajah, B Bailey, SM Russell, JM AF Siskind, David E. Allen, Douglas R. Randall, Cora E. Harvey, V. Lynn Hervig, Mark E. Lumpe, Jerry Thurairajah, Brentha Bailey, Scott M. Russell, James M., III TI Extreme stratospheric springs and their consequences for the onset of polar mesospheric clouds SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mesosphere; stratosphere; polar mesospheric clouds ID ARCTIC SUMMER STRATOSPHERE; FROZEN-IN ANTICYCLONE; MODEL AB We use data from the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) explorer and from the NASA Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) stratospheric analysis to explore the variability in the onset of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) Polar Mesospheric Cloud (PMC) season. Consistent with recently published results, we show that the early onset of the NH PMC season in 2013 was accompanied by a warm springtime stratosphere; conversely, we show that the late onset in 2008 coincides with a very cold springtime stratosphere. Similar stratospheric temperature anomalies for 1997 and 2011 also are connected either directly, through observed temperatures, or indirectly, through an early PMC onset, to conditions near the mesopause. These 4 years, 2008, 1997, 2011, and 2013 represent the extremes of stratospheric springtime temperatures seen in the MERRA analysis and correspond to analogous extrema in planetary wave activity. The three years with enhanced planetary wave activity (1997, 2011 and 2013) are shown to coincide with the recently identified stratospheric Frozen In Anticyclone (FrIAC) phenomenon. FrIACs in 1997 and 2013 are associated with early PMC onsets; however, the dramatic FrIAC of 2011 is not. This may be because the 2011 FrIAC occurred too early in the spring. The link between NH PMC onset and stratospheric FrIAC occurrences represents a new mode of coupling between the stratosphere and mesosphere. Since FrIACs appear to be more frequent in recent years, we speculate that as a result, PMCs may occur earlier as well. Finally we compare the zonal mean zonal winds and observed gravity wave activity for the FrIACs of 2011 and 2013. We find no evidence that gravity wave activity was favored in 2013 relative to 2011, thus suggesting that direct forcing by planetary waves was the key mechanism in accelerating the cooling and moistening of the NH mesopause region in May of 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Siskind, David E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Allen, Douglas R.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. [Randall, Cora E.; Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Randall, Cora E.; Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hervig, Mark E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. [Lumpe, Jerry] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Thurairajah, Brentha; Bailey, Scott M.] Virginia Tech, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmsopher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.siskind@nrl.navy.mil RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 FU NASA; Naval Research FX Funding for this work and for AIM comes from NASA through their Small Explorer Program. Additional funding (for DRA) is acknowledged from the Chief of Naval Research. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 132 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.06.014 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO4YT UT WOS:000359167500008 ER PT J AU Hervig, ME Siskind, DE Bailey, SM Russell, JM AF Hervig, Mark E. Siskind, David E. Bailey, Scott M. Russell, James M., III TI The influence of PMCs on water vapor and drivers behind PMC variability from SOFIE observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Polar mesospheric cloud; PMC; SOFIE; AIM; SBUV ID POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; SUMMER MESOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE AB Observations from the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) are used to quantify relationships between polar mesospheric clouds (PMC) and their environment. Dehydration due to ice growth is found to be greatest similar to 1.8 km above the height of peak ice mass density on average, and H2O enhancement due to sublimation is greatest near the bottom of the PMC layer. The dehydration and hydration layers contain a similar amount of H2O, although less than is found in ice layers, a difference that may be due to meridional transport. Because PMCs modify the surrounding water vapor, PMC-H2O relationships can be misleading and recommendations are made for dealing with this issue. The dependence of PMCs on water vapor and temperature was quantified, accounting for the effects of ice on water vapor. The approach examined inter-annual variations and considered the subset of PMCs detected by the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments, which are less sensitive than SOFIE. Results in the Northern Hemisphere indicate that PMC variations are dominated by temperature, but that a combination of temperature and water vapor provides the best explanation of the observations. In the Southern Hemisphere PMC variability is attributed primarily to temperature, with water vapor playing a minor role. The subset of SBUV PMCs are found to be one third as sensitive to changing temperature as the entire PMC population observed by SOFIE. Finally, an approach is presented which allows temperature and water vapor anomalies to be estimated from various PMC data sets such as SBUV. Using recently reported SBUV PMC trends at 64-74 degrees N latitude with the results of this study indicates a cooling trend of -0.27 +/- 0.14 K decade(-1) and a water vapor increase of +0.66 +/- 0.34% decade(-1) (both at 80-84 km). This cooling trend agrees with reports based on observations in the middle atmosphere at similar latitudes. The water vapor increase is lower than expected due to increasing methane, although this difference may be consistent with H2O loss due to photolysis at PMC altitudes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hervig, Mark E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. [Siskind, David E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Bailey, Scott M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Hervig, ME (reprint author), GATS Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. EM m.e.hervig@gats-inc.com FU NASA/AIM mission - NASA's Small Explorers Program [NAS5-03132] FX This work was supported by the NASA/AIM mission which is funded by NASA's Small Explorers Program under Contract NAS5-03132. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 132 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.07.010 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO4YT UT WOS:000359167500014 ER PT J AU Smoot, CD Hathaway, AA Ma, HB Crawford, MT Huhman, BM Sobel, A AF Smoot, C. D. Hathaway, A. A. Ma, H. B. Crawford, M. T. Huhman, B. M. Sobel, Annie TI Transient Response of an Oscillating Heat Pipe by a Pulsed Heating in a High Magnetic Field Environment SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; RAILGUN; DESIGN; START AB An experimental investigation of a compact, triple-layer oscillating heat pipe (OHP) has been conducted to determine the fast-transient heating effect on the heat transport capability of an OHP in a high magnetic field environment. The OHP has dimensions of 1.3 cm thick, 22.9 cm long, and 7.6 cm wide embedded with two-independent closed-loops forming three layers of channels. The OHP was directly clamped to a railgun system in a medium caliber launcher (MCL) and subjected to high current electric discharges occurring over several microseconds. The experimental results show that the OHP is capable of significantly reducing peak temperatures during a pulsed heating event over pure copper, even in the presence of relatively high magnetic fields. C1 [Smoot, C. D.; Hathaway, A. A.; Ma, H. B.; Sobel, Annie] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Crawford, M. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huhman, B. M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sobel, Annie] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ma, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mah@missouri.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0334, N00014-11-C-0392] FX The work presented in this article was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-11-1-0334 directed by Dr. Mark Spector and Grant No. N00014-11-C-0392 directed by Roger Ellis and Ryan Hoffman. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 22 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 EI 1528-9044 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 137 IS 3 AR 031008 DI 10.1115/1.4030642 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CO5HQ UT WOS:000359190600008 ER PT J AU Salmeron, J Wood, RK AF Salmeron, Javier Wood, R. Kevin TI The Value of Recovery Transformers in Protecting an Electric Transmission Grid Against Attack SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Power system modeling; restoration and protection; security; substations; transformers ID TERRORIST THREAT; POWER-SYSTEMS; INTERDICTION; SECURITY AB This paper incorporates, as part of an attacker-defender (AD) model for an electric power transmission grid, an inventory of "recovery spares" for high-voltage transformers (HVTs). In this sequential-game model, an attacker first uses limited resources to disable grid components, seeking to maximize second-stage "total cost." This value corresponds to a defender who operates the damaged grid to minimize generating and economic load-shedding costs. The defender's problem includes 1) optimal power-flow solutions to represent post-attack operations, 2) optimized replacement of disabled HVTs with quickly installable recovery spares, and 3) longer-term replacements using new procurements. Global Benders decomposition, with a mixed-integer subproblem, solves the AD model; new enumerative techniques help solve the decomposition's master problem and subproblems. Computational tests demonstrate tradeoffs between the number of recovery spares and worst-case total cost, and show how the model could help guide an inventory strategy for recovery spares in an adversarial setting. C1 [Salmeron, Javier; Wood, R. Kevin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Salmeron, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jsalmero@nps.edu; kwood@nps.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0087]; Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency undergrant HDTRA1-10-1-0087. The work of R. K. Wood was supported by Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. (Distribution A: Approved for public release: distribution unlimited.) Paper no. TPWRS-00094-2014. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 EI 1558-0679 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 2396 EP 2403 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2360401 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CN5UJ UT WOS:000358496300019 ER PT J AU Fu, Y Michopoulos, J Song, JH AF Fu, Yao Michopoulos, John Song, Jeong-Hoon TI Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of epoxy resin during the curing process SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation; Epoxy resin; Curing process ID CROSS-LINKED EPOXY; PLANE COUETTE-FLOW; MULTISCALE SIMULATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER MELTS; CHANNEL FLOW; SHEAR-FLOW; COMPOSITES; LIQUID; SYSTEM AB Motivated by the need to establish a multiscale understanding of the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers used for nano-, meso- and macro-composites, we are presenting an investigation of the cross-linking process (associated with curing) of an epoxy phenol novolac and bisphenol-A melt system via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, we are focusing on the associated structural and physical behaviors of the melts of different cross-linking degree under Couette and Poiseuille flow conditions. At the nanoscale, we also investigated the stress, heat flux and temperature fields that are computable from the quantities of the coarse-grained model of the epoxy resin melt with the extended Hardy's theory to multibody potentials. We have established that the epoxy resin chains tend to reorient along the direction of the imposed Couette flow, and the degree of alignment increases with the cross-linking degree and shear rate. The pronounced reorientation of cross-linked epoxy resin melts can be ascribed to the inter-bonded chains. This conformational change explains the shear thinning behaviors of cross-linked melts that initiate at low shear rates. The cross-linked melts under Poiseuille flow possess less pronounced velocity profiles, accompanied with the smaller temperature rise from the applied gravity force. Due to the size of the nanoscale channel height, the epoxy resin melts under Poiseuille flow can only be approximately predicted via the continuum theory. We have shown that the discrepancies between atomistic simulations and continuum predictions increase as the wall/epoxy interaction strength reduces. This study reveals the variations of important rheological properties during the cross-linking process and elucidates the roles played by the topological changes in the shear flow, thus can contribute to the design and manufacturing of the epoxy-resin based nanocomposites. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fu, Yao; Song, Jeong-Hoon] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Michopoulos, John] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. RP Fu, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Yao.Fu@colorado.edu; JH.Song@colorado.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016; Fu, Yao/J-7018-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838; Fu, Yao/0000-0002-1188-4310 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 107 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.04.022 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CL4YQ UT WOS:000356964900004 ER PT J AU Hardy, MT Storm, DF Nepal, N Katzer, DS Downey, BP Meyer, DJ AF Hardy, M. T. Storm, D. F. Nepal, N. Katzer, D. S. Downey, B. P. Meyer, D. J. TI Indium incorporation dynamics in N-polar InAlN thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on freestanding GaN substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE 2014) CY SEP 07-12, 2014 CL fLAGSTAFF, AZ DE Crystal morphology; Desorption; Molecular beam epitaxy; Nitrides; Semiconducting ternary compounds ID INCORPORATION KINETICS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; QUANTUM-WELLS; INGAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MORPHOLOGIES; TRANSISTORS; LAYERS; HEMTS AB N-polar InAIN thin films were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on freestanding GaN substrates under N-rich conditions. Indium and aluminum fluxes were varied independently at substrate temperatures below and above the onset of thermal desorption of indium. At low temperatures, the InAIN composition and growth rate are determined by the group-Ill fluxes. With increasing substrate temperature, the surface morphology transitions from quasi-3D to a smooth, 20 morphology at temperatures significantly above the onset of indium loss. At higher temperatures, we observe increased indium evaporation with higher indium fluxes and a suppression of indium evaporation with increased aluminum flux. The final optimized InAIN thin film results in step-flow morphology with rms roughness of 0.19 nm and high interfacial quality. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hardy, M. T.] US Navy, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Storm, D. F.; Katzer, D. S.; Downey, B. P.; Meyer, D. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nepal, N.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Hardy, MT (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.hardy.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI Hardy, Matthew/0000-0002-8016-6347 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under funding from Dr. P. Maki. MTH was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 425 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.02.045 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA CL0YO UT WOS:000356669200028 ER PT J AU Garren, DA AF Garren, David Alan TI Theory of Two-Dimensional Signature Morphology for Arbitrarily Moving Surface Targets in Squinted Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Moving targets; radar signatures; radar squint; range migration; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); target migration ID SAR IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM; OBJECTS; MOTION AB This paper develops analytic equations for predicting the smear signature morphology due to surface targets having arbitrary motion within squinted spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. A power-series expansion of the subaperture phase history data is applied to compute a generic expression for the down-range and cross-range components of the predicted central 2-D contour of mover signatures, including the cross-range offset. In addition, the current analysis generates an analytic approximation for the 2-D impulse response (IPR) of surface moving target signatures within subaperture images. This investigation reveals that the summation of a large number of nonoverlapping IPRs yields an excellent reproduction of the target signature, including smear width and self-interference effects, as compared with standard image formation using simulated radar data. Thus, the analytics derived herein can provide an effective methodology for understanding the shape, extent, location, width, and interference effects of smears due to arbitrarily moving surface targets for squinted spotlight SAR. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Garren, DA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dagarren@nps.edu NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2015 VL 53 IS 9 BP 4997 EP 5008 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2416066 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CK4AJ UT WOS:000356159000022 ER PT J AU Stanica, P AF Stanica, Pantelimon TI Affine equivalence of quartic monomial rotation symmetric Boolean functions in prime power dimension SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Boolean functions; Circulant matrices; Affine equivalence; Permutations; Prime powers ID VARIABLES AB In this paper we analyze and exactly compute the number of affine equivalence classes under permutations for quartic monomial rotation symmetric functions in prime and prime power dimensions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stanica, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pstanica@nps.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 EI 1872-6291 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 314 BP 212 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2015.03.071 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA CI8VQ UT WOS:000355050200014 ER PT J AU Brown, CW Kosta, M AF Brown, Christopher W. Kosta, Marek TI Constructing a single cell in cylindrical algebraic decomposition SO JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Cylindrical algebraic decomposition; Projection operator; Polynomial constraints AB This paper presents an algorithm which, given a point and a set of polynomials, constructs a single cylindrical cell containing the point, such that the given polynomials are sign-invariant in the computed cell. To represent a single cylindrical cell, a novel data structure is introduced. The algorithm works with this representation and proceeds incrementally, i.e., first constructing a cell representing the whole real space, and then iterating over the input polynomials, refining the cell at each step to ensure the sign-invariance of the current input polynomial. A merge procedure realizing this refinement is described, and its correctness is proven. The merge procedure is based on McCallum's projection operator, but uses geometric information relative to the input point to reduce the number of projection polynomials computed. The use of McCallum's operator implies the incompleteness of the algorithm in general. However, the algorithm is complete for well-oriented sets of polynomials. Moreover, the incremental approach described in this paper can be easily adapted to a different projection operator. The cell construction algorithm presented in this paper is an alternative to the "model-based" method described by jovanovie and de Moura in a 2012 paper. It generalizes the algorithm described by the first author in a 2013 paper, which could only produce full-dimensional cells, to allow for the construction of cells of arbitrary dimension. While a thorough comparison, whether analytical or empirical, of the new algorithm and the "modelbased" approach will be the subject of future work, this paper provides preliminary justification for asserting the superiority of the new method. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Christopher W.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kosta, Marek] Max Planck Inst Informat, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wcbrown@usna.edu; mkosta@mpi-inf.mpg.de FU German Transregional Collaborative Research Center [SFB/TR 14 AVACS] FX The second author is supported by the German Transregional Collaborative Research Center SFB/TR 14 AVACS. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0747-7171 J9 J SYMB COMPUT JI J. Symb. Comput. PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 70 BP 14 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.jsc.2014.09.024 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA CF6JK UT WOS:000352662800002 ER PT J AU Nepal, N Anderson, VR Hite, JK Eddy, CR AF Nepal, Neeraj Anderson, Virginia R. Hite, Jennifer K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Growth and characterization of III-N ternary thin films by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy at low temperatures SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE III-Nitride ternary; Plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy; Low temperatures ID DEPOSITION; ALN; GAN AB We report the growth and characterization of III-nitride ternary thin films (AlxGa1-xN, InxAl1-xN and InxGa1-xN) at = 500 degrees C by plasma assisted atomic layer epitaxy (PA-ALE) over a wide stoichiometric range including the range where phase separation has been an issue for films grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The composition of these ternaries was intentionally varied through alterations in the cycle ratios of the III-nitride binary layers (AlN, GaN, and InN). By this digital alloy growth method, we are able to grow III-nitride ternaries by PA-ALE over nearly the entire stoichiometry range including in the spinodal decomposition region (x = 15-85%). These early efforts suggest great promise of PA-ALE at low temperatures for addressing miscibility gap challenges encountered with conventional growth methods and realizing high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices involving ternary/binary heterojunctions, which are not currently possible. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nepal, Neeraj; Anderson, Virginia R.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nepal, N (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research; American Association for Engineering Education NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. VRA gratefully acknowledges the support of the American Association for Engineering Education NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 589 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.04.068 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CQ0XB UT WOS:000360320000009 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Long, JP Chervin, CN Bussmann, K Rolison, DR AF Owrutsky, J. C. Long, J. P. Chervin, C. N. Bussmann, K. Rolison, D. R. TI The effect of disorder on the optical constants of nanoscale RuO2 SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Optical constants; Transparent conductor; Plasmonic; Ruthenium dioxide; Ruthenia; Solution-deposited thin films ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; IRO2; OXIDE; ELECTROCATALYSIS; SUPERCAPACITOR; RUTILE; SI AB Optical constants and electrical resistivity are determined for conformal, nanometric films of RuO2 ("nanoskins") electrolessly deposited from cold nonaqueous solutions onto transparent dielectrics. The RuO2 nanoskins are disordered and exhibit lower conductivity than polycrystalline sputtered RuO2 films but are more optically transmissive: similar to 1.6 k Omega sheet resistance and 80% transmission at 800 nm for a 10-nm-thick nanoskin. Ruthenia nanoskins are promising transparent conducting coatings because they are easy to fabricate and provide a chemically versatile, conformal film that is highly transmissive over a broad spectral region suitable for spectroelectrochemical studies. Due primarily to their lower absorption, the real component (epsilon(1)) of the complex permittivity epsilon for the RuO2 nanoskins is positive over the entire spectral region investigated (0.6-4.5 eV) whereas it is negative for the sputtered films, consistent with their metallic character. The imaginary component (epsilon(2)) of the complex permittivity places disordered RuO2 in the ranks of less "lossy" conductors, but its low epsilon(1) ensures that this form of the oxide cannot be plasmonic in the optical window. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Owrutsky, J. C.; Long, J. P.; Chervin, C. N.; Rolison, D. R.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bussmann, K.] US Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), Code 6111,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil; jp.long@nrl.navy.mil; christopher.chervin@nrl.navy.mil; bussmann@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 589 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.05.058 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CQ0XB UT WOS:000360320000057 ER PT J AU Scheibner, M Economou, SE Ponomarev, IV Jennings, C Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Scheibner, Michael Economou, Sophia E. Ponomarev, Ilya V. Jennings, Cameron Bracker, Allan S. Gammon, Daniel TI Two-photon absorption by a quantum dot pair SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MEMORY; PHOTON; SPIN AB The biexciton absorption spectrum of a pair of InAs/GaAs quantum dots is being studied by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. An absorption resonance with the characteristics of an instantaneous two-photon process reveals a coherent interdot two-photon transition. Pauli-selective tunneling is being used to demonstrate the transduction of the two-photon coherence into a nonlocal spin singlet state. The two-photon transition can be tuned spectrally by electric field, enabling amplification of its transition strength. C1 [Scheibner, Michael; Jennings, Cameron] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Economou, Sophia E.; Bracker, Allan S.; Gammon, Daniel] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ponomarev, Ilya V.] Thomson Reuters, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Scheibner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, 5200 North Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA. EM mscheibner@ucmerced.edu RI Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010 OI Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-15-1-0011]; Hellman Family Faculty Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award #HDTRA1-15-1-0011. M.S. acknowledges support from the Hellman Family Faculty Foundation. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 8 AR 081411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.081411 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CQ0EW UT WOS:000360269000002 ER PT J AU Shiffler, DA Tang, W Jensen, KL Golby, K LaCour, M Petillo, JJ Harris, JR AF Shiffler, Donald A. Tang, Wilkin Jensen, Kevin L. Golby, Ken LaCour, Matthew Petillo, John J. Harris, John R. TI Effective field enhancement factor and the influence of emitted space charge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; CARBON NANOTUBES; CATHODES; MODELS AB Although Fowler and Nordheim developed the basics of field emission nearly one century ago with their introduction of the Fowler-Nordheim equation (FNE), the topic continues to attract research interest particularly with the development of new materials that have been proposed as field emitters. The first order analysis of experiments typically relies upon the FNE for at minimum a basic understand of the physical emission process and its parameters of emission. The three key parameters in the FNE are the work function, emission area, and field enhancement factor, all of which can be difficult to determine under experimental conditions. This paper focuses in particular, on the field enhancement factor beta. It is generally understood that b provides an indication of the surface roughness or sharpness of a field emitter cathode. However, in this paper, we experimentally and computationally demonstrate that cathodes with highly similar surface morphologies can manifest quite different field enhancements solely through having different emission regions. This fact can cause one to re-interpret results in which a single sharp emitter is proposed to dominate the emission from a field emitting cathode. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shiffler, Donald A.; Tang, Wilkin] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Golby, Ken; LaCour, Matthew] Leidos Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Leidos, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Harris, John R.] US Navy Reserve, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. RP Shiffler, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU AFOSR FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from J. Luginsland and J. Marshall (AFOSR). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 8 AR 083302 DI 10.1063/1.4929364 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CQ5PU UT WOS:000360658600009 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, R Rokkam, S Desai, T Keblinski, P Cross, P Burnes, R AF Ranganathan, Raghavan Rokkam, Srujan Desai, Tapan Keblinski, Pawel Cross, Peter Burnes, Richard TI Modeling high-temperature diffusion of gases in micro and mesoporous amorphous carbon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; POROUS-MEDIA; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; NANOPOROUS MATERIALS; SELF-DIFFUSION; ADSORPTION; REAXFF AB In this work, we study diffusion of gases in porous amorphous carbon at high temperatures using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Microporous and mesoporous carbon structures are computationally generated using liquid quench method and reactive force fields. Motivated by the need to understand high temperature diffusivity of light weight gases like H-2, O-2, H2O, and CO in amorphous carbon, we investigate the diffusion behavior as function of two important parameters: (a) the pore size and (b) the concentration of diffusing gases. The effect of pore size on diffusion is studied by employing multiple realizations of the amorphous carbon structures in microporous and mesoporous regimes, corresponding to densities of 1 g/cm(3) and 0.5 g/cm(3), respectively. A detailed analysis of the effect of gas concentration on diffusion in the context of these two porosity regimes is presented. For the microporous structure, we observe that predominantly, a high diffusivity results when the structure is highly anisotropic and contains wide channels between the pores. On the other hand, when the structure is highly homogeneous, significant molecule-wall scattering leads to a nearly concentration-independent behavior of diffusion (reminiscent of Knudsen diffusion). The mesoporous regime is similar in behavior to the highly diffusive microporous carbon case in that diffusion at high concentration is governed by gas-gas collisions (reminiscent of Fickian diffusion), which transitions to a Knudsen-like diffusion at lower concentration. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ranganathan, Raghavan; Keblinski, Pawel] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Rokkam, Srujan; Desai, Tapan] Adv Cooling Technol Inc, Lancaster, PA 17601 USA. [Cross, Peter; Burnes, Richard] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Ranganathan, R (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM srujan.rokkam@1-act.com FU U.S. Navy-Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) [N68335-13-C-0119] FX This work was sponsored by U.S. Navy-Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) through a Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant, Contract No. N68335-13-C-0119, awarded to Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., (ACT) based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. All work reported here was undertaken at ACT. The simulations reported in this work made use of computing time provided by NAWCWD, at the Spirit (AFRL) supercomputer. Valuable suggestions from Professor Donald Brenner of North Carolina State University are acknowledged. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 AR 084701 DI 10.1063/1.4928633 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CQ5OD UT WOS:000360653900053 PM 26328861 ER PT J AU Le Pichon, A Assink, JD Heinrich, P Blanc, E Charlton-Perez, A Lee, CF Keckhut, P Hauchecorne, A Rufenacht, R Kampfer, N Drob, DP Smets, PSM Evers, LG Ceranna, L Pilger, C Ross, O Claud, C AF Le Pichon, A. Assink, J. D. Heinrich, P. Blanc, E. Charlton-Perez, A. Lee, C. F. Keckhut, P. Hauchecorne, A. Ruefenacht, R. Kaempfer, N. Drob, D. P. Smets, P. S. M. Evers, L. G. Ceranna, L. Pilger, C. Ross, O. Claud, C. TI Comparison of co-located independent ground-based middle atmospheric wind and temperature measurements with numerical weather prediction models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LOW-TOP VERSIONS; RESEARCH SATELLITE; DATA ASSIMILATION; ROCKETSONDE WIND; SURFACE CLIMATE; GRAVITY-WAVES; VARIABILITY; THERMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; SIMULATIONS AB High-resolution, ground-based and independent observations including co-located wind radiometer, lidar stations, and infrasound instruments are used to evaluate the accuracy of general circulation models and data-constrained assimilation systems in the middle atmosphere at northern hemisphere midlatitudes. Systematic comparisons between observations, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses including the recent Integrated Forecast System cycles 38r1 and 38r2, the NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalyses, and the free-running climate Max Planck Institute-Earth System Model-Low Resolution (MPI-ESM-LR) are carried out in both temporal and spectral domains. We find that ECMWF and MERRA are broadly consistent with lidar and wind radiometer measurements up to similar to 40 km. For both temperature and horizontal wind components, deviations increase with altitude as the assimilated observations become sparser. Between 40 and 60km altitude, the standard deviation of the mean difference exceeds 5 K for the temperature and 20m/s for the zonal wind. The largest deviations are observed in winter when the variability from large-scale planetary waves dominates. Between lidar data and MPI-ESM-LR, there is an overall agreement in spectral amplitude down to 15-20 days. At shorter time scales, the variability is lacking in the model by similar to 10 dB. Infrasound observations indicate a general good agreement with ECWMF wind and temperature products. As such, this study demonstrates the potential of the infrastructure of the Atmospheric Dynamics Research Infrastructure in Europe project that integrates various measurements and provides a quantitative understanding of stratosphere-troposphere dynamical coupling for numerical weather prediction applications. C1 [Le Pichon, A.; Assink, J. D.; Heinrich, P.; Blanc, E.] CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France. [Charlton-Perez, A.; Lee, C. F.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Keckhut, P.; Hauchecorne, A.] LATMOS IPSL, Guyancourt, France. [Ruefenacht, R.; Kaempfer, N.] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Drob, D. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Geospace Sci & Technol Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Smets, P. S. M.; Evers, L. G.] KNMI, Seismol & Acoust, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Smets, P. S. M.; Evers, L. G.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Geosci & Engn, Delft, Netherlands. [Ceranna, L.; Pilger, C.; Ross, O.] BGR, Hannover, Germany. [Claud, C.] Ecole Polytech, LMD IPSL, Palaiseau, France. RP Le Pichon, A (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France. EM alexis.le-pichon@cea.fr RI Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; Blanc, Elisabeth/D-3890-2009; OI Blanc, Elisabeth/0000-0002-1599-4736; Smets, Pieter/0000-0003-0394-0973; Claud, Chantal/0000-0001-7613-9525; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220 FU European Union [284387] FX This work was partly performed during the course of the ARISE design study project, funded by the Seventh Framework Program (FP7) of the European Union (grant 284387), that aims to design a novel infrastructure by integrating new type of high-resolution MA observation networks. The data presented in this paper are available through the ARISE prototype data portal (accessible via the project website http://arise-project.eu). We thank the infrasound station operators at CEA (Ph. Millier, F. Tinel, and J.M. Koenig), the research group at OHP (J.M. Perrin) for hosting the infrasound experimental array and operating the Rayleigh lidar equipment, and Th. Leblanc for guaranteeing the long-term high-quality lidar measurements at Table Mountain facility which contribute to the NDACC database. D.P. Drob acknowledges support from the Chief of Naval Research, Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 base research program. The authors are also grateful to Pr. Adrian Simmons (ECMWF) for his interest in this study and helpful comments. Some of the data used in this publication were obtained as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and are publicly available (accessible via http://www.ndacc.org). The NASA MERRA data used in this study have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive (http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/). NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 16 BP 8318 EP 8331 DI 10.1002/2015JD023273 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU3KX UT WOS:000363425200019 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, A Crosbie, E Maudlin, LC Youn, JS Wang, Z Shingler, T Ortega, AM Hersey, S Woods, RK AF Sorooshian, Armin Crosbie, Ewan Maudlin, Lindsay C. Youn, Jong-Sang Wang, Zhen Shingler, Taylor Ortega, Amber M. Hersey, Scott Woods, Roy K. TI Surface and airborne measurements of organosulfur and methanesulfonate over the western United States and coastal areas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ISOPRENE-DERIVED ORGANOSULFATES; 2011 E-PEACE; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AMBIENT AEROSOLS; MARINE AEROSOL; CLOUD-WATER; LOS-ANGELES; AROMATIC ORGANOSULFATES AB This study reports on ambient measurements of organosulfur (OS) and methanesulfonate (MSA) over the western United States and coastal areas. Particulate OS levels are highest in summertime and generally increase as a function of sulfate (a precursor) and sodium (a marine tracer) with peak levels at coastal sites. The ratio of OS to total sulfur is also highest at coastal sites, with increasing values as a function of normalized difference vegetation index and the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon. Correlative analysis points to significant relationships between OS and biogenic emissions from marine and continental sources, factors that coincide with secondary production, and vanadium due to a suspected catalytic role. A major OS species, methanesulfonate (MSA), was examined with intensive field measurements, and the resulting data support the case for vanadium's catalytic influence. Mass size distributions reveal a dominant MSA peak between aerodynamic diameters of 0.32-0.56 mu m at a desert and coastal site with nearly all MSA mass (>= 84%) in submicrometer sizes; MSA: non-sea-salt sulfate ratios vary widely as a function of particle size and proximity to the ocean. Airborne data indicate that relative to the marine boundary layer, particulate MSA levels are enhanced in urban and agricultural areas and also the free troposphere when impacted by biomass burning. Some combination of fires and marine-derived emissions leads to higher MSA levels than either source alone. Finally, MSA differences in cloud water and out-of-cloud aerosol are discussed. C1 [Sorooshian, Armin; Wang, Zhen; Shingler, Taylor; Ortega, Amber M.] Univ Arizona, Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sorooshian, Armin; Crosbie, Ewan; Maudlin, Lindsay C.] Univ Arizona, Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, Armin; Youn, Jong-Sang] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hersey, Scott] Franklin W Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA USA. [Woods, Roy K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program, NIH [2 P42 ES04940-11]; Center for Environmentally Sustainable Mining through TRIF Water Sustainability Program; ONR [N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-10-1-0811] FX All data and results are available from the corresponding author (armin@email.arizona.edu). This research was supported in part by grant 2 P42 ES04940-11 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program, NIH, and the Center for Environmentally Sustainable Mining through TRIF Water Sustainability Program funding at the University of Arizona. The measurements during NiCE were funded by ONR grants N00014-10-1-0200 and N00014-10-1-0811. Some of the analyses and visualizations used in this study were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. We acknowledge the sponsors of the IMPROVE network and the Pima County Department of Environmental Quality for data. The authors acknowledge Haflidi Jonsson and Barbara Ervens for their helpful discussions. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 16 BP 8535 EP 8548 DI 10.1002/2015JD023822 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU3KX UT WOS:000363425200031 PM 26413434 ER PT J AU Conlin, AMS Bukowinski, AT Gumbs, GR AF Conlin, Ava Marie S. Bukowinski, Anna T. Gumbs, Gia R. CA Dept Def Birth Infant Hlth Registr TI Analysis of pregnancy and infant health outcomes among women in the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry who received Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Maternal exposure; Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA); Congenital abnormalities; Pregnancy outcome ID UNITED-STATES; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RECOMMENDATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; MISCARRIAGE; TRENDS; VIRUS AB The National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry (NSVIPR) actively follows women inadvertently vaccinated with smallpox vaccine during or shortly before pregnancy to evaluate their reproductive health outcomes. Approximately 65% of NSVIPR participants also inadvertently received Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) while pregnant, providing a ready opportunity to evaluate pregnancy and infant health outcomes among these women. AVA-exposed pregnancies were ascertained using NSVIPR and electronic healthcare data. Rates of pregnancy loss and infant health outcomes, including major birth defects, were compared between AVA-exposed and AVA-unexposed pregnancies. Analyses included AVA-exposed and AVA-unexposed pregnant women who also received smallpox vaccine 28 days prior to or during pregnancy. Rates of adverse outcomes among the AVA-exposed group were similar to or lower than expected when compared with published reference rates and the AVA-unexposed population. The findings provide reassurance of the safety of AVA when inadvertently received by a relatively young and healthy population during pregnancy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Conlin, Ava Marie S.; Bukowinski, Anna T.; Gumbs, Gia R.; Dept Def Birth Infant Hlth Registr] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Conlin, AMS (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM avamarie.s.conlin.ctr@mail.mil FU Military Vaccine Agency; Emergent BioSolutions FX The National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry was partially funded by the Military Vaccine Agency. Emergent BioSolutions provided funding for the work reflected in this manuscript and contributed to the review and approval of the study design, and the review and approval of this written report. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 36 BP 4387 EP 4390 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.054 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CQ8OK UT WOS:000360867500006 PM 26049005 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Jiaheng Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Enforced Layer-by-Layer Stacking of Energetic Salts towards High-Performance Insensitive Energetic Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; PROPERTY PREDICTION; MOLECULAR DESIGN; PI-STACKING; SENSITIVITY; COCRYSTALS; DENSITY; DERIVATIVES; EXPLOSIVES; DETONATION AB Development of modern high-performance insensitive energetic materials is significant because of the increasing demands for both military and civilian applications. Here we propose a rapid and facile strategy called the "layer hydrogen bonding pairing approach" to organize energetic molecules via layer-by-layer stacking, which grants access to tunable energetic materials with targeted properties. Using this strategy, an unusual energetic salt, hydroxylammonium 4-amino-furazan-3-yl-tetrazol-1-olate, with good detonation performances and excellent sensitivities, was designed, synthesized, and fully characterized. In addition, the expected unique layer-by-layer structure with a high crystal packing coefficient was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Calculations indicate that the layer-stacking structure of this material can absorb the mechanical stimuli-induced kinetic energy by converting it to layer sliding, which results in low sensitivity. C1 [Zhang, Jiaheng; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.; Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI Mitchell, Lauren/0000-0002-1311-0108 FU Office of Naval Research [NOOO14-12-1-0536]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-11-1-0034]; CFD Research Corporation FX Financial support from the Office of Naval Research (NOOO14-12-1-0536), the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-11-1-0034), and CFD Research Corporation is gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 10 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 33 BP 10532 EP 10535 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b07852 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CQ0XF UT WOS:000360321100023 PM 26262555 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Contin, G Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cudd, AB Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olvitt, DL Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cudd, A. B. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yu, N. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Precision Measurement of the Longitudinal Double-Spin Asymmetry for Inclusive Jet Production in Polarized Proton Collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; UNCERTAINTIES AB We report a new measurement of the midrapidity inclusive jet longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, A(LL), in polarized pp collisions at center-of-mass energy root s = 200 GeV. The STAR data place stringent constraints on polarized parton distribution functions extracted at next-to-leading order from global analyses of inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS), semi-inclusive DIS, and RHIC pp data. The measured asymmetries provide evidence at the 3 sigma level for positive gluon polarization in the Bjorken-x region x > 0.05. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Xu, J.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Pachr, M.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305806, South Korea. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Greiner, L.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevens, J. R.; Van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Campbell, J. M.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Aparin, A.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Cudd, A. B.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cramer, J. G.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Putschke, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; FU RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We would like to thank J. Blumlein, H. Bottcher, E. Leader, E. Nocera, D. B. Stamenov, M. Stratmann, and W. Vogelsang for information regarding their respective polarized PDF sets and their uncertainties. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, the National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 9 AR 092002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.092002 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CP7KJ UT WOS:000360065900003 PM 26371644 ER PT J AU Mait, JN Beadie, G Milojkovic, P Flynn, RA AF Mait, Joseph N. Beadie, Guy Milojkovic, Predrag Flynn, Richard A. TI Chromatic analysis and design of a first-order radial GRIN lens SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT-INDEX LENSES; INHOMOGENEOUS LENSES; PARAXIAL ABERRATIONS; OPTICS; MEDIA AB From the expression for optical power of a radial first-order graded-index (GRIN) lens with curved surfaces, we derive an expression for chromatic aberration. Our expressions for optical power and chromatic aberration are valid under the paraxial approximation. By applying a series of further simplifying assumptions, namely a thin lens and thin GRIN, we derive a set of equations with which one can design an achromatic GRIN lens. We also derive expressions for the dispersive property of a GRIN element. Our analysis enables us to derive the relationship between material pairs that indicate their suitability as a material pair for a GRIN achromat. We use this relationship to search a standard glass catalog for attractive GRIN material pairs for a particular achromat design. We compare the optical performance of our GRIN design to that of a conventional homogeneous doublet and demonstrate that our approach is capable of identifying material pairs that perform well for achromatic GRIN lenses which would not generally be considered for conventional achromatic design. We also demonstrate our approach is capable of designing GRIN achromats with superior performance. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Mait, Joseph N.; Milojkovic, Predrag] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Beadie, Guy; Flynn, Richard A.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mait, JN (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM joseph.n.mait2.civ@mail.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 24 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 17 BP 22069 EP 22086 DI 10.1364/OE.23.022069 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA CS9NR UT WOS:000362418300047 PM 26368181 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JD Specht, P Anderson, TJ Koehler, AD Weaver, BD Luysberg, M Dubon, OD Kub, FJ Weatherford, TR Hobart, KD AF Greenlee, Jordan D. Specht, Petra Anderson, Travis J. Koehler, Andrew D. Weaver, Bradley D. Luysberg, Martina Dubon, Oscar D. Kub, Francis J. Weatherford, Todd R. Hobart, Karl D. TI Degradation mechanisms of 2MeV proton irradiated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; RADIATION; DEVICES AB Proton-induced damage in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs was investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and simulated using a Monte Carlo technique. The results were correlated to electrical degradation using Hall measurements. It was determined by EDS that the interface between GaN and AlGaN in the irradiated HEMT was broadened by 2.2 nm, as estimated by the width of the Al EDS signal compared to the as-grown interface. The simulation results show a similar Al broadening effect. The extent of interfacial roughening was examined using high resolution TEM. At a 2 MeV proton fluence of 6 x 10(14) H+/cm(2), the electrical effects associated with the Al broadening and surface roughening include a degradation of the ON-resistance and a decrease in the electron mobility and 2DEG sheet carrier density by 28.9% and 12.1%, respectively. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Greenlee, Jordan D.; Anderson, Travis J.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Weaver, Bradley D.; Kub, Francis J.; Hobart, Karl D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Specht, Petra; Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Luysberg, Martina] Res Ctr Juelich GmbH, ERC, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Weatherford, Todd R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Greenlee, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jordan.greenlee.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Luysberg, Martina/B-6448-2014; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 OI Luysberg, Martina/0000-0002-5613-7570; FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency, DTRA [MIPR-HDTRA1412411]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX Work at NCEM, a facility of the Molecular Foundry, was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, DTRA MIPR-HDTRA1412411. This research was performed while J. D. Greenlee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 8 AR 083504 DI 10.1063/1.4929583 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CQ4SC UT WOS:000360593900071 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, JH Chen, X Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng, Z Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, S Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Haque, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, X Huang, HZ Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jiang, K Judd, EG Jung, K Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Kochenda, L Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, X Li, C Li, W Li, ZM Li, Y Li, X Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, YG Ma, GL Ma, L Ma, R Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, D Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, D Page, BS Pak, R Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, MK Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stepanov, M Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, B Sun, X Sun, Z Sun, XM Sun, Y Surrow, B Svirida, N Szelezniak, MA Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, AN Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, G Wang, Y Wang, F Wang, Y Wang, H Wang, JS Webb, JC Webb, G Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, ZG Xie, W Xin, K Xu, QH Xu, Z Xu, H Xu, N Xu, YF Yang, Q Yang, Y Yang, S Yang, Y Yang, C Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, XP Zhang, J Zhang, Y Zhang, J Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, Z Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng, Z. Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, S. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, X. Huang, H. Z. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Jung, K. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Kochenda, L. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, X. Li, C. Li, W. Li, Z. M. Li, Y. Li, X. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, Y. G. Ma, G. L. Ma, L. Ma, R. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D., Jr. Page, B. S. Pak, R. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, M. K. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stepanov, M. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. Sun, X. Sun, Z. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Surrow, B. Svirida, N. Szelezniak, M. A. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. N. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Webb, J. C. Webb, G. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. G. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Y. F. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Measurements of dielectron production in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV from the STAR experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; SUPER-PROTON SYNCHROTRON; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; DILEPTON PRODUCTION; CHIRAL RESTORATION; TRANSPORT APPROACH; SPS ENERGIES; CERN-SPS; MULTIPLICITY; FLOW AB We report on measurements of dielectron (e(+) e(-)) production in Au + Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon-nucleon pair using the STAR detector at BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Systematic measurements of the dielectron yield as a function of transverse momentum (p(T)) and collision centrality show an enhancement compared to a cocktail simulation of hadronic sources in the low invariant-mass region (M-ee < 1 GeV / c(2)). This enhancement cannot be reproduced by the rho-meson vacuum spectral function. In minimum-bias collisions, in the invariant-mass range of 0.30-0.76 GeV / c(2), integrated over the full pT acceptance, the enhancement factor is 1.76 +/- 0.06 (stat.) +/- 0.26 (sys.) +/- 0.29 (cocktail). The enhancement factor exhibits weak centrality and pT dependence in STAR's accessible kinematic regions, while the excess yield in this invariant-mass region as a function of the number of participating nucleons follows a power-law shape with a power of 1.44 +/- 0.10. Models that assume an in-medium broadening of the rho-meson spectral function consistently describe the observed excess in these measurements. Additionally, we report on measurements of omega-and phi-meson production through their e+ e(-) decay channel. These measurements show good agreement with Tsallis blast-wave model predictions, as well as, in the case of the phi meson, results through its K+ K- decay channel. In the intermediate invariant-mass region (1.1 < Mee < 3 GeV / c(2)), we investigate the spectral shapes from different collision centralities. Physics implications for possible in-medium modification of charmed hadron production and other physics sources are discussed. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Heppelmann, S.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Feng, Z.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Shi, S. S.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kochenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Jung, K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stepanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, Q.; Yang, S.; Yang, C.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, L.; Shah, N.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Kauder, K.; Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A. N.] WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013 OI Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF [CNRS/IN2P3]; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; MoST of China (973 Program) [2014CB845400, 2015CB856900]; MoE of China; CAS; Korean Research Foundation; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank Prof. Ralf Rapp for discussions and clarifications on model calculations. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported, in part, by the Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; the NNSFC, the MoST of China (973 Program No. 2014CB845400, 2015CB856900), CAS, the MoE of China; the Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation (Grant No. NRF-2012004024); the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG 24 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 024912 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.024912 PG 35 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA CP5SK UT WOS:000359944200007 ER PT J AU Tremblay, GR O'Dea, CP Baum, SA Mittal, R McDonald, MA Combes, F Li, Y McNamara, BR Bremer, MN Clarke, TE Donahue, M Edge, AC Fabian, AC Hamer, SL Hogan, MT Oonk, JBR Quillen, AC Sanders, JS Salome, P Voit, GM AF Tremblay, G. R. O'Dea, C. P. Baum, S. A. Mittal, R. McDonald, M. A. Combes, F. Li, Y. McNamara, B. R. Bremer, M. N. Clarke, T. E. Donahue, M. Edge, A. C. Fabian, A. C. Hamer, S. L. Hogan, M. T. Oonk, J. B. R. Quillen, A. C. Sanders, J. S. Salome, P. Voit, G. M. TI Far-ultraviolet morphology of star-forming filaments in cool core brightest cluster galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; galaxies: star formation ID GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK; RAY-LUMINOUS CLUSTERS; CENTRAL-DOMINANT-GALAXIES; X-RAY; FLOW CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR GAS; EMISSION-LINE; HYDRA-A; PERSEUS CLUSTER; ABELL 2597 AB We present a multiwavelength morphological analysis of star-forming clouds and filaments in the central (a parts per thousand(2)50 kpc) regions of 16 low-redshift (z < 0.3) cool core brightest cluster galaxies. New Hubble Space Telescope imaging of far-ultraviolet continuum emission from young (a parts per thousand(2)10 Myr), massive (a parts per thousand(3)5 M-aS (TM)) stars reveals filamentary and clumpy morphologies, which we quantify by means of structural indices. The FUV data are compared with X-ray, Ly alpha, narrow-band H alpha, broad-band optical/IR, and radio maps, providing a high spatial resolution atlas of star formation locales relative to the ambient hot (similar to 10(7-8) K) and warm ionized (similar to 10(4) K) gas phases, as well as the old stellar population and radio-bright active galactic nucleus (AGN) outflows. Nearly half of the sample possesses kpc-scale filaments that, in projection, extend towards and around radio lobes and/or X-ray cavities. These filaments may have been uplifted by the propagating jet or buoyant X-ray bubble, or may have formed in situ by cloud collapse at the interface of a radio lobe or rapid cooling in a cavity's compressed shell. The morphological diversity of nearly the entire FUV sample is reproduced by recent hydrodynamical simulations in which the AGN powers a self-regulating rain of thermally unstable star-forming clouds that precipitate from the hot atmosphere. In this model, precipitation triggers where the cooling-to-free-fall time ratio is t(cool)/t(ff) similar to 10. This condition is roughly met at the maximal projected FUV radius for more than half of our sample, and clustering about this ratio is stronger for sources with higher star formation rates. C1 [Tremblay, G. R.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Tremblay, G. R.] Yale Univ, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Tremblay, G. R.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Baum, S. A.] Univ Manitoba, Fac Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Baum, S. A.; Mittal, R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Mittal, R.] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitationsphys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [McDonald, M. A.] MIT, Kavil Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Combes, F.; Hamer, S. L.; Salome, P.] CNRS, LERMA, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Li, Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McNamara, B. R.; Hogan, M. T.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 2G1, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bremer, M. N.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Clarke, T. E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Donahue, M.; Voit, G. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Edge, A. C.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Edge, A. C.] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Oonk, J. B. R.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Quillen, A. C.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Sanders, J. S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Tremblay, GR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, 217 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM grant.tremblay@yale.edu OI Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; Tremblay, Grant/0000-0002-5445-5401; Li, Yuan/0000-0001-5262-6150; Sanders, Jeremy/0000-0003-2189-4501; Voit, Gerard/0000-0002-3514-0383 FU NASA [PF-150128, NAS8-03060, NNX12AH41G, NNX12AC98G, ATP12-ATP12-0017, NAS8-39073, 5-26555]; European Southern Observatory (ESO) Fellowship - European Community [229517]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Award [PF-150128]; NSF [AST-0908390, AST-1008134, AST-1210890, AST-1008454]; NASA through Chandra award [G06-7115B]; 6.1 Base funds FX The authors thank Drs. Richard Bower, Tim Davis, Bill Forman, Nina Hatch, Claudia Lagos, Robert Laing, Jason Spyromilio, and Aurora Simionescu for thoughtful discussions. GRT acknowledges support from a NASA Einstein Fellowship under award number PF-150128, as well as a European Southern Observatory (ESO) Fellowship partially funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (/FP7/2007-2013/) under grant agreement number 229517. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Award Number PF-150128 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. YE acknowledges financial support from NSF grants AST-0908390, AST-1008134, AST-1210890, AST-1008454, NASA grants NNX12AH41G, NNX12AC98G, and ATP12-ATP12-0017, as well as computational resources from NASA, NSF XSEDE and Columbia University. TEC was partially supported by NASA through Chandra award G06-7115B issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-39073. Basic research into radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 Base funds. This paper is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hobble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract 5-26555. This research made use of Astropy, a community-developed core grams package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013). We have also made extensive use of the NASA Astrophysics Data System bibliographic services and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. under contract with NASA. NR 168 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 451 IS 4 BP 3768 EP 3800 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv1151 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ8HA UT WOS:000360846400030 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Yan, DH Zhang, L Finke, JD Lott, B AF Dermer, Charles D. Yan, Dahai Zhang, Li Finke, Justin D. Lott, Benoit TI NEAR-EQUIPARTITION JETS WITH LOG-PARABOLA ELECTRON ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND THE BLAZAR SPECTRAL-INDEX DIAGRAMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SCALE RADIO JETS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC JETS; STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION; COMPTON-SCATTERING; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SIMPLIFIED VIEW AB Fermi-LAT analyses show that the gamma-ray photon spectral indices Gamma(gamma) of a large sample of blazars correlate with the vF(v) peak synchrotron frequency ns according to the relation Gamma(gamma) =d-k log v(s). The same function, with different constants d and k, also describes the relationship between Gamma(gamma) and peak Compton frequency nC. This behavior is derived analytically using an equipartition blazar model with a log-parabola description of the electron energy distribution (EED). In the Thomson regime, k=k(EC)=3b/4 for external Compton (EC) processes and k=k(SSC)=9b/16for synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) processes, where b is the log-parabola width parameter of the EED. The BL Lac object Mrk 501 is fit with a synchrotron/SSC model given by the log-parabola EED, and is best fit away from equipartition. Corrections are made to the spectral-index diagrams for a low-energy power-law EED and departures from equipartition, as constrained by absolute jet power. Analytic expressions are compared with numerical values derived from self-Compton and EC scattered gamma-ray spectra from Lya broad-line region and IR target photons. The Gamma(gamma) versus ns behavior in the model depends strongly on b, with progressively and predictably weaker dependences on gamma-ray detection range, variability time, and isotropic gamma-ray luminosity. Implications for blazar unification and blazars as ultra-high energy cosmic-ray sources are discussed. Arguments by Ghisellini et al. that the jet power exceeds the accretion luminosity depend on the doubtful assumption that we are viewing at the Doppler angle. C1 [Dermer, Charles D.; Finke, Justin D.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yan, Dahai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Yan, Dahai; Zhang, Li] Yunnan Univ, Dept Astron, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Lott, Benoit] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan,UMR 579, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil OI Yan, Dahai/0000-0003-4895-1406 NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 2 AR 174 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/174 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9EC UT WOS:000361655100067 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Wang, YM AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Wang, Y. -M. TI THE RECENT REJUVENATION OF THE SUN'S LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC FIELD: A CLUE FOR UNDERSTANDING PAST AND FUTURE SUNSPOT CYCLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: magnetic fields; sunspots ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; CORONAL INFLOWS; SOLAR MINIMUM; CURRENT SHEET; MODULATION; INTERPLANETARY; DEPENDENCE; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; PHASE AB The quiet nature of sunspot cycle 24 was disrupted during the second half of 2014 when the Sun's large-scale field underwent a sudden rejuvenation: the solar mean field reached its highest value since 1991, the interplanetary field strength doubled, and galactic cosmic rays showed their strongest 27-day modulation since neutron-monitor observations began in 1957; in the outer corona, the large increase of field strength was reflected by unprecedentedly large numbers of coronal loops collapsing inward along the heliospheric current sheet. Here, we show that this rejuvenation was not caused by a significant increase in the level of solar activity as measured by the smoothed sunspot number and CME rate, but instead was caused by the systematic emergence of flux in active regions whose longitudinal distribution greatly increased the Sun's dipole moment. A similar post-maximum increase in the dipole moment occurred during each of the previous three sunspot cycles, and marked the start of the declining phase of each cycle. We note that the north-south component of this peak dipole moment provides an early indicator of the amplitude of the next cycle, and conclude that the amplitude of cycle 25 may be comparable to that of cycle 24, and well above the amplitudes obtained during the Maunder Minimum. C1 [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Wang, Y. -M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU National Science Foundation; University of Delaware; NASA; CNR FX We are grateful to the NSO, WSO, and MDI/HMI science teams for providing solar magnetic field measurements. We are grateful to John Bieber for introducing us to the neutron monitor data of the Bartol Research Institute, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the University of Delaware, and to the European Union Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB). We are also grateful for on-line IMF measurements from the NASA Omniweb Database. We are pleased to acknowledge useful discussions and a variety of help and advice from J. W. Bieber (UDEL), E. Endeve (ORNL), T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), K. Jain (NSO), J. R. Jokipii (UA), B. McKibben (UNH), R. A. Mewalt (Caltech), D. V. Reames (UMD), A. Tylka (NASA/GSFC), I. Ugarte-Urra (GMU), A. Vourlidas (JHU/APL), and H. P. Warren (NRL). We are grateful to Nathan Rich (NRL) and Lynn Hutting (NRL) for providing high-quality LASCO C2 observations and for their help with software problems. Financial support was provided by NASA and CNR. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 2 AR 113 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/113 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9EC UT WOS:000361655100006 ER PT J AU Young, AH Mroczkowski, T Romero, C Sayers, J Balestra, I Clarke, TE Czakon, N Devlin, M Dicker, SR Ferrari, C Girardi, M Golwala, S Intema, H Korngut, PM Mason, BS Mercurio, A Nonino, M Reese, ED Rosati, P Sarazin, C Umetsu, K AF Young, Alexander H. Mroczkowski, Tony Romero, Charles Sayers, Jack Balestra, Italo Clarke, Tracy E. Czakon, Nicole Devlin, Mark Dicker, Simon R. Ferrari, Chiara Girardi, Marisa Golwala, Sunil Intema, Huib Korngut, Phillip M. Mason, Brian S. Mercurio, Amata Nonino, Mario Reese, Erik D. Rosati, Piero Sarazin, Craig Umetsu, Keiichi TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN MACS J0647.7+7015 AND MACS J1206.2-0847 AT HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION WITH MUSTANG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J0647.7+7015, MACS J1206.2-0847); galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS; GREEN-BANK-TELESCOPE; GREATER-THAN 0.5; PRESSURE PROFILES; SCALING RELATIONS; LENSING ANALYSIS; RELATIVISTIC CORRECTIONS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; COMPLETE SAMPLE; RX J1347-1145 AB We present high resolution (9 '') imaging of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) toward two massive galaxy clusters, MACS J0647.7+ 7015 (z = 0.591) and MACS J1206.2-0847 (z = 0.439). We compare these 90 GHz measurements, taken with the Multiplexed Squid/TES Array at Ninety Gigahertz (MUSTANG) receiver on the Green Bank Telescope, with generalized Navarro-Frenk-White (gNFW) models derived from Bolocam 140 GHz SZE data as well as maps of the thermal gas derived from Chandra X-ray observations. We adopt a serial-fitting approach, in which gNFW models are first fit to the Bolocam data and then compared to the MUSTANG data to determine an overall best-fit model. For MACS J0647.7+ 7015, we find a gNFW profile with core slope parameter gamma = 0.9 fits the MUSTANG image with chi(2)(red) = 1.005 and probability to exceed (PTE) = 0.34. For MACS J1206.2-0847, we find gamma = 0.7, chi(2)(red) = 0.993 and PTE = 0.70. In addition, we find a significant (> 3 sigma) residual SZE feature in MACS J1206.2-0847 coincident with a group of galaxies identified in Very Large Telescope data and filamentary structure found in a weak-lensing mass reconstruction. We suggest the detected sub-structure may be the SZE decrement from a low mass foreground group or an infalling group. Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope measurements at 610 MHz reveal diffuse extended radio emission to the west, which we posit is either an active galactic nucleus-driven radio lobe, a bubble expanding away from disturbed gas associated with the SZE signal, or a bubble detached and perhaps re-accelerated by sloshing within the cluster. Using the spectroscopic redshifts available,we find evidence for a foreground (z = 0.423) or infalling group, coincident with the residual SZE feature. C1 [Young, Alexander H.; Devlin, Mark; Dicker, Simon R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Young, Alexander H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mroczkowski, Tony; Clarke, Tracy E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Romero, Charles; Mason, Brian S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Romero, Charles; Sarazin, Craig] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Sayers, Jack; Golwala, Sunil; Korngut, Phillip M.] CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Balestra, Italo; Girardi, Marisa; Nonino, Mario] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Czakon, Nicole; Umetsu, Keiichi] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Ferrari, Chiara] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange,UMR 7293, F-06300 Nice, France. [Girardi, Marisa] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Sez Astron, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Intema, Huib] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Mercurio, Amata] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Reese, Erik D.] Moorpark Coll, Dept Phys Astron & Engn, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. [Rosati, Piero] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. RP Young, AH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM alyoung@sas.upenn.edu RI Intema, Huib/D-1438-2012; OI Intema, Huib/0000-0002-5880-2730; Nonino, Mario/0000-0001-6342-9662; Balestra, Italo/0000-0001-9660-894X; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372; Umetsu, Keiichi/0000-0002-7196-4822 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Jet Propulsion Laboratory Research and Technology Development Program; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC100-2112-M-001-008-MY3]; ESO VLT Large Programme [186.A-0798]; 6.1 Base funding; NSF [AST-0607654]; NASA [PF0-110077]; NASA through a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; NRAO Student Observing Support (SOS); NASA; Norris Foundation CCAT Postdoctoral Program Fellowship; [NSF/AST-1309032]; [NSF/AST-9618798]; [NSF/AST-0098737]; [NSF/AST-9980846]; [NSF/AST-0229008]; [NSF/AST-0206158]; [NSF/AST-1313447] FX We thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments that helped improve this manuscript. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The GBT+MUSTANG observations presented here were obtained with telescope time allocated under NRAO proposal IDs AGBT11A009, and AGBT11B001. Additional funding was provided by NSF/AST-1309032. The Bolocam observations presented here were obtained operating from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, which, when the data used in this analysis were taken, was operated by the California Institute of Technology under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Bolocam was constructed and commissioned using funds from NSF/AST-9618798, NSF/AST-0098737, NSF/AST-9980846, NSF/AST-0229008, and NSF/AST-0206158. Bolocam observations were partially supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Research and Technology Development Program, as well as the National Science Council of Taiwan grant NSC100-2112-M-001-008-MY3. The MACS J1206.2-0847 spectroscopic data were based on the ESO VLT Large Programme (prog. ID 186.A-0798, PI: P. Rosati). Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 Base funding. The late night assistance of the GBT operators Greg Monk, Donna Stricklin, Barry Sharp and Dave Rose was much appreciated during the observations. Much of the work presented here was supported by NSF grant AST-0607654. Support for TM was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF0-110077, and through a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Support for P.K. and A.Y. was provided by the NRAO Student Observing Support (SOS) and NASA Post-doctoral Fellowship programs. J.S. was partially supported by a Norris Foundation CCAT Postdoctoral Program Fellowship and by NSF/AST-1313447. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 2 AR 185 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/185 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9EC UT WOS:000361655100078 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. TI CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AND THE SOLAR CYCLE VARIATION OF THE SUN'S OPEN FLUX SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: activity; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere; Sun: magnetic fields ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; INTERPLANETARY; STRENGTH; LINES AB The strength of the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), which is a measure of the Sun's total open flux, is observed to vary by roughly a factor of two over the 11 year solar cycle. Several recent studies have proposed that the Sun's open flux consists of a constant or "floor" component that dominates at sunspot minimum, and a time-varying component due to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Here, we point out that CMEs cannot account for the large peaks in the IMF strength which occurred in 2003 and late 2014, and which coincided with peaks in the Sun's equatorial dipole moment. We also show that near-Earth interplanetary CMEs, as identified in the catalog of Richardson and Cane, contribute at most similar to 30% of the average radial IMF strength even during sunspot maximum. We conclude that the long-term variation of the radial IMF strength is determined mainly by the Sun's total dipole moment, with the quadrupole moment and CMEs providing an additional boost near sunspot maximum. Most of the open flux is rooted in coronal holes, whose solar cycle evolution in turn reflects that of the Sun's lowest-order multipoles. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.; Sheeley, N. R., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil FU CNR FX We are greatly indebted to J. W. Harvey, I. G. Richardson, D. G. Socker, and R. K. Ulrich for helpful discussions. This work was supported by CNR. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 2 AR L24 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/809/2/L24 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ6LI UT WOS:000360715500007 ER PT J AU Spinner, NS Love, CT Rose-Pehrsson, SL Tuttle, SG AF Spinner, Neil S. Love, Corey T. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Tuttle, Steven G. TI Expanding the Operational Limits of the Single-Point Impedance Diagnostic for Internal Temperature Monitoring of Lithium-ion Batteries SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy; Lithium-Ion; Temperature Diagnostic ID LI-ION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; LITHIATED GRAPHITE; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; SHORT-CIRCUIT; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; OVERCHARGE; MECHANISMS; ELECTRODES AB Instantaneous internal temperature monitoring of a commercial 18650 LiCoO2 lithium-ion battery was performed using a single-point EIS measurement. A correlation between the imaginary impedance, -Z(imag), and internal temperature at 300 Hz was developed that was independent of the battery's state of charge. An Arrhenius-type dependence was applied, and the activation energy for SEI ionic conductivity was found to be 0.13 eV. Two separate temperature-time experiments were conducted with different sequences of temperature, and single-point impedance tests at 300 Hz were performed to validate the correlation. Limitations were observed with the upper temperature range (68 degrees C < T< 95 degrees C), and consequently a secondary, empirical fit was applied for this upper range to improve accuracy. Average differences between actual and fit temperatures decreased around 3-7 degrees C for the upper range with the secondary correlation. The impedance response at this frequency corresponded to the anode/SEI layer, and the SEI is reported to be thermally stable up to around 100 degrees C, at which point decomposition may occur leading to battery deactivation and/or total failure. It is therefore of great importance to be able to track internal battery temperatures up to this critical point of 100 degrees C, and this work demonstrates an expansion of the single-point EIS diagnostic to these elevated temperatures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spinner, Neil S.; Love, Corey T.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Tuttle, Steven G.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Spinner, Neil S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Tuttle, SG (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.tuttle@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [40001414WX20004] FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research (award number 40001414WX20004) for financial support of this work. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 174 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.003 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA CP4SR UT WOS:000359873400062 ER PT J AU Khosla, T Cremaldi, J Erickson, JS Pesika, NS AF Khosla, Tushar Cremaldi, Joseph Erickson, Jeffrey S. Pesika, Noshir S. TI Load-Induced Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Porous Films SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE lubrication; biomimetic; surface structure; friction; cartilage; aqueous lubricant ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; FRICTION; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; JOINTS AB We present an exploratory study of the tribological properties and mechanisms of porous polymer surfaces under applied loads in aqueous media. We show how it is possible to change the lubrication regime from boundary lubrication to hydrodynamic lubrication even at relatively low shearing velocities by the addition of vertical pores to a compliant polymer. It is hypothesized that the compressed, pressurized liquid in the pores produces a repulsive hydrodynamic force as it extrudes from the pores. The presence of the fluid between two shearing surfaces results in low coefficients of friction (mu approximate to 0.31). The coefficient of friction is reduced further by using a boundary lubricant. The tribological properties are studied for a range of applied loads and shear velocities to demonstrate the potential applications of such materials in total joint replacement devices. C1 [Khosla, Tushar; Cremaldi, Joseph; Pesika, Noshir S.] Tulane Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Erickson, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pesika, NS (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM npesika@tulane.edu RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011 FU NSF [CMMI-1301286]; ONR through U.S. Naval Research Laboratory base fund (NRL 6.1) [69-4640] FX This work was supported by NSF grant CMMI-1301286 and by ONR through U.S. Naval Research Laboratory base funds (NRL 6.1 WU#69-4640). The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be constructed as official or reflecting views of the U.S. Navy, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 32 BP 17587 EP 17591 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b05181 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CP6VU UT WOS:000360027100008 PM 26223011 ER PT J AU Morris, KF Billiot, EJ Billiot, FH Hoffman, CB Gladis, AA Lipkowitz, KB Southerland, WM Fang, YY AF Morris, Kevin F. Billiot, Eugene J. Billiot, Fereshteh H. Hoffman, Charlene B. Gladis, Ashley A. Lipkowitz, Kenny B. Southerland, William M. Fang, Yayin TI Molecular dynamics simulation and NMR investigation of the association of the beta-blockers atenolol and propranolol with a chiral molecular micelle SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics simulation; Chiral recognition; NMR ID POLYMERIC DIPEPTIDE SURFACTANTS; STATE FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY; AMINO-ACID ORDER; STERIC FACTORS; ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; SEPARATIONS; RECOGNITION; ENANTIOMERS AB Molecular dynamics simulations and NMR spectroscopy were used to compare the binding of two beta-blocker drugs to the chiral molecular micelle poly-(sodium undecyl-(L)-leucine-valine). The molecular micelle is used as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. This study is part of a larger effort to understand the mechanism of chiral recognition in capillary electrophoresis by characterizing the molecular micelle binding of chiral compounds with different geometries and charges. Propranolol and atenolol were chosen because their structures are similar, but their chiral interactions with the molecular micelle are different. Molecular dynamics simulations showed both propranolol enantiomers inserted their aromatic rings into the molecular micelle core and that (S)-propranolol associated more strongly with the molecular micelle than (R)-propranolol. This difference was attributed to stronger molecular micelle hydrogen bonding interactions experienced by (S)-propranolol. Atenolol enantiomers were found to bind near the molecular micelle surface and to have similar molecular micelle binding free energies. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morris, Kevin F.; Hoffman, Charlene B.; Gladis, Ashley A.] Carthage Coll, Dept Chem, Kenosha, WI 53140 USA. [Billiot, Eugene J.; Billiot, Fereshteh H.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Lipkowitz, Kenny B.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Southerland, William M.; Fang, Yayin] Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Fang, YY (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 520 W St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM yfang@howard.edu FU NIH [8G12 MD007597]; NSF [0449742]; Howard University College of Medicine BFPSAP; HU ADVANCE-IT mini Grant; NSF-RUI [1213532]; Robert A. Welch Chemistry Departmental Grant FX This work was supported by Grant #8G12 MD007597 from NIH to the RCMI program at Howard University. We also acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER Grant to E.J.B. (#0449742), a Howard University College of Medicine BFPSAP Grant and a HU ADVANCE-IT mini Grant to Y.F., an NSF-RUI Grant (#1213532) to F.H.B. and K.F.M., and a Robert A. Welch Chemistry Departmental Grant to the Chemistry Program at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. The generosity of the Ralph E. Klingenmeyer family is also acknowledged. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 457 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.05.024 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CO7FU UT WOS:000359325800020 PM 26257464 ER PT J AU Rohde, CA Martin, TP Guild, MD Layman, CN Naify, CJ Nicholas, M Thangawng, AL Calvo, DC Orris, GJ AF Rohde, Charles A. Martin, Theodore P. Guild, Matthew D. Layman, Christopher N. Naify, Christina J. Nicholas, Michael Thangawng, Abel L. Calvo, David C. Orris, Gregory J. TI Experimental Demonstration of Underwater Acoustic Scattering Cancellation SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLOAKING; TRANSPARENCY AB We explore an acoustic scattering cancellation shell for buoyant hollow cylinders submersed in a water background. A thin, low-shear, elastic coating is used to cancel the monopole scattering from an air-filled, neutrally buoyant steel shell for all frequencies where the wavelength is larger than the object diameter. By design, the uncoated shell also has an effective density close to the aqueous background, independently canceling its dipole scattering. Due to the significantly reduced monopole and dipole scattering, the compliant coating results in a hollow cylindrical inclusion that is simultaneously impedance and sound speed matched to the water background. We demonstrate the proposed cancellation method with a specific case, using an array of hollow steel cylinders coated with thin silicone rubber shells. These experimental results are matched to finite element modeling predictions, confirming the scattering reduction. Additional calculations explore the optimization of the silicone coating properties. Using this approach, it is found that scattering cross-sections can be reduced by 20 dB for all wavelengths up to k(0)alpha = 0.85. C1 [Rohde, Charles A.; Guild, Matthew D.] US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res Associate Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Martin, Theodore P.; Layman, Christopher N.; Naify, Christina J.; Nicholas, Michael; Thangawng, Abel L.; Calvo, David C.; Orris, Gregory J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rohde, CA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res Associate Program, Code 7160, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.rohde@nrl.navy.mil RI Martin, Theodore/H-1287-2016 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX This work was supported by Office of Naval Research and the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 13175 DI 10.1038/srep13175 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP1VJ UT WOS:000359664200001 PM 26282067 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Koo, HC Hang, SH Chang, J AF Johnson, Mark Koo, Hyun Cheol Hang, Suk Hee Chang, Joonyeon TI Spin injection in indium arsenide SO FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spintronics; spin injection; spin polarized current; Datta Das conductance oscillation; Rashba spin-orbit coupling; spin injected field effect transistor (Spin FET); spin transistor ID POLARIZATION; CHARGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; PRECESSION; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT; METALS; FILMS AB In a two dimensional electron system (2DES), coherent spin precession of a ballistic spin polarized current, controlled by the Rashba spin orbit interaction, is a remarkable phenomenon that's been observed only recently. Datta and Das predicted this precession would manifest as an oscillation in the source-drain conductance of the channel in a spin-injected field effect transistor (Spin FE I). The indium arsenide single quantum well materials system has proven to be ideal for experimental confirmation. The 2DES carriers have high mobility, low sheet resistance, and high spin orbit interaction. Techniques for electrical injection and detection of spin polarized carriers were developed over the last two decades. Adapting the proposed Spin FET to the Johnson Silsbee non-local geometry was a key to the first experimental demonstration of gate voltage controlled coherent spin precession. More recently, a new technique measured the oscillation as a function of channel length. This article gives an overview of the experimental phenomenology of the spin injection technique. We then review details of the application of the technique to InAs single quantum well (SQW) devices. The effective magnetic field associated with Rashba spin-orbit coupling is described, and a heuristic model of coherent spin precession is presented. The two successful empirical demonstrations of the Datta Das conductance oscillation are then described and discussed. C1 [Johnson, Mark] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Koo, Hyun Cheol; Hang, Suk Hee; Chang, Joonyeon] Korean Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Spintron, Seoul, South Korea. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.b.johnson@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA EPFL SCIENCE PARK, BLDG D, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-424X J9 FRONT PHYS JI Front. Physics PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 3 AR 62 DI 10.3389/fphys.2015.0062 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EB3LY UT WOS:000387267500001 ER PT J AU Yamazaki, Y Kosch, MJ Emmert, JT AF Yamazaki, Yosuke Kosch, Michael J. Emmert, John T. TI Evidence for stratospheric sudden warming effects on the upper thermosphere derived from satellite orbital decay data during 1967-2013 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; total mass density; stratospheric sudden warming; polar vortex weakening; satellite drag; vertical atmospheric coupling ID LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; PROPAGATING TIDES; MEAN STATE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; MIDDLE; CLIMATOLOGY; REANALYSIS AB We investigate possible impact of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) on the thermosphere by using long-term data of the global average thermospheric total mass density derived from satellite orbital drag during 1967-2013. Residuals are analyzed between the data and empirical Global Average Mass Density Model (GAMDM) that takes into account density variability due to solar activity, season, geomagnetic activity, and long-term trend. A superposed epoch analysis of 37 SSW events reveals a density reduction of 3-7% at 250-575km around the time of maximum polar vortex weakening. The relative density perturbation is found to be greater at higher altitudes. The temperature perturbation is estimated to be -7.0K at 400km. We show that the density reduction can arise from enhanced wave forcing from the lower atmosphere. C1 [Yamazaki, Yosuke; Kosch, Michael J.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Kosch, Michael J.] South African Natl Space Agcy, Hermanus, South Africa. [Emmert, John T.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Yamazaki, Y (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. EM y.yamazaki@lancaster.ac.uk OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 FU NERC [NE/K01207X/1]; Chief of Naval Research FX The magnetic index Ap was provided by the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ). The solar activity index F10.7 was provided by the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics. ERA-Interim and ERA-40 reanalyses are available at the ECMWF website (http://www.ecmwf.int/). The thermospheric density data and GAMDM values are available in the supporting information of Emmert [2015]. The TIE-GCM (version 1.95) is available at the website ( http://www.hao.ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/tiegcm1.95/). The numerical data for the data analysis and simulation results will be made available upon request. This work was made when Y.Y. was a visiting scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Y.Y. gratefully acknowledges useful discussion with Jeffrey Thayer, and Vicki Hsu. Y.Y. and M.J.K. were supported by NERC grant NE/K01207X/1. J.T.E. was supported by the Chief of Naval Research. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6180 EP 6188 DI 10.1002/2015GL065395 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2FM UT WOS:000360414900007 ER PT J AU Hu, J Menyuk, CR Wei, CL Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Hu, Jonathan Menyuk, Curtis R. Wei, Chengli Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. TI Highly efficient cascaded amplification using Pr3+-doped mid-infrared chalcogenide fiber amplifiers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2 MU-M; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; GLASS-FIBER; LASERS; IR; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; PR3+; PUMP AB We computationally investigate cascaded amplification in a three-level mid-infrared (IR) Pr3+-doped chalcogenide fiber amplifier. The overlap of the cross-sections in the transitions H-3(6) -> H-3(5) and H-3(5) -> H-3(4) enable both transitions to simultaneously amplify a single wavelength in the range between 4.25 mu m and 4.55 mu m. High gain and low noise are achieved simultaneously if the signal is at 4.5 mu m. We show that 45% of pump power that is injected at 2 mu m can be shifted to 4.5 mu m. The efficiency of using a mid-IR fiber amplifier is higher than what can be achieved by using mid-IR supercontinuum generation, which has been estimated at 25%. This mid-IR fiber amplifier can be used in conjunction with quantum cascade lasers to obtain a tunable, high-power mid-IR source. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, Jonathan; Wei, Chengli] Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, One Bear Pl 97356, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM jonathan_hu@baylor.edu RI Hu, Jonathan/A-8618-2011 FU Baylor University; Naval Research Laboratory FX Vice Provost for Research at Baylor University; Naval Research Laboratory. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 16 BP 3687 EP 3690 DI 10.1364/OL.40.003687 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CP2SQ UT WOS:000359727800002 PM 26274635 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Pande, CS Bernstein, N Johannes, MD Baker, C Villalobos, G AF Goswami, R. Pande, C. S. Bernstein, N. Johannes, M. D. Baker, C. Villalobos, G. TI A high degree of enhancement of strength of sputter deposited Al/Al2O3 multilayers upon post annealing SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Metal/ceramic multilayers; Advanced nanocomposites; Strengthening mechanisms; Modified Hall-Petch; DFT simulations ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; GRADIENT; COATINGS; SURFACE AB We report here an order of magnitude enhancement of strength of sputter deposited Al/Al2O3 multilayers after annealing. The increase in strength is shown to be mostly associated with the precipitation of extremely fine gamma-Al2O3, 5-10 nm in diameter, in Al layers. This provides a new method of achieving high strength in Al/Al2O3 multilayers that cannot be explained by the Koehler effect or modified Hall-Petch, which will lead to the growth and development of new generation of Al/Al2O3 multilayers. We also examine the fracture behavior of the post annealed Al/Al2O3 multilayered composites with TEM and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. DFT showed that the multilayers are not likely to delaminate at the Al/Al2O3 interface, consistent with the experimental observations. The simulations are also used to determine elastic constants for the gamma-Al2O3 phase and to calculate a driving force for O transport from the gamma-Al2O3 to the Al layers. The formation of these precipitates is consistent with DFT calculations, which predict an energetic driving force for the dissolution of O atoms from the gamma-Al2O3 layers into the Al layers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Goswami, R.; Pande, C. S.; Bernstein, N.; Johannes, M. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baker, C.; Villalobos, G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil FU Nano Science Institute (NSI) through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Nano Science Institute (NSI) through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program. Computer time at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center was provided through the DoD HPCMP. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 95 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.027 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CN7PJ UT WOS:000358626200040 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Yang, JS Erwin, SC Kanisawa, K Folsch, S AF Pan, Yi Yang, Jianshu Erwin, Steven C. Kanisawa, Kiyoshi Foelsch, Stefan TI Reconfigurable Quantum-Dot Molecules Created by Atom Manipulation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL ATOMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; COMPUTATION; SURFACE AB Quantum-dot molecules were constructed on a semiconductor surface using atom manipulation by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at 5 K. The molecules consist of several coupled quantum dots, each of which comprises a chain of charged adatoms that electrostatically confines intrinsic surface-state electrons. The coupling takes place across tunnel barriers created reversibly using the STM tip. These barriers have an invariant, reproducible atomic structure and can be positioned-and repeatedly repositioned-to create a series of reconfigurable quantum-dot molecules with atomic precision. C1 [Pan, Yi; Yang, Jianshu; Foelsch, Stefan] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanisawa, Kiyoshi] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. RP Pan, Y (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. RI Pan, Yi/D-5461-2011 FU German Research Foundation [FO 362/4-1]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX Financial support by the German Research Foundation (FO 362/4-1) is gratefully acknowledged. S. C. E. was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 7 AR 076803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.076803 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO9HF UT WOS:000359484800014 PM 26317740 ER PT J AU Baden, LR Goliath, G AF Baden, Lindsey R. Goliath, Gilbert TI Constipation Associated with a Lipoma SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Baden, Lindsey R.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Goliath, Gilbert] Thomas Mem Hosp, Charleston, WV USA. RP Baden, LR (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM curtis.hardy@me.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 13 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 7 BP 656 EP 656 DI 10.1056/NEJMicm1413283 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CP2LE UT WOS:000359707700010 ER PT J AU Salamanca-Riba, LG Isaacs, RA LeMieux, MC Wan, JY Gaskell, K Jiang, YP Wuttig, M Mansour, AN Rashkeev, SN Kuklja, MM Zavalij, PY Santiago, JR Hu, LB AF Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes G. Isaacs, Romaine A. LeMieux, Melburne C. Wan, Jiayu Gaskell, Karen Jiang, Yeping Wuttig, Manfred Mansour, Azzam N. Rashkeev, Sergey N. Kuklja, Maija M. Zavalij, Peter Y. Santiago, Jaime R. Hu, Liangbing TI Synthetic Crystals of Silver with Carbon: 3D Epitaxy of Carbon Nanostructures in the Silver Lattice SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE epitaxy; graphene; hybrid materials; nanostructures; silver ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COMPOSITE FILMS; LAYER GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE; NANOPARTICLES AB Only minimum amounts of carbon can be incorporated into silver, gold, and copper in a thermodynamically stable form. Here, the structure of stable silver carbon alloys is described, which are produced by thermoelectrically charging molten silver with carbon ions. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering are combined to establish that large amount of carbon is accommodated in the form of epitaxial graphene-like sheets. The carbon bonds covalently to the silver matrix as predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations with bond energies in the range 1.1-2.2 eV per atom or vacancy. Graphitic-like sheets embedded in the crystal lattice of silver form 3D epitaxial structures with the host metal with a strain of approximate to 13% compared to equilibrium graphene. The carbon nanostructures persist upon remelting and resolidification. A DFT-based analysis of the phonon density of states confirms the presence of intense vibration modes related to the AgC bonds observed in the Raman spectra of the alloy. The solid silver-high carbon alloy, termed Ag-covetic, displays room temperature electrical conductivity of 5.62 x 10(7) S m(-1) even for carbon concentrations of up to approximate to 6 wt% (36 at%). This process of incorporation of carbon presents a new paradigm for electrocharging assisted bulk processing. C1 [Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes G.; Isaacs, Romaine A.; LeMieux, Melburne C.; Wan, Jiayu; Wuttig, Manfred; Rashkeev, Sergey N.; Kuklja, Maija M.; Hu, Liangbing] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gaskell, Karen; Zavalij, Peter Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jiang, Yeping] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.; Santiago, Jaime R.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Rashkeev, Sergey N.] Qatar Fdn, Qatar Environm & Energy Res Inst, Doha, Qatar. RP Salamanca-Riba, LG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM riba@umd.edu RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Isaacs, Romaine/A-3453-2016; Hu, Liangbing/N-6660-2013 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Isaacs, Romaine/0000-0003-2401-7475; FU DARPA/ARL [W911NF13100]; ONR [N000141410042]; University of Maryland Faculty Incentives Program; Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program [0601152N]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE NERSC resources [DEAC02- 05CH11231]; Office of Director of NSF under IRD program FX This work was supported in part by DARPA/ARL under Contract No. W911NF13100, ONR under Contract No. N000141410042, the University of Maryland Faculty Incentives Program. The authors acknowledge the NISP laboratory at the University of Maryland for the use of the microscopy facilities. The Ag covetic samples were provided by Third Millennium Materials, LLC. A.N.M. acknowledges financial support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Ab initio calculations were performed by using DOE NERSC resources (Contract DEAC02- 05CH11231). M.M.K. is grateful to the Office of the Director of NSF for support under the IRD program. Any appearance of findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 54 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 25 IS 30 BP 4768 EP 4777 DI 10.1002/adfm.201501156 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CO7YX UT WOS:000359381300003 ER PT J AU Finke, JD Becker, PA AF Finke, Justin D. Becker, Peter A. TI FOURIER ANALYSIS OF BLAZAR VARIABILITY: KLEIN-NISHINA EFFECTS AND THE JET SCATTERING ENVIRONMENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; X-RAY VARIABILITY; TIME-DEPENDENT SIMULATIONS; EXTERNAL RADIATION-FIELDS; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; SELF-COMPTON MODELS; QUASAR PKS 1510-089; HIGH-POWER BLAZARS; GAMMA-RAY AB The strong variability of blazars can be characterized by power spectral densities (PSDs) and Fourier frequency-dependent time lags. In previous work, we created a new theoretical formalism for describing the PSDs and time lags produced via a combination of stochastic particle injection and emission via the synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and external Compton (EC) processes. This formalism used the Thomson cross section and simple delta-function approximations to model the synchrotron and Compton emissivities. Here we expand upon this work, using the full Compton cross section and detailed and accurate emissivities. Our results indicate good agreement between the PSDs computed using the delta-function approximations and those computed using the accurate expressions, provided the observed photons are produced primarily by electrons with energies exceeding the lower limit of the injected particle population. Breaks are found in the PSDs at frequencies corresponding to the cooling timescales of the electrons primarily responsible for the observed emission, and the associated time lags are related to the difference in electron cooling timescales between the two energy channels, as expected. If the electron cooling timescales can be determined from the observed time lags and/or the observed EC PSDs, then one could in principle use the method developed here to determine the energy of the external seed photon source for EC, which is an important unsolved problem in blazar physics. C1 [Finke, Justin D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Becker, Peter A.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil; pbecker@gmu.edu FU Chief of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the referee for helpful comments that have improved this manuscript, and to C. Dermer and S. Larsson for useful discussions. J.D.F. is supported by the Chief of Naval Research. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 1 AR 85 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/85 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR9DN UT WOS:000361653500085 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Carruthers, TF Menyuk, CR Hutchinson, MN Urick, VJ Williams, KJ AF Hu, Yue Carruthers, Thomas F. Menyuk, Curtis R. Hutchinson, Meredith N. Urick, Vincent J. Williams, Keith J. TI Simulation of a partially depleted absorber (PDA) photodetector SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT-IONIZATION; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; NOISE; FIELD; NONLINEARITY; CHARGE; MODEL; GAIN AB We use a 2D drift-diffusion model to study the nonlinear response of a partially depleted absorber (PDA) phododetector. The model includes external loading, incomplete ionization, the Franz-Keldysh effect, and history-dependent impact ionization. It also takes into account heat flow in the device. With all these effects included, we obtain excellent agreement with experiments for the responsivity and for the harmonic power at different modulation frequencies. The role of these different physical effects is elucidated, and we find that both the Franz-Keldysh effect and the load resistance play a key role in generating higher harmonic power at larger reverse biases. Increasing the size of the p-region absorption layers reduces the impact of the Franz-Keldysh effect. Decreasing the effective load resistance also decreases the higher harmonic powers. We also show that the model can suggest design changes that will improve device performance. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, Yue; Carruthers, Thomas F.; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hutchinson, Meredith N.; Urick, Vincent J.; Williams, Keith J.] Naval Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM yuehu1@umbc.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory FX Work at UMBC was partially supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. The 2D simulations were carried out at UMBC's high performance computing facility. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 16 BP 20402 EP 20417 DI 10.1364/OE.23.020402 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA CR0TP UT WOS:000361036400019 PM 26367895 ER PT J AU Clark, CJ Pletsch, HJ Wu, J Guillemot, L Ackermann, M Allen, B de Angelis, A Aulbert, C Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bock, O Bonino, R Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Champion, DJ Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cuellar, A Cutini, S D'Ammando, F Desiante, R Drell, PS Eggenstein, HB Favuzzi, C Fehrmann, H Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hays, E Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Horan, D Hou, X Jogler, T Johnson, AS Johannesson, G Kramer, M Krauss, F Kuss, M Laffon, H Larsson, S Latronico, L Li, J Li, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Machenschalk, B Manfreda, A Marelli, M Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orienti, M Orlando, E de Palma, F Paneque, D Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Parkinson, PMS Schaal, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Torne, P Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Vianello, G Wood, KS Wood, M Yassine, M AF Clark, C. J. Pletsch, H. J. Wu, J. Guillemot, L. Ackermann, M. Allen, B. de Angelis, A. Aulbert, C. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bock, O. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Champion, D. J. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cuellar, A. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. Desiante, R. Drell, P. S. Eggenstein, H. B. Favuzzi, C. Fehrmann, H. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Hou, X. Jogler, T. Johnson, A. S. Johannesson, G. Kramer, M. Krauss, F. Kuss, M. Laffon, H. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Li, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Machenschalk, B. Manfreda, A. Marelli, M. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. de Palma, F. Paneque, D. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schaal, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Torne, P. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yassine, M. TI PSR J1906+0722: AN ELUSIVE GAMMA-RAY PULSAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual (PSR J1906+0722) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; FERMI UNASSOCIATED SOURCES; REMNANT 3C 397; SOURCE CATALOG; SEARCHES; MULTIWAVELENGTH; DISCOVERY; MODEL; YOUNG AB We report the discovery of PSR J1906+0722, a gamma-ray pulsar detected as part of a blind survey of unidentified Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources being carried out on the volunteer distributed computing system, Einstein@Home. This newly discovered pulsar previously appeared as the most significant remaining unidentified gamma-ray source without a known association in the second Fermi-LAT source catalog (2FGL) and was among the top 10 most significant unassociated sources in the recent third catalog (3FGL). PSR J1906+0722 is a young, energetic, isolated pulsar, with a spin frequency of 8.9 Hz, a characteristic age of 49 kyr, and spin-down power 1.0 x 10(36) erg s(-1). In 2009 August it suffered one of the largest glitches detected from a gamma-ray pulsar (Delta f/f approximate to 4.5 x 10(-6)). Remaining undetected in dedicated radio follow-up observations, the pulsar is likely radio-quiet. An off-pulse analysis of the gamma-ray flux from the location of PSR J1906+0722 revealed the presence of an additional nearby source, which may be emission from the interaction between a neighboring supernova remnant and a molecular cloud. We discuss possible effects which may have hindered the detection of PSR J1906+0722 in previous searches and describe the methods by which these effects were mitigated in this survey. We also demonstrate the use of advanced timing methods for estimating the positional, spin and glitch parameters of difficult-to-time pulsars such as this. C1 [Clark, C. J.; Pletsch, H. J.; Allen, B.; Aulbert, C.; Bock, O.; Cuellar, A.; Eggenstein, H. B.; Fehrmann, H.; Machenschalk, B.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Clark, C. J.; Pletsch, H. J.; Allen, B.; Aulbert, C.; Bock, O.; Cuellar, A.; Eggenstein, H. B.; Fehrmann, H.; Machenschalk, B.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Wu, J.; Champion, D. J.; Kramer, M.; Torne, P.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guillemot, L.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Guillemot, L.] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Ackermann, M.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Allen, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Reimer, A.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Reimer, A.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ballet, J.; Grenier, I. A.] CEA Saclay, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Manfreda, A.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Caragiulo, M.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; de Palma, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Desiante, R.; Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Yassine, M.] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Hou, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China. [Hou, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kramer, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Krauss, F.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Krauss, F.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Laffon, H.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [de Palma, F.] Univ Telemat Pegaso, Piazza Trieste & Trento, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Reimer, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Schaal, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Clark, CJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM colin.clark@aei.mpg.de RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; OI Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Bonino, Raffaella/0000-0002-4264-1215; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018 FU Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [PL 710/1-1] FX This work was supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), as well as by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through an Emmy Noether research grant PL 710/1-1 (PI: Holger J. Pletsch). We are very grateful to all Einstein@Home volunteers who have donated their spare computing time, especially Connor Barry of Lafayette, CO, USA and Rich Johnson of Hayward, CA, USA on whose computers PSR J1906+0722 was first detected. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support for LAT development, operation, and data analysis from NASA and DOE (United States); CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France); ASI and INFN (Italy); MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan); and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board (Sweden). Science analysis support in the operations phase from INAF (Italy) and CNES (France) is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 809 IS 1 AR L2 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/809/1/L2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CO7EJ UT WOS:000359321900002 ER PT J AU Thomson, PF Parrish, D Pradhan, P Lakshman, MK AF Thomson, Paul F. Parrish, Damon Pradhan, Padmanava Lakshman, Mahesh K. TI Modular, Metal-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Approach to Angularly Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Oxidized Derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PAH O-QUINONES; TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; REGION DIOL EPOXIDES; C-H ACTIVATION; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; FULLERENE TECTONICS; INDUCED CYCLIZATION; OLEFIN METATHESIS; GRAPHITE RIBBONS; ANTI-DIOL AB Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 2-bromobenzaldehyde and 6-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde with 4-methyl-1-naphthaleneboronic acid and acenaphthene-5-boronic acid gave corresponding o-naphthyl benzaldehydes. Corey Fuchs olefination followed by reaction with n-BuLi led to various 1-(2-ethynylphenyl)naphthalenes. Cycloisomerization of individual 1-(2-ethynylphenyl)naphthalenes to various benzo[c]phenanthrene (BcPh) analogues was accomplished smoothly with catalytic PtCl2 in PhMe. In the case of 4,5-dihydrobenzo[l]acephenanthrylene, oxidation with DDQ gave benzo[l]acephenanthrylene. The dimethoxy-substituted benzo[c]phenanthrenes were demethylated with BBr3 and oxidized to the o-quinones with PDC. Reduction of these quinones with NaBH4 in THF/EtOH in an oxygen atmosphere gave the respective dihydrodiols. Exposure of the dihydrodiols to N-bromoacetamide in THF-H2O led to bromohydrins that were cydized with Amberlite IRA 400 HO- to yield the series 1 diol epoxides. Epoxidation of the dihydrodiols with mCPBA gave the isomeric series 2 diol epoxides. All of the hydrocarbons as well as the methoxy-substituted ones were crystallized and analyzed by X-ray crystallography, and these data are compared to other previously studied BcPh derivatives. The methodology described is highly modular and can be utilized for the synthesis of a wide variety of angularly fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their putative metabolites and/or other derivatives. C1 [Thomson, Paul F.; Pradhan, Padmanava; Lakshman, Mahesh K.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Parrish, Damon] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lakshman, MK (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM mlakshman@ccny.cuny.edu FU National Institutes of Health SCORE subproject Grant [S06 GM008168]; PSC CUNY award; Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award from the National Institutes of Health [F31 GM082025]; NIH RISE program; National Institutes of Health from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [G12MD007603] FX This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health SCORE subproject Grant S06 GM008168 and a PSC CUNY award to M.K.L. P.F.T. was supported via a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award F31 GM082025 from the National Institutes of Health and via the NIH RISE program. Infrastructural support at CCNY was provided by National Institutes of Health Grant G12MD007603 from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. We thank (the late) Dr. Cliff Soil (Hunter College) for some of the HRMS analyses and Mr. Had Akula (City College) for his assistance. NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 7 PY 2015 VL 80 IS 15 BP 7435 EP 7446 DI 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00931 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CO8CV UT WOS:000359393500013 PM 26196673 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H S'anchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, X Chen, JH Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Codrington, MJM Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Haque, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, HZ Huang, B Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, W Li, ZM Li, C Li, Y Li, X Li, X Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, L Ma, R Ma, GL Ma, YG Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, DL Page, BS Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, S Raniwala, R Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, MK Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, BJ Sun, Z Sun, Y Sun, XM Sun, X Surrow, B Svirida, DN Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, AN Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, Y Wang, F Wang, JS Wang, H Wang, G Wang, Y Webb, JC Webb, G Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, N Xu, H Xu, YF Xu, QH Xu, Z Yang, Y Yang, S Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Q Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, J Zhang, Y Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, Z Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, X. Chen, J. H. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, H. Z. Huang, B. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, W. Li, Z. M. Li, C. Li, Y. Li, X. Li, X. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, L. Ma, R. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Page, B. S. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, M. K. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. J. Sun, Z. Sun, Y. Sun, X. M. Sun, X. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. N. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, J. S. Wang, H. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Webb, J. C. Webb, G. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, N. Xu, H. Xu, Y. F. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Yang, Y. Yang, S. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Q. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, Z. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Energy dependence of K pi, p pi, and Kp fluctuations in Au plus Au collisions from root s(NN)=7.7 to 200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DECONFINEMENT PHASE-TRANSITION; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS; STAR EXPERIMENT AB A search for the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) critical point was performed by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, using dynamical fluctuations of unlike particle pairs. Heavy ion collisions were studied over a large range of collision energies with homogeneous acceptance and excellent particle identification, covering a significant range in the QCD phase diagram where a critical point may be located. Dynamical K pi, p pi, and Kp fluctuations as measured by the STAR experiment in central 0-5% Au + Au collisions from center-of-mass collision energies root s(NN) = 7.7 to 200 GeV are presented. The observable nu(dyn) was used to quantify the magnitude of the dynamical fluctuations in event-by-event measurements of the Kp, pp, and Kp pairs. The energy dependences of these fluctuations from central 0-5% Au + Au collisions all demonstrate a smooth evolution with collision energy. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Takahashi, J.] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13131 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Aparin, A.; Banerjee, A.; Feng; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Klein, S. R.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, S.; Raniwala, R.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, S.; Yang, C.; Yang, Q.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, L.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Tian, J.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pawlak, T.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Sandacz, A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A. N.] WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014 OI Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635 FU Office of Nuclear Physics within the US DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; MoST of China (973 Program) [2014CB845400]; CAS; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia; MSMT of the Czech Republic FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics within the US DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the NNSFC, the MoST of China (973 Program No. 2014CB845400), CAS, the MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG 7 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 021901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.021901 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA CO4FZ UT WOS:000359117700001 ER PT J AU Gottshall, KR Sessoms, PH AF Gottshall, Kim R. Sessoms, Pinata H. TI Improvements in dizziness and imbalance results from using a multi disciplinary and multi sensory approach to Vestibular Physical Therapy - a case study SO FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAREN; vestibular physical therapy; virtual reality; treadmill; traumatic brain injury; TBI ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; DYSFUNCTION; POSTURE AB This paper discusses a case study of a 41-year-old active duty male service member who sustained head trauma from a motorcycle accident and underwent multidisciplinary vestibular physical therapy rehabilitation. He was initially treated with traditional physical therapy applications of treadmill walking and standing balance with some symptom improvements, but was not able to maintain a running speed that would allow him to return to full active duty status. Further treatment utilizing a Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment was performed in order to increase level of difficulty and further enhance function. This treatment is able to elicit vestibular deficits seen in the community as it requires subjects to walk and balance while performing tasks within a virtual scenario incorporating platform motion, visual surround and flow, and cognitive processing. After 6 weeks of therapy, twice weekly, improvements in clinical vestibular measures were observed as well as walking speed and patient confidence. The patient was able to return to full duty after treatment. This case study provides supportive evidence that multidimensional tasking in a virtual environment provides a safe but demanding form of vestibular therapy for patients needing more challenging tasks than those provided with traditional therapy techniques. Those persons requiring higher levels of performance before returning to full duty (e.g., pilots, special operators, etc.) may find this type of therapy beneficial. C1 [Gottshall, Kim R.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Phys Therapy Dept, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Sessoms, Pinata H.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, Physiol & Cognit Operat Res Environm Lab, San Diego, CA USA. [Sessoms, Pinata H.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Gottshall, KR (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Phys Therapy Dept, 35420 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM kim.r.gottshall.civ@mail.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5137 J9 FRONT SYST NEUROSCI JI Front. Syst. Neurosci. PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 106 DI 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00106 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CU9EV UT WOS:000363847700001 PM 26300743 ER PT J AU DeSario, PA Pietron, JJ Taffa, DH Compton, R Schunemann, S Marschall, R Brintlinger, TH Stroud, RM Wark, M Owrutsky, JC Rolison, DR AF DeSario, Paul A. Pietron, Jeremy J. Taffa, Dereje H. Compton, Ryan Schuenemann, Stefan Marschall, Roland Brintlinger, Todd H. Stroud, Rhonda M. Wark, Michael Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Rolison, Debra R. TI Correlating Changes in Electron Lifetime and Mobility on Photocatalytic Activity at Network-Modified TiO2 Aerogels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MODULATED PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALLINE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SOLAR-CELLS; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SIZE QUANTIZATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CARRIER DYNAMICS; BACK-REACTION; FILMS AB We use intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) to characterize Carrier dynamics in titania (TiO2) aerogels under photocatalytic conditions. By systematically increasing the weight fraction of the sol gel precursor during TiO2 sol-gel synthesis, we are able to impart drastic changes in Carrier transport/trapping and improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 aerogels for two mechanistically divergent photochemical reactions: reductive water splitting (H-2 generation) and oxidative degradation of dichloroacetate (DCA). The lifetimes of photogenerated electrons increase in going from lowest-to-highest precursor concentrations, as measured by IMVS, indicating increasing site density for electron traps a trend that correlates with an 8X improvement for photo catalytic H-2 generation. Electron mobility in the aerogel films, as measured by IMPS, decreases with increasing trap density, further implicating the trapping sites as reactive sites. In contrast, photocatalytic DCA degradation driven primarily by direct hole transfer to adsorbed DCA-depends only weakly on the electron dynamics in the film. Transient infrared spectroscopy shows no difference in carrier decay among the aerogel samples on picosecond time scales, indicating that changes in carrier dynamics within these networked nanomaterials are only observable at time scales measured by IMPV and IMPS. Correlating hole-mediated and electron-mediated photo catalytic activity with direct measurement of election dynamics under photocatalytically relevant conditions and time scales comprises a powerful approach to determine how synthetic modifications to networked nanostructured photocatalysts affect the relevant physicochemical phenomena underlying their photocatalytic performance. C1 [DeSario, Paul A.; Pietron, Jeremy J.; Rolison, Debra R.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Compton, Ryan; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] US Naval Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brintlinger, Todd H.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] US Naval Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch Code 6360, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taffa, Dereje H.; Schuenemann, Stefan; Marschall, Roland; Wark, Michael] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lab Ind Chem, Bochum, Germany. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeremy.Pietron@nrl.navy.mil; Michael.wark@uni-oldenburg.de RI Marschall, Roland/C-9804-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Taffa, Dereje/E-4855-2017 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [1116/23] FX This work was partly supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (P.A.D., J.J.P., RC., T.H.B., R.M.S, J.C.O., and D.R.R.) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (S.S., R.M.., D.H.T., and M.W.., WA 1116/23). J.J.P. acknowledges an Advanced Graduate Research (sabbatical) fellowship at Ruhr-University Bochum supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and would like to especially thank Professor Michael Wark and the Lehrstuhl fur Technische Chemie (Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry) at Ruhr-University Bochum for hosting him during his sabbatical study. P.A.D. (2011-2014) and R.C. (2012-2015) were Naval Research Laboratory-National Research Council postdoctoral associates. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 31 BP 17529 EP 17538 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CO7IG UT WOS:000359332200005 ER PT J AU Fletcher, MC Alexson, DM Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Vivoni, A Hosten, CM AF Fletcher, Melissa C. Alexson, Dimitri M. Prokes, Sharka M. Glembocki, Orest J. Vivoni, Alberto Hosten, Charles M. TI A surface-enhanced Raman study of N-methylquinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide adsorbed on Ag nanospheres: Determination of molecular orientation and order SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Surface enhanced Raman; DFT ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HEXADECYLQUINOLINIUM TRICYANOQUINODIMETHANIDE; ELECTRICAL RECTIFICATION; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; GOLD ELECTRODES; RECTIFIERS; OLIGO(PHENYLENE-ETHYNYLENE)S; CONDUCTANCE AB Quinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanides are among the most promising molecules for electronic applications. Disorder can be detrimental to the desired electronic properties of a monolayer, and as such, a reliable method to characterize a monolayer without destroying or creating defects is paramount to determining potential applications. Here, the normal and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of N-methylquinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide (CH(3)Q-3CNQ) on silver coated nanosurfaces have been obtained and analyzed. Theoretical treatment of CH(3)Q-3CNQ was performed. Optimization and frequency search was conducted using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G(d) basis set. A complete list of frequencies and assignments for the molecules are presented. The spectroscopic evidence points to the fact that a monolayer of CH(3)Q-3CNQ can be formed through the self-assembly process, and the SERS data indicate that the monolayer attaches to the silver surface through the nitrile groups. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fletcher, Melissa C.; Hosten, Charles M.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Vivoni, Alberto] Inter Amer Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Environm Sci, San German, PR 00683 USA. [Alexson, Dimitri M.; Prokes, Sharka M.; Glembocki, Orest J.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hosten, CM (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM chosten@howard.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 147 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.007 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA CK3GH UT WOS:000356104100034 PM 25847791 ER PT J AU Amin, R Shulman, I AF Amin, Ruhul Shulman, Igor TI Hourly turbidity monitoring using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager fluorescence bands SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE geostationary satellite; ocean color remote sensing; coastal dynamics; optical and bio-optical features ID GROUNDWATER-BORNE NUTRIENTS; COASTAL WATERS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; DATA ASSIMILATION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; SOUTHERN SEA; KOREA; ALGORITHMS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB The Geostationary Ocean Color imager (GOCI) is the first geostationary ocean color satellite sensor that collects hourly images eight times per day during daylight. This high frequency image acquisition makes it possible to study more detailed dynamics of red tide blooms, sediment plumes, and colored dissolved organic matter plumes, and can aid in the prediction of biophysical phenomena. We apply the red band difference and the fluorescence line height algorithms to GOCI imagery to separate waters with high algal and nonalgal particles and validate the results with the MODIS imagery. We also track optical features using hourly GOCI imagery and assess their movement through comparisons with predicted ocean currents derived from the navy coastal ocean model and tidal data. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Amin, Ruhul] BioOptoSense LLC, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. [Shulman, Igor] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Amin, R (reprint author), BioOptoSense LLC, 4007 Prytania St, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. EM biooptosense@gmail.com FU Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) through NASA [NNH11CD70A] FX This work is supported by the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) through NASA Cooperative Agreement No. NNH11CD70A. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 096024 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.096024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP3UN UT WOS:000359808200002 ER PT J AU Merrill, A Cress, CD Rossi, JE Cox, ND Landi, BJ AF Merrill, Andrew Cress, Cory D. Rossi, Jamie E. Cox, Nathanael D. Landi, Brian J. TI Threshold displacement energies in graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON; STABILITY AB The threshold displacement energy E-d has been determined for graphene and 216 different (n, m) single-walled carbon nanotube chiralities, with 5 <= n <= 20 and 0 <= m <= n, under several model conditions using classical molecular dynamics. The model conditions vary by particle (electron or carbon ion), empirical potential (two parametrizations of Tersoff [J. Tersoff, Phys. Rev. B 39, 5566 (1989); L. Lindsay and D. A. Broido, 81, 205441 (2010)] and one of Brenner et al. [D. W. Brenner, O. A. Shenderova, J. A. Harrison, S. J. Stuart, B. Ni, and S. B. Sinnott, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, 783 (2002)]), and momentum transfer direction (towards or away from the nanotube axis). For electron irradiation simulations, E-d exhibits a smoothly varying chirality dependence and a characteristic curvature influenced by the momentum transfer direction. Changing the empirical potential shifts the magnitude of E-d, but the trend is preserved for electron simulations. However, the perturbation in the knock-on dynamics introduced by the carbon ion leads to E-d trends that diverge from the equivalent electron simulation. Thus, the ion interaction has a non-negligible effect on the dynamics of the collision and leads to E-d values that can distinctly vary depending on the selected carbon nanostructure. C1 [Merrill, Andrew; Rossi, Jamie E.; Cox, Nathanael D.; Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cox, Nathanael D.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microsyst Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Merrill, A (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM carbon.nanoelectronics@nrl.navy.mil; brian.landi@rit.edu RI Cox, Nathanael/A-2564-2017; OI Cox, Nathanael/0000-0003-0843-9141; Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Government through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-1-10-1-0122]; U.S. Government FX This research was supported through funding from the U.S. Government through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Grant No. HDTRA-1-10-1-0122. This material is based upon work funded in whole or in part by the U.S. Government, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Government. A.M. is grateful to Dr. Lucas Lindsay and Professor RobertMerrill for helpful feedback and discussions. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 7 AR 075404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.075404 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO1QW UT WOS:000358931200009 ER PT J AU Tang, YX Gao, HX Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Tang, Yongxing Gao, Haixiang Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI 1,2,4-Triazole Links and N-Azo Bridges Yield Energetic Compounds SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE azo compounds; energetic compounds; pyrazole; structure elucidation; triazole ID PROMISING PROPERTIES; SALTS; FUNCTIONALITIES; DERIVATIVES; FAMILY AB Triazole links and polynitropyrazole rings give rise to compounds with energetic properties. These materials were fully characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the structures of compounds 5 and 8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Detonation properties, calculated from heats of formation and experimental densities, thermal stabilities, and impact and friction sensitivities support the potential use of these materials for explosive applications. C1 [Tang, Yongxing; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gao, Haixiang] China Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU ONR [N00014-12-1-0536]; DTRA [HDTRA 1-11-1-0034] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR (N00014-12-1-0536) and of DTRA (HDTRA 1-11-1-0034). We are indebted to Dr. Orion Berryman (NSF CHE-1337908) for considerable assistance with crystal structuring. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 43 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 21 IS 32 BP 11401 EP 11407 DI 10.1002/chem.201501612 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CN5ZZ UT WOS:000358514400019 PM 26126989 ER PT J AU Stovall, K Ray, PS Blythe, J Dowell, J Eftekhari, T Garcia, A Lazio, TJW McCrackan, M Schinzel, FK Taylor, GB AF Stovall, K. Ray, P. S. Blythe, J. Dowell, J. Eftekhari, T. Garcia, A. Lazio, T. J. W. McCrackan, M. Schinzel, F. K. Taylor, G. B. TI PULSAR OBSERVATIONS USING THE FIRST STATION OF THE LONG WAVELENGTH ARRAY AND THE LWA PULSAR DATA ARCHIVE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general ID GIGAHERTZ-PEAKED SPECTRA; LOW-FREQUENCY; DISPERSION MEASURE; PROFILE EVOLUTION; EMPIRICAL-THEORY; RADIO TELESCOPE; GIANT PULSES; MHZ; EMISSION; LIMITS AB We present initial pulsar results from the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1) obtained during the commissioning period of LWA1 and in early science results. We present detections of periodic emission from 44 previously known pulsars, including 3 millisecond pulsars. The effects of the interstellar medium (ISM) on pulsar emission are significantly enhanced at the low frequencies of the LWA1 band (10-88 MHz), making LWA1 a very sensitive instrument for characterizing changes in the dispersion measure (DM) and other effects from the ISM. Pulsars also often have significant evolution in their pulse profile at low frequency and a break in their spectral index. We report DM measurements for 44 pulsars, mean flux density measurements for 36 pulsars, and multi-frequency component spacing and widths for 15 pulsars with more than one profile component. For 27 pulsars, we report spectral index measurements within our frequency range. We also introduce the LWA1 Pulsar Data Archive, which stores reduced data products from LWA1 pulsar observations. Reduced data products for the observations presented here can be found in the archive. Reduced data products from future LWA1 pulsar observations will also be made available through the archive. C1 [Stovall, K.; Dowell, J.; Eftekhari, T.; McCrackan, M.; Schinzel, F. K.; Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ray, P. S.; Blythe, J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garcia, A.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Adv Radio Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Lazio, T. J. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Stovall, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM stovall.kevin@gmail.com OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Schinzel, Frank/0000-0001-6672-128X; Eftekhari, Tarraneh/0000-0003-0307-9984 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C-0147]; National Science Foundation [AST-1139963, AST-1139974]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Construction of the LWA has been supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-07-C-0147. Support for operations and continuing development of the LWA1 is provided by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1139963 and AST-1139974 of the University Radio Observatory program. Basic research on pulsars at NRL is supported by the Chief of Naval Research (CNR). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank an anonymous referee for useful comments. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 808 IS 2 AR 156 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/156 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF0BA UT WOS:000371002400051 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Robertson, KL Liu, C Liu, JL Johnson, BJ Leary, DH Compton, JR Vuddhakul, V Legler, PM Vora, GJ AF Wang, Zheng Robertson, Kelly L. Liu, Charles Liu, Jinny L. Johnson, Brandy J. Leary, Dagmar H. Compton, Jaimee R. Vuddhakul, Varaporn Legler, Patricia M. Vora, Gary J. TI A novel Vibrio beta-glucosidase (LamN) that hydrolyzes the algal storage polysaccharide laminarin SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laminarinase; cellulase; chrysolaminarin; Vibrio campbellii; Vibrio harveyi; Phaeocystis; bioluminescent milky seas ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; MARINE-BACTERIA; THERMOTOGA-NEAPOLITANA; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES; SURFACE OCEAN; MILKY SEA; PHAEOCYSTIS; ENZYMES AB The metabolic versatility, tractability and rapid growth potential of the Vibrio spp. have made them increasingly attractive systems for investigating carbon cycling in the marine environment. In this study, an in silico subtractive proteomic strategy was used to identify a novel 101 kDa GH3 family beta-glucosidase (LamN) that was found in bioluminescent Vibrio campbellii strains capable of utilizing the algal storage glucan laminarin. A heterologous overexpression system verified the sequence-predicted function of LamN as it enabled the growth of Escherichia coli on laminarin as a sole carbon source. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses revealed that V. campbellii grown on laminarin demonstrated a 4- to 314-fold induction of lamN gene expression when compared to the same strains grown on glucose or glycerol. Corresponding tandem mass spectrometric analyses detected LamN protein expression only in cells grown on laminarin. Heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization identified LamN as a heat stable laminarinase with beta-1,3, beta-1,4 and beta-1,6 glucosidase activity. Collectively, these data identify an enzyme that may allow V. campbellii to exploit some of the most abundant polysaccharides associated with deteriorating phytoplankton blooms and provide support for the potential involvement of V. campbellii in the formation of bioluminescent milky seas. C1 [Wang, Zheng; Robertson, Kelly L.; Liu, Jinny L.; Johnson, Brandy J.; Leary, Dagmar H.; Legler, Patricia M.; Vora, Gary J.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Charles] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Compton, Jaimee R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Vuddhakul, Varaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Microbiol, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30 Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.vora@nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory core funds. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as those of the U.S. Navy, military service at large or U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 91 IS 8 DI 10.1093/femsec/fiv087 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CV8VL UT WOS:000364566000008 ER PT J AU Moltz, JC AF Moltz, James Clay TI Brazil's space program: Dreaming with its feet on the ground SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Brazil; Space program; Launch; Missiles; Technological development; Satellites AB Brazil's space program represents an anomaly among those of the world's 10 largest economic powers. During a time that has witnessed the rapid emergence of a variety of national space programs even among lesser powers like Iran and South Korea Brazil's failure to emerge as a significant space actor requires further analysis. This article traces the history of Brazil's space efforts and examines the factors that have held it back, some of which continue to influence its policies today: inadequate funding, conflicting organizations, poorly handled foreign relations, and an unclear national vision for Brazil's "place" in space. Recent efforts to overcome these hurdles through an improved domestic strategy and smarter international relations show promise. But a more sustained political commitment to space development will be needed if they are to succeed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moltz, JC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jcmoltz@nps.edu FU Minerva Initiative, Office of Secretary of Defense & the Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0355] FX This work was supported by the Minerva Initiative, Office of Secretary of Defense & the Army Research Office, Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0355. The views and conclusions of this paper are those of the author only, and should not be interpreted as representing sponsor or other U.S. government policies or endorsements. The author thanks Harold Trinkunas and David Mares for including this topic in their larger project on Brazil, as well as Tito B. Carvalho for his research assistance and translation of Portuguese-language sources. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 EI 1879-338X J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 33 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2015.05.001 PN 1 PG 7 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA CU3OH UT WOS:000363434200004 ER PT J AU Frank, D Foster, D Sou, IM Calantoni, J AF Frank, Donya Foster, Diane Sou, In Mei Calantoni, Joseph TI Incipient motion of surf zone sediments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-SIZE SEDIMENT; OSCILLATORY FLOWS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SHEAR-STRESS; WAVES; TRANSPORT AB Incipient motion experiments were conducted with natural gravel, acetate beads, and coarse-gravel-sized electronic grains called Smart Sediment Grains in a Small-Oscillatory Flow Tunnel. Measurements of fluid velocity were made using Particle Image Velocimetry. The strength of the fluid shear stresses and the pressure gradients were examined for a range of oscillatory flow conditions at the onset of motion of the sediment particles to determine which mechanism had induced particle motion. The three sediment types utilized in these experiments facilitated an assessment of the effects of sediment grain size diameter, shape, and density on incipient motion. Results suggested that the onset of sediment motion was dominated by the pressure gradients for flows with small orbital excursion amplitudes, by the shear stresses for flows with large orbital excursion amplitudes and by the combined effects for intermediate flows. The denser, angular gravel required greater free-stream accelerations to trigger sediment motion than the spherical, less dense acetate beads, and Smart Sediment Grains. A combined parameter for incipient motion that accounts for the simultaneous effects of both shear stresses and pressure gradients while depending on the static coefficient of friction and the packing concentration of the mobile bed layer was evaluated for accuracy using a range of sediment types. The results suggested that the combined parameter may be a better indicator of sediment mobilization under oscillatory flows than the typically assumed shear stress criterion. C1 [Frank, Donya] Univ New Hampshire, Formerly Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Frank, Donya; Sou, In Mei; Calantoni, Joseph] Stennis Space Ctr, Marine Geosci Div, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Foster, Diane] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Frank, D (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Formerly Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM donya.frank.ctr.jm@nrlssc.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0933409, CBET-0933694, CMMI-1135026]; University of New Hampshire Graduate School; Office of Naval Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was sponsored (in part) by the National Science Foundation under grants CBET-0933409, CBET-0933694 and CMMI-1135026. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Donya Frank was partially supported by a Dissertation Year Fellowship from the University of New Hampshire Graduate School, and this work was conducted as a part of her PhD studies. In Mei Sou was supported as a postdoctoral fellow through the National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. Joseph Calantoni was supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to acknowledge Pai Chou and his research teams at the University of California Irvine and National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, for the development of the SSG electronics. The authors would also like to thank NRL staff members Timothy Kooney, Julian Simeonov, and David Dobson, as well as UNH graduate student Emily Carlson for their assistance with data collection and processing during the experiment. The data used to produce these results were collected with Particle Image Velocimetry techniques, which produce very large data sets and require several days to process with proprietary software. The authors would be willing to collaborate on an individual basis but are unable to make the data publicly available at this time. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5710 EP 5734 DI 10.1002/2014JC010424 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CT2SI UT WOS:000362653600025 ER PT J AU Blain, CA Mied, RP Mckay, P Chen, W Rhea, WJ AF Blain, Cheryl Ann Mied, Richard P. Mckay, Paul Chen, Wei Rhea, W. Joseph TI Bathymetrically controlled velocity-shear front at a tidal river confluence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CONFLUENCES; SHALLOW ESTUARIES; CIRCULATION; TOPOGRAPHY; RADAR; WATER; FLOW; BAY AB Nonbuoyant front formation at the confluence of Nanjemoy Creek and the main Potomac River (MD) channel is examined. Terra satellite ASTER imagery reveals a sediment color front emerging from Nanjemoy Creek when the Potomac is near maximum ebb. Nearly contemporaneous ASTER and Landsat ETM1 imagery are used to extract surface velocities, which suggest a velocity shear front is collocated with the color front. In situ velocities (measured by RiverRay traverses near the Nanjemoy Creek mouth) confirm the shear front's presence. A finite-element simulation (using ADCIRC) replicates the observed velocity-shear front and is applied to decipher its physics. Three results emerge: (1) the velocity-shear front forms, confined to a shoal downstream of the creek-river confluence for most of the tidal cycle, (2) a simulation with a flat bottom in Nanjemoy Creek and Potomac River (i.e., no bathymetry variation) indicates the velocity-shear front never forms, hence the front cannot exist without the bathymetry, and (3) an additional simulation with a blocked-off Creek entrance demonstrates that while the magnitude of the velocity shear is largely unchanged without the creek, shear front formation is delayed in time. Without the Creek, there is no advection of the M-6 tidal constituent (generated by nonlinear interaction of the flow with bottom friction) onto the shoals, only a locally generated contribution. A tidal phase difference between Nanjemoy and Potomac causes the ebbing Nanjemoy Creek waters to intrude into the Potomac as far south as its deep channel, and draw from a similar location in the Potomac during Nanjemoy flood. C1 [Blain, Cheryl Ann; Mckay, Paul] Oceanog Div Code 7322, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Mied, Richard P.; Chen, Wei; Rhea, W. Joseph] Remote Sensing Div Code 7230, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DE USA. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), Oceanog Div Code 7322, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cheryl.ann.blain@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the NRL [WU4279] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge Marine Information Resources Corporation (MIRC) for providing vessel services, the RiverRay ADCP, and on-board technical support. John Fry and C. Reid Nichols were especially helpful in processing RiverRay ADCP data and providing a detailed and timely data report with complementary meteorological data following the field experiment. ASTER imagery displayed in the paper is in the public domain via the USGS (http://glovis.usgs.gov). Observational and computational data reported in the paper are accessible upon contact with various authors as follows: in situ data, mied@nrl.navy.mil; river velocities derived from imagery, wei.chen@nrl.navy.mil; and simulated fields, cheryl.ann.blain@nrlssc.navy.mil. Funding for this research is provided by the Office of Naval Research through the NRL 6.1 project, "River Dynamics from Remote Sensing Images" (WU4279). This work is Naval Research Laboratory contribution number JA/7320-14-2323. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5850 EP 5869 DI 10.1002/2014JC010563 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CT2SI UT WOS:000362653600033 ER PT J AU Yeo, KL Ball, WT Krivova, NA Solanki, SK Unruh, YC Morrill, J AF Yeo, K. L. Ball, W. T. Krivova, N. A. Solanki, S. K. Unruh, Y. C. Morrill, J. TI UV solar irradiance in observations and the NRLSSI and SATIRE-S models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar irradiance; solar variability ID II SOLSTICE-II; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; SEMIEMPIRICAL MODELS; BACKSCATTERED ULTRAVIOLET; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; CYCLE VARIATION; VARIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTION; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE AB Total solar irradiance and UV spectral solar irradiance has been monitored since 1978 through a succession of space missions. This is accompanied by the development of models aimed at replicating solar irradiance by relating the variability to solar magnetic activity. The Naval Research Laboratory Solar Spectral Irradiance (NRLSSI) and Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction for the Satellite era (SATIRE-S) models provide the most comprehensive reconstructions of total and spectral solar irradiance over the period of satellite observation currently available. There is persistent controversy between the various measurements and models in terms of the wavelength dependence of the variation over the solar cycle, with repercussions on our understanding of the influence of UV solar irradiance variability on the stratosphere. We review the measurement and modeling of UV solar irradiance variability over the period of satellite observation. The SATIRE-S reconstruction is consistent with spectral solar irradiance observations where they are reliable. It is also supported by an independent, empirical reconstruction of UV spectral solar irradiance based on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite/Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor measurements from an earlier study. The weaker solar cycle variability produced by NRLSSI between 300 and 400nm is not evident in any available record. We show that although the method employed to construct NRLSSI is principally sound, reconstructed solar cycle variability is detrimentally affected by the uncertainty in the SSI observations it draws upon in the derivation. Based on our findings, we recommend, when choosing between the two models, the use of SATIRE-S for climate studies. C1 [Yeo, K. L.; Krivova, N. A.; Solanki, S. K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Gottingen, Germany. [Ball, W. T.] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr, Davos, Switzerland. [Solanki, S. K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin, South Korea. [Unruh, Y. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London, England. [Morrill, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Yeo, KL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Gottingen, Germany. EM yeo@mps.mpg.de FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LG1209A]; STSM grant from COST Action [ES1005]; Ministry of Education of Korea through the BK21 plus program of the National Research Foundation FX We are thankful to Gerard Thuillier for helpful discussions. Appreciation goes to the individuals and teams responsible for the measurements and models featured in this work; Mathew Deland (SBUV SSI), Judith Lean (NRLSSI model), Marty Snow (LASP Mg II index composite), and Tom Woods (WHI reference spectra). We also made use of SSI observations from the SME, UARS, SORCE, and TIMED missions. This work is partly supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under project 01LG1209A, a STSM grant from COST Action ES1005 "TOSCA" and the Ministry of Education of Korea through the BK21 plus program of the National Research Foundation. The Morrill et al. [2011] reconstruction is available on request (jeff.morrill@nrl.navy.mil). The SBUV records are available at sbuv2.gsfc.nasa.gov/solar/, the UARS/SUSIM record at wwwsolar.nrl.navy.mil/uars/, and the Balmaceda et al. [2009] PSI composite and the SATIRE-S reconstruction at www2.mps.mpg.de/projects/sun-climate/data.html. The LISIRD data center (lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/) hosts the LASP Mg II index composite, the NRLSSI reconstruction, the WHI reference spectra, and the SME, UARS/SOLSTICE, SORCE, and TIMED/SEE records. NR 96 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6055 EP 6070 DI 10.1002/2015JA021277 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300002 ER PT J AU Najmi, A Milikh, G Yampolski, YM Koloskov, AV Sopin, AA Zalizovski, A Bernhardt, P Briczinski, S Siefring, C Chiang, K Morton, Y Taylor, S Mahmoudian, A Bristow, W Ruohoniemi, M Papadopoulos, K AF Najmi, A. Milikh, G. Yampolski, Y. M. Koloskov, A. V. Sopin, A. A. Zalizovski, A. Bernhardt, P. Briczinski, S. Siefring, C. Chiang, K. Morton, Y. Taylor, S. Mahmoudian, A. Bristow, W. Ruohoniemi, M. Papadopoulos, K. TI Studies of the ionospheric turbulence excited by the fourth gyroharmonic at HAARP SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; turbulence; heating; HAARP ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; BROAD UPSHIFTED MAXIMUM; WHISPERING-GALLERY; BRILLOUIN SCATTER; F-REGION; IRREGULARITIES; SPECTRA AB A study is presented of artificial ionospheric turbulence (AIT) induced by HF heating at High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) using frequencies close to the fourth electron gyroharmonic, in a broad range of radiated powers and using a number of different diagnostics. The diagnostics include GPS scintillations, ground-based stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE), the HAARP ionosonde, Kodiak radar, and signals received at the Ukrainian Antarctic Station (UAS). The latter allowed analysis of waves scattered by the AIT into the ionospheric waveguide along Earth's terminator, 15.6mm from the HAARP facility. For the first time, the amplitudes of two prominent SEE features, the downshifted maximum and broad upshifted maximum, were observed to saturate at similar to 50% of the maximum HAARP effective radiated power. Nonlinear effects in slant total electron content, SEE, and signals received at UAS at different transmitted frequencies and intensities of the pump wave were observed. The correlations between the data from different detectors demonstrate that the scattered waves reach UAS by the waveguide along the Earth's terminator, and that they were injected into the waveguide by scattering off of artificial striations produced by AIT above HAARP, rather than via direct injection from sidelobe radiation. C1 [Najmi, A.; Milikh, G.; Mahmoudian, A.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Najmi, A.; Milikh, G.; Mahmoudian, A.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yampolski, Y. M.; Koloskov, A. V.; Sopin, A. A.; Zalizovski, A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bernhardt, P.; Briczinski, S.; Siefring, C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Chiang, K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Morton, Y.; Taylor, S.] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Bristow, W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ruohoniemi, M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Najmi, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM anajmi1@umd.edu FU DARPA [N684228]; MURI [FA95501410019]; NRL 6.1 Base Program; BAE Systems FX All raw data for this paper are available for download via ftp at http://ftp.astro.umd.edu/pub/SPP/HAARP_Heating_Freq_Sweep_Data/, and Amir C. Najmi (anajmi1@umd.edu) may be contacted directly for access to either the whole data set or subsets of interest. This work was supported by DARPA via a subcontract N684228 with BAE Systems and by the MURI grant FA95501410019. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the NRL 6.1 Base Program. We acknowledge very useful discussions with S.M. Grach and Mike McCarrick's expert help in conducting the HAARP experiments. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6646 EP 6660 DI 10.1002/2015JA021341 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300044 ER PT J AU Lepping, RP Wu, CC Berdichevsky, DB Szabo, A AF Lepping, R. P. Wu, C. -C. Berdichevsky, D. B. Szabo, A. TI Wind Magnetic Clouds for 2010-aEuro parts per thousand 2012: Model Parameter Fittings, Associated Shock Waves, and Comparisons to Earlier Periods SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic cloud; Interplanetary shock; Magnetic cloud-like structure; Model ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; 23RD SOLAR MINIMUM; 1 AU; EMPIRICAL RECONSTRUCTION; INTERACTION REGION; INNER HELIOSPHERE; COMPLEX EJECTA; FLUX ROPES; INTERPLANETARY; EARTH AB We fitted the parameters of magnetic clouds (MCs) as identified in the Wind spacecraft data from early 2010 to the end of 2012 using the model of Lepping, Jones, and Burlaga (J. Geophys. Res. 95, 1195, 1990). The interval contains 48 MCs and 39 magnetic cloud-like (MCL) events. This work is a continuation of MC model fittings of the earlier Wind sets, including those in a recent publication, which covers 2007 to 2009. This period (2010 -aEuro parts per thousand 2012) mainly covers the maximum portion of Solar Cycle 24. Between the previous and current interval, we document 5.7 years of MCs observations. For this interval, the occurrence frequency of MCs markedly increased in the last third of the time. In addition, over approximately the last six years, the MC type (i.e. the profile of the magnetic-field direction within an MC, such as North-to-South, South-to-North, all South) dramatically evolved to mainly North-to-South types when compared to earlier years. Furthermore, this evolution of MC type is consistent with global solar magnetic-field changes predicted by Bothmer and Rust (Coronal Mass Ejections, 139, 1997). Model fit parameters for the MCs are listed for 2010 -aEuro parts per thousand 2012. For the 5.7 year interval, the observed MCs are found to be slower, weaker in estimated axial magnetic-field intensity, and shorter in duration than those of the earlier 12.3 years, yielding much lower axial magnetic-field fluxes. For about the first half of this 5.7 year period, i.e. up to the end of 2009, there were very few associated MC-driven shock waves (distinctly fewer than the long-term average of about 50 % of MCs). But since 2010, such driven shocks have increased markedly, reflecting similar statistics as the long-term averages. We estimate that 56 % of the total observed MCs have upstream shocks when the full interval of 1995 -aEuro parts per thousand 2012 is considered. However, only 28 % of the total number of MCLs have driven shocks over the same period. Some interplanetary shocks during the 2010 -aEuro parts per thousand 2012 interval are seen to apparently occur without an obvious MC-driver, probably indicating an encounter with a distant flank of a MC-driven shock. Some of these may be driven by a different kind of structure, however. C1 [Lepping, R. P.; Szabo, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, C. -C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Berdichevsky, D. B.] Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Lepping, RP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Ronald.P.Lepping@gmail.com NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 290 IS 8 BP 2265 EP 2290 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0755-3 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS3WY UT WOS:000362007300007 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Hsia, RY AF Shen, Yu-Chu Hsia, Renee Y. TI Ambulance Diversion Associated With Reduced Access To Cardiac Technology And Increased One-Year Mortality SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TIME; DISEASE; ARREST; IMPACT AB Ambulance diversion, which occurs when a hospital emergency department (ED) is temporarily closed to incoming ambulance traffic, is an important system-level interruption that causes delays in treatment and potentially lower quality of care. There is little empirical evidence investigating the mechanisms through which ambulance diversion might affect patient outcomes. We investigated whether ambulance diversion affects access to technology, likelihood of treatment, and ultimately health outcomes for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction in twenty-six California counties. We found that patients whose nearest hospital ED had significant ambulance diversions experienced reduced access to hospitals with cardiac technology. This led to a 4.6 percent decreased likelihood of revascularization and a 9.8 percent increase in one-year mortality compared to patients who did not experience diversion. Policy makers may wish to consider creating a policy to specifically manage certain time-sensitive conditions that require technological intervention during periods of ambulance diversion. C1 [Shen, Yu-Chu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] NBER, Monterey, CA USA. [Hsia, Renee Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Hsia, Renee Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Philip R Lee Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health [1R01 HL114822] FX This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Grant No. 1R01 HL114822. The authors thank Jean Roth from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) for assisting with obtaining and extracting the patient data, Nandita Sarkar from NBER for excellent programming support, and Julia Brownell and Sarah Sabbagh from the University of California, San Francisco, for technical assistance. None received additional compensation other than university salary for their contributions. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1280 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1462 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CR2FH UT WOS:000361141000005 PM 26240239 ER PT J AU Barth, MC Cantrell, CA Brune, WH Rutledge, SA Crawford, JH Huntrieser, H Carey, LD MacGorman, D Weisman, M Pickering, KE Bruning, E Anderson, B Apel, E Biggerstaff, M Campos, T Campuzano-Jost, P Cohen, R Crounse, J Day, DA Diskin, G Flocke, F Fried, A Garland, C Heikes, B Honomichl, S Hornbrook, R Huey, LG Jimenez, JL Lang, T Lichtenstern, M Mikoviny, T Nault, B O'Sullivan, D Pan, LL Peischl, J Pollack, I Richter, D Riemer, D Ryerson, T Schlager, H St Clair, J Walega, J Weibring, P Weinheimer, A Wennberg, P Wisthaler, A Wooldridge, PJ Ziegler, C AF Barth, Mary C. Cantrell, Christopher A. Brune, William H. Rutledge, Steven A. Crawford, James H. Huntrieser, Heidi Carey, Lawrence D. MacGorman, Donald Weisman, Morris Pickering, Kenneth E. Bruning, Eric Anderson, Bruce Apel, Eric Biggerstaff, Michael Campos, Teresa Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Cohen, Ronald Crounse, John Day, Douglas A. Diskin, Glenn Flocke, Frank Fried, Alan Garland, Charity Heikes, Brian Honomichl, Shawn Hornbrook, Rebecca Huey, L. Gregory Jimenez, Jose L. Lang, Timothy Lichtenstern, Michael Mikoviny, Tomas Nault, Benjamin O'Sullivan, Daniel Pan, Laura L. Peischl, Jeff Pollack, Ilana Richter, Dirk Riemer, Daniel Ryerson, Thomas Schlager, Hans St Clair, Jason Walega, James Weibring, Petter Weinheimer, Andrew Wennberg, Paul Wisthaler, Armin Wooldridge, Paul J. Ziegler, Conrad TI THE DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS AND CHEMISTRY (DC3) FIELD CAMPAIGN SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; NOX PRODUCTION; TROPOPAUSE REGION; SCALE MODEL; NEW-MEXICO; JULY 10 AB The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment produced an exceptional dataset on thunderstorms, including their dynamical, physical, and electrical structures and their impact on the chemical composition of the troposphere. The field experiment gathered detailed information on the chemical composition of the inflow and outflow regions of midlatitude thunderstorms in northeast Colorado, west Texas to central Oklahoma, and northern Alabama. A unique aspect of the DC3 strategy was to locate and sample the convective outflow a day after active convection in order to measure the chemical transformations within the upper-tropospheric convective plume. These data are being analyzed to investigate transport and dynamics of the storms, scavenging of soluble trace gases and aerosols, production of nitrogen oxides by lightning, relationships between lightning flash rates and storm parameters, chemistry in the upper troposphere that is affected by the convection, and related source characterization of the three sampling regions. DC3 also documented biomass-burning plumes and the interactions of these plumes with deep convection. C1 [Barth, Mary C.; Weisman, Morris; Apel, Eric; Campos, Teresa; Flocke, Frank; Honomichl, Shawn; Hornbrook, Rebecca; Pan, Laura L.; Weinheimer, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cantrell, Christopher A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Fried, Alan; Jimenez, Jose L.; Richter, Dirk; Walega, James; Weibring, Petter] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rutledge, Steven A.; Lang, Timothy] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crawford, James H.; Anderson, Bruce; Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lichtenstern, Michael; Schlager, Hans] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [MacGorman, Donald; Ziegler, Conrad] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bruning, Eric] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cohen, Ronald; Garland, Charity; Nault, Benjamin; Wooldridge, Paul J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crounse, John; St Clair, Jason; Wennberg, Paul] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Heikes, Brian] Univ Rhode Isl, Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI USA. [Huey, L. Gregory] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [O'Sullivan, Daniel] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Peischl, Jeff; Pollack, Ilana; Ryerson, Thomas] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Riemer, Daniel] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Instr Ionenphys & Angew Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Barth, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM barthm@ucar.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX DC3 was a complex field campaign coordinating aircraft facilities and ground-based facilities at three different locations. There are many people to thank, each responsible for making the campaign successful. Specifically, we thank the DC-8 HDSP2 team-Rushan Gao, Joshua Schwarz, Anne Perring, John Holloway, and Milos Markowic-for the black carbon data used for the PM1 calculation. The National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are gratefully acknowledged for sponsoring the DC3 field experiment. The field project support provided by NCAR/EOL staff, especially Vidal Salazar and Jim Moore, is greatly appreciated. Data from the field campaign can be found at the NCAR/EOL field projects catalog (www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/dc3/). NR 72 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 8 BP 1281 EP 1309 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00290.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5FJ UT WOS:000361365700001 ER PT J AU Shcherbina, AY Sundermeyer, MA Kunze, E D'Asaro, E Badin, G Birch, D Brunner-Suzuki, AMEG Callies, J Cervantes, BTK Claret, M Concannon, B Early, J Ferrari, R Goodman, L Harcourt, RR Klymak, JM Lee, CM Lelong, MP Levine, MD Lien, RC Mahadevan, A McWilliams, JC Molemaker, MJ Mukherjee, S Nash, JD Ozgokmen, T Pierce, SD Ramachandran, S Samelson, RM Sanford, TB Shearman, RK Skyllingstad, ED Smith, KS Tandon, A Taylor, JR Terray, EA Thomas, LN Ledwell, JR AF Shcherbina, Andrey Y. Sundermeyer, Miles A. Kunze, Eric D'Asaro, Eric Badin, Gualtiero Birch, Daniel Brunner-Suzuki, Anne-Marie E. G. Callies, Joern Cervantes, Brandy T. Kuebel Claret, Mariona Concannon, Brian Early, Jeffrey Ferrari, Raffaele Goodman, Louis Harcourt, Ramsey R. Klymak, Jody M. Lee, Craig M. Lelong, M. -Pascale Levine, Murray D. Lien, Ren-Chieh Mahadevan, Amala McWilliams, James C. Molemaker, M. Jeroen Mukherjee, Sonaljit Nash, Jonathan D. Oezgoekmen, Tamay Pierce, Stephen D. Ramachandran, Sanjiv Samelson, Roger M. Sanford, Thomas B. Shearman, R. Kipp Skyllingstad, Eric D. Smith, K. Shafer Tandon, Amit Taylor, John R. Terray, Eugene A. Thomas, Leif N. Ledwell, James R. TI The LatMix Summer Campaign: Submesoscale Stirring in the Upper Ocean SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVES; MIXED-LAYER; VERTICAL MOTION; PART I; DISPERSION; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; DISSIPATION; PYCNOCLINE; TURBULENCE AB Lateral stirring is a basic oceanographic phenomenon affecting the distribution of physical, chemical, and biological fields. Eddy stirring at scales on the order of 100 km (the mesoscale) is fairly well understood and explicitly represented in modern eddy-resolving numerical models of global ocean circulation. The same cannot be said for smaller-scale stirring processes. Here, the authors describe a major oceanographic field experiment aimed at observing and understanding the processes responsible for stirring at scales of 0.1-10 km. Stirring processes of varying intensity were studied in the Sargasso Sea eddy field approximately 250 km southeast of Cape Hatteras. Lateral variability of water-mass properties, the distribution of microscale turbulence, and the evolution of several patches of inert dye were studied with an array of shipboard, autonomous, and airborne instruments. Observations were made at two sites, characterized by weak and moderate background mesoscale straining, to contrast different regimes of lateral stirring. Analyses to date suggest that, in both cases, the lateral dispersion of natural and deliberately released tracers was O(1) m(2) s(-1) as found elsewhere, which is faster than might be expected from traditional shear dispersion by persistent mesoscale flow and linear internal waves. These findings point to the possible importance of kilometer-scale stirring by submesoscale eddies and nonlinear internal-wave processes or the need to modify the traditional shear-dispersion paradigm to include higher-order effects. A unique aspect of the Scalable Lateral Mixing and Coherent Turbulence (LatMix) field experiment is the combination of direct measurements of dye dispersion with the concurrent multiscale hydrographic and turbulence observations, enabling evaluation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed dispersion at a new level. C1 [Shcherbina, Andrey Y.; D'Asaro, Eric; Harcourt, Ramsey R.; Lee, Craig M.; Lien, Ren-Chieh; Sanford, Thomas B.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sundermeyer, Miles A.; Birch, Daniel; Brunner-Suzuki, Anne-Marie E. G.; Goodman, Louis; Mukherjee, Sonaljit; Ramachandran, Sanjiv; Tandon, Amit] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, N Dartmouth, MA USA. [Badin, Gualtiero] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Callies, Joern] Massachusetts Inst Technol Woods Hole Oceanog Ins, Cambridge, MA USA. [Cervantes, Brandy T. Kuebel; Levine, Murray D.; Nash, Jonathan D.; Pierce, Stephen D.; Samelson, Roger M.; Shearman, R. Kipp; Skyllingstad, Eric D.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Claret, Mariona; Mahadevan, Amala; Terray, Eugene A.; Ledwell, James R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Concannon, Brian] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Early, Jeffrey; Lelong, M. -Pascale] NorthWest Res Associates, Redmond, WA USA. [Ferrari, Raffaele] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Klymak, Jody M.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. [McWilliams, James C.; Molemaker, M. Jeroen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Oezgoekmen, Tamay] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Smith, K. Shafer] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Taylor, John R.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Thomas, Leif N.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Shcherbina, AY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM ashcherbina@apl.uw.edu RI Badin, Gualtiero/H-2193-2011; Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008; OI Badin, Gualtiero/0000-0002-0470-1192; Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600; ramachandran, sanjiv/0000-0002-9623-8763 FU Scalable Lateral Mixing and Coherent Turbulence Departmental Research Initiative; Physical Oceanography Program; National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Program [OCE-0751653, OCE-0751734]; Office of Naval Research [OCE-0751653, OCE-0751734] FX We thank Office of Naval Research, particularly Terri Paluszkiewicz and Scott Harper, for support of the LatMix. The bulk of this work was funded under the Scalable Lateral Mixing and Coherent Turbulence Departmental Research Initiative and the Physical Oceanography Program. The dye experiments were supported jointly by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Program (Grants OCE-0751653 and OCE-0751734). NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 8 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00015.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5FI UT WOS:000361365600001 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Tirrell, M AF Medintz, Igor L. Tirrell, Matthew TI Editorial overview: Nanobiotechnology: A time-stamped cross-sectional analysis SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tirrell, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Jones Lab 222, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil; mtirrell@uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 EI 1879-0429 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 BP VII EP IX DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.07.001 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CR3TP UT WOS:000361256300002 PM 26189581 ER PT J AU Walper, SA Turner, KB Medintz, IL AF Walper, Scott A. Turner, Kendrick B. Medintz, Igor L. TI Enzymatic bioconjugation of nanoparticles: developing specificity and control SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SITE-SPECIFIC MODIFICATION; SMALL-MOLECULE PROBES; LIPOIC ACID LIGASE; IN-VIVO; SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION; DRUG-DELIVERY; LIVING CELLS; BIOORTHOGONAL CHEMISTRY; VIRAL NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES AB Nanoparticles are finding increasing roles in biotechnology for applications as contrast agents, probes, sensors, therapeutics and increasingly new value-added hybrid materials such as molecular logic devices. In most cases these materials must be conjugated to different types of biologicals such as proteins or DNA to accomplish this. However, most traditional methods of bioconjugation result in heterogeneous attachment and loss of activity. Bioorthogonal chemistries and in particular enzymatic labeling chemistries offer new strategies for catalyzing specific biomolecular attachment. We highlight current enzymatic labeling methods available for bioconjugating nanoparticles, some materials they have been used with, and how the resulting bioconjugates were applied. A discussion of the benefits and remaining issues associated with this type of bioconjugation chemistry and a brief perspective on how this field will develop is also provided. C1 [Walper, Scott A.; Turner, Kendrick B.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 39 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 EI 1879-0429 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.04.003 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CR3TP UT WOS:000361256300031 PM 25955793 ER PT J AU Ding, SW Cargill, AA Medintz, IL Claussen, JC AF Ding, Shaowei Cargill, Allison A. Medintz, Igor L. Claussen, Jonathan C. TI Increasing the activity of immobilized enzymes with nanoparticle conjugation SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GRAPHENE OXIDE; QUANTUM DOTS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCED ACTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; SIZE; FABRICATION; BIOSENSORS; SURFACES; SYSTEM AB The efficiency and selectivity of enzymatic catalysis is useful to a plethora of industrial and manufacturing processes. Many of these processes require the immobilization of enzymes onto surfaces, which has traditionally reduced enzyme activity. However, recent research has shown that the integration of nanoparticles into enzyme carrier schemes has maintained or even enhanced immobilized enzyme performance. The nanoparticle size and surface chemistry as well as the orientation and density of immobilized enzymes all contribute to the enhanced performance of enzyme-nanoparticle conjugates. These improvements are noted in specific nanoparticles including those comprising carbon (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes), metal/metal oxides and polymeric nanomaterials, as well as semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots. C1 [Ding, Shaowei; Cargill, Allison A.; Claussen, Jonathan C.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claussen, JC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 2104 Black Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jcclauss@iastate.edu OI Claussen, Jonathan/0000-0001-7065-1077 FU Department of Mechanical Engineering of Iowa State University; US Naval Research Laboratory; DTRA JSTO MIPR [B112582M] FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Iowa State University, from the US Naval Research Laboratory, and DTRA JSTO MIPR #B112582M. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 12 U2 89 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 EI 1879-0429 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.04.005 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CR3TP UT WOS:000361256300032 PM 25957941 ER PT J AU Ita, EE Soo, C Yu, HL AF Ita, Eyo Eyo, III Soo, Chopin Yu, Hoi-Lai TI Intrinsic time quantum geometrodynamics SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSE; GRAVITY AB Quantum geometrodynamics with intrinsic time development and momentric variables is presented. An underlying SU (3) group structure at each spatial point regulates the theory. The intrinsic time behavior of the theory is analyzed, together with its ground state and primordial quantum fluctuations. Cotton-York potential dominates at early times when the universe was small; the ground state naturally resolves Penrose's Weyl curvature hypothesis, and thermodynamic and gravitational "arrows of time" point in the same direction. Ricci scalar potential corresponding to Einstein's general relativity emerges as a zero-point energy contribution. A new set of fundamental commutation relations without Planck's constant emerges from the unification of gravitation and quantum mechanics. C1 [Ita, Eyo Eyo, III] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Soo, Chopin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Yu, Hoi-Lai] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Ita, EE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ita@usna.edu; cpsoo@mail.ncku.edu.tw; hlyu@phys.sinica.edu.tw FU US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland; Ministry of Science and Technology [NSC101-2112-M-006-007-MY3, MOST104-2112-M-006-003]; Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics FX This work was supported in part by the US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland; the Ministry of Science and Technology (R.O.C.) under Grant Nos. NSC101-2112-M-006-007-MY3 and MOST104-2112-M-006-003; and the Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica (R.O.C). H.-L. Yu would like to thank the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics for partial support and hospitality during the early stage of this work. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2050-3911 J9 PROG THEOR EXP PHYS JI Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 IS 8 AR 083E01 DI 10.1093/ptep/ptv109 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CR4OX UT WOS:000361316000007 ER PT J AU Knowles, JM Barchi, JR Gaudette, JE Simmons, JA AF Knowles, Jeffrey M. Barchi, Jonathan R. Gaudette, Jason E. Simmons, James A. TI Effective biosonar echo-to-clutter rejection ratio in a complex dynamic scene SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CLOSED-FORM ALGORITHM; BIG BROWN BATS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; ECHOLOCATING BATS; TIME-DIFFERENCES; SONAR; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR; ARRIVAL AB Biosonar guidance in a rapidly changing complex scene was examined by flying big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) through a Y-shaped maze composed of rows of strongly reflective vertical plastic chains that presented the bat with left and right corridors for passage. Corridors were 80-100 cm wide and 2-4m long. Using the two-choice Y-shaped paradigm to compensate for left-right bias and spatial memory, a moveable, weakly reflective thin-net barrier randomly blocked the left or right corridor, interspersed with no-barrier trials. Flight path and beam aim were tracked using an array of 24 microphones surrounding the flight room. Each bat flew on a path centered in the entry corridor (base of Y) and then turned into the left or right passage, to land on the far wall or to turn abruptly, reacting to avoid a collision. Broadcasts were broadly beamed in the direction of flight, smoothly leading into an upcoming turn. Duration of broadcasts decreased slowly from 3 to 2 ms during flights to track the chains' progressively closer ranges. Broadcast features and flight velocity changed abruptly about 1m from the barrier, indicating that echoes from the net were perceived even though they were 18-35 dB weaker than overlapping echoes from surrounding chains. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Knowles, Jeffrey M.; Barchi, Jonathan R.; Simmons, James A.] Brown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gaudette, Jason E.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Knowles, JM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Neurosci, 185 Meeting St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM james_simmons@brown.edu FU ONR [N00014-04-1-0415, N00014-09-1-0691]; NSF [IOS-0843522]; NIMH [R01-MH069633] FX Support for this research came from ONR grants N00014-04-1-0415 and N00014-09-1-0691, from NSF grant IOS-0843522, and from NIMH grant R01-MH069633. The authors thank A. M. Simmons for advice during the experiments and for reading the initial manuscript. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 138 IS 2 BP 1090 EP 1101 DI 10.1121/1.4915001 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CQ5NV UT WOS:000360652900062 PM 26328724 ER PT J AU Freeman, SE Emokpae, L Nicholas, M Edelmann, GF AF Freeman, Simon E. Emokpae, Lloyd Nicholas, Michael Edelmann, Geoffrey F. TI A highly directional transducer for multipath mitigation in high-frequency underwater acoustic communications SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a transducer design of the hollow cylinder type designed to minimize transmission multipath and the need for channel equalization over short acoustic communication distances in shallow water. Operating at 750 kHz, the half-maximum envelope of the main lobe is approximately 3 degrees. The transducer was incorporated into a low-complexity modem system in which it acted as both transmitter and receiver. At-sea testing indicated that the system is capable of operating over horizontal distances of 5m without evidence of multipath distortion. The system was also found to be effective as an omnidirectional transmitter/receiver in the 10-60 kHz band. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Freeman, Simon E.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Emokpae, Lloyd; Nicholas, Michael; Edelmann, Geoffrey F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freeman, SE (reprint author), Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Simon.freeman.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; Lloyd.emokpae@nrl.navy.mil; Michael.nicholas@nrl.navy.mil; Geoffrey.edelmann@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the staff at American Piezo Ceramics Inc. and Abdul Hadi-Hassan at Polymer Engineering and Underwater Sensors, Crane Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, IN. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 138 IS 2 BP EL151 EP EL154 DI 10.1121/1.4928278 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CQ5NV UT WOS:000360652900005 PM 26328741 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA AF Harris, J. R. Jensen, K. L. Shiffler, D. A. TI Dependence of optimal spacing on applied field in ungated field emitter arrays SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS; MICROWAVE-AMPLIFIERS; EMISSION PROPERTIES; CATHODES; FILMS; CONES AB In ungated field emitter arrays, the field enhancement factor beta of each emitter tip is reduced below the value it would have in isolation due to the presence of adjacent emitters, an effect known as shielding or screening. Reducing the distance b between emitters increases the density of emission sites, but also reduces the emission per site, leading to the existence of an optimal spacing that maximizes the array current. Most researchers have identified that this optimal spacing is comparable to the emitter height h, although there is disagreement about the exact optimization. Here, we develop a procedure to determine the dependence of this optimal spacing on the applied electric field. It is shown that the nature of this dependence is governed by the shape of the beta(b) curve, and that for typical curves, the optimal value of the emitter spacing b decreases as the applied field increases. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Harris, J. R.] US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, D. A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint ST Focus Area; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support they have received from the Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint S&T Focus Area (JRH) and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (KLJ), without which this work would not have been possible. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 AR 087182 DI 10.1063/1.4929983 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ5OW UT WOS:000360655900091 ER PT J AU Falstad, N Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Aalto, S van der Werf, PP Fischer, J Veilleux, S Melendez, M Farrah, D Smith, HA AF Falstad, N. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Aalto, S. van der Werf, P. P. Fischer, J. Veilleux, S. Melendez, M. Farrah, D. Smith, H. A. TI Herschel spectroscopic observations of the compact obscured nucleus in Zw 049.057 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: molecules; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: individual: Zw 049.057; line: formation; infrared: galaxies; submillimeter: galaxies ID LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; WATER-VAPOR; NGC 4418; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; RADIATION PRESSURE; MARKARIAN 231; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION AB Context. The luminous infrared galaxy Zw 049.057 contains a compact obscured nucleus where a considerable amount of the galaxy's luminosity is generated. This nucleus contains a dusty environment that is rich in molecular gas. One approach to probing this kind of environment and to revealing what is hidden behind the dust is to study the rotational lines of molecules that couple well with the infrared radiation emitted by the dust. Aims. We probe the physical conditions in the core of Zw 049.057 and establish the nature of its nuclear power source (starburst or active galactic nucleus). Methods. We observed Zw 049.057 with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) onboard the Herschel Space Observatory in rotational lines of H2O, (H2O)-O-18, OH, (OH)-O-18, and [O I]. We modeled the unresolved core of the galaxy using a spherically symmetric radiative transfer code. To account for the different excitation requirements of the various molecular transitions, we use multiple components and different physical conditions. Results. We present the full high-resolution SPIRE FTS spectrum of Zw 049.057, along with relevant spectral scans in the PACS range. We find that a minimum of two different components (nuclear and extended) are required in order to account for the rich molecular line spectrum of Zw 049.057. The nuclear component has a radius of 10-30 pc, a very high infrared surface brightness (similar to 10(14) L-circle dot kpc(-2)), warm dust (T-d > 100 K), and a very large H-2 column density (N-H2 = 10(24) - 10(25) cm(-2)). The modeling also indicates high nuclear H2O (similar to 5 x 10(-6)) and OH (similar to 4 x 10(-6)) abundances relative to H-2 as well as a low O-16/O-18-ratio of 50-100. We also find a prominent infall signature in the [O I] line. We tentatively detect a 500 km s(-1) outflow in the H2O 3(13) -> 2(02) line. Conclusions. The high surface brightness of the core indicates the presence of either a buried active galactic nucleus or a very dense nuclear starburst. The estimated column density towards the core of Zw 049.057 indicates that it is Compton-thick, making a buried X-ray source difficult to detect even in hard X-rays. We discuss the elevated H2O abundance in the nucleus in the context of warm grain and gas-phase chemistry. The H2O abundance is comparable to that of other compact (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies such as NGC 4418 and Arp 220 - and also to hot cores in the Milky Way. The enhancement of O-18 is a possible indicator that the nucleus of Zw 049.057 is in a similar evolutionary stage as the nuclei of Arp 220 - and more advanced than NGC 4418. We discuss the origin of the extreme nuclear gas concentration and note that the infalling gas detected in [O I] implies that the gas reservoir in the central region of Zw 049.057 is being replenished. If confirmed, the H2O outflow suggests that the nucleus is in a stage of rapid evolution. C1 [Falstad, N.; Aalto, S.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Madrid 28871, Spain. [van der Werf, P. P.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Fischer, J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Veilleux, S.; Melendez, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Farrah, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Smith, H. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Falstad, N (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. EM niklas.falstad@chalmers.se FU Swedish National Space Board [145/11:1B, 285/12, 145/11:1-3]; US-ONR; NHSC/ JPL [1456609] FX We thank the anonymous referee for a thorough and constructive report that helped improve the paper. N.F. and S.A. thank the Swedish National Space Board for generous grant support (grant numbers 145/11:1B, 285/12 and 145/11:1-3). Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US-ONR; J.F. acknowledges support from NHSC/ JPL subcontract 1456609. NR 102 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 580 AR A52 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526114 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CP6TD UT WOS:000360020200052 ER PT J AU Sweet, CR Watson, RE Landis, CA Smith, JP AF Sweet, Charles R. Watson, Rebecca E. Landis, Corinne A. Smith, Joseph P. TI Temperature-Dependence of Lipid A Acyl Structure in Psychrobacter cryohalolentis and Arctic Isolates of Colwellia hornerae and Colwellia piezophila SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; lipid A; lipid structure; mass spectrometry; psychrophile; homeoviscous adaptation ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SP NOV.; PSYCHROMONAS-MARINA; CARRIER PROTEIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOTOXIN; BACTERIA; MOIETY; SHOCK AB Lipid A is a fundamental Gram-negative outer membrane component and the essential element of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), a potent immunostimulatory molecule. This work describes the metabolic adaptation of the lipid A acyl structure by Psychrobacter cryohalolentis at various temperatures in its facultative psychrophilic growth range, as characterized by MALDI-TOF MS and FAME GC-MS. It also presents the first elucidation of lipid A structure from the Colwellia genus, describing lipid A from strains of Colwellia hornerae and Colwellia piezophila, which were isolated as primary cultures from Arctic fast sea ice and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The Colwellia strains are obligate psychrophiles, with a growth range restricted to 15 degrees C or less. As such, these organisms have less need for fluidity adaptation in the acyl moiety of the outer membrane, and they do not display alterations in lipid A based on growth temperature. Both Psychrobacter and Colwellia make use of extensive single-methylene variation in the size of their lipid A molecules. Such single-carbon variations in acyl size were thought to be restricted to psychrotolerant (facultative) species, but its presence in these Colwellia species shows that odd-chain acyl units and a single-carbon variation in lipid A structure are present in obligate psychrophiles, as well. C1 [Sweet, Charles R.; Watson, Rebecca E.; Landis, Corinne A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Smith, Joseph P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sweet, CR (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sweet@usna.edu; rebeliz.wat@gmail.com; clandis@hmc.psu.edu; jpsmith@usna.edu FU NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DoD-DTRA CBT-SARI); USNA Chemistry Department; Office of Naval Research [32] FX The authors would like to thank those who provided bacterial strains for this work: Egil Lien (UMass Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA), Jamie Schlessman (USNA) and the BROMEX 2012 polar field campaign led by P.I. Son V. Nghiem of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, with support of the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. This research was financially supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DoD-DTRA CBT-SARI grants to CRS), the USNA Chemistry Department and the Office of Naval Research support for midshipman research (ONR-MIDN) and for the USNA Polar Science and Technology Program (ONR Code 32 Arctic and Global Prediction Program). The authors would also like to thank Heather Prince for her critical reading of this manuscript. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4701 EP 4720 DI 10.3390/md13084701 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CQ5EI UT WOS:000360625700007 PM 26264000 ER PT J AU MacGregor, AJ Dougherty, AL Mayo, JA Han, PP Galarneau, MR AF MacGregor, Andrew J. Dougherty, Amber L. Mayo, Jonathan A. Han, Peggy P. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Navy Health Care Personnel Following Combat Deployment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIAN ARMY NURSES; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; BURNOUT; PROVIDERS; VIETNAM; ADAPTATION; DISEASE; ERRORS; WAR AB U.S. Navy health care personnel are exposed to an array of psychological stressors during combat deployment. This study compared rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Navy health care personnel with nonhealth care personnel following single and repeated combat deployments. The study sample was identified from electronic records indicating deployment to Iraq, Kuwait, or Afghanistan, and included 3,416 heath care and 4,648 nonhealth care personnel. Health care personnel had higher PTSD rates and an increasing trend in PTSD rates across repeated deployments. After adjusting for combat exposure and other covariates, health care compared with nonhealth care personnel were more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD after one (odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-2.80), two (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.26-4.08), and three deployments (OR 4.37; 95% CI 1.25-15.28). Exposure to wounded/dead friendly forces was associated with higher PTSD rates in health care personnel (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.13-2.07). Health care personnel occupy a unique and essential role in current wartime operations, and are a high-risk group for PTSD. These findings suggest that further research is needed on the effects of caregiver stress, and refinements to postdeployment screening for health care personnel should be pursued. C1 [MacGregor, Andrew J.; Dougherty, Amber L.; Mayo, Jonathan A.; Han, Peggy P.; Galarneau, Michael R.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP MacGregor, AJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 180 IS 8 BP 882 EP 887 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00323 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CQ3TE UT WOS:000360524800014 PM 26226531 ER PT J AU Walker, DN Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE AF Walker, D. N. Blackwell, D. D. Amatucci, W. E. TI Electron density dependence of impedance probe plasma potential measurements SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-FREQUENCY PROBE; RESONANCE AB In earlier works, we used spheres of various sizes as impedance probes in demonstrating a method of determining plasma potential, phi(p), when the probe radius is much larger than the Debye length, lambda(D). The basis of the method in those works [Walker et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 032108 (2006); ibid. 15, 123506 (2008); ibid. 17, 113503 (2010)] relies on applying a small amplitude signal of fixed frequency to a probe in a plasma and, through network analyzer-based measurements, determining the complex reflection coefficient, Gamma, for varying probe bias, V-b. The frequency range of the applied signal is restricted to avoid sheath resonant effects and ion contributions such that omega(pi) << omega << omega(pe), where omega(pi) is the ion plasma frequency and omega(pe) is the electron plasma frequency. For a given frequency and applied bias, both Re(Z(ac)) and Im(Z(ac)) are available from Gamma. When Re(Z(ac)) is plotted versus V-b, a minimum predicted by theory occurs at phi(p) [Walker et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 113503 (2010)]. In addition, Im(Z(ac)) appears at, or very near, a maximum at phi(p). As n(e) decreases and the sheath expands, the minimum becomes harder to discern. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that when using network analyzer-based measurements, Gamma itself and Im(Z(ac)) and their derivatives are useful as accompanying indicators to Re(Z(ac)) in these difficult cases. We note the difficulties encountered by the most commonly used plasma diagnostic, the Langmuir probe. Spherical probe data is mainly used in this work, although we present limited data for a cylinder and a disk. To demonstrate the effect of lowered density as a function of probe geometry, we compare the cylinder and disk using only the indicator Re(Z(ac)). (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Walker, D. N.] Sotera, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Blackwell, D. D.; Amatucci, W. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walker, DN (reprint author), Sotera, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. OI Walker, David/0000-0002-4864-0707 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX We thank Richard Fernsler for theoretical input and suggestions to this paper. This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 083505 DI 10.1063/1.4927780 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600089 ER PT J AU Oh, J Weaver, JL Karasik, M Chan, LY AF Oh, Jaechul Weaver, J. L. Karasik, M. Chan, L. Y. TI Measurements of electron density and temperature profiles in plasma produced by Nike KrF laser for laser plasma instability research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID 2-PLASMON DECAY; INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMAS; ACCURACY; FACILITY AB A grid image refractometer (GIR) has been implemented at the Nike krypton fluoride laser facility of the Naval Research Laboratory. This instrument simultaneously measures propagation angles and transmissions of UV probe rays (lambda = 263 nm, Delta t = 10 ps) refracted through plasma. We report results of the first Nike-GIR measurement on a CH plasma produced by the Nike laser pulse (similar to 1 ns FWHM) with the intensity of 1.1 x 10(15) W/cm(2). The measured angles and transmissions were processed to construct spatial profiles of electron density (n(e)) and temperature (T-e) in the underdense coronal region of the plasma. Using an inversion algorithm developed for the strongly refracted rays, the deployed GIR system probed electron densities up to 4 x 10(21) cm(-3) with the density scale length of 120 mu m along the plasma symmetry axis. The resulting n(e) and T-e profiles are verified to be self-consistent with the measured quantities of the refracted probe light. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Oh, Jaechul; Weaver, J. L.; Karasik, M.; Chan, L. Y.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oh, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, NNSA Defense Programs FX The authors wish to thank the Nike laser and target crews for their technical support in this experiment and L. Phillips for the simulated (FASTRAD3D) plasma profiles used in designing the GIR optical system. The authors also wish to thank S. P. Obenschain for carefully reading this manuscript with his helpful comments. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, NNSA Defense Programs. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 083501 DI 10.1063/1.4927452 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800020 PM 26329186 ER PT J AU Marr, KM Chen, BL Mootz, EJ Geder, J Pruessner, M Melde, BJ Vanfleet, RR Medintz, IL Iverson, BD Claussen, JC AF Marr, Kevin M. Chen, Bolin Mootz, Eric J. Geder, Jason Pruessner, Marius Melde, Brian J. Vanfleet, Richard R. Medintz, Igor. L. Iverson, Brian D. Claussen, Jonathan C. TI High Aspect Ratio Carbon Nanotube Membranes Decorated with Pt Nanoparticle Urchins for Micro Underwater Vehicle Propulsion via H2O2 Decomposition SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE underwater propulsion; hydrogen peroxide; carbon nanotube; platinum; nanoparticle; microchannel; thrust ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE DECOMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION; GROWTH; GRAPHENE; METAL; FABRICATION; NANOMOTORS AB The utility of unmanned micro underwater vehicles (MUVs) is paramount for exploring confined spaces, but their spatial agility is often impaired when maneuvers require burst-propulsion. Herein we develop high-aspect ratio (150:1), multiwalled carbon nanotube microarray membranes (CNT-MMs) for propulsive, MUV thrust generation by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The CNT-MMs are grown via chemical vapor deposition with diamond shaped pores (nominal diagonal dimensions of 4.5 x 9.0 gm) and subsequently decorated with urchin-like, platinum (Pt) nanoparticles via a facile, electroless, chemical deposition process. The Pt-CNT-MMs display robust, high catalytic ability with an effective activation energy of 26.96 Id mol(-1) capable of producing a thrust of 0.209 +/- 0.049 N from 50% [w/w] H2O2 decomposition within a compact reaction chamber of eight Pt-CNT-MMs in series. C1 [Marr, Kevin M.; Iverson, Brian D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Chen, Bolin; Mootz, Eric J.; Claussen, Jonathan C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Geder, Jason; Pruessner, Marius; Melde, Brian J.; Medintz, Igor. L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vanfleet, Richard R.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Iverson, BD (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 435 Crabtree, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bdiverson@byu.edu; jcclauss@iastate.edu FU ONR; NRL; DTRA; Departments of Mechanical Engineering at Brigham Young University; Iowa State University; College of Engineering at Iowa State University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge additional assistance from T. Smith, R. Watt, M. Standing, and J. Ferrer for equipment access and training. The authors would like to also recognize funding support from ONR, NRL, and DTRA as well as from the Departments of Mechanical Engineering at Brigham Young University and Iowa State University and the College of Engineering at Iowa State University. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 7791 EP 7803 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b02124 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300008 PM 26106943 ER PT J AU Munz, M Giusca, CE Myers-Ward, RL Gaskill, DK Kazakova, O AF Munz, Martin Giusca, Cristina E. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Gaskill, D. Kurt Kazakova, Olga TI Thickness-Dependent Hydrophobicity of Epitaxial Graphene SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE epitaxial graphene; hydrophobic/hydrophilic; chemical force microscopy; lateral force microscopy; Kelvin probe force microscopy; adhesion; friction ID CHEMICAL FORCE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE; ADHESION; WATER; SILICON; HUMIDITY; AFM; OCTADECYLTRICHLOROSILANE; CONTAMINANTS AB This article addresses the much debated question whether the degree of hydrophobicity of single-layer graphene (1LG) is different from that of double-layer graphene (2LG). Knowledge of the water affinity of graphene and its spatial variations is critically important as it can affect the graphene properties as well as the performance of graphene devices exposed to humidity. By employing chemical force microscopy with a probe rendered hydrophobic by functionalization with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), the adhesion force between the probe and epitaxial graphene on SIC has been measured in deionized water. Owing to the hydrophobic attraction, a larger adhesion force was measured on 2LG Bernal-stacked domains of graphene surfaces, thus showing that 2LG is more hydrophobic than 1LG. Identification of 1LG and 2LG domains was achieved through Kelvin probe force microscopy and Raman spectral mapping. Approximate values of the adhesion force per OTS molecule have been calculated through contact area analysis. Furthermore, the contrast of friction force images measured in contact mode was reversed to the 1LG/2LG adhesion contrast, and its origin was discussed in terms of the likely water depletion over hydrophobic domains as well as deformation in the contact area between the atomic force microscope tip and 1LG. C1 [Munz, Martin; Giusca, Cristina E.; Kazakova, Olga] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kazakova, O (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM olga.kazakova@npl.co.uk RI Munz, Martin/B-5451-2010 OI Munz, Martin/0000-0002-2067-0760 FU U.K. National Measurement System through the Innovation R&D Programme (project Graphene); EC through the Graphene Flagship [CNECT-ICT-604391]; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to T. Wren for microfabrication of the test samples, and to H. Corte Leon for characterization of the probes. This work has been co-funded both by the U.K. National Measurement System through the Innovation R&D Programme (project Graphene) and by the EC through the Graphene Flagship grant (No. CNECT-ICT-604391). Work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 15 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8401 EP 8411 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03220 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300070 PM 26218503 ER PT J AU Breger, JC Ancona, MG Walper, SA Oh, E Susumu, K Stewart, MH Deschamps, JR Medintz, IL AF Breger, Joyce C. Ancona, Mario G. Walper, Scott A. Oh, Eunkeu Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Medintz, Igor L. TI Understanding How Nanoparticle Attachment Enhances Phosphotriesterase Kinetic Efficiency SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE enzyme; phosphotriesterase; nanoparticle; quantum dot; rate; paraoxon; nerve agent; kinetics; Michaelis-Menten; K-m; k(cat); bionanotechnology ID QUANTUM DOTS; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; BACTERIAL PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; COLLOIDAL NANOPARTICLES; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; ENZYMES; HYDROLYSIS AB As a specific example of the enhancement of enzymatic activity that can be induced by nanoparticles, we investigate the hydrolysis of the organophosphate paraoxon by phosphotriesterase (PTE) when the latter is displayed on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). PTE conjugation to QDs underwent extensive characterization including structural simulations, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and dynamic light scattering to confirm orientational and ratiometric control over enzyme display which appears to be necessary for enhancement. PTE hydrolytic activity was then examined when attached to ca. 4 and 9 nm diameter QDs in comparison to controls of freely diffusing enzyme alone. The results confirm that the activity of the QD conjugates significantly exceeded that of freely diffusing PTE in both initial rate (similar to 4-fold) and enzymatic efficiency (similar to 2-fold). To probe kinetic acceleration, various modified assays including those with increased temperature, presence of a competitive inhibitor, and increased viscosity were undertaken to measure the activation energy and dissociation rates. Cumulatively, the data indicate that the higher activity is due to an acceleration in enzyme-product dissociation that is presumably driven by the markedly different microenvironment of the PTE-QD bioconjugate's hydration layer. This report highlights how a specific change in an enzymatic mechanism can be both identified and directly linked to its enhanced activity when displayed on a nanoparticle. Moreover, the generality of the mechanism suggests that it could well be responsible for other examples of nanoparticle-enhanced catalysis. C1 [Breger, Joyce C.; Walper, Scott A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ancona, Mario G.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Breger, Joyce C.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU ASEE fellowship through NRL FX The authors acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, the NRL Nanosciences Institute, and DTRA JSTO NPR # B112582M. J.C.B acknowledges an ASEE fellowship through NRL. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8491 EP 8503 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03459 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300080 PM 26230391 ER PT J AU Apte, A Heath, SK Pico, A Ronny Tan, YH AF Apte, Aruna Heath, Susan K. Pico, Andres Ronny Tan, Yong Hui TI Evacuating People with Mobility-Challenges in a Short-Notice Disaster SO DECISION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Evacuation; Mobility-challenged; Disaster; Overburdened VRP ID VEHICLE-ROUTING PROBLEM; NATURAL DISASTERS; ANT SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; MODEL; DELIVERIES; MANAGEMENT; COLONY AB In past disasters, arrangements have been made to evacuate people without their own transportation, requiring them to gather at select locations to be evacuated. Unfortunately, this type of plan does not help those people who are unable to move themselves to the designated meeting locations. In the United States, according to the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006, state or local governments have the responsibility to coordinate evacuation plans for all populations. These include those with disabilities. However, few, if any, have plans in place for those who are mobility-challenged. The problem of evacuating mobility-challenged people from their individual locations in a short-notice disaster is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. In order to develop the model and select a solution approach, we surveyed related literature. Based on our review, we formulate the problem and develop an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve it. We then test two different versions of the ACO algorithm on five stylized datasets with several different parameter settings. C1 [Apte, Aruna; Heath, Susan K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Operat & Logist Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pico, Andres] US Navy, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Ronny Tan, Yong Hui] Minist Def, Singapore, Singapore. RP Apte, A (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Operat & Logist Management, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM auapte@nps.edu; skheath@nps.edu; andres.pico@navy.mil; tan_yong_hui@yahoo.com NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0011-7315 EI 1540-5915 J9 DECISION SCI JI Decis. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 IS 4 BP 731 EP 754 DI 10.1111/deci.12153 PG 24 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA CQ3KF UT WOS:000360500100004 ER PT J AU Mondzelewski, TJ Schmitz, JW Christman, MS Davis, KD Lujan, E L'Esperance, JO Auge, BK AF Mondzelewski, Todd J. Schmitz, Joseph W. Christman, Matthew S. Davis, Kimberly D. Lujan, Eugenio L'Esperance, James O. Auge, Brian K. TI Intraocular Pressure During Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Procedures Utilizing Steep Trendelenburg Positioning SO JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA LA English DT Article DE glaucoma; trendelenburg; intraocular pressure; robotic-assisted surgery; postoperative vision loss ID NORMAL-TENSION GLAUCOMA; VISUAL-FIELD DAMAGE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; POSTURAL RESPONSE; TONOMETRY; RISK AB Purpose:To determine the effect of steep Trendelenburg (sTBURG) surgical positioning on intraocular pressure (IOP) during robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RAL) in subjects without previously identified ocular disease.Design:Prospective cohort study.Participants and Controls:Eighteen patients undergoing RAL with sTBURG and 21 controls undergoing open and laparoscopic cases in horizontal positioning.Materials and Methods:Research data derived from an approved Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, IRB protocol. A study group undergoing RAL utilizing sTBURG (group 1) was compared with a control group undergoing open surgery in the horizontal position (group 2), and laparoscopic cases in the horizontal position (group 3). An ophthalmologic examination including Snellen visual acuity, IOP, Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) 24-2 with standard Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm, time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis, pachymetry, and dilated fundus examination was conducted preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively. IOP was measured intraoperatively at discrete time-points.Main Outcome Measures:IOP values, change in OCT RNFL thickness, HVF mean deviation, and HVF pattern standard deviation.Results:Baseline IOP (mm Hg) was similar, 13.73.2 for group 1 versus 15.3 +/- 3.2 for group 2 and 14.1 +/- 2.4 for group 3 (P=0.55). The IOP plateau from 60 minutes until case conclusion occurred at 29.9 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 27.4-32.5), 19.9 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 17.6-22.3), and 22.8 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 20.2-25.4) for group 1, group 2, and group 3, respectively. There were no significant changes in OCT RNFL thickness, HVF mean deviation, and HVF pattern standard deviation.Conclusions:Significant elevations of IOP are experienced during robotic surgery utilizing sTBURG positioning in patients with healthy eyes, and we recommend a multidisciplinary approach in determining potential risk to those with known ocular disease who are candidates for these procedures. C1 [Christman, Matthew S.; L'Esperance, James O.; Auge, Brian K.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Mondzelewski, Todd J.; Schmitz, Joseph W.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Lujan, Eugenio] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Davis, Kimberly D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Ophthalmol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Mondzelewski, TJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Ophthalmol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM skiball03@gmail.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1057-0829 EI 1536-481X J9 J GLAUCOMA JI J. Glaucoma PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 6 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000302 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA CQ0OT UT WOS:000360296700001 PM 26164143 ER PT J AU Sprouse, C Tosi, LL Gordish-Dressman, H Abdel-Ghani, MS Panchapakesan, K Niederberger, B Devaney, JM Kelly, KR AF Sprouse, Courtney Tosi, Laura L. Gordish-Dressman, Heather Abdel-Ghani, Mai S. Panchapakesan, Karuna Niederberger, Brenda Devaney, Joseph M. Kelly, Karen R. TI CK-MM Polymorphism is Associated With Physical Fitness Test Scores in Military Recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CREATINE-KINASE GENE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; VARIANTS; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; STRENGTH AB Objective: Muscle-specific creatine kinase is thought to play an integral role in maintaining energy homeostasis by providing a supply of creatine phosphate. The genetic variant, rs8111989, contributes to individual differences in physical performance, and thus the purpose of this study was to determine if rs8111989 variant is predictive of Physical Fitness Test (PFT) scores in male, military infantry recruits. Methods: DNA was extracted from whole blood, and genotyping was performed in 176 Marines. Relationships between PFT measures (run, sit-ups, and pull-ups) and genotype were determined. Results: Participants with 2 copies of the T allele for rs8111989 variant had higher PFT scores for run time, pull-ups, and total PFT score. Specifically, participants with 2 copies of the TT allele (variant) (n = 97) demonstrated an overall higher total PFT score as compared with those with one copy of the C allele (n = 79) (TT: 250 +/- 31 vs. CC/CT: 238 +/- 31; p = 0.02), run score (TT: 82 +/- 10 vs. CC/CT: 78 +/- 11; p = 0.04) and pull-up score (TT: 78 +/- 11 vs. CC/CT: 65 +/- 21; p = 0.04) or those with the CC/CT genotype. Conclusion: These results demonstrate an association between physical performance measures and genetic variation in the muscle-specific creatine kinase gene (rs8111989). C1 [Sprouse, Courtney; Gordish-Dressman, Heather; Abdel-Ghani, Mai S.; Panchapakesan, Karuna; Devaney, Joseph M.] Med Genet Res Ctr, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Tosi, Laura L.; Devaney, Joseph M.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Niederberger, Brenda; Kelly, Karen R.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Sprouse, C (reprint author), Med Genet Res Ctr, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, 111 Michigan Ave NW,Room 5700, Washington, DC 20010 USA. FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Wounded, Ill, and Injured Program [W42]; Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad [61016] FX The authors thank 1st Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) and School of Infantry West (SOI West), especially Maj Mark Thrasher (Division G3) and LtCols Jeffrey Kenney (Executive Officer, SOI) and Thomas LeCroix (Commanding Officer, Infantry Training Battalion), for approval and support of the project. The authors thank the company commanders and Marines who participated in this study. This research was supported by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Wounded, Ill, and Injured (W42) Program and the Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad under Work Unit No. 61016. This work was completed as a project in the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, Molecular and Functional Outcome Measures in Rehabilitation Medicine Core, NIH NCMRR/NINDS 5R24HD050846-07. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 180 IS 9 BP 1001 EP 1005 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00331 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CQ3TL UT WOS:000360525600013 PM 26327553 ER PT J AU Liang, RX Harvey, BG Quintana, RL Suflita, JM AF Liang, Renxing Harvey, Benjamin G. Quintana, Roxanne L. Suflita, Joseph M. TI Assessing the Biological Stability of a Terpene-Based Advanced Biofuel and Its Relationship to the Corrosion of Carbon Steel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; ALTERNATIVE FUELS; ALKANE METABOLISM; ALPHA-PINENE; N-ALKANES; BIODEGRADATION; MONOTERPENES; DEGRADATION; DIESEL; DITERPENOIDS AB Energy-dense terpene biofuels have recently been recognized as renewable alternatives for high-density petroleum-derived fuels. While the physicochemical properties of terpene dimer fuel (TDF) have been well-documented, the propensity of these mixtures to undergo biodegradation and exacerbate the corrosion of the fuel infrastructure remains unknown. Coastal seawater/sediment incubations were amended with TDF or a blend of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons and incubated under strict anaerobic conditions. In some incubations, a model hydrocarbon-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium (Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens, strain ALDC) was inoculated as a positive control. No increase in sulfate reduction or corrosion was observed in long-term experiments (300 days) relative to TDF-free controls when only seawater/sediment served as the inoculum. However, inoculation with the positive control organism and a mixture of C-6-C-12 n-alkanes increased both the sulfate reduction rate (95.2 +/- 5.2 mu M/day) and general corrosion, as determined by both coupon weight loss (27.9 +/- 1.6 mg) and the number of pits (495 +/- 62). The ratio of manganese (Mn)/weight loss (0.34) in incubations exhibiting coupon pitting was lower than those (0.53-0.68) showing only generalized coupon corrosion. Despite no indication for TDF biodegradation under all test conditions, the detection of a suite of alkylsuccinate metabolites attested to the anaerobic metabolism of the suite of n-alkanes when strain ALDC and the hydrocarbons served as amendments. These findings suggest that TDF is resistant to biodegradation and will not exacerbate the corrosion of carbon steel. If used in combination with petroleum hydrocarbons, the degree of metal corrosion would be that expected as a result of labile fuel components. However, the relatively recalcitrant nature of TDF might pose other risks if released to the environment and, thus, warrants further study. C1 [Liang, Renxing; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liang, Renxing; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Univ Oklahoma Biocorros Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Quintana, Roxanne L.] US Navy Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Div Chem, Res Dept, Naval Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Suflita, JM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jsuflita@ou.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010946]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [000141-0W-X2-1-013]; NAWCWD FX The efforts of Joseph M. Suflita and Renxing Liang were financially supported by a grant (Award N000141010946) from the Office of Naval Research. Benjamin G. Harvey and Roxanne L. Quintana were supported from Office of Naval Research (ONR) Contract 000141-0W-X2-1-013 and NAWCWD. The authors appreciate the help from Dr. Mark A. Nanny, Dr. Robert W. Nairn, and Shuo Li for atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. The authors also thank Frank P. Harvey, Christopher R. Marks, and Brian H. Harriman for collecting the seawater and sediment samples. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 5164 EP 5170 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01094 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VQ UT WOS:000360026700055 ER PT J AU Hales, JM Khachatrian, A Roche, NJH Warner, JH Buchner, SP McMorrow, D AF Hales, Joel M. Khachatrian, Ani Roche, Nicolas J-H. Warner, Jeffrey H. Buchner, Stephen P. McMorrow, Dale TI Simulation of Laser-Based Two-Photon Absorption Induced Charge Carrier Generation in Silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CMOS; free-carrier absorption; free-carrier refraction; nonlinear optics; optical Kerr effect; silicon; single-event effect (SEE); single-event upset (SEU); two-photon absorption ID BEAM-PROPAGATION; OPTICAL LIMITER; THROUGH-WAFER; WAVE-GUIDES; REFRACTION AB Numerical simulation software is used to calculate quantitatively the two-photon absorption-induced carrier-density distributions generated under conditions that are experimentally relevant for single-event effects studies. The results provide valuable insight into how the magnitudes and shapes of the charge carrier distributions evolve over a large range of experimental conditions and the impacts this has for different device geometries. Furthermore, values of integrated charge are determined that can be more directly correlated with experimental observables. C1 [Hales, Joel M.; Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Hales, Joel M.; Khachatrian, Ani; Roche, Nicolas J-H.; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Buchner, Stephen P.; McMorrow, Dale] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Hales, JM (reprint author), Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. EM joelmh@hotmail.com FU DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; Office of Naval Research [N00014-97-1-0936]; Naval Air Warfare Center Joint Service Agile Program [N00421-98-C-1327] FX This work was supported by the DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program and the Office of Naval Research. The NLOBPM code used in this research was developed at CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, under support from the Office of Naval Research, grant N00014-97-1-0936, and the Naval Air Warfare Center Joint Service Agile Program, contract N00421-98-C-1327. See references 8, 11, and 12. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1550 EP 1557 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2422793 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200009 ER PT J AU Millegan, J Milburn, EK LeardMann, CA Street, AE Williams, D Trone, DW Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Millegan, Jeffrey Milburn, Emma K. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Street, Amy E. Williams, Diane Trone, Daniel W. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Recent Sexual Trauma and Adverse Health and Occupational Outcomes Among US Service Women SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article ID ASSAULT HISTORY; MILLENNIUM COHORT; GENERAL-POPULATION; VETERANS-HEALTH; MILITARY PERSONNEL; HARASSMENT; GENDER; CARE; METAANALYSIS; AFGHANISTAN AB Sexual trauma is prevalent among military women, but data on potential effects are needed. The association of sexual trauma with health and occupational outcomes was investigated using longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Of 13,001 U.S. service women, 1,364 (10.5%) reported recent sexual harassment and 374 (2.9%) recent sexual assault. Women reporting recent sexual harassment or assault were more likely to report poorer mental health: OR = 1.96, 95% CI [1.71, 2.25], and OR = 3.45, 95% CI [2.67, 4.44], respectively. They reported poorer physical health: OR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.20, 1.62], and OR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.04, 1.85], respectively. They reported difficulties in work/activities due to emotional health: OR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.59, 2.04], and OR = 2.70, 95% CI [2.12, 3.44], respectively. They also reported difficulties with physical health: OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.37, 1.75], and OR = 1.52 95% CI [1.20, 1.91], respectively, after adjustment for demographic, military, health, and prior sexual trauma characteristics. Recent sexual harassment was associated with demotion, OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.12, 1.93]. Findings demonstrated that sexual trauma represents a potential threat to military operational readiness and draws attention to the importance of prevention strategies and services to reduce the burden of sexual trauma on military victims. Resumen Salud de las mujeres militares y vida laboral post trauma sexual El trauma sexual es prevalente entre las mujeres militares, pero se necesita informacion acerca de sus potenciales efectos. Se investigo la asociacion de trauma sexual con sus consecuencias laborales y en la salud, usando datos longitudinales del Estudio de Cohorte Millenium. De 1.300 mujeres norteamericanas en servicio, 1.364 (10.5%) reporto acoso sexual reciente y 374 (2.9%) abuso sexual reciente. Las mujeres que reportaron acoso sexual o abuso reciente fueron las que con mayor probabilidad reportaron salud mental mas deteriorada (OR = 1.96 95% CI [1.71, 2.25]; y OR = 3.45 95% CI [2.67,4.44], respectivamente), Salud fisica mas deteriorada(OR = 1.39 95% CI [1.20,1.62], y OR = 1.39 95% CI [1.04, 1.85], respectivamente), y dificultades en el trabajo/ actividades debido a la Salud emocional (OR = 1.80 95% CI [1.59, 2.04]; y OR = 2.70 95% CI [2.12-3.44], respectivamente) despues del ajuste por caracteristicas demograficas, militares, salud y trauma sexual previo. El acoso sexual reciente se asocio con descenso de categoria (OR = 1.47 95% CI [1.12, 1.93]. Los hallazgos demuestran que el trauma sexual representa una amenaza potencial para la preparacion operacion militar y llama la atencion sobre la importancia de las estrategias y los servicios de prevencion para reducir la carga de trauma sexual en victimas militares. Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by AsianSTSS ?? : ???????????????????????? ??: ??????????,??????????????????????????????????,??????????????????13,001??????,1,364?(10.5%)???????,374?(2.9%)????????????????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????(??? OR = 1.96 95% CI [1.71, 2.25] ? OR = 3.45 95% CI [2.67, 4.44])????????(??? OR = 1.39 95% CI [1.20, 1.62] ? OR = 1.39 95% CI [1.04, 1.85]),??????????(??? OR = 1.80 95% CI [1.59, 2.04] ? OR = 2.70 95% CI [2.12-3.44])?????(??? OR = 1.55 95% CI [1.37-1.75] ? OR = 1.52 95% CI [1.20-1.91])????????????????????????(OR = 1.47 95% CI [1.12, 1.93])???????,??????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????? ?? : ???????????????????????? ??: ??????????,??????????????????????????????????,??????????????????13,001??????,1,364?(10.5%)??????,374?(2.9%)??????????????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????(??? OR = 1.96 95% CI [1.71, 2.25] ? OR = 3.45 95% CI [2.67, 4.44])????????(??? OR = 1.39 95% CI [1.20, 1.62] ? OR = 1.39 95% CI [1.04, 1.85]),??????????(??? OR = 1.80 95% CI [1.59, 2.04] ? OR = 2.70 95% CI [2.12-3.44])?????(??? OR = 1.55 95% CI [1.37-1.75] ? OR = 1.52 95% CI [1.20-1.91])????????????????????????(OR = 1.47 95% CI [1.12, 1.93])???????,??????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????? C1 [Millegan, Jeffrey] US Navy, Hlth Res Ctr, Directorate Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Milburn, Emma K.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Trone, Daniel W.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] US Navy, Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Street, Amy E.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Boston, MA USA. [Street, Amy E.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Williams, Diane] US Navy, Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), US Navy, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.a.leardmann.ctr@mail.mil FU Department of Defense [60002]; Clinical Investigations Department at Naval Medical Center San Diego FX This work represents Report 14-13, supported by the Department of Defense, under Work Unit No. 60002, and through funding by the Clinical Investigations Department at Naval Medical Center San Diego. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects (Protocol NHRC.2000.0007). The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, analysis, or preparation of data; or preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. In addition to the authors, we thank James Davies; Carrie Donoho, PhD; Isabel Jacobson, MPH; William Lee; Hector Lemus, PhD; Denise Lovec-Jenkins; Gordon Lynch; Jill MacDougall; Anna Nagel, MPH; Christopher Phillips, MD, MPH; Kari Sausedo, MA; Beverly Sheppard; Steven Speigle; Jennifer Walstrom; Martin White, MPH; and James Whitmer; from the Department of Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. The authors also thank the professionals from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, especially those from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD; Scott L. Seggerman from the Management Information Division, Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey, CA; and the Millennium Cohort Study participants. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-9867 EI 1573-6598 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 4 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1002/jts.22028 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA CP5HR UT WOS:000359912400005 PM 26201507 ER PT J AU Foley, BM Hernandez, SC Duda, JC Robinson, JT Walton, SG Hopkins, PE AF Foley, Brian M. Hernandez, Sandra C. Duda, John C. Robinson, Jeremy T. Walton, Scott G. Hopkins, Patrick E. TI Modifying Surface Energy of Graphene via Plasma-Based Chemical Functionalization to Tune Thermal and Electrical Transport at Metal Interfaces SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; contacts; functionalization; thermal boundary conductance; contact resistivity ID SINGLE-LAYER; TRANSISTORS; CONTACTS; DEVICES; FILMS; RESISTANCE AB The high mobility exhibited by both supported and suspended graphene, as well as its large in-plane thermal conductivity, has generated much excitement across a variety of applications. As exciting as these properties are, one of the principal issues inhibiting the development of graphene technologies pertains to difficulties in engineering high-quality metal contacts on graphene. As device dimensions decrease, the thermal and electrical resistance at the metal/graphene interface. plays a dominant role in degrading overall performance. Here we demonstrate the use of a low energy, electron-beam plasma to functionalize graphene with oxygen, fluorine, and nitrogen groups, as a method to tune the thermal and electrical transport properties across gold-single layer graphene (Au/SLG) interfaces. We find that while oxygen and nitrogen groups improve the thermal boundary conductance (h(K)) at the interface, their presence impairs electrical transport leading to increased contact resistance (rho(C)). Conversely, functionalization with fluorine has no impact on h(K) yet rho(C) decreases with increasing coverage densities. These findings indicate exciting possibilities using plasma-based chemical functionalization to tailor the thermal and electrical transport properties of metal/2D material contacts. C1 [Foley, Brian M.; Duda, John C.; Hopkins, Patrick E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hernandez, Sandra C.; Walton, Scott G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foley, BM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM bmf4su@virginia.edu; scott.walton@nrl.navy.mil; peh4v@virginia.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-4-0528]; Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0378]; ARCS Foundation Metro Washington Chapter; Naval Research Laboratory FX P.E.H. appreciates funding from the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program (N00014-13-4-0528). B.M.F is grateful for support from the Army Research Office (W911NF-13-1-0378) and the ARCS Foundation Metro Washington Chapter. This work was partially supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. This work was performed in part at the Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science (CAMOS) at the University of Virginia. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4876 EP 4882 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00381 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700006 PM 26125524 ER PT J AU Peterson, DD AF Peterson, David D. TI The Navy Physical Fitness Test: A Proposed Revision to the Navy Physical Readiness Test SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Department of Defense; Physical Readiness Test; Navy Physical Fitness Test; Body composition ID VERTICAL JUMP; MUSCULAR ENDURANCE; STRENGTH; PERFORMANCE; RELIABILITY; PERSONNEL; VALIDITY; PLANK; AGE AB THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MANDATES THAT EACH BRANCH OF THE ARMED FORCES DEVELOP AND USE ANNUAL PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS TO ASSESS THE PHYSICAL READINESS OF THEIR SERVICE-MEMBERS. IN AN ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE TEST VALIDITY AND BETTER PREDICT BATTLEFIELD PERFORMANCE, MOST OF THE SERVICES HAVE MADE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN RECENT YEARS TO THEIR PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS. HOWEVER, THE NAVY'S PHYSICAL READINESS TEST HAS REMAINED RELATIVELY UNCHANGED SINCE 1986. THIS ARTICLE INTRODUCES A REVISED PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST, THE NAVY PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST, THAT OFFERS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED VALIDITY AND OPERATIONAL RELEVANCE. C1 [Peterson, David D.] US Naval Acad, Phys Educ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Peterson, David D.] US Naval Acad, Human Performance Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Peterson, DD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Phys Educ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1524-1602 EI 1533-4295 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 37 IS 4 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000122 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA CP3VK UT WOS:000359810500009 ER PT J AU Katzer, DS Nepal, N Meyer, DJ Downey, BP Wheeler, VD Storm, DF Hardy, MT AF Katzer, D. Scott Nepal, Neeraj Meyer, David J. Downey, Brian P. Wheeler, Virginia D. Storm, David F. Hardy, Matthew T. TI Epitaxial metallic beta-Nb2N films grown by MBE on hexagonal SiC substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NBN THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; CONSTANTS AB RF-plasma MBE was used to epitaxially grow 4- to 100-nm-thick metallic beta-Nb2N thin films on hexagonal SiC substrates. When the N/Nb flux ratios are greater than one, the most critical parameter for high-quality beta-Nb2N is the substrate temperature. The X-ray characterization of films grown between 775 and 850 degrees C demonstrates beta-Nb2N phase formation. The (0002) and (21 (3) over bar1) X-ray diffraction measurements of a beta-Nb2N film grown at 850 degrees C reveal a 0.68% lattice mismatch to the 6H-SiC substrate. This suggests that beta-Nb2N can be used for high-quality metal/semiconductor heterostructures that cannot be fabricated at present. (C) 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Katzer, D. Scott; Meyer, David J.; Downey, Brian P.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Storm, David F.] US Naval Res Lab, Electromagnet Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nepal, Neeraj] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Hardy, Matthew T.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Katzer, DS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Electromagnet Technol Branch, Code 6850, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.katzer@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (D. Green) and by the Office of Naval Research. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with our colleagues J. E. Yater, M. E. Twigg, L. B. Ruppalt, and S. B. Qadri. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 AR 085501 DI 10.7567/APEX.8.085501 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CO2PW UT WOS:000359000100032 ER PT J AU Smith, AN Christian, MP Firebaugh, SL Cooper, GW Jamieson, BG AF Smith, Andrew N. Christian, Matthew P. Firebaugh, Samara L. Cooper, Garret W. Jamieson, Brian G. TI Predicting and managing heat dissipation from a neural probe SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE Neural probe thermalmanagement; Heated neural probe; Neuron photostimulation; Bioheat equation; Heat transfer in neural tissue ID STIMULATION; BRAIN AB Light stimulating neural probes are rapidly increasing our understanding of neural pathways. Relocating the externally coupled light source to the probe tip has the potential to dramatically improve the flexibility of the technique. However, this approach would generate heat within the embedded probe where even minor temperature excursions could easily damage tissues under study. A COMSOL model was used to study the thermal effects of these heated probes in the brain including blood perfusion and metabolic heating, and to investigate the effect of passive methods for improving heat dissipation. The probe temperature initially decreases with insertion depth, and then becomes steady. Extending the probe beyond the heated region has a similar effect, while increasing the size of the heated region steadily decreases the probe temperature. Increasing the thermal conductivity of the probe promotes spreading, decreasing the probe temperature. The effects of insertion depth and probe power dissipation were experimentally tested with a microfabricated, heated mock neural probe. The heated probe was tested in 0.65 % agarose gel at room temperature and in ex vivo cow brain at body temperature. The thermal resistance between the probe and the neural tissue or agarose gel was determined at a range of insertion depths and compared to the COMSOL model. C1 [Smith, Andrew N.; Christian, Matthew P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Firebaugh, Samara L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cooper, Garret W.; Jamieson, Brian G.] SB Microsyst, Columbia, MD USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ansmith@usna.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 EI 1572-8781 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 4 AR 81 DI 10.1007/s10544-015-9976-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO7PN UT WOS:000359353100016 PM 26223563 ER PT J AU Saydjari, A Pietron, JJ Simpkins, BS AF Saydjari, A. Pietron, J. J. Simpkins, B. S. TI Electrochemical Deposition and Spectroelectrochemical Response of Bromophenol Blue Films on Gold SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Electropolymerization; pH indicator; Spectroelectrochemistry ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; POLYPYRROLE FILMS; POLYMER-FILMS; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION; MOLECULES; DEVICES; SWITCH; PH AB Bromophenol blue (BPB) was electropolymerized onto a Au substrate. The effects of voltammetric cycle number, BPB concentration, and pH on film thickness, density, optical absorption, and electrochemical susceptibility were evaluated, and favorable deposition conditions were identified. Quantitative measurement of the film mass via quartz crystal microbalance enabled determination of the molar volume and revealed a strong dependence of film density with deposition pH. Finally, electrochemical control of the optical properties of BPB films was demonstrated via in situ spectroelectrochemistry. We believe this is the first demonstration of electropolymerization of pure BPB on Au, and thus the first demonstration of poly(BPB) as an electrochemically switchable optical coating. C1 [Saydjari, A.] Lincoln High Sch, Wisconsin Rapids, WI 54494 USA. [Pietron, J. J.; Simpkins, B. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6178, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Nanoscience Institute program FX A. S. acknowledges Dr. Blake Simpkins for his mentorship and the U.S. Naval Research Lab SEAP program for a summer internship. This project was funded by the Office of Naval Research Nanoscience Institute program. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 EI 1521-4109 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD AUG PY 2015 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1960 EP 1967 DI 10.1002/elan.201500136 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA CP2WE UT WOS:000359737500023 ER PT J AU Hegeler, F Kemp, M Shao, T AF Hegeler, Frank Kemp, Mark Shao, Tao TI Power Modulators and Repetitive Pulsed Power SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hegeler, Frank] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kemp, Mark] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shao, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6733,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frank.hegeler@nrl.navy.mil; mkemp@slac.stanford.edu; st@mail.iee.ac.cn NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 EI 1558-4135 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1755 EP 1755 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2015.005431 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CP0UO UT WOS:000359591600001 ER PT J AU Beg, F Giuliani, J Lebedev, S Jones, B AF Beg, Farhat Giuliani, John Lebedev, Sergey Jones, Brent TI SPECIAL ISSUE ON Z-PINCH PLASMAS 2015 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Beg, Farhat] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Giuliani, John] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lebedev, Sergey] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Jones, Brent] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beg, F (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fbeg@ucsd.edu; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mi; s.lebedev@imperial.ac.uk; bmjones@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2362 EP 2362 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2457311 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500021 ER PT J AU Giuliani, JL Commisso, RJ AF Giuliani, John L. Commisso, Robert J. TI A Review of the Gas-Puff Z-Pinch as an X-Ray and Neutron Source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gas puff; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma neutron sources; plasma radiation sources; Z-pinch ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; PLASMA-OPENING SWITCH; K-SHELL RADIATION; STAGED Z-PINCH; NEON Z-PINCH; ULTRAHIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PULSED-POWER GENERATOR; DENSITY Z-PINCHES; ARGON Z-PINCH; INDUCTIVE ENERGY-STORAGE AB Fisher and collaborators at the University of California, Irvine, invented the gas puff Z-pinch in the late 1970s using a 200-kA generator. The implementation of gas puffs as a copious source of X-rays has encountered major challenges, such as disruptive instabilities and the quest for long implosion times. During nearly four decades of experimental and theoretical efforts, those challenges have been successfully met to a great extent. This success is a result of the efforts of a large number of researchers. Today, the gas-puff Z-pinch has evolved into a powerful source of X-rays and neutrons, and is fielded on multi-Mega-Ampere generators. The basic force imploding a pinch is straightforward, but the operation of a gas puff requires specialized hardware and a thorough understanding of the radiation physics involves magnetohydrodynamics coupled with nonequilibrium ionization kinetics. The goal of this review is to document the experiments and theory that have led to the success of the gas puff as a K-shell X-ray and neutron source. Consequently, this review takes a historical approach to the covered material, but also provides a broad introduction to relevant scientific concepts. C1 [Giuliani, John L.; Commisso, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil; robert.commisso@nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-NA0001564]; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA, through the Basic and Applied Research Programs FX The work of J. L. Giuliani was supported by the Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration under Grant DE-NA0001564. The work of R. J. Commisso was supported by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA, through the Basic and Applied Research Programs. NR 306 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2385 EP 2453 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2451157 PG 69 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500023 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Giuliani, JL AF Apruzese, John P. Giuliani, John L. TI Radiation Transport in Z-Pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; radiation transport; spectroscopic diagnostics; X-rays; Z-pinches ID DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; DENSE-PLASMAS; X-RAY; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; EQUATION; MODELS AB Z-pinches, formed by passing large currents through wires or gas puffs, are the most powerful and energetic laboratory sources of X-rays. As higher current generators become available, Z-pinches incorporate increasingly larger masses of plasma and are nearly always optically thick to some or most of the photons that they produce. Understanding and modeling the transport of this radiation is an important element in attaining an overall picture of the physics of Z-pinches and in optimizing their properties for applications. This paper focuses on the aspects of radiation transport that are most relevant to the Z-pinch environment. The topics covered include: theory of radiation transport and its strengths and limitations, sources of opacity in Z-pinches, requirements for local thermodynamic equilibrium in the presence of opacity, transition to the blackbody limit, and Z-pinch experiments that demonstrate the effects of radiation transport. C1 [Apruzese, John P.; Giuliani, John L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.apruzese.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2454 EP 2462 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2420992 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500024 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Jones, B Apruzese, JP Dasgupta, A Chong, YK Harvey-Thompson, AJ Ampleford, DJ Hansen, SB Coverdale, CA Jennings, CA Rochau, GA Cuneo, ME Lamppa, DC Johnson, D Jones, MC Moore, NW Waisman, EM Krishnan, M Coleman, PL AF Thornhill, J. Ward Giuliani, John L. Jones, Brent Apruzese, John P. Dasgupta, Arati Chong, Young K. Harvey-Thompson, Adam J. Ampleford, David J. Hansen, Stephanie B. Coverdale, Christine A. Jennings, Christopher A. Rochau, Gregory A. Cuneo, Michael E. Lamppa, Derek C. Johnson, Drew Jones, Michael C. Moore, Nathan W. Waisman, Eduardo M. Krishnan, Mahadevan Coleman, Philip L. TI 2-D RMHD Modeling Assessment of Current Flow, Plasma Conditions, and Doppler Effects in Recent Z Argon Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Collisional radiative equilibrium; Doppler effects; K-shell radiation ID PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; RADIATION TRANSPORT; Z MACHINE; EQUATION; CODE AB By varying current-loss circuit parameters, the Mach2-tabular collisional radiative equilibrium 2-D radiation magnetohydrodynamic model was tuned to reproduce the radiative and electrical properties of three recent argon gas-puff experiments (same initial conditions) performed on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories. The model indicates that there were current losses occurring near or within the diode region of the Z machine during the stagnation phase of the implosion. The "good" simulation reproduces the experimental K-shell powers, K-shell yields, total powers, percentage of emission radiated in a lines, size of the K-shell emission region, and the average electron temperature near the time-of-peak K-shell power. The calculated atomic populations, ion temperatures, and radial velocities are used as input to a detailed multifrequency ray-trace radiation transport model that includes the Doppler effect. This model is employed to construct time-, space-, and energy-resolved synthetic spectra. The role the Doppler effect likely plays in the experiments is demonstrated by comparing synthetic spectra generated with and without this effect. C1 [Thornhill, J. Ward; Giuliani, John L.; Dasgupta, Arati; Chong, Young K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jones, Brent; Harvey-Thompson, Adam J.; Ampleford, David J.; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Coverdale, Christine A.; Jennings, Christopher A.; Rochau, Gregory A.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Lamppa, Derek C.; Johnson, Drew; Jones, Michael C.; Moore, Nathan W.; Waisman, Eduardo M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Apruzese, John P.] Engility Corp, Naval Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Krishnan, Mahadevan] Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Coleman, Philip L.] Evergreen Hill Sci, Philomath, OR 97370 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ward.thornhill@nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil; bmjones@sandia.gov; john.apruzese@nrl.navy.mil; arati.dasgupta@nrl.navy.mil; young.chong@nrl.navy.mil; ajharve@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov; sbhanse@sandia.gov; cacover@sandia.gov; cjennin@sandia.gov; garocha@sandia.gov; mecuneo@sandia.gov; dclampp@sandia.gov; dwjohns@sandia.gov; micjone@sandia.gov; nwmoore@sandia.gov; emwaism@sandia.gov; krishnan@aasc.net; plcoleman@casco.net FU U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration; Sandia Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration and Sandia Laboratories, which is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2480 EP 2491 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2422373 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500027 ER PT J AU Jones, B Ampleford, DJ Jennings, CA Waisman, EM Hansen, SB Coverdale, CA Cuneo, ME Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A Clark, RW Davis, J AF Jones, Brent Ampleford, David J. Jennings, Christopher A. Waisman, Eduardo M. Hansen, Stephanie B. Coverdale, Christine A. Cuneo, Michael E. Apruzese, John P. Thornhill, J. Ward Giuliani, John L. Dasgupta, Arati Clark, Robert W. Davis, Jack TI Wire-Array Z-Pinch Length Variations for K-Shell X-Ray Generation on Z SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); plasma pinch; wire array; X-ray production ID RADIATION; DIAGNOSTICS; EMISSION; DENSITY AB In developing stainless-steel (SS) and copper wire-array X-ray sources on the Z machine, we consider the optimization of K-shell yield as a function of load height. Theory, numerical modeling, and experimental data suggest that an optimum exists corresponding to a tradeoff between the increase in radiating mass and the decrease in coupled current with increasing pinch height. A typical load height of 20 mm used on many previous Z wire-array X-ray sources is found to be near optimal for K-shell yield production in SS and copper implosions. Electrical data, pinhole imaging, and spectroscopy are used to study plasma conditions in wire-array z pinches corresponding to the variation in K-shell power and yield per unit length as the pinch height is changed from 12 to 24 mm. C1 [Jones, Brent; Ampleford, David J.; Jennings, Christopher A.; Waisman, Eduardo M.; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Coverdale, Christine A.; Cuneo, Michael E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Apruzese, John P.; Clark, Robert W.] Engility Corp, Naval Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Thornhill, J. Ward; Giuliani, John L.; Dasgupta, Arati; Davis, Jack] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov; cajennin@sandia.gov; emwaism@sandia.gov; sbhanse@sandia.gov; cacover@sandia.gov; mecuneo@sandia.gov; john.apruzese.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; thornhil@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; giul@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil; dasgupta@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; clark@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; davisj@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil FU Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2509 EP 2514 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2417052 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500031 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Cothran, CD Walker, DN Tejero, EM Gatling, GR Enloe, CL Amatucci, WE AF Blackwell, David D. Cothran, Christopher D. Walker, David N. Tejero, Erik M. Gatling, George R. Enloe, C. Lon Amatucci, W. E. TI Advances in Impedance Probe Applications and Design in the NRL Space Physics Simulation Chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasma diagnostics; plasma measurements ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON-DENSITY; PLASMA RESONANCE PROBE; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; SHEATH AB Impedance probe measurements are made at ionospheric (F-region) plasma conditions (n(e) approximate to 10(4)-10(6) cm(-3) and lambda(D) approximate to 1-10 cm) created in the Space Physics Simulation Chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory. Measurements of probe-plasma impedance are used to provide comparative data and identify possible problems, with the goal of developing flight-capable diagnostics for sounding rocket experiments. The ability of the diagnostic technique to infer electron density and plasma potential in an ionospheric plasma is demonstrated with laboratory measurements. In addition, preliminary data from prototype instruments built in our laboratory are presented. C1 [Blackwell, David D.; Tejero, Erik M.; Gatling, George R.; Amatucci, W. E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cothran, Christopher D.; Walker, David N.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Enloe, C. Lon] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. RP Blackwell, DD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM davidb@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; christopher.cothran.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; dave.walker.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; erik.tejero@nrl.navy.mil; george.gatling@nrl.navy.mil; lon.enloe@usafa.edu; bill.amatucci@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2649 EP 2657 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2450024 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500050 ER PT J AU English, JM Gettelman, A Henderson, GR AF English, Jason M. Gettelman, Andrew Henderson, Gina R. TI Arctic Radiative Fluxes: Present-Day Biases and Future Projections in CMIP5 Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEA-ICE ALBEDO; CLIMATE MODEL; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; CLOUDS; INSTRUMENT; SATELLITE; EXTENT; PHASE AB Radiative fluxes are critical for understanding the energy budget of the Arctic region, where the climate has been changing rapidly and is projected to continue to change. This work investigates causes of present-day biases and future projections of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) Arctic radiative fluxes in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Compared to Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced and Filled (CERES-EBAF), CMIP5 net TOA downward shortwave (SW) flux biases are larger than outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) biases. The primary contributions to modeled TOA SW flux biases are biases in cloud amount and snow cover extent compared to the GCM-Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product (CALIPSO-GOCCP) and the newly developed Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) dataset, respectively (with most models predicting insufficient cloud amount and snow cover in the Arctic), and biases with sea ice albedo. Future projections (2081-90) with representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) simulations suggest increasing net TOA downward SW fluxes (+8 W m(-2)) over the Arctic basin due to a decrease of surface albedo from melting snow and ice, and increasing OLR (+6 W m(-2)) due to an increase in surface temperatures. The largest contribution to future Arctic net TOA downward SW flux increases is declining sea ice area, followed by declining snow cover area on land, reductions to sea ice albedo, and reductions to snow albedo on land. Cloud amount is not projected to change significantly. These results suggest the importance of accurately representing both the surface area and albedos of sea ice and snow cover as well as cloud amount in order to accurately represent TOA radiative fluxes for the present-day climate and future projections. C1 [English, Jason M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [English, Jason M.; Gettelman, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Henderson, Gina R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP English, JM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jayenglish@gmail.com RI English, Jason/E-9365-2015 OI English, Jason/0000-0001-9700-6860 FU NASA Award [NNX09AJ05G]; National Science Foundation FX Support for J. M. English was provided by NASA Award NNX09AJ05G. Thanks to NASA and CNES for CALIOP and CERES data. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 15 BP 6019 EP 6038 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00801.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9YM UT WOS:000359532800009 ER PT J AU Lafleur, DM Barrett, BS Henderson, GR AF Lafleur, Donald M. Barrett, Bradford S. Henderson, Gina R. TI Some Climatological Aspects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL-EXTRATROPICAL INTERACTION; PACIFIC INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SCALE CIRCULATION; NORTHERN WINTER; BOREAL SUMMER; CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE AB One of the most commonly used metrics for both locating the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) geographically and defining the intensity of MJO convective activity is the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index. However, a climatology of the MJO, particularly with respect to the frequency of activity levels or of consecutive days at certain activity thresholds, does not yet exist. Thus, several climatological aspects of the MJO were developed in this study: 1) annual and 2) seasonal variability in MJO intensity, quantified using four defined activity categories (inactive, active, very active, and extremely active); 3) persistence in the above-defined four categories; 4) cycle length; and 5) low-frequency (decadal) variability. On an annual basis, MJO phases 1 and 2 occurred more often, and phase 8 occurred less often, than the other phases throughout the year. Notable seasonality was also found, particularly in the frequency of extremely active MJO in March-May (8% of days) compared with June-August (only 1% of days). The MJO was persistent in time and across intensity categories, and all activity categories the following day had at least an 80% chance of maintaining their amplitudes. Implications of this climatology are discussed, including length of complete MJO cycles (the shortest of which was 17 days) and correlations between MJO amplitude and atmospheric response. C1 [Lafleur, Donald M.; Barrett, Bradford S.; Henderson, Gina R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barrett, BS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bbarrett@usna.edu FU NSF [PLR-1203843, AGS-1240143] FX This work was partially supported by NSF Grants PLR-1203843 and AGS-1240143. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which greatly strengthened this manuscript. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 15 BP 6039 EP 6053 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00744.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9YM UT WOS:000359532800010 ER PT J AU Kelley, ML Stambaugh, L Milletich, RJ Veprinsky, A Snell, AK AF Kelley, Michelle L. Stambaugh, Leyla Milletich, Robert J. Veprinsky, Anna Snell, Alicia K. TI Number of Deployments, Relationship Satisfaction and Perpetration of Partner Violence Among US Navy Members SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deployment; relationship satisfaction; partner violence; Navy members ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; ARMY COUPLES; MILITARY COUPLES; VETERANS; SOLDIERS AB The present brief report examined whether number of deployments, relationship satisfaction, and the interaction between number of deployments and relationship satisfaction predicted Navy members' reports of perpetrating physical partner violence. Participants were 80 U.S. Navy members assigned to an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer anticipating an 8-month deployment after Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom. The effect that the number of deployments had on perpetrating physical partner violence diminished as relationship satisfaction increased. Results suggest the importance of designing domestic violence intervention and treatment efforts toward those who report high levels of deployment and low relationship satisfaction. C1 [Kelley, Michelle L.; Milletich, Robert J.; Veprinsky, Anna] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Stambaugh, Leyla] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Snell, Alicia K.] US Navy, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Kelley, ML (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM mkelley@odu.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0893-3200 EI 1939-1293 J9 J FAM PSYCHOL JI J. Fam. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1037/fam0000101 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA CO7YN UT WOS:000359379900014 PM 26053344 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Toward Clarity on Understanding Tropical Cyclone Intensification SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical cyclones ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; PART II; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; SECONDARY CIRCULATIONS; ATLANTIC BASIN; INFLOW LAYER; WARM-CORE AB The authors review an emerging paradigm of tropical cyclone intensification in the context of the prototype intensification problem, which relates to the spinup of a preexisting vortex near tropical storm strength in a quiescent environment. In addition, the authors review briefly what is known about tropical cyclone intensification in the presence of vertical wind shear. The authors go on to examine two recent lines of research that seem to offer very different views to understanding the intensification problem. The first of these proposes a mechanism to explain rapid intensification in terms of surface pressure falls in association with upper-level warming accompanying outbreaks of deep convection. The second line of research explores the relationship between the contraction of the radius of maximum tangential wind and intensification in the classical axisymmetric convective ring model, albeit in an unbalanced framework. The authors challenge a finding of the second line of research that appears to cast doubt on a recently suggested mechanism for the spinup of maximum tangential wind speed in the boundary layera feature seen in observations. In doing so, the authors recommend some minimum requirements for a satisfactory explanation of tropical cyclone intensification. C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30-23]; Office of Naval Research Global [N62909-15-1-N021]; NSF [AGS-1313948]; NOAA HFIP [N0017315WR00048]; NASA [NNG11PK021]; U.S. Naval Postgraduate School FX The seeds for this study arose from discussions at one of the regular Hurricane Research Division meetings which the first author attended in October 2014 and at a Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project Workshop in which the second author participated one month later. We thank especially Drs. Paul Reasor, Hua Chen, and Rob Rogers of the Hurricane Research Division for stimulating discussions that initiated the study and Dr. Sergio Abarca for his perceptive comments on a near final draft of the manuscript. A first draft of the paper was completed during a productive and enjoyable visit to the Bureau of Meteorology's Regional Forecasting Centre in Darwin, Australia, in December 2014. We thank the Regional Director, Todd Smith, for hosting our visit and providing a stimulating atmosphere for conducting our research. We thank also Michael Reeder, Dave Raymond, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of the original manuscript. RKS acknowledges financial support for this research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under Grant SM30-23 and the Office of Naval Research Global under Grant N62909-15-1-N021. MTM acknowledges the support of NSF AGS-1313948, NOAA HFIP Grant N0017315WR00048, NASA Grant NNG11PK021, and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3020 EP 3031 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0017.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO7OU UT WOS:000359350400011 ER PT J AU Choi, WY Kim, HJ Chang, J Han, SH Koo, HC Johnson, M AF Choi, Won Young Kim, Hyung-jun Chang, Joonyeon Han, Suk Hee Koo, Hyun Cheol Johnson, Mark TI Electrical detection of coherent spin precession using the ballistic intrinsic spin Hall effect SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFECT TRANSISTOR; INJECTION; DEVICES AB The spin-orbit interaction in two-dimensional electron systems provides an exceptionally rich area of research. Coherent spin precession in a Rashba effective magnetic field(1,2) in the channel of a spin field-effect transistor(3,4) and the spin Hall effect(5-7) are the two most compelling topics in this area. Here, we combine these effects to provide a direct demonstration of the ballistic intrinsic spin Hall effect(8) and to demonstrate a technique for an all-electric measurement of the Datta-Das(3) conductance oscillation, that is, the oscillation in the source-drain conductance due to spin precession. Our hybrid device has a ferromagnet electrode as a spin injector and a spin Hall detector. Results from multiple devices with different channel lengths map out two full wavelengths of the Datta-Das oscillation. We also use the original Datta-Das technique with a single device of fixed length and measure the channel conductance as the gate voltage is varied. Our experiments show that the ballistic spin Hall effect can be used for efficient injection or detection of spin polarized electrons, thereby enabling the development of an integrated spin transistor. C1 [Choi, Won Young; Kim, Hyung-jun; Chang, Joonyeon; Han, Suk Hee; Koo, Hyun Cheol] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Spintron, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Choi, Won Young; Koo, Hyun Cheol] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Johnson, Mark] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koo, HC (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Spintron, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM hckoo@kist.re.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant - Korea government (MSIP) [2010-0017457]; KIST Institutional Program; KU-KIST Institutional Program; Office of Naval Research; Nanoscience Institute of the Naval Research Laboratory [ELN02414855] FX The authors thank S.Y. Park and Y. Jo for providing the physical property measurement system. This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (no. 2010-0017457) and the KIST Institutional Program. W.C. and H.C.K. acknowledge support from the KU-KIST Institutional Program. M.J. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research and the Nanoscience Institute of the Naval Research Laboratory (no. ELN02414855). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 48 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 BP 666 EP 670 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.107 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CP3CN UT WOS:000359754500008 PM 26005997 ER PT J AU Zhao, QY Xu, Q Jin, Y McLay, J Reynolds, C AF Zhao, Qingyun Xu, Qin Jin, Yi McLay, Justin Reynolds, Carolyn TI Time-Expanded Sampling for Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation Applied to Conventional and Satellite Observations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS PERTURBATION SCHEME; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; PART II; MESOSCALE; TESTS; TRANSFORM AB The time-expanded sampling (TES) method, designed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of ensemble-based data assimilation and subsequent forecast with reduced ensemble size, is tested with conventional and satellite data for operational applications constrained by computational resources. The test uses the recently developed ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for mesoscale data assimilation with the U.S. Navy's mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. Experiments are performed for a period of 6 days with a continuous update cycle of 12 h. Results from the experiments show remarkable improvements in both the ensemble analyses and forecasts with TES compared to those without. The improvements in the EnKF analyses by TES are very similar across the model's three nested grids of 45-, 15-, and 5-km grid spacing, respectively. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the TES method for ensemble-based data assimilation when the ensemble size cannot be sufficiently large because of operational constraints in situations where a time-critical environment assessment is needed or the computational resources are limited. C1 [Zhao, Qingyun; Jin, Yi; McLay, Justin; Reynolds, Carolyn] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Xu, Qin] Natl Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Zhao, QY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Mail Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM allen.zhao@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [PE 0602435N, N000140910526]; ONR FX The authors thank Mr. John Cook of the On-Demand Systems Section of the Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, for the very helpful discussions and valuable inputs into this study. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under PE 0602435N, N000140910526, and other ONR-sponsored collaboration projects. Computational resources were provided by the Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Navy Oceanographic Office and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 855 EP 872 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00108.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP1ST UT WOS:000359656300002 ER PT J AU Kunapareddy, N Grun, J Lunsford, R Nikitin, S Wang, Z Gillis, D AF Kunapareddy, Nagapratima Grun, Jacob Lunsford, Robert Nikitin, Sergei Wang, Zheng Gillis, David TI Multiwavelength Resonance Raman Characterization of the Effect of Growth Phase and Culture Medium on Bacteria SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Deep-ultraviolet resonance Raman; DUVRR; Multiple-wavelength Raman; Bacteria; Growth conditions; Identification ID DEEP UV; SPECTROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRA; NM; MICROORGANISMS; EXCITATION; COMPONENTS; SPORES; COLI AB We examine the use of multiwavelength ultraviolet (UV) resonance-Raman signatures to identify the effects of growth phase and growth medium on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli), Citrobacter koseri (C. koseri), Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii), and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) were grown to logarithmic and stationary phases in nutrient broth and brain heart infusion broth. Resonance Raman spectra of bacteria were obtained at multiple wavelengths between 220 and 260 nm; a range that encompasses the resonance frequencies of cellular constituents. We find that spectra of the same bacterial species exhibit differences due to both growth condition and growth phase, but the larger differences reflect changes due to growth phase. The differences in the Raman spectra correlate with genetic differences among the species. Using a Pearson correlation based algorithm, we achieve successful identification of these bacteria in 83% of the cases. C1 [Kunapareddy, Nagapratima; Grun, Jacob; Lunsford, Robert] US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nikitin, Sergei] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Wang, Zheng] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gillis, David] US Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kunapareddy, N (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pratima.kunapareddy@nrl.navy.mil FU United States Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This research was supported by the United States Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 69 IS 8 BP 966 EP 971 DI 10.1366/14-07770 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA CO7GM UT WOS:000359327600008 PM 26163518 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Maciag, AE Cao, Z Deschamps, JR Saavedra, JE Keefer, LK Holland, RJ AF Kim, Youseung Maciag, Anna E. Cao, Zhao Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Saavedra, Joseph E. Keefer, Larry K. Holland, Ryan J. TI PABA/NO lead optimization: Improved targeting of cytotoxicity to glutathione S-transferase P1-overexpressing cancer cells SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1); Glutathione; Nitric oxide (NO); PABA/NO; Diazeniumdiolate; Arylation; Oxidative stress; Antiproliferative; Cytotoxicity; Apoptosis ID OXIDE-RELEASING PRODRUG; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; JS-K; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTILEUKEMIC ACTIVITY; ANTICANCER LEAD; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; LEUKEMIA AB PABA/NO [O-2-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl} 1-(N,N-dimethylamino) diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] is a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing arylating agent designed to be selectively activated by reaction with glutathione (GSH) on catalysis by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. PABA/NO has proven active in several cancer models in vitro and in vivo, but its tendency to be metabolized via a variety of pathways, some that generate inactive metabolites and hydrolysis products, limits its potential as a drug. Here we show that a simple replacement of cyano for nitro at the 4 position to give compound 4b ('p-cyano-PABA/NO') has the dual effect of slowing the undesired side reactions while enhancing the proportion of NO release and arylating activity on catalysis by GSTP1. Compound 4b showed increased resistance to hydrolysis and uncatalyzed reaction with GSH, along with a more favorable product distribution in the presence of GSTP1. It also showed significant proapoptotic activity. The data suggest p-cyano-PABA/NO to be a more promising prodrug than PABA/NO, with better selectivity toward cancer cells. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Youseung; Keefer, Larry K.; Holland, Ryan J.] NCI, Biol Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Maciag, Anna E.; Cao, Zhao; Saavedra, Joseph E.] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Biol Chem Lab, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saavedra, JE (reprint author), Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Biol Chem Lab, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM saavedjo@mail.nih.gov; hollandrj@mail.nih.gov FU Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [Y1-DA1101]; Naval Research Laboratory FX This project has been funded with Federal funds from the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, under contract HHSN261200800001E, and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government.; Crystallographic studies were supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) under Contract Y1-DA1101 and by the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 EI 1464-3391 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 15 BP 4980 EP 4988 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.020 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA CN4ZV UT WOS:000358440000089 PM 26043946 ER PT J AU Khemlani, SS Lotstein, M Johnson-Laird, PN AF Khemlani, Sangeet S. Lotstein, Max Johnson-Laird, Philip N. TI Naive Probability: Model-Based Estimates of Unique Events SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesianism; Frequentism; Mental models; Subjective probabilities ID SUBJECTIVE-PROBABILITY; DISJUNCTION FALLACY; QUANTUM PROBABILITY; STANOVICH 2013; DUAL PROCESSES; SUPPORT THEORY; 2 SYSTEMS; COGNITION; CONDITIONALS; PSYCHOLOGY AB We describe a dual-process theory of how individuals estimate the probabilities of unique events, such as Hillary Clinton becoming U.S. President. It postulates that uncertainty is a guide to improbability. In its computer implementation, an intuitive system 1 simulates evidence in mental models and forms analog non-numerical representations of the magnitude of degrees of belief. This system has minimal computational power and combines evidence using a small repertoire of primitive operations. It resolves the uncertainty of divergent evidence for single events, for conjunctions of events, and for inclusive disjunctions of events, by taking a primitive average of non-numerical probabilities. It computes conditional probabilities in a tractable way, treating the given event as evidence that may be relevant to the probability of the dependent event. A deliberative system 2 maps the resulting representations into numerical probabilities. With access to working memory, it carries out arithmetical operations in combining numerical estimates. Experiments corroborated the theory's predictions. Participants concurred in estimates of real possibilities. They violated the complete joint probability distribution in the predicted ways, when they made estimates about conjunctions: P(A), P(B), P(A and B), disjunctions: P(A), P(B), P(A or B or both), and conditional probabilities P(A), P(B), P(B|A). They were faster to estimate the probabilities of compound propositions when they had already estimated the probabilities of each of their components. We discuss the implications of these results for theories of probabilistic reasoning. C1 [Khemlani, Sangeet S.] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lotstein, Max] Univ Freiburg, Ctr Cognit Sci, Freiburg, Germany. [Johnson-Laird, Philip N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Psychol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson-Laird, Philip N.] NYU, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Khemlani, SS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, 4555 Overlook Dr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM skhemlani@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation [SES 0844851] FX This research was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to the first author, and by National Science Foundation Grant No. SES 0844851 to the third author to study deductive and probabilistic reasoning. We are grateful to Sam Glucksberg, Adele Goldberg, Tony Harrison, Laura Hiatt, Olivia Kang, Philipp Koralus, Ed Lawson, Dan Osherson, Janani Prabhakar, Marco Ragni, Frank Tamborello, Greg Trafton, and Abby Sussman for their helpful suggestions and criticisms. For technical advice, we also thank Pierre Barrouillet, Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Nick Cassimatis, Nick Chater, Ernest Davis, Igor Douven, Angelo Gilio, Adam Harris, Gernot Kleiter, Gary Marcus, David Over, Niki Pfeifer, Valerie Reyna, Walter Schroyens, and Steve Sloman. We are also grateful to Jonathan Baron, Ray Nickerson, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive criticisms of an earlier version of the manuscript. The third author presented some of the research to a meeting of the London Judgment and Decision Making Group in August 2013, and we thank its members for their stimulating questions. NR 103 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-0213 EI 1551-6709 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1216 EP 1258 DI 10.1111/cogs.12193 PG 43 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA CN7NH UT WOS:000358620800003 PM 25363706 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL McCarrin, M AF Garfinkel, Simson L. McCarrin, Michael TI Hash-based carving: Searching media for complete files and file fragments with sector hashing and hashdb SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual DFRWS Conference (DFRWS USA) CY 2015 CL Philadelphia, PA SP DFRWS DE Hash-based carving; Hashdb; bulk_extractor; Sector hashing; Similarity AB Hash-based carving is a technique for detecting the presence of specific "target files" on digital media by evaluating the hashes of individual data blocks, rather than the hashes of entire files. Unlike whole-file hashing, hash-based carving can identify files that are fragmented, files that are incomplete, or files that have been partially modified. Previous efforts at hash-based carving have looked for evidence of a single file or a few files. We attempt hash-based carving with a target file database of roughly a million files and discover an unexpectedly high false identification rate resulting from common data structures in Microsoft Office documents and multimedia files. We call such blocks "non-probative blocks." We present the HASH-SETS algorithm that can determine the presence of files, and the HASH-RUNS algorithm that can reassemble files using a database of file block hashes. Both algorithms address the problem of non-probative blocks and provide results that can be used by analysts looking for target data on searched media. We demonstrate our technique using the bulk_extractor forensic tool, the hashdb hash database, and an algorithm implementation written in Python. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of DFRWS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Garfinkel, Simson L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCarrin, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM simsong@acm.org; mrmccarr@nps.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 EI 1873-202X J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 SU S BP S95 EP S105 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2015.05.001 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA CO7HL UT WOS:000359330100011 ER PT J AU Purves, D Jenkins, R Strawser, BJ AF Purves, Duncan Jenkins, Ryan Strawser, Bradley J. TI Autonomous Machines, Moral Judgment, and Acting for the Right Reasons SO ETHICAL THEORY AND MORAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Killing; War; Autonomous; Autonomous weapons; Just war theory; Right reasons; Moral judgment; Driverless cars; Responsibility; Artificial intelligence ID ETHICS; VIRTUE C1 [Purves, Duncan] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jenkins, Ryan] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Strawser, Bradley J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Strawser, BJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Duncan.Purves@gmail.com; RyanJenkins@gmail.com; BJStrawser@gmail.com NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2820 EI 1572-8447 J9 ETHICAL THEORY MORAL JI Ethical Theory Moral Pract. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 18 IS 4 BP 851 EP 872 DI 10.1007/s10677-015-9563-y PG 22 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA CN9PY UT WOS:000358782500014 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, Mary A. TI A Changing Wind: Commerce and Conflict in Civil War Atlanta SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [DeCredico, Mary A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 EI 2325-6893 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 IS 3 BP 741 EP 743 PG 3 WC History SC History GA CO1EC UT WOS:000358895500041 ER PT J AU Kim, W Simpkins, BS Long, JP Zhang, BY Hendrickson, J Guo, JP AF Kim, Wonkyu Simpkins, Blake S. Long, James P. Zhang, Boyang Hendrickson, Joshua Guo, Junpeng TI Localized and nonlocalized plasmon resonance enhanced light absorption in metal-insulator-metal nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PERFECT ABSORBER; BROAD-BAND; METAMATERIAL ABSORBER; TERAHERTZ REGIME; GRATINGS; RESONATORS; EFFICIENT; DESIGN; FILMS; ANGLE AB Multiple absorption bands in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanostructure are comprehensively investigated in the visible and near-infrared (near-IR) regime. The MIM nanostructure consists of patterned gold squares with systematically varying size and period atop a thin aluminum nitride dielectric layer on a thick gold film. Both the transverse-electric (TE) slab-waveguide mode and the transverse-magnetic (TM) surface plasmon-polariton mode can be excited in the nanostructure. Grating coupling of the incident light into nonlocalized traveling waves is found from electromagnetic field patterns and from the linear dispersion of the absorption modes with period. A localized mode strengthens the near-IR absorption band for small square sizes, and the resonance shifts to red for large square sizes. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Wonkyu; Zhang, Boyang; Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Simpkins, Blake S.; Long, James P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM guoj@uah.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 15RYCOR159]; Alabama Graduate Research Scholarship Program (GRSP); National Science Foundation (NSF) [1158862]; Office of Naval Research FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (LRIR 15RYCOR159); Alabama Graduate Research Scholarship Program (GRSP); National Science Foundation (NSF) (1158862); Office of Naval Research. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1686 EP 1692 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.001686 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CN9SB UT WOS:000358788200020 ER PT J AU De Gregorio, BT Stroud, RM Burgess, KD Davidson, J Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO AF De Gregorio, B. T. Stroud, R. M. Burgess, K. D. Davidson, J. Nittler, L. R. Alexander, C. M. O'D. TI CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY OF ORGANIC MATTER IN MINIMALLY-HEATED CO CHONDRITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [De Gregorio, B. T.] Nova Res Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stroud, R. M.; Burgess, K. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Davidson, J.; Nittler, L. R.; Alexander, C. M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Baltimore, MD USA. EM bradley.degregorio.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5128.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900076 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Alexander, CMO AF Stroud, R. M. Alexander, C. M. O'D TI HETEORATOM DISTRIBUTIONS IN METEORITIC NANODIAMOND RESIDUES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Stroud, R. M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alexander, C. M. O'D] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM rhonda.stroud@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5302.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900316 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Haenecour, P Floss, C Stroud, RM AF Zega, T. J. Haenecour, P. Floss, C. Stroud, R. M. TI CIRCUMSTELLAR MAGNETITE IDENTIFIED IN THE LAP 031117 CO3.0 CHONDRITE SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HIBONITE; RICH C1 [Zega, T. J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Haenecour, P.; Floss, C.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Haenecour, P.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Floss, C.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stroud, R. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tzega@lpl.arizona.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5390.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900379 ER PT J AU Martinez-Blanco, J Nacci, C Erwin, SC Kanisawa, K Locane, E Thomas, M von Oppen, F Brouwer, PW Folsch, S AF Martinez-Blanco, Jesus Nacci, Christophe Erwin, Steven C. Kanisawa, Kiyoshi Locane, Elina Thomas, Mark von Oppen, Felix Brouwer, Piet W. Foelsch, Stefan TI Gating a single-molecule transistor with individual atoms SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; FRANCK-CONDON BLOCKADE; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE; ORGANIC-MOLECULE; JUNCTIONS; BARRIER AB Transistors, regardless of their size, rely on electrical gates to control the conductance between source and drain contacts. In atomic-scale transistors, this conductance is sensitive to single electrons hopping via individual orbitals(1,2). Single-electron transport in molecular transistors has been previously studied using top-down approaches to gating, such as lithography and break junctions(1,3-11). But atomically precise control of the gate-which is crucial to transistor action at the smallest size scales-is not possible with these approaches. Here, we used individual charged atoms, manipulated by a scanning tunnelling microscope(12), to create the electrical gates for a single-molecule transistor. This degree of control allowed us to tune the molecule into the regime of sequential single-electron tunnelling, albeit with a conductance gap more than one order of magnitude larger than observed previously(8,11,13,14). This unexpected behaviour arises from the existence of two different orientational conformations of the molecule, depending on its charge state. Our results show that strong coupling between these charge and conformational degrees of freedom leads to new behaviour beyond the established picture of single-electron transport in atomic-scale transistors. C1 [Martinez-Blanco, Jesus; Nacci, Christophe; Foelsch, Stefan] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Erwin, Steven C.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanisawa, Kiyoshi] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Locane, Elina; Thomas, Mark; von Oppen, Felix; Brouwer, Piet W.] Free Univ Berlin, Dahlem Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Locane, Elina; Thomas, Mark; von Oppen, Felix; Brouwer, Piet W.] Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Folsch, S (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM foelsch@pdi-berlin.de RI Brouwer, Piet/O-4828-2016; von Oppen, Felix/O-6730-2016 FU German Research Foundation [SFB 658]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (Collaborative Research Network SFB 658) and the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. Some computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 66 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 8 BP 640 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHYS3385 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO0OQ UT WOS:000358851900015 ER PT J AU Diamond, CA Judge, CQ Orazov, B Savas, O O'Reilly, OM AF Diamond, Christopher A. Judge, Carolyn Q. Orazov, Bayram Savas, Oemer O'Reilly, Oliver M. TI Mass-modulation schemes for a class of wave energy converters: Experiments, models, and efficacy SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ocean wave energy converter; Energy harvesting; Piecewise-smooth dynamical systems ID OSCILLATING BODIES; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; POWER ABSORPTION; OPTIMIZATION; VIBRATION; SHAPE AB In a recent series of works, mass-modulation schemes have been proposed for a class of ocean wave energy converter (WEC). The goal of the schemes is to improve the energy harvesting capabilities of these devices by taking advantage of the ambient water. However this improvement comes at the cost of increased system complexity and possible impulse loadings at the instances where the mass changes. In the present work, experimental results for a pair of these schemes are presented and one of them is shown to be effective in increasing the energy harvesting potential of a WEC. Building and testing prototype WECs are costly and challenging and so, in order to examine as wide a range of parameters and designs as possible, a detailed two degree-of-freedom model is developed for a WEC equipped with a mass-modulation scheme. Numerical analysis of the model also shows the potential benefits of the mass-modulation scheme. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Diamond, Christopher A.; Orazov, Bayram; Savas, Oemer; O'Reilly, Oliver M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Judge, Carolyn Q.] US Naval Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Judge, CQ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM judge@usna.gov OI Judge, Carolyn/0000-0002-6992-299X FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CMMI-1000906] FX This research was partially supported by Grant number CMMI-1000906 from the U.S. National Science Foundation. We would also like to thank Steffen Paiva, who assisted greatly in the realization of the experiments contained in this paper and the reviewers of an earlier draft of this paper for their constructive comments. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 104 BP 452 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.05.018 PG 17 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CO4XV UT WOS:000359165100038 ER PT J AU Shattuck, NL Matsangas, P Eriksen, E Kulubis, S AF Shattuck, Nita Lewis Matsangas, Panagiotis Eriksen, Elke Kulubis, Spiros TI Comparison of Two Watch Schedules for Personnel at the White House Military Office President's Emergency Operations Center SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE shiftwork; sleep deprivation; fatigue; continuous operations; Profile of Mood State ID SHIFT WORK; EUROPEAN-COMMUNITY; STRESS FACTOR; SLEEP; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; ACTIGRAPHS; PEOPLE AB Objective The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of an alternative, 24-hr-on/72-hr-off watchstanding schedule on sleep and morale of personnel assigned to the President's Emergency Operations Center (PEOC). Background As part of the White House Military Office, PEOC personnel historically worked a 12-hr Panama watch schedule. Personnel reported experiencing chronic insufficient and disrupted sleep patterns and sought advice for improving their watchstanding schedule. Method Participants (N= 14 active-duty military members, ages 29 to 42 years) completed the Profile of Mood State (POMS) three times: before, during, and after switching to the alternative schedule with 5-hr sleep periods built into their workday. Participants completed a poststudy questionnaire to assess individual schedule preferences. Sleep was measured actigraphically, supplemented by activity logs. Results As indicated by POMS scores, mood improved significantly on the new schedule. Although average total sleep amount did not change substantively, the timing of sleep was more consistent on the new schedule, resulting in better sleep hygiene. PEOC personnel overwhelmingly preferred the new schedule, reporting not only that they felt more rested but that the new schedule was more conducive to the demands of family life. Conclusions Demands of family life and time spent commuting were found to be critical factors for acceptance of the alternative schedule. This new schedule will be most effective if personnel adhere to the scheduled rest periods assigned during their 24-hr duty. Application A successful schedule should avoid conflicts between social life and operational demands. Results may lead to changes in the work schedules of other departments with similar 24/7 responsibilities. C1 [Shattuck, Nita Lewis; Matsangas, Panagiotis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shattuck, Nita Lewis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shattuck, Nita Lewis] Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kulubis, Spiros] Presidents Emergency Operat Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Shattuck, NL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Dr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nlshattu@nps.edu RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD AUG PY 2015 VL 57 IS 5 BP 864 EP 878 DI 10.1177/0018720815576434 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA CN6IT UT WOS:000358539000008 PM 25850117 ER PT J AU Lee, W Angus, JR Umansky, MV Krasheninnikov, SI AF Lee, Wonjae Angus, J. R. Umansky, Maxim V. Krasheninnikov, Sergei I. TI Electromagnetic effects on plasma blob-filament transport SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB Both microscopic and macroscopic impacts of the electromagnetic effects on blob dynamics are considered. Linear stability analysis and nonlinear BOUT++ simulations demonstrate that electromagnetic effects in high temperature or high beta plasmas suppress the resistive drift wave turbulence in the blob when resistivity drops below a certain value. In the course of blob's motion in the SQL its temperature is reduced, which leads to enhancement of resistive effects, so the blob can switch from electromagnetic to electrostatic regime, where resistive drift wave turbulence become important. It is found that inhomogeneity of magnetic curvature or plasma pressure along the filament length leads to bending of the high-beta blob filaments. This is caused by the increase of the propagation time of plasma current (Alfven time) in higher-density plasma. The effects of sheath boundary conditions on the part of the blob away from the boundary are also diminished by the increased Alfven time. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Wonjae; Krasheninnikov, Sergei I.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Angus, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Umansky, Maxim V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Krasheninnikov, Sergei I.] Nucl Res Natl Univ MEPhl, Moscow 115409, Russia. RP Lee, W (reprint author), 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wol023@ucsd.edu OI Angus, Justin/0000-0003-1474-0002 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Science at UCSD [DE-FG02-04ER54739, DE-SC0010413]; Kwanjeong Educational Foundation FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Science under Award Number DE-FG02-04ER54739 and DE-SC0010413 at UCSD. This research was also supported by the Kwanjeong Educational Foundation. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 765 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.083 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200162 ER PT J AU Gentry, SE Chow, EKH Massie, A Luo, X Shteyn, E Pyke, J Zaun, D Snyder, JJ Israni, AK Kasiske, B Segev, DL AF Gentry, Sommer E. Chow, Eric K. H. Massie, Allan Luo, Xun Shteyn, Eugene Pyke, Joshua Zaun, David Snyder, Jon J. Israni, Ajay K. Kasiske, Bert Segev, Dorry L. TI Liver sharing and organ procurement organization performance under redistricted allocation SO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES; UNITED-STATES; WAITING-LIST; TRANSPLANTATION; ACCESS; RATES AB Concerns have been raised that optimized redistricting of liver allocation areas might have the unintended result of shifting livers from better-performing to poorer-performing organ procurement organizations (OPOs). We used liver simulated allocation modeling to simulate a 5-year period of liver sharing within either 4 or 8 optimized districts. We investigated whether each OPO's net liver import under redistricting would be correlated with 2 OPO performance metrics (observed to expected liver yield and liver donor conversion ratio), along with 2 other potential correlates (eligible deaths and incident listings above a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 15). We found no evidence that livers would flow from better-performing OPOs to poorer-performing OPOs in either redistricting scenario. Instead, under these optimized redistricting plans, our simulations suggest that livers would flow from OPOs with more-than-expected eligible deaths toward those with fewer-than-expected eligible deaths and that livers would flow from OPOs with fewer-than-expected incident listings to those with more-than-expected incident listings; the latter is a pattern that is already established in the current allocation system. Redistricting liver distribution to reduce geographic inequity is expected to align liver allocation across the country with the distribution of supply and demand rather than transferring livers from better-performing OPOs to poorer-performing OPOs. Liver Transpl 21:1031-1039, 2015. (c) 2015 AASLD. C1 [Gentry, Sommer E.; Chow, Eric K. H.; Massie, Allan; Luo, Xun; Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Massie, Allan; Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Shteyn, Eugene; Pyke, Joshua; Zaun, David; Snyder, Jon J.; Israni, Ajay K.; Kasiske, Bert] Minneapolis Med Res Fdn Inc, Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Snyder, Jon J.; Israni, Ajay K.] Univ Minnesota, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Israni, Ajay K.; Kasiske, Bert] Univ Minnesota, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Gentry, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, 572-C Holloway Rd,Mail Stop 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gentry@usna.edu OI Luo, Xun/0000-0003-0244-9832 FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [K24DK101828]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RC1 1RC1DK086450-01]; Health Resources Services Administration [HHSH250201000018C]; US Department of Health and Human Services/Health Resources and Services Administration FX Dorry L. Segev is supported by grant number K24DK101828 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. This research was supported by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, RC1 1RC1DK086450-01, and by Health Resources Services Administration contract #HHSH250201000018C.; The liver simulated allocation model and input data files have been supplied by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, United Network for Organ Sharing, and the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation under contract with US Department of Health and Human Services/Health Resources and Services Administration. The authors alone are responsible for reporting and interpreting these data; the views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the US Government. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1527-6465 EI 1527-6473 J9 LIVER TRANSPLANT JI Liver Transplant. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1031 EP 1039 DI 10.1002/lt.24171 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation GA CN8KP UT WOS:000358689500005 PM 25990089 ER PT J AU Huang, K Derada, S Xue, HJ Xiu, P Chai, F Xie, Q Wang, DX AF Huang, Ke Derada, Sergio Xue, Huijie Xiu, Peng Chai, Fei Xie, Qiang Wang, Dongxiao TI A 1/8A degrees coupled biochemical-physical Indian Ocean Regional Model: Physical results and validation SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Monsoon; Seasonal and interannual variability; Indian Ocean; Arabian Sea; Surface and subsurface variability; Wave propagation ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DIMENSIONAL ECOSYSTEM MODEL; PACIFIC UPWELLING SYSTEM; SOUTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT; INDO-WESTERN PACIFIC; ARABIAN SEA; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE SALINITY; INDONESIAN SEAS AB A coupled physical-biochemical Indian Ocean Regional Model (IORM), based on the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and the Carbon Silicate Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model was configured with the primary objective of providing an accurate estimate of the oceanic physical state along with the biochemical processes simulated by CoSiNE to understand the variability in the Indian Ocean (IO). The model did not assimilate any data; instead, weak relaxation of temperature and salinity was implemented to keep the model stable in the long-term simulations. In this study, the skill of the IORM in simulating physical states in the IO was evaluated. Basin-scale surface circulation and cross-sectional transports were compared to observations, which demonstrated that the model replicated most of the observed features with reasonably good accuracy. Consistency and biases in the upper ocean temperature, salinity, and mixed layer depth were also analyzed. Lastly, the seasonality in the IO, its response to monsoonal forcing, and the evolution and dynamics of surface and subsurface dipole events were examined. The IORM reproduced most of the dynamic features including Ekman pumping, wave propagation, and climate variability at both annual and interannual time scales. The internal ocean dynamics and behavior of the modeled sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) suggest a coupled ocean/atmosphere instability that will require further research, including sensitivity experiments to realize improvements in model parameterization. C1 [Huang, Ke; Xue, Huijie; Xiu, Peng; Xie, Qiang; Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Huang, Ke] Grad Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Derada, Sergio] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Hancock, MS 39529 USA. [Xue, Huijie; Chai, Fei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Xie, Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya Inst Deep Sea Sci & Engn, Sanya, Hainan, Peoples R China. RP Xue, HJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM hxue@maine.edu RI WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010304]; China Scholarship Counsel [201304910293]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41476012]; NASA [NNX07AK82G]; Australian Government through National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS); Super Science Initiative (SSI) FX This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11010304), the China Scholarship Counsel (No. 201304910293), and the Natural Science Foundation of China (41476012). The modeling work was supported by NASA grant number NNX07AK82G, and the model simulations were performed at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. The authors thank Dr. Feng Zhou and Dr. Yan Du for their suggestions and comments. Thanks also to the NOAA/OSCAR group for providing satellite-derived current data. The RAMA data were provided by the TAO Project Office at NOAA/PMEL. The altimeter products are produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO. XBT data are sourced from the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS); IMOS is supported by the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) and the Super Science Initiative (SSI). The satellite-derived salinity data were obtained from the "Centre Aval de Traitement des Donnees SMOS" (CATDS), operated for the "Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales" (CNES, France) by IFREMER (Brest, France) NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s10236-015-0860-8 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7HI UT WOS:000358604600006 ER PT J AU Citta, JJ Quakenbush, LT Okkonen, SR Druckenmiller, ML Maslowski, W Clement-Kinney, J George, JC Brower, H Small, RJ Ashjian, CJ Harwood, LA Heide-Jorgensen, MP AF Citta, John J. Quakenbush, Lori T. Okkonen, Stephen R. Druckenmiller, Matthew L. Maslowski, Wieslaw Clement-Kinney, Jaclyn George, John C. Brower, Harry Small, Robert J. Ashjian, Carin J. Harwood, Lois A. Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter TI Ecological characteristics of core-use areas used by Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) bowhead whales, 2006-2012 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; CAPE BATHURST; SEA-ICE; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; CALANUS-HYPERBOREUS; WINTER MOVEMENTS; GRAZING COPEPODS; LIFE-HISTORIES; NORTH WATER AB The Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) population of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) ranges across the seasonally ice-covered waters of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. We used locations from 54 bowhead whales, obtained by satellite telemetry between 2006 and 2012, to define areas of concentrated use, termed "core-use areas". We identified six primary core-use areas and describe the timing of use and physical characteristics (oceanography, sea ice, and winds) associated with these areas. In spring, most whales migrated from wintering grounds in the Bering Sea to the Cape Bathurst polynya, Canada (Area 1), and spent the most time in the vicinity of the halocline at depths <75 m, which are within the euphotic zone, where calanoid copepods ascend following winter diapause. Peak use of the polynya occurred between 7 May and 5 July; whales generally left in July, when copepods are expected to descend to deeper depths. Between 12 July and 25 September, most tagged whales were located in shallow shelf waters adjacent to the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Canada (Area 2), where wind-driven upwelling promotes the concentration of calanoid copepods. Between 22 August and 2 November, whales also congregated near Point Barrow, Alaska (Area 3), where east winds promote upwelling that moves zooplankton onto the Beaufort shelf, and subsequent relaxation of these winds promoted zooplankton aggregations. Between 27 October and 8 January, whales congregated along the northern shore of Chukotka, Russia (Area 4), where zooplankton likely concentrated along a coastal front between the southeastward-flowing Siberian Coastal Current and northward-flowing Bering Sea waters. The two remaining core-use areas occurred in the Bering Sea: Anadyr Strait (Area 5), where peak use occurred between 29 November and 20 April, and the Gulf of Anadyr (Area 6), where peak use occurred between 4 December and 1 April; both areas exhibited highly fractured sea ice. Whales near the Gulf of Anadyr spent almost half of their time at depths between 75 and 100 m, usually near the seafloor, where a subsurface front between cold Anadyr Water and warmer Bering Shelf Water presumably aggregates zooplankton. The amount of time whales spent near the seafloor in the Gulf of Anadyr, where copepods (in diapause) and, possibly, euphausiids are expected to aggregate provides strong evidence that bowhead whales are feeding in winter. The timing of bowhead spring migration corresponds with when zooplankton are,expected to begin their spring ascent in April. The core-use areas we identified are also generally known from other studies to have high densities of whales and we are confident these areas represent the majority of important feeding areas during the study (2006-2012). Other feeding areas, that we did not detect, likely existed during the study and we expect core-use area boundaries to shift in response to changing hydrographic conditions. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Citta, John J.; Quakenbush, Lori T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Okkonen, Stephen R.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Druckenmiller, Matthew L.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maslowski, Wieslaw; Clement-Kinney, Jaclyn] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [George, John C.; Brower, Harry] North Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. [Small, Robert J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Ashjian, Carin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Harwood, Lois A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada. [Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-1016 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Citta, JJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM john.citta@alaska.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PC00005, M10PS00192, 01-05-CT39268]; NOAA-NMFS [M08PG20021]; ADFG [M10PC00085]; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Ecosystem Research Initiative (DFO); Panel for Energy Research and Development FX This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). This cooperative project involved contributions and hard work from many organizations, agencies, and individuals, including the following: Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, North Slope Borough (Billy Adams, Robert Suydam, and Taqulik Hepa), Barrow and Kaktovik Whaling Captain's Associations (Eugene Brower, Fenton Rexford, Joe Kaleak, George Tagarook, and Eddie Arey), Barrow Arctic Science Consortium (Lewis Brower), Aklavik and Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committees (Dennis Arey, Larry Arey, Pat Kasook, Buddy Gruben, Douglas Panaktalok, Mikkel Panaktalok, Max Kotokak, Sr., Charles Pokiak, and James Pokiak), Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) (Kevin Bill, Tim Leblanc, Patrick Ryan, Terry Stein, Angus Alunik), Dr. Stephen Raverty of the British Columbia Animal Health Center, and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (Mikkel and Anders Villum Jensen). Gerald Darnis, Annette Wold, and Chris Stark provided helpful discussion regarding zooplankton. John Burns, William Koski, Sue Moore, and an anonymous reviewer commented on a draft of this manuscript. Funding for this research was mainly provided by U.S. Minerals Management Service (now Bureau of Ocean Energy Management) under contracts M12PC00005, M10PS00192, and 01-05-CT39268, with the support and assistance from Charles Monnett and Jeffery Denton, and under Interagency Agreement No. M08PG20021 with NOAA-NMFS and Contract No. M10PC00085 with ADF&G. Work in Canada was also funded by the Fisheries Joint Management Committee, Ecosystem Research Initiative (DFO), and Panel for Energy Research and Development. Bowhead whale research has been conducted in the U.S. under a Marine Mammal Protection Act permit issued to National Marine Fisheries Service (No. 782-1719) and to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (No. 14610) and under Animal Care and Use permit Nos. 06-16, 09-21, 10-13R, 12-020. In Canada, research was conducted under Department of Fisheries and Oceans Scientific License No. S-07/08-4007-IN, S-08/09-4000-IN, S-09/10-4005-IN-A1 and Animal Care Protocols FWI-ACC-2007-2008-013 and FWI-ACC-2008-031, and FWI-ACC-2009-019. NR 107 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 201 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.08.012 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900013 ER PT J AU Meredith, RW Faas, RW Lambert, DN AF Meredith, Roger W. Faas, Richard W. Lambert, Douglas N. TI Variability in normal-incidence acoustic response in shallow-water marine sediments SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marine sediment classification; Sediment variability; Acoustic variability; Normal-incidence ID PROPERTY VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CLASSIFICATION; FLUCTUATIONS; POROSITY; DENSITY; OCEAN AB Lateral variations in mass properties of sediments (grain density, porosity, and composition) occur at many spatial scales in all types of sediments. Sediment bulk properties determine elasticity and density and, therefore, the degree of acoustic response. Variations in properties and processes limit the potential of using acoustic response to differentiate sediment types. Small changes in one or more properties can produce a wide variation in the acoustic response, and empirical curve fitting most often serves as models for these relationships. Sedimentary data and acoustic variability at 30 and 50 kHz from three sites in the Mississippi Sound (Lambert et al., 2002) have been further analyzed and compared for the available Shepard sediment classes. Initial observations revealed trends in acoustic variability based on sediment classification. Clustering techniques were used to estimate the central tendency of the sparse set of geoacoustic measurements based on selected combinations of geotechnical parameters. The group-averaged sediment properties (geotechnical, granulometric, and geoacoustical) partially correlate with the acoustic coefficient of variation of the normal-incidence ping-ensemble 50 kHz response. Changes in acoustic fluctuations at 30 and 50 kHz strongly correlate with water content and compositional variations, and are consistent with volume variability and scattering. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meredith, Roger W.] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Faas, Richard W.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Lambert, Douglas N.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Meredith, RW (reprint author), Naval Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. EM roger.meredith@navy.mil NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 104 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.05.012 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN0IP UT WOS:000358097600008 ER PT J AU Khuntirat, B Love, CS Buddhari, D Heil, GL Gibbons, RV Rothman, AL Srikiatkhachorn, A Gray, GC Yoon, IK AF Khuntirat, Benjawan Love, Christopher S. Buddhari, Darunee Heil, Gary L. Gibbons, Robert V. Rothman, Alan L. Srikiatkhachorn, Anon Gray, Gregory C. Yoon, In-Kyu TI Absence of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A/H5N1 virus among children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; H5N1; Microneutralization; Serology; Subclinical infection ID H5N1; INFECTIONS; HUMANS AB Background: Influenza A/H5N1 actively circulated in Kamphaeng Phet (KPP), Thailand from 2004 to 2006. A prospective longitudinal cohort study of influenza virus infection in 800 adults conducted during 2008-2010 in KPP suggested that subclinical or mild H5N1 infections had occurred among this adult cohort. However, this study was conducted after the peak of H5N1 activity in KPP. Coincidentally, banked serum samples were available from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school children who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses from 2004 to 2007 and lived in the same district of KPP as the adult cohort. Objectives: We sought to investigate whether subclinical or mild H5N1 infections had occurred among KPP residents during the peak of H5N1 activity from 2004 to 2006. Study design: H5N1 microneutralization (MN) assay was performed on banked serum samples from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school children who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses in KPP. Annual blood samples collected from 2004 to 2006 from 251 children were selected based on the criteria that they lived in villages with documented H5N1 infection. Result: No H5N1 neutralizing antibodies were detected in 753 annual blood samples from 251 children. Conclusion: During 2004-2006, very few subclinical or mild H5N1 infections occurred in KPP. Elevated H5N1MN titers found in the adult cohort in 2008 were likely due to cross-reactivity from other influenza virus subtypes highlighting the complexities in interpreting influenza serological data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Khuntirat, Benjawan; Buddhari, Darunee; Gibbons, Robert V.; Yoon, In-Kyu] Armed Forced Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Love, Christopher S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Heil, Gary L.; Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Gainesville, FL USA. [Heil, Gary L.; Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Hlth Profess & Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Rothman, Alan L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Inst Immunol & Informat, Providence, RI 02908 USA. [Srikiatkhachorn, Anon] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Khuntirat, B (reprint author), Armed Forced Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM BenjawanK@afrims.org FU Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS); US Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP); National Institutes of Health [R01AI068803, P01AI034533] FX This work was supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS), the US Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP), and the National Institutes of Health [R01AI068803 and P01AI034533]. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 69 BP 78 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.05.025 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA CN3IH UT WOS:000358318400018 PM 26209384 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG AF Lambrakos, S. G. TI Inverse Thermal Analysis of Welds Using Multiple Constraints and Relaxed Parameter Optimization SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE joining; modeling and simulation; thermal analysis; welding ID POOL SURFACE; FLUID-FLOW; HEAT; STEEL; MODEL AB Aspects of a methodology for inverse thermal analysis of welds are examined that provide for relaxed model-parameter optimization. These aspects are associated with the inherent insensitivity of temperature fields, obtained by inverse analysis, to local shape variations of constrained boundaries within these fields. The inverse analysis methodology is in terms of numerical-analytical basis functions for construction parametric temperature histories, which can be adopted as input data to computational procedures for further analysis. In addition, these parametric temperature histories can be used for inverse thermal analysis of welds corresponding to other process parameters or welding processes whose process conditions are within similar regimes. The inverse thermal analysis procedure provides for the inclusion of volumetric constraint conditions whose two-dimensional projections are mappings onto transverse cross sections of experimentally measured boundary conditions, such as solidification and transformation boundaries, and isothermal surfaces associated with thermocouple measurements. Issues concerning relaxed parameter optimization are discussed with respect to inverse thermal analysis of Ti-6Al-4V pulsed-mode laser welds using multiple constraint conditions. C1 Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX This work was supported by a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) internal core program. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2925 EP 2936 DI 10.1007/s11665-015-1603-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CN3OG UT WOS:000358335600010 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Snipes, JS Ramaswami, S Yavari, R Barsoum, RS AF Grujicic, M. Snipes, J. S. Ramaswami, S. Yavari, R. Barsoum, R. S. TI All-Atom Molecular-Level Analysis of the Ballistic-Impact-Induced Densification and Devitrification of Fused Silica SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE all-atom molecular-level analyses; fused silica; quantum-mechanical density functional theory (DFT) analyses; quartz; stishovite ID SODA-LIME GLASS; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; CARBON-NANOTUBES; AMORPHOUS SILICA; MATERIAL MODEL; FORCE-FIELD; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; COMPASS; SYSTEMS AB All-atom molecular-level computations are carried out to infer the dynamic response and material microstructure/topology changes of fused silica subjected to ballistic impact by a hard projectile. The analysis was focused on the investigation of specific aspects of the dynamic response and of the microstructural changes such as the deformation of highly sheared and densified regions and the conversion of amorphous fused silica to SiO2 crystalline allotropic modifications (in particular, alpha-quartz and stishovite). The microstructural changes in question were determined by carrying out a post-processing atom-coordination procedure. This procedure suggested the formation of stishovite (and perhaps alpha-quartz) within fused silica during ballistic impact. To rationalize the findings obtained, the all-atom molecular-level computational analysis is complemented by a series of quantum-mechanics density functional theory (DFT) computations. The latter computations enable determination of the relative potential energies of the fused silica, alpha-quartz, and stishovite under ambient pressure (i.e., under their natural densities) as well as under imposed (as high as 50 GPa) pressures (i.e., under higher densities) and shear strains. In addition, the transition states associated with various fused-silica devitrification processes were identified. The results obtained are found to be in good agreement with their respective experimental counterparts. C1 [Grujicic, M.; Snipes, J. S.; Ramaswami, S.; Yavari, R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Barsoum, R. S.] Off Naval Res, Ships & Engn Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 241 Engn Innovat Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gmica@clemson.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-14-1-0286] FX The material presented in this paper is based on the work supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) research contract entitled "Reactive-Moiety Functionalization of Polyurea for Increased Shock-Mitigation Performance," Contract Number N00014-14-1-0286. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2970 EP 2983 DI 10.1007/s11665-015-1590-2 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CN3OG UT WOS:000358335600014 ER PT J AU Springer, RM Thomas, ME Joseph, RI AF Springer, Ryan M. Thomas, Michael E. Joseph, Richard I. TI Analysis and Comparison of Single-Crystal and Polycrystalline Nd:YAG, Scatter SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Polycrystalline YAG; single crystal YAG; Nd:YAG; optical properties; scatterance; BSDF; TIS; Kubelka-Munk; anomalous diffraction; ADA ID ND-YAG CERAMICS; LASER; PERFORMANCE; SILICA AB The extrinsic scatterance properties of polycrystalline and single crystal Nd:YAG materials are reported. Materials include undoped, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 4%, and 6% Nd doped polycrystalline YAG, and undoped and 1% Nd doped single crystal YAG. The motivation of this study is to determine the ideal material type, and doping percentage gain media for use in 0.946 mu m Nd: YAG lasers. In-plane bidirectional scatterance distribution function measurements are collected at multiple wavelengths from 0.405 mu m to 1.55 mu m for all samples. Scatterance data is fit to standard models and a total integrated scatter (TIS) for each sample at various wavelengths is determined. Using the TIS at multiple wavelengths, some conclusions on material quality and suitability are presented. A coated sphere anomalous diffraction (ADA) model is developed and applied to known sources of scatter in polycrystalline and single-crystal Nd: YAG. A Kubelka-Munk wavelength-dependant scatter coefficient model is developed using our ADA model. The model provides an accurate estimate of scatter at 0.946 mu m. A comparison of strengths and weaknesses of single-crystal and polycrystalline materials is presented. This comparison reveals a possible continuing problem with background scatter present in single-crystal YAG. C1 [Springer, Ryan M.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, EO & Special Mission Sensors Dept, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Springer, Ryan M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thomas, Michael E.; Joseph, Richard I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Thomas, Michael E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Joseph, Richard I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 20723 USA. RP Springer, RM (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, EO & Special Mission Sensors Dept, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM ryan.springer@navy.mil; michael.e.thomas@jhuapl.edu; rjoseph@jhu.edu FU Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA; U.S. Department of Defense, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Section 219 Naval Innovative Science and Engineering Workforce Development Program FX This work was supported in part by the Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA, and in part by the U.S. Department of Defense, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Section 219 Naval Innovative Science and Engineering Workforce Development Program. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 AR 1700408 DI 10.1109/JQE.2015.2442761 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CM8ZB UT WOS:000357992300001 ER PT J AU Tian, LG Dong, LT Phan, N Atluri, SN AF Tian, L-G. Dong, L-T. Phan, N. Atluri, S. N. TI Non-planar mixed-mode growth of initially straight-fronted surface cracks, in cylindrical bars under tension, torsion and bending, using the symmetric Galerkin boundary element method-finite element method alternating method SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack growth; round bar; SGBEM-FEM alternating method; stress intensity factor ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; ENERGY-RELEASE RATES; FATIGUED ROUND BARS; ANALYSES SGBEM-FEM; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; SINGULAR TRACTION; CIRCULAR BAR; EDGE CRACK; EQUATION; INTEGRALS AB In this paper, the stress intensity factor (SIF) variations along an arbitrarily developing crack front, the non-planar fatigue-crack growth patterns, and the fatigue life of a round bar with an initially straight-fronted surface crack, are studied by employing the 3D symmetric Galerkin boundary element method-finite element method (SGBEM-FEM) alternating method. Different loading cases, involving tension, bending and torsion of the bar, with different initial crack depths and different stress ratios in fatigue, are considered. By using the SGBEM-FEM alternating method, the SIF variations along the evolving crack front are computed; the fatigue growth rates and directions of the non-planar growths of the crack surface are predicted; the evolving fatigue-crack growth patterns are simulated, and thus, the fatigue life estimations of the cracked round bar are made. The accuracy and reliability of the SGBEM-FEM alternating method are verified by comparing the presently computed results to the empirical solutions of SIFs, as well as experimental data of fatigue crack growth, available in the open literature. It is shown that the current approach gives very accurate solutions of SIFs and simulations of fatigue crack growth during the entire crack propagation, with very little computational burden and human-labour cost. The characteristics of fatigue growth patterns of initially simple-shaped cracks in the cylindrical bar under different Modes I, III and mixed-mode types of loads are also discussed in detail. C1 [Tian, L-G.] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Tian, L-G.; Dong, L-T.; Atluri, S. N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Phan, N.] Naval Air Syst Command, Struct Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Dong, LT (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM dong.leiting@gmail.com RI TIAN, Longgang/M-5826-2013; Atluri, Satya/D-1386-2011; Dong, Leiting /D-7970-2013 OI TIAN, Longgang/0000-0003-4250-8083; Dong, Leiting /0000-0003-1460-1846 FU China Scholarship Council [201306260034]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB013800]; New Century Excellent Talents Project in China [NCET-12-0415]; ARL FX The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201306260034); National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program: 2011CB013800); and New Century Excellent Talents Project in China (NCET-12-0415). This work was supported at UCI by a collaborative research agreement with ARL. The encouragement of Messrs. Dy Le and Jarret Riddick is thankfully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-758X EI 1460-2695 J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 38 IS 8 BP 923 EP 935 DI 10.1111/ffe.12292 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CL9YP UT WOS:000357335400005 ER PT J AU Lader, P Fredriksson, DW Volent, Z DeCew, J Rosten, T Strand, IM AF Lader, Pal Fredriksson, David W. Volent, Zsolt DeCew, Jud Rosten, Trond Strand, Ida M. TI Drag Forces on, and Deformation of, Closed Flexible Bags SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FILLED MEMBRANE; WAVES AB The use of closed flexible bags is among the suggestions considered as a potential way to expand the salmon production in Norway. Few ocean structures exist with large, heavily compliant submerged components, and there is presently limited existing knowledge about how aquaculture systems with flexible closed cages will respond to external sea loads. The flexibility and deformation of the bag are coupled to the hydrodynamic forces, and the forces and deformation will be dependent on the filling level of the bag. In order to get a better understanding of the drag forces on, and deformation of, such bags, experiments were conducted with a series of closed flexible bags. The bags were towed in a towing tank in order to simulate uniform current. Four different geometries were investigated, cylindrical, cubical, conical, and pyramidal, and the filling levels were varied between 70% and 120%. The main findings from the experiments were that the drag force was highly dependent on the filling level, and that the drag force increases with decreasing filling level. Comparing the drag force on a deflated bag with an inflated one showed an increase of up to 2.5 times. C1 [Lader, Pal; Volent, Zsolt; Rosten, Trond] SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. [Fredriksson, David W.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [DeCew, Jud] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Strand, Ida M.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Technol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Lader, P (reprint author), SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. EM pal.lader@sintef.no; fredriks@usna.edu; zsolt.volent@sintef.no; jdecew@gmail.com; trond.rosten@sintef.no; ida.strand@ntnu.no FU Norwegian Research Council's 'Havbruk' programme [216127] FX Funding was provided by the Norwegian Research Council's 'Havbruk' programme to the project External Sea Loads and Internal Hydraulics of Closed Flexible Cages (CFC) (Grant No. 216127). The authors would like to thank the professional and technical staff at the U.S. Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory for their support. The work conducted by the United States Naval Academy was done as subcontractor for SINTEF. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 EI 1528-896X J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2015 VL 137 IS 4 AR 041202 DI 10.1115/1.4030629 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CM3SL UT WOS:000357604300002 ER PT J AU Greer, JA Xu, RY Propert, KJ Arya, LA AF Greer, Joy A. Xu, Rengyi Propert, Kathleen J. Arya, Lily A. TI Urinary incontinence and disability in community-dwelling women: A cross-sectional study SO NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; disability; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; urinary incontinence; women ID PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS; RISK-FACTORS; US WOMEN; COMORBIDITY; MORBIDITY; FRAILTY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; PROLAPSE AB AimsDisability, an individual's reduced capacity to perform physical tasks encountered in daily routine, is associated with urinary incontinence in the elderly. Our objective was to determine if urinary incontinence is associated with disability in community-dwelling women 40 years and older. MethodsCross-sectional study among US women 40 years (n=4,458) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010. We estimated the age-stratified weighted prevalence and factors independently associated with disability (Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), mobility, and functional limitations) in women with and without urinary incontinence while controlling for confounders of the association between disability and urinary incontinence. ResultsThe weighted prevalence of all disabilities was higher in women with urinary incontinence than women without urinary incontinence across most decades of life with the greatest difference in the prevalence of mobility disabilities: 40-49 years (12.1% vs. 7.0%), 50-59 years (17.0% vs. 9.2%), 60-69 years (28.3% vs. 19.8%), and 70+ years (43.8% vs. 33.0%, all P<0.05). On multivariable analysis, after controlling for the confounding effect of age, co-morbidities, and income-poverty ratio, urinary incontinence was weakly associated with disabilities. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of disabilities for urinary incontinence was ADL 1.96 (1.07, 3.58), IADL 1.18 (0.78, 1.78), mobility 1.26 (1.01, 1.56), and functional limitations 1.36 (1.07, 1.73). ConclusionsUrinary incontinence is weakly associated with disabilities and cannot be implicated as a cause of disability in community dwelling women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:539-543, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Greer, Joy A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Urogynecol, Womens Hlth Dept, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Greer, Joy A.; Arya, Lily A.] Univ Penn, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Urogynecol, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Xu, Rengyi; Propert, Kathleen J.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Biostatist, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Greer, JA (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Urogynecol, Womens Hlth Dept, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM joy.greer@med.navy.mil FU National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [UL1TR000003]; National Institutes of Health FX Grant sponsor: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); Grant number: UL1TR000003; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-2467 EI 1520-6777 J9 NEUROUROL URODYNAM JI Neurourol. Urodyn. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 6 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1002/nau.22615 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA CM3UF UT WOS:000357609500008 PM 24752925 ER PT J AU Vandermeulen, RA Arnone, R Ladner, S Martinolich, P AF Vandermeulen, Ryan A. Arnone, Robert Ladner, Sherwin Martinolich, Paul TI Enhanced satellite remote sensing of coastal waters using spatially improved bio-optical products from SNPP-VIIRS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Satellite remote sensing; Ocean color; VIIRS; Band sharpening; High resolution; Bio-optics; Coastal waters; Water leaving radiance; Validation ID OCEAN COLOR; LEAVING RADIANCE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; LAKE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CYANOBACTERIA; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM; IMAGERY; INLAND AB The spatial dynamics of coastal and inland regions are highly variable and monitoring these waters with ocean color remote sensors requires increased spatial resolution capabilities. A procedure for the spatial enhancement of ocean color products, including chlorophyll and inherent optical properties (IOPs), is developed using a sharpened visible water-leaving radiance spectrum for the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS). A new approach for spectral sharpening is developed by utilizing the spatial covariance of the spectral bands for sharpening the M bands (412, 443,486, 551, 671 nm; 750-m resolution) with the I-1 band (645 nm; 375-m resolution). The spectral shape remains consistent by the use of a dynamic, wavelength-specific spatial resolution ratio that is weighted as a function of the relationship between proximate I- and M-band variance at each pixel. A comparison of bio-optical satellite products at 375-m and 750-m spatial resolution with in situ measurements of water leaving radiance and bio-optical properties show an improved capability of the VIIRS 375-m products in turbid and optically complex waters, such as the Chesapeake Bay and Mississippi River Plume. We demonstrate that the increased spatial resolution improves the ability for VIIRS to characterize bio-optical properties in coastal waters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vandermeulen, Ryan A.; Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ladner, Sherwin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Martinolich, Paul] Vencore Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Vandermeulen, RA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Ryan.Vandermeulen@usm.edu FU NOAA - JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Cal/Val Project [NA11OAR4320199]; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-09-2-C903] FX We thank Rick Gould and Wesley Goode (Naval Research Laboratory) for the RN Ocean Color field experiment data; Antonio Manino (NASA), Michael Ondrusek (NOAA/STAR), and Zhongping Lee (U. Mass) for the field data collected from the GEO-CAPE and Chesapeake Bay cruises; Glenn Zapfe (NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service) for the chlorophyll field data; and Bruce Monger (Cornell U.) for IDL support. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers who provided very helpful comments. Financial support from the NOAA - JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Cal/Val Project (Award Number NA11OAR4320199) to the Northern Gulf Institute as well as the Naval Research Laboratory (BAA Award Number N00173-09-2-C903) to the University of Southern Mississippi is greatly appreciated. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 165 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.04.026 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM2XK UT WOS:000357545400005 ER PT J AU Ita, EE Soo, C AF Ita, Eyo Eyo, III Soo, Chopin TI Exact solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and the Yamabe construction SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Wheeler-DeWitt; Quantization; Yamabe; Schwartz AB Exact solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation of the full theory of four dimensional gravity of Lorentzian signature are obtained. They are characterized by Schrodinger wavefunctionals having support on 3-metrics of constant spatial scalar curvature, and thus contain two full physical field degrees of freedom in accordance with the Yamabe construction. These solutions are moreover Gaussians of minimum uncertainty and they are naturally associated with a rigged Hilbert space. In addition, in the limit the regulator is removed, exact 3-dimensional diffeomorphism and local gauge invariance of the solutions are recovered. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ita, Eyo Eyo, III] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Soo, Chopin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Ita, EE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ita@usna.edu; cpsoo@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU Office of Naval Research [N-000-1414-WX-20789]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC101-2112-M-006-007-MY3]; National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taiwan; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (Government of Canada through Industry Canada); Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation) FX The authors are grateful to Chou Ching-Yi for her analysis, checking and contributions to some of the various versions of the draft during certain stages of its development. She has made some notable contributions leading to the final form of the document. This work has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N-000-1414-WX-20789, and in part by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation); and also supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant No. NSC101-2112-M-006-007-MY3, and the National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taiwan. And finally but not least of all, the authors would like to thank Lee Smolin for doing a critical read of the manuscript, along with his helpful suggestions and insights. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 359 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2015.04.016 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK9MK UT WOS:000356564000008 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JR Smith, DM Hazelton, BJ Grefenstette, BW Kelley, NA Lowell, AW Schaal, MM Rassoul, HK AF Dwyer, Joseph R. Smith, David M. Hazelton, Bryna J. Grefenstette, Brian W. Kelley, Nicole A. Lowell, Alexander W. Schaal, Meagan M. Rassoul, Hamid K. TI Positron clouds within thunderstorms SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; RUNAWAY ELECTRON AVALANCHE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; FEEDBACK MECHANISM; X-RAYS; DISCHARGES; BREAKDOWN; AIR; RADIATION; EMISSION AB We report the observation of two isolated clouds of positrons inside an active thunderstorm. These observations were made by the Airborne Detector for Energetic Lightning Emissions (ADELE), an array of six gamma-ray detectors, which flew on a Gulfstream V jet aircraft through the top of an active thunderstorm in August 2009. ADELE recorded two 511 keV gamma-ray count rate enhancements, 35 s apart, each lasting approximately 0.2 s. The enhancements, which were approximately a factor of 12 above background, were both accompanied by electrical activity as measured by a flat-plate antenna on the underside of the aircraft. The energy spectra were consistent with a source mostly composed of positron annihilation gamma rays, with a prominent 511 keV line clearly visible in the data. Model fits to the data suggest that the aircraft was briefly immersed in clouds of positrons, more than a kilometre across. It is not clear how the positron clouds were created within the thunderstorm, but it is possible they were caused by the presence of the aircraft in the electrified environment. C1 [Dwyer, Joseph R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dwyer, Joseph R.] Univ New Hampshire, Space Sci Ctr EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Smith, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Smith, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hazelton, Bryna J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grefenstette, Brian W.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kelley, Nicole A.; Lowell, Alexander W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schaal, Meagan M.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rassoul, Hamid K.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Dwyer, JR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Joseph.Dwyer@unh.edu OI Rassoul, Hamid Kyan Sam/0000-0003-0681-7276 FU NSF [AGS 1519236, 1160226, 0619941, 0846609]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y] FX This work was supported in part by NSF awards AGS 1519236, 1160226, 0619941 and 0846609 and NASA award DPR S-15633-Y. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3778 EI 1469-7807 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 AR 475810405 DI 10.1017/S0022377815000549 PN 4 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CK7TO UT WOS:000356436400018 ER PT J AU Chang, YC Chu, PC Tseng, RS AF Chang, Yu-Chia Chu, Peter C. Tseng, Ruo-Shan TI Site selection of ocean current power generation from drifter measurements SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE SVP drifter; Ocean current; Power generation; The East Asia; Kuroshio ID SURFACE; WATER; SEA AB Site selection of ocean current power generation is usually based on numerical ocean calculation models. In this study however, the selection near the coast of East Asia is optimally from the Surface Velocity Program (SVP) data using the bin average method. Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Philippines have suitable sites for the development of ocean current power generation. In these regions, the average current speeds reach 1.4,1.2,1.1, and 1.0 ms(-1) respectively. Vietnam has a better bottom topography to develop the current power generation. Taiwan and Philippines also have good conditions to build plants for generating ocean current power. Combined with the four factors of site selection (near coast, shallow seabed, stable flow velocity, and high flow speed), the waters near Vietnam is most suitable for the development of current power generation. Twelve suitable sites, located near coastlines of Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and Philippines, are identified for ocean current power generation. After the Kuroshio power plant being successfully operated in Taiwan, more current power plants can be built in these waters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Yu-Chia] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol & Resources, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Chu, Peter C.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Tseng, Ruo-Shan] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. RP Chang, YC (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol & Resources, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM ycchang@staff.nsysu.edu.tw FU Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Republic of China [MOST 102-2611-M-110-010-MY3]; Naval Oceanographic Office FX This research was completed with Grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Republic of China (MOST 102-2611-M-110-010-MY3). Peter C. Chu was supported by the Naval Oceanographic Office. We are grateful for the comments of anonymous reviewers. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 80 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.003 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA CH0SI UT WOS:000353732300074 ER PT J AU Celis-Salazar, P Zea, H Luhrs, C Phillips, J Ramirez, J AF Celis-Salazar, Paula Zea, Hugo Luhrs, Claudia Phillips, Jonathan Ramirez, Jose TI Iron on Carbon Catalaysts for the Photocatalytic Degradation Orange II SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED OXIDATION TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED METAL-CATALYSTS; PLASMA TORCH; AZO-DYE; WASTE-WATER; DECOLORIZATION; OXIDATION; SYSTEM; GENERATION; PARTICLES; PEROXIDE AB Orange II decomposition was studied on a variety of iron/carbon supported catalysts and control studies of the supports alone (carbon), and iron/alumina (non-active support). Variables tested included the impact of UV radiation, inclusion of hydrogen peroxide, catalyst treatment methods (oven treated and plasma torch treated) and type of the support. Results obtained for Orange II degradation indicated that active sites on carbon are more active for the catalytic decomposition of Orange II molecules, than metal sites. Oven-treated iron catalysts showed higher OII removal than catalysts prepared by plasma torch due to the fact that iron blocks carbon catalytic sites. XRD experiment on the non-active support allowed concluding that the oxidation state of Fe on the catalyst is not the main factor in the photocatalytic degradation of Orange II. C1 [Celis-Salazar, Paula; Zea, Hugo; Ramirez, Jose] Univ Nacl Colombia, Chem & Environm Engn Dept, Bogota, Colombia. [Luhrs, Claudia] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ramirez, J (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Chem & Environm Engn Dept, Bogota, Colombia. EM jhramirezfra@unal.edu.co NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SYCAMORE GLOBAL PUBLICATIONS LLC PI TERRE HAUTE PA 6815 E MANOR DR, TERRE HAUTE, IN 47802 USA SN 1203-8407 J9 J ADV OXID TECHNOL JI J. Adv. Oxid. Technol. PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 18 IS 2 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CO7RF UT WOS:000359358200016 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, R Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H S'anchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, JH Chen, X Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Codrington, MJM Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, S Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Hague, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, HZ Huang, X Huang, B Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jiang, K Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, R Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, X Li, X Li, W Li, ZM Li, Y Li, C Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, L Ma, R Ma, GL Ma, YG Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, DL Page, BS Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, MK Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Smirnov, D Solanki, D Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, BJ Sun, Y Sun, Z Sun, XM Sun, X Surrow, B Svirida, DN Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, AN Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, Y Wang, F Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, G Wang, Y Webb, JC Webb, G Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, Z Xu, QH Xu, N Xu, H Xu, YF Yang, Y Yang, C Yang, S Yang, Q Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, XP Zhang, S Zhang, J Zhang, Z Zhang, Y Zhang, JL Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, R. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, S. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Hague, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huang, B. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, R. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, X. Li, X. Li, W. Li, Z. M. Li, Y. Li, C. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, L. Ma, R. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Page, B. S. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, M. K. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Smirnov, D. Solanki, D. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. J. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, X. M. Sun, X. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. N. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Webb, J. C. Webb, G. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, Z. Xu, Q. H. Xu, N. Xu, H. Xu, Y. F. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Yang, S. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Long-range pseudorapidity dihadron correlations in d plus Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; P-PB COLLISIONS; ANGULAR-CORRELATIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=5.02 TEV; COLLECTIVE FLOW; PPB COLLISIONS; STAR; COLLABORATION AB Dihadron angular correlations in d + Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV are reported as a function of the measured zero-degree calorimeter neutral energy and the forward charged hadron multiplicity in the Au-beam direction. A finite correlated yield is observed at large relative pseudorapidity (Delta eta) on the near side (i.e. relative azimuth Delta phi similar to 0). This correlated yield as a function of Delta eta appears to scale with the dominant, primarily jet-related, away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) yield. The Fourier coefficients of the Delta phi correlation, V-n = < cosn Delta phi >, have a strong Delta eta dependence. In addition, it is found that V-1 is approximately inversely proportional to the mid-rapidity event multiplicity, while V-2 is independent of it with similar magnitude in the forward (d-going) and backward (Au-going) directions. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Takahashi, J.] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13131 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Feng; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, R.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Hague, R.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, L.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamad, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, R.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pawlak, T.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Sandacz, A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A. N.] World Lab Cosmol & Particle Phys WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Krueger, K.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.; Spinka, H. M.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Yi, L (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM l.yi@yale.edu RI Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017 OI Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of NP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; Office of HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747