FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ross, EV AF Ross, EV TI Extended theory of selective photothermolysis: A new recipe for hair cooking.? SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOLLICULAR STEM-CELLS; DERMAL PAPILLA CELLS; RUBY-LASER; ALEXANDRITE LASER; REMOVAL; FOLLICLES; GROWTH; DISTINCT; INVITRO; PULSES C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM evross@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 413 EP 415 DI 10.1002/lsm.1135 PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 504DY UT WOS:000172843100003 PM 11891729 ER PT J AU Babkoff, H Kelly, TL Naitoh, P AF Babkoff, H Kelly, TL Naitoh, P TI Trial-to-trial variance in choice reaction time as a measure of the effect of stimulants during sleep deprivation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; PEMOLINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; RHYTHM; TASK; WORK AB Performance stability, as assessed by trial-to-trial variance in a choice reaction time (RT) task, was evaluated as a measure of stimulant effects on performance during sleep deprivation. Administration of methylphenidate, pemoline, and a placebo began 16 hr into a 64-hr sleep-deprivation protocol. Performance stability deteriorated significantly, especially during the circadian nadirs. In absolute terms, sleep deprivation increased trial-to-trial variance more than it increased the mean correct RT. In addition, this measure demonstrated differing effects of the 2 drug regimens. Pemoline, at a dose of 37.5 mg every 12 hr, significantly reduced the overall average effects of sleep loss on performance stability during the first 24 hr of drug administration. Pemoline also reduced circadian-related instability in performance throughout the study. Methylphenidate, at a dose of 10 mg every 6 hr, counteracted circadian-related instability in performance during the first 24-hr period of drug administration (16-40 hr of sleep deprivation) but not during the second 24-hr period (40-64 hr of sleep deprivation). Methylphenidate did not significantly affect the overall average effects of sleep loss on performance stability. Thus, trial-to-trial variance appears to be a valuable measure for elucidating stimulant effects during sleep deprivation. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, Ramat Gan, Israel. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Babkoff, H (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, Ramat Gan, Israel. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1301_01 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 425KK UT WOS:000168289600001 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL AF Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL TI The epidemiology of mental disorders in the US Navy: The psychoses SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOPHRENIA AB As the first in a series of studies examining the military course and outcome of hospitalization for a mental disorder, we provide a comprehensive overview of psychoses among active duty Navy enlisted personnel with a first hospitalization between 1980 and 1988. Patients' military service and medical histories were tracked through 1992 to provide at least 4 years of follow-up data. Incidence rates varied greatly over time and across gender, age, race, and diagnostic groups. A large increase in the rate of affective psychosis for women was in sharp contrast to marked declines in rates for drug psychoses, schizophrenia, and other nonorganic psychoses and to the relatively stable rates for alcohol psychoses and paranoid states. Psychoses had a very significant negative impact on naval careers. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1302_03 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 440MM UT WOS:000169179100003 ER PT J AU Shchagin, AV Khizhnyak, NA Fiorito, RB Rule, DW Artru, X AF Shchagin, AV Khizhnyak, NA Fiorito, RB Rule, DW Artru, X TI Parametric X-ray radiation for calibration of X-ray space telescopes and generation of several X-ray beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Radiation from Relativistic Electrons in Periodic Structures CY AUG, 1999 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA DE parametric X-ray radiation (PXR); X-ray beam; calibration; X-ray space telescope ID CRYSTALS AB The setup based on a moderate energy linear accelerator (linac) is proposed to provide users with a tunable, quasimonochromatic, linearly polarized X-ray beam. The effect of parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) from relativistic electrons in a crystal is used in an X-ray source. The application of the setup for calibration of X-ray space telescopes and other equipment is considered. The setup allows calibration of angular, spectral, polarization parameters of telescopes with smooth tuning of X-ray energy from several keV to hundreds of keV. Estimates of X-ray flux intensities and spectral line widths on the telescope aperture at a distance of several hundred meters are presented. Besides, the PXR-based facility for simultaneous generation of several X-ray beams is proposed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Shchagin, AV (reprint author), Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Alcademicheskaya Str 1, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. OI Shchagin, Alexander/0000-0002-0659-8619 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2001 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00059-8 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 388NJ UT WOS:000166186900023 ER PT B AU Jensen, G AF Jensen, G GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) - "A coastal ocean observatory" SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) is a coastal ocean observatory combining government, commercial, and academic resources, intellectual talents, and modern facilities to create a new global-interest center where high fidelity and cost effective experiments and studies can be conducted. The combined SFOMC In-water and shore facilities located In southern Florida provide a fully Integrated observatory to archive measurements, provide ground truth to validate hydrographic survey systems, intercompare in situ data with emerging oceanographic instruments, and to disseminate environmental information supporting maritime operations. Specific accomplishments at SFOMC include Installation of innovative environmental arrays and data analyses, a 4-dimensional current experiment, AUV operations and mine hunting experiments, adverse weather experiments, studies of fluctuations, coherence, and predictability of long range shallow water acoustic propagation, bio/geological inventories, and assessments, and rehearsals for Fleet Battle Experiments. The implementation of SFOMC as a Government-University laboratory to observe littoral processes has been successful. SFOMC is being sustained through ongoing operations and experiments with established sponsorship from ONR, NSF, NOPP, NAVSEA, and DARPA as well as state and local government. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Jensen, G (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1163 EP 1170 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800183 ER PT B AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of galfenol alloys under large compressive stresses SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE magnetostriction; galfenol; iron-gallium alloys ID FE-GA AB Fe-Ga alloys, in which the alpha-Fe structure is maintained, are rich sources of high strength, low cost magnetostrictive alloys for transducer and vibration reduction applications. Although the magnetostriction of Fe itself is very low, when a relatively small fraction of the Fe atoms are replaced by Ga, the magnetostriction, (3/2)lambda(100), increases greatly. Until recently, the highest magnetostriction was found with the replacement of Fe by Al (Alfenol). In this paper, we present our measurements of magnetostriction on Fe1-xGax, 0.13 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.23, (Galfenol). With the substitution of 19% Ga for Fe in Fe1-xGax, a 12-fold increase in magnetostriction to similar to400 ppm occurs, even though Ga is non-magnetic. In these alloys, the saturation magnetizations remains high, M-s congruent to 1.7 T, and the Curie temperatures are far above room temperature, T-c congruent to 700 C. In most alloys studied, the magnetostrictions and magnetizations are fully saturated in fields less than 300 Oe, even under compressive stresses >100 MPa. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1711 EP 1714 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600432 ER PT S AU Lee, RRY Verdi, JS Soumekh, M AF Lee, RRY Verdi, JS Soumekh, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Enhancements of NP-3UHF image quality using digital spotlighting technique SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper is concerned with signal processing issues that are associated with FOLiage PENetrating (FOPEN) Navy NP-3 ultra wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar. The digital signal processors that were developed for the NP-3 data commonly use a radar beamwidth angle that was limited to 35 degrees [1], [2]. Provided that the NP-3 radar beamwidth angle was 35 degrees, the NP-3 SAR system would approximately yield alias-free data in the slow-time Doppler domain. In this paper, we show that the NP-3 data possess a 50-degree beamwidth angle within the entire [215,730] MHz band of the NP-3 radar that is imposed by the radar (radial) range swath gate. The 50-degree beamwidth of the NP-3 system results in slow-time Doppler aliasing within the frequency band of [444,730] MHz. We outline a slow-time processing of the NP-3 data, that we refer to as digital spotlighting and PRF upsampling, to minimize the Doppler aliasing. The digital spotlighting is also used for in-scene target calibration. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, RRY (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922941 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200001 ER PT S AU Perez, I Cui, HL Udd, E AF Perez, I Cui, HL Udd, E BE Udd, E Inaudi, D TI Acoustic emission detection using fiber Bragg gratings SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: SENSORY PHENOMENA AND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION FOR SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab DE acoustic emission detection; fiber Bragg gratings sensors AB A systematic study of acoustic emission detection using fiber Bragg grating sensors is presented. In this, we attempt to use the fiber Bragg grating to sense the dynamic strain created by a passing ultrasonic wave signal. Our goal is to see if such a sensor is possible, and if so, what the detection sensitivity and limitations will be. To answer these questions, we carried out several experiments involving the detection of simulated acoustic emission events. In the first experiment, we attach a fiber Bragg grating to the surface of a piezoceramic resonator, which is driven by a signal generator. We were able to detect the resulting surface vibration of the resonator up to 2.1 MHz. In the second experiment, we attach a fiber Bragg grating to the surface of an aluminum plate. We excite an acoustic wave using an ultrasonic transducer located at various positions of the aluminum plate. In this way, we demonstrated that the fiber Bragg Grating sensor is capable of picking up the signal coming from a distance (up to 30 cm) for up to 2.5 MHz. In a third experiment, we use the same fiber Bragg grating on aluminum plate set up, but set up an acoustic signal by either a gentle knock on the plate by a pin, or by breaking a pencil lead on the plate. We were able to detect acoustic emission set up by pencil lead breaking up to a frequency of 30 kHz. Higher frequency components were not detected mainly due to the limitation of available electronic equipment at this time (higher frequency band-pass filters and amplifiers). In all the above-mentioned experiments we use a match Bragg grating to demodulate the detected optical signal and use a dual channel scheme for electronic data acquisition and processing (a signal channel and a reference channel). C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4014-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4328 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1117/12.435542 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33W UT WOS:000172674900024 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF DeSandre, LF Bifano, T Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Nee, SMF DeSandre, LF Bifano, T Johnson, LF Moran, MB BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Optical characterization of MEMS deformable mirror array structures SO SURFACE SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION FOR ADVANCED METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Scattering and Diffraction for Advanced Metrology CY AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE diffraction; scattering; MEMS; mirror array; adaptive optics; surface profiles ID POLARIZATION; SCATTERING AB Surface properties and optical properties of several deformable mirror arrays (DMA) without actuators were characterized. The mirror arrays are micro-electronic-mechanical system (MEMS) devices which were fabricated by Boston University for wavefront correction in adaptive optics. The surface properties measured for the samples agree with the properties specified for the BU-MEMS-DMA structures. Scattering and diffraction by the mirror arrays were measured at a wavelength of 632.8 rim. The DMA with the etching pattern generates a diffraction pattern full of special structures. The broadening is serious for a rough sample while it is negligible for a smooth continuous membrane DMA. The diffraction pattern demonstrates that the DMA with an rms roughness of 300 nm is not suitable for the adaptive optics to correct for; wavefront error. The continuous membrane DMA with roughness less than 10 nm are useful for adaptive optics. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Bifano, Thomas/E-6412-2013 OI Bifano, Thomas/0000-0003-4952-2515 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4161-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4447 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.446720 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BT41R UT WOS:000172924500008 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Pershyn-Kisor, MA Honner, WK Smith, TC Reed, RJ Gray, GC AF Ryan, MAK Pershyn-Kisor, MA Honner, WK Smith, TC Reed, RJ Gray, GC TI The Department of Defense Birth Defects Registry: Overview of a new surveillance system SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; VIETNAM VETERANS; RISK; INFANTS; SERVICE; WOMEN; BORN AB Background: The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is challenged with monitoring and protecting the health and wellbeing of its service members. The growing number of women on active duty and the diverse hazardous exposures associated with military service make reproductive health issues a special concern of DoD. To address this concern, the DoD Birth Defects Registry was established at the DoD Center for Deployment Health Research located at the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. Methods: The registry captures comprehensive data on healthcare utilization to calculate the prevalence of birth defects in the children of military beneficiaries. Population-based electronic surveillance is supplemented by active case validation efforts. Results: Since its establishment in 1998, the registry has captured data on more than 90,000 births that occur in military families each year, Detailed analyses, to include linking registry data with military occupational exposure data (e.g., anthrax vaccination), are underway. Conclusions: The DoD Birth Defects Registry provides important reproductive health information on the geographically dispersed military population. This program is expected to complement civilian public health programs and be especially valuable to military members and their families. Teratology 64:S26-S29, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Birth Defects Registry,Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Birth Defects Registry,Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PY 2001 VL 64 SU 1 BP S26 EP S29 DI 10.1002/tera.1081 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 490GJ UT WOS:000172041800006 PM 11745841 ER PT S AU McClure, DR Cayse, R Black, D Goodrich, S Lagerlof, P Harris, DC McCullum, D Platus, DH Patty, CE Polvani, R AF McClure, DR Cayse, R Black, D Goodrich, S Lagerlof, P Harris, DC McCullum, D Platus, DH Patty, CE Polvani, R BE Tustison, RW TI Sapphire statistical characterization and risk reduction program SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; nondestructive evaluation ID GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS AB The Sapphire Statistical Characterization and Risk Reduction Program tested 1400 4-point flexure bars with different crystal orientations at different temperatures to establish a mechanical strength database for engineering design. Sapphire coupons were selected to represent surfaces on two different missile windows and a missile dome. Sapphire was obtained from the same suppliers used for the windows or dome and, as much as possible, coupons were fabricated in the same manner as the corresponding part of the window or dome. For one missile window, sapphire from one fabricator was 50% stronger than sapphire made to the same specifications from the same blanks by another fabricator. In laser thermal shock tests, sapphire performed better than predicted from flexure tests. Of several nondestructive methods evaluated for their ability to identify mechanically weak specimens, only x-ray topography was correlated with strength for a limited set of specimens. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.439184 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200003 ER PT S AU Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Johnson, LF Moran, MB BE Tustison, RW TI Infrared transparent conductive oxides SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A novel class of complex metal oxides that have potential as transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding on IR-seeker windows and missile domes has been identified. These complex metal oxides exhibit the rhombohedral (R3m) crystalline structure of naturally occurring delafossite, CuFeO2. The general chemical formula is ABO(2) where A is a monovalent metal (Me+1) such as Cu, Ag, Au, Pt or Pd, and B is a trivalent metal (Me 3) such as Al, Ti, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni, Cs, Rh, Ga, Sri, In, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm or Eu. By adjusting the oxygen content, the conductivity can be varied over a wide range so that the delafossites behave as insulators, semiconductors or metals. This paper presents results for films of p-type CuxAlyOz, and n-type Cu,CuxCryOz. deposited by reactive magnetron co-sputtering from high-purity-metal targets. Films have been deposited using conventional RF- and DC-power supplies, and a new asymmetric-bipolar-pulsed-DC-power supply. Similar to the high-temperature-copper-oxide superconductors, the presence of Cu-O bonds is critical for the unique properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) are used to understand the relationship between the optoelectronic properties and the molecular structure of the films. For example, FTIR absorption bands at 1470 and 1395cm(-1) are present only in CuxAlyOz films that exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity. When these bands are absent, the CuxAlyOz films have high values of resistivity. In addition to the 1470 and 1395cm-1 bands observed in CuxAlyOz films, another pair of bands at 1040 and 970cm(-1) is present in CuxCryOz films. C1 USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Johnson, LF (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1117/12.439187 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200031 ER PT S AU Moran, MB Johnson, LF AF Moran, MB Johnson, LF BE Tustison, RW TI Aluminum nitride coatings by reactive pulsed dc magnetron sputtering SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Aluminum nitride (AlN) has the potential to meet the requirements of hypersonic-seeker windows that operate in the visible to mid-wave infrared and rf frequencies. With dielectric properties and thermal-shock resistance similar to those of hot-isostatic-pressed silicon nitride, but with a thermal conductivity eight times higher, AIN is a primary candidate for high-power-microwave windows and for high-speed radomes. The true potential of AIN has yet to be demonstrated because single crystals of AIN with purities high enough to be considered intrinsic have never been fabricated, Carbon and oxygen are the two most significant impurities and are the most difficult to eliminate. Impurities and voids present in AIN fabricated from nanocrystalline powders degrade the thermal-mechanical properties and produce optical scatter that limits the useful wavelength range. A large amount of scatter could be removed by eliminating the carbon and oxygen impurities and by reducing the crystallite size in polycrystalline AIN to sub-micron and nanometer sizes. Oxygen incorporation has yet to be avoided using conventional powder processing techniques because the newly formed AIN powders react spontaneously with trace amounts of oxygen. Over the past 50 years, the solid-state-chemistry approach has been used by several research groups and has produced useful material for electronic heat-sink applications but never the high-optical-quality material needed for 2-mm-thick missile domes and windows. This suggests that research aimed at producing high-quality-microcrystalline-AlN coatings and freestanding films would be productive. This paper will present results for films of AIN deposited using reactive asymmetric-bipolar-pulsed-dc-magnetron sputtering. C1 USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Moran, MB (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM MoranMB@navair.navy.mil; JohnsonLF@navair.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.439188 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200032 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Smith, TC Hawksworth, AW Knoke, JD AF Gray, GC Smith, TC Hawksworth, AW Knoke, JD TI Re: "Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms: Does it identify a Gulf War syndrome?" - Four of the authors reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID US VETERANS; ILLNESS C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 12 BP 1205 EP 1206 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 382YD UT WOS:000165854200016 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Jiang, BH Ensign, WY Vogt, PK Han, JH AF Li, YQ Jiang, BH Ensign, WY Vogt, PK Han, JH TI Myogenic differentiation requires signalling through both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and p38 MAP kinase SO CELLULAR SIGNALLING LA English DT Article DE p38; PI3K; muscle differentiation ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; INDUCED ERYTHROID-DIFFERENTIATION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION; 3T3-L1 ADIPOGENESIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BINDING PROTEIN AB Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or of Akt induces myoblast differentiation. Activation of p38 MAP kinase also triggers myogenic differentiation. The current paper shows that PI 3-kinase and p38 MAP kinase signalling are activated by two separate pathways during myogenic differentiation; both are required for muscle differentiation. p38-induced myogenic differentiation can be inhibited by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 without affecting p38 activity. Similarly, a constitutively active form of Akt, myristylated c-Akt (Myr-Akt), induces myogenic differentiation that is inhibited by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. An analysis of the two forms of p38, p38 and p38 beta, shows that the activity of both is required for myogenic differentiation. These data suggest that PI 3-kinase and p38 signalling are essential and parallel pathways for myogenic differentiation. They may either affect different downstream targets required for myogenesis or they may converge on shared targets that require input from both signalling pathways. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. Ail lights reserved. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Han, JH (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, IMM-9,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Han, J/G-4671-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42564, CA78230]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41637] NR 53 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0898-6568 J9 CELL SIGNAL JI Cell. Signal. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 12 IS 11-12 BP 751 EP 757 DI 10.1016/S0898-6568(00)00120-0 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 386EZ UT WOS:000166048900007 PM 11152961 ER PT J AU Still, KR Briggs, GB Knechtges, P Alexander, WK Wilson, CL AF Still, KR Briggs, GB Knechtges, P Alexander, WK Wilson, CL TI Risk assessment in Navy deployment toxicology SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE deployment toxicology; risk assessment; risk management; master plan; strategies to protect deployed forces AB The risk assessment process is a critical function for deployment toxicology research. It is essential to the decision making process related to establishing risk reduction procedures and for formulating appropriate exposure levels to protect naval personnel from potentially hazardous chemicals in the military that could result in a reduction in readiness operations. These decisions must be based on quality data from well-planned laboratory animal studies that guide the judgements, which result in effective risk characterization and risk management. The process of risk assessment in, deployment toxicology essentially uses the same principles as civilian risk assessment, but adds activities essential to the military mission, including intended and unintended exposure to chemicals and chemical mixtures. Risk assessment and Navy deployment toxicology data are integrated into a systematic and well-planned approach to the organization of scientific information. The purpose of this paper is to outline the analytical framework used to develop strategies to protect the health of deployed Navy forces. C1 USN, Geocenters Inc, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NAMRU2, APO, AP 96520 USA. RP Briggs, GB (reprint author), USN, Geocenters Inc, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1136 DI 10.1080/10807030091124329 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392FF UT WOS:000166399800015 ER PT J AU Doud, CW Phillips, TW AF Doud, CW Phillips, TW TI Activity of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in and around flour mills SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indian meal moth; stored-products; fumigation; methyl bromide ID INDIAN MEAL MOTH; SEX PHEROMONE; ALMOND MOTH AB Studies were conducted at two hem mills where male Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), were captured using pheromone-baited traps. Objectives were to determine the distribution of male P. interpunctella at different locations in and around the mills throughout the season, and to monitor moth activity before and after one of the mills was fumigated with methyl bromide to assess efficacy of treatment. Commercially available sticky traps baited with the P. interpunctella sex pheromone were placed at various locations outside and within the larger of the two mills (mill I). Moths were captured inside mill 1 after methyl bromide fumigations. The highest numbers of P. interpunctella were caught outside the facility and at ground floor locations near outside openings. Additional traps placed in the rooms above the concrete stored-wheat silos at mill 1 during the second year captured more moths than did traps within the mill's production and warehouse areas. In another study, moths were trapped at various distances hem a smaller flour mill (mill 2) to determine the distribution of moths outdoors relative to the mill. There was a negative correlation between moth capture and distance from the facility, which suggested that moth activity was concentrated at or near the flour mill. The effectiveness of the methyl bromide fumigations in suppressing moth populations could not be assessed with certainty because moths captured after fumigation may have immigrated from outside through opened lending bay warehouse doors. This study documents high levels of P. interpunctella outdoors relative to those recorded inside a food processing facility. Potential for immigration of P. interpunctella into flour mills and other stored product facilities from other sources may be greater than previously recognized. Moth entry into a food processing facility after fumigation is a problem that should be addressed by pest managers. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Phillips, TW (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, POB 43, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 14 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1842 EP 1847 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 386FD UT WOS:000166049400040 PM 11142321 ER PT J AU Hourani, L Hilton, S AF Hourani, L Hilton, S TI Occupational and environmental exposure correlates of adverse live-birth outcomes among 1032 US navy women SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; PREVALENCE RATE RATIOS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; LEAD-EXPOSURE; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PRETERM DELIVERY; WEIGHT; RISK AB The integration of women into non-traditional military occupations raises questions concerning the impact of such jobs on women's reproductive health. This study examines the extent to which US Navy women in - their reproductive years report exposures to potential occupational and environmental hazards, and the degree to which such expos(res are associated with self-reported adverse live-birth outcomes. Data from a survey of pregnant Navy women provided both maternal and paternal exposure information on more than 1000 active-duty women. Self-reported exposures to heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum products, and other chemicals were associated with adverse live-bit-th outcomes at the bivariate level. Only a father's exposure to pesticides at work predicted an adverse live-birth outcome (preterm delivery) in multivariate models. Maternal occupational exposures nay exert their influence through maternal health and/or pregnancy complications and may act as mediators of health-reproductive outcome relationships. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, L (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1156 EP 1165 DI 10.1097/00043764-200012000-00006 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 383HC UT WOS:000165876200006 PM 11125678 ER PT J AU Uilk, J Bullock, S Johnston, E Myers, SA Merwin, L Wynne, KJ AF Uilk, J Bullock, S Johnston, E Myers, SA Merwin, L Wynne, KJ TI Surface science of elastomeric coatings prepared from alpha,omega-dihydroxypoly(dimethylsiloxane) and the ethoxysiloxane mixture "ES40" SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SILICATES; NETWORKS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); POLYETHYLENE; COPOLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; ADHESION; ENERGY; WATER; AFM AB Hybrid poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks have been prepared with the ethoxysiloxane mixture "ES40" that acts as a cross-linker and siliceous domain (SD) precursor through sol-gel chemistry. ES40, with an approximate formula (SiO(OEt)(2))(n),, is a mixture of oligo-ethoxysiloxanes that is much less volatile than tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and provides hybrid elastomeric coatings of reproducible composition. With SiOEt from ES40 and SiOH from HO(Me2SiO)(n)H, compositions with SiOEt/SiOH ratios from 5 to 35 (ES40-5x-ES40-35x) were prepared. Solid-state Si-29 NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the relative amounts of PDMS and SD in the hybrid elastomers. The relative amounts of Q(2), (=SiO)(2)Si(OH)(2); Q(3), (=SiO)(3)Si(OH); and Q(4), (=SiO)(4)Si, in the SD were estimated by deconvolution of the Si-29 NMR peaks. Both light microscopy and tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) show that PDMS-SD compositions "5x" and higher slowly develop "island-like" surface features while stored at ambient conditions. After I month cure, PDMS-SD surface features are less than or equal to1 mum, while after 6 months feature size is broadly distributed up to similar to 10 mum. In contrast, surface features developed quickly (24 h) with previously reported PDMS-FSD hybrids, where FSD is fluorinated siliceous domain, from (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)triethoxysilane. AFM experience demonstrates that PDMS-SD surface features are often poorly adherent and easily moved compared to the robust phase-separated surface structure of PDMS-FSD materials. Differing dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis protocols with water as the interrogating fluid show that water contamination affects force vs distance curve (fdc) data for PDMS-SD hybrids. Intrinsic wetting behavior for PDMS-SD hybrids is reproduced only with a protocol where clean water is used for each DCA cycle. The stability in water of PDMS-SD materials is strongly compositionally dependent. Over a period of 70 days, the ES40-14x composition showed the greatest resistance to mass loss with a mass loss rate of 0.08 wt %/month. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Sch Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Wynne, KJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Sch Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 14 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 23 BP 8791 EP 8801 DI 10.1021/ma000023y PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 374WG UT WOS:000165366900036 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF AF Nee, SMF TI Depolarization and retardation of a birefringent slab SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID INCOHERENT-REFLECTION MODEL; NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; POLARIZATION; POLARIMETRY AB Mueller matrices for normal transmission of light through a birefringent slab are formulated to analyze retardation and depolarization. A finite wave band, wedge slab, and microroughness may cause a spread in retardance, which in turn produces depolarization. The spectra of depolarization, cross-polarized transmittance, and retardance by rotating-analyzer ellipsometry are simulated for the quasi-monochromatic effect with a finite bandwidth. These spectra agree excellently with the measured spectra for a sapphire slab. The depolarization spectrum simulated for the wedge effect fits the measured spectrum in the long-wave region but is too small in the short-wave region. The depolarization simulated for incoherent multiple reflections demonstrates the oscillating structure, which is small compared with the measured depolarization. The finite bandwidth effect contributes more than the other effects to the measured depolarization of a sapphire slab. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(00)02110-4]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res,Phys Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res,Phys Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2067 EP 2073 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.17.002067 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 367NK UT WOS:000090068200020 PM 11059604 ER PT J AU Konoske, PJ Galarneau, MR Pang, G Emens-Hesslink, KE Gauker, ED Tropeano, A AF Konoske, PJ Galarneau, MR Pang, G Emens-Hesslink, KE Gauker, ED Tropeano, A TI Estimating supply requirements for forward medical treatment facilities SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Naval Health Research Center designed, developed, and used a systematic process to review Marine Corps medical supply requirements, This approach consisted of identifying the medical tasks required to treat patients with specific injuries and illnesses and determining the supplies and equipment required to perform each task, Subject matter experts reviewed treatment briefs, tasks, supplies, and equipment and examined their Value to Marine Corps medical providers in forward areas of care. By establishing the clinical requirement for each item pushed forward, the Naval Health Research Center model was able to reduce the logistical burden carried by Marine Corps units and enhance far-forward clinical capability. The result of this effort is a model to estimate supplies and equipment based on a given casualty stream distribution. This approach produces an audit trail for each item and allows current authorized medical allowance list configurations to be revised using information such as type of conflict anticipated, expected duration, and changes in medical doctrine. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Konoske, PJ (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 165 IS 11 BP 829 EP 834 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373GF UT WOS:000165279900009 PM 11143428 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Ensign, W Roberts, D AF Redelman, D Ensign, W Roberts, D TI Quantitative immunophenotype (QuIP) is characteristic of individuals SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra Cytometry & UNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 42 IS 5 MA 36 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 366DG UT WOS:000089989100044 ER PT J AU Jung, TP Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ AF Jung, TP Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ TI Removal of eye activity artifacts from visual event-related potentials in normal and clinical subjects SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artifact removal; electrooculographic; independent component analysis; single-trial event-related potentials; event-related potential ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SPATIAL ATTENTION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC RECORDINGS; BLIND SEPARATION; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; EEG; RESPONSES; AUTISM AB Objectives: Electrical potentials produced by blinks and eye movements present serious problems for electroencephalographic (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) data interpretation and analysis, particularly for analysis of data from some clinical populations. Often, all epochs contaminated by large eye artifacts are rejected as unusable, though this may prove unacceptable when blinks and eye movements occur frequently. Methods: Frontal channels are often used as reference signals to regress out eye artifacts, but inevitably portions of relevant EEG signals also appearing in EOG channels are thereby eliminated or mixed into other scalp channels. A generally applicable adaptive method for removing artifacts from EEG records based on blind source separation by independent component analysis (ICA) (Neural Computation 7 (1995) 1129; Neural Computation 10(8) (1998) 2103; Neural Computation 11(2) (1999) 606) overcomes these limitations. Results: Results on EEG data collected from 28 normal controls and 22 clinical subjects performing a visual selective attention task show that ICA can be used to effectively detect, separate and remove ocular artifacts from even strongly contaminated EEG recordings. The results compare favorably to those obtained using rejection or regression methods. Conclusions: The ICA method can preserve ERP contributions from all of the recorded trials and all the recorded data channels, even when none of the single trials are artifact-free. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Salk Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Childrens Hosp Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jung, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [1RO1-NS34155-01] NR 37 TC 553 Z9 566 U1 7 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1388-2457 J9 CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI Clin. Neurophysiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1745 EP 1758 DI 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00386-2 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 365KU UT WOS:000089951100005 PM 11018488 ER PT J AU Stout, PR Horn, CK Lesser, DR AF Stout, PR Horn, CK Lesser, DR TI Loss of THCCOOH from urine specimens stored in polypropylene and polyethylene containers at different temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOIDS; ADSORPTION; METABOLITE; ACID C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Stout, PR (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, POB 113,Bldg H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 7 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361AT UT WOS:000089700100015 PM 11043661 ER PT J AU Araneta, MRG Destiche, DA Schlangen, KM Merz, RD Forrester, MB Gray, GC AF Araneta, MRG Destiche, DA Schlangen, KM Merz, RD Forrester, MB Gray, GC TI Birth defects prevalence among infants of Persian Gulf War veterans born in Hawaii, 1989-1993 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; MATERNAL AGE; PATERNAL AGE; MALFORMATIONS; POPULATION; CHILDREN; BABIES AB Background: Gulf War veterans (GWVs) have expressed concern about possible teratogenic exposures. However, epidemiologic studies on birth defects prevalence among their progeny have been limited to military hospitals, anomalies diagnosed among newborns, or self-reported data. To measure the prevalence of selected birth defects among infants of GWVs and nondeployed veterans (NDVs) in Hawaii, using birth defects surveillance records. Methods: Personal identifiers of 684,645 GWVs and 1,587,102 NDVs and their families were matched against birth certificate records of 99,545 live births reported to the State of Hawaii Department of Health between 1989 and 1993 to identify births to military personnel. These births were matched with records from the Hawaii Birth Defects Program. Results: A total of 17,182 military infants (3,717 GWV infants and 13,465 NDV infants) were identified. Of these, 367 infants (2.14/100 live births) were identified with one or more of 48 major birth defects diagnoses. The prevalence of the 48 birth defects were similar for GWV and NDV infants during the prewar and postwar periods, and among GWV infants who were conceived before and after the Gulf war. Conclusions: The results must be interpreted with caution because of the small number of affected infants in each birth defects category. This study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring birth defects prevalence among military infants through multiple data linkage. Further, it included live births to parents who had separated from the military, births in civilian hospitals, and birth defects diagnosed through the first year of life. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Hawaii Birth Defects Program, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Araneta, MRG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1002/1096-9926(200010)62:4<195::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 362MV UT WOS:000089782500005 PM 10992261 ER PT J AU Palinkas, LA Gunderson, EKE Johnson, JC Holland, AW AF Palinkas, LA Gunderson, EKE Johnson, JC Holland, AW TI Behavior and performance on long-duration spaceflights: Evidence from analogue environments SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Factors in Space CY JUL 07-09, 1999 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Space Life Sci, Strateg Planning Working Grp, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan DE Antarctica; behavior and performance; extreme environments; manned spaceflight ID SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; ANTARCTICA; STRESS; DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE AB Background: Analyses of data collected in Antarctica since 1963 were conducted to identify features of behavior and performance likely to occur during long-duration missions in space. Methods: The influence of mission duration and station latitude on POMS mood scores was examined in 450 American men and women who wintered-over in Antarctica between 1991 and 1998. The influence of crewmember social characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and station environments on measures of behavior and performance at the end of the austral winter was examined in 657 American men who wintered-over between 1963 and 1974. Both data sets were used to examine the influence of crew social structure on individual performance. Results: Seasonal variations in mood appear to be associated with the altered diurnal cycle and psychological segmentation of the mission. Concurrent measures of personality, interpersonal needs, and coping styles are better predictors of depressed mood and peer-supervisor performance evaluations than baseline measures because of the unique features of the station social and physical environments and the absence of resources typically used to cope with stress elsewhere. individuals in crews with a clique structure report significantly more depression, anxiety, anger, fatigue and confusion than individuals in crews with a core-periphery structure. Depressed mood is inversely associated with severity of station physical environment, supporting the existence of a positive or "salutogenic" effect for individuals seeking challenging experiences in extreme environments. Conclusion: Behavior and performance on long-duration spaceflights is likely to be seasonal or cyclical, situational, social, and salutogenic. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Studies, Greenville, NC USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Palinkas, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 71 IS 9 SU S BP A29 EP A36 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 350VG UT WOS:000089121400007 PM 10993306 ER PT J AU Beck, TJ Ruff, CB Shaffer, RA Betsinger, K Trone, DW Brodine, SK AF Beck, TJ Ruff, CB Shaffer, RA Betsinger, K Trone, DW Brodine, SK TI Stress fracture in military recruits: Gender differences in muscle and bone susceptibility factors SO BONE LA English DT Article DE bone mass; bone geometry; bone strength; muscle strength; muscle size; stress fracture susceptibility; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); gender differences in bone strength ID POSTCRANIAL ROBUSTICITY; RISK-FACTORS; MASS; ABSORPTIOMETRY; INERTIA; MOMENT; HOMO AB A total of 693 female U.S. Marine Corps recruits were studied with anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the midthigh and distal third of the lower leg prior to a 12 week physical training program, In this group, 37 incident stress fracture cases were radiologically confirmed, Female data were compared with male data from an earlier study of 626 Marine recruits extended with additional cases for a total of 38 stress fracture cases. Using DXA data, hone structural geometry and cortical dimensions were derived at scan locations and muscle cross-sectional area was computed at the midthigh, Measurements were compared within gender between pooled fracture cases and controls after excluding subjects diagnosed with shin splints. In both genders, fracture cases were less physically fit, and had smaller thigh muscles compared with controls. After correction for height and weight, section moduli (Z) and bone strength indices (Z/bone length) of the femur and tibia were significantly smaller in fracture cases of both genders, but patterns differed, Female cases had thinner cortices and lower areal bone mineral density (BMD), whereas male cases had externally narrower bones but similar cortical thicknesses and areal BMDs compared with controls. In both genders, differences in fitness, muscle, and bone parameters suggest poor skeletal adaptation in fracture cases due to inadequate physical conditioning prior to training, To determine whether bent! and muscle strength parameters differed between genders, all data were pooled and adjusted for height and weight, In both the tibia and femur, men had significantly larger section moduli and bone strength indices than women, although women had higher tibia hut lower femur areal BMDs. Female bones, on average, were narrower and had thinner cortices (not significant in the femur, p = 0.07), Unlike the hone geometry differences, thigh muscle cross-sectional areas were virtually identical to those of the men, suggesting that the muscles of the women were not relatively weaker. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Beck, TJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Outpatient Ctr, Dept Radiol, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 27 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD SEP PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00342-2 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 354DE UT WOS:000089313900017 PM 10962357 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Goswami, PR Malasig, MD Hawksworth, AW Trump, DH Ryan, MA Schnurr, DP AF Gray, GC Goswami, PR Malasig, MD Hawksworth, AW Trump, DH Ryan, MA Schnurr, DP CA Adenovirus Surveillance Grp TI Adult adenovirus infections: Loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID US-ARMY TRAINEES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME TYPES; LIVE TYPE-7; OUTBREAK; RECRUITS; BIOTERRORISM; JAPAN; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION AB Adenovirus vaccines have greatly reduced military respiratory disease morbidity since the 1970s, However, in 1995, for economic reasons, the sole manufacturer of these vaccines ceased production. A population-based adenovirus surveillance was established among trainees with acute respiratory illness at 4 US military training centers as the last stores of vaccines were depleted. From October 1996 to June 1998, 1814 (53.1%) of 3413 throat cultures for symptomatic trainees (78% men) yielded adenovirus. Adenovirus types 4, 7, 3, and 21 accounted for 57%, 25%, 9%, and 7% of the isolates, respectively. Unvaccinated trainees were much more likely than vaccinated trainees to be positive for types 4 or 7 (odds ratio [OR] = 28.1; 95% CI, 20.2-39.2), Two training centers experienced epidemics of respiratory disease affecting thousands of trainees when vaccines were not available. Until a new manufacturer is identified, the loss of orphaned adenovirus vaccines will result in thousands of additional preventable adenovirus infections. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 76 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1086/313999 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400005 PM 11017812 ER PT J AU Mullen, LJ Contarino, VM AF Mullen, Linda J. Contarino, V. Michael TI Hybrid Lidar-Radar: Seeing through the Scatter SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Mullen, Linda J.; Contarino, V. Michael] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, LJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 1 IS 3 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1109/6668.871186 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V32ZK UT WOS:000208988900001 ER PT J AU Bunton, RW Denegri, CM AF Bunton, RW Denegri, CM TI Limit cycle oscillation characteristics of fighter aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Flight Test Engn Grp, Strike Aircraft Test Directorate, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Engn Branch, Certificat Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Bunton, RW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Flight Test Engn Grp, Strike Aircraft Test Directorate, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 916 EP 918 DI 10.2514/2.2690 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400024 ER PT J AU Garland, FC Garland, CF Gorham, ED AF Garland, FC Garland, CF Gorham, ED TI A model of the expected occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes aboard US Navy ships SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The goal of this study was to model the incidence of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion if pregnant women in the first 20 weeks of gestation were to remain aboard ship while at sea during deployments. Ectopic pregnancies and other pregnancy complications at sea can be life-threatening events. Data sources included shipboard medical departments, an Enlisted Personnel Survey, and the Naval Health Research Center Hospitalized Pregnancy and Women Aboard Ship studies. The overall pregnancy rate was 19 per 100 woman-years (95% confidence interval, 18-20), based on the complement of women assigned to participating ships. If pregnant women routinely were to remain aboard ships at sea during deployments through their first 20 weeks of pregnancy, it is expected that approximately 9 ectopic pregnancies and 40 spontaneous abortions would occur aboard ships at sea. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Garland, FC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 IS 9 BP 691 EP 697 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355AC UT WOS:000089362600016 PM 11011543 ER PT J AU Koppes, W Ammon, HL Concha, MC Gilardi, R Politzer, P Sitzmann, ME AF Koppes, W Ammon, HL Concha, MC Gilardi, R Politzer, P Sitzmann, ME TI Monotriazolotriazines: A correction to the product structure in the dicyandiamide-hydrazine condensation reaction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, LSM 6030, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 493-ORGN BP U111 EP U111 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300658 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U Gracik, T Ness, J Blum, M Le, A Scholl, B Long, G AF Sorathia, U Gracik, T Ness, J Blum, M Le, A Scholl, B Long, G TI Fire safety of marine composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, W Bethesda, MD 21012 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 41-PMSE BP U334 EP U334 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301906 ER PT J AU Knoke, JD Smith, TC Gray, GC Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW AF Knoke, JD Smith, TC Gray, GC Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW TI Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms: Does it identify a Gulf War syndrome? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE factor analysis; statistical; military medicine; Persian Gulf syndrome; symptoms and general pathology; veterans ID VETERANS; ILLNESS AB Active duty US Naval mobile construction battalion personnel (Seabees) were surveyed in 1994 for the presence of a variety of symptoms. Questions were drawn from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and from a collection of symptoms either defining clinical depression or commonly reported by Persian Gulf War veterans. Of those surveyed, 524 were Gulf War veterans and 935 were nondeployed Gulf War-era veterans. Factor analysis applied to Gulf War Veterans yielded five factors, three deriving from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, one suggesting clinical depression, and one containing symptoms commonly reported by Gulf War veterans. Factor analysis applied to nondeployed veterans yielded five similar factors. Three of the factors yielded statistically significantly greater standardized factor scores for Gulf War veterans than for nondeployed veterans. Four of the factors resembled factors resulting from a previous analysis on a sample of similar Gulf War veterans. Gulf War veterans and nondeployed era veterans reported similar clusters of symptoms and illnesses. However, Gulf War Veterans reported these same clusters with greater frequencies than did nondeployed veterans. The authors conclude that, in contrast to a previous report, factor analysis did not identify a unique Gulf War syndrome. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 4 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1093/aje/152.4.379 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 345RV UT WOS:000088829700010 PM 10968383 ER PT J AU McDonough, C Gray, GC AF McDonough, C Gray, GC TI Risk factors for sarcoidosis hospitalization among US Navy and Marine Corps personnel, 1981 to 1995 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Prevention 98 Meeting CY APR 02-05, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Prevent Med ID VARICELLA; RATES AB Sarcoidosis has been associated with various demographic risk factors, yet findings may be falsely influenced by effects such as socioeconomic status. We used univariate and multiple logistic regression to compare demographic data from military sarcoidosis hospitalizations with similar data from the general military population from 1981 to 1995. A total of 626 first hospitalizations for sarcoidosis were identified. After adjusting for pay grade, blacks had seven-fold increased odds of sarcoidosis hospitalization compared with whites. The oldest age group had five times the odds of the youngest age group. A southeastern United States home of record was associated with increased risk. Multivariate modeling permitted us to determine independent risk factors for sarcoidosis hospitalization, in contrast to previous studies that focused mainly on unadjusted rates. These findings are useful in identifying populations at high risk for sarcoidosis. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP McDonough, C (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 630 EP 632 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500016 PM 10957860 ER PT J AU Williams, DA AF Williams, DA TI Stevens-Johnson syndrome after erythromycin therapy while deployed at sea SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN Hosp, Branch Med Clin, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Williams, DA (reprint author), USN Hosp, Branch Med Clin, Naval Air Stn, Bldg 964, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 636 EP 637 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500018 PM 10957862 ER PT J AU Chafin, A Merwin, L AF Chafin, A Merwin, L TI The nitration of 1,3,5-triazine with dinitrogen pentoxide SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Mat Synth Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chafin, A (reprint author), USN, Mat Synth Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 15 BP 4743 EP 4744 DI 10.1021/jo000064s PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 339QF UT WOS:000088488900040 ER PT J AU Kadkhoda, P Muller, A Ristau, D Duparre, A Gliech, S Lauth, H Schuhmann, U Reng, N Tilsch, M Schuhmann, R Amra, C Deumie, C Jolie, C Kessler, H Lindstrom, T Ribbing, CG Bennett, JM AF Kadkhoda, P Muller, A Ristau, D Duparre, A Gliech, S Lauth, H Schuhmann, U Reng, N Tilsch, M Schuhmann, R Amra, C Deumie, C Jolie, C Kessler, H Lindstrom, T Ribbing, CG Bennett, JM TI International round-robin experiment to test the International Organization for Standardization total-scattering draft standard SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS; REFLECTANCE; SURFACES; MIRRORS; SAMPLES; ANGLE AB An international round-robin experiment has been conducted among laboratories in different countries to test the measurement and the data-analysis procedures in the International Organization for Standardization draft standard ISO/DIS 13696 for measuring total scattering from low-scatter laser optics. Ten laboratories measured total backscattering from high-reflectance mirrors, 50% beam splitters, and antireflection-coated windows. Results were sent to the Laser Zentrum Hannover, which acted as coordinator and analyzed all the backscattering data. The results showed that the procedure in the draft standard was useful for measuring and reporting backscattering for low-scatter optics. Problems encountered in the round-robin experiment included the accumulation of particles on the surfaces, particularly on the high-reflectance mirrors. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 290.0290, 290.5820, 120.4800. C1 Laser Zentrum Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Angew Opt & Feinmech, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Jenopt LOS GmbH, D-07739 Jena, Germany. Laser & Med Technol GGmbH, Berlin Geschaftsbereich Lasertechn, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Angew Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. LINOS Photon GmbH, D-37081 Gottingen, Germany. Ecole Natl Super Phys Marseille, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Tech Opt Ltd, Onchan, Man, England. Uppsala Univ, Dept Mat Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kadkhoda, P (reprint author), Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hollerithallee 8, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. EM jbennett@ridgenet.net NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 19 BP 3321 EP 3332 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003321 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331YE UT WOS:000088045600019 PM 18349900 ER PT J AU Thomas, TL Hooper, TI Camarca, M Murray, J Sack, D Mole, D Spiro, RT Horn, WG Garland, FC AF Thomas, TL Hooper, TI Camarca, M Murray, J Sack, D Mole, D Spiro, RT Horn, WG Garland, FC TI A method for monitoring the Health of US Navy submarine crewmembers during periods of isolation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE submariners; health; epidemiology; surveillance ID MORTALITY AB Background: With the expansion of the manned space program, an essential consideration in planning is the medical support necessary for long-term missions, information on analogous populations serving in isolated and/or contained environments may be useful in predicting health risks for astronauts. Methods: The present study evaluates rates of health events that occur in a highly screened, healthy military population during periods of isolation. A centralized database was designed to collect medical encounter data from U.S. Navy submarines and contains demographic information, crew rosters for each patrol, medical encounter notes, accident reports, medical evacuation reports, vital signs and laboratory data. The population included in the present analysis is composed of crewmembers aboard 136 submarine patrols between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 1998. Results: A total of 2044 initial visits to medical staff and 973 re-visits for the same condition were recorded during these patrols. Potentially mission-impacting medical events reported among crewmembers were rare (i.e., among a crew of 10 individuals, only 1-2 medical Events would be expected to occur during a 100 d-mission). The most common category of medical events was injury, followed by respiratory illnesses (URIs), skin problems (minor infections, ingrown toenail), symptoms and ill-defined conditions, digestive disorders, infectious conditions, sensory organ problems (ear and eye), and musculoskeletal conditions. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. COMSUBLANT, Force Med, Norfolk, VA USA. COMSUBPAC, Force Med, Pearl River, NY USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Thomas, TL (reprint author), NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, NIH, EPS-7100,6120 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 71 IS 7 BP 699 EP 705 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 329RE UT WOS:000087921000006 PM 10902933 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI The chemical Langevin equation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The stochastic dynamical behavior of a well-stirred mixture of N molecular species that chemically interact through M reaction channels is accurately described by the chemical master equation. It is shown here that, whenever two explicit dynamical conditions are satisfied, the microphysical premise from which the chemical master equation is derived leads directly to an approximate time-evolution equation of the Langevin type. This chemical Langevin equation is the same as one studied earlier by Kurtz, in contradistinction to some other earlier proposed forms that assume a deterministic macroscopic evolution law. The novel aspect of the present analysis is that it shows that the accuracy of the equation depends on the satisfaction of certain specific conditions that can change from moment to moment, rather than on a static system size parameter. The derivation affords a new perspective on the origin and magnitude of noise in a chemically reacting system. It also clarifies the connection between the stochastically correct chemical master equation, and the deterministic but often satisfactory reaction rate equation. [S0021-9606(00)50925-8]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM GillespieDT@navair.navy.mil NR 21 TC 628 Z9 636 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 1 BP 297 EP 306 AR PII [S0021-9606(00)50925-8] DI 10.1063/1.481811 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 326TE UT WOS:000087750800036 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Oxley, J Smith, J Bedford, C Chapman, R AF Zhang, J Oxley, J Smith, J Bedford, C Chapman, R TI Mass spectral fragmentation pathways in cyclic difluoramino and nitro compounds SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE difluoramine; nitro compounds; explosives; collision-induced dissociation; fragmentation pathways ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE; NITRAMINES AB The recently synthesized compounds 4,4-bis(difluoramino)-1-nitropiperidine (I), 1,4,4-trinitropiperidine (II), 1,1,4,4-tetranitrocyclohexane (III), 1,1,4,4-tetrakis(difluoramino)cyclohexane (TV) and 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine (HNFX, V) are being considered as potential energetic materials. The mass spectra of these compounds were studied using electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry, A collision-induced dissociation (CID) study of the major EI peaks was carried out using a Finnigan TSQ 700 tandem mass spectrometer, The mass fragmentation pathways are constructed and discussed. The decomposition of HNFX (V), under EI, appeared to parallel the thermal decomposition of nitramines where N-NO2 cleavage is often the first step. However, the two nitramines with a six-membered ring structure (I and II) underwent initial Loss of a geminal substituent; loss of a nitramine nitro group was the secondary step. The two cyclohexane structures (III and IV) showed similar initial fragmentation pathways, featuring successive losses of nitro or difluoramino groups. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93556 USA. RP Smith, J (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 35 IS 7 BP 841 EP 852 DI 10.1002/1096-9888(200007)35:7<841::AID-JMS8>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 340QB UT WOS:000088544900009 ER PT J AU Fedderly, JJ Lee, GF Lee, JD Hartmann, B Dusek, K Duskova-Smrckova, M Somvarsky, J AF Fedderly, JJ Lee, GF Lee, JD Hartmann, B Dusek, K Duskova-Smrckova, M Somvarsky, J TI Network structure dependence of volume and glass transition temperature SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY OCT, 1999 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN SP Soc Rheol ID POLYURETHANES; RELAXATION AB A series of polyurethanes was used to determine the molar contributions of chain ends (CE) and branch points (BP) to free volume and glass transition temperature T-g. The polyurethanes were copolymers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) with hydroxyl functionalities of one, two, and three. The equivalent weights of all the PPOs were equal, such that the chemical composition of the chain segments was essentially identical. Therefore, the only distinctions among polymers were differences in CE and BP concentration. Theory of branching processes computer simulations were used to determine the concentration of CE due to imperfect network formation. Other CE contributions were from the monofunctional PPO. Polymer volumes and T(g)s were correlated to CE and BP concentrations, and the contributions of these species were determined from least squares fits. The molar volume and T-g contributions were then used to determine free volume thermal expansion coefficients. These values were compared to thermal expansion coefficients obtained from WLF parameters (c(1),c(2)) obtained from the measurement of dynamic moduli as a function of temperature. (C) 2000 The Society of Rheology. [S0148-6055(00)01204-9]. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, CR-16206 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Fedderly, JJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Duskova-Smrckova, Miroslava/I-5530-2014; Dusek, Karel /I-5692-2014 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 44 IS 4 BP 961 EP 972 DI 10.1122/1.551122 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 332NJ UT WOS:000088080100018 ER PT J AU Ryan, M Gray, G Hawksworth, A Malasig, M Hudspeth, M Poddar, S AF Ryan, M Gray, G Hawksworth, A Malasig, M Hudspeth, M Poddar, S TI The Naval Health Research Center Respiratory Disease Laboratory SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol ID MILITARY TRAINEES; RISK-FACTORS; PENICILLIN-G; PROPHYLAXIS; BENZATHINE; PNEUMONIA; PERSONNEL AB Concern about emerging and reemerging respiratory pathogens prompted the development of a respiratory disease reference laboratory at the Naval Health Research Center. Professionals working in this laboratory have instituted population-based surveillance for pathogens that affect military trainees and responded to threats of increased respiratory disease among high-risk military groups. Capabilities of this laboratory that are unique within the Department of Defense include adenovirus testing by viral shell culture and microneutralization serotyping, influenza culture and hemagglutination inhibition serotyping, and other special testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. Mycoplasma pneumonia, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Projected capabilities of this laboratory include more advanced testing for these pathogens and testing for other emerging pathogens, including Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type B. Such capabilities make the laboratory a valuable resource for military public health. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, M (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 32 EP 34 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200013 PM 10920635 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Gray, GC Knoke, JD AF Smith, TC Gray, GC Knoke, JD TI Is systemic lupus erythematosus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or fibromyalgia associated with Persian Gulf War service? An examination of department of defense hospitalization data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Federally Sponsored Gulf War Veterans Illnesses Reserch CY JUN 17-19, 1998 CL PENTAGON CITY, MARYLAND DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; fibromyalgia; hospitalization; lupus erythematosus, systemic; military medicine; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID DESERT-SHIELD; US VETERANS; EXPERIENCE; ILLNESSES; STORM AB Since the Persian Gulf War ended in 1991, veterans have reported diverse, unexplained symptoms. Some have wondered if their development of systemic lupus erythematosus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or fibromyalgia might be related to Gulf War service. The authors used Cox proportional hazard modeling to determine whether regular, active-duty service personnel deployed to the Persian Gulf War (n = 551,841) were at increased risk of postwar hospitalization with the three conditions compared with nondeployed Gulf War era service personnel (n = 1,478,704). All hospitalizations in Department of Defense facilities from October 1, 1988, through July 31, 1997, were examined. With removal of personnel diagnosed with any of the three diseases before August 1, 1991, and adjustment for multiple covariates, Gulf War veterans were not at increased risk of postwar hospitalization due to systemic lupus erythematosus (risk ratio (RR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 1.35). Because of the small number of cases and wide confidence limits, the data regarding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were inconclusive. Gulf War veterans were slightly at risk of postwar hospitalization for fibromyalgia (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43); however, this risk difference was probably due to the Gulf War veteran clinical evaluation program beginning in 1994. These data do not support Gulf War service and disease associations. C1 US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1059 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 320EZ UT WOS:000087390000003 PM 10873128 ER PT J AU Gastanaga, VM Araneta, MRG Schlangen, KM Gray, GC AF Gastanaga, VM Araneta, MRG Schlangen, KM Gray, GC TI Simultaneous-equation estimation of birthweight and gestational age among Gulf War-era military infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 11 SU S MA 46 BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 321MZ UT WOS:000087460400048 ER PT J AU Beland, MC Bennett, JM AF Beland, MC Bennett, JM TI Effect of local microroughness on the gloss uniformity of printed paper surfaces SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A critical factor that affects the appearance of printed paper surfaces is gloss uniformity, which is usually assessed visually. To relate gloss uniformity to nonvisual quantities, we first visually identified areas of either high or low gloss on the same sample for two different types of paper. We then measured the roughness and the reflectance of these areas. Microroughness was measured with an atomic-force microscope, and roughness was measured over a larger area with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The local reflectance of the high-gloss and the low-gloss areas was obtained from images taken with a gloss-imaging instrument and compared with the roughness of each area. This correlation is nonlinear, and roughness is insufficient to predict the local reflectance. Light-scattering measurements were made in the specular direction to map the gloss uniformity over larger areas than was possible with the gloss-imaging instrument. These maps were used to show the possibility of using both the spatial frequency and the fan filters, which together form a set of cortex filters, to analyze the variation of the gloss about the mean value and its spatial distribution on the surface in terms of spatial frequency and azimuthal orientation. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.6660, 180.1790, 180.5810, 240.5770, 290.5880. C1 ACREO, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM marieclaude.beland@acro.se; jbennett@ridgenet.net NR 16 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 16 BP 2719 EP 2726 DI 10.1364/AO.39.002719 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 318XZ UT WOS:000087311100027 PM 18345193 ER PT J AU Bennett, JM Ronnow, D AF Bennett, JM Ronnow, D TI Test of Opticlean strip coating material for removing surface contamination SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The strip coating material, Opticlean, which has been reformulated, has been shown to remove 1-5-mu m-diameter particles as well as contamination remaining from previous drag wipe cleaning on a used silicon wafer. In addition, no residue that produced scattering was found on a fresh silicon wafer when Opticlean was applied and then stripped off. The total integrated scattering technique used for the measurements could measure scattering levels of He-Ne laser light as low as a few ppm (parts in 10(6)), corresponding to a surface roughness of <1 Angstrom rms. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 160.4890, 290.5820, 290.5850, 240.6700, 310.1620. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Acreo AB, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden. RP Bennett, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM jbennett@ridgenet.net OI Ronnow, Daniel/0000-0003-2887-049X NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 16 BP 2737 EP 2739 DI 10.1364/AO.39.002737 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 318XZ UT WOS:000087311100030 PM 18345196 ER PT J AU Palinkas, LA Gunderson, E Holland, AW Miller, C Johnson, JC AF Palinkas, LA Gunderson, E Holland, AW Miller, C Johnson, JC TI Predictors of behavior and performance in extreme environments: The Antarctic space analogue program SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; performance; extreme environments; personality; interpersonal needs ID ASTRONAUT EFFECTIVENESS; MISSIONS; STRESS AB Background: To determine which, if any, characteristics should be incorporated into a select-in approach to screening personnel for longduration spaceflight, we examined the influence of crewmember social/demographic characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and characteristics of station physical environments on performance measures in 657 American men who spent an austral winter in Antarctica between 1963 and 1974. Methods: During screening, subjects completed a Personal History Questionnaire which obtained information on social and demographic characteristics, the Deep Freeze Opinion Survey which assessed 5 different personality traits, and the Fundamental interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) Scale which measured 6 dimensions of interpersonal needs. Station environment included measures of crew size and severity of physical environment. Performance was assessed on the basis of combined peer-supervisor evaluations of overall performance, peer nominations of fellow crewmembers who made ideal winter-over candidates, and self-reported depressive symptoms. Results: Social/demographic characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and characteristics of station environments collectively accounted for 9-17% of the variance in performance measures. The following characteristics were significant independent predictors of more than one performance measure: military service, low levels Of neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness, and a low desire for affection from others. Conclusions: These results represent an important first step in the development of select-in criteria for personnel on long-duration missions in space and other extreme environments. These criteria must take into consideration the characteristics of the environment and the limitations they place on meeting needs for interpersonal relations and task performance, as well as the characteristics of the individuals and groups who live and work in these environments. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Studies, Greenville, NC USA. RP Palinkas, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 6 BP 619 EP 625 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 321TA UT WOS:000087469700009 PM 10870821 ER PT J AU Shender, BS AF Shender, BS TI Crew resource management and the practice of medicine SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SciTech Watch, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Shender, BS (reprint author), SciTech Watch, Crew Syst Div, Bldg 2187,Suite 2280, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 6 BP 658 EP + PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 321TA UT WOS:000087469700015 ER PT J AU Witzmann, FA Carpenter, RL Ritchie, GD Wilson, CL Nordholm, AF Rossi, J AF Witzmann, FA Carpenter, RL Ritchie, GD Wilson, CL Nordholm, AF Rossi, J TI Toxicity of chemical mixtures: Proteomic analysis of persisting liver and kidney protein alterations induced by repeated exposure of rats to JP-8 jet fuel vapor SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE jet fuel; JP-8; vapor; liver proteins; kidney proteins; proteomics; lamin A; protein modification index; two-dimensional electrophoresis; mass spectrometry; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; glutathione-S-transferase ID 10-FORMYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; FISCHER-344 RATS; SUBSTANCE-P; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; IMMUNOTOXICITY; TRANSFERASES; PERSONNEL AB Male Sprague-Dawley rate were exposed by whole body inhalation to 1000 mg/m(3) +/- 10% JP-8 jet fuel vapor or room air control conditions for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for six consecutive weeks. Following a rest period of 82 days rats were sacrificed, and liver and kidney tissues examined by proteomic methods for both total protein abundance and protein charge modification. Kidney and lung samples were solubilized and separated via large scale, high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and gel patterns scanned, digitized and processed for statistical analysis. Through the use of peptide mass fingerprinting, confirmed by sequence tag analysis, three altered proteins were identified and quantified. Numerical, but not significantly different increases were found in total abundance of lamin A (NCBI Accession No. 1346413) in the liver, and of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (10-FTHF DH, #1346044) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST; #2393724) in the kidneys of vapor-exposed subjects. Protein charge modification index (CMI) analysis indicated significant alterations (P < 0.001) in expressed lamin A and 10-FTHF DH. These persisting changes in liver and kidney proteins are discussed in terms of possible alterations in the functional capacity of exposed subjects. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Anat Lab, Columbus, IN 47204 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Witzmann, FA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Anat Lab, 4601 Cent Ave, Columbus, IN 47204 USA. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2138 EP 2147 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(20000601)21:11<2138::AID-ELPS2138>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 330RN UT WOS:000087975100007 PM 10892725 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ TI A natural basis for efficient brain-actuated control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON REHABILITATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALLY INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS; VISUAL-SPATIAL ATTENTION; BLIND SEPARATION AB The prospect of noninvasive brain-actuated control of computerized screen displays or locomotive devices is of interest to many and of crucial importance to a few 'locked-in' subjects who experience near total motor paralysis while retaining sensory and mental faculties. Currently several groups are attempting to achieve brain-actuated control of screen displays using operant conditioning of particular features of the spontaneous scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) including central mu-rhythms (9-12 Hz). A new EEG decomposition technique, independent component analysis (ICA), appears to he a foundation fur new research in the design of systems for detection and operant control of endogenous EEG rhythms to achieve flexible EEG-based communication. ICA separates multichannel EEG data into spatially static and temporally independent components including separate components accounting fur posterior alpha rhythms and central mu activities. We demonstrate using data from a visual selective attention task that ICA-derived mu-components can show much stronger spectral reactivity to motor events than activity measures for single scalp channels. ICA decompositions of spontaneous EEG would thus appear to form a natural basis for operant conditioning to achieve efficient and multidimensional brain-actuated control in motor-limited and locked-in subjects. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1063-6528 J9 IEEE T REHABIL ENG JI IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1109/86.847818 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Rehabilitation GA 330TF UT WOS:000087976700013 PM 10896189 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD AF Seltzer, MD TI Performance testing of a multimetals continuous emissions monitor SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING PROBE; SPECTROMETRY; METALS AB A prototype instrument, designed for continuous monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metal emissions in the stack gases of waste incinerators and industrial furnaces, has undergone a performance evaluation that included a relative accuracy test audit. The test results confirmed the instrument's ability to accurately measure stack gas metal concentrations and thus validate the applicability of the candidate technique for compliance assurance monitoring for the specific source involved. The analytical accuracy of this system, documented during the recent test exercise, represents a significant improvement in performance relative to that previously achieved, and can be attributed with certainty to the recent implementation of a shrouded nozzle sampling system. By reducing deposition losses of particulate matter in the extracted stack gas stream to acceptable levels, presentation of a more representative sample stream to the elemental analyzer has been accomplished. The present paper discusses the design and operation of the multimetals continuous emissions monitor (MMCEM), the shrouded nozzle sampling system, and the results of recent performance testing. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 325UB UT WOS:000087693800016 PM 10902395 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Hurtado, SL AF Hourani, LL Hurtado, SL TI Total quality leadership in the US navy: Effective for health promotion activities? SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Total Quality Leadership; Navy; military; worksite health promotion; disease prevention; health survey ID IMPROVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB Background. Although the U.S. Navy mandated Total Quality Leadership (TQL) as a management strategy throughout its medical department in the early 1990s, it was unknown to what extent it was being used for health promotion activities and, if so, how effectively. Methods. A brief mail sun ey of 204 Navy commands supplemented by 97 telephone interviews to TQL-for-health-promotion-using commands and nonusing controls provided worksite information on TQL implementation. Responses from a Navywide health and fitness survey provided perceptions and health behavior attitudes from the individuals at commands. Results. A total of 32% of commands surveyed had used TQL specifically for improving health- and fitness-related processes and outcomes between 1991 and 1995. Participants at commands that had used TQL for health- and fitness-related processes reported a higher importance of good health (P < 0.05) and were more certain that they would reach and or maintain their ideal weight (P < 0.05) than participants at non-TQL commands. However, there were no significant differences in perceptions of command support for health and fitness between TQL and non-TQL commands. Conclusions. Several factors and organizational arrangements that were pertinent to the development and practice of TQL in the Navy were identified. The use of TQL specifically for health promotion was not consistently related to health-related perceptions or health behavior attitudes. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 6 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1006/pmed.2000.0665 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 324RD UT WOS:000087634400004 PM 10901490 ER PT J AU Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B AF Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B TI Prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to anti-retroviral drugs in a cohort of therapy-naive HIV-1 infected US military personnel SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; drug resistance; phenotype; genotype ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TYPE-1; GENE; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; VARIANTS; NEVIRAPINE AB Objective: While transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 has been reported, estimates of prevalence of resistance in drug-naive populations are incomplete. We investigated the prevalence of genotypic mutations and phenotypic antiretroviral resistance in a cohort of HIV-1 infected U.S. military personnel prior to the institution of antiretroviral therapy. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 114 recently HIV-1 infected subjects enrolled in an epidemiological study. Genotypic resistance was determined by consensus sequencing of a PCR product from the HIV-1 pol gene. Sequences were interpreted by a phenotypic-genotypic correlative database. Resistance phenotypes were determined by a recombinant virus cell culture assay. Results: Genotypic mutations and phenotypic resistance were found at a higher than expected frequency. Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was most common, with a prevalence of 15% of 95 subjects by genotype and 26% of 91 subjects by phenotype. Genotypic and phenotypic resistance respectively were found in 4% and 8% of subjects for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and in 10% and 1% for protease inhibitors. One subject harbored virus with resistance to all three drug classes. Conclusions: A substantial frequency of resistance to antiretroviral drugs was identified in a therapy-naive U.S. cohort. In most cases, the genotypic and phenotypic assays yielded similar results, although the genotypic assay could detect some protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations in the absence of phenotypic resistance. These data suggest the need for optimization of treatment guidelines based on current estimates of the prevalence of drug resistance in HIV-1 seroconverters. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 US Mil, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Virco Belgium, Mechelen, Belgium. Virco UK, Cambridge, England. RP Wegner, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Ct Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 29 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 26 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1097/00002030-200005260-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 319UX UT WOS:000087362200013 PM 10853983 ER PT J AU Sato, PA Ryan, M Gray, GC Hoffman, KJ Costello, CN Wassermann, GM Rubertone, MV Stanek, SA Grabenstein, JD Riddle, JR Trump, D AF Sato, PA Ryan, M Gray, GC Hoffman, KJ Costello, CN Wassermann, GM Rubertone, MV Stanek, SA Grabenstein, JD Riddle, JR Trump, D TI Surveillance for adverse events associated with Anthrax vaccination - US Department of Defense, 1998-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 341-345, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Anthrax Vaccine Immunizat Program Agcy, Off Army Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. US Dept Def, Off Assistant Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP Sato, PA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 24 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 20 BP 2648 EP 2649 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314FP UT WOS:000087046000013 ER PT J AU Semak, VV Steele, RJ Fuerschbach, PW Damkroger, BK AF Semak, VV Steele, RJ Fuerschbach, PW Damkroger, BK TI Role of beam absorption in plasma during laser welding SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KEYHOLE; PENETRATION; MODEL; BALANCE AB The relationship between beam focus position and penetration depth in CW laser welding was studied numerically and experimentally for different welding conditions. Calculations were performed using a transient hydrodynamic model that incorporates the effect of evaporation recoil pressure and the associated melt expulsion. The simulation results are compared with measurements made on a series of test welds obtained using a 1650 W COL laser. Thr simulations predict, and the experiments confirm, that maximum penetration occurs with a specific location of the beam focus, with respect to the original sample surface, and that this relationship depends on the processing conditions. In particular, beam absorption in the plasma has a significant effect on the relationship between penetration and focus position, When the process parameters result in strong beam absorption in the keyhole plasma, the maximum penetration will occur when the laser focus is at or above the sample surface. In a case of weak absorption however, the penetration depth reaches its maximum value when the beam focus is located below the sample surface. In all cases, the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Semak, VV (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1179 EP 1185 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/33/10/307 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 320HT UT WOS:000087396300008 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI A mathematical comparison of simple models of Johnson noise and shot noise SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB Simple physical models of Johnson noise and shot noise are compared within the mathematical framework of continuous Markov process theory. The comparison may help illuminate differences or misconceptions that might be fuelling the current debate over whether Johnson noise and shot noise can be subsumed under a single, unified theory. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 8 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 18 BP 4195 EP 4205 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/12/18/305 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 317NP UT WOS:000087231700006 ER PT J AU Hyer, RN Howell, MR Ryan, MAK Gaydos, JC AF Hyer, RN Howell, MR Ryan, MAK Gaydos, JC TI Cost-effectiveness analysis of reacquiring and using adenovirus types 4 and 7 vaccines in naval recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US-ARMY TRAINEES; MILITARY TRAINEES; PCR; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK AB Adenovirus vaccines have controlled acute respiratory disease (ARD) in military recruits since 1971. Vaccine production, however, ceased and new facilities are required. We assessed whether reacquiring and using vaccines in naval recruits is cost-effective. Three policy options were evaluated: no vaccination, seasonal vaccination, and year-round vaccination. Morbidity (outpatient and inpatient), illness costs (medical and lost training), and vaccine program costs (start-up, acquisition, and distribution) were modeled using a decision-analytic method. Results were based on a cohort of 49,079 annual trainees, a winter vaccine-preventable ARD rate of 2.6 cases per 100 person-weeks, a summer incidence rate at 10% of the winter rate, a hospitalization rate of 7.6%, and a production facility costing US$12 million. Compared to no vaccination, seasonal vaccination prevented 4,015 cases and saved $2.8 million per year. Year-round vaccination prevented 4,555 cases and saved $2.6 million. Reacquiring and using adenovirus vaccines seasonally or year-round saves money and averts suffering. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gaydos, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 412HP UT WOS:000167549200013 PM 11289673 ER PT J AU Fialho, I Balas, GJ Packard, AK Renfrow, J Mullaney, C AF Fialho, I Balas, GJ Packard, AK Renfrow, J Mullaney, C TI Gain-scheduled lateral control of the F-14 aircraft during powered approach landing SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The design of a linear fractional transformation gain-scheduled controller, scheduled on angle of attack, fur the F-14 aircraft lateral-directional axis is presented. The controller is designed for the powered approach Right phase, during which the angle of attack and corresponding airspeed varies from 2 deg and 182 kn to 14 deg and 126 kn. A linear fractional model of the lateral dynamics Is constructed based on four linearized models that correspond to 2, 6, 10.5, and 14 deg angle of attack. Using parameter-dependent functions, a controller is designed that depends in a linear fractional manner on angle of attack and delivers uniform handling quality over angle-of-attack variations that lie between 2-14 deg. The resulting controller performs well when implemented in a nonlinear simulation model of the F-14 aircraft. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Fialho, I (reprint author), Dynacs Engn, Houston, TX USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.2514/2.4550 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 313DT UT WOS:000086985600010 ER PT J AU Gauker, ED Covey, DC Emens-Hesslink, KE Moya, NL Konoske, PJ AF Gauker, ED Covey, DC Emens-Hesslink, KE Moya, NL Konoske, PJ TI A descriptive analysis of patient encounter data from the Fleet Hospital FIVE humanitarian relief mission in Haiti SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Fleet Hospital FIVE personnel treated more than 24,000 patients during a 1997 military operation other than war in Haiti. Sample data were analyzed for 10,215 Haitians who received humanitarian assistance care at field treatment sites and for 353 military, United Nations personnel, and Haitian nationals who were treated at the fleet hospital. Demographic data, type of encounter, diagnoses, and prescriptions were tabulated. Children aged 1 to 10 years accounted for 31%, of humanitarian assistance visits. Females outnumbered males; in adults aged 21 to 30 years, the proportion was almost three to one. Most (97%) were initial encounters. Infectious and parasitic diseases, such as worms or scabies, accounted for 25% of diagnoses. At the fleet hospital, more than 80% of patients were males; these were most often older than 21 years. Injuries and aftercare procedures constituted 51.5% of diagnoses. Of 18,100 prescriptions, 57% were for anti-inflammatories, vitamins, or anti-parasitics. Implications for medical planning are described. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gauker, ED (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700002 PM 10826379 ER PT J AU Vogl, O Rehman, AU Zarras, P AF Vogl, O Rehman, AU Zarras, P TI Polycationic salts V. N-15 NMR spectra of amines, ammonium salt monomers, and polymers of styrene based trialkylammonium salts SO MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE N-15 NMR spectroscopy; tertiary amines; quaternary ammonium salts; 2-ionene oligomers; polycationic salts AB N-15 NMR spectroscopy was found to be essential for the detailed characterization of tertiary amines, vinylbenzylammonium salts, and polymers derived from these compounds. it proved important for the characterization of low 2-ionene oligomers and vinylbenzylammonium salts derived thereof as well. The polymers of these novel monomers were also characterized and identified. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Polytech Univ, Metro Tech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Vogl, O (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0026-9247 J9 MONATSH CHEM JI Mon. Chem. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 131 IS 5 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1007/PL00010313 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 329JJ UT WOS:000087903600003 ER PT J AU Kaufman, KR Brodine, S Shaffer, R AF Kaufman, KR Brodine, S Shaffer, R TI Military training-related injuries - Surveillance, research, and prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military medicine; military personnel; wounds and injuries; epidemiology; musculoskeletal system; primary prevention ID LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; STRESS-FRACTURES; PARACHUTING INJURIES; INFANTRY SOLDIERS; RUNNING INJURIES; OVERUSE INJURIES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; RISK-FACTORS; RUNNERS; ARMY AB Background: Musculoskeletal physical training-related injuries are a major problem in military populations. Injuries are important in ter ms of loss of time from work and training and decreased military readiness. The implications of these injuries in terms of patient morbidity, attrition rates, and training costs for military personnel are staggering. This article reviews: (1) pertinent epidemiologic literature on musculoskeletal injury rates; (2) injury type and location; and (3) risk factors for military populations. Suggestions for injury surveillance and prevention are also offered. Methods: Existing military and civilian epidemiologic studies were used to estimate and compare the size of the injury problem, identify risk factors, and test preventive measures. Most of the military research data obtained was from Marine and Army recruits, Army Infantry soldiers, and Naval Special Warfare candidates. Additional studies conducted in operational forces provided documentation of the injury problem in these populations as well. Results: Injury rates during military training are high, ranging from 6 to 12 per 100 male recruits per month during basic training to as high as 30 per 100 per month for Naval Special Warfare training. Data collected show a wide variation in injury rates that are dependent largely on the following risk factors: low levels of current physical fitness, low levels of previous occupational and leisure time physical activity, previous injury history, high running mileage, high amount of weekly exercise, smoking, age, and biomechanical factors. (Data are contradictory with respect to age.) Conclusion: Considering the magnitude of training injuries in military populations, there is a substantial amount of work that remains to be performed, especially in the areas of surveillance, prevention, and treatment. Modifiable risk factors have been identified suggesting that over use and other training injuries could be decreased with proper. interventions. Outpatient surveillance systems are available to capture musculoskeletal injury data but need to be refined. Given the size of the problem, a systematic process of prevention should be initiated starting with routine surveillance to identify high-risk populations for the purpose of prioritizing research and prevention. Properly planned interventions should then be implemented with the expectation of dramatically reduced lost work/training time, attrition, and medical costs, while increasing military readiness. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kaufman, KR (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, 128 Guggenheim 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Kaufman, Kenton/0000-0002-7311-3781 NR 65 TC 140 Z9 149 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00114-8 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200009 PM 10736541 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF Dewees, RV Nee, TW Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Nee, SMF Dewees, RV Nee, TW Johnson, LF Moran, MB TI Slope distribution of a rough surface measured by transmission scattering and polarization SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION; IMAGES AB Transmission scattering from medium to air was used to measure the slope distribution of the rough plane surface of a transparent glass hemisphere. A facet model successfully explained the measured results of refraction, scattering, and polarization: Transmission scattering existed for incident angles greater than the critical angle, all measured curves for the normalized scattered intensity versus the facet slope angle for different detection directions overlapped, and the measured polarization of scattering was approximately constant for >99% of the facets. The slope distribution obtained by transmission scattering agrees with those of the surface profiles in the valid range of the profiler and can represent the slope distribution of the rough surface. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM neesf@navair.navy.mil NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1561 EP 1569 DI 10.1364/AO.39.001561 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 299RD UT WOS:000086210900016 PM 18345052 ER PT J AU Van Orden, KF Jung, TP Makeig, S AF Van Orden, KF Jung, TP Makeig, S TI Combined eye activity measures accurately estimate changes in sustained visual task performance SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eye activity; fatigue; visual performance; fixations; blink activity; pupil diameter ID EEG SPECTRUM; ALERTNESS; FATIGUE AB Five concurrent eye activity measures were used to model fatigue-related changes in performance during a visual compensatory tracking task. Nine participants demonstrated considerable variations in performance level during two 53-min testing sessions in which continuous video-based eye activity measures were obtained. Using a trackball, participants were required to maneuver a target disk (destabilized by pseudorandom wind forces) within the center of an annulus on a CRT display. Mean tracking performance as a function of time across 18 sessions demonstrated a monotonic increase in error from 0 to 11 min, and a performance plateau thereafter. Individual performance fluctuated widely around this trend - with an average root mean square (RMS) error of 2.3 disk radii. For each participant, moving estimates of blink duration and frequency, fixation dwell time and frequency, and mean pupil diameter were analyzed using non-linear regression and artificial neural network techniques. Individual models were derived using eye and performance data from one session and cross-validated on data from a second session run on a different day. A general regression model (based only on fixation dwell time and frequency) trained on data from both sessions from all participants produced a correlation of estimated to actual tracking performance of R = 0.68 and an RMS error of 1.55 (S.D. = 0.26) disk radii. Individual non-linear regression models containing a general linear model term produced the cross-session correlations of estimated to actual tracking performance or R = 0.67. individualized neural network models derived from the data of both experimental sessions produced the lowest RMS error (mean = 1.23 disk radii. S.D. = 0.13) and highest correlation (R = 0.82) between eye activity-based estimates and actual tracking performance. Results suggest that information from multiple eye measures may be combined to produce accurate individualized real-time estimates of sub-minute scale performance changes during sustained tasks. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Sci & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Van Orden, KF (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D44209,54325 Patterson Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0511 J9 BIOL PSYCHOL JI Biol. Psychol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 3 BP 221 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00043-5 PG 20 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 300YM UT WOS:000086281400003 PM 10725565 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI The fractional Fourier transform and ISAR imaging SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Letter ID DOPPLER RADAR; CHIRP AB We comment on a connection between the fractional Fourier transform and inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging (ISAR). The results help illuminate older constructions due to Bernfeld (Bernfeld M 1984 Chirp Doppler radar Proc. IEEE Lett. 72 540) and Feig and Griinbaum (Feig E and Griinbaum A 1986 Tomographic methods in range-Doppler radar Inverse Problems 2 185-95) and suggest a fast scheme for eliminating the polar data refonnatting step in (ordinary) ISAR imaging. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/16/2/101 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 314AB UT WOS:000087031000002 ER PT J AU Bush, RA Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA AF Bush, RA Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA TI The association of blisters with musculoskeletal injuries in male marine recruits SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FRICTION BLISTERS; OVERUSE INJURIES; SPORTS; FOOT AB A prospective study examining the epidemiology of blisters and, in particular, the association of blisters with subsequent injuries was conducted involving 2,130 male US Marine Corps recruits participating in initial physical training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego, California. From January 1993 through September 1994, recruits experienced an incidence of 2.05 blisters per 100 recruit-months. Recruits with blisters were 50% more likely to experience an additional training-related injury. Blisters, in combination with other related injuries, resulted in 159 clinic visits, 103 days of assigned light duty, and 177 lost days of training. This loss of time cost a minimum of $29,529. Extrapolating to the annual population of recruits, this represents an approximate annual expense of $690,000. Aggressive blister prevention and management in this setting has the potential to greatly reduce morbidity and fiscal costs. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bush, RA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSN PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 USA SN 0003-0538 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 4 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 481KC UT WOS:000171517600004 PM 10800273 ER PT J AU Kolega, RR Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Uyeda, HT Therien, M Herman, WN AF Kolega, RR Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Uyeda, HT Therien, M Herman, WN TI Multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett porphyrin films for second-order nonlinear optics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Electro Opt Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 415-POLY BP U418 EP U418 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202364 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Herman, WN AF Roberts, MJ Herman, WN TI Improving chromophore order in nonlinear optical films formed by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Electro Opt Sensors Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 417-COLL BP U576 EP U576 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103110 ER PT J AU Sastry, SML Mahapatra, RN Hasson, DF AF Sastry, SML Mahapatra, RN Hasson, DF TI Microstructural refinement of Ti-44Al-11Nb by severe plastic deformation SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE extrusion; transmission electron microscopy; compounds; intermetallic; recrystallization and recovery; severe plastic deformation ID ALLOY C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sastry, SML (reprint author), Washington Univ, Campus Box 1185, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR 17 PY 2000 VL 42 IS 7 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00418-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 300ZH UT WOS:000086283300016 ER PT J AU Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Reading, JE Askew, WE Hesslink, R Wise, JA Schmidt, M AF Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Reading, JE Askew, WE Hesslink, R Wise, JA Schmidt, M TI Supplemental antioxidant effects on immune cells after a 24-day military training exercise. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A616 EP A616 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103562 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, G Hesslink, R Wise, J Askew, W Ensign, W Roberts, D AF Prior, RL Cao, G Hesslink, R Wise, J Askew, W Ensign, W Roberts, D TI Plasma and urine antioxidant capacity (AC) in men during physical training while consuming a dietary antioxidant supplement SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Geo Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A520 EP A520 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103010 ER PT J AU Schmidt, M Askew, EW Roberts, DE Ensign, W Hesslink, R Wise, J AF Schmidt, M Askew, EW Roberts, DE Ensign, W Hesslink, R Wise, J TI Efficacy of a phytochemical antioxidant supplement on the reduction of exercise-induced oxidative stress. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A520 EP A520 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103013 ER PT J AU Van Orden, KF Broyles, JW AF Van Orden, KF Broyles, JW TI Visuospatial task performance as a function of two- and three-dimensional display presentation techniques SO DISPLAYS LA English DT Article DE 2D displays; 3D displays; stereoscopic displays; volumetric displays; human performance AB Three-dimensional (3D) displays are becoming more widely available and are being applied to a greater variety of human-computer interface domains. Previous research has shown that 3D display of objects and information often is more appealing to the users, but for many tasks it is less useful than the two-dimensional (2D) displays. New display techniques must be assessed for their ability to improve human operator performance. The purpose of this research was to compare human performance on several 2D and 3D display formats across four visuospatial tasks. Qualified military and civilian air traffic controllers completed altitude and speed judgement tasks, a vectoring task, and a collision avoidance task on 2D top-down (plan-view), 3D perspective, 3D stereo, and laser-based 3D volumetric display systems. Each subject's speed and accuracy were measured on each task. Results indicated that the 2D plan or side-view displays yielded performance as good or better than any other display system for speed and altitude judgment tasks. Data presentation on the 3D volumetric display was superior to 3D perspective, 3D stereoscopic, and 2D displays only for the collision avoidance task. These results support previous research suggesting that 3D displays are useful in very specific tasks. The results from the collision avoidance experiment suggest that tasks requiring operators to view and predict future locations of multiple display symbols traversing a confined space (such as relationships between aircraft within the airspace around an airport) appear to be well suited for 3D rendering. Compared to 3D stereoscopic and perspective displays, the veridical display of localized spatial information within a volumetric display may provide high fidelity stereoscopic and parallax cues, improving human performance for some tasks. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Van Orden, KF (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D44209,53560 Hull St,5425 Patterson Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-9382 J9 DISPLAYS JI Displays PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0141-9382(00)00024-X PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA 328ZR UT WOS:000087882100003 ER PT J AU Kaiser, KS Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW Gray, GC AF Kaiser, KS Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW Gray, GC TI Pyridostigmine bromide intake during the Persian Gulf War is not associated with postwar handgrip strength SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRESS; VETERANS; SYMPTOMS AB Many Persian Gulf War veterans took pyridostigmine bromide (PB) during the Persian Gulf War. Previous research suggests that PB intake and insecticide exposure may reduce muscular strength. During 1994 and 1995, we examined the relationships between self-reported PB intake, self-reported exposures, and handgrip strength among 527 Gulf War veterans (GWVs) and 969 nondeployed veterans of that era (NDVs). We found that 25.4% and 6.7% of the GWVs and NDVs, respectively, reported generalized muscle weakness (for 1 month or longer) since the Gulf War (July 1990). Many veterans also reported exposure to insecticide during the war. Dominant handgrip strength was measured three times with a hand-held dynamometer in subjects standing with the elbow bent at a right angle. Multiple linear regression revealed that handgrip strength was negatively associated with age (p = 0.001) and female gender (p < 0.001). Handgrip strength was also found to be positively associated with height (p < 0.001), but it was not associated with PB intake (p = 0.558), Exposure to insecticides had no major effect on handgrip strength. These data suggest no association between PB intake and postwar handgrip strength. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Kaiser, KS (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM kaiser@nhrc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 3 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 294TJ UT WOS:000085926200001 PM 10741074 ER PT J AU Derderian, BR Blood, CG AF Derderian, BR Blood, CG TI Shipboard medical admissions during peacetime and combat support deployments SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Hospitalizations aboard aircraft carriers were examined to ascertain differences in illness type attributable to theater of operations and combat deployment status. Percentage distributions and lengths-of-stay statistics of major diagnostic categories are provided and compared between Vietnam combat support and peacetime modes of operations and between Western Pacific and Mediterranean theaters of operations. Respiratory disease proportions were found to be significantly higher for Vietnam combat support deployments than during subsequent peacetime deployments. For peacetime deployments, the Western Pacific deployments had higher percentages of infective, respiratory, and skin disorders. whereas the Mediterranean theater had a larger proportion of total admissions accounted for by accidents. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Derderian, BR (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 3 BP 228 EP 236 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 294TJ UT WOS:000085926200017 ER PT J AU Jung, TP Makeig, S Humphries, C Lee, TW McKeown, MJ Iragui, V Sejnowski, TJ AF Jung, TP Makeig, S Humphries, C Lee, TW McKeown, MJ Iragui, V Sejnowski, TJ TI Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE independent component analysis; ICA; EEG; artifact removal; EOG ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SIGNAL SEPARATION; LEARNING ALGORITHM; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; OCULAR ARTIFACT; EEG; EXTRACTION AB Eye movements, eye blinks, cardiac signals, muscle noise, and line noise present serious problems for electroencephalographic (EEG) interpretation and analysis when rejecting contaminated EEG segments results in an unacceptable data loss. Many methods have been proposed to remove artifacts from EEG recordings, especially those arising from eye movements and blinks. Often regression in the time or frequency domain is performed on parallel EEG and electrooculographic (EOG) recordings to derive parameters characterizing the appearance and spread of EOG artifacts in the EEG channels. Because EEG and ocular activity mix bidirectionally regressing out eye artifacts inevitably involves subtracting relevant EEG signals from each record as well. Regression methods become even more problematic when a good regressing channel is not available for each artifact source, as in the case of muscle artifacts. Use of principal component analysis (PCA) has been proposed to remove eye artifacts from multichannel EEG. However, PCA cannot completely separate eye artifacts from brain signals, especially when they have comparable amplitudes. Here, we propose a new and generally applicable method for removing a wide variety of artifacts from EEG records based on blind source separation by independent component analysis (ICA). Our results on EEG data collected from normal and autistic subjects show that ICA can effectively detect, separate, and remove contamination from a wide variety of artifactual sources in EEG records with results comparing favorably with those obtained using regression and PCA methods. ICA can also be used to analyze blink-related brain activity. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Salk Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Jung, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Humphries, Colin/0000-0002-5131-8743 NR 44 TC 1186 Z9 1204 U1 7 U2 73 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD MAR PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1017/S0048577200980259 PG 16 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 290ZY UT WOS:000085709100003 PM 10731767 ER PT J AU Zeisse, CR Nener, BD Dewees, RV AF Zeisse, CR Nener, BD Dewees, RV TI Measurement of low-altitude infrared propagation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; AEROSOL AB Infrared propagation at low altitudes is determined by extinction that is due to molecules and aerosol particles and ray bending by refraction, three effects that control the mean value of the signal. Interference causes the signal to fluctuate, or scintillate, about the mean value. We discuss; the design, calibration, and limitations of a held instrument for measuring optical propagation inside the midwave and long-wave infrared atmospheric windows. The instrument, which is accurate to +/-10%, has been used to investigate aerosol, refractive, and scintillation phenomena in the marine boundary layer. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. USN, Phys Res Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 95333 USA. RP Zeisse, CR (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, 49170 Propagat Path, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM zeisse@spawar.navy.mil RI Nener, Brett/H-5523-2014 OI Nener, Brett/0000-0001-8081-2620 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 BP 873 EP 886 DI 10.1364/AO.39.000873 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 285XC UT WOS:000085412800001 PM 18337963 ER PT J AU Abendroth, A Slobedman, B Lee, E Mellins, E Wallace, M Arvin, AM AF Abendroth, A Slobedman, B Lee, E Mellins, E Wallace, M Arvin, AM TI Modulation of major histocompatibility class II protein expression by varicella-zoster virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MHC ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; TRANSACTIVATOR GENE; IMMUNE INTERFERON; T-CELLS; INFECTION; HLA AB We sought to investigate the effects of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-stimulated expression of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on human fibroblasts, IFN-gamma treatment induced cell surface MHC class II expression on 60 to 86% of uninfected cells, compared to 20 to 30% of cells which had been infected with VZV prior to the addition of IFN-gamma. In contrast, cells that were treated with IFN-gamma before VZV infection had profiles of MWC class II expression similar to those of uninfected cell populations. Neither IFN-gamma treatment nor VZV infection affected the expression of transferrin receptor (CD71). In situ and Northern blot hybridization of MHC II (MHC class II DR-alpha) RNA expression in response to IFN-gamma stimulation revealed that MBC class II DR-alpha mRNA accumulated in uninfected cells but not in cells infected with VZV. When skin biopsies of varicella lesions were analyzed by in situ hybridization, MHC class II transcripts were detected in areas around lesions but not in cells that were infected with VZV. VZV infection inhibited the expression of Stat 1 alpha and Jak2 proteins but had little effect on Jak1. Analysis of regulatory events in the IFN-gamma signaling pathway showed that VZV infection inhibited transcription of interferon regulatory factor 1 and the MHC class II transactivator. This is the first report that VZV encodes an immunomodulatory function which directly interferes with the IFN-gamma signal transduction via the Jak/Stat pathway and enables the virus to inhibit IFN-gamma induction of cell surface MHC class II expression. This inhibition of MRC class II expression on VZV-infected cells in vivo may transiently protect cells from CD4(+) T-cell immune surveillance, facilitating local virus replication and transmission during the first few days of cutaneous lesion formation. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Arvin, AM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Rm G312, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI20459, R01 AI020459] NR 54 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1900 EP 1907 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.4.1900-1907.2000 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 277XC UT WOS:000084958000036 PM 10644363 ER PT J AU Poddar, SK AF Poddar, SK TI Symmetric vs asymmetric PCR and molecular beacon probe in the detection of a target gene of adenovirus SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; asymmetric PCR; symmetric PCR; fluorescent signal ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; INHIBITORS; VIRUS; WATER AB A DNA fragment (307 bp) from the conserved region of an adenovirus gene (hexon) was amplified by symmetric and by asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two amplifications, one in the absence other in the presence of a molecular beacon probe were conducted by both symmetric and asymmetric PCR. The probe sequence was complementary to an internal segment of the amplified fragment. The product amplified in the absence and presence of the probe was detected by agarose gel and fluorescence analysis, respectively. A symmetric PCR results in exponentially grown double stranded DNA. An asymmetric PCR generates one of the strands by linear amplification and a fraction of its total product as double-stranded DNA limited by the concentration ratio of the primers used. Thus asymmetric PCR provided lower intensity signal hence less sensitivity than symmetric PCR by agarose gel analysis as expected. However, signal from a beacon probe based PCR assay is generated only from the probe fraction that hybridizes successfully competing against the strand complementary to the target strand of the product generated by PCR. The symmetric PCR has so far been used for the molecular beacon based fluorescent signal detection. The present study compared the level of fluorescent signal detectable from a symmetric PCR with that from an asymmetric PCR. The fluorescent data analysis demonstrated that a significant higher level of fluorescent signal hence higher sensitivity of detection is obtainable using asymmetric PCR than symmetric PCR performed in presence of the molecular beacon probe. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis & Pediat Pharmacol, Res Unit PPRU, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Poddar, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Emerging Illness, McClelland Rd & Patterson Rd,Bldg 322,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0278 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 296XY UT WOS:000086053100004 PM 10722789 ER PT S AU Locksley, RH Rice, CB AF Locksley, RH Rice, CB GP IEEE IEEE TI Establishing a program for applying Earned Value Metrics to flight test SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Improving efficiency and decreasing costs are becoming more important as the pressure to procure aircraft weapons systems more quickly and at a lower cost increases. The current tool of choice for tracking program efficiency is Earned Value Management (EVM), which provides indices of cost and schedule performance against an agreed upon baseline for task completion. This paper discusses methods that will be used by the H-1 Upgrades Flight Test Team to implement an EVM scheme to track the efficiency of the flight test program We will define EVM, discuss, compare the merits of existing metrics for flight test, and propose a database management approach. Bounding the problem and expected metrics are discussed. Finally we will present a methodology for uniformly planning for contingencies and unknown-unknowns so as to permit success to be declared within a work package even in the face of technical challenges. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Test & Evaluat Engn Grp, Aircraft Div,Rotary Wing Mission Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Locksley, RH (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Test & Evaluat Engn Grp, Aircraft Div,Rotary Wing Mission Syst Div, 22755 Saufley Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98F UT WOS:000165245400001 ER PT S AU Jahn, S Miller, G AF Jahn, S Miller, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Development and testing of the F/A-18 replacement MIL-STD-1760 umbilical SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The U.S. Navy F/A-18 aircraft currently uses a generic weapon umbilical cable with the new MIL-STD-1760 interface weapons. The existing cable has been shown problematic during weapon separation/integration testing and general fleet use. Modification of the existing cable was not feasible so redesign was required for replacement. The goals of the replacement cable design were to fix the specific problem areas of the existing cable as well as improving overall performance and service life. The service life goals for the umbilical were to be suitable for reuse for at least 25-30 releases. Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) 4.11.2 developed a testing approach for qualification of the umbilical and to credibly assess service performance potential,without specific airborne release tests. The qualification effort is discussed from an overall perspective as well as details of the lightning testing of the connector, static and ejection resting, and captive flight testing of the cable. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Jahn, S (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Hgr 201 Suite 1A,21960 Nickles Rd,Unit 4, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98F UT WOS:000165245400002 ER PT S AU Beale, JK Hess, A AF Beale, JK Hess, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Experiences with A-7E and the AV-8B engine monitoring systems: The good and the ugly SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The A-7E engine monitoring system, (EMS), was designed almost seventeen years ago as a proof of concept system to increase safety and availability, improve reliability and maintainability and to reduce flight hour costs. The system proved so effective that the entire fleet of A-7E's was retrofitted even though it was known that they were going to be retired in seven years. The results were that the accident rate went from an average of eleven per one hundred thousand flight hours to one. The maintenance man-hour per flight hour rate was reduce by 64%. Pilots did not want to fly the airplane without it because of successful in-flight warnings of impending failure. To this day it has been the most successful EMS ever developed. The AV-8B EMS, although designed after the A-7E system, was much less successful. It has been cumbersome to the user and much less effective in performance. It used newer technology but to date has not shown its true potential. There are many reasons for this lack of success with the AV-8B EMS compared to the highly successful A-7E system. These reasons will be explored and documented. New enhancements to the present AV-8B EMS which should very significantly improve system performance, will be presented and discussed. This paper will present the design paths of both systems, explain why one worked so well (The Good) and why one provided minimum benefits and was difficult for the users (The Ugly). This paper will discuss the lessons learned, give specific examples of successes and failures from the benefit perspective, and make recommendations to aid future diagnostic and prognostic systems. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Beale, JK (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000023 ER PT S AU Carico, D Blemel, K AF Carico, D Blemel, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Joint enhanced rotorcraft test and operational capability (JERTOC) for the 21st century SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The JERTOC concept was formulated as one approach to help realize the generic better, faster, cheaper, safer, and smarter criteria applied to test and evaluation (T&E). The JERTOC concept involves testing and evaluating an advanced air vehicle flight test methodology which consist of integrating and validating specific technology programs available in the 21st century. These technology programs focus on aircraft and engine simulation modeling, design, test planning, and rest reporting options to better support acquisition, testing and training in an integrated environment. An initial goal of this program concept is to develop the capability to do analytically in one month what might currently take more than two years of actual air vehicle flight testing. A final goal includes using the capability of a high performance computing (HPC) center to analytically run a helicopter air vehicle test program in one 24 hour period. This advanced capability would not be used to replace actual flight testing, but would be used as a flight test planning tool to help predict flight results, identify potential flight limitations, and improve flight test safety. The initial focus of the JERTOC concept will be on air vehicle model structure validation and on applying collaborative network options to enhance rotorcraft test and evaluation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000025 ER PT S AU Kelley, KK AF Kelley, KK BE Fishell, WG TI Small UAV Initiative SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXIV CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE Small UAV; secretary of the navy; missions; conferences AB The Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Initiative is a project started by Program Executive Officer for Cruise Missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (PEO(CU)) in 1998 to coalesce Government needs and desires to utilize Small UAV systems in various applications. The Initiative commissions semi-annual conferences to provide a forum for interchange of ideas and opportunities among the participants. Interest in Small UAV systems has grown as a result of these conferences and the Secretary of the Navy has commissioned a panel to report on a priority of Small UAV missions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Kelley, KK (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, B-2272,Room 254, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3772-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4127 BP 46 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.408699 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR62B UT WOS:000166962500006 ER PT S AU Fleck, P Calleros, D Madsen, M Trinh, T Hoang, D Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Fleck, P Calleros, D Madsen, M Trinh, T Hoang, D Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Retrogression and reaging of 7075 T6 aluminum alloy SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE Al alloy 7075 T6; mechanical properties; retrogression and reaging AB The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of performing retrogression and reaging (RRA) heat treatments on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in muffle furnaces instead of salt and oil baths. The retrogression temperatures were 180 degrees C, 200 degrees C, 220 degrees C and 240 degrees C. and retrogression times were 5, 10, 15 and 25 minutes. Reaging was performed at 120 degrees C for 24, 36 and 48 hours. Tensile testing, hardness and electrical resistivity measurements were determined. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Fleck, P (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 649 EP 654 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600092 ER PT S AU Parrish, C Barba, J Oh, HM Peraza, J Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Parrish, C Barba, J Oh, HM Peraza, J Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Alternate heat treatments of C458 aluminum lithium alloy SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE 2 step aging; 3 step aging; Al-Li; multiple step aging; thermal processing AB The as-received C458-T861 aluminum-lithium alloy of 12.7 mm thickness had a yield strength range of 418 - 496 MPa, an ultimate strength of 502 - 531 MPa and 10-13% elongation in the longitudinal, transverse and 45 degrees directions. In an attempt to eliminate the 6% stretch process prior to aging and after solution treatment, a series of double, triple and multistep aging treatments were carried out. These included low temperature aging followed by a higher temperature step. The mechanical properties achieved from these thermal processes are compared. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Parrish, C (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 655 EP 661 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600093 ER PT S AU Ikei, C Hollis, E Furman, A Clark, D Chavez, J Huh, P Tilak, R Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Ikei, C Hollis, E Furman, A Clark, D Chavez, J Huh, P Tilak, R Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI The effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties and distortion behavior of 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloy extrusions SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE aging; distortion; extended solution treatment times; solution treatment; stretching; time in a freezer AB One set of 6061 square cross-sectional extrusions were solution treated at 530 degrees C/ 50 minutes and a second set was solution treated at 393 degrees C/ 60 minutes, 449 degrees C/ 60 minutes, 504 degrees C/ 60 minutes, and 560 degrees C/ 120 minutes. Some samples were stretched at 3% and others were not. Two quenching media, 20% polyalkylene glycol and water, were used. The time delay in the freezer after quenching varied. The effect of these variables were studied on the tensile behavior of the samples in the first experiment. A second experiment was performed to evaluate time-related distortion. Extruded 7075 J sections were solution treated, quenched in polyalkylene glycol, and stretched and age hardened. Slots and holes were machined into these sections. Measurements of the distances between holes and between the ends of slots were taken after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 days. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Almex USA Inc, Long Beach, CA 90831 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ikei, C (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 663 EP 668 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600094 ER PT S AU Trinca, M Avalino, A Garmestani, H Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Trinca, M Avalino, A Garmestani, H Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Effect of rolling orientation on the mechanical properties and crystallographic texture of 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE Al-Li; anisotropy; crystallographic texture; off-axis rolling AB As-received sheets of 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy in the F temper of 3.18mm were cut at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees with respect to the rolling direction. The sheets were rolled at 24% reduction in thickness along these three directions after solution treatment and prior to aging. The alloy was solution treated at 507 degrees C/30 minutes and aged at 143 degrees C/36 hours. The mechanical strength and anisotropy significantly increased. The crystallographic texture characteristics of as-received and rolled samples were determined and related to the changes in mechanical properties. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF, Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. FSU, Coll Engn, FAMU, MARTECH,Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Trinca, M (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF, Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 849 EP 854 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600121 ER PT S AU Bowden, D Pokross, C Kaczynski, D London, G AF Bowden, D Pokross, C Kaczynski, D London, G BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Characterization of aluminum-beryllium alloy sheet SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE aluminium beryllium; fatigue; mechanical properties; powder metallurgy AB Aluminum beryllium alloys exhibit the highest specific modulus of any candidate aerospace structural material currently available. Because structural stiffness is a critical design requirement in airframe structure, we have recently conducted a program to identify potential applications for aluminum beryllium alloy sheet, develop processing methods to produce quality material in the sizes necessary for aerospace structure, and characterize the mechanical properties. This payer presents tensile and fatigue test results for binary 62Be-38Al alloy sheet. C1 Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH 43416 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bowden, D (reprint author), Boeing Co, POB 516, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 901 EP 906 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600128 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Smith, TC Kang, HK Knoke, JD AF Gray, GC Smith, TC Kang, HK Knoke, JD TI Are Gulf War veterans suffering war-related illnesses? Federal and civilian hospitalizations examined, June 1991 to December 1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hospitalization; military personnel; Persian Gulf syndrome ID US VETERANS; HEALTH AB A previous epidemiologic study demonstrated no unexplained increase in risk for postwar hospitalization among Gulf War veterans who had remained on active duty. The authors sought to expand this study to include Reserve and separated military personnel. They examined hospitalization data from the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development hospital systems for the years 1991-1994. Since denominator data were not available, the authors compared the proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) of hospitalization discharge diagnoses (both large categories and specific diagnoses) between Gulf War veterans and other veterans of the same era. There were no indications that Gulf War veterans were suffering increased PMRs for infectious diseases; neoplasms; endocrine diseases; blood diseases; skin conditions; or diseases of the nervous system, circulatory system, or musculoskeletal system. However, these veterans did experience proportionally more hospitalizations for various specific diagnoses, namely, fractures and bone and soft-tissue injuries (Department of Defense and California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development), various diseases of the respiratory (including asthma) and digestive systems (VA), and diverse symptom diagnoses (VA). While these findings may be influenced by chance or by a number of potential confounders, including health registry participation, they merit further examination using other study designs. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 271KV UT WOS:000084593500007 PM 10625175 ER PT B AU Davis, CV Ellis, MT AF Davis, CV Ellis, MT GP IEEE IEEE TI A vision of guided weapons ATS standardization - A synergistic, cooperative approach SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Standardization of Automatic Test Systems (ATS) has demonstrated significant cost savings and performance benefits for all armed service branches across a variety of weapons system types. Noticeable by its absence is the application of standard ATS to guided munitions testing This paper reviews the background of guided munitions ATS and examines a vision for its future A future which must address a Performance Based Business Environment (PBBE) pervasive use of Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) equipment and a trend towards manufacturer-as-maintainer under Organizational-to Original Equipment Manufacturer ("O" to "OEM") test and repair structures. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Davis, CV (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 48E000E, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885572 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600009 ER PT B AU Stanfield, S AF Stanfield, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Guided weapons test station upgrade - A cooperative effort with Taiwan SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWC-WD) in cooperation with the Taiwan Chang Shun Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST) has undertaken a product improvement project to upgrade the first generation common munitions tester the Guided Weapons Test Station (GWTS). The GWTS is mostly commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment As such it is subject to component obsolescence. The (PI)-I-3 project replaces obsolete COTS, including the system controller with more supportable hems The project goes further by replacing Compaq/DEC Alpha UNIX with Windows NT/2000. This shift requires an en masse re-host of the GWTS software suite. Re-host is a challenging process, not without risk, but will more closely align the GWTS design with industry standards. Resources expended now will be more than offset by future savings. The GWTS project is not being conducted in a vacuum. Navy project leaders ensure that CSIST management is continually aware of technical and schedule status, and CSIST engineers will join the team. Raytheon, who is exploring options for new common munitions ATE, monitors upgrade progress, and they have invited NAWC-WD participation in trade studies for a future Standard Missile test station. The GWTS upgrade team and Raytheon have mutually benefited from this cooperation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Stanfield, S (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 48E000E,521 9th St, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885574 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600011 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Decker, GA Rule, DW AF Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Decker, GA Rule, DW BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Initial nonintercepting measurements of subpicosecond bunches using coherent diffraction radiation SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB We report initial measurements of the subpicosecond (sub-ps) bunch structure in a 40 MeV linac beam using the autocorrelation of far infrared (FIR) coherent diffraction radiation (CDR). Since the radiation was generated as the charged particles passed through a slit or aperture in a metal screen oriented at 45 degrees to the beam direction, this is a nonintercepting technique. A compact Michelson interferometer was used to obtain the autocorrelation of the backward CDR with a Golay cell used as the FIR-mm wave detector. The longitudinal shape was calculated from the autocorrelation using the minimal phase approximation. A model was developed and used to calculate the CDR spectral emissions. The experimental results, analysis, and model are presented. Complementary measurements were also made with coherent transition radiation (CTR). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 484 EP 492 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700046 ER PT B AU Ng, SJ Boswell, R Claus, SJ Arnold, F Vizzini, A AF Ng, SJ Boswell, R Claus, SJ Arnold, F Vizzini, A BE Loud, S Karbhari, V Adams, DO Strong, AB TI Degree of cure, heat of reaction and viscosity of 8552 and 977-3 HM epoxy resin SO BRIDGING THE CENTURIES WITH SAMPE'S MATERIALS AND PROCESSES TECHNOLOGY, VOL 45, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Bridging the Centuries with SAMPEs Materials and Processes Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Proc Engn DE degree of cure; viscosity; heat of reaction; epoxy resins AB The heat of reaction, degree of cure, and viscosity of Hexcel 8552, and Cytec Fiberite 977-3 HM neat resins were measured using a modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC) and a rheometric digital analyzer (RDA). Expressions were developed using isothermal tests for correlating the rate of degree of cure and the viscosity with the degree of cure using a Lee, Loos, and Springer approach [1]. The models were exercised to predict the kinetic behavior of the resins using respective manufacturer cure cycles. Data were collected and good correlation was found with the model. In addition, kinetic behaviors of these systems were compared to Hercules 3501-6 data. A second study was also performed to investigate cure models developed based on neat and prepreg forms of the resin. Vastly different viscosity behaviors were found indicating further physical insights are necessary to account for fiber/resin content and material properties difference. C1 USN, Polymers & Composite Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20619 USA. RP Ng, SJ (reprint author), USN, Polymers & Composite Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20619 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-86-7 PY 2000 BP 1019 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ88N UT WOS:000089937600092 ER PT J AU Putnam, SD Gray, GC Biedenbach, DJ Jones, RN AF Putnam, SD Gray, GC Biedenbach, DJ Jones, RN TI Pharyngeal colonization prevalence rates for Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae in a respiratory chemoprophylaxis intervention study using azithromycin SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE streptococcal colonization; azithromycin ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN-G; PROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; CLARITHROMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; BENZATHINE; INFECTION; AGENTS AB Objectives A prospective assessment of the pharyngeal colonization prevalence rate for Streptococcus pyrogenes and. Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after an azithromycin chemoprophylaxis intervention clinical trial in a cohort of US Marine Corps trainees, In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for all streptococcal isolates, for azithromycin. penicillin, erythromycin and cefotaxime are reported. Methods Between November 1994 and March 1995, 1108 asymptomatic male US Marine Corps trainees, located in Southern California, were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) weekly oral azithromycin, 500 mg (n = 362); (2) 1.2 MU benzathine penicillin G, intramuscularly once (n = 374); or (3) no chemoprophylaxis (n = 372). Subjects provided both a pre- and post-training pharyngeal culture and microbial analysis was conducted to determine the colonization status of each study subject. Results The pretraining colonization prevalence was 1.2%:, for S, pneumoniae and 2.4% for S. pyogenes There was no statistical difference in pretraining prevalence between the three treatment groups for either organism. Post-training pharyngeal cultures revealed an overall prevalence of 1.1% with no difference between treatment arms. However, the overall post-training prevalence of S. pyogenes colonization increased to 4.8%, with the azithromycin group having significant evidence of protection (0.7%) in comparison with the no-treatment group (8.2%). The Etest method demonstrated no significant difference in the MIC50, MIC90, and MIC ranges between pre- and post-training isolates for any of the tested drugs. Conclusion The use of azithromycin as a chemoprophylactic agent to reduce the colonization and subsequent infection of streptococcal respiratory disease among healthy adult male military recruits may be beneficial. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Putnam, SD (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00001.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311AB UT WOS:000086861000002 PM 11168029 ER PT B AU Blickensderfer, E Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E Baker, DP AF Blickensderfer, E Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E Baker, DP BE Schraagen, JM Chipman, SF Shalin, VL TI Analyzing knowledge requirements in team tasks SO COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS SE EXPERTISE: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-ONR Workshop on Cognitive Task Analysis CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NATO, RTO ID MENTAL MODELS; ELICITING KNOWLEDGE; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Blickensderfer, E (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-3383-8 J9 EXP RES APPL PY 2000 BP 431 EP 447 PG 7 WC Psychology SC Psychology GA BQ36N UT WOS:000088142600027 ER PT J AU Rossi, J Ritchie, GD Nordholm, AF Knechtges, PL Wilson, CL Lin, J Alexander, WK Still, KR AF Rossi, J Ritchie, GD Nordholm, AF Knechtges, PL Wilson, CL Lin, J Alexander, WK Still, KR TI Application of neurobehavioral toxicology methods to the military Deployment Toxicology Assessment Program SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; NEURAL SENSITIZATION; RATS; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; DRUG; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; AMPHETAMINE; SCHEDULES AB The military Tri-Service (Army, Navy & Marines, Air Force) Deployment Toxicology Assessment Program (DTAP) represents a 30-year (1996-2026) planning effort to implement comprehensive systems for the protection of internationally deployed troops against toxicant exposures. A major objective of DTAP is the implementation of a global surveillance system to identify chemicals with the potential to reduce human performance capacity. Implementation requires prior development of complex human risk assessment models, known collectively as the Neurobehavioral Toxicity Evaluation instrument (NTEI), based on mathematical interpolation of results from tissue-based and in vivo animal studies validated by human performance assessment research. The Neurobehavioral Toxicity Assessment Group (NTAC) at the Naval Health Research Center Detachment-Toxicology (NHRC-TD), Dayton, OH, and associated academic institutions are developing and cross-validating cellular-level (NTAS), laboratory small animal (NTAB), nonhuman primate (GASP), and human-based (GASH) toxicity assessment batteries. These batteries will be utilized to develop and evaluate mathematical predictors of human neurobehavioral toxicity, as a function of laboratory performance deficits predicted by quantitative structural analysis relationship (QSAR-like) properties of potential toxicants identified by international surveillance systems. Finally, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and pharmacodynamic (PBPD) modeling of NTAS, NTAB, GASP, GASH data will support multi-organizational development and validation of the NTEI. The validated NTEI tool will represent a complex database management system, integrating global satellite surveillance input to provide real-time decision-making support for deployed military personnel. C1 NTAG, NHRC TD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rossi, J (reprint author), NTAG, NHRC TD, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 113 EP 138 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100106 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100011 PM 10711393 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Williams, K Alexander, W Still, KR AF Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Williams, K Alexander, W Still, KR TI Rapid separation of nitroaromatic compounds by solvating gas chromatography SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID CAPILLARY AB Nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene are used in the production of explosives and munitions, and are environmental contaminants as a result of such use. Conventional methods to detect these compounds have relied on liquid and gas chromatography to isolate the individual compounds which may be present at low levels in complex environmental matrices before final detection and identification. A new method, solvating gas chromatography, was used to rapidly separate 8 nitroaromatic compounds, showing improved speed relative to conventional liquid and gas chromatography methods. Solvating gas chromatography allows near real-time detection for these energetic compounds, providing improvements in their detection as environmental contaminants, and as compounds of interest to law enforcement and military organizations. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Lab Sci, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100108 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100013 PM 10711395 ER PT S AU Lee, FU Sanders, HC George, K Agarwala, VV AF Lee, FU Sanders, HC George, K Agarwala, VV BE Kane, RD TI Environmentally influenced near-threshold fatigue crack growth in 7075-T651 aluminum alloy SO ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED CRACKING: PREDICTIVE METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, AND STRUCTURES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environmentally Assisted Cracking: Predictive Methods for Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Materials, Equipment, and Structures CY NOV 13-15, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Subcomm G01 06 Environm Assist Cracking, NACE Int, Mat Properties Council Inc, Mat Technol Inst Chem Process Ind, European Struct Integr Soc, Elect Power Res Inst DE fatigue; near-threshold fatigue crack growth; stress ratio; vacuum; laboratory air; 3.5% NaCl solution; threshold stress intensity range; maximum stress intensity ID STRESS RATIO; GRAIN-SIZE; BEHAVIOR; CLOSURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PROPAGATION; STEELS AB The near-threshold fatigue crack growth behavior of the 7075-T651 aluminum alloy was studied in laboratory air, vacuum, and an aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution. Results indicate that a rising stress ratio (R) enhanced the near-threshold fatigue crack growth by increasing the crack growth rate (da/dN) and decreasing the threshold stress intensity range (DeltaK(th)) in both laboratory air and aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution. However, the reverse was observed in vacuum. It was also noticed that the near-threshold fatigue crack growth resistance was greatest in vacuum, intermediate in aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution, and lowest in laboratory air. Conversely, the crack growth rate at given values of DeltaK were shown to be greatest in laboratory air, less in 3.5% NaC1 solution, and lowest in vacuum. In both laboratory air and aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution, DeltaK(th) initially decreased with increasing R until a critical stress ratio of R-c = 0.5 was reached, which it then leveled off or decreased slightly. The DeltaK(th) values for these two environments appear to converge at a higher R. On the other hand, in vacuum, the DeltaK(th) increased linearly with increasing R. In addition, at lower R, a greater resistance to near-threshold fatigue crack growth was detected in aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution than in laboratory air. This is presumably attributed to crack closure that has been induced by accumulation of corrosion product in the crack-tip. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Mat Div,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, FU (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Mat Div,Unit 5, Code 4-3-4-2, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2874-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1401 BP 382 EP 393 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BR52A UT WOS:000166706600021 ER PT S AU Van Nevel, AJ AF Van Nevel, AJ BE Casasent, DP Tescher, AG TI Texture classification using level set features SO HYBRID IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hybrid Image and Signal Processing VII CY APR 25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE texture classification; level sets; rotation invariant ID SEGMENTATION AB Texture classification is a deceptively simple problem which allows for a multitude of approaches. Many of these methods often are computationally intensive, since they rely on multiscale filtering to develop a feature vector that can be used as an input to a classifier. In this paper, a new feature vector derived from the level sets of a texture is used to discriminate between textures. The new approach is very simple computationally, and provides excellent results. In addition, use of level sets results in a feature which is rotationally invariant. C1 USN, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3670-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4044 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.391933 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75N UT WOS:000089403600005 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI Method for appraising radar image artifacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID INVERSE PROBLEMS AB Expert systems are typically used to isolate radar image artifacts associated with dispersive and/or multiple target subscatterers. These subjective, methods may overlook subtle image errors like intensity variations of (correctly positioned) image elements. A more objective approach-based on nonlinear Backus-Gilbert theory-shows how some of the traditional weaknesses might be avoided. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, Code 4T4400D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1109/7.826338 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 292JY UT WOS:000085791800032 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI High-temperature strength of sapphire SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; flexure strength; Grafoil; infrared window; dome; thermal shock test ID GROWTH; CRYSTALS AB The Sapphire Statistical Characterization and Risk Reduction (SSCARR) Program tested approximately 1500 4-point flexure bars with different crystal orientations at different temperatures to establish a mechanical strength database for engineering design. Sapphire coupons were selected to represent surfaces on two different missile windows and a missile dome. Sapphire was obtained from the same suppliers used for the windows or dome and, as much as possible, coupons were fabricated in the same manner as the corresponding part of the window or dome. Perhaps the most interesting result was that sapphire from one fabricator was 50% stronger than sapphire made to the same specifications from the same blanks by another fabricator. In laser heating tests, sapphire performed better than predicted from flexure tests. When a compliant layer of graphite was used as a pad between the test specimens and the load fixture, sapphire in which the principal axis of tension and compression was parallel to the c-axis increased in apparent strength by a factor of 2-3. Strengths of other crystal orientations were not significantly affected by the graphite pads, but the incidence of twinning at 883K was reduced by graphite. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T42A0D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.405288 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200003 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF Johnson, LF Moran, MB Pentony, JM Daigneault, SM Tran, D Billman, KW Siahatgar, S AF Nee, SMF Johnson, LF Moran, MB Pentony, JM Daigneault, SM Tran, D Billman, KW Siahatgar, S BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI Optical and surface properties of oxyfluoride glass SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE oxyfluoride glass; refractive index; thermo-optic coefficient; surface topography; transmittance; scattering AB Using conventional materials like fused silica and sapphire for critical window components in a high-power laser system can lead to intolerable thermal distortions and optical path difference (OPD) effects. A new oxyfluoride glass is being developed which has the unique property of possessing a negative thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) in the near- and mid-wave infrared. Specifically, the refractive index (n) of oxyfluoride glass decreases as the temperature increases. The distortions caused by thermal expansion of the glass during laser irradiation are partly offset by the negative dn/dT. This paper specifically addresses optical properties and surface finishing of oxyfluoride glass compared to fused silica. Normarski micrographs and surface profiles were measured to inspect the surface quality since smooth surfaces are essential for suppressing surface scattering and absorption. The refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient were measured using null polarimetry near the Brewster angle. Low dn/dT is required for laser windows. Transmittance spectra were measured to deduce the extinction coefficient by comparing with the transmittance calculated from the refractive index and to screen for unwanted absorption from contaminants including hydrocarbon oils, polishing residue, and water or -OH groups. Total integrated scattering was measured for both surface and bulk scattering. All measurements were done on 1.0- and 1.5-inch-diameter witness samples. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1117/12.405276 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200014 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ TI Independent components of event-related electroencephalographic data SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Salk Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Coconut Grove, FL 33133 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Danish Tech Univ, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PY 2000 SU S MA 32D BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 292UQ UT WOS:000085813800413 ER PT J AU Myers, SA Assink, RA Loy, DA Shea, KJ AF Myers, SA Assink, RA Loy, DA Shea, KJ TI Investigation of the transmission of substituent effects by Si-29 NMR SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED SILICA SOLS; CONDENSATION; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS; POLYCONDENSATION; POLYMERS; MODEL; GELS AB Long range substituent effects on the Si-29 NMR chemical shifts in a series of alkylene- and arylene-bridged triethoxysilanes were observed over as many as 11 bonds. The hydrolysis reaction of an ethoxide caused the resonance of the silicon on the opposing end of the bridging unit to move downfield. The alkylene bridging units ranged from ethylene to octylene while the arylene bridging units included phenyl and biphenyl. Resonance assignments were confirmed by the absence of these shifts for the triethoxysilyl in 1-triphenylsilyl-2-triethoxysilylethane. The magnitude of the downfield shift decreased as the length of the bridging unit between silicon atoms increased. Transmission of the substituent effect along a polymethylene chain was successfully modeled by a through-bond mechanism with an attenuation factor of 1.88 for each methylene unit. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1812, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1812, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-779X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 2 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 PY 2000 IS 3 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1039/a906569e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 290NV UT WOS:000085683000022 ER PT J AU Es-Said, OS Foyos, J Noorani, R Mendelson, M Marloth, R Pregger, BA AF Es-Said, OS Foyos, J Noorani, R Mendelson, M Marloth, R Pregger, BA TI Effect of layer orientation on mechanical properties of rapid prototyped samples SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and impact resistance were found for different layer orientations of ABS rapid prototype solid models. The samples were fabricated by a Stratasys rapid prototyping machine in five different layer orientations. The 0 degrees orientation where layers were deposited along the length of the samples displayed superior strength and impact resistance over all the other orientations. The anisotropic properties were probably caused by weak interlayer bonding and interlayer porosity. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 27 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 107 EP 122 DI 10.1080/10426910008912976 PG 16 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 283VM UT WOS:000085296800007 ER PT S AU Johnson, LF Moran, MB Savrun, E Sarikaya, M Kolega, RR AF Johnson, LF Moran, MB Savrun, E Sarikaya, M Kolega, RR BE Ginley, DS Perkins, JD Kawazoe, H Newns, DM Kozyrev, AB TI IR-transparent electrically conductive CuAlxOx deposited by reactive magnetron co-sputtering SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF NOVEL OXIDE-BASED ELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Novel Oxide-Based Electronics held at the 2000 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB This paper reports on progress in the fabrication of IR-transparent electrically conductive copper aluminum oxide (CuAlxOy) by reactive magnetron co-sputtering from high-purity-Cu and -Al targets in an argon-oxygen-gas mixture. Recent equipment modifications have resulted in much better control of deposition parameters like forward and reflected power and, consequently, much better control of film composition. Applying the correct amount of power to each target and adjusting the oxygen-partial pressure have significantly reduced the growth of surface-oxide layers on the metal targets. Equipment and process improvements have eliminated the sputter-rate inconsistencies and arcing that led to lack of composition control in our earliest films. We now have much better control of film composition and are beginning to understand the relationship between the electro-optical properties and the molecular structure of the films using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy, high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). A pair of weakly intense FTIR absorption bands at 1470 and 1395cm(-1) is present in films that have enhanced electrical conductivity and IR transparency. Understanding the origin of these bands could speed development of CuAlO2 as a wide-bandgap-conductive oxide since these bands are clearly associated with enhanced conductivity and carrier mobility. The best film to date transmits about 80% in the mid-wave IR and has a sheet resistance of 160 Omega /sq. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Johnson, LF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-531-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 623 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BS03D UT WOS:000168381900036 ER PT J AU Graham, WF Hourani, LL Sorenson, D Yuan, HX AF Graham, WF Hourani, LL Sorenson, D Yuan, HX TI Demographic differences in body composition of Navy and Marine corps personnel: Findings from the perception of wellness and readiness assessment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ETHNIC-GROUPS; MASS INDEX; WEIGHT; AGE; OVERWEIGHT; FATNESS; ADULTS; WOMEN; SEX AB With the recent increase in women's representation in the military, baseline physical measurement data are needed to help set appropriate accession and retention standards and to design useful prevention and intervention programs in the areas of physical fitness and health. This study incorporated several body composition indices to obtain anthropometric data for a representative sample of 1,292 active duty Navy and Marine Corps women and men. It also assessed the extent to which personnel met weight-for-height and body fat standards. The prevalence of overweight was considerably lower among Marine Corps women compared with Navy women and was slightly less for Marine Corps men compared with their Navy counterparts. Between one-fifth and one-third of military personnel exceeded Navy/Marine Corps weight-for-height standards. Navy women tended to meet weight standards more often than Navy men. Fewer Marine Corps women than men were overweight, but more exceeded their weight-for-height standards. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Sorenson, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276HE UT WOS:000084871300013 PM 10658431 ER PT S AU Tran, P Yoo, C Garcia, D AF Tran, P Yoo, C Garcia, D BE Pierce, JW TI Quasi phase matched optical parametric amplification: Validity of the rotating wave approximation SO NONLINEAR MATERIALS DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Parametric Amplification; quasi phase match; rotating wave approximation ID AMPLIFIER; BANDWIDTHS; CONVERSION AB The quasi phase-matched Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA) gain formula, within the undepleted pump approximation, is developed with the aid of the Rotating Wave Approximation (RWA). The RWA keeps only the nearly phase-matched terms in the coupled Maxwell's equations for the signal and idler beam. The basis for dropping all the other terms is that they are rapidly oscillating an the length scale over which the nearly phase-matched terms vary appreciably and therefore will average to zero. This permits a closed form solution for the gain formula to be obtained. From the gain formula important quantities such as the spectral, temperature, and angular bandwidth can be calculated. The RWA solution is compared with exact numerical solution. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4120D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3545-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3928 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.379905 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BP95E UT WOS:000086713800012 ER PT S AU Roberts, MJ Herman, WN AF Roberts, MJ Herman, WN BE Bradley, DDC Kippelen, B TI Acentric nonlinear optical films by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices II CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE alternating polyelectrolyte deposition; layer-by-layer deposition; second order nonlinear optics; electro-optic active material ID POLYMER; POLYANION AB Alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) is a room temperature process that can produce noncentrosymmetric ordered films of nonlinear optical polymers (NLOP). Previous studies using a stilbazolium-substituted polyepichlorohydrin (SPECH) as the NLO-active polycation exhibited a saturation of the SHG signal independent of the number of deposited layers. This saturation effect was thought to be due a change in the charge density in the outermost layers. The charge density is the main driving force for chromophore alignment. In this study, NLO-inactive spacer layers were used to regenerate the charge density before continuing with deposition of NLO-active layers. The overall SHG signal from these 'multi-deck sandwich' films was higher than previously obtainable with SPECH as the NLO-active material. The surface morphology, roughness, and film thickness have been characterized by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy (TM AFM). C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3556-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3939 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1117/12.386379 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ35U UT WOS:000088117700025 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Lee, RRY Verdi, JS Carvalho, RM Yankovich, SP AF Kersten, PR Lee, RRY Verdi, JS Carvalho, RM Yankovich, SP BE Whalen, T TI Segmenting SAR images using fuzzy clustering SO PEACHFUZZ 2000 : 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY - NAFIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUL 13-15, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc ID POLARIMETRIC SAR; CLASSIFICATION AB Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images have great potential for land use management provided the images can be efficiently segmented. Clustering is one segmentation technique currently being explored. This paper compares two different fuzzy clustering techniques on SAR images that minimize two different objective functions. Examples of both methods are presented and future efforts to improve both results discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6274-8 PY 2000 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2000.877398 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ89L UT WOS:000089942800019 ER PT J AU Smooke, MD Yetter, RA Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM AF Smooke, MD Yetter, RA Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM TI Experimental and modeling studies of two-dimensional ammonium perchlorate diffusion flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2000 CL UNIV EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND HO UNIV EDINBURGH ID COMBUSTION; GASES; CO AB We investigated two-dimensional axisymmetric diffusion flames in which the surface decomposition products of ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion provided the coflow for a methane fuel stream. The two-dimensional problem was solved using the fully elliptic formulation of the governing equations. By utilizing recent developments in hydrocarbon, chlorine, NOx, and AP kinetics, we formulated a detailed transport, finite rate chemistry system for the temperature, velocities, vorticity, and species mass fractions of the combined flame system. We compared the results of this model with a series of experimental measurements in which the temperature was measured with OH rotational population distribution, and the transient species OH, CN, and NH were measured with planar laser-induced fluorescence and emission spectroscopy. The kinetic mechanism, previously validated in one-dimensional experiments, was found to give good results in two-dimensional model when compared with the experiments. The two-dimensional model can be used to understand the effects of solid propellant heterogeneity on combustion zone microstructure and the location and structure of heat release zones that control the propellant ballistic properties. It is a first step in developing computer codes that can a priori predict propellant ballistic behavior via modeling, thereby partially supplanting expensive physical formulation and testing. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Smooke, MD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2000 VL 28 BP 839 EP 846 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 451HQ UT WOS:000169795900103 ER PT J AU Ernst, LF Dryer, FL Yetter, RA Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM AF Ernst, LF Dryer, FL Yetter, RA Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM TI Aluminum droplet combustion in fluorine and mixed oxygen/fluorine containing environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2000 CL UNIV EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND HO UNIV EDINBURGH AB Experimental and numerical results are reported on the combustion of single aluminum (Al) droplets, 187 mum diameter, that were laser ignited in quiescent environments of SF(6) and SF(6)/O(2) or Ar mixtured. Combustion measurements consisted of luminosity versus time traces, photographic observations, and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and electron microscope inspection of condensed-phase products of combustion surrounding burn-intercepted droplets. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was employed to image the gaseous intermediate reaction species AlO during droplet combustion in SF(6)/O(2) mixtures. Aluminum droplets burning in pure SF(6) burned without condensed-phase products in the surrounding envelope flames. Accordingly, no condensed-phase products were found on surfaces of droplets captured by quenching into an inert environment. In SF(6), classical d(2) law burning behavior was observed. Droplets burned in SF(6)/Ar mixtures exhibited similar behavior, with diminished burning rates. Disruptive burning was not observed for pure SF(6) or any of the SF(6)/Ar mixtures. Condensed-phase deposits on quench plates intercepting burning droplets showed the surrounding gaseous flame structure to consist of two zones for burning in SF(6) and three zones in SF(6)/O(2) mixtures. For each system, near the surface where the gas phase was aluminum rich, significant amounts of sulfur were found in the condensed products. PLIF showed the species profile of AlO to shift closer to the surface with increasing fluorine content in SF(6)/O(2) mixtures. Experimental results were compared with a local equilibrium combustion model. The model predicted burn rates within 20% and qualitatively predicted radial profile speciation. As the O/F ratio was increased, the final equilibrium products were predicted to shift from AlF(3) to AlF(2)O to Al(2)O(3). The formation of Alf(2)O reduced condensed-phase products at the reaction temperature for a wide range of O/F ratios. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Combust Diagnost Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Ernst, LF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2000 VL 28 BP 871 EP 878 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 451HQ UT WOS:000169795900107 ER PT J AU Smooke, MD Yetter, RA Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Tanoff, MA Colket, MB Hall, RJ AF Smooke, MD Yetter, RA Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Tanoff, MA Colket, MB Hall, RJ TI Computational and experimental study of ammonium perchlorate/ethylene counterflow diffusion flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2000 CL UNIV EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND HO UNIV EDINBURGH ID SOOT AB Mie investigated the modeling of counterflow diffusion flames in which the products of ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion were counterflowed against an ethylene fuel stream. The hvo-dimensional problem can be reduced to a one-dimensional boundary value problem along the stagnation point streamline through the introduction of a similarity transformation. By utilizing recent developments in hydrocarbon, chlorine, NO, and AP kinetics, we formulated a detailed transport, finite-rate chemistry system for the temperature, velocity, and species mass fractions of the combined flame system. A detailed soot model is included which can predict soot volume fractions as a function of the strain rate and the fuel mole fraction. We compare the results of this model with a series of experimental measurements in which the temperature was measured with radiation-corrected thermocouples and OH rotational population distribution; several important species were measured with planar laser-induced fluorescence, UV-visible absorption, and Raman spectroscopies; and the soot volume fraction was measured with laser-induced incandescence and visible absorption spectroscopy. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Weapon Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. WK Kellogg Inst, Battle Creek, MI 49016 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Smooke, MD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2000 VL 28 BP 2013 EP 2020 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 452QN UT WOS:000169870400067 ER PT S AU John, HJ Alamo, MF AF John, HJ Alamo, MF BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI High-strain rate testing of HMX-based explosive SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to measure the mechanical behavior of Navy explosive PBXC-129 (a high-solids-loaded explosive material) with strain rates up to similar to 3500 s(-1). The PBXC-129's high-strain response is typical of other explosive and propellant behavior. At higher strain rates, the PBXC-129 shows significant stiffening with a possible reaction. Stress-strain curves and material properties for PBXC-129 are presented in this paper. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP John, HJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, 1 Adm Circle,Code 478400D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 679 EP 682 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600157 ER PT S AU Davis, JJ Woody, DL Miller, PJ AF Davis, JJ Woody, DL Miller, PJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock and impact initiation of a porous incendiary material SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB In order to better understand the deformation - initiation process, experiments have been performed in which an energetic composition containing KClO4 and Al/Mg was impact tested via gas gun at velocities ranging from 0.33 - 0.98 mm/mu s at two densities: 84 and 70% TMD. An investigation of the importance of sample thickness was conducted with the 84% TMD samples. These tests used the observation of visible light emission as indication of reaction. This series of experiments complements a prior series in which PVDF pressure gauges were used to determine reaction threshold as well as the inert Hugoniot for this material. As expected, the light method determined a lower initiation threshold than the gauge work. C1 USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Ctr, Engn Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Ctr, Engn Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 771 EP 774 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600179 ER PT S AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT BE Abbott, D Kish, LB TI Non-Markovian stochastic processes SO UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations (UPoN 99) CY JUL 12-15, 1999 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Electron Devoces Soc, Inst Phys, US Off Naval Res, USAF Res Labs, Ctr Biomed Engn, Adelaide, Natl Inst Theoret Phys, Dept Ind Sci & Resources Australia, Defence Sci & Technol Org, Inst Engineers, Australia ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS CANNOT; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN; STATE; NOISE AB New perspectives on non-Markovian stochastic process theory are provided by recent work on the question of whether quantum mechanical measurement statistics can be modeled as a self-consistent stochastic process. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Div 4t4400D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Div 4t4400D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-826-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 511 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BP98J UT WOS:000086805200005 ER PT J AU Le Sage, GP Cowan, TE Fiorito, RB Rule, DW AF Le Sage, G. P. Cowan, T. E. Fiorito, R. B. Rule, D. W. TI Transverse phase space mapping of relativistic electron beams using optical transition radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Optical transition radiation (OTR) has proven to be a versatile and effective diagnostic for measuring the profile, divergence, and emittance of relativistic electron beams with a wide range of parameters. Diagnosis of the divergence of modern high brightness beams is especially well suited to OTR interference (OTRI) techniques, where multiple dielectric or metal foils are used to generate a spatially coherent interference pattern. Theoretical analysis of measured OTR and OTRI patterns allows precise measurement of electron beam emittance characteristics. Here we describe an extension of this technique to allow mapping of divergence characteristics as a function of transverse coordinates within a measured beam. We present the first experimental analysis of the transverse phase space of an electron beam using all optical techniques. Comparing an optically masked portion of the beam to the entire beam, we measure different angular spread and average direction of the particles. Direct measurement of the phase-space ellipse tilt angle has been demonstrated using this optical masking technique. C1 [Le Sage, G. P.; Cowan, T. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fiorito, R. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Rule, D. W.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Le Sage, GP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X FU U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We would like to acknowledge the expert assistance of G. G. Anderson, R. P. Hall, and W. S. Patterson in fielding these experiments. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC 20 PY 1999 VL 2 IS 12 AR 122802 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V38AX UT WOS:000209317400001 ER PT J AU Dlugosz, LJ Hocter, WJ Kaiser, KS Knoke, JD Heller, JM Hamid, NA Reed, RJ Kendler, KS Gray, GC AF Dlugosz, LJ Hocter, WJ Kaiser, KS Knoke, JD Heller, JM Hamid, NA Reed, RJ Kendler, KS Gray, GC TI Risk factors for mental disorder hospitalization after the Persian Gulf War: US Armed Forces, June 1, 1991-September 30, 1993 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mental disorders; Persian Gulf syndrome; incidence studies; hospitalization; combat disorders; medical records ID VIETNAM VETERANS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; STRESS DISORDER; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; SERVICE; COMBAT; BLACK; PTSD AB Effects of Persian Gulf War (August 2, 1990-luly 31, 1991) and Gulf War occupation on post-War hospitalization risk were evaluated through Cox proportional hazards modeling. Active-duty men (n = 1,775,236) and women (n = 209,760) in the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps had 30,539 initial postwar hospitalizations for mental disorders between June 1, 1991 and September 30, 1993. Principal diagnoses in the Defense Manpower Data Center hospitalization database were grouped into 10 categories of ICD-9-CM codes. Gulf War service was associated with significantly greater risk for acute reactions to stress and lower risk for personality disorders and adjustment reactions among men. Personnel who served in ground war support occupations (men and women) were at greater risk for postwar drug-related disorders. Men who served in ground war combat occupations were at higher risk for alcohol-related disorders. Longitudinal studies of health, hospitalization, and exposure beginning at recruitment are needed to better understand how exposure to combat affects the mental health of military personnel. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1267 EP 1278 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00131-6 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 258AZ UT WOS:000083817000018 PM 10580791 ER PT J AU Elson, JM Tran, P AF Elson, JM Tran, P TI R-matrix propagator with perfectly matched layers for the study of integrated optical components SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PHOTONIC MEDIA; DIFFRACTION; ABSORPTION; DISPERSION; GRATINGS AB The perfectly matched layer boundary conditions are incorporated into the R-matrix propagator method to achieve an extended capability for the modeling of integrated optical devices. As examples, with this technique we calculate the free-space coupling of a Gaussian beam into a planar waveguide, both with and without surface roughness on the waveguide surface. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)00112-X]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Computat Sci Div,Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Computat Sci Div,Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2983 EP 2989 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002983 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347WH UT WOS:000088951800019 ER PT J AU Almeida, SA Trone, DW Leone, DM Shaffer, RA Patheal, SL Long, K AF Almeida, SA Trone, DW Leone, DM Shaffer, RA Patheal, SL Long, K TI Gender differences in musculoskeletal injury rates: a function of symptom reporting? SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; physical conditioning; training; US Marine Corps recruits; active surveillance ID LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; OVERUSE INJURIES; EXERCISE; RUNNERS; SPORTS; RISKS; HYPOTHESES; HEALTH AB Purpose: This study determined gender differences in voluntary reporting of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries among U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) recruits, and it examined the association between these differences and the higher injury rates typically found among women trainees. Methods: Subjects were 176 male and 241 female enlisted USMC recruits who were followed prospectively through 11 wk (men) and 12 wk (women) of boot camp training. Reported injuries were measured by medical record reviews. Unreported injuries were determined by a questionnaire and a medical examination administered at the completion of training. Results: Among female recruits the most commonly reported injuries were patellofemoral syndrome (10.0% of subjects), ankle sprain (9.1%), and iliotibial band syndrome (5.8%); the most common unreported injuries were patellofemoral syndrome (2.1%), metatarsalgia(1.7%), and unspecified knee pain (1.7%). Among male recruits iliotibial band syndrome (4.0% of subjects), ankle sprain (2.8%), and Achilles tendinitis/bursitis (2.8%) were the most frequently reported injuries: shin splints (4.6%). iliotibial band syndrome (4.0%), and ankle sprain (2.8%) were the most common unreported diagnoses. Female recruits were more likely to have a reported injury than male recruits (44.0%) vs 25.6%, relative risk (RR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CT) 1.29-2.30), but they were less Likely to have an unreported injury (11.6% vs 23.9% RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.75). When both reported and unreported injuries were measured, total injury rates were high for both sexes (53.5% women, 45.5% men, RR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.96-1.44), but the difference between the rates was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the higher injury rates often found in female military trainees may be explained by gender differences in symptom reporting. C1 USN, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Almeida, SA (reprint author), USN, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 33 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1807 EP 1812 DI 10.1097/00005768-199912000-00017 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 265MC UT WOS:000084247100017 PM 10613432 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Warrack, G Coben, PA AF Hourani, LL Warrack, G Coben, PA TI A demographic analysis of suicide among US navy personnel SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 09-12, 1996 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; MORTALITY; MILITARY; UNEMPLOYMENT; DEATH AB Age-, sex-, race-, and employment-adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for sailors committing suicide between 1990 and 1996 and compared with adjusted SMRs for civilians. Cluster analyses were conducted on annual rates from 1983 through 1995 to examine differences between comparison groups across time and location. Results showed fewer than expected suicides for Caucasian and African American males and a somewhat higher than expected suicide rate among other ethnic group males and among Caucasian women. The suicide rate showed an increase during the study period, with some evidence toward a clustering effect in time and space. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Scih, Div Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Scih, Div Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 365 EP 375 PG 11 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 271UC UT WOS:000084611000008 PM 10636330 ER PT J AU Farahmand, K Kaufman, JW AF Farahmand, K Kaufman, JW TI Nasal heat probe to measure nasal cavity heat and water vapor transport SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Farahmand, K (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 70 IS 11 BP 1139 EP 1139 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 251KP UT WOS:000083445100015 PM 10608614 ER PT J AU Natishan, PM Jones-Meehan, J Loeb, GI Little, BJ Ray, R Beard, M AF Natishan, PM Jones-Meehan, J Loeb, GI Little, BJ Ray, R Beard, M TI Corrosion behavior of some transition metals and 4340 steel metals exposed to sulfate-reducing bacteria SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE chromium; environmental scanning electron; microscopy; microbiologically influenced corrosion; molybdenum; niobium; sulfate-reducing bacteria; steel; tantalum; tungsten; type 4340 steel; zirconium ID MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION AB Microbial colonization of metals (zirconium chromium, niobium tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and type 4340 steel [UNS G43400]) and susceptibility of these metals to microbiologically influenced corrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated Environmental scanning electron microscopy characterization after 12 months and 21 months showed patchy biofilms on all metals except tungsten. Weight loss after 24 months for zirconium and niobium were either nonexistent or negligible, indicating that these metals did not experience MIC under the test conditions. C1 American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6134,Bldg 3,Room 272, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1062 EP 1068 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 260XZ UT WOS:000083979900007 ER PT J AU McNeill, KM Hendrix, RM Lindner, JL Benton, FR Monteith, SC Tuchscherer, MA Gray, GC Gaydos, JC AF McNeill, KM Hendrix, RM Lindner, JL Benton, FR Monteith, SC Tuchscherer, MA Gray, GC Gaydos, JC TI Large, persistent epidemic of adenovirus type 4-associated acute respiratory disease in US army trainees SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In May 1997, a large, persistent epidemic of adenovirus type 4-associated acute respiratory disease began at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, the largest army basic training center. The epidemic lasted until December and declined when vaccine administration resumed. More than 1,000 male and female trainees were hospitalized; 66.1% of those hospitalized had an adenovirus type 4 isolate. C1 Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC USA. Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Ft Jackson, SC USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Syst, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP McNeill, KM (reprint author), Catawba Hlth Dist, POB 817, Lancaster, SC 29721 USA. NR 6 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 798 EP 801 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100009 PM 10603214 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Holtz, RL Lee, EU AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Holtz, RL Lee, EU TI Analysis of overload effects and related phenomena SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials II CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP Engn Fdn, USN, USAF DE fatigue; threshold; K-max; overload; crack closure; residual stress ID FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; ALLOY AB Overloads and underloads perturb steady state fatigue crack growth conditions and affect the growth rates by retarding or accelerating the growth. Clear understanding of these transient effects is important for the reliable life prediction of a component subjected to random loads. The overload effects have predominately been attributed to either plasticity induced crack closure behind the crack tip, residual stresses ahead of the crack tip, or a combination of both. These effects are critically examined in the context of the Unified Approach proposed by the authors. Recent experimental and analytical evaluation of crack closure has confirmed its negligible contribution to crack growth and has demonstrated that changes in the stresses ahead of the crack tip are more important than closure behind the crack tip. It is shown that the overload effects and other transient effects arise due to perturbation of the stresses ahead of the crack tip, and these can be accounted for by the two parametric approach emphasized in the unified theory. It is shown that related phenomena including the role of K-max the existence of propagation threshold K-pr, and effects of overloads on K-pr and K-max etc, are all accounted for by the Unified Approach. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV PY 1999 VL 21 SU S BP S233 EP S246 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 263MN UT WOS:000084128600025 ER PT J AU Ready, WJ Turbini, LJ Nickel, R Fischer, J AF Ready, WJ Turbini, LJ Nickel, R Fischer, J TI A novel test circuit for automatically detecting electrochemical migration and conductive anodic filament formation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 128th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Min, Met & Mat Soc DE conductive anodic filament formation (CAF) electrochemical migration (ECM); surface insulation resistance (SIR); reliability; dendrite AB The rapid growth of the global electronics manufacture environment has brought about the onset of a variety of new, untested materials and processing chemicals. The interactions between substrates and processing chemicals that can occur during manufacture, storage and use must be assessed in order to determine long-term reliability. Surface insulation resistance (SIR) testing is a standard industry technique used to assess the interactions between processing chemicals (e.g., soldering fluxes) and substrates. SIR test method conditions vary in terms of the temperature and the humidity used to accelerate the normal failure modes. Typically, a 45 to 50 volt bias is applied to an interdigitated comb pattern, and periodic SIR measurements are made using a 100 volt test. Pass/fail criteria based solely on SIR electrical values, (e.g., 100 M Ohm) however are inadequate. Often the electrical measurement fails to reveal the presence of surface dendrites due to contaminants related to processing chemicals. This failure occurs because the dendrite burns out between electrical readings when the circuit continues to be biased at 50 volts. A new "linear test circuit" has been developed to overcome this deficiency. The circuit uses an operational amplifier to detect the formation of a surface dendrite between electrodes on the comb pattern. When the dendrite shorts the circuit, voltage to the comb pattern is removed. Thus, the presence of the dendrite is captured electrically, and the dendrite is preserved for further analysis. This paper will present the circuit used and data showing its' effectiveness at detecting both surface dendrites and subsurface conductive anodic filament formation. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Ready, WJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 778 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1158 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0151-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 255DH UT WOS:000083653900004 ER PT J AU Chao, WH Askew, EW Roberts, DE Wood, SM Perkins, JB AF Chao, WH Askew, EW Roberts, DE Wood, SM Perkins, JB TI Oxidative stress in humans during work at moderate altitude SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; indicators of oxidative stress; antioxidants; breath pentane; exercise; altitude; cold; military rations; humans ID FREE-RADICALS; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE; DAMAGE; ANTIOXIDANTS; ASSAY AB Increased oxidative stress has been associated with work at high altitude; however, it is not known whether oxidative stress is a significant problem at moderate altitudes. The oxidative stress indicators, breath pentane (BP), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxides (LPO) were measured in breath, blood and urine samples of U.S. Marines engaged in moderate altitude (similar to 3000 m) cold weather field training. The test subjects were divided into a placebo and four antioxidant supplement groups (n = 15/group) and received the following supplements for 28 d: 1) vitamin E, 440 alpha-tocopherol equivalents (alpha-TE); 2) vitamin A, 2000 retinol equivalents (RE) of beta-carotene; 3) vitamin C, 500 mg ascorbic acid; 4) a mixture of 440 alpha-TE, 2000 RE of beta-carotene, 500 mg ascorbic acid, 100 mu g selenium and 30 mg zinc daily. Strenuous work (similar to 23 MJ/d) in cold weather at moderate altitude was accompanied by increases in several indicators of oxidative stress that were not effectively controlled by conventional antioxidant supplements. The group receiving the antioxidant mixture exhibited lower BP (P < 0.05) compared with those receiving single antioxidant supplements; however, not all markers of oxidative stress responded like BP. Because these markers did not respond in the same manner, it is important to include markers from more than one source to assess the effect of supplemental dietary antioxidants. C1 Univ Utah, Div Foods & Nutr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Human Performance, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH 43219 USA. DataChem Labs Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84123 USA. RP Askew, EW (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Foods & Nutr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 129 IS 11 BP 2009 EP 2012 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 251YA UT WOS:000083472900013 PM 10539777 ER PT J AU Atwood, AI Boggs, TL Curran, PO Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Price, CF Wiknich, J AF Atwood, AI Boggs, TL Curran, PO Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Price, CF Wiknich, J TI Burning rate of solid propellant ingredients, Part 1: Pressure and initial temperature effects SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Burning rate data are presented with respect to initial temperature and pressure for three compounds that are currently used in propellant and explosive formulations. The dependence of burning rate on initial temperature and pressure is presented for ammonium perchlorate (AP), HMX, and RDX, Data for ingredients being considered for advanced propellants, such as CL-20, ammonium dinitramide (ADN), and hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) are also presented and compared to the more traditional compounds. These ingredients are all capable of self-deflagration, and their behavior often controls the behavior of the propellants in which they are the main ingredients. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Syst Engn T&E Dept, Ridgecrest, CA 93555 USA. RP Atwood, AI (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Weap Div, Code 4T4310D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 17 TC 68 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 740 EP 747 DI 10.2514/2.5522 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 262XU UT WOS:000084094200003 ER PT J AU Atwood, AI Boggs, TL Curran, PO Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Price, CF Wiknich, J AF Atwood, AI Boggs, TL Curran, PO Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Price, CF Wiknich, J TI Burning rate of solid propellant ingredients, Part 2: Determination of burning rate temperature sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Once the burning rate as a function of initial temperature has been measured for a particular material, it is often desirable to report its burning rate temperature sensitivity as a single value that can then be used in other applications. A few of the obstacles encountered when making the determination of burning rate temperature sensitivity, sigma(p), are examined. Burning rate temperature sensitivity was evaluated for the neat ingredients AP, HMX, RDX, ADN, CL-20, and HNF. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Engn Sci Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Syst Engn T&E Dept, Ridgecrest, CA 93555 USA. RP Atwood, AI (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Code 4T4310D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 748 EP 752 DI 10.2514/2.5523 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 262XU UT WOS:000084094200004 ER PT J AU Louwers, J Gadiot, GMHJL Brewster, MQ Son, SF Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D AF Louwers, J Gadiot, GMHJL Brewster, MQ Son, SF Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D TI Steady-state hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) combustion modeling SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PROPELLANTS AB Two simplified modeling approaches are used to model the combustion of hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF), N2H5. C(NO2)(3). The condensed phase is treated by high-activation-energy asymptotics. The gas phase is treated by two limit cases: the classical high-activation-energy approximation and the recently introduced low-activation-energy approach. This results in simplification of the gas-phase energy equation, making an (approximate) analytical solution possible. The results of both models are compared with experimental results of HNF combustion. It is shown that the low-activation-energy approach yields better agreement with experimental observations, for example, regression rate and temperature sensitivity, than the high-activation-energy approach. C1 TNO, Prins Maurits Lab, Res Grp Rocket Technol, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Louwers, J (reprint author), TNO, Prins Maurits Lab, Res Grp Rocket Technol, POB 45, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands. OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 772 EP 777 DI 10.2514/2.5495 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 262XU UT WOS:000084094200008 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Tasker, SA Gilcrest, JL Louder, MK Barile, A VanCott, TC Vahey, MT McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Richman, DD Mascola, JR AF Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Tasker, SA Gilcrest, JL Louder, MK Barile, A VanCott, TC Vahey, MT McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Richman, DD Mascola, JR TI Drug resistance patterns, genetic subtypes, clinical features, and risk factors in military personnel with HIV-1 seroconversion SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology, molecular; drug resistance, microbial; human immunodeficiency virus; human immunodeficiency virus infections; anti-HIV agents ID TYPE-1 SUBTYPE; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; SENSITIVITY; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; THERAPY; PLASMA AB Background: Regular testing of military personnel identifies early HIV infection; this identification provides a sentinel cohort in which to describe the evolving molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 transmission. Objective: To describe the prevalence and epidemiologic correlates associated with the acquisition of non-subtype B and drug-resistant HIV infections. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Military referral hospital. Patients: 95 military personnel with HIV-1 seroconversion. Measurements: Self-reported questionnaire, CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, and nucleic acid sequence analysis for drug-resistant mutations and HIV-1 genetic subtype. Results: 95 patients were enrolled between February 1997 and February 1998. The likely geographic location of HIV-1 acquisition was overseas in 8% of patients, the United States in 68%, and either overseas or the United States in 24%. Seven patients (7.4%) had subtype E infection; the remainder had subtype B infection. Eight of 31 (26%) treatment-naive patients had mutations in the reverse transcriptase or protease gene associated with drug resistance. Conclusions: The percentage of HIV-1 non-subtype B infection and antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations was relatively high in U.S. military personnel with recently acquired HIV-1 infection. C1 San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27670, AI 36214, AI 38858] NR 20 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 7 BP 502 EP + PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243VU UT WOS:000083018800003 PM 10507958 ER PT J AU Sheehy, JB AF Sheehy, JB TI Draft ANSI standard for the evaluation of laser eye protection SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The first commercially available laser eye protection was based on absorptive technology. As the name implies, the incident energy is absorbed and then dissipated as heat. Product testing consisted of assessing the optical properties of the eyewear (optical power, haze, distortion, abrasion resistance, etc.), optical density, potential for saturable absorption, and damage threshold. Common of absorptive technologies, the absorption bandwidth was broad with considerable secondary absorption. The unwanted absorption resulted in low transmittance and high spectral distortion. As the usage of lasers spread and the number of possible wavelengths increased, R&D efforts in multiwavelength laser eye protection expanded to explore alternative filter technologies such as holograms or dielectric stacks. The dielectric equivalent of the early neodymium protection had 80% transmittance as opposed to the 45% of the absorptive eyewear. The angular sensitivity, however, required that the bandwidth increased to prevent the filter from shifting off the critical wavelength for off-axis exposures. This new type of eye protection dramatically increased the demands and rigor of performance testing. No longer could one assess just the critical area. Now the required angular protection had to be determined. The required angular coverage was a function of the eye relief, pupil diameter, range of eye movements, and range of interpupillary distances. If the filter is eye centered, and as implied, alignment and fit critical, then one also needs to determine how the filter performs as misalignment is introduced. The safety zone and fit parameters determine the number of points and angular coverage at each point which must be measured to assess the protection offered. This is all in addition to the standard optical tests required to certify a product. Depending on the number of wavelengths, filter complexity, and surface area the time and cost of testing can increase dramatically. (C) 1999 Laser Institute of America. [S1042-346X(99)00805-0]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sheehy, JB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 5 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 243XD UT WOS:000083022000009 ER PT J AU Blood, CG Walker, GJ AF Blood, CG Walker, GJ TI The patient flow of marine disease and nonbattle injury conditions within a multi-echelon system of care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATIONS; CASUALTY; RATES AB Hospitalization data were extracted for Marines who incurred disease and nonbattle injuries in Vietnam from 1965 through 1969, and the inter-echelon movement of each patient who was hospitalized at an echelon II or III facility was tracked until the treatment was completed or until the patient was moved to a continental U.S. facility. The inter-echelon flow of treatment for different types of diagnosis categories was also examined. Results showed that approximately three-fourths of the patients admitted to echelon II or III facilities had no further treatment recorded at a higher echelon of care. Less than one-fifth of the patients required treatment at an echelon IV or echelon V facility. Of the major diagnostic categories, those with infective or parasitic diseases had the lowest percentage of patients treated at echelon IV or V facilities. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Blood, CG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 164 IS 10 BP 731 EP 736 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246GC UT WOS:000083155200014 ER PT J AU Kao, WY Liu, QY Ma, W Ritchie, GD Lin, J Nordholm, AF Rossi, J Barker, JL Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Kao, WY Liu, QY Ma, W Ritchie, GD Lin, J Nordholm, AF Rossi, J Barker, JL Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Inhibition of spontaneous GABAergic transmission by trimethylolpropane phosphate SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GABA; hippocampal neuron; inhibitory post-synaptic current; lubricant; seizure; whole-cell patch clamp ID CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; ESTER TURBINE LUBRICANTS; POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENTS; NEUROTOXIN FORMATION; PYRAMIDAL CELLS; GABA RELEASE; RAT; RECEPTOR; BRAIN; ORGANOPHOSPHATES AB Trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) is a neuroactive organophosphate generated during partial pyrolysis of a synthetic ester turbine engine lubricant, While TMPP had been shown to have little affinity for acetylcholinesterase, previous binding studies and Cl-36(-) flux measurements have implicated TMPP as an antagonist of GABA(A) receptor/Cl- channels. Using the whole-cell patch clamp method, spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) mediated by bicuculline-sensitive GABA(A) receptors were measured in neurons cultured from the rat embryonic hippocamapus for 13-21 days. Experiments were conducted in the presence of tetrodotoxin and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline to inhibit spontaneous presynaptic action potentials and glutamate transmission, respectively, thus isolating GABAergic sPSCs for study TMPP induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of sIPSC amplitude and frequency suggesting both postsynaptic and presynaptic actions. Administration of 5 mu M TMPP reversibly diminished sIPSC amplitude by 23 +/- 8% (mean SEM, n=5 cells) while markedly decreasing the mean sIPSC frequency by 40 +/- 2% (n=5). The mean time constant of sIPSC decay was reversibly decreased by 20 +/- 4% (n=3) in the presence of 20 mu M TMPP: suggesting an increase in the rate of inactivation. To directly verify the blockade of ionotropic GABA receptors by TMPP, the effects of TMPP were examined on whole-cell Cl- current responses activated by exogenous GABA. Administration of TMPP (5 mu M) depressed peak whole-cell GABA-induced currents to 73 1% (n=4) of control levels, consistent with the results on sIPSC amplitude. Our data directly demonstrate that TMPP directly inhibits GABA, receptor function, as indicated by the blockade of whole-cell GABA-mediated Cl- current and the reduction in sIPSC amplitude. Furthermore, TMPP exerts a presynaptic effect on GABAergic transmission, as evidenced by the reduction in sIPSC frequency which may be independent of a GABA(A) receptor. The molecular basis for the presynaptic action of TMPP remains to be elucidated. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Toxicol Deployment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 843 EP 849 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 259XX UT WOS:000083920200018 PM 10591520 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Kassira, EN Rodier, GR Myers, MC Gregory, M Ahmed, M Botros, BAM Soliman, AK Hassan, NF Arunkumar, BK Hyams, KC Calamaio, CA Kamal, K Gregory, R Cope, A AF Gray, GC Kassira, EN Rodier, GR Myers, MC Gregory, M Ahmed, M Botros, BAM Soliman, AK Hassan, NF Arunkumar, BK Hyams, KC Calamaio, CA Kamal, K Gregory, R Cope, A TI Remote village survey for agents causing hepatosplenic disease in the Republic of Yemen SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMIASIS-MANSONI; HEPATITIS-C; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; ELISA AB The objective of this study was to epidemiologically describe potential infectious agents among rural people in the Republic of Yemen. This would aid clinicians in designing empirical therapy and public health officials in planning disease prevention. We sought to examine evidence for the geographical distribution of pathogens causing human hepatic and splenic disease among villagers and domestic animals living in three remote areas with differing altitudes. In June 1992, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at three survey sites of differing altitudes: 3080, 1440 and 250 m above sea level. Questionnaires, parasitic and serological tests were administered to 627 human volunteers. Additionally 317 domestic animals were studied. Malaria, schistosomiasis, and hepatitis B and C infections were found to be likely causes of human hepatic or splenic disease. Additionally, evidence of human and animal infections with the agents of brucellosis and Q fever was found: IgG antibodies against hepatitis E virus were discovered in two (2.0%) of the 100 volunteers. The prevalence of markers for human and animal disease was often lowest at the village of highest elevation, suggesting that increasing altitude, as a surrogate or a true independent risk factor, was protective against infection with the agents studied. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 247KL UT WOS:000083219900007 PM 10578634 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Smith, TC Knoke, JD Heller, JM AF Gray, GC Smith, TC Knoke, JD Heller, JM TI The postwar hospitalization experience of Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 10, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE environmental exposure; hospitalization; military medicine; military personnel; morbidity; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID DESERT-STORM; US VETERANS; ILLNESSES; SYMPTOMS AB Using Department of Defense hospital data, the authors examined the postwar hospitalization experience from March 1991 through September 1995 of US Gulf War veterans who were near Khamisiyah, Iraq, during nerve agent munition destruction in March 1991, Multiple sources of meteorologic, munition, and toxicology data were used to circumscribe geographic areas of low level, vaporized nerve agent for 4 days after the destruction. Plume estimates were overlaid on military unit positions, and exposure was estimated for the 349,291 US Army Gulf War veterans. Exposure was classified as not exposed (n = 224,804), uncertain low dose exposure (n = 75,717), and specific estimated subclinical exposure (n = 48,770) categorized into three groups for dose-response evaluation. Using Cox proportional hazard modeling, the authors compared the postwar experiences of these exposure groups for hospitalization due to any cause, for diagnoses in 15 unique categories, and for specific diagnoses an expert panel proposed as most likely to reflect latent disease from such subclinical exposure, There was little evidence that veterans possibly exposed to the nerve agent plumes experienced unusual postwar morbidity, While there were several differences in hospitalization risk, none of the models suggested a dose-response relation or neurologic sequelae, These data, having a number of limitations, do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans are suffering postwar morbidity from subclinical nerve agent exposure. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 5 BP 532 EP 540 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 231DL UT WOS:000082292800014 PM 10472954 ER PT J AU Kaufman, KR Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Johnson, CW Cullison, TR AF Kaufman, KR Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Johnson, CW Cullison, TR TI The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRESS-FRACTURES; ORTHOTIC DEVICE; ARCH; RUNNERS; JOINTS; ANKLE; AGE; BIOMECHANICS; PREVENTION; WOMEN AB The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether an association exists between foot structure and the development of musculoskeletal overuse injuries. The study group was a well-defined cohort of 449 trainees at the Naval Special Warfare Training Center in Coronado, California. Before beginning training, measurements were made of ankle motion, subtalar motion, and the static (standing) and dynamic (walking) characteristics of the foot arch. The subjects were tracked prospectively for injuries throughout training. We identified risk factors that predispose people to lower extremity overuse injuries. These risk factors include dynamic pes planus, pes cavus, restricted ankle dorsiflexion, and increased hindfoot inversion, all of which are subject to intervention and possible correction. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Naval Hosp, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Kaufman, KR (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, 128 Guggenheim,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Kaufman, Kenton/0000-0002-7311-3781 NR 56 TC 258 Z9 268 U1 13 U2 63 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 5 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 236ML UT WOS:000082603300007 PM 10496574 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF AF Nee, SMF TI Error analysis of null ellipsometry with depolarization SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INCOHERENT-REFLECTION MODEL; NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; POLARIZATION; POLARIMETRY; SURFACE AB Null ellipsometry is analyzed for components with depolarizations for unpolarized incident light. Serious imperfections include sample depolarization D < 0.2, misalignment (delta C < 2 degrees) and off-quarter-wave retardance (delta tau < 5 degrees) of the compensator. The four-zone null positions are derived analytically to the second order of serious imperfections and are also simulated based on Mueller matrices with depolarization. Errors of all four-zone nulls increase with increasing D. Depolarizations of all components except the analyzer cause errors to the nulls. The errors associated with D always couple with the second order of delta C and delta tau and are enhanced by csc(2) 2 psi. These divergent errors limit the applicable region of null ellipsometry where the errors in psi, and Delta are within 0.1 degrees, and the simulation agrees well with the analytic solutions. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 240.0240, 120.2130, 260.5430. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM neesf@navair.navy.mil NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 25 BP 5388 EP 5398 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005388 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 232JQ UT WOS:000082367900017 PM 18324043 ER PT J AU Szpak, S Mosier-Boss, PA Miles, MH AF Szpak, S Mosier-Boss, PA Miles, MH TI Calorimetry of the Pd+D codeposition SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED PD/D SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; DEUTERIUM AB Thermal activities associated with electrochemical compression of deuterium produced on electrodes prepared by Pd + D codeposition are discussed. Three cases are considered: activities during and shortly after commencement of current flow those observed during runs of several days duration, and surface temperature distribution recorded by infrared scanning. Experimental results show excellent reproducibility, high-power outputs, and the development of thermal instabilities resulting in the formation of local hot spots. C1 Spawar Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Szpak, S (reprint author), Spawar Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228QJ UT WOS:000082146900010 ER PT J AU Paul, JT AF Paul, JT TI COTS based open systems for military avionics SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Department of Defense (DoD) has many acquisition programs that are aggressively implementing open architecture principles in new avionics systems. Since "open" is an unclear attribute, projects eventually give in to a point solution that has no flexibility to cost effectively keep up with rapid changes in technology. The Open Systems Development Initiative (OSDI) project at Naval Air Warfare Center - Weapons Division (NAWC-WD), China Lake, CA, utilized Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products to study the feasibility of building an open system that has plug-and-play capabilities. Lessons learned from the AV-8B Open Systems Core Avionics Requirements (OSCAR) and the F/A-18 Advanced Mission Computers and Displays (AMC&D) programs clearly indicated that understanding the underlying interfaces is crucial to keeping the system as open as possible to take advantage of the rapid changes in technology. A matrix of Key Open Standard Interfaces (KOSI), called the KOSI matrix, was developed and an applicable standard was identified for each interface. A list of non-conforming interfaces was also identified and the use of extensions or wrappers was investigated in an attempt to comply with standards. Standardization, rather than optimization of such interfaces, was considered more beneficial. It became evident that, with the exception of ruggedization, there is no difference in the use of COTS products for either commercial or military systems. Performing a KOSI analysis helped identify the key interfaces and standards, thus enabling the OSDI system to be scalable, portable and interoperable. A good KOSI matrix provides a vehicle for clear communication and helps systems integration and technology insertion to be less painful than what it is today. It helps reduce time-to-market and provides guidance to systems engineers and vendors to keep the system open. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Paul, JT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 457160D,Bldg 2029, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 9 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1109/62.793451 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 237YF UT WOS:000082683600008 ER PT J AU Overfelt, PL AF Overfelt, PL TI Approximate Bessel-Gauss pulse generated from a disk source moving more slowly than the speed of light SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID MODES AB Assuming a disk source distribution moving in a straight line along the z axis at some velocity slower than the speed of light, an approximate Bessel-Gauss pulse solution to the inhomogeneous wave equation has been determined. This approximate pulse propagates in a specific region of space-time and is a long-time duration or steady-state solution of the inhomogeneous wave equation. The localization properties of this approximate waveform depend on the normalized speed of the source distribution. For source speeds close to the speed of light, the waveform is highly localized. As the source speed decreases, the scaler wave becomes less localized along the direction of propagation. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)02109-2] OCIS codes: 000.6800, 260.2110, 350.5500. C1 USN, Ctr Weap, Dept Res, Phys Branch,Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Overfelt, PL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap, Dept Res, Phys Branch,Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2239 EP 2244 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002239 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 229DV UT WOS:000082179000020 ER PT J AU Poddar, SK AF Poddar, SK TI Detection of adenovirus using PCR and molecular beacon SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PCR; adenovirus; liquid phase hybridization; molecular beacon probe ID POLYMERASE; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; SPECIMENS; ANTIBODY; VIRUS AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a molecular beacon probe were used for the detection of Adenovirus. A 307 bp DNA fragment from a conserved region of the hexon gene was amplified. The specific molecular beacon was characterized with respect to its efficiency of quenching, and signal to noise ratio by spectrofluorometric analysis of its hybridization with virus specfic complementary single stranded oligonucleotide target. Amplification was carried out in the presence of the molecular beacon probe, and the amplified target was detected by measurement of fluorescence signal in the post PCR sample. Separately, a P-32-labeled linear probe (having the same sequence as that of molecular beacon probe) was liquid-phase hybridized with the product of PCR performed in the absence of the molecular beacon. The virus specific target was then detected by electrophoresis of the hybridized product in a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel and subsequent autoradiographic analysis. The detection limit of adenovirus by PCR in the presence of the molecular beacon probe was found to be similar to that obtained by labeled linear probe hybridization following PCR. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Pediat Pharmacol Res Unit, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Poddar, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00074-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 237ZW UT WOS:000082687300003 PM 10507409 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD Ostrom, GS Merwin, LH Webber, CK AF Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD Ostrom, GS Merwin, LH Webber, CK TI Synthesis of cyano derivatives of poly[2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-alkylamino)phenylene vinylene]s for use as potential blue light-emitting diodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Mat Synth Sect Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 576-POLY BP U562 EP U562 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001716 ER PT J AU Concannon, BM Davis, JP AF Concannon, BM Davis, JP TI Results of a Monte Carlo investigation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB There has been a large effort to relate the apparent optical properties of ocean water to the inherent optical properties, which are the absorption coefficient a, the scattering coefficient b, and the scattering phase function rho(theta). The diffuse attenuation coefficient k(diff) has most often been considered an apparent optical property. However, k(diff) can be considered a quasi-inherent property k(diff) when defined as a steady-state light distribution attenuation coefficient. The Honey-Wilson research empirically relates K-diff to a and b. The Honey-Wilson relation most likely applies to a limited range of water types because it does not include dependence on rho(theta). A series of Monte Carlo simulations were initiated to calculate k(diff)' in an unstratified water column. The calculations, which reflected open ocean water types, used ranges of the single-scattering albedo omega(0) and the mean forward-scattering angle theta(m) for two analytic phase functions with different shapes. It was found that k(diff)' is nearly independent of the shape of rho(theta) and can be easily parameterized in terms of a, b, and theta(m) for 0.11 less than or equal to theta(m) less than or equal to 0.48 rad and 0.5 less than or equal to omega(0) less than or equal to 0.95. k(diff) is an asymptotic quantity; that is, a steady-state distribution is reached only after many scattering lengths. OCIS codes: 010.0010, 120.5820. C1 USN, Div Aircraft, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP USN, Div Aircraft, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4556,Unit 6,Bldg 2185,22347 Cedar Point Rd,S, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM concannonbm@navir.navy.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 24 BP 5104 EP 5107 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005104 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 227VL UT WOS:000082100600003 PM 18324003 ER PT J AU Shishkov, M Karwacki, F Hasan, Z Cunningham, JE AF Shishkov, M Karwacki, F Hasan, Z Cunningham, JE TI Modulation of visible light by AlAs-AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well p-i-n structures SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electrooptical materials/devices; electrooptical modulation; phase modulation; quantum-well devices ID PHASE-MODULATOR; ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATORS AB We report measurements on the modulation of visible light by a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) modulator designed for normal incidence, The MQW structure is composed of AlAs-AlxGa1-xAs with an Al concentration x = 0.41. The structure exhibits an exciton absorption peak at 608 nm in the visible part of the spectrum. The phase and amplitude modulation properties of this structure were studied using a Michelson interferometer that employed a novel double lock-in detection technique. Phase and amplitude modulation were studied as a function of the wavelength to determine their maxima. In our structure, phase modulation up to 20 degrees and amplitude modulation up to 8% were observed. These values are comparable to what is typically achieved by using waveguide geometry. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Shishkov, M (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1176 EP 1179 DI 10.1109/3.777217 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 220WR UT WOS:000081691600009 ER PT J AU Almeida, SA Williams, KM Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK AF Almeida, SA Williams, KM Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK TI Epidemiological patterns of musculoskeletal injuries and physical training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE rates; exercise; conditioning; military; recruits; Marine Corps; stress fractures ID STATES MARINE RECRUITS; LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; RUNNING INJURIES; STRESS-FRACTURES; OVERUSE INJURIES; EXERCISE; RUNNERS; PROGRAM; RISKS; SOLDIERS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify rates of diagnosis-specific musculoskeletal injuries in U.S. Marine Corps recruits and to examine the association between patterns of physical training and these injuries. Methods: Subjects were 1,296 randomly selected male Marine recruits, ages 17 to 28 yr, who reported to Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego for boot camp training between January 12 and September 14, 1993. Recruits were followed prospectively through 12 wk of training for injury outcomes. Injury patterns were examined in relation to weekly volumes and types of vigorous physical training. Results: The overall injury rate was 39.6% (number of recruits injured/population at risk), with 82% of injuries occurring in the lower extremities. Overuse injuries accounted for 78% of the diagnoses. The most frequent site of injury was the ankle/foot region (34.3% of injuries), followed by the knee (28.1%). Ankle sprains (6.2%, N = 1,143), iliotibial band syndrome (5.3%, N = 1,143), and stress fractures (4.0%, N = 1,296) were the most common diagnoses. Injury rates were highest during the weeks with high total volumes of vigorous physical training and the most hours of running and matching. Weekly injury rates were significantly correlated with hours of vigorous physical training (overuse injuries r = 0.667, P = 0.018; acute injuries r = 0.633, P = 0.027). Conclusions: The results of this controlled epidemiological investigation indicate that volume of vigorous physical training may be an etiologic factor for exercise-related injuries. The findings also suggest that type of training, particularly running, and abrupt increases in training volume may further contribute to injury risk. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Almeida, SA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, UCSD SDSU Gen Prevent Med Residency Program, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 40 TC 163 Z9 170 U1 4 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1176 EP 1182 DI 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00015 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 224NE UT WOS:000081904500015 PM 10449021 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Warrack, AG Coben, PA AF Hourani, LL Warrack, AG Coben, PA TI Suicide in the US Marine Corps, 1990 to 1996 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNEMPLOYMENT; MILITARY; BEHAVIOR AB Epidemiologic studies of suicide in the military have not controlled for the higher suicide rates of the unemployed expected in comparative national populations. This study compared the observed number of suicides among U.S. Marine Corps personnel from 1990 to 1996 with the expected number based on rates for the employed general U.S. population. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to identify demographic groups with higher or lower than expected numbers of suicides. The scan statistic and the Knox technique were used to evaluate potential suicide cluster patterns. Overall, there were fewer suicides in the Marine Corps (n = 213) than expected (n = 225). Hispanic and other ethnic group males and female Marines had greater than expected numbers. Evidence for suicide clustering in time and space was equivocal. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 551 EP 555 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300007 PM 10459263 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Townsend, J Jung, TP Sejnowsk, TJ AF Makeig, S Townsend, J Jung, TP Sejnowsk, TJ TI Independent components of early visual event-related brain dynamics SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Coconut Grove, FL 33133 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD AUG PY 1999 VL 36 SU 1 BP S22 EP S23 PG 2 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 222QZ UT WOS:000081797400087 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Jung, TP Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Jung, TP Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ TI Functionally independent components of early event-related potentials in a visual spatial attention task SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE EEG; visual; event-related potential; spatial; attention; independent component analysis ID BLIND SEPARATION; BRAIN POTENTIALS; INTERHEMISPHERIC-TRANSFER; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; INFORMATION; NETWORK; SPOTLIGHT; DYNAMICS; HUMANS; SOUND AB Spatial visual attention modulates the first negative-going deflection in the human averaged event-related potential (ERP) in response to visual target and non-target stimuli (the N1 complex). Here we demonstrate a decomposition of N1 into functionally independent subcomponents with functionally distinct relations to cask and stimulus conditions. ERPs were collected from 20 subjects in response to visual target and non-target stimuli presented at five attended and non-attended screen locations. Independent component analysis, a new method for blind source separation, was trained simultaneously on 500 ms grand average responses from all 25 stimulus-attention conditions and decomposed the nontarget N1 complexes into five spatially fixed, temporally independent and physiologically plausible components. Activity of an early laterally symmetrical component pair (N1a(R) and N1a(L)) was evoked by the left and right visual field stimuli, respectively. Component N1a(R) peaked ca. 9 ms earlier than N1a(L). Central stimuli evoked both components with the same peak latency difference, producing a bilateral scalp distribution. The amplitudes of these components were not reliably augmented by spatial attention. Stimuli in the right visual field evoked activity in a spatio-temporally overlapping bilateral component (N1b) chat peaked at ca. 180 ms and was strongly enhanced by attention. Stimuli presented at unattended locations evoked a fourth component (P2a) peaking near 240 ms. A fifth component (P3f) was evoked only by targets presented in either visual field. The distinct response patterns of these components across the array of stimulus and attention conditions suggest that they reflect activity in functionally independent brain systems involved in processing attended and unattended visuospatial events. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH36840]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS34155] NR 38 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 29 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 1387 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1098/rstb.1999.0469 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 223GP UT WOS:000081832800003 PM 10466141 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM Vincus, AA AF Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM Vincus, AA TI Psychosocial correlates of nicotine dependence among men and women in the US naval services SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 09-13, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc, Natl Assoc Publ Hlth Policy, APHA, Med Care Sect DE nicotine dependence; psychosocial factors; Navy; Marine Corps ID UNITED-STATES MILITARY; YOUNG-ADULTS; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; HEALTH SURVEY; SMOKING; SMOKERS; RELIABILITY; CIGARETTES; PREVALENCE AB This study assessed the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of clinical criteria-based diagnoses of nicotine dependence in men and women in the U.S. naval services. Analyses were based on data from the 1995 Perceptions of Wellness and Readiness Assessment, a population-based self-report survey of 9,856 active-duty Navy and Marine Corps members worldwide, specifically focusing on a subsample of those who completed the telephone version of the Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule (n = 782). Twenty-five percent of all telephone interview volunteers met diagnostic criteria for lifetime nicotine dependence, and 15% met criteria for nicotine dependence in the last year. There was no difference in nicotine dependence by job classification (traditional vs, nontraditional) among women. Women who were abused prior to entering the military were almost three times as likely to be nicotine dependent as those not abused. Men who had been exposed to combat or violence were twice as likely to be nicotine dependent as those not exposed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 521 EP 536 DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00105-1 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 217PY UT WOS:000081509200006 PM 10466847 ER PT J AU Shapiro, NL Malis, DJ Charon, CC Billman, GF Kearns, DB AF Shapiro, NL Malis, DJ Charon, CC Billman, GF Kearns, DB TI Giant juvenile xanthogranuloma of the tongue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs) are rare, benign, fibrohistiocytic lesions. They usually appear as one or more cutaneous papules on the head, neck, or trunk in infants. Twelve cases of oral JXGs have been reported, four of which involved the tongue. We present a 6-year-old girl with a large tongue mass diagnosed as JXG after an excisional biopsy. Histological and immunohistochemical staining results are presented. This is the first reported case of a giant oral JXG. A review of the literature on these unusual lesions is presented, along with discussion of their differential diagnosis and key aspects of the patient's evaluation, management, and pathological diagnosis. (Am J Otolaryngol 1999;20:241-244. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company). C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Head & Neck Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Balboa Naval Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Shapiro, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Head & Neck Surg, 62-158 CHS,10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0196-0709(99)90007-8 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 218EV UT WOS:000081541000008 PM 10442777 ER PT J AU Creusere, CD Van Nevel, A AF Creusere, CD Van Nevel, A TI Automatic target recognition directed image compression SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Missile Sciences Conference CY NOV 17-19, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA ID CORRELATION FILTERS AB A novel synthesis is presented of two separate areas of image processing: automatic target recognition/cueing (ATR/ATC) and embedded image compression. To maximize the information content of a transmitted image, an ATR algorithm is used to detect potential areas of interest, and the compression algorithm regionally compresses the image, allocating more bits to the areas of interest. In this fashion, contextual information is retained, albeit at a lower resolution. Higher information content is achieved at a lower bit rate. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Technol Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, Code 471600D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 626 EP 631 DI 10.2514/2.2502 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 226EN UT WOS:000082007500002 ER PT J AU Reboulet, JE Kimmel, EC AF Reboulet, JE Kimmel, EC TI A simple, inexpensive solid fuel furnace for small scale combustion toxicity studies SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL FIRE SUPPRESSANT; EXPOSURE C1 USN, Hlth Res Inst Detachment Toxicol, NHRC, TD,Geoctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reboulet, JE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Inst Detachment Toxicol, NHRC, TD,Geoctr Inc, Bldg 433,Area B,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 329 EP 348 DI 10.1177/073490419901700405 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 249VP UT WOS:000083354200005 ER PT J AU Lewis, HL Danko, T Himy, A Johnson, W AF Lewis, HL Danko, T Himy, A Johnson, W TI Alternative separation evaluations in model rechargeable silver-zinc cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE zinc-silver oxide rechargeable batteries; separators cellulosic AB Several varieties of standard and reinforced, cellulose-based, sausage casing films derived from wood pulp have been evaluated in model (nominal 28 A h) rechargeable silver-zinc cells. The cell performance data for both cycle life and wet stand life have been compared with cells equipped with conventional 1 mil (0.025 mm) cellophane. Although shorting was the most common failure mode in the cells with sausage casing separation, remarkably good cycle and wet life were obtained when the separation wrap also included PVA film. This paper reports the cycle and wet life comparison data for these substitute separators, with respect to conventional cellophane separation, as well as separation physical property data and silver migration rates in the cells as a function of cell life. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Viskase, Chicago, IL 60638 USA. JJ McMullen Assoc, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lewis, HL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 6091, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00063-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400012 ER PT J AU Zhang, XJ AF Zhang, XJ TI Failure analysis of TAKR 300 deck sockets SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Reprint C1 USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zhang, XJ (reprint author), USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 155 IS 6 BP 73 EP 74 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 202ZZ UT WOS:000080683600006 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Perry, ZA AF Larson, GE Perry, ZA TI Visual capture and human error SO APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORKING-MEMORY; ATTENTION; ACCIDENTS AB We investigated relationships between everyday error rates, susceptibility to stimulus-driven (i.e. external) capture of visual attention and working memory. Using an eye-tracking task called the antisaccade paradigm, we found that relatively error-prone subjects made significantly more unintended, stimulus-driven eye movements. This finding suggests a link between error-proneness and a tendency towards environmental (versus volitional) control of behaviour. No evidence was found for a connection between working memory capacity and error proneness or eye movements, though range restriction may have affected the working memory results. The findings are compatible with the view that some mishaps stem from environmental capture and triggering of inappropriate actions, and that individuals vary in their susceptibility to capture. Some implications are that: (1) mishaps might be reduced by redesigning tasks to reduce capture errors, e.g. by restructuring critical tasks to eliminate action sequences with common initial stages; (2) the antisaccade task may be a useful dependent measure in research on how stressors (e.g. fatigue, noise, temperature) increase the likelihood of mishaps. Specifically, since antisaccade performance was correlated with reports of real-world mistakes in the current study, antisaccade scores may allow useful predictions about how accident probability varies as a function of different conditions. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0888-4080 J9 APPL COGNITIVE PSYCH JI Appl. Cogn. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0720(199906)13:3<227::AID-ACP563>3.0.CO;2-J PG 10 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 220LQ UT WOS:000081667800004 ER PT J AU Luine, J Abelson, L Brundrett, D Burch, J Dantsker, E Hummer, K Kerber, G Wire, M Yokoyama, K Bowling, D Neel, M Hubbell, S Li, K AF Luine, J Abelson, L Brundrett, D Burch, J Dantsker, E Hummer, K Kerber, G Wire, M Yokoyama, K Bowling, D Neel, M Hubbell, S Li, K TI Application of a DC SQUID array amplifier to an electrically small active antenna SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We have built and operated a wide band electrically small active antenna consisting of a YBa(2)Cu(3)O7 half-loop over ground plane antenna, an LTS (niobium) 200 element DC SQUID array amplifier, and low-noise cryogenic GaAs buffer amplifier. These components were integrated with a liquid He flow cryostat into a portable stand-alone package. Measurements of active antenna response from 50 to 500 MHz were made using a transverse electromagnetic cell to illuminate the half-loop antenna. At frequencies below the observed antenna resonance (250 MHz) the active antenna response is flat thereby exhibiting wide band gain. C1 TRW Co Inc, Space & Elect Grp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Luine, J (reprint author), TRW Co Inc, Space & Elect Grp, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 4141 EP 4144 DI 10.1109/77.783937 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 225MC UT WOS:000081964500317 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM Cummings, JC AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM Cummings, JC TI Jet fuel system icing inhibitors: Synthesis and characterization SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB There have been no new literature papers dealing with jet fuel deicing additive replacements for the past 20 years. The current fuel system icing inhibitor additives, used by both the military and commercial aviation, are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. These deicing compounds are toxic at the concentrations that are required for effective deicing. This observation points to an immediate need for nontoxic, inexpensive, and biodegradable deicing compounds. The synthesis of polar sugar derivatives represents a viable alternative to glycol-based additives. The alternative deicing compounds reported in this paper are inexpensive and fuel stable and exhibit icing inhibitor characteristics similar to those of the presently used commercial materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Fuels Sect,Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Fuels Sect,Mat Chem Branch, Code 6121,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2497 EP 2502 DI 10.1021/ie9807755 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 205NP UT WOS:000080827700041 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC Carpenter, RL Reboulet, JE Still, KR AF Kimmel, EC Carpenter, RL Reboulet, JE Still, KR TI A physiological model for predicting carboxyhemoglobin formation from exposure to carbon monoxide in rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide exposure; carboxyhemoglobin formation prediction; numerical models; Coburn-Forster-Kane equation ID INHALATION AB A time-dependent simulation model, based on the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation, was written in Advanced Continuous Simulation Language to predict carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) formation and dissociation in F-344 rats during and after exposure to 500 parts/million CO for 1 h. Blood-gas analysis and CO-oximetry were performed on samples collected during exposure and off-gassing of CO. Volume displacement plethysmography was used to measure minute ventilation (VE) during exposure. CO diffusing capacity in the lung (DLCO) was also measured. Other model parameters measured in the animals included blood pH, total blood volume, and Hb concentration. Comparisons between model predictions using values for (V) over dot(E), DLCO, and the Haldane coefficient cited in the literature and predictions using measured (V) over dot(E), DLCO, and calculated Haldane coefficient for individual animals were made. General model predictions using values for model parameters derived from the literature agreed with published HbCO values by a factor of 0.987 but failed to simulate experimental data. On average, the general model overpredicted measured HbCO level by nearly 9%. A specific model using the means of measured variables predicted HbCO concentration within a factor of 0.993. When experimentally observed parameter fluctuations were included, the specific model predictions reflected experimental effects on HbCO formation. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP Kimmel, EC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Bldg 433,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1977 EP 1983 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 204TV UT WOS:000080781400036 PM 10368364 ER PT J AU Kelly, TL Neri, DF Grill, JT Ryman, D Hunt, PD Dijk, DJ Shanahan, TL Czeisler, CA AF Kelly, TL Neri, DF Grill, JT Ryman, D Hunt, PD Dijk, DJ Shanahan, TL Czeisler, CA TI Nonentrained circadian rhythms of melatonin in submariners scheduled to an 18-hour day SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythms; forced desynchrony; free running; entrainment; tau; submarines; bright light; work schedule; melatonin ID BLIND MAN; LIGHT; HUMANS; SLEEP; TEMPERATURE; PACEMAKER; PHASE; WORK AB The human circadian timing system has previously been shown to free run with a period slightly longer than 24 h in subjects living in the laboratory under conditions of forced desynchrony. In forced desynchrony, subjects are shielded from bright light and periodic time cues and are required to live on a day length outside the range of circadian entrainment. The work schedule used for most personnel aboard American submarines is 6 h on duty alternating with 12 h off duty. This imposed 18-h cycle is too short for human circadian synchronization, especially given that there is no bright-light exposure aboard submarines. However, crew members are exposed to 24-h stimuli that could mediate synchronization, such as clocks and social contacts with personnel who are living on a 24-h schedule. The authors investigated circadian rhythms of salivary melatonin in 20 crew members during a prolonged voyage on a Trident nuclear submarine. The authors found that in crew members living on the 18-h duty cycle, the endogenous rhythm of melatonin showed an average period of 24.35 h (n = 12, SD = 0.18 h). These data indicate that social contacts and knowledge of clock time are insufficient for entrainment to a 24-h period in personnel living by an 18-h rest-activity cycle aboard a submarine. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol,Circadian Neuroendocrine & Sleep D, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Czeisler, CA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol,Circadian Neuroendocrine & Sleep D, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Dijk, Derk-Jan/D-8387-2011; Neri, Dario/P-4368-2016 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-7304 J9 J BIOL RHYTHM JI J. Biol. Rhythms PD JUN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1177/074873099129000597 PG 7 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 256AP UT WOS:000083702700004 PM 10452330 ER PT J AU Hudspeth, MK Gerardo, SH Maiden, MFJ Citron, DM Goldstein, EJC AF Hudspeth, MK Gerardo, SH Maiden, MFJ Citron, DM Goldstein, EJC TI Characterization of Bacteroides forsythus strains from cat and dog bite wounds in humans and comparison with monkey and human oral strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SDS-PAGE; IDENTIFICATION AB Bacteroides forsythus strains recovered from cat and dog bite wound infections in humans (n = 3), monkey oral strains (n = 3), and the human oral ATCC 43037 type strain were characterized by using phenotypic characteristics, enzymatic tests, whole cell fatty acid analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, PCR fingerprinting, and 16S rDNA (genes coding for rRNA) sequencing. All three bite wound isolates grew on brucella agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood, vitamin K-1, and hemin, These strains, unlike the ATCC strain and previously described monkey oral and human clinical strains, did not require N-acetylmuramic acid supplementation for growth as pure cultures. However, their phenotypic characteristics, except for catalase production, were similar to those of previously identified strains. PCR fingerprinting analysis showed differences in band patterns from the ATCC strain. Also, SDS-PAGE and whole cell fatty acid analysis indicated that the dog and cat bite wound strains were similar but not identical to the human B. forsythus ATCC 43037 type strain and the monkey oral strains. The rDNA sequence analysis indicated that the three bite wound isolates had 99.93% homology with each other and 98.9 and 99.22% homology with the human ATCC 43037 and monkey oral strains, respectively, These results suggest that there are host-specific variations within each group. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, R M Alden Res Lab, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Forsyth Dent Ctr, Dept Periodontal Microbiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Goldstein, EJC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, R M Alden Res Lab, 1250 16th St, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2003 EP 2006 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 197BN UT WOS:000080344900060 PM 10325363 ER PT J AU Miller, FR Neill, JW Sherfey, BW AF Miller, FR Neill, JW Sherfey, BW TI Implementation of a maximin power clustering criterion to select near replicates for regression lack-of-fit tests SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE between clusters; lack of fit; minimal covers; nonreplication; regression; within clusters ID MODELS; DESIGNS AB In earlier work, we presented a maximin power clustering criterion to partition observations into groups of near replicates. Specifically, the criterion selects near replicate clusters for use with Christensen's tests for orthogonal between and within cluster lack of fit. This article further explores implementation of this clustering criterion. In particular, a methodology is developed to determine a collection of candidate groupings to which the maximin power criterion can be applied. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Math, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miller, FR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Math, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 94 IS 446 BP 610 EP 620 DI 10.2307/2670181 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 209QB UT WOS:000081058500030 ER PT J AU Walker, GJ Blood, CG AF Walker, GJ Blood, CG TI The patient flow of wounded marines within a multi-Echelon system of care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Hospitalization data were extracted for Marines wounded in Vietnam from 1965 to 1969 to examine the echelon flow of treatment care for different types of injuries, The inter-echelon movement of each patient who was hospitalized at an echelon II or III facility was tracked until the treatment was completed or until the patient was moved to a facility in the continental United States. Results showed that approximately half of the admissions to echelon II or III facilities had no further treatment recorded at a higher echelon of care, Almost one-fourth of the patients required treatment at an echelon IV facility, and more than one-third were admitted to an echelon V facility. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Walker, GJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 6 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 205UD UT WOS:000080838200010 PM 10377712 ER PT J AU Kovach, KA Cathcart, CE AF Kovach, KA Cathcart, CE TI Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS): Providing business with rapid data access, information exchange and strategic advantage SO PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB This article will review the major components of a Human Resource Information System (HRIS), including systems that are computerized and those that are not. These basic components provide a foundation for the reader to understand and explore how computerized and non-computerized information can assist human resources (HR) professionals achieve certain human resource objectives. There are many different types of computer software available to help in developing a comprehensive human resource information system. There is no doubt that personal computers can support real human resource decisions, but the information must be available in a form that on be utilized effectively in the decision making process. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Business Adm, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res & Engn Grp, Air Syst Team, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Kovach, KA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Business Adm, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1617 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0091-0260 J9 PUBLIC PERS MANAGE JI Public Personnel Manage. PD SUM PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 212TL UT WOS:000081232500008 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, JM Askew, EW Roberts, DE Wood, SM Benson, JE Johnson, SC Fredman, MS AF Pfeiffer, JM Askew, EW Roberts, DE Wood, SM Benson, JE Johnson, SC Fredman, MS TI Effect of antioxidant supplementation on urine and blood markers of oxidative stress during extended moderate-altitude training SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; vitamin C; beta-carotene; zinc; selenium; oxidative stress; antioxidants; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; lipid hydroperoxides; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; hydroxynonenal; exercise; altitude; cold ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; BETA-CAROTENE; EXERCISE; ACID; MUSCLE; DAMAGE; RAT; MALONDIALDEHYDE AB Objective.-To investigate the increase in oxidative stress during work at moderate altitudes due to additional energy expenditure, tissue anoxia, and UV light exposure. Methods.-Thirty US Marine Corps volunteers were divided into placebo (P) and antioxidant supplement (S) groups and tested for markers of oxidative stress before (t(0)), at the midpoint of (t(1)), and after (t(2)) 14 days of winter training at a moderate altitude (similar to 2700 m). The antioxidant supplement consisted of a daily dose of 20 000 IU beta-carotene, 400 IU vitamin E, 500 mg vitamin C, 100 mu g selenium, and 30 mg zinc. The following markers of oxidative stress were measured: urine thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), urine hydroxynonenal (HNE), urine 8-hydrodeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), plasma total peroxyl radical trapping potential (TRAP), and plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LPOs). Urine was collected on a 24-hr basis at t(0), t(1), and t(2); blood samples were collected at t(0) and t(2). Results.-P group LPOs increased 30% (p < 0.05) between t(0) and t(2), whereas S group LPOs did not increase. Both groups exhibited significant increases in urine TBARSs, HNE, and 8-OHdG by t(2). Urine TBARSs, HNE, and 8-OHdG increased between t(0) and t(1) in both groups, with the greater increase in the S group. The conflicting results between the plasma and urine markers of oxidative stress may be due to a time-phase relationship. Conclusions.-The results of this study suggest that work in a moderate-altitude cold-weather environment is accompanied by increased oxidative stress, despite relatively high intakes of dietary and supplemental antioxidants. C1 Univ Utah, Coll Hlth, Div Foods & Nutr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Human Performance, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH USA. Marine Corps Mt Warfare Training Ctr, Bridgeport, CA USA. RP Askew, EW (reprint author), Univ Utah, Coll Hlth, Div Foods & Nutr, 239 N-HPR, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDERNESS MEDICAL SOC PI COLORADO SPRINGS PA 3595 E FOUNTAIN BLVD, STE A1, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80910 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SUM PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(1999)010[0066:EOASOU]2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 222QK UT WOS:000081796100002 PM 10442154 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW Watson, HL AF Gray, GC Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW Watson, HL TI No serologic evidence of an association found between Gulf War service and Mycoplasma fermentans infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-DESERT-STORM; PERSIAN-GULF; SAUDI-ARABIA; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; VISCERAL INFECTION; LEISHMANIA-TROPICA; VIRUS-INFECTION; US VETERANS; SHIELD AB Occult occupational infection with Mycoplasma fermentans has been proposed as a cause for illness among Persian Gulf War veterans. Symptom data and sera from a 1994-1995 cross-sectional survey of Navy Seabees were used to select symptomatic and asymptomatic Gulf War veterans and nondeployed veterans to evaluate this hypothesis. Survey sera from 96 Seabees were matched to prewar (before September 1990) archived sera. Immunoblot serologic analyses were performed for M. fermentans in a controlled, blinded fashion. Both Gulf War veterans and nondeployed veterans had prewar and postwar serologic evidence of M. fermentans infection consistent with natural infection data. Among study subjects collectively, and stratified by Gulf War service, none of the immunoblot banding profiles (prewar or postwar) or their changes over time were associated with postwar symptoms. These serologic data do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans have experienced Gulf War-related morbidity from M. fermentans infection. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 752 EP 757 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198TE UT WOS:000080439600008 PM 10344648 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Callahan, JD Hawksworth, AW Fisher, CA Gaydos, JC AF Gray, GC Callahan, JD Hawksworth, AW Fisher, CA Gaydos, JC TI Respiratory diseases among US military personnel: Countering emerging threats SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES INFECTION; GLOBAL INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE; ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; MARINE-CORPS; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; ARMY TRAINEES; RISK-FACTORS; PENICILLIN-G AB Emerging respiratory disease agents, increased antibiotic resistance, and the loss of effective vaccines threaten to increase the incidence of respiratory disease in military personnel. We examine six respiratory pathogens (adenoviruses, influenza viruses, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) and review the impact of the diseases they cause, past efforts to control these diseases in U.S. military personnel, as well as current treatment and surveillance strategies, limitations in diagnostic testing, and vaccine needs. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 80 TC 149 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 205NN UT WOS:000080827600008 PM 10341174 ER PT J AU Chung, HS Chen, CSH Kremer, RA Boulton, JR Burdette, GW AF Chung, HS Chen, CSH Kremer, RA Boulton, JR Burdette, GW TI Recent developments in high-energy density liquid hydrocarbon fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB The evolution of high-energy density fuels over the past three decades is briefly described. This period can be characterized by exceedingly slow progress and notable lack of success toward the development of practical, economically viable fuel systems. Recently, two novel ultrahigh-energy density fuels, one naturally occurring and one synthetic, have emerged; these fuels, which are both composed of compact hydrocarbon molecules, have energy contents or heating values significantly greater than that of currently used standard missile fuel JP-10 (up to 160K Btu/gal (44.7K MJ/m(3)) vs 141.7K Btu/gal (39.6K MJ/m(3))). In addition, these fuels also exhibit superior low-temperature, viscometric, flash-point, and other properties that are desired and, indeed, required for practical fuels. Initial research and development of these fuels are described, and their chemistries, properties, and, in the case of the naturally occurring fuel, engine test results are provided. C1 Mobil Technol Co, Paulsboro, NJ 08066 USA. USN, Ctr Weap, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chung, HS (reprint author), Interlink Technol Inc, 2 Michael Way, Pennington, NJ 08534 USA. NR 24 TC 90 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1021/ef980195k PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 197YD UT WOS:000080393200014 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI Reduction of radar image artifacts caused by target inlets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE inlets; radar cross section; radar imaging ID SCATTERING; RCS AB The standard radar weak-scatterer model is inappropriate to targets with inlets and cavities and range-resolved images created using this model often display artifacts associated with these structures. Since inlets and cavities (typically) make a strong contribution to the radar field scattered from aircraft targets, these artifacts can confound the image interpretation process. Many of the more complete and accurate scattering models require extensive knowledge about the cavity/inlet shape and size and, moreover, are numerically intensive-features that make them unsuitable for many imaging applications. We examine an older (first-order) model based on a weak-scattering modal expansion of the structure which appears to be well suited to radar imaging. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 47 IS 5 BP 898 EP 901 DI 10.1109/8.774154 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 214HF UT WOS:000081322000018 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Lange, MD Cole, TL AF Storm, DF Lange, MD Cole, TL TI Surfactant effects of thallium in the epitaxial growth of indium arsenide on gallium arsenide(001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; GAAS 001; INAS; LAYERS; TEMPERATURE; INXGA1-XAS; ALLOYS; WELLS AB We report on the role of thallium as a surfactant in the growth of InAs on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy. Thallium suppresses the transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth modes for temperatures below 440 degrees C without incorporating significantly into the bulk InAs lattice. It extends the range of temperatures at which InAs may be grown, and appears to improve the crystalline quality of growth at 520 degrees C. Preliminary results indicate that at low temperature (280 degrees C) thallium does not prolong pseudomorphic growth beyond the normal critical layer thickness, but rather may form interfacial InTlAs with a greater concentration of thallium than has been achieved to date. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07409-5]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Phys Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Phys Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 9 BP 6838 EP 6842 DI 10.1063/1.370292 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 188WA UT WOS:000079871200088 ER PT J AU Vaughters, DS Olson, TM Gill, SE Wagner, LA AF Vaughters, DS Olson, TM Gill, SE Wagner, LA TI It's in the bag: Submarine plastic waste management SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 1994 prohibits the discharge of plastic waste from U.S. Navy submarines after December 31, 2008. This will require the Navy submarine community to develop an effective method for handling and storing plastic waste aboard for eventual return to port. Paramount objectives include volume reduction, sanitary packaging of the waste, and locating suitable storage spaces on each submarine class. Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center conducted a review of all potential plastic waste processing options. The submarine trash compactor unit and Navy odor barrier bags were selected for detailed investigation. A process was developed whereby plastic waste was compacted directly into high strength odor barrier bags called submarine plastic waste containment bags. Potential storage locations Sor compacted plastic waste have been identified aboard the Los Angeles (SSN 688), Ohio (SSBN 726), and Seawolf (SSN 21) Classes. Plastic Waste Management Demonstrations will be conducted on each submarine class to evaluate the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed plastic waste management solutions. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Solid Waste Management Branch, Submarine Solid Waste Management Program, W Bethesda, MD USA. RP Vaughters, DS (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Solid Waste Management Branch, Submarine Solid Waste Management Program, W Bethesda, MD USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 111 IS 3 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 195JT UT WOS:000080247800007 ER PT J AU Lattimore, MR Kaupp, S Schallhorn, S Lewis, R AF Lattimore, MR Kaupp, S Schallhorn, S Lewis, R TI Orbscan pachymetry - Implications of a repeated measures and diurnal variation analysis SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Optometry CY DEC, 1997 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Acad Optometry ID CORNEAL THICKNESS; RADIAL KERATOTOMY; INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE; TOPOGRAPHY AB Introduction: Corneal thickness changes reflect alterations in hydration and metabolism. Ultrasound pachymetry determinations may be adversely influenced by fluctuations in tissue hydration, whereas optical systems are apparently unaffected by these fluxes, A recently marketed, optical-based, topographic mapping system (Orbscan; Orbtek, Inc.) uses anterior and posterior corneal surface data to calculate corneal thickness. Objective: This new instrumentation presents as a potentially useful pachymetry tool for evaluation of corneas under hydration flux or challenge (e.g., postphotorefractive keratectomy [PRK] healing studies) and was therefore evaluated for accuracy and variability. Measurements: Three calibrated standards were measured in repeated fashion. Additionally, 1 test subject was measured 30 times in 1 day (5 measurements each at 8:00, 9:30, and 11:00 AM and at 1:00, 2:30, and 4:00 PM). Corresponding measurements were made at 8:00 and 11:00 AM and at 4:00 PM On 3 Separate days to assess repeatability. Grouped data from 18 volunteer subjects were compared to the data of the test subject as well, Results: Pachymetry accuracy on a calibrated standard was determined to be +/-2 mu m (standard deviation, n = 12), Repeated measures on the subject demonstrated a mean standard deviation of 9.08 mu m for 750 thickness data points across the central 7 mm of the cornea; peripheral measurement points exhibited progressively greater variability than at the apex (analysis of variance; P < 0.0001), A plot of thickness by corneal location and time of day exhibited a diurnal pattern, with the peripheral cornea exhibiting progressively greater thickness changes than the central cornea (two-way analysis of variance; P < 0.00001). The data significantly correlated across days when all times of day were considered (r = 0.999). However, thickness values obtained at 8:00 AM were significantly different across days (t test; P < 0.0002), The subject's data correlated very well (r = 0.9996) with the grouped volunteer data. Conclusions: These data show this system to be useful in corneal research and in clinical settings. The data confirm early morning pachymetry to be highly variable. Additionally, the data not only indicate a diurnal variation of corneal hydration over time, but also imply the presence of a diurnal-based hydration gradient across the peripheral cornea, both of which can have significance for PRK, since excimer tissue ablation effectiveness is influenced by tissue hydration. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lattimore, MR (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 15 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 1999 VL 106 IS 5 BP 977 EP 981 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)00519-9 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 192TN UT WOS:000080095500036 PM 10328399 ER PT J AU Subrahmanyam, MB AF Subrahmanyam, MB TI Roots of certain transcendental equations for elastic angular regions SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FREE-VIBRATION ANALYSIS; PLATES AB Certain important transcendental equations occur in the case of elastic angular regions while analyzing these regions for flexure, vibration, and buckling. Previously, these transcendental equations have been solved for roots and the data has been tabulated for different boundary conditions, as the angle of the region is varied. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that once we solve for the roots at a specific angular region, the roots for angular regions with angles ranging from 0 to 2 pi can be obtained via forward integration. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Subrahmanyam, MB (reprint author), Lockheed Martin, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD APR 23 PY 1999 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(98)00270-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 194TW UT WOS:000080210500014 ER PT J AU Varma, SK Salas, D Corral, E Esquivel, E Chawla, KK Mahapatra, R AF Varma, SK Salas, D Corral, E Esquivel, E Chawla, KK Mahapatra, R TI Microstructural development during aging of 2014 aluminum alloy composite SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; PRECIPITATION; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB The 2014 aluminum alloy reinforced with 0.1 and 0.15 volume fraction of alumina particles (VFAP) have been solutionized for a range of time from 1.5 to 20 h at 813 K. The effect of solutionizing time (ST) on the age hardening response of the composites has been studied and compared with the characteristics exhibited by the monolith. The results indicate that increasing the ST decreases the time required to get the peak hardness (TPH) values in the monolith but the composites do not show a systematic monotonic behavior. The TPH values first decrease and then increase with an increase in ST at an aging temperature of 473 K for the composite. It has been speculated that he ST influences the concentration of quenched-in vacancies and continued heating may affect the bonding between particles and matrix which can generate additional dislocations throughout the solutionizing process due to curvature effects. (C) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Alabama, Mat & Mech Engn Dept, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Varma, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1855 EP 1863 DI 10.1023/A:1004527729424 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 196LR UT WOS:000080310300021 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Eberhart, HJ Toothman, DR AF Kostoff, RN Eberhart, HJ Toothman, DR TI Hypersonic and supersonic flow roadmaps using bibliometrics and database tomography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY; SCIENCE AB Database Tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: 1) Algorithms for extracting multiword phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multiword technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment 2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to derive technical intelligence from a hypersonic/supersonic flow (HSF) database derived from the Science Citation Index and the Engineering Compendex. Phrase frequency analysis by the technical domain expert provided the pervasive technical themes of the HSF database, and the phrase proximity analysis provided the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. Bibliometric analysis of the HSF literature supplemented the DT results with author/journal/institution publication and citation data. Comparisons of HSF results with past analyses of similarly structured near-earth space and Chemistry databases are made. One important finding is that many of the normalized bibliometric distribution functions are extremely consistent across these diverse technical domains. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RSIS Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil; a1realty@ridgecrest.ca.us; toothmd@onr.navy.mil NR 75 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-8231 J9 J AM SOC INFORM SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 50 IS 5 BP 427 EP 447 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 181TF UT WOS:000079457900005 ER PT J AU Nordholm, AF Rossi, J Ritchie, GD McInturf, S Hulme, ME McCool, C Narayanan, L MacMahon, KL Eggers, J Leahy, HF Wolfe, RE AF Nordholm, AF Rossi, J Ritchie, GD McInturf, S Hulme, ME McCool, C Narayanan, L MacMahon, KL Eggers, J Leahy, HF Wolfe, RE TI Repeated exposure of rats to JP-4 vapor induces changes in neurobehavioral capacity and 5-HT/5-HIAA levels SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR SYNDROME; JET FUEL; PREPULSE INHIBITION; INHALATION EXPOSURE; TOLUENE INHALATION; FISCHER-344 RATS; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DOPAMINE; WORKERS AB Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 6 h/d for 14 consecutive days to JP-4 jet fuel vapor (2 mg/L) or room air control conditions. Following a 14- or 60-d recovery period, rats completed a battery of 8 tests selected from the Navy Neurobehavioral Toxicity Assessment Battery (NTAB) to evaluate changes in performance capacity. Exposure to JP-4 vapor resulted in significant changes in neurobehavioral capacity on several tests that varied as a function of the duration of the recovery period. Rats were evaluated for major neurotransmitter and metabolite levels in five brain regions and in the blood serum. Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were shown to be significantly elevated in several brain regions as well as in the blood serum in the vapor-exposed groups. Results of the rat study are compared to previously reported neurobehavioral evaluations of European manufacturing personnel exposed chronically to jet fuel vapor. C1 USN, Hlth Res Inst Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Occupat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), NHRCITD, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gritchie@navy.al.wpafb.af.mil NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD APR 9 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 7 BP 471 EP 499 DI 10.1080/009841099157935 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 183HT UT WOS:000079548700003 PM 10201635 ER PT J AU Bucher, P Yetter, RA Dryer, FL Vicenzi, EP Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM AF Bucher, P Yetter, RA Dryer, FL Vicenzi, EP Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM TI Condensed-phase species distributions about Al particles reacting in various oxidizers SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION AB Experimental results on the combustion of single, isolated aluminum particles, laser ignited in quiescent environments consisting of pure N2O, CO2, CO and in mixtures of 21% O-2 / 79% N-2 and 21% O-2 / 79% Ar are reported. Combustion measurements consisted of photographic observations and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the condensed-phase product composition and radial distribution. Aluminum particles in O-2, CO2, and N2O atmospheres were found to burn with envelope flames. Of these oxidizers, the largest flame envelope, as determined by the condensed-product distribution, occurred for Al combustion in the O-2/Ar mixture, followed by Al combustion in the O-2/N-2 mixture, the CO2 atmosphere, and the N2O atmosphere. Combustion in the CO atmosphere appeared to occur on (near) the particle surface with only a weak envelope reaction. Consistent with previous results in the literature, Al particle disruption was not observed in O-2/Ar environments, but was observed in O-2/N-2 environments. Although speculated in the literature, the present work confirms the existence of aluminum nitrides (oxy-nitrides) in the fuel-rich region near the particle surface for nitrogen-containing oxidizers (i.e., O-2/N-2 and N2O). Equilibrium calculations indicate that near the surface, solid-phase AlN may exist to temperatures well above the melting temperature of aluminum oxide. Thus, its presence may affect the fragmentation process. Finally, condensed-phase carbon (possibly in the form of aluminum carbide) was found throughout the surrounding gas-phase for CO combustion. (C) 1999 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Dryer, FL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM fldryer@phoenix.princeton.edu NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 1999 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00074-1 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 162UX UT WOS:000078366200021 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Westerfield, M Jung, TP Covington, J Townsend, J Sejnowski, TJ Courchesne, E AF Makeig, S Westerfield, M Jung, TP Covington, J Townsend, J Sejnowski, TJ Courchesne, E TI Functionally independent components of the late positive event-related potential during visual spatial attention SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electroencephalogram; event-related potential; evoked response; independent component analysis; reaction time; P300; motor; inhibition; frontoparietal; orienting ID BLIND SEPARATION; LEARNING ALGORITHM; BRAIN RESPONSES; REACTION-TIME; INFORMATION; TASKS; P300; MISALLOCATION; VARIANCE; CORTEX AB Human event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 10 subjects presented with visual target and nontarget stimuli at five screen locations and responding to targets presented at one of the locations. The late positive response complexes of 25-75 ERP average waveforms from the two task conditions were simultaneously analyzed with Independent Component Analysis, a new computational method for blindly separating linearly mixed signals. Three spatially fixed, temporally independent, behaviorally relevant, and physiologically plausible components were identified without reference to peaks in single-channel waveforms. A novel frontoparietal component (P3f) began at similar to 140 msec and peaked, in faster responders, at the onset of the motor command. The scalp distribution of P3f appeared consistent with brain regions activated during spatial orienting in functional imaging experiments. A longer-latency large component (P3b), positive over parietal cortex, was followed by a postmotor potential (Pmp) component that peaked 200 msec after the button press and reversed polarity near the central sulcus. A fourth component associated with a left frontocentral nontarget positivity (Pnt) was evoked primarily by target-like distracters presented in the attended location. When no distracters were presented, responses of five faster-responding subjects contained largest P3f and smallest Pmp components; when distracters were included, a Pmp component appeared only in responses of the five slower-responding subjects. Direct relationships between component amplitudes, latencies, and behavioral responses, plus similarities between component scalp distributions and regional activations reported in functional brain imaging experiments suggest that P3f, Pmp, and Pnt measure the time course and strength of functionally distinct brain processes. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH36840]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS34155] NR 72 TC 250 Z9 251 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD APR 1 PY 1999 VL 19 IS 7 BP 2665 EP 2680 PG 16 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 179TD UT WOS:000079344400025 PM 10087080 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Newell, CE Thomsen, CJ Gold, SR Milner, JS Koss, MP Rosswork, SG AF Merrill, LL Newell, CE Thomsen, CJ Gold, SR Milner, JS Koss, MP Rosswork, SG TI Childhood abuse and sexual revictimization in a female navy recruit sample SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE childhood abuse; revictimization; rape; sexual assault ID ALCOHOLISM SCREENING-TEST; NATIONAL SAMPLE; CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION; DATING SITUATIONS; RISK-FACTORS; TEST MAST; WOMEN; ASSAULT; PREVALENCE; AGGRESSION AB To examine effects of childhood abuse on adult rape, 1,887 female Navy recruits were surveyed. Overall 35% of recnrits had been raped and 57% had experienced childhood physical abuse (CPA) and/or childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Controlling for CPA, rape was significantly (4.8 times) more likely among women Mho had experienced CSA than among women who had not. III contrast, CPA (controlling for CSA) was unrelated to likelihood of adult rape. Alcohol problems and number of sex partners Mere examined as mediators. Although both variables predicted rape, their effects were independent of the effects of CSA. Finally despite ethnic group differences in the prevalence of victimization, the predictors of rape did not differ significantly across ethnic groups. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Operat Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Bureau Naval Personnel, Family Advocacy Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Operat Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 40 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD APR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1023/A:1024789723779 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 205YC UT WOS:000080847600001 PM 10378162 ER PT J AU Ren, F Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ LaRoche, JR Cole, MW Lothian, JR Gedridge, RW AF Ren, F Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ LaRoche, JR Cole, MW Lothian, JR Gedridge, RW TI Nonalloyed high temperature ohmic contacts on Te-doped InP SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXY AB We report on a thermal stability study of WSi0.79 contacts on Te-doped InP. The epitaxial InP layers were grown on Fe-doped semi-insulating InP substrates by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy. Tri-isopropylindium-di-isopropyltellurium was used as the Te precursor and the doping level was 1.4 x 10(20) cm(-3). Contact metal, amorphous WSi0.79, was sputtered from a composite and an excellent specific contact resistance of 1 x 10(-6) Omega cm(2) was achieved. The specific contact resistivity was also measured at different temperature (25-200 degrees C) and it stayed fair contact. This is clear indication that the current transport through the contact dominates by tunneling. After alloying at temperatures up to 600 degrees C, there is no obvious change of specific contact resistance or sheet resistance. After 700 degrees C annealing, there was significant P out-diffusion detected and the specific contact resistance began to degrade. However, the contact metal morphology and edge definition were unaffected. After 800 degrees C annealing, there was evidence of In out-diffusion after and the surface morphology became rough. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00913-4]. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Lucent Technol, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Multiplex Inc, S Plainfield, NJ 07080 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 13 BP 1845 EP 1847 DI 10.1063/1.123688 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 180WM UT WOS:000079408500021 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Fallis, S Miles, MH Yee, RY Chafin, AP Merwin, LH Lindsay, GA AF Zarras, P Fallis, S Miles, MH Yee, RY Chafin, AP Merwin, LH Lindsay, GA TI New main-chain poly(crown ether) membranes for lithium-ion transport. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 378-PMSE BP U499 EP U499 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JP UT WOS:000079148201544 ER PT J AU Kowalik, RW Hebsur, MG AF Kowalik, RW Hebsur, MG TI Cyclic oxidation study of MoSi2-Si3N4 base composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation High Temperature Structural Silicides Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE composites; cyclic oxidation; thermal shock resistance ID MOSI2-BASED COMPOSITES AB A series of MoSi2-Si3N4 base composites was evaluated for potential Navy gas turbine engine applications. The composites underwent cyclic oxidation testing to determine their oxidation and thermal shock resistance. Specimens were exposed to 900 degrees C for 55 min followed by a 5 min air-cool. After 500 cycles, the specimens were examined for phase transformations, weight and elemental changes. and thermal shock resistance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Mission Av Technol Dept 4 3 4, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kowalik, RW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Mission Av Technol Dept 4 3 4, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 176KY UT WOS:000079151300038 ER PT J AU Brenizer, JS Berger, H Gibbs, KM Mengers, P Stebbings, CT Polansky, D Rogerson, DJ AF Brenizer, JS Berger, H Gibbs, KM Mengers, P Stebbings, CT Polansky, D Rogerson, DJ TI Development of a new electronic neutron imaging system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiolography CY MAR 16-19, 1998 CL LUZERN, SWITZERLAND SP Ask Corp, Fuji Photo Film, N-Ray, SODERN DE neutron imaging; neutron camera; thermal neutron; fast neutron; real-time imaging ID RADIOGRAPHY; NOISE AB An electronic neutron imaging camera system was developed for use with thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons in applications that include nondestructive inspection of explosives, corrosion, turbine blades, electronics, low Z components, etc. The neutron images are expected to provide information to supplement that available from X-ray tests. The primary camera image area was a 30 x 30 cm field-of-view with a spatial resolution approaching 1.6 line pairs/mm (lp/mm). The camera had a remotely changeable second lens to limit the field-of-view to 7.6 x 7.6 cm for high spatial resolution (at least 4 lp/mm) thermal neutron imaging, but neutron and light scatter will limit resolution for fast neutrons to about 0.5 lp/mm. Remote focus capability enhanced camera set-up for optimum operation. The 75 dB dynamic range camera system included Li-6-based screens for imaging of thermal and epithermal neutrons and ZnS(Ag)-based screens for fast neutron imaging. The fast optics was input to a Super S-25 Gen TI image intensifier, fiber optically coupled to a 1134 (h) x 486 (v) frame transfer CCD camera. The camera system was designed to be compatible with a Navy-sponsored accelerator neutron source. The planned neutron source is an RF quadrupole accelerator that will provide a fast neutron flux of 10(7) n/cm(2)-s (at a source distance of 1 m) at an energy of about 2.2 MeV and a thermal neutron flux of 10(6) n/cm(2)-s at a source LID ratio of 30. The electronic camera produced good quality real-time images at these neutron levels. On-chip integration could be used to improve image quality for low flux situations. The camera and accelerator combination provided a useful non-reactor neutron inspection system. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Ind Qual Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Paultek Syst Inc, Nevada City, CA USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Brenizer, JS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 424 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01294-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 178HX UT WOS:000079261200003 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT Alltop, WO Martin, JM AF Gillespie, DT Alltop, WO Martin, JM TI Comment on "Describing the state of a stochastic process," by D. T. Gillespie [Am. J. Phys. 66 (6), 533-536 (1998)] SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In the commented paper, it was pointed out that a certain set of conditioned probability density functions P-(1), P-(2),..., is both necessary and sufficient to fully describe the state of any classical stochastic process. But the announced set of constraints that those functions are obliged to satisfy was incomplete. Here we elaborate the full set of constraining conditions on the P-(n) functions, and in so doing Eve expose the non-Markovian generalization of the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. (C) 1999 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 3 BP 258 EP 259 DI 10.1119/1.19235 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 171BM UT WOS:000078842500016 ER PT J AU Subrahmanyam, MB Biswas, SK AF Subrahmanyam, MB Biswas, SK TI Model reduction with a finite horizon H-infinity criterion SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB An important problem in flight control and Eying qualities is the approximation of a complex high-order system by a low-order model. For a given reduced-order model, we define the correlation measure between the plant and the model outputs to be the minimum of the ratio of weighted signal energy to weighted error energy. We give a criterion for the evaluation of the correlation measure in terms of minimization of a parameter occurring in a two-point boundary-value problem, Once the correlation measure for a given reduced-order model can be evaluated, a nonlinear programming algorithm can be used to select a model that maximizes the correlation between the plant and model outputs, The correlation index used can be regarded as an extension of the H-infinity performance criterion to the finite interval time-varying ease. However, the usual H-infinity problem seeks an optimal controller, whereas our problem Is to select the reduced-order model matrices that give the best correlation index. We also give an expression for the variation of the correlation due to parameter variations. The utilization of the theory is demonstrated by means of some examples. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Flight Control Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Subrahmanyam, MB (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Integrated Syst, Syst Engn, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.2514/2.4402 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 175PZ UT WOS:000079104700008 ER PT J AU Overfelt, PL White, DJ AF Overfelt, PL White, DJ TI Analytic expression for Fresnel diffraction: comment SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Editorial Material AB In a recent paper by P. Wang ef al. [J. Opt. Sec. Am. A 15, 684 (1998)] an analytic expression for calculating Fresnel diffraction is presented. Several mathematical problems with this analysis have been observed. In this comment, corrections to the analysis of Wang et al. are offered as well as an alternative view of this analysis. New formulas based on series of exponential polynomials that are everywhere convergent are derived. These new formulas eliminate the need to split the computational problem into two distinct regions. New series representations for two of the most important combinations of the Lommel functions of two variables are offered. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01603-8]. C1 USN, Phys Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Overfelt, PL (reprint author), USN, Phys Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.000613 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 170AQ UT WOS:000078783300021 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Yuan, HX AF Hourani, LL Yuan, HX TI The mental health status of women in the Navy and Marine Corps: Preliminary findings from the perceptions of wellness and readiness assessment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; BULIMIA-NERVOSA; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; SAMPLE AB The 1995 Perceptions of Wellness and Readiness Assessment was designed to provide baseline health and risk-factor information on the physical and mental health status of women in the U.S, Navy and Marine Corps and to make comparisons both within military subpopulations and with civilian populations. A population-based, multi-stage, cluster sample of 782 active duty Navy and Marine Corps women and men were administered a structured computerized telephone interview to make Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-III-R psychiatric diagnoses. Estimates were 40 and 21% for overall lifetime and 1-year prevalence of psychiatric disorders, respectively. Women had about five times the risk of experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder than men and about twice the risk of a major depressive episode. Of all personnel meeting diagnostic criteria for an active mental disorder, only 19% sought mental health cafe in the last year. Women generally sought treatment more readily than men. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 164 IS 3 BP 174 EP 181 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176LX UT WOS:000079153800003 PM 10091489 ER PT J AU Van Nevel, AJ DeFacio, B Neal, SP AF Van Nevel, AJ DeFacio, B Neal, SP TI Information-theoretic wavelet noise removal for inverse elastic wave scattering theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ORTHONORMAL BASES; DECONVOLUTION; ENTROPY AB A discussion of noise removal in ultrasound (elastic wave) scattering for nondestructive evaluation is given. The methods used in this paper include a useful suboptimal Wiener filter, information theory and orthonormal wavelets. The multiresolution analysis (MRA), due to Mallat, is the key wavelet feature used here. Whereas Fourier transforms have a translational symmetry, wavelets have a dilation or affine symmetry which consists of the semi-direct product of a translation with a change of scale of the variable. The MRA describes the scale change features of orthonormal wavelet families. First, an empirical method of noise removal from scattered elastic waves using wavelets is shown to markedly improve the l(1) and l(2) error norms. This suggests that the wavelet scale can act as dial to "tune out" noise. Maximization of the Kullback-Liebler information is also shown to provide a scale-dependent noise removal technique that supports (but does not prove) the intuition that certain small energy coefficients that are retained contain large information content. The wavelet MRA thereby locates "islands of information" in the phase space of the signal. It is conjectured that this method holds more generally. [S1063-651X(99)14403-9]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Nevel, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 3682 EP 3693 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3682 PN B PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 177WF UT WOS:000079233500071 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD Welker, MF Kreutzberger, CB AF Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD Welker, MF Kreutzberger, CB TI Nitrolysis of a highly deactivated amide by protonitronium. Synthesis and structure of HNFX SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Office-of-Naval-Research Energetic Materials Informal Workshop CY DEC 03-06, 1996 CL ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND SP Off Naval Res ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; DICATION NO2H2+; NITRAMINES; NITRATION; SYSTEMS; ACID AB Efficient N-nitrolysis of highly deactivated 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-bis(4-ni- trobenzenesulfonyl)-1,5-diazocine (1) has been achieved by the use of protonitronium reagent formed in the system nitric acid-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, producing 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine (HNFX, 2) in 65% yield in a nonoptimized reaction. The crystal structure of the first morphology of HNFX contains cavities in the form of channels through its unit cell; the observed density is 1.807 g . cm(-3). C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 1999 VL 64 IS 3 BP 960 EP 965 DI 10.1021/jo9819640 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 165XY UT WOS:000078548200045 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Almeida, SA Williams, KM Ronaghy, S AF Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Almeida, SA Williams, KM Ronaghy, S TI Use of simple measures of physical activity to predict stress fractures in young men undergoing a rigorous physical training program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exercise; fractures; stress; military personnel; physical fitness; wounds and injuries ID LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; RISK-FACTORS; RUNNING INJURIES; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDITY; FITNESS; POPULATIONS; RECRUITS; RUNNERS; WOMEN AB Among a population of randomly selected US Marine Corps recruits at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California, the authors developed a screening tool to identify individuals at high risk for lower extremity stress fracture when beginning a rigorous physical training program. The screening tool was developed among 1,286 recruits, then tested and refined among 1,078 additional recruits. The refined algorithm, consisting of five physical activity questions and a 1.5-mi (2.4-km) run time, revealed that 21.6% of "high risk" subjects suffered more than three times as many stress fractures as "low risk" subjects. These data suggest that risk of stress fracture during rigorous physical training is increased by poor physical fitness and low levels of physical activity prior to their entry into the program. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Clin Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Shaffer, RA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Clin Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 3 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 160ZB UT WOS:000078262300006 PM 9927218 ER PT J AU Hill, SY Yuan, HX Locke, J AF Hill, SY Yuan, HX Locke, J TI Path analysis of P300 amplitude of individuals from families at high and low risk for developing alcoholism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE P300; high risk; TAU model; familial transmission; personality; path analysis ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; ABSTINENT ALCOHOLICS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BRAIN POTENTIALS; FEMALE PROBANDS; PERSONALITY; CHILDREN AB Background: A substantial amount of evidence exists suggesting that P300 amplitude in childhood is a risk marker for later development of alcohol dependence, There is evidence that P300 amplitude is heritable. The goal of the present study was to determine if patterns of transmission differed in families who were either at high or low risk for developing alcohol dependence, Methods: Auditory P300 was recorded from 536 individuals spanning three generations. The path analytic TAU model was used to investigate the familial transmission of P300 amplitude in the two independent samples of families. Results: Transmission of P300 in high-risk families most likely followed a polygenic model of inheritance with significant parent-to-offspring transmission. Parent-to-offspring transmission was significantly greater in high-risk than low-risk families. Total phenotypic variance due to transmissible factors was greater in low-risk families than in high-risk families, however. A somewhat unexpected finding was the substantial correlation between mates for P300 amplitude in both high- and low-risk families. Conclusions: P300 is transmissible in families. Differences exist in the pattern of transmission for P300 in families at high and low risk for alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:346-359 (C) 1999 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Alcoholism & Genet Res Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hill, SY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Alcoholism & Genet Res Program, 3811 Ohara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03655]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA05909, AA08082] NR 77 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 45 IS 3 BP 346 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00525-8 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 165JZ UT WOS:000078518800017 PM 10023513 ER PT J AU Canty, TG Canty, TG Brown, C AF Canty, TG Canty, TG Brown, C TI Injuries of the gastrointestinal tract from blunt trauma in children: A 12-year experience at a designated pediatric trauma center SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma/Trauma-Association-of-Can ada CY SEP 24-27, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma, Trauma Assoc Canada DE blunt abdominal trauma; GI tract injury in children ID SMALL-BOWEL INJURY; SEAT-BELT INJURY; ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; INTESTINAL INJURIES; PERFORATION; CHILDHOOD; MANAGEMENT AB Introduction: Nonoperative management of solid organ injury from blunt trauma in children has focused concern on potential delays in diagnosis of hollow viscus injury with resultant increases in morbidity; mortality; and cost. This study of a large pediatric trauma database will review the issues of difficulty and/or delay in diagnosis as it relates specifically to definitive treatment and outcome. Methods: We surveyed 11,592 consecutive admissions to a designated pediatric trauma center from 1985 to 1997 to identify children with documented injury of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from blunt trauma. The records were extensively analyzed specifically in regard to mechanism of injury, type and site of injury; time to diagnosis, operative treatment, complications, and final outcome. Results: The 79 children identified, 4 months to 17 years old, included 27 females and 52 males. Mechanism of injury included 15 restrained and 7 unrestrained passengers, 15 pedestrians, 15 child abuse victims, 10 bike handlebar intrusions, 8 discrete blows to the abdomen, 4 bike versus auto, 3 falls, and 2 crush injuries. There were 51 perforations, 6 avulsions, and 22 lesser injuries including contusions. Injury of the small bowel was most common, 44 cases, followed by the duodenum, 18 cases, colon, 17 cases, and stomach, 6 cases. In 45 children, diagnosis was made quickly by a combination of obvious clinical findings, plain x-ray and/or initial computed tomographic findings mandating urgent operative intervention, Diagnosis was delayed beyond 4 hours in 34 children, beyond 24 hours in 17 children and was made by persistent clinical suspicion, aided by delayed computed tomographic findings of bowel wall edema or unexplained fluid. The six deaths were caused by severe head injury. Complications included two delayed abscesses and two cases of intestinal obstruction. All 73 survivors left the hospital with normal bowel function. Conclusions: Injury to the GI tract from blunt trauma in children is uncommon (<1%), The majority of GI tract injuries (60%) are caused by a discrete point of energy transfer such as a seatbelt (19%), a handle bar (13%), or a blow from abuse (19%), or other blows and is unique to this population, Although diagnosis may be difficult and often delayed, this did not result in excessive morbidity or mortality. Safe and effective treatment of GI tract injuries is compatible with nonoperative management of most other injuries associated with blunt abdominal trauma in children, while reducing the risk of nontherapeutic laparotomy. C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Trauma, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Balboa Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Canty, TG (reprint author), 3030 Childrens Way,Suite 401, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1097/00005373-199902000-00005 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 166TT UT WOS:000078593800006 PM 10029026 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI Population transfer through the continuum: ir excitation of HeH+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We study the ir excitation of HeH+ using the counterintuitive arrangement of two pulsed lasers with the continuum as the intermediate state. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation describing the system is integrated numerically using the split-operator technique. We examine the maximum population transfer as a function of the pulse separation, pulse width, relative pulse strength, two-photon detuning, and relative position of the intermediate continuum stale. The largest population transfer found is 63 %. [S1050-2947(99)08002-6]. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4B4000D,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4B4000D,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP 1444 EP 1450 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.1444 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 169YW UT WOS:000078778500069 ER PT S AU Mullen, L Contarino, VM Laux, A Concannon, B Davis, J Strand, M Coles, B AF Mullen, L Contarino, VM Laux, A Concannon, B Davis, J Strand, M Coles, B BE Gilbert, GD TI Modulated laser line scanner for enhanced underwater imaging SO AIRBORNE AND IN-WATER UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE lidar; underwater imaging; optical modulation; laser line scanner ID HYBRID LIDAR-RADAR AB Current Laser Line Scanner (LLS) sensor performance is limited in turbid water and in bright solar background conditions. In turbid water, backscattered and small angle forward scattered light reaching the receiver decreases underwater target contrast and resolution, Scattered solar energy reaching the detector also decreases detection sensitivity by increasing receiver noise. Thus, a technique which rejects unwanted, scattered light while retaining image-bearing photons is needed to improve underwater object detection and identification. The approach which we are investigating is the application of radar modulation and detection techniques to the LLS. This configuration will enable us to use optical modulation to discriminate against scattered light. A nonscanning mock-up of an existing LLS, the Electro-Optic Identification (EOID) sensor, has been developed with off-the-shelf components. An electro-optic modulator will be added to this system to create a modulated LLS prototype. Laboratory tank experiments will be conducted to evaluate the performance of the modulated LLS as a function of water clarity and solar background levels. The new system will be compared to its un modulated counterpart in terms of target contrast. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3247-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3761 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.366470 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12D UT WOS:000084180400001 ER PT S AU Concannon, BM Contarino, VM Alloca, DM Mullen, LJ AF Concannon, BM Contarino, VM Alloca, DM Mullen, LJ BE Gilbert, GD TI Characterization of signal induced artifacts in photo-multiplier tubes for underwater LIDAR applications SO AIRBORNE AND IN-WATER UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE photo-multiplier tube; PMT; LIDAR AB Many single shot, single pixel underwater LIDAR systems employ high performance photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) in their receivers. While PMTs offer high gain with a low noise factor, the dynamic range of the output signal is limited by signal induced artifacts. These artifacts include decaying signals with long time constants and short duration "ghost reflection" signals. This paper will characterize the signal-induced artifacts for various single pixel PMTs with different photo-cathode materials and dynode materials. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Concannon, BM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4556 Unit 6 Bldg 2185,22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3247-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3761 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.366478 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12D UT WOS:000084180400017 ER PT S AU Roth, D Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW AF Roth, D Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW BE Sadjadi, FA TI Advanced IFSAR for search and rescue SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; interferometry; IFSAR; Search and Rescue ID SAR; INTERFEROMETRY; RADAR AB One of the most promising tools for airborne SAR search and rescue is the use of interferometric techniques such as wavenumber filtering. These techniques make possible extremely accurate information extraction from SAR image pairs. The potential gain in accuracy is significant, since accuracy of measurements can theoretically be determined to within a wavelength (centimeter accuracy) as opposed to a pixel distance (meters). This paper presents the latest interferometric SAR (IFSAR) processing algorithms developed by the authors, along with examples of their use on actual data. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roth, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Code 452320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.359952 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000021 ER PT S AU Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED AF Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED BE Bradlow, HL Fishman, J Osborne, MP TI Calcium and vitamin D - Their potential roles in colon and breast cancer prevention SO CANCER PREVENTION: NOVEL NUTRIENT AND PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENTS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cancer Prevention - Novel Nutrient and Pharmaceutical Developments CY NOV 13-14, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Cornell Univ Med Coll, Strang Canc Prevent Ctr, Int Soc Canc Chemoprevent, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Italian Canc Fdn, AmerMedia Inc, Donald Beldock, Merck & Co Inc, Weill Med Coll Cornell Univ, Irving Weinstein Fdn ID EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIETARY CALCIUM; D METABOLITES; RISK; POLYPOSIS; MORTALITY; SUNLIGHT; EXPOSURE; SERUM AB The geographic distribution of colon cancer is similar to the historical geographic distribution of rickets, The highest death rates from colon cancer occur in areas that had high prevalence rates of rickets-regions with winter ultraviolet radiation deficiency, generally due to a combination of high or moderately high latitude, high-sulfur content air pollution (acid haze), higher than average stratospheric ozone thickness, and persistently thick winter cloud cover, The geographic distribution of colon cancer mortality rates reveals significantly low death rates at low latitudes in the United States and significantly high rates in the industrialized Northeast, The Northeast has a combination of latitude, climate, and air pollution that prevents any synthesis of vitamin D during a five-month vitamin D winter, Breast cancer death rates in white women also rise with distance from the equator and are highest in areas with long vitamin D winters, Colon cancer incidence rates also have been shown to be inversely proportional to intake of calcium, These findings, which are consistent with laboratory results, indicate that most cases of colon cancer may be prevented with regular intake of calcium in the range of 1,800 mg per day, in a dietary context that includes 800 IU per day (20 mu g) of vitamin D(3). (In women, an intake of approximately 1,000 mg of calcium per 1,000 kcal of energy with 800 IU of vitamin D would be sufficient.) In observational studies, the source of approximately 90% of the calcium intake was vitamin D-fortified milk, Vitamin D may also be obtained from fatty fish, In addition to reduction of incidence and mortality rates from colon cancer, epidemiological data suggest that intake of 800 IU/day of vitamin D may be associated with enhanced survival rates among breast cancer cases. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Dept 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Dept 0631C, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu NR 80 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 9 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-198-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 889 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08728.x PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BP49R UT WOS:000085323100011 PM 10668487 ER PT S AU Sola, K AF Sola, K BE Hopper, DG TI Six success stories for FPDs in military platforms SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VI: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VI - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE military platforms; FPDs; cockpits; crewstations; P-3; S-3B; E-2C; EP-3E; V-22; MMA AB We are all familiar with stories of problems with FPD insertion into military systems. Many of us are also sated with the negative side of this difficult endeavor. There is a lot of good news about the military and display industry partnership and successes, and this good news is increasing daily. This paper selectively offers some of this good news from the perspective of U.S. Navy platforms. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sola, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, 4-6-4-2,48110 Shaw Rd, Suite 2280-A10, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3164-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3690 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.357613 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77P UT WOS:000082901900013 ER PT S AU Sola, K AF Sola, K BE Hopper, DG TI Flat panel displays in an underwater cockpit SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VI: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VI - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB This paper reports on a highly unusual application of flat panel displays in a cockpit. The cockpit is found in a mini-submarine of the Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS), a state-of-the-art military platform designed to deliver U.S. Navy SEALs, and other special forces, to their mission locations. For security reasons, tie presentation details are intentionally kept minimal. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sola, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Engn Div, 4-6-4-2,48110 Shaw Rd Suite 2280-A10, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3164-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3690 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.357614 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77P UT WOS:000082901900014 ER PT S AU Storm, DF Lange, MD AF Storm, DF Lange, MD BE Barabasi, AL Krishnamurthy, M Liu, F Pearsall, T TI Observation of surfactant properties of thallium in the epitaxial growth of indium arsenide on gallium arsenide SO EPITAXIAL GROWTH-PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Growth-Principles and Applications CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; GAAS 001; INAS; LAYERS; TEMPERATURE; INXGA1-XAS; ALLOYS; TE AB Because of the large lattice mismatch between InAs and GaAs, the growth of the former on the (001) surface of the latter undergoes a well-known transition from a layer-by-layer mode to an island mode at an equivalent coverage of 1-2 monolayers (ML). We have observed a suppression of this transition when growth proceeds under a simultaneous thallium flux. The thallium is not significantly incorporated into the InAs layer; however, approximately I ML may remain at the interface. The effect of the thallium on the electronic properties of the InAs is investigated. C1 USN, Phys Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Phys Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-477-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 570 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN69F UT WOS:000082591100033 ER PT J AU Gibson, TB Jenn, DC AF Gibson, TB Jenn, DC TI Prediction and measurement of wall insertion loss SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE building effects; measurement; plane wave attenuation AB A propagation loss study is presented to determine the attenuation of various building walls. An approximate model was developed for the propagation of a spherical electromagnetic wave through a building wall of known material properties. This model is based on the method of images and geometrical optics. This approximate model is shown to be in good agreement with measured results. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Performance Anal Branch, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gibson, TB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Performance Anal Branch, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 3 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 47 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1109/8.752988 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 182JH UT WOS:000079495500009 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI Regularization of noisy ISAR images containing extended features SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE Bayesian; cross-entropy; entropy; ISAR imaging; regularization ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; CROSS-ENTROPY; RECONSTRUCTION AB We present a regularization method that employs a cross-entropy functional and which deals with the three issues of complex-valued data, prior information, and noise mitigation. The basic model of this approach is similar to that used in usual maximum a posteriori analysis and allows for a more general relationship between the image and its configuration entropy than that usually employed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1109/83.736704 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 154CW UT WOS:000077871900014 PM 18262873 ER PT B AU Sheehy, JB AF Sheehy, JB BE Dennis, J TI Draft ANSI standard for the evaluation of laser eye protection. SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB The first commercially available laser eye protection was based on absorptive technology. As the name implies, the incident energy is absorbed and then dissipated as heat. Product testing consisted of assessing the optical properties of the eyewear (optical power, haze, distortion, abrasion resistance, etc), optical density, potential for saturable absorption, and damage threshold. Common of absorptive technologies, the absorption bandwidth was broad with considerable secondary absorption. The unwanted absorption resulted in low transmittance and high spectral distortion. As the usage of lasers spread and the number of possible wavelengths increased, R&D efforts in multi wavelength laser eye protection be expanded to explore alternative filter technologies such as holograms or dielectric stacks. The dielectric equivalent of the early neodymium protection had 80% transmittance as opposed to the 45% of the absorptive eyewear. The angular sensitivity, however, required that the bandwidth be increased to prevent the filter from shifting off the critical wavelength for off axis exposures. This new type of eye protection dramatically increased the demands and rigor of performance testing. No longer could one assess just the critical area. Now the required angular protection had to be determined. The required angular coverage was a function of the eye relief, pupil diameter, range of eye movements, and range of interpupillary distances. If the filter is eye centered, and as implied, alignment and fit critical, then one also needs to determine how the filter performs as misalignment is introduced. The safety zone and fit parameters determine the number of points and angular coverage at each point which must be measured to assess the protection offered. This is all in addition to the standard optical tests required to certify a product. Depending on the number of wavelengths, filter complexity, and surface area the time and cost of testing can increase dramatically. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sheehy, JB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 356 EP 365 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700043 ER PT B AU Merritt, RG AF Merritt, RG GP INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL TI A note on prediction of gunfire environment using the Pulse Method SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS 1999: CONTAMINATION CONTROL - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Technical Meeting and Exposition of the IEST on Todays Training for Tomorrows World CY MAY 02-07, 1999 CL ONTARIO, CA SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE gunfire; "Sine-on-Random"; "Pulse Method"; zero-memory transform; harmonic wavelet AB In MIL-STD-810 Method 519 the response to gunfire vibration environment described by "sine-on-random" (SOR) can be predicted based upon measured physical parameters, e.g., size of gun, distance from gun, weight of materiel, etc. For the "Pulse Method" (PM) of laboratory gunfire replication (the recommended procedure in MIL-STD-810F), no corresponding prediction methodology is available because of the lack of measured data for methodology verification. It would appear that cases of substantial response to gunfire environment are best replicated in laboratory testing by means of the Phl. This paper is designed to investigate the possibility of utilizing the available gunfire environment prediction information for SOR with the PM. The paper reviews briefly the parameterized prediction procedure for response to gunfire environment described in terms of SOR. For modeling convenience the paper defines the SOR environment in terms of a nonlinear zero memory transformation (ZMT) polynomial model with single frequency sinusoidal input. A second analogous model purposes to define the PM. This paper provides an example of a set of conditions under which a specified discrete/random spectra could be useful in the laboratory replication according to the PM. Unfortunately, the SOR procedure provided in MIL-STD-810 cannot replicate the set of conditions. This example enforces the conclusion that the SOR method in MIL-STD-810 is inadequate for testing to substantial gunfire response environments. Appendix A provides the unique relationship between in phase sine wave amplitudes and the polynomial coefficients for the models. Appendix B notes a related topic concerned with the simulation of a measured gunfire response utilizing harmonic wavelets. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Life Cycle Environm Engn Branch,Airframe Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Merritt, RG (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Life Cycle Environm Engn Branch,Airframe Div, Code 476300D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-66-5 PY 1999 BP 154 EP 166 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN81R UT WOS:000083082600022 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI All-optical switching with a nonlinear chiral photonic bandgap structure SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSES AB A pump-probe optical switching mechanism that uses a nonlinear chiral photonic bandgap structure is proposed. The switching is achieved by shifting the bandgap of the structure; the chirality permits the use of the same frequency for the pump and the probe beam. The pump beam is never transmitted, so there is no dis; crimination problem. A new extension of the finite-difference time-domain technique is developed to simulate the propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a Kerr nonlinear chiral medium. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. [S0740-3224(98)00212-4]. OCIS codes: 230.1150, 190.4360. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Div, Code 4B4000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.000070 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 157NE UT WOS:000078067900010 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, A Es-Said, OS Marloth, R Hernandez, I Dizon, J Richardson, GY AF Gonzalez, A Es-Said, OS Marloth, R Hernandez, I Dizon, J Richardson, GY TI On the selection of durable coatings for cryogenic engine technology SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Many benefits can be realized by incorporating hydrostatic bearings into liquid hydrogen turbopumps; however, suitable material coatings must be used to avoid excessive wear during multiple starts and stops. Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond coatings were developed and tested at Phillips Laboratory for use as liquid hydrogen rocket turbopump bearing surfaces. A short list of coating materials other than diamond is suggested. Nine manufacturers out of fifty contacted are identified as capable of depositing durable coatings on Inconel 718. A cost effective low temperature tribometer based on the hydrostatic bearing application should be designed and built prior to performing full scale tests. C1 Hughes STX, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.1080/10426919908914808 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 167LL UT WOS:000078634200008 ER PT J AU Varma, SK Mahapatra, R Hernandez, C Chan, A Corral, E AF Varma, SK Mahapatra, R Hernandez, C Chan, A Corral, E TI Influence of processing on microstructures of Ti-44Al-11Nb alloy SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; BEHAVIOR; NB; DEFORMATION AB The cyclic and static oxidation behavior in the processing of Ti-44Al-11Nb alloy has been studied at 900, 950, and 1000 degrees C in air for a period of up to 168 hours (or a week). A recreation of diffusion paths for the oxide to penetrate into the base metal during every cycle results in the lower oxidation rates during cyclic mode compared to static mode. An extended period of heating time allows for the coarsening of the structure for both forms of alloys: polycrystalline and directionally solidified crystals. Coarsening and phase transformation in the heating period involves large amounts of dislocation activities in the lamellar structure as well as at the interface of lamellar structure and islands of gamma. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 6 BP 821 EP 835 DI 10.1080/10426919908914875 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 268JP UT WOS:000084410800003 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Ito, SI Le, AT AF Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Ito, SI Le, AT TI Epidemiology of illness and injury among US Navy and Marine Corps female training populations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES INFECTION; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; DESERT-STORM; RISK-FACTORS; RECRUITS; STRESS; MUSCULOSKELETAL; PROPHYLAXIS; MORBIDITY; SYMPTOMS AB Evidence suggests that female military populations are at greater risk than their male counterparts for certain training- and combat-related illnesses and injuries. The objective of this prospective, multisite, epidemiological study was to define the patterns of illness and injury in military women during training. We developed a computer-based outpatient tracking system for prospective data correction of all outpatient encounters for use at (1) Officer Candidate School (OCS), Quantico; (2) Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD), Parris Island; and (3) Recruit Training Command (RTC), Great Lakes. During the study period, 85.8% of OCS candidates (260 of 303), 72.4% of MCRD recruits (2,002 of 2,766), and 83.4% of RTC recruits (7,395 of 8,865) had at least one medical encounter during training. The most common category of medical encounters at all three sites was musculoskeletal. injury, followed by respiratory and dermatological disorders. This study establishes high morbidity rates and identifies medical priorities for preventive interventions in Marine Corps and Navy female trainees. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Shaffer, RA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200005 PM 9922638 ER PT S AU Roberts, MJ AF Roberts, MJ BE Kippelen, B Lackritz, HS Claus, RO TI Nonlinear optical films by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates SO ORGANIC NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium F on Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices, at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 06-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID POLYMER; POLYANION AB The formation of acentric films using alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) has been achieved on hydrophobic and hydrophilic glass substrates. APD is a layer-by-layer technique for the formation of polymer films by alternately immersing a substrate in aqueous solutions of a polyanion and a polycation. APD provides precise control of the overall film thickness that through automated processing may exceed a thousand layers. In this study, APD films were made of an NLO-active polycation, stilbazolium-substituted polyepichlorohydrin (SPECH), and NLO-inactive polyanions. The peak maximum W-Visible absorbance in transmission through the films was linear as a function of the number of bilayers. Second harmonic generation (SHG) was used as a tool to indicate acentric order of polarizable sidechain chromophores within the APD films. The SHG exhibited the expected quadratic intensity increase with film thickness. C1 US Dept Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), US Dept Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Div, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-468-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 561 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BN69D UT WOS:000082590800006 ER PT S AU Roberts, MJ Herman, WN Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ AF Roberts, MJ Herman, WN Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ BE Kippelen, B TI Nonlinear optical films by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices CY JAN 25-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agency DE organic thin films; active waveguide; alternating polyelectrolyte deposition ID POLYANION AB Acentric films of stilbazolium-substituted polyepichlorohydrin (SPECH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were formed using alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) on hydrophobic glass substrates. APD is a layer-by-layer technique for the formation of polymer films by alternately immersing a substrate in aqueous solutions of a polyanion and a polycation. APD provides precise control of the overall film thickness that through automated processing may exceed a thousand layers. The peak maximum UV-Visible absorbance in transmission through the SPECH/PSS films was linear as a function of the number of bilayers. Second harmonic generation (SHG) was used as a tool to indicate acentric order of polarizable side-chain chromophores within the APD films. The SHG exhibited the expected quadratic intensity increase with film thickness after 30 bilayers had been deposited. During slow temperature ramping of the SPECH/PSS APD films on hydrophobic glass, in situ SHG measurements revealed that 90% of the polar order is retained at temperatures well over 120 degrees C. The additional minima in the Maker fringe data, created by interference of the second harmonic waves generated at the two sides of a double-coated substrate, were found to go to zero, which is indicative of high quality films. The observed high thermal stability of the polar order makes the APD films attractive for device applications. C1 US Dept Navy, Naval Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), US Dept Navy, Naval Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat & Chem Branch, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3093-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3623 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.348392 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN13X UT WOS:000080851500016 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Vogl, O AF Zarras, P Vogl, O TI Polycationic salts as bile acid sequestering agents SO PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE bile acids; sequestering agents; polycationic salts ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ELASTIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; BILIARY LIPID SYSTEMS; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME; POLYMERIC SORBENTS; DRUG-THERAPY; CHOLESTEROL; SERUM AB A review of bile acid chemistry is included in this paper. The structures, chemistry, physiology and metabolism of the bile acids and their effects on the human body are discussed. Additionally, the precursor of bile acids are examined at length as are current treatments for diseases arising from high levels of cholesterol or the triglyceride carrying lipoproteins in blood plasma using bile-acid sequestering agents. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zarras, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM zarrasp@navair.navy.mil NR 213 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6700 J9 PROG POLYM SCI JI Prog. Polym. Sci. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 485 EP 516 DI 10.1016/S0079-6700(99)00002-7 PG 32 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 220GW UT WOS:000081657400002 ER PT S AU Borden, B AF Borden, B BE Miceli, WJ TI Techniques for appraising radar images formed from complex-valued measurements SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications IV CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE AB Traditional methods in image processing have not enjoyed an easy transition to radar data because most of these techniques are phase insensitive and generalizations have often not led to unique results. The desire to develop image reconstruction algorithms which are not 'phase blind' has well-recognized resolution and superresolution consequences since these algorithms are typically based upon complex Fourier techniques. In addition, standard radar imaging methods have employed a linear 'weak scatterer' target model to make a simple connection between target and scattered field-a model that is not always appropriate and which can cause deleterious image artifacts. Clearly, the accuracy of follow-on model appraisal requires more than simple 'resolution' analysis. Recently, several important ideas have been developed which help to bridge the gap between algorithmic image resolution 'enhancement' processing and usual radar image appraisal methods. We present a coordinated overview of some of the more promising of the techniques, including nonlinear Backus-Gilbert restoration and complex target modeling. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3296-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3810 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.364067 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN99H UT WOS:000083799000013 ER PT S AU Hewer, G Kenney, C Hanson, G Kuo, W Peterson, L AF Hewer, G Kenney, C Hanson, G Kuo, W Peterson, L BE Drummond, OE TI Detection of small objects using adaptive wavelet-based template matching SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1999 CY JUL 20-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE wavelets; matched filtering; covariance estimation; peer group averaging AB Wavelet-based detection algorithms are developed for detecting small targets in non-Gaussian clutter. A wavelet transform is applied to reduce spatial correlation of the clutter. An adaptive matched filter is applied in the wavelet transform domain which uses estimated covariance matrices derived from the wavelet coefficients. Two problems hinder the use of covariance estimates for background clutter removal: slow computational speed and induced false alarms resulting from nearly singular covariance estimates due to small sample sizes. The issue of speed is dealt with by evaluating the covariance matrices on a sparse grid followed by low order interpolation. To control the problem of bad covariance estimates we filter the grid generated covariance matrices to remove outliers using peer group averaging (PGA). This procedure removes the false alarm problem associated with nearly singular covariance estimates without degrading the overall performance of the clutter removal process. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, G (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3295-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3809 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.364011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN96H UT WOS:000083674300009 ER PT S AU Perez, I Davis, WR Kulowitch, P Dersch, MF AF Perez, I Davis, WR Kulowitch, P Dersch, MF BE LeMieux, DH Snell, JR TI Thermographic modeling of water entrapment SO THERMOSENSE XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXI CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE NDE; thermography; thermal models; calorimetric models; defects; water entrapment AB A common problem found in advanced structural materials is water entrapment. This problem is a major cause of material degradation. In metals if:can lead to corrosion and in composites it adds unnecessary weight to the structure and can lead to material degradation especially after freezing and thawing. Thermography has been investigated as a means of detecting water entrapment in metallic structures. A simple model has been derived that accurately describes the thermal response of these structures to short heat pulses. In this paper results on Aluminum panels with various amounts of water entrapment will be presented, Sensitivity relations will be derived and validated. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3174-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3700 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.342312 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM93Z UT WOS:000080193300006 ER PT S AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD BE Unser, MA Aldroubi, A Laine, AF TI Improved successive refinement for wavelet-based embedded image compression SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS IN SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet Applications in Signal and Image Processing VII CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE image compression; embedded coding; EZW; SPIHT; wavelet; successive refinement AB In this paper we consider a new form of successive coefficient refinement which can be used in conjunction with embedded compression algorithms like Shapiro's EZW (Embedded Zerotree Wavelet) and Said & Pearlman's SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees). Using the conventional refinement process, the approximation of a coefficient that was earlier determined to be significant is refined by transmitting one of two symbols- an 'up' symbol if the actual coefficient value is in the top half of the current uncertainty interval or a 'down' symbol if it is in the bottom half. In the modified scheme developed here, we transmit one of 3 symbols instead- 'up','down', or 'exact'. The new 'exact' symbol tells the decoder that its current approximation of a wavelet coefficient is 'exact' to the level of precision desired. By applying this scheme in earlier work to lossless embedded compression (also called lossy/lossless compression), we achieved significant reductions in encoder and decoder execution times with no adverse impact on compression efficiency. These excellent results for lossless systems have inspired us to adapt this refinement approach to lossy embedded compression. Unfortunately, the results we have achieved thus far for lossy compression are not as good. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3299-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3813 BP 941 EP 948 DI 10.1117/12.366767 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Optics GA BP12F UT WOS:000084180600084 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Tustison, RW TI Overview of progress in strengthening sapphire at elevated temperature SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; strength; twinning; doping; annealing; ion implantation; emittance; Grafoil ID GROWTH AB Loss of mechanical strength at high temperature Limits the thermal shock resistance of sapphire infrared windows and domes. The critical weakness is loss of compressive strength along the c-axis of the crystal. Compression causes twinning in the crystal. When twins intersect, a fracture forms at the intersection. The fracture initiates mechanical failure if sufficient tensile stress is present. Twinning is a property of the perfect crystal. Strategies for increasing the high-temperature compressive strength of sapphire are based on introducing crystal defects to inhibit twinning. Doping with Mg2+ or Ti4+ can double the compressive strength at 600 degrees C. Ion implantation increases the tensile strength by a factor of 2 at 300 degrees C. Placing a thin sheet of graphite (called Grafoil(R)) between sapphire and the test fixture in mechanical tests apparently reduces contact compressive stresses and increases the apparent strength of sapphire in many kinds of mechanical tests at 600 degrees C. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T42A0D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3179-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3705 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.354609 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69W UT WOS:000082635600001 ER PT S AU Harris, DC Johnson, LF AF Harris, DC Johnson, LF BE Tustison, RW TI Navy mechanical test results from the sapphire statistical characterization and risk reduction program SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; strength; polishing; annealing; coating; dome; window; infrared material ID TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH AB The 4-point flexure strength of sapphire in two different crystal orientations was measured between 227 and 600 degrees C. Two types of coupons were fabricated in a manner intended to mimic the way a hemispheric dome would be made. Bar 1 fails in tension at low temperature and from c-axis compression at elevated temperature. Bar 2 fails in tension at all temperatures. As-polished Bar 1 and Bar 2 in the present work are only about half as strong as comparable bars from previous work. Annealing increased the strength of Bar 2 by 50% at all temperatures and Bar 1 by 25% at low temperature. Annealing did not strengthen Bar 1 at 600 degrees C, at which temperature it fails in compression. A compressive coating had little effect on the strength of annealed bars. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T420AD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3179-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3705 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.354640 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69W UT WOS:000082635600006 ER PT J AU Huang, H Gaunaurd, GC AF Huang, H Gaunaurd, GC TI Transient diffraction of a plane step pressure pulse by a hard sphere: Neoclassical solution SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The transient diffraction of a plane step pressure pulse by a hard sphere is studied via the modal series solution in a neoclassical fashion. With the advent and availability of more powerful computers and increased sophistication of computational algorithms, it is now possible to (1) accurately compute the time histories of a sufficiently large number of terms of the modal series, and (2) use the Cesaro summation to completely eradicate the Gibbs' phenomenon effects. This approach can be utilized to obtain the diffracted field in the entire space-time region. In particular, a complete treatment is developed for the diffracted field at the shadow boundary and in its neighborhood where heretofore no satisfactory analytical solution exists. (C) 1998 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(98)06311-5]. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), 13200 Overbrook Lane, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. EM gaunaurd@oasys.dt.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 104 IS 6 BP 3236 EP 3244 DI 10.1121/1.423964 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 145JM UT WOS:000077367500015 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Steinke, WE Zhai, J Sykes, D AF Brown, JR Steinke, WE Zhai, J Sykes, D TI Aqua-reslin (TM) droplet analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aerosol droplet measurement; laser system droplet analysis; aerosol; hot wire; Aqua-Reslin (R); Teflon (R) slides; mosquito control; adulticide AB Aerosol droplets were collected, counted, and sorted using a laser system, the Army Insecticide Measuring System, Teflon(R)-coated slides, and magnesium oxide-coated slides. All droplets, for each method and replication, were generated by a London Aire 1820 or a Leco Model 1600. These data indicate that the Army Insecticide Measuring System or Teflon-coated slides are so closely similar to the laser that they could effectively be used in the field without an overwhelming loss in precision. C1 USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. AgrEvo, Montvale, NJ 07645 USA. AgrEvo, Madison, FL USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, POB 43,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 467 EP 469 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174BE UT WOS:000079013600018 PM 10084143 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI Solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation: Suppression of reflection from the grid boundary with a filtered split-operator approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB We present the split-operator approach, with an additional filtering step, for solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation that significantly suppresses the backreflection of waves from the grid boundaries. [S1063-651X(98)01712-7]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, Code 4B4000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 8049 EP 8051 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.8049 PN B PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 148PW UT WOS:000077541900083 ER PT J AU Koh, HJ Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW AF Koh, HJ Kim, NJ Lee, S Lee, EW TI Superplastic deformation behavior of a rapidly solidified Al-Li alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE superplasticity; aluminum-lithium alloys; thermo-mechanical processing; continuous recrystallization; high strain rate; rapid solidification ID MG AB This study aims at investigating the superplastic behavior of a rapidly solidified Al-3Li-1Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Zr (mass%) alloy. Although rapidly solidified AI-Li alloys have the very fine grain structure desirable for improved superplasticity, unfavorable oxide morphology often prevents them from being superplastic. The results of superplastic deformation indicated that the proper thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) of the alloy resulted in a much improved superplastic ductility, e.g, elongation of approximately 530%. In the case of testing at 520 degrees C, optimum strain rate of forming was 4 x 10(-2) s(-1), which was one or two orders of magnitude higher than that of ingot cast Al-Li alloys. Such a high strain rate was thought to be quite advantageous for the practical application of superplastic deformation of the alloy. It could also be seen that the microstructure of the deformed alloy was similar to that of the as-received or the TMT treated alloy since continuous recrystallization was accomplished by subgrain growth and the growth of primary grains was prevented by fine beta' (Al3Zr) particles. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 256 IS 1-2 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00790-4 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 142RF UT WOS:000077213600021 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Lindsay, GA Herman, WN Wynne, KJ AF Roberts, MJ Lindsay, GA Herman, WN Wynne, KJ TI Thermally stable nonlinear optical films by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition on hydrophobic substrates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Electroopt Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20657 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch, Code 4B2200D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 4 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 43 BP 11202 EP 11203 DI 10.1021/ja9822613 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 136JE UT WOS:000076855000030 ER PT J AU Christen, BR Moore, JL AF Christen, BR Moore, JL TI A descriptive analysis of "not aeronautically adaptable" dispositions in the US Navy SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RIGHT STUFF; PERSONALITY AB Background: All aviation personnel in the U.S. Navy are evaluated for aeronautical adaptability (AA) in both initial and periodic examinations and for daily aeromedical disposition. By definition, all aviation personnel with a diagnosed personality disorder or those with maladaptive personality traits that have had a documented effect on safety of flight, crew coordination, or mission completion, are determined to be Not Aeronautically Adapted (NAA). Methods: NAA dispositions were examined for demographic data, basis for disposition, and frequency of personality features. Results: NAA dispositions were made on the basis of personality disorders and maladaptive personality traits in 29% and 35% of the cases, respectively. The officer and enlisted NAA dispositions were distinctly different in terms of frequency of personality features. Obsessive-compulsive features were present in 58% of officer and 10% of enlisted NAA dispositions. Dependent and avoidant features were present in excess in comparison to psychologically healthy aviators, suggesting the incompatibility of these features with aviation. C1 Naval Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Christen, BR (reprint author), Naval Operat Med Inst, Code 032R,220 Hovey Rd,Naval Air Stn, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1071 EP 1075 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 133PA UT WOS:000076693900008 PM 9819164 ER PT J AU Knoke, JD Gray, GC Garland, FC AF Knoke, JD Gray, GC Garland, FC TI Testicular cancer and Persian Gulf War service SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Persian Gulf War; testicular cancer; hospitalization; selection effect; military medicine; cohort studies ID TESTIS AB We studied whether regular, active-duty servicemen deployed to the Persian Gulf War were at increased risk of testicular cancer compared with nondeployed Gulf War-era servicemen from August 1991 through March 31, 1996, using a Cox proportional hazards model for survival analysis with covariates. Race was an important predictor of hospitalization for testicular cancer [rate ratio (RR) = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12-0.29 for blacks, and RR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.39-0.91 for Hispanics, other, and unknown (combined), relative to whites]. Age effects were modest (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.91-1.56 for those of ages 22-25 years, and RR = 1.24; 95% CI = 0.96-1.59 for those of ages 26-31 years, compared with those of ages 17-21 years). Risk also varied with occupation (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.23-2.00 for those in electronic equipment repair; RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.01-1.58 for those in electrical/mechanical repair; and RR = 1.42; 95% CI 0.93-2.17 for those in construction-related trades, compared with those in other occupations). Deployment status was not important (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.86-1.29 for the deployed compared with the nondeployed). There was an increase in testicular cancer in the deployed group in the immediate postwar period that was consistent with a previous report of a standardized RR of 2.12; 95% CI = 1.11-4.02 (compared with the nondeployed group) in the last 5 months of 1991, but by 4 years after the end of deployment, the cumulative risks for the two groups were not different. An additional analysis suggested that the immediate postwar increase in the deployed was likely due to regression to the mean after a healthy serviceman selection effect for deployment and the deferment of care during deployment. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Emerging Illness, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Knoke, JD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, Div Emerging Illness, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 IS 6 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1097/00001648-199811000-00015 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 130BR UT WOS:000076499800015 PM 9799176 ER PT J AU Balas, GJ Packard, AK Renfrow, J Mullaney, C M'Closkey, RT AF Balas, GJ Packard, AK Renfrow, J Mullaney, C M'Closkey, RT TI Control of the F-14 aircraft lateral-directional axis during powered approach SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The design of linear controllers for the F-14 aircraft lateral-directional axis during powered approach using the structured singular-value (mu) framework is presented. Controllers are designed for an angle of attack of 10.5 deg and an airspeed of 137 kn, the on-speed flight condition, Each controller is implemented in a simplified nonlinear simulation and the full-order Fortran nonlinear simulation of the F-14, Pilot-in-the-loop simulations are used to verify their performance in the crewed flight simulator at the U.S. Naval Air Warfare Center, Patuxent River, Maryland, The mu controllers out perform the current analog and newly developed digital lateral-directional powered approach flight control system in pilot-in-the-loop simulations. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Balas, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM balas@aem.umn.edu NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 899 EP 908 DI 10.2514/2.4323 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 139HB UT WOS:000077021500012 ER PT J AU Stenger-Smith, JD Zarras, P Merwin, LH Shaheen, SE Kippelen, B Peyghambarian, N AF Stenger-Smith, JD Zarras, P Merwin, LH Shaheen, SE Kippelen, B Peyghambarian, N TI Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenylene vinylene), a conjugated polymer for light-emitting diodes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Stenger-Smith, JD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Kippelen, Bernard/I-4058-2013; Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013 OI Kippelen, Bernard/0000-0002-8417-7051; NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 31 IS 21 BP 7566 EP 7569 DI 10.1021/ma980865l PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 131LY UT WOS:000076578600061 ER PT J AU Wynne, KJ Ho, T Johnston, EE Myers, SA AF Wynne, KJ Ho, T Johnston, EE Myers, SA TI Surface science and stability of networks prepared from hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and methyltriethoxysilane SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE siloxane network; contact angle; sol-gel reaction; polydimethylsiloxane AB Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid networks have been prepared by the reaction of PDMS(OH)(2), average molecular weight 26 x 10(3), 43.6 x 10(3) and 58 x 10(3), and methyltriethoxysilane (MeTEOS, 10-60 wt%) using a dibutyltin dilaurate or dibutyltin diacetate catalyst. By hydrolysis and homo- and cocondensation, MeTEOS forms a siliceous domain (MeSD) and acts as a crosslinker for the PDMS domain, Kinetic studies showed that high MeTEOS and catalyst concentrations and reduction of free surface area favor fast gelation and efficiency in converting MeTEOS to the MeSD, Under the water-sparse conditions utilized, cure was slow and substantial evaporative loss of MeTEOS occurred. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Phys Sci S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Wynne, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD OCT-NOV PY 1998 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(199810/11)12:10/11<763::AID-AOC784>3.0.CO;2-C PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 128LX UT WOS:000076409200014 ER PT J AU Koffman, RL Berg, JS Moore, J AF Koffman, RL Berg, JS Moore, J TI Compulsive sexual behaviors - Difficult aeromedical disposition SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARAPHILIAS; ADDICTIONS; MEN; DISORDERS AB Axis I psychiatric disorders generally are considered incompatible with both the issuance and subsequent maintenance of aeromedical clearance certificates. Little doubt exists as to the impact that conditions such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, or substance-related disorders have on the conduct of safe flight. Nevertheless, different compulsive sexual behaviors (CSBs), which now are thought to share similar origins and associated comorbidity, can similarly affect impulse control, judgment, concentration, and insight. Yet, these conditions frequently are handled administratively (if not legally). Moreover, in practice (CSBs fall within a spectrum of behaviors from "normative" nonparaphilic sexuality to more deviant paraphilic behavior. Through the presentation of five selected cases seen at the Naval Operational Medicine Institute, this article explores examiner difficulty in establishing a diagnosis, discusses models useful in understanding the origins of these disorders, and highlights critical elements in establishing aeromedical disposition. The authors conclude that CSBs may be associated with anxiety, dysphoria, a pattern of increased risk taking, a high threshold for arousal, and poor judgment, which may impact the safety of flight. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation is essential in determining aeromedical disposition, and consideration should be given to reviewing these cases from a medical perspective prior to any administrative disposition. C1 USN, Operat Med Inst, Naval Air Stn, Dept Psychiat, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Koffman, RL (reprint author), USS Carl Vinson, FPO, AP 96629 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1001 EP 1006 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 123KY UT WOS:000076125400014 PM 9773905 ER PT J AU Knoke, JD Gray, GC AF Knoke, JD Gray, GC TI Hospitalizations after the Gulf War - Reply to K.M. Leisure et al. SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Knoke, JD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 709 EP 709 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500035 ER PT J AU Hanson, GA Iltis, RA Kenney, C AF Hanson, GA Iltis, RA Kenney, C TI Minimax detection for signals with unknown parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Minimax detectors are often used for the detection of signals with unknown parameters in additive white Gaussian noise. Several minimax strategies are discussed for both real and complex signals, including one based on the least favorable distribution of the unknown parameters and a second, distribution-free method based on the worst case parameter values, Also discussed are the relationships between these minimax detectors and equal correlation filters for real signals and equal deflection quadratic detectors for complex signals. Conditions are given under which the two different minimax strategies produce identical detectors. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Commun Networks Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hanson, GA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 472C00D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1192 DI 10.1109/7.722706 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 127WF UT WOS:000076373000009 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Shafer, MA Shaffer, RA Boyer, CE Putnam, SD Wignall, FS Thomas, RJ Bales, B Schachter, J AF Brodine, SK Shafer, MA Shaffer, RA Boyer, CE Putnam, SD Wignall, FS Thomas, RJ Bales, B Schachter, J TI Asymptomatic sexually transmitted disease prevalence in four military populations: Application of DNA amplification assays for Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; URETHRAL INFECTIONS; URINE; MEN; DIAGNOSIS AB The prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial and gonococcal infections in male and female military populations was determined using urine-based ligase chain reaction DNA amplification assays (DAAs). Cross-sectional surveys in four military settings revealed an overall prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial infection of 4.2% (56/1338), This included 3.4% (21/618) of Western Pacific shipboard US Marine Corps enlisted men; 5.2% (21/406) of male marines shore-based in Okinawa, Japan; 2.7% (5/183) of female enlisted US Navy subtender personnel in dry dock; and 6.9% (9/131) of shore-based female naval personnel in San Die,oo. No gonococcal infections were detected. All subjects were treated within 2 weeks of screening; none of them had progressed to symptomatic disease. General population-based screening for asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases, and in particular chlamydial infection, can be successfully implemented using urine-based DAA tests. Benefits are maximized in a population in which compliance for follow-up therapy is high. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Navy Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Marine Expeditionary Forces, Okinawa, Japan. RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 178 IS 4 BP 1202 EP 1204 DI 10.1086/515685 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 125QF UT WOS:000076248000045 PM 9806061 ER PT J AU McKeown, MJ Makeig, S Brown, GG Jung, TP Kindermann, SS Bell, AJ Sejnowski, TJ AF McKeown, MJ Makeig, S Brown, GG Jung, TP Kindermann, SS Bell, AJ Sejnowski, TJ TI Modes or models: a critique on independent component analysis for fMRI - Response SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McKeown, MJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, 227D Bryan Res Bldg,Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM martin.mckeown@duke.edu NR 0 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1364-6613 J9 TRENDS COGN SCI JI TRENDS COGN. SCI. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 2 IS 10 BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 171PN UT WOS:000078872700002 ER PT J AU Nielsen, AT Chafin, AP Christian, SL Moore, DW Nadler, MP Nissan, RA Vanderah, DJ Gilardi, RD George, CF Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Nielsen, AT Chafin, AP Christian, SL Moore, DW Nadler, MP Nissan, RA Vanderah, DJ Gilardi, RD George, CF Flippen-Anderson, JL TI Synthesis of polyazapolycyclic caged polynitramines SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; TERTIARY-AMINES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE; NITRAMINES; NITROSAMINES; GLYOXAL; HEXANITROHEXAZAISOWURTZITANE; DISSOCIATION; CONDENSATION AB Syntheses of new polyazapolycyclic caged polynitramines are described. Sequentially reacting 4, 10-dibenzyl-2,6,8, 12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8, 10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (5a) with NOBF4 and NO2BF4 in sulfolane solvent produces 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8, 10, 12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo-[5.5.0.0(5,9).0(3,11)]dodecane, 6). Syntheses of two new polyazapolycyclic caged trinitramines, 3,5,12-trinitro-3,5,12-triazawurtzitane (7a) and 2,4,10-trinitro-2,4, 10-triazaadamantane (12a), as well as their labile parent secondary amines, are discussed. A new caged polynitrosamine, 3,5,12-trinitroso-3,5,12-triazawurtzitane (7d), has been obtained by ring-cleavage nitrosation of the new hexamine-wurtzitane compound 3,5,7,9-tetraazahexacyclo-[9.3.1.1(3,7).0(2,9).0(4,13).0(5,10)]-hexadecane (10). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Ctr, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nielsen, AT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Ctr, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 86 TC 235 Z9 260 U1 1 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 54 IS 39 BP 11793 EP 11812 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 117GA UT WOS:000075771500008 ER PT J AU Strifors, HC Gaunaurd, GC AF Strifors, HC Gaunaurd, GC TI Scattering of electromagnetic pulses by simple-shaped targets with radar cross section modified by a dielectric coating SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; radar cross sections ID FREQUENCY SIGNAL ANALYSIS; WIGNER DISTRIBUTION; TIME SIGNALS; TOOL AB We study the scattering interaction of electromagnetic pulses with a spherical target. The target is a perfectly conducting sphere coated with a thin dielectric layer. Two different hypothetical materials are specified: a lossy dielectric and a dielectric that also has magnetic losses. The monostatic radar cross section (RCS) is computed in each case and we examine the influence of the coating on the RCS. In particular, we compare the RCS of the coated sphere with the (normalized) backscattered power when a large perfectly conducting hat plate coated with the same dielectric layer is illuminated at normal incidence by the same waveform. In particular, rye find that except for frequencies below those within the efficiency band of the absorbent material, the normalized RCS of the coated sphere agrees well with the power reflection coefficient of the plate covered with the same kind of coating. For low-frequency incidences, the peaks and dips in the RCS are more prominent for the coated target than they are for the bare one. Analyzing the response of the spherical targets in the combined time-frequency domain we demonstrate that the coating itself, although reducing the RCS could introduce additional resonance features in the target's signature at low frequencies that could be used for target recognition purposes. This observation is also confirmed by a study of the bistatic RCS of these coated objects, which we have displayed in various color graphs. C1 Natl Def Res Estab, S-17290 Sundbyberg, Sweden. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Strifors, HC (reprint author), Natl Def Res Estab, FOA-6, S-17290 Sundbyberg, Sweden. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1252 EP 1262 DI 10.1109/8.719967 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 122XA UT WOS:000076095700002 ER PT J AU Hewer, G Kenney, C Manjunath, BS AF Hewer, G Kenney, C Manjunath, BS TI Variational image segmentation using boundary functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE boundary functions; variational segmentation AB A general variational framework for image approximation and segmentation is introduced. By using a continuous "line-process" to represent edge boundaries, it is possible to formulate a variational theory of image segmentation and approximation in which the boundary function has a simple explicit form in terms of the approximation function. At the same time, this variational framework is general enough to include the most commonly used objective functions. Application is made to Mumford-Shah type functionals as well as those considered by Geman and others. Employing arbitrary L-p norms to measure smoothness and approximation allows the user to alternate between a least squares approach and one based on total variation, depending on the needs of a particular image. Since the optimal boundary function that minimizes the associated objective functional for a given approximation function can be found explicitly, the objective functional can be expressed in a reduced form that depends only on the approximating function. From this a partial differential equation (PDE) descent method, aimed at minimizing the objective functional, is derived. The method is fast and produces excellent results as illustrated by a number of real and synthetic image problems. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM manj@ece.ucsb.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1269 EP 1282 DI 10.1109/83.709660 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 113HJ UT WOS:000075544600005 PM 18276339 ER PT J AU Lin, S Gensburg, L Marshall, EG Roth, GB Dlugosz, L AF Lin, S Gensburg, L Marshall, EG Roth, GB Dlugosz, L TI Effects of maternal work activity during pregnancy on infant malformations SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CONGENITAL-DEFECTS; WOMEN AB This article examines the association between two birth defects, neural tube defects and oral cleft defects, and maternal physical work demands during the per periconceptional period. A case-control st study was conducted by comparing exposure characteristics of mothers of malformed infants, as ascertained from the New York State Congenital Malformations Registry (n = 520), with mothers of non-malformed infants (n = 1154). Case groups were further subdivided on whether infants had additional defects. Occupational exposure information was collected from a self-administered questionnaire, and demographic variables from vital records, The results showed no general differences between cases and controls in most variables. However, those infants with cleft defects plus additional defects tended to have a marginally increased risk (odds ratio = 1.76; 95 % confidence interval, 1.02-3.21) in relation to maternal jobs requiring standing (greater than or equal to 75 % of time). We suggest that exposure assessment be improved and defects subdivided for future studies. C1 Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Bur Occupat Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12203 USA. USN, Geocenters Inc, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lin, S (reprint author), Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, New York State Dept Hlth, 1215 Western Ave,Room 105, Albany, NY 12203 USA. OI Lin, Shao/0000-0002-5535-7504 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 40 IS 9 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1097/00043764-199809000-00013 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 121MG UT WOS:000076017100012 PM 9777568 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ AF Roberts, MJ Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ TI Polar films for nonlinear optics formed by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 626-POLY BP U203 EP U203 PN 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WZ UT WOS:000075235100623 ER PT J AU Cowan, DN Gray, GC DeFraites, RF AF Cowan, DN Gray, GC DeFraites, RF TI Counterpoint: Responding to inadequate critique of birth defects paper SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; VETERANS C1 Exponent Hlth Grp, Landover, MD 20785 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Off Army Surgeon Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Cowan, DN (reprint author), Exponent Hlth Grp, 8201 Corp Dr,Suite 680, Landover, MD 20785 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 4 BP 326 EP 327 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 109VN UT WOS:000075344700003 PM 9717874 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Knoke, JD Berg, SW Wignall, FS Barrett-Connor, E AF Gray, GC Knoke, JD Berg, SW Wignall, FS Barrett-Connor, E TI Counterpoint: Responding to suppositions and misunderstandings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; UNITED-STATES-NAVY C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Hampton Hlth Dept, Hampton, VA USA. AEA Int, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 4 BP 328 EP 333 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 109VN UT WOS:000075344700004 PM 9717875 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Hawksworth, AW Smith, TC Kang, HK Knoke, JD Gackstetter, GD AF Gray, GC Hawksworth, AW Smith, TC Kang, HK Knoke, JD Gackstetter, GD TI Gulf War veterans' health registries. Who is most likely to seek evaluation? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diagnosis; military medicine; Persian Gulf syndrome; risk factors; veterans ID OPERATION-DESERT-STORM; PERSIAN-GULF; SHIELD AB Since the Persian Gulf War ended in 1991, many veterans have sought medical evaluation in the Department of Veterans Affairs Persian Gulf Veterans' Health Registry (VA registry) or the Department of Defense's Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program (DoD registry). Using combined data collected from 1993 to 1997 from the VA and DoD registries, the authors compared the characteristics of registry participants (n = 74,653) with those of all Gulf War veterans (n = 696,531) to determine the personnel most likely to seek medical evaluation. Using multiple logistic regression, the authors found that service branch and type were strongly associated with registry participation, with Army (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6-4.9) and National Guard (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.5-2.6) personnel at highest odds compared with reference category personnel. Registry participants also were more likely to have been stationed in the Gulf War theater during the fighting (OR = 2.2), to be older(>31 years/<22 years OR = 2.1), to have been an enlisted person (OR = 2.0), to have been construction workers (OR = 1.3), to be female (OR = 1.3), and to have been hospitalized during the 12-month period before the war (OR = 1.2). These findings are useful in generating hypotheses regarding postwar morbidity. They also suggest that subpopulations of Gulf War veterans have a higher prevalence of symptoms and merit further study. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 109VN UT WOS:000075344700007 PM 9717877 ER PT J AU Lodha, GS Yamashita, K Kunieda, H Tawara, Y Yu, J Namba, Y Bennett, JM AF Lodha, GS Yamashita, K Kunieda, H Tawara, Y Yu, J Namba, Y Bennett, JM TI Effect of surface roughness and subsurface damage on grazing-incidence x-ray scattering and specular reflectance SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ALUMINUM FILMS; REFLECTIVITY; MIRRORS AB Grazing-incidence specular reflectance and near-specular scattering were measured at AI-K, (1.486-keV, 8.34-Angstrom) radiation an uncoated dielectric substrates whose surface topography had been measured with a scanning probe microscope and a mechanical profiler. Grazing-incidence specular reflectance was also measured on selected substrates at the Cu-K-alpha (8.047-keV, 1.54-Angstrom) wavelength. Substrates included superpolished and conventionally polished fused silica; SiO2 wafers; superpolished and precision-ground Zerodur; conventionally polished, float-polished, and precision-ground BK-7 glass; and superpolished and precision-ground silicon carbide. Roughnesses derived from x-ray specular reflectance and scattering measurements mere in good agreement with topographic roughness values measured with a scanning probe microscope (atomic force microscope) and a mechanical profiler that included similar ranges of surface spatial wavelengths. The specular reflectance was also found to be sensitive to the density of polished surface layers and subsurface damage down to the penetration depth of the x rays. Density gradients and subsurface damage were found in the superpolished fused-silica and precision-ground Zerodur samples. These results suggest that one can nondestructively evaluate subsurface damage in transparent materials using grazing-incidence x-ray specular reflectance in the 1.5-8-keV range. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Chubu Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kasugai, Aichi 487, Japan. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lodha, GS (reprint author), Ctr Adv Technol, Indore 452013, India. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5239 EP 5252 DI 10.1364/AO.37.005239 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 106AJ UT WOS:000075107300030 PM 18286003 ER PT J AU Miles, MH AF Miles, MH TI Cold fusion controversy SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 76 IS 28 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 101UN UT WOS:000074886700007 ER PT J AU Jansen, DL Meade, BD Lynn, F Gray, GC Putnam, SD AF Jansen, DL Meade, BD Lynn, F Gray, GC Putnam, SD TI Evaluation of pertussis in US Marine Corps trainees - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID OPERATION-DESERT-SHIELD; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PENICILLIN-G; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIONS; BENZATHINE; MILITARY; VACCINE C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Jansen, DL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-490, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 231 EP 232 DI 10.1086/517693 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZZ690 UT WOS:000074756900057 ER PT J AU Moni, S AF Moni, S TI Application-specific image compression for multimedia applications SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article AB In order to establish a synergy between the compression scheme and the intended processing of the compressed image, we develop a family of compression algorithms that can adapt to the specialized requirements imposed by the application. The focus of this work is on wavelet-based compression for still images. A family of eight compression schemes is proposed to address specialized multimedia requirements such as (i) partial evaluation of wavelet coefficients, (ii) asymptotic losslessness of the algorithms, (iii) tree-structure in the selected coefficients, and (iv) optimization of either energy compaction or coefficient retention. Experimental results, including fraction of coefficients evaluated, rate-distortion performance, and coefficient retention are presented. (C) 1998 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(98)00503-0]. C1 Cadence Design Syst, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Moni, S (reprint author), Cadence Design Syst, 555 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL PY 1998 VL 7 IS 3 BP 464 EP 473 DI 10.1117/1.482589 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 222XZ UT WOS:000081811800007 ER PT J AU Sze, C Gulari, E Demczyk, BG AF Sze, C Gulari, E Demczyk, BG TI Structure of coprecipitated gold-iron oxide catalyst materials SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; Mossbauer spectroscopy; surface diffusion; surface energy; surface segregation; gold; iron oxide; catalyst ID TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR AB Ultra-fine gold particles supported on iron oxide have been synthesized by coprecipitation and subsequently heat treated in air at temperatures of 200 degrees C and above. Structure analyses have revealed Variations in the degree of crystallinity of the iron oxide support as well as gold particle size and size distribution with heat treatment temperature. Significantly, X-ray diffraction reveals an ultra fine crystallite structure in as-prepared and lower temperature heat treated samples, while Mossbauer spectroscopy suggests the possibility of gold incorporation into the alpha-Fe2O3 phase in the lower temperature annealed samples. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Demczyk, BG (reprint author), USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Energet Mat Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1-4 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(97)00289-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZY510 UT WOS:000074629000003 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Barrett, TL Smith, WF Skelton, HM AF Smith, KJ Barrett, TL Smith, WF Skelton, HM TI A review of tumor suppressor genes in cutaneous neoplasms with emphasis on cell cycle regulators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE tumor-suppressor; cell cycle; p53; RB ID WILD-TYPE P53; DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; RETINOBLASTOMA SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; DISTINCT DELETED REGIONS; NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCERS; GERMLINE MUTATIONS; PROTEIN-KINASE; S-PHASE; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; HOMOZYGOUS DELETIONS AB Cells normally have five options. These include renewal or proliferation, terminal differentiation, quiescence, senescence, and apoptosis. Many factors interact with cell cycle regulators to direct the cells toward these different options. Tumor suppressor genes play a pivotal role in this process. Alterations in these genes may limit the options that cells have and thus play a significant role in the multistep process of carcinogenesis. We will focus on tumor suppressor genes and especially tumor suppressor genes that interact directly with the cell cycle proteins. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. Lab Corp Amer, Herndon, VA USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 138 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 20 IS 3 BP 302 EP 313 DI 10.1097/00000372-199806000-00015 PG 12 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA ZT585 UT WOS:000074102600015 PM 9650707 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI Describing the state of a stochastic process SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The conventional way of mathematically describing the state of a classical stochastic process is criticized. A different approach, which emphasizes the important role of conditioning, is recommended. (C) 1998 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch 4B4000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch 4B4000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM dtg@rattler.chinalake.navy.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 6 BP 533 EP 536 DI 10.1119/1.18895 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA ZR866 UT WOS:000074022600012 ER PT J AU Hicks, CW Hwang, HS Steer, MB Mink, JW Harvey, JF AF Hicks, CW Hwang, HS Steer, MB Mink, JW Harvey, JF TI Spatial power combining for two-dimensional structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Topical Symposium on Millimeter Waves CY JUL 07-08, 1997 CL SHONAN VILLAGE CTR, HAYAMA, JAPAN SP USAF, Off Sci Res, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techn Soc HO SHONAN VILLAGE CTR DE power combining ID WAVE-GUIDE AB The two-dimensional (2-D) hybrid dielectric slab-beam open and closed waveguide systems are suitable for the design of planar quasi-optical integrated circuits and devices. An open system consisting of an active E-plane amplifier array consisting of Vivaldi-type antennas with MESFET and monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) devices was investigated. The 4 x 1 MESFET amplifier array generated 11 and 4.5 dB of amplifier and system gain, respectively, at 7.12 GHz, and the cascade MMIC Vivaldi-type antenna produced 24 dB of amplifier gain at 8.4 GHz, Also, experiments on a new 2-D H-plane parallel-plate closed system with a stripline slot antenna is introduced, and the wavebeam-mode theory is presented. The new system minimizes scattering and isolation losses associated with open structures. The amplifier gain of the closed system based on slot antennas is compared to the open system based on Vivaldi antennas. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Comp & Commun, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hicks, CW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Comp & Commun, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 46 IS 6 BP 784 EP 791 DI 10.1109/22.681201 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA ZQ886 UT WOS:000073912900010 ER PT J AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC TI Durable 3-5 mu m transmitting infrared window materials SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared; ultraviolet; visible; MgF2 ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ZINC-SULFIDE; SAPPHIRE; RESISTANCE; EROSION; DEPENDENCE; CERAMICS; SILICON; SURFACE AB Properties of 3-5 mu m infrared-transmitting window materials are reviewed, with an emphasis on durable materials for applications in environments involving moisture, impact by solid and liquid particles, high temperatures and rapid heating rates. Infrared, visible and ultraviolet transmission windows are compared for MgF2, aluminum oxynitride, sapphire, spinel, MgO, Y2O3, calcium aluminate, SiO2, CaF2, LiF, ZnS, ZnSe, GaAs, GaP, Si and Ge. Emission at elevated temperature, reflection and optical scatter are also discussed. A comparison of mechanical and thermal properties is given, as is a brief discussion of rain and particle erosion resistance. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Weapons, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Weapons, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 80 TC 123 Z9 134 U1 9 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 4 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(98)00006-1 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA ZZ616 UT WOS:000074748000002 ER PT J AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Lindberg, JF AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Lindberg, JF TI Magnetization and magnetostriction of dendritic [112] TbxDyyHozFe1.95 (x+y+z=1) rods under compressive stress SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials / International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, TMS, Off Naval Res, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Amer Ceram Soc AB The field dependencies of the magnetization and magnetostriction of the Laves phase pseudobinary TbxDyyHozFe1.95 (x + y + z = 1) compounds were measured as a function of compressive stress T (10 MPa < \T\ < 70 MPa) and applied magnetic field H (0 < H< 135 kA/m). Values of x, y, and z were chosen to obtain minimum magnetic anisotropy and easy magnetization axis rotation near room temperature. At a compressive stress of 34 MPa, the addition of Ho to the binary Tb1-xDyxFe1.95 compound reduced the width of the strain versus magnetic field hysteresis curves in Tb0.28Dy0.57Ho0.15Fe1.95 and Tb0.26Dy0.54Ho0.2Fe1.95 by 23% and 54%, respectively, compared to the original alloy, while the strains were reduced by only 7% and 10%. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)34411-4]. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 684, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM wunfogle@oasys.dt.navy.mil NR 3 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 11 BP 7279 EP 7281 DI 10.1063/1.367700 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152UQ UT WOS:000077795500352 ER PT J AU Lindgren, EA Haroush, S Poret, JC Mazzatesta, AD Rosen, M Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Lindberg, JF AF Lindgren, EA Haroush, S Poret, JC Mazzatesta, AD Rosen, M Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Lindberg, JF TI Development of Terfenol-D transducer material SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials / International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, TMS, Off Naval Res, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Amer Ceram Soc AB Terfenol-D, Tb1-xDyxFe2 (x congruent to 0.7), is successfully used as a magnetostrictive transducer material for low-frequency applications. To extend the frequency range of magnetostrictive transducers into the high kHz and MHz range, new materials processing techniques must be developed to minimize eddy current losses. The method that has demonstrated the greatest potential to date is based on rapid solidification by melt spinning to obtain thin strips of material. The objective of this program includes refining the casting procedure to yield ribbons with the [111] direction oriented along the length of the ribbon, with the (110) plane in the plane of the ribbon. The crystallographic orientation of the Terfenol-D ribbons have been controlled by varying the cooling rate of the melt-spinning process. The cooling rates were controlled by a number of parameters in the melt-spinning process and ribbons have been obtained with an enhancement of the (110) plane parallel to the surface of the ribbon. Magnetostrictive measurements under tensile stresses up to 3 MPa and magnetic fields up to 4 kOe yielded magnetostrictive displacements of 850 x 10(-6). (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)25711-2]. C1 Ind Qual Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div Code 684, Bethesda, MD 20917 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Underwater Warfare Ctr Code 213, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lindgren, EA (reprint author), Ind Qual Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 11 BP 7282 EP 7284 DI 10.1063/1.367618 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152UQ UT WOS:000077795500353 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE AF Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE TI Piezomagnetic properties, saturation magnetostriction, and Delta E effect in DyZn at 77 K SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials / International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, TMS, Off Naval Res, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Amer Ceram Soc ID CRYSTAL AB Young's modulus, magnetization, and magnetostriction measurements were made as a function of applied magnetic field (0 < H < 160 kA/m) and compressive stress (8.5 MPa < \T\ < 57.3 MPa) in [100] single crystal DyZn at 77 K. Piezomagnetic d constants greater than 300 nm/A and changes in Young's modulus greater than 40 GPa were found. Pronounced features are abrupt changes in the elastic moduli, magnetostriction, and coupling factors arising from "jumps" in the magnetization occurring as the moment changes from one easy [100] axis to another. The characteristic magnetic fields at which this change occurs depend strongly upon the stress induced magnetic anisotropy. Magnetomechanical coupling factors reach 0.91. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)34511-9]. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Restorff, JB (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 684, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 11 BP 7288 EP 7290 DI 10.1063/1.367701 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 152UQ UT WOS:000077795500355 ER PT J AU Lange, MD Storm, DF Cole, T AF Lange, MD Storm, DF Cole, T TI Molecular-beam epitaxy of InTlAs SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II - VI Materials CY OCT 21-23, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA SP USA, CECOM, NVESD, USA, SSDC, USN, Off Naval Res, USAF, Air Force Wright Lab, Amer Phys Soc, Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc DE InAs; InTlAs; molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE); thallium; TlAs ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INFRARED DETECTOR MATERIAL; GROWTH; GAAS AB We have investigated growth of LnTlAs and TlAs by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) onto both InAs-buffered and unbuffered GaAs substrates. In accordance with more recent predictions by the theorists who originally proposed InTlAs and two other related thallium-based compounds for long-wave infrared applications, we have observed experimentally that incorporation of: thallium into InTlAs is indeed difficult by MBE. In fact, to date we have found a possible hint of appreciable InTlAs formation in only one of our attempted growths: one which was conducted at a growth temperature around 420 degrees C on a highly defective InAs buffer. However, TlAs formation (although highly defective) was apparently obtained at a growth temperature around 200 degrees C on a good InAs buffer. Moreover, although TI has proven to be very difficult to incorporate into InTlAs by MBE, we have discovered that the presence of a Tl flux during InAs growth consistency permits good growth of InAs, even at growth temperatures far below those normally optimal for InAs MBE. C1 USN, Phys Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Virgin Isl, Div Sci & Math, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Lange, MD (reprint author), USN, Phys Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 536 EP 541 DI 10.1007/s11664-998-0011-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA ZV637 UT WOS:000074325800011 ER PT J AU Tran, P Elson, JM AF Tran, P Elson, JM TI Banded method of ordered multiple interaction for the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a rough surface SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; MATRIX ITERATIVE APPROACH; BACKSCATTERING ENHANCEMENT; RANDOMLY ROUGH; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB We present a banded method of ordered multiple interaction (MOMI) for the scattering of electromagnetic waves by a one-dimensional, perfectly conducting, randomly rough surface. The forward and backward substitution of the MOMI is carried out with a banded-matrix forward and backward substitution approach that scales as N log N for large N, where N is the number of unknowns. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, Code 4B4000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1643 EP 1646 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.15.001643 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZP471 UT WOS:000073756800017 ER PT J AU Trent, LK Hurtado, SL AF Trent, LK Hurtado, SL TI Longitudinal trends and gender differences in physical fitness and lifestyle factors in career US Navy personnel (1983-1994) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Navy Occupational Health and Preventive Medicine Workshop CY FEB 07-14, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA AB This study examines long-term health and physical readiness trends in the U.S. Navy. We mailed lifestyle questionnaires to all participants in baseline studies between 1983 and 1989 who were still on active duty in 1994. Commands provided body composition and physical readiness test scores for the participants. Two longitudinal cohorts were created: an 8-year sample (N = 640) with matched data from 1986, 1989, and 1994; and an 11-year sample (N = 1,576), with data from 1983 and 1994. Analyses of both cohorts revealed significant improvements in cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, exercise, lean body mass, dietary habits, and sleep, as well as significant decreases in tobacco and alcohol use and job stress. However, hypertension rates, percentage of body fat, and body mass index increased over time. Women's scores were significantly better than men's on a number of factors. Overall, these findings suggest that the Navy's health promotion efforts have had a significant positive effect on the fitness and health behaviors of career Navy men and women. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trent, LK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 163 IS 6 BP 398 EP 407 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU485 UT WOS:000074202800014 PM 9640037 ER PT J AU Reed, RJ Martino, J Eyestone, SM Pugh, WM AF Reed, RJ Martino, J Eyestone, SM Pugh, WM TI The field hospital at Zagreb: Tri-service medical care in a peacekeeping operation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this investigation was to provide military medical planners with insights into the specific materiel, skills, and information requirements demanded by humanitarian missions through review of approximately 16,000 records from a tri-service medical patient database used at the held hospital in Zagreb, Croatia, during Operation Provide Promise. This review describes (1) the origin, rationale, structure, and implementation of the database; (2) the patients who used medical services provided by the hospital; (3) the diagnoses encountered in outpatient visits, admissions, and surgical operations; and (4) the distribution of medical services used by various subgroups of interest. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Reed, RJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 163 IS 6 BP 413 EP 419 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU485 UT WOS:000074202800016 PM 9640039 ER PT J AU Altmann, KL Chafin, AP Merwin, LH Wilson, WS Gilardi, R AF Altmann, KL Chafin, AP Merwin, LH Wilson, WS Gilardi, R TI Chemistry of tetraazapentalenes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VICARIOUS NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; HIGH-DENSITY; DERIVATIVES; OXIDATION; AMINATION; HYDROGEN AB 2,4,8, 10-Tetranitrobenzotriazolo[2, 1-alpha]benzotriazole (TACOT), although thermally very stable and insensitive as an explosive, is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles. Reaction with azide ion results in displacement of nitro groups at the 4,10-positions, treatment with methoxide ion effects displacement of the hydrogen atom at the 1-position and scission of the remote triazole ring, while "vicarious nucleophilic amination" displaces all the aromatic hydrogens. 3,5,7-Trinitro-1,3,3-triazolo[2, 1-alpha]benzotriazole and 3,5,7-trinitro-1,2,3-triazolo[1,2-alpha]benzotriazole are prepared readily by nitration of the parent triazolobenzotriazoles. However they are thermally less stable than TACOT and more sensitive to initiation by impact. Furthermore, attempted further nitration and reaction with nucleophiles such as azide and methoxide ions both effect scission of the triazole ring to leave 4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilson, WS (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 63 IS 10 BP 3352 EP 3356 DI 10.1021/jo972252x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA ZP599 UT WOS:000073769600033 ER PT J AU Hasan, Z Solonenko, M Macfarlane, PI Biyikli, L Mathur, VK Karwacki, FA AF Hasan, Z Solonenko, M Macfarlane, PI Biyikli, L Mathur, VK Karwacki, FA TI Persistent high density spectral holeburning in CaS : Eu and CaS : Eu,Sm phosphors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; STORAGE AB Persistent spectral hole-burning has been reported for singly, flu-doped, and doubly, Eu-and Sm-doped, CaS phosphors. Efficient photon gated holeburning in the 4f(7) (S-8(7/2)) - 4f(6)5d(1) transition of Eu2+ is a result of photoionization of Eu2+ to Eu3+. These holes have a width of <5 GHz (2 K), survive thermal cycling of the phosphor up to the room temperature, 300 K, and have no detectable deterioration over more than a day of storage time at low temperature (2 K). Although self-gated holeburning is observed with the reading laser at higher powers, the photon budget for reading these holes is so small that in excess of 1000 reading cycles can De performed without destroying the optical signal. The nature of holes burned by photon-gating is found to be very different from the self-gated holes. The characteristics for the holeburning are the same in singly and doubly doped phosphors, suggesting that under the conditions of our experiments, Sm traps do not play any significant role in spectral holeburning. Possibilities of high density optical memory storage using photon-gated holeburning in this THz broad transition are discussed. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)02019-1]. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 1998 VL 72 IS 19 BP 2373 EP 2375 DI 10.1063/1.121360 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ZM442 UT WOS:000073540600007 ER PT J AU Buono, MJ Heaney, JH Canine, KM AF Buono, MJ Heaney, JH Canine, KM TI Acclimation to humid heat lowers resting core temperature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat storage; high wet-bulb temperature; temperature regulation; resting body temperature ID THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; MUSCLE METABOLISM; BLOOD-FLOW; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE AB The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a reduction in resting rectal temperature (T-re) is partially responsible for the attenuation in the rise of core temperature during heat exposure following acclimation to humid heat. Nine male volunteers completed 7 days of acclimation, performing 2 h of exercise per day in a hot, humid environment (35 degrees C, 75% relative humidity). Mean (+/-SD) ending T-re significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 38.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C on day 2 to 38.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C on day 7. Likewise, mean (+/-SD) resting T-re significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 37.0 +/- 0.3 to 36.7 +/- 0.4 degrees C. In fact, all nine men showed a decrease in resting T-re from day 1 to day 7, ranging from -0.1 to -0.5 degrees C. In addition, resting T-re and ending T-re were significantly correlated (r = 0.68). However, the mean increases in T-re tending T-re minus resting T-re) and heat storage that occurred on each of the 7 acclimation days were not significantly different. These results support the hypothesis that a reduction in resting T-re is partially responsible for the attenuation in ending T-re during heat exposure following short-term acclimation to humid heat. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Appl Physiol Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Buono, MJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 24 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 274 IS 5 BP R1295 EP R1299 PG 5 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA ZM189 UT WOS:000073513600012 PM 9644042 ER PT J AU Geyer, WP Smith, EC Keller, JA AF Geyer, WP Smith, EC Keller, JA TI Aeroelastic analysis of transient blade dynamics during shipboard engage/disengage operations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID HELICOPTER; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB An analysis has been developed to predict transient aeroelastic rotor response during shipboard engage/disengage sequences. The blade is modeled as an elastic beam undergoing deflections in flap and torsion. The blade equations of motion are formulated using Hamilton's principle and they are spatially discretized using the finite element method. The discretized blade equations of motion are integrated for a specified rotor speed run-up or run-down profile. Blade element theory is used to calculate quasisteady or unsteady aerodynamic loads in linear and nonlinear regimes. Three different simple wind-gust distributions are modeled. Basic ship-roll motion characteristics are also included in the shipboard airwake environment. An H-46 rotor system model is developed and shows excellent correlation with experimental static tip deflection and blade natural frequency data; Parametric studies are conducted-to systematically investigate the effects of collective and cyclic pitch control settings, droop stop angle, and ship motion on blade response. These studies indicate that collective and cyclic control inputs have a moderate effect on maximum negative tip deflections. Torsion is shown not to be required for rotorcraft with small amounts of pitch-flap coupling. Unsteady aerodynamics is shown only to be important to the blade response-at high wind speeds for spatially varying gusts, A flap damper is incorporated and is effective in reducing tip deflections if the flap stop angle is increased. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test Evaluat Engn Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Geyer, WP (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test Evaluat Engn Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.2514/2.2317 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA ZQ723 UT WOS:000073896600013 ER PT J AU Trent, LK AF Trent, LK TI Evaluation of a four- versus six-week length of stay in the Navy's alcohol treatment program SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Article ID PATIENT TREATMENT; HEALTH-CARE; SEVERITY; READMISSION; AFTERCARE AB Objective: Attempts to balance escalating health care costs with resource downsizing have prompted alcohol treatment directors in the U.S. Navy to consider reducing the standard length of stay in treatment. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether a 4-week inpatient treatment program is as effective as a 6-week; program, and (2) explore the potential for matching patients to a 4- or 6-week program according to the severity of their condition at intake. Method: A total of 2.823 active-duty alcohol-dependent inpatients (2,685 men, 138 women) at 12 Navy treatment facilities participated in the evaluation. All facilities conducted a 6-week program until data had been collected for 1,380 participants; they then switched to a ii-week program (n = 1,443). Background information and clinical profile were obtained when patients entered treatment; 1-year outcome data (e.g., alcohol use, behavior problems, job performance, quality of life) were obtained from participants, work supervisors and aftercare advisors. Hierarchical multiple regression analysts were used to assess the effect of length of stay on outcome and to examine patient-program interactions. Results: The single best predictor of success at 1 year was months of aftercare attendance. Program membership failed to explain any of the observed differences in the criterion measures, once the effects of other predictors had been taken into account. Severity of condition and patient-program interactions were likewise nonsignificant. Conclusions: It was concluded that a reduction in length of stay from 6 weeks to 4 weeks in the Navy's inpatient alcohol treatment program would not have an adverse effect on outcome. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trent, LK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD MAY PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA ZJ748 UT WOS:000073249000004 PM 9598707 ER PT J AU Lodha, GS Yamashita, K Haga, K Kunieda, H Nakajo, N Nakamura, N Tamura, K Tawara, Y Bennett, JM AF Lodha, GS Yamashita, K Haga, K Kunieda, H Nakajo, N Nakamura, N Tamura, K Tawara, Y Bennett, JM TI Characterization of substrates for use in X-ray multilayer optics SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI'97) CY AUG 04-08, 1997 CL HIMEJI, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst (JAERI), Inst Phys & Chem Res (RIKEN) DE X-ray multilayers; X-ray reflectivity; diffuse scattering; scanning probe microscopes; surface roughness ID INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; SCATTERING; SOFT AB The optical performance of platinum-carbon multilayers deposited onto different substrates has been examined. Specular reflectivity and non-specular diffuse scattering were measured to study the replication of substrate roughness into the multilayer structure. Surface topography was measured before and after deposition using a scanning probe microscope and a mechanical profiler. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Chubu Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Kasugai, Aichi 487, Japan. RP Lodha, GS (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 5 BP 693 EP 695 DI 10.1107/S0909049598000958 PN 3 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 103UA UT WOS:000074975200158 PM 15263622 ER PT J AU Miles, MH AF Miles, MH TI Reply to "examination of claims of Miles et al. in Pons-Fleischmann-type cold fusion experiments" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EXCESS POWER; PALLADIUM CATHODES; HELIUM PRODUCTION; ELECTROLYSIS; WATER; D2O; RADIATION; DEUTERIUM; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Div,Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Div,Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 30 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 18 BP 3642 EP 3646 DI 10.1021/jp961751j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ZN306 UT WOS:000073632700042 ER PT J AU Miles, MH AF Miles, MH TI Reply to "an assessment of claims of excess heat in cold fusion calorimetry" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 30 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 18 BP 3648 EP 3648 DI 10.1021/jp981526x PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ZN306 UT WOS:000073632700044 ER PT J AU Brann, OS McHutchison, JG AF Brann, OS McHutchison, JG TI The effect of combination therapy (interferon and ribavirin) on peripheral blood lymphocyte and leukocyte counts. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Scripps Clin & Res Fdn, Div GI Hepatol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Naval Med Centerm, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA L0068 BP A1215 EP A1215 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089604931 ER PT J AU Brensing, KA Textor, J Schiedermaier, P Hinterthaner, B Wolfram, G Kramer, HJ Schild, H Sauerbruch, T AF Brensing, KA Textor, J Schiedermaier, P Hinterthaner, B Wolfram, G Kramer, HJ Schild, H Sauerbruch, T TI Acute and short-term changes in renal and systemic levels of renin, noradrenalin and endothelin after portal decompression by TIPS. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Navl Med Centerm, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Clin & Res Fdn, Div GI Hepatol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA L0069 BP A1215 EP A1215 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089604929 ER PT J AU Fallis, KA Higa, KT AF Fallis, KA Higa, KT TI Synthesis of novel aluminum-tellurium compounds and the investigation of responsible reaction mechanisms. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 301-INOR BP U788 EP U788 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414402529 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD Ostrom, GS Merwin, LH Cameron, DA Reynolds, JR AF Zarras, P Stenger-Smith, JD Ostrom, GS Merwin, LH Cameron, DA Reynolds, JR TI Improved synthesis and physical properties of poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-propylamino)phenylene vinylene)s SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 014-POLY BP U354 EP U355 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA912 UT WOS:000072414501126 ER PT J AU Knoke, JD Gray, GC AF Knoke, JD Gray, GC TI Hospitalizations for unexplained illnesses among US veterans of the Persian Gulf War SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DESERT-STORM; MORTALITY AB Persian Gulf War veterans have reported a variety of symptoms, many of which have not led to conventional diagnoses. We ascertained all active-duty U.S. military personnel deployed to the Persian Gulf War (552,111) and all Gulf War era military personnel not deployed (1,479,751) and compared their postwar hospitalization records (until 1 April 1996) for one or more of 77 diagnoses under the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) system. The diagnoses were assembled by the Emerging Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and are here termed "unexplained illnesses." Deployed veterans were found to have a slightly higher risk of hospitalization for unexplained illness than the nondeployed. Most of the excess hospitalizations for the deployed were due to the diagnosis "illness of unknown cause" (ICD-9 code 799.9), and most occurred in participants of the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program who were admitted for evaluation only. When the effect of participation in this program was removed, the deployed had a slightly lower risk than the nondeployed. These findings suggest that active-duty Gulf War veterans did not have excess unexplained illnesses resulting in hospitalization in the 4.67-year period following deployment. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Knoke, JD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM knoke@nhrc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 4 IS 2 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZQ811 UT WOS:000073905300008 PM 9621191 ER PT J AU Blair, WD Brandt-Pearce, M AF Blair, WD Brandt-Pearce, M TI Unresolved Rayleigh target detection using monopulse measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB When the returns from two or more targets interfere (i.e., the signals are not resolved in the frequency or time domains) in a monopulse radar system, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimate indicated by the monopulse ratio can wander far beyond the angular separation of the targets. Generalized maximum likelihood (GML) detection of the presence of unresolved Rayleigh targets is developed with probability density functions (pdfs) conditioned on the measured amplitude of the target echoes. The Neyman-Pearson detection algorithm uses both the in-phase and quadrature portions of the monopulse ratio and requires no a priori knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or DOA of either target. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are given along with simulation results that illustrate the performance and application of the algorithm. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Blair, WD (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, SEAL, RSD, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Brandt-Pearce, Maite/B-3121-2013 OI Brandt-Pearce, Maite/0000-0002-2566-8280 NR 13 TC 58 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1109/7.670335 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA ZH484 UT WOS:000073115700018 ER PT J AU Blair, WD Brandt-Pearce, M AF Blair, WD Brandt-Pearce, M TI Statistical description of monopulse parameters for tracking Rayleigh targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID NOISE AB The conditional probability density function (pdf) is developed for each monopulse measurement of a Rayleigh target by conditioning the pdf of the complex monopulse ratio on the measured amplitude of the sum signal. The conditional pdf is used to develop the conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for any unbiased estimator of the direction-of-arrival (DOA). Conditional maximum likelihood (CML) and conditional method of moments (CMM) estimators of the DOA are developed along with estimates of the variances associated with the monopulse ratio and DOA estimate. Using simulation results, the performances of the CML and CMM estimators of the DOA are compared with the performance of standard monopulse ratio and the performances of the variance estimators are also studied. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Blair, WD (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, SEAL, RSD, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Brandt-Pearce, Maite/B-3121-2013 OI Brandt-Pearce, Maite/0000-0002-2566-8280 NR 9 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2 BP 597 EP 611 DI 10.1109/7.670340 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA ZH484 UT WOS:000073115700023 ER PT J AU Zaita, AV Buley, G Karlsons, G AF Zaita, AV Buley, G Karlsons, G TI Performance deterioration modeling in aircraft gas turbine engines SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Steady-state performance models can be used to evaluate a new engine's baseline performance. As a gas turbine accumulates operating time in the field, its performance deteriorates due to fouling, erosion, and wear. This paper presents the development of a model for predicting the performance deterioration of aircraft gas turbines. The model accounts for rotating component deterioration based on the aircraft mission profiles and environmental conditions and the engine's physical and design characteristics. The methodology uses data correlations combined with a stage stacking technique for the compressor and a tip rub model, along with data correlations for the turbine to determine the amount of performance deterioration. The performance deterioration model interfaces with the manufacturer's baseline engine simulation model in order to create a deteriorated performance model for that engine. C1 Adv Engn & Res Associates Inc, Technol Dev Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Zaita, AV (reprint author), Adv Engn & Res Associates Inc, Technol Dev Div, 2361 Jefferson Davis Hwy,Suite UL336, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 1998 VL 120 IS 2 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1115/1.2818128 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA ZM040 UT WOS:000073498700015 ER PT J AU Schmid, F Harris, DC AF Schmid, F Harris, DC TI Effects of crystal orientation and temperature on the strength of sapphire SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AL2O3; GROWTH; MECHANISM; FRACTURE; SLIP AB The flexure and compressive strengths of sapphire are dependent on crystal orientation and temperature. Most notably, the c-axis compressive strength decreases below the tensile strength at temperatures >400 degrees C and falls to 2% of the room-temperature compressive strength at 800 degrees C. Loss of compressive strength complicates the interpretation of flexure tests. Four-point flexure specimens with no component of c-axis compression increase in strength at temperatures >500 degrees C; however, specimens that have c-axis compression decrease in strength. It has been observed that c-axis compression causes twinning on rhombohedral crystal planes. Intersection of twins on different rhombohedral planes causes fracture that leads to mechanical failure. C1 Crystal Syst, Salem, MA 01970 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Schmid, F (reprint author), Crystal Syst, Salem, MA 01970 USA. NR 43 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 885 EP 893 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA ZJ248 UT WOS:000073195000009 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Newell, CE Milner, JS Koss, MP Hervig, LK Gold, SR Rosswork, SG Thornton, SR AF Merrill, LL Newell, CE Milner, JS Koss, MP Hervig, LK Gold, SR Rosswork, SG Thornton, SR TI Prevalence of premilitary adult sexual victimization and aggression in a navy recruit sample SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION; EXPERIENCES SURVEY; PHYSICAL ABUSE; RAPE; HEALTH; WOMEN; IMPACT; SCOPE; RISK; VIOLENCE AB U.S. Navy recruits (n = 3,776) were surveyed for premilitary histories of adult sexual assault. They completed a survey designed to estimate rates for experiences as victims (women) and perpetrators (men) of attempted and completed rape since the age of 14. The results show that 45.5% of the women reported being the victim of attempted (9.4%) or completed rape (36.1%) before entering the Navy, Male recruits' self-reports indicated that 14.8% admitted perpetrating attempted (3.5%) or completed rape (11.3%) before entering the Navy, A high percentage of recruits in this study reported histories of sexual assault, Female victims of sexual assault are at high risk of incurring somatic and/or psychological problems that require treatment by health care professionals, Male perpetrators of sexual assault are at high risk of repeating their behavior. The results of this study suggest that it may be cost-effective to develop treatment, education, and prevention programs for military recruits. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 40 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 4 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZG349 UT WOS:000072992700006 PM 9575763 ER PT J AU Chao, W Askew, EW Roberts, DE Wood, SM Perkins, JB AF Chao, W Askew, EW Roberts, DE Wood, SM Perkins, JB TI The effect of vitamin supplementation on indices of oxidative stress in urine, blood, and breath during strenuous cold weather work at moderate altitude. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92816 USA. Geocenters Inc, San Diego, CA 92816 USA. Ross Labs, Columbus, OH 43219 USA. Data Chem Div, Salt Lake City, UT 84123 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3249 BP A560 EP A560 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403244 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI Theory of electrical noise induced in a wire loop by the thermal motions of ions in solution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Continuous Markov process theory is used to model the electrical noise induced in a passive wire loop by the thermal motions of ions in a nearby solution. The ions, being charged particles in Brownian motion, generate a fluctuating magnetic field, and that in turn induces a fluctuating electromotive force (emf) that augments the loop's Johnson emf. It is shown that the spectral density function of the equilibrium current in the wire loop is thereby increased, for moderate cycle frequencies nu, by approximately a factor (1 + alpha nu(2)), where alpha is determined by the geometry of the system, the resistance of the loop, and the charges, diffusion coefficients, and concentrations of the solution ions. It is also shown that the temporal trajectory of the loop current becomes "thickened," in a randomly fuzzy way, by an approximate factor of the form (1 + beta)(1/2), where beta depends not only on the aforementioned parameters that determine alpha, but also on the hydrated masses of the ions. These findings may be useful for estimating the intrinsic background noise in the detector coil of a medical magnetic resonance imaging machine, or any other sensitive electronic circuit that is required to operate in an immediate "salt water" environment. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, Code 4B4000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM dtg@rattler.chinalake.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 6 BP 3118 EP 3128 DI 10.1063/1.367068 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ZC998 UT WOS:000072640700038 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Fogle, EF Albright, KL AF Gray, GC Fogle, EF Albright, KL TI Risk factors for primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis hospitalizations among United States Navy and Marine Corps personnel, 1981-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; RECRUITS; ARMY AB Recent coccidioidomycosis outbreaks among military personnel have alarmed public health officials. Wt: used computerized hospitalization records to identify risk factors fbr coccidioidomycosis hospitalizations among active-duty United States Navy and Marine Corps personnel for the years 1981 to 1994. Primary pulmonary disease was the most common form of disease, accounting for 82 (73%) of the 113 first admissions. Crude annual rates of primary pulmonary disease increased markedly in 1992, and 1993 in concert with an epidemic in the United States. Demographic data from the pulmonary admissions were combined with that of a 2% random sample of the entire Navy and Marine Corps population for multivariate risk factor modeling. Persons from junior paygrades, older age groups, and those reporting a race/ethnicity other than Caucasian or Hispanic were most likely to be hospitalized with this disease. These risk factor data should be considered in designing coccidioidomycosis surveillance and prevention programs. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZF396 UT WOS:000072893300009 PM 9546408 ER PT J AU Keyser, DR AF Keyser, DR TI The systematic uncertainty of laboratory flow calibrations SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB There are two axioms applicable to this paper: the first is that no flowmeter can be more accurate than the laboratory which calibrated it; the second that no uncalibrated flowmeter can be more accurate than a like one that is calibrated in a recognized standards laboratory. The fundamental systematic uncertainty in flow measurement is that inherited from the flow calibration laboratory. This paper focuses on ascertaining this fundamental systematic uncertainty by deriving from the published instances of interlaboratory comparisons a value in which one may be 95 percent confident. For water flow measurements, this value turns out To be +/-0.28 percent, and for liquid hydrocarbon fuels it is +/-0.77 percent. Cold water calibrations are the most accurate. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Keyser, DR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 1998 VL 120 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1115/1.2819647 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA ZE038 UT WOS:000072751100003 ER PT J AU Tuncer, IH Platzer, MF VanDyken, RD AF Tuncer, IH Platzer, MF VanDyken, RD TI Navier-Stokes analysis of subsonic flowfields over a missile configuration SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 35th Aerospace Science Meeting / Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Symposium CY JAN 06-10, 1997 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, USAF, Off Sci Res, Sandia Natl Labs AB Subsonic flowfields over a missile configuration are computed at high angles of attack ranging from 15 to 60 deg with the NASA Ames Research Center OVERFLOW Navier-Stokes solver. The computed flowfields are presented in terms of particle traces, helicity contours; and surface streamlines. The dow separation over the missile body, the development of leeward-side vortex patterns, and the canard and tail vortices and their interaction are identified. The computed normal force and pitching moment coefficients compare well with the experimental data at an incidence of 15 deg; At higher incidences the normal force is underpredicted by up to 15%. The computed pitching moments agree qualitatively well with the,experimental data, but Percentage deviations are substantial in the higher incidence range. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tuncer, IH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 35 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.2514/2.3318 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA ZG315 UT WOS:000072989000002 ER PT J AU Shifler, DA AF Shifler, DA TI Flow-influenced corrosion in a waste energy sparge line SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB An inclined section of a carbon steel sparge line (I-in. [2.5 cm] outside diameter) with intermittent flow (similar to 10-s cycles) from a land-based steam boiler system had suffered failure after only 18 months in service. The area of failure occurred near the line's outlet to a 4-in. (10-cm) condensate collection line. The sparge line had severe, jagged pitting along the upper half of the steamside surface near the 4-in. line. There were wall perforations near the sparge line/collection line joint, with pitting gradually decreasing over a 1-ft (30-cm) distance away from the joint. This article discusses the failure evaluation and possible methods to contain the condition. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Corros Branch, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Corros Branch, Code 613,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 38 EP 44 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA ZA586 UT WOS:000072379400013 ER PT J AU Schallhorn, SC Reid, JL Kaupp, SE Blanton, CL Zoback, L Goforth, H Flowers, CW McDonnell, PJ AF Schallhorn, SC Reid, JL Kaupp, SE Blanton, CL Zoback, L Goforth, H Flowers, CW McDonnell, PJ TI Topographic detection of photorefractive keratectomy SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY AB Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of subjective review of corneal topography to detect patients who have undergone photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods: Topographic maps from 3 different devices were obtained from 19 patients with postoperative PRK and 9 control subjects with emmetropia and 10 control subjects with myopia. Each image was printed in an absolute and relative scale (total of 228 maps) and graded for overall shape and pattern. Fifteen masked reviewers independently rated each map as either postoperative PRK or not. Results: The overall sensitivity (ability to detect PRK) and specificity rates (ability to exclude control subjects) by reviewers were 65% and 93%, respectively, Sensitivity was influenced independently by the scale (relative, 68%; absolute, 62%; P < 0.01), experience of reviewer (experienced, 77%; inexperienced, 53%; P < 0.001), and device (Alcon, 67 +/- 29.9; Eyesys, 75 +/- 29.4%; and Tomey, 54 +/- 31.7%; P < 0.001), Low levels of preoperative myopia were consistently more difficult to detect than higher levels (low myopia -1.50 to -2.99 diopters [D] sensitivity: 53 +/- 34.5%; medium level -3.00 to -4.49 D:67 +/- 28.9%; and high level -4.50 to -6.00 D:77 +/- 21.1%; P < 0.0001), Differences in specificity between experienced and inexperienced reviewers were obtained when maps had a homogeneous topographic pattern (97 +/- 5.6% and 85 +/- 13.7%, respectively; P < 0.05), Several control topography patterns (e.g., homogeneous, focal, and keyhole) were disproportionately more difficult to correctly identify on the Eyesys device. Conclusions: Topographic experience is a significant factor influencing the correct identification of PRK. Techniques also can be used to enhance detection, such as the use of different devices and scales, However, if subjective review of topography is used as the only method of detection, many patients with PRK will not be identified properly. In addition, the most prevalent preoperative myopic category in the general population (myopia < -3.00 D) also is the most difficult to detect after treatment, This reduces the usefulness of topography as a screening tool, Other techniques are needed to improve the detection of patients with postoperative PRK. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Inland Eye Inst, Colton, CA USA. Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA. Doheny Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Schallhorn, SC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAR PY 1998 VL 105 IS 3 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)93035-4 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA YZ385 UT WOS:000072249100038 PM 9499783 ER PT J AU Gorny, MK Mascola, JR Israel, ZR VanCott, TC Williams, C Balfe, P Hioe, C Brodine, S Burda, S Zolla-Pazner, S AF Gorny, MK Mascola, JR Israel, ZR VanCott, TC Williams, C Balfe, P Hioe, C Brodine, S Burda, S Zolla-Pazner, S TI A human monoclonal antibody specific for the V3 loop of HIV type 1 clade E cross-reacts with other HIV type 1 clades SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION SEROTYPES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRAL GENOTYPE; SUBTYPE-E; GP120; ASSAY; CELL; BINDING; SENSITIVITY AB To ascertain the antigenic relationship between HIV-1 viruses belonging to various genetically defined subgroups (clades), shared epitopes need to be defined, Human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are particularly useful for this purpose because they can detect complex regions of viral proteins that may be missed by sequence analysis and because, by definition, they react with epitopes that stimulate the human immune system, Monoclonal antibodies derived from the cells of HIV-1 clade B-infected subjects have been used extensively for this purpose, Here we describe the first human MAb derived from a clade E-infected individual; the MAb is specific for the V3 loop, recognizing a core epitope represented by the amino acids TRTSVR on the N-terminal side of the crown of the V3 loop, The IgG(1)(kappa) MAb, designated 1324E, binds to the clade E consensus V3 loop, to rgp120 proteins from clade E and to peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected in vitro with the virus that infected the subject from whose cells the MAb-producing heterohybridoma was derived, Strong cross-reactivity of the MAb to the V3 peptides, rgp120 proteins, and native monomeric gp120s representing clades A and C, as well as to cells infected with a clade C primary isolate, revealed a shared V3 epitope between these clades, When tested for its neutralizing ability, MAb 1324E neutralized a clade E isolate that had been adapted for growth in H9 cells but failed to neutralize five clade E primary isolates. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. NYU, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Inst Med Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. UCL, Sch Med, London, England. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Zolla-Pazner, S (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 423 E 23rd St,Room 18124N, New York, NY 10010 USA. OI Gorny, Miroslaw/0000-0002-2714-8780 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 32424, AI 36085, AI 07382] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB 10 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.213 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YW536 UT WOS:000071946200004 PM 9491911 ER PT J AU McKeown, MJ Jung, TP Makeig, S Brown, G Kindermann, SS Lee, TW Sejnowski, TJ AF McKeown, MJ Jung, TP Makeig, S Brown, G Kindermann, SS Lee, TW Sejnowski, TJ TI Spatially independent activity patterns in functional MRI data during the Stroop color-naming task SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA SP Natl Acad Sci HO ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR ID HEAD-INJURY; DATA SETS; ACTIVATION; BRAIN; PET AB A method is given for determining the time course and spatial extent of consistently and transiently task-related activations from other physiological and artifactual components that contribute to functional MRI (fMRI) recordings. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to analyze two fMRI data sets from a subject performing 6-min trials composed of alternating 40-sec Stroop color-naming and control task blocks, Each component consisted of a fixed three-dimensional spatial distribution of brain voxel values (a "map") and an associated time course of activation, For each trial, the algorithm detected, without a priori knowledge of their spatial or temporal structure, one consistently task-related component activated during each Stroop task block, plus several transiently task-related components activated at the onset of one or two of the Stroop task blocks only, Activation patterns occurring during only part of the fMRI trial are not observed with other techniques, because their time courses cannot easily be known in advance, Other ICA components were related to physiological pulsations, head movements, or machine noise, By using higher-order statistics to specify stricter criteria for spatial independence between component maps, ICA produced improved estimates of the temporal and spatial extent of task-related activation in our data compared with principal component analysis (PCA), ICA appears to be a promising tool for exploratory analysis of fMRI data, particularly when the time courses of activation are not known in advance. C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92086 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McKeown, MJ (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 27 TC 299 Z9 309 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 3 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 3 BP 803 EP 810 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.803 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YV928 UT WOS:000071878500007 PM 9448244 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD AF Seltzer, MD TI Continuous air monitoring using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry: Correction of spectral interferences arising from CN emission SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE continuous air monitoring; air pollutant metals; atomic emission spectrometry; spectral interferences AB Introduction of sample stream air into an argon inductively coupled plasma permits continuous monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metals in combustion flue gases. Along with entrained particulates and metal vapors, various molecular components of the hue gas are introduced into the plasma. These species, and reaction products thereof, also undergo excitation resulting in complex emission spectra of appreciable intensity. Serious spectral interferences arise for several metal elements, from molecular emission bands associated with the stable CN radical and other polyatomic species. Failure to account for these interferences can significantly degrade accuracy particularly at low flue gas metal concentrations. Reported here is an effective method for measurement and correction of CN spectral interferences affecting the on-line detection of hazardous air pollutant metals that incorporates conventional polychromator hardware and existing instrument software capabilities. A demonstration of the ability of this method to achieve virtually complete correction of these interferences under both laboratory and field conditions is presented. C1 USN, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Code 4B2300D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 52 IS 2 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1366/0003702981943482 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA ZF981 UT WOS:000072952600006 ER PT J AU White, MR AF White, MR TI Hospitalization rates of tuberculosis in US Navy enlisted personnel: A 15-year perspective SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The epidemiology of tuberculosis in this country is changing because of a combination of biological and social factors. The recent use of DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis has suggested that nearly one-third of new cases of tuberculosis being reported in a large metropolitan city is a result of recent infection. The immunosuppression of individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus and the prevalence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis has resulted in a renewed interest in the epidemiology and prevention of this disease. To determine the magnitude of the problem in the U.S. Navy enlisted population, a computer search of more than one million inpatient hospitalization records from January 1980 to December 1994 was performed. Total first hospitalization rates for all cases of tuberculosis during this period ranged from 2.2 per 100,000 person-years at risk in white females to 27.5 per 100,000 person-years in males, race "other" (includes mostly Filipinos and Asian-Americans). First hospitalization rates across all cases of tuberculosis declined during this period from a high of 8.7 per 100,000 in 1980 to a low of 2.2 per 100,000 in 1994. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP White, MR (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 163 IS 2 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX190 UT WOS:000072015400007 PM 9503895 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Fronabarger, JW AF Chapman, RD Fronabarger, JW TI A convenient correlation for prediction of binary eutectics involving organic explosives SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID EXCESS THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS; SYSTEMS AB The best predictor of the extent of eutectic formation between explosive ingredients is the difference between their reciprocal melting temperatures (r(2)=0.838 among 74 examples). Though thermodynamic relationships such as van't Hoff's equation have come to be recognized in recent years as a basis for predicting eutectic behavior, a quantitative correlation to melting point differences as the major contributor to this behavior seems to have been unrecognized in the energetic materials community. The correlation for binary compositions has the form: In[X(solute)/X(solvent)] = -4077.04 Delta(T-m(-1))-0.0979, where solvent is defined as the lower-melting component. This correlation is derived on the basis of thermodynamic theory with simple approximations. C1 TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Exotherm Inc, Sun Lakes, AZ 85248 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, Code 4822C, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 23 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4087(199802)23:1<50::AID-PREP50>3.0.CO;2-E PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA ZE699 UT WOS:000072821400010 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF Cole, T AF Nee, SMF Cole, T TI Effects of depolarization of polarimetric components on null ellipsometry SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-2) CY MAY 12-15, 1997 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA DE depolarization; Mueller matrix; NE; RAE; PCSA; PSA ID NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; POLARIZATION AB Depolarization of optical components degrades the performance of a polarimeter, especially in the short wavelength region. Expressions for the light intensity in a null ellipsometer (NE) and a polarizer-sample-analyzer (PSA) system with depolarization errors in all components are given. Errors in Psi and Delta using IVE are mainly caused by depolarization of the compensator. A sample consisting of a thin sapphire slab 0.8 mm thick was tested. Delta measured by NE were shown to be accurate even for sample depolarization as large as 0.3, while those measured by rotating-analyzer ellipsometry (RAE) were seriously affected by sample depolarization. Methods for measuring depolarization were devised. The measured depolarization increases with the slit-width of the monochromator and the aperture size of irises and decreases with increasing wavelength. Depolarization spectra measured using NE, RAE and transmittance agree with one another. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB PY 1998 VL 313 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00776-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZP520 UT WOS:000073761700015 ER PT B AU Carico, D AF Carico, D GP IEEE TI Rotorcraft flight test automation - The saga continues ... SO 1998 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 21-28, 1998 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The cost associated with the next generation rotorcraft testing, training, and support, using current techniques, promises to escalate in a predicted hostile fiscal environment. Aircraft testing, and the associated training and support, place large demands on flight vehicles, avionics, weapons systems, test teams and scarce fiscal resources. Innovative technology options in the form of case based reasoning, automatic test plan and test report generation, intelligent documents, intelligent interfaces, and test plan rehearsal options can be used to assist flight test plan development, test reporting, and test data analysis. Integrating an enhanced generic structure, physics-based simulation model with the flight test automation software presents an option to run the test analytically while the test plan is being generated. The initial results include the capability to generate a comprehensive rotorcraft test plan, including related lesson learned, in approximately 15 minutes, on a personal computer at the test team work area. If the personal computer is tied into a workstation based comprehensive aircraft simulation program via a network, then selected tests from the test plan flight test matrix can be run analytically to give test team members a preview of what results to expect from the actual flight test. This flight test automation concept presents one option to enable rotorcraft flight testing to be done better, faster, cheaper, and safer. The work has been sponsored by a variety of low-key in-house, direct tasking, and small business initiatives and the rotorcraft flight test automation saga continues. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Unit 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Unit 1, Bldg 2113,22717 Saufley Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4311-5 PY 1998 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BL20G UT WOS:000074665000003 ER PT B AU Girard, MM McIntosh, S AF Girard, MM McIntosh, S GP IEEE TI Flutter testing in the 90's - (The GBU-24 saga) SO 1998 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 21-28, 1998 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Operation Desert Storm demonstrated the benefits of employing large guided, penetrating weapons with long standoff ranges against hardened targets. The Canadian Forces (CF) identified a requirement to employ Precision Guided Munitions (PGM) on the CF-18 and one of the weapons under consideration was the GBU-24B/B Laser Guided Bomb (LGB). Prior to the initiation of the flight test program, a detailed Butter analysis study indicated that certain CF-18/GBU-24 configuations exhibited a 5.6 Hz antisymmetric Butter mechanism It was therefore recommended that a flutter/limit cycle oscillation (LCO) flight test be conducted prior to Beet release of the GBU-24. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Project Off F18, Patuxent River, MD 20653 USA. RP Girard, MM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Project Off F18, Bldg 115,Suite 3A,22080 Elmer Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20653 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4311-5 PY 1998 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BL20G UT WOS:000074665000004 ER PT B AU Preiss, SA AF Preiss, SA GP IEEE IEEE TI A new approach to Navy ship munitions BIT and reprogramming SO 1998 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Test Technology for the 21st Century CY AUG 24-27, 1998 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper offers insight into the challenges of the modern day Navy munitions BIT and reprogramming process. With the land based Navy depot quickly becoming a scarce commodity in this day and age of downsizing and streamlining, the Navy carrier fleet and its personnel are assuming more of the land based depot duties and responsibilities. The Common Munitions BIT Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) is an interservice tester which embodies all the elements of the "new" procurement process. The CMBRE is used to initiate BIT and provide BIT status for a variety of MIL-STD-1760 munitions in the Navy fleet. The CMBRE can also up load, down load, and verify applicable software including Operational Flight Programs (OFPs) and mission planning data. The Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM) will be the first weapon employed in consonance with the CMBRE to be permanently deployed on aircraft carriers. These two programs will be the first to employ ship ordnance personnel to BIT and reprogram "live" munitions on board ship. This paper offers a management and technical perspective into how this new approach is being accomplished as both programs boldly lead the way into the 21st century. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Engn & Acquisit Branch,Weapons & Targets Support, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Preiss, SA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Engn & Acquisit Branch,Weapons & Targets Support, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4420-0 PY 1998 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1998.713425 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Informatics; Transportation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Informatics; Transportation GA BL72A UT WOS:000076427600014 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Keller, JM AF Kersten, PR Keller, JM GP IEEE TI Robust fuzzy snakes SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS AT THE IEEE WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1-2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems at the World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 98) CY MAY 04-09, 1998 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council, Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE, Alaska Sect AB Flexible closed deformable contours extracted from images to represent object outlines are often called snakes. This paper explores and extends the use of snakes to extract contour features from images for modeling and pattern recognition. A recent paper has shown that many of the contour extraction algorithms have a common formulation as a constrained optimization problem. One version, called the constrained fuzzy clustering algorithm, links fuzzy clustering told snakes - the resulting contour being called a fuzzy snake. These extraction procedures art! vulnerable to noise, which makes their application to noisy sensor images problematic. By applying known robust fuzzy clustering algorithms, more noise resistant snakes can be derived thereby extending contour feature extraction to sensor images. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Target Recognit Sect,Code 452320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Target Recognit Sect,Code 452320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4863-X PY 1998 BP 1554 EP 1559 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BL20P UT WOS:000074668800270 ER PT B AU Van Nevel, A AF Van Nevel, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Texture synthesis via matching first and second order statistics of a wavelet frame decomposition SO 1998 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE, Signal Proc Soc AB In this novel approach to texture synthesis, a method which relies on matching the first and second order statistics of wavelet subbands is developed. Synthetic textures are produced using estimates of the correlation matrices and marginal statistics of a wavelet frame decomposition. Previous work has concentrated on iteratively matching the marginals of a subband decomposition, in the hopes the synthetic texture would capture the long range correlations. Our proposed algorithm goes beyond simple marginal matching, attempting to match the correlation coefficients of the subbands as well. We neglect any interband correlations. The algorithm is relatively fast, and has been developed with an eye to applications in regional compression. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, A (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8821-1 PY 1998 BP 72 EP 76 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL76B UT WOS:000076642600020 ER PT B AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD GP IEEE IEEE TI Successive coefficient refinement for embedded lossless image compression SO 1998 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE, Signal Proc Soc AB We consider here a new approach to successive coefficient refinement which speeds up embedded image compression and decompression. Such speedups aa especially useful when lossless or near lossless image Compression is required because so many refinement bits must be transmitted. Rather than sending a binary; refinement symbol typical of existing embedded coders, our algorithm uses a ternary refinement symbol, allowing the encoder to tell the decoder when its current approximation of a given wavelet coefficient is exact. Thus, both encoder and decoder operate faster because they process fewer refinement symbols, yet the fundamental structure of the refinement process remains unchanged-something that is not true tf a non-binary refinement tree is used instead To implement a complete encoder, we combine the proposed refinement process with Shapiro's embedded zero-tree wavelet(EZW) algorithm. By optimizing this process, speed increases of between 13 and 16% call be realized on the set of test images. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8821-1 PY 1998 BP 521 EP 525 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL76B UT WOS:000076642600114 ER PT S AU Reed, LE AF Reed, LE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Performing a literature review SO 28TH ANNUAL FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference on Moving from Teacher-Centered to Learner-Centered Education CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL TEMPE, AZ SP IEEE, Educ Soc, IEEE, Comp Soc, ASEE, Educ Res & Methods Div AB This report is intended as a guide for teachers and engineering students when conducting research is part of course-work requirements. Discussion includes a description of a literature search, the purpose of a literature review, finding sources (especially for engineering), and a general strategy to help conduct an efficient and productive literature search. Using tools such as this report, students can become more pro-active about their research projects. Teachers can use this report, among other tools, to begin dialog with their students about expectations for research assignments. Two key steps in a literature search are i) finding sources and ii) synthesizing information. Each of these is addressed in two of the major sections in this report, as well as how the literature search relates to the entire research process. Then pertinent information is repeated in the summary section for your convenience. An annotated reference list is included for ease in finding other useful guidance. C1 USN, Syst Engn Div, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Reed, LE (reprint author), USN, Syst Engn Div, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4762-5 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1998 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BM16D UT WOS:000077858200090 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF Yoo, C Cole, T Burge, D AF Nee, SMF Yoo, C Cole, T Burge, D TI Characterization for imperfect polarizers under imperfect conditions SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; MUELLER MATRICES; DEPOLARIZATION CRITERION; POLARIZATION; REFLECTION; POLARIMETRY; SURFACE AB The principles for measuring the extinction ratio and transmittance of a polarizer are formulated by use of the principal Mueller matrix, which includes both polarization and depolarization, The extinction ratio is about half of the depolarization, and the contrast is the inverse of the extinction ratio. Errors in the extinction ratio caused by partially polarized incident light and the misalignment of polarizers can be corrected by the devised zone average method and the null method, Used with a laser source, the null method can measure contrasts for very good polarizers. Correct algorithms are established to deduce the depolarization for three comparable polarizers calibrated mutually. These methods are tested with wire-grid polarizers used in the 3-5-mu m wavelength region with a laser source and also a lamp source. The contrasts obtained from both methods agree. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1364/AO.37.000054 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA YN596 UT WOS:000071185800007 PM 18268560 ER PT J AU Gray, GC McPhate, DC Leinonen, M Cassell, GH Deperalta, EP Putnam, SD Karcher, JA Sawyer, MH Laurila, A Connor, JD AF Gray, GC McPhate, DC Leinonen, M Cassell, GH Deperalta, EP Putnam, SD Karcher, JA Sawyer, MH Laurila, A Connor, JD TI Weekly oral azithromycin as prophylaxis for agents causing acute respiratory disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES INFECTION; PENICILLIN-G BENZATHINE; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; MARINE-CORPS; ETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; SEROLOGICAL METHODS; MILITARY RECRUITS; SERUM LEVELS AB Since the 1950s the U,S, military has used intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) to control outbreaks of respiratory disease, In an effort to find an alternative prophylaxis, a randomized field trial was conducted among 1,016 male U,S, Marine trainee volunteers at high risk for respiratory disease, Participants were evaluated for evidence of acute respiratory infection by serological tests on pretraining and posttraining sera (63 days apart), Oral azithromycin prophylaxis (500 mg/w) outperformed BPG, preventing infection from Streptococcus pyogenes (Efficacy [E] = 84%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63%-93%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (E = 80%; 95% CI, 50%-92%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (E = 64%; 95% CI, 25%-83%), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (E = 58%; 95% CI, 15%-79%) in comparison with results in a no-treatment group, Azithromycin group subjects reported few side effects and less respiratory symptoms than the BPG and no-treatment groups, According to serological tests, oral azithromycin is an effective alternative prophylaxis to BPG for military populations. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Oulu, Finland. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1086/516275 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YR235 UT WOS:000071474500017 PM 9455517 ER PT S AU Karwacki, F Cui, H Sanzari, M Hasan, Z AF Karwacki, F Cui, H Sanzari, M Hasan, Z BE Fischer, RE Germann, LM Hatheway, AE McConnell, M Smith, WJ TI Novel high-frequency QW optical modulator based on surface effects SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN OPTICAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Optical Design and Engineering VII CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE optical modulator; quantum well structure; Franz-Keldysh; optical birefringence AB This paper is directed at the analysis of the basic operating principles, design, operation, and performance of a different type of optical modulator, capable of large phase modulation through the change of the optical index of refraction. This is achieved by modification of waveguide boundary conditions by incorporating quantum wells that can be charged or emptied of electrons at the planar dielectric waveguide boundaries, by application of gate voltages. Such an unconventional way of achieving the desired modifications in the optical refractive index will provide attractive alternative and more versatility than the conventional means of realizing such modifications, such as electrooptical effects (electroabsorption, Franz-Keldysh effect, optical birefringence), carrier induced effects (band filling, band gap renormalization), and free carrier absorption (plasma effect). Furthermore, the technology (e.g. molecular beam epitaxy, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, ion beam etching, and other micro machining techniques) of fabrication of these new devices is already in place, so the proposed concept can be tested to facilitate further development. Based on these projections, we propose a planar-based dielectric waveguide having confined electrons in quantum wells at the boundaries. Microstructure devices made from semiconductors, e.g. CoSi2 or GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs, are the most practically fabricated in the form of planar structures. Moreover, it is well adapted for various gate electrode geometries for activation and control of the quantum wells. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Karwacki, F (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 0322, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2884-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3429 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.328534 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07K UT WOS:000077547400015 ER PT B AU Etoch, J AF Etoch, J GP AFS AFS AFS TI Ductile iron bomb body, a new application (abstract only) SO DUCTILE IRON SOCIETY'S 1998 KEITH D MILLIS WORLD SYMPOSIUM ON DUCTILE IRON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1998 Keith D Millis World Symposium on Ductile Iron CY OCT 20-22, 1998 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP Ductile Iron Soc, Amer Foundrymens Soc C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Etoch, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1 Admin Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FOUNDRYMENS SOC PI DES PLAINES PA GOLF AND WOLF RDS, DES PLAINES, IL 60016 USA PY 1998 BP 571 EP 572 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR98E UT WOS:000168251500021 ER PT J AU Melendres, CA Mansour, AN AF Melendres, CA Mansour, AN TI X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemical cell for "in-situ" studies of thin films SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption spectroscopy; nickel oxide films; X-ray spectroelectrochemical cell; ultracapacitor material; electrodeposited films ID NICKEL AB A thin layer X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemical cell is described, It is suitable for "in-situ" studies of thin films and has the advantage that both fluorescence and transmission measurements can be made at the same time so as to ensure accurate calibration of the X-ray energy. Use of the cell is demonstrated in a study of the structure of a nickel oxide material anodically deposited on a graphite substrate which contains multivalent nickel states and appears promising for use in the fabrication of ultracapacitors. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Melendres, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 5-6 BP 631 EP 634 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA YM057 UT WOS:000071023600021 ER PT J AU Olson, PE Benenson, AS Genovese, EN AF Olson, PE Benenson, AS Genovese, EN TI Ebola/Athens revisited SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Olson, PE (reprint author), USN, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 4 IS 1 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YX165 UT WOS:000072012900027 PM 9452412 ER PT J AU McKeown, MJ Makeig, S Brown, GG Jung, TP Kindermann, SS Bell, AJ Sejnowski, TJ AF McKeown, MJ Makeig, S Brown, GG Jung, TP Kindermann, SS Bell, AJ Sejnowski, TJ TI Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation into independent spatial components SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE functional magnetic resonance imaging; independent component analysis; higher-order statistics ID HUMAN BRAIN; SENSORY STIMULATION; ALGORITHM; AGRAPHIA; ALEXIA AB Current analytical techniques applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data require a priori knowledge or specific assumptions about the time courses of processes contributing to the measured signals. Here we describe a new method for analyzing fMRI data based on the independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm of Bell and Sejnowski ([1995]: Neural Comput 7:1129-1159). We decomposed eight fMRI data sets from 4 normal subjects performing Stroop color-naming, the Brown and Peterson word/number task, and control tasks into spatially independent components. Each component consisted of voxel values at fixed three-dimensional locations (a component "map"), and a unique associated time course of activation. Given data from 144 time points collected during a 6-min trial, ICA extracted an equal number of spatially independent components. In all eight trials, ICA derived one and only one component with a time course closely matching the time course of 40-sec alternations between experimental and control tasks. The regions of maximum activity in these consistently task-related components generally overlapped active regions detected by standard correlational analysis, but included frontal regions not detected by correlation. Time courses of other ICA components were transiently task-related, quasiperiodic, or slowly varying. By utilizing higher-order statistics to enforce successively stricter criteria for spatial independence between component maps, both the ICA algorithm and a related fourth-order decomposition technique (Comon [1994]: Signal Processing 36:11-20) were superior to principal component analysis (PCA) in determining the spatial and temporal extent of task-related activation. For each subject, the time courses and active regions of the task-related ICA components were consistent across trials and were robust to the addition of simulated noise. Simulated movement artifact and simulated task-related activations added to actual fMRI data were clearly separated by the algorithm. ICA can be used to distinguish between nontask-related signal components, movements, and other artifacts, as well as consistently or transiently task-related fMRI activations, based on only weak assumptions about their spatial distributions and without a priori assumptions about their time courses. ICA appears to be a highly promising method for the analysis of fMRI data from normal and clinical populations, especially for uncovering unpredictable transient patterns of brain activity associated with performance of psychomotor tasks. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Cognit Pyschophysiol Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McKeown, MJ (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 42 TC 1095 Z9 1141 U1 5 U2 62 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PY 1998 VL 6 IS 3 BP 160 EP 188 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:3<160::AID-HBM5>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 29 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZQ918 UT WOS:000073916100005 PM 9673671 ER PT S AU Shen, CN Donn, M AF Shen, CN Donn, M BE Holst, GC TI Flight evaluation of advanced third generation midwave infrared sensor SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Imaging System - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing IX CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE staring FPA; infrared; MRTD; MWIR AB In FY-97 the Counter Drug Optical Upgrade (CDOU) demonstration program was initiated by the Program Executive Office for Counter Drug to increase the detection and classification ranges of P-3 counter drug aircraft by using advanced staring infrared sensors. The demonstration hardware is a "pin-for-pin" replacement of the AAS-36 Infrared Detection Set (IRDS) located under the nose radome of a P-3 aircraft. The hardware consists of a 3rd generation mid-wave infrared (MWIR) sensor integrated into a three axis-stabilized turret. The sensor, when installed on the P-3, has a hemispheric field of regard (FOR) and analysis has shown it will be capable of detecting and classifying Suspected Drug Trafficking Aircraft and Vessels (SDTV/SDTA) at ranges several factors over the current IRDS. This paper will discuss the CDOU system and it's lab, ground, and flight evaluation results. Test targets included target templates, range targets, dedicated target boats, and targets of opportunity at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) and at operational test sites. The objectives of these tests were to: (i) Validate the integration concept of the CDOU package into the P-3 aircraft. (ii) Validate the end-to-end functionality of the system, including sensor/turret controls and recording of imagery during flight. (iii) Evaluate the system sensitivity and resolution on a set of verified resolution targets templates. (iv) Validate the ability of the 3rd generation MWIR sensor to detect and classify targets at a significantly increased range. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Shen, CN (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2826-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3377 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.319384 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL61D UT WOS:000076007800004 ER PT B AU Merritt, RG AF Merritt, RG GP IES TI Transient vibration, pulse method and the product model SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY - 1998 PROCEEDINGS: DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Environmental-Sciences-and-Technology on the 21st Century - A New Frontier in International Information Exchange CY APR 26-MAY 01, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE transient vibration; pulse method; product model; stationary; cyclostationary AB This paper provides guidance for practical consideration and implementation of short time-varying environments termed "transient vibration" and "pulse method" in MIL-STD-810F. Transient vibration is introduced in Method 514 Vibration in MIL-STD-810F as a means of testing components to short bursts of high level random vibration. The pulse method is introduced in Method 519 Gunfire of MIL-STD-810F as a means of laboratory test replication that may provide better representation of in service gunfire environments. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Environm Engn Sect, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Merritt, RG (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Environm Engn Sect, Commander Code 473140D-MS 223D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-63-0 PY 1998 BP 43 EP 54 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL14X UT WOS:000074492400007 ER PT B AU Fitch, O Kang, W AF Fitch, O Kang, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Stabilization of a class of bifurcations via state feedback SO ISCAS '98 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 98) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, Calif AB This paper presents a general method for the control or stabilization of the class of local bifurcations commonly occurring in engineering systems, such as saddle-node, transcritical, pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations. The method presented shows that the problem can be solved by transforming the system into its quadratic normal form, a simplified system with equivalent dynamics, and then examining the resulting dynamics on the center manifold of the system. The dynamics on the center manifold can then be altered by linear and quadratic state feedback of the center states. The feedback gains required are given by simple algebraic combinations of the coefficients of the quadratic normal form. C1 NAVAIR, NAS Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Fitch, O (reprint author), NAVAIR, Code Air 4-5T, NAS Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4455-3 PY 1998 BP B631 EP B634 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL35E UT WOS:000075224600430 ER PT J AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC TI Nonlinear least-squares curve fitting with Microsoft excel solver SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA YM871 UT WOS:000071110000052 ER PT J AU Qi, LX Cao, YQ Stantley, NG Zhang, G AF Qi, LX Cao, YQ Stantley, NG Zhang, G TI Image-based analysis and fabrication of ceramic-made restorations. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1998 VL 77 SI A MA 524 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YU125 UT WOS:000071684800526 ER PT J AU Herman, WN Cline, JA AF Herman, WN Cline, JA TI Chielectric relaxation: chromophore dynamics in an azo-dye-doped polymer SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; POLED POLYMER; FILMS; BIREFRINGENT; MECHANISMS; SYSTEMS AB A new experimental method for observing chromophore relaxation dynamics in nonlinear optical polymer systems is described. The method is similar to dielectric relaxation measurements, which probe the linear susceptibility chi((1)), but this new method is chromophore selective and probes the nonlinear susceptibility chi((2)) in the frequency domain, monitoring second-harmonic generation during the application of a strong ac electric field. The out-of-phase component of chi((2)) exhibits behavior similar to that of the loss component in dielectric relaxation and is shown to be unaffected by electric-field-induced third-order effects. The relation to dielectric relaxation is discussed, and stretched exponential parameters are extracted for a Disperse-Red-1/poly(methylmethacrylate) guest-host system. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Herman, WN (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Code 4556, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.15.000351 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA YT825 UT WOS:000071648800042 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Hervig, LK Milner, JS Newell, CE Koss, MP AF Merrill, LL Hervig, LK Milner, JS Newell, CE Koss, MP TI Premilitary intimate partner conflict resolution in a navy basic trainee sample SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COURTSHIP VIOLENCE; GENDER DIFFERENCES; AGGRESSION; WOMEN; SEX AB This study investigated the rates of intimate partner verbal and physical violence (inflicted and received) and the rates of physical injury inflicted by the intimate partner that were reported by 2,987 female and male Navy basic trainees who voluntarily completed self-report questionnaires during the first week of training. The rates of intimate partner physical violence reported by the trainees were at the upper end of the range of rates reported by college students. More female (46.9%) than male (31.9%) trainees reported at least one instance of inflicting physical violence. In addition to a higher absolute frequency of physical violence, women reported significantly higher physical violence scores, which indicated that women used physical violence at a higher rate than men. Nevertheless, substantially more women (24.9%) than men (9.0%) reported being physically injured by an intimate partner, supporting the view that the consequences of intimate partner physical violence are more serious for women. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Family & Community Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1001_1 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YV828 UT WOS:000071867400001 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, P Newell, CE Le, S AF Rosenfeld, P Newell, CE Le, S TI Equal opportunity climate of women and minorities in the Navy: Results from the Navy Equal Opportunity Sexual Harassment (NEOSH) Survey SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Psychol Assoc AB This article reviews the equal opportunity (EO) climate of women and minorities in the Navy based on the results of the 1993 Navy Equal Opportunity/Sexual Harassment (NEOSH) Survey. A random sample of active-duty Navy officers and enlisted personnel stratified by racial and ethnic group (White/Other, Black, and Hispanic) and gender was selected, resulting in 12 groups (N = 3,801; response rate = 41%). The data were weighted to reflect the actual distribution of the 12 groups in the Navy population. Results indicated that overall Navy EO climate is positive; however, the perceptions of women and Blacks were generally less positive than those of men and Whites. Specific findings on racial and gender discrimination are discussed. Overall, the results show that those who have experienced racial or gender discrimination are less satisfied with the Navy, have higher intentions of leaving, and lower intentions to remain in the Navy until retirement. Comparisons between 1991 and 1993 findings showed evidence of widening perceptual gaps between Whites and minorities and between men and women, especially among officers. Implications of these results are discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rosenfeld, P (reprint author), USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, Code 122,53335 Ryne Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1002_1 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA ZJ443 UT WOS:000073216200002 ER PT J AU Schwerin, MJ Corcoran, KJ AF Schwerin, MJ Corcoran, KJ TI Discriminant analysis of medical-care use among shipboard US navy men and women SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; HEALTH BELIEFS; CHECKS AB A matched sample of men and women in the U.S. Navy (N = 1,068) were examined in a study of shipboard medical-care use. The instrument used in this study is theoretically based on the Health Beliefs Model (HBM). Theoretically, the HEM attempts to explain health-seeking behavior by describing the antecedent conditions within the individual. Preliminary chi-square results indicate statistically significant gender differences in health-care use. Separate discriminant function analyses were employed for men and women. Results for each separate discriminant function analysis yielded a single statistically significant function for female crewmembers only. Univariate F-ratio results between female medical users and nonusers show that users have significantly higher ratings of health value, health comparison, and "reason" barriers (e.g., "I already see the doctor a lot"). Male users and nonusers differ in that users have significantly higher ratings of medical-care satisfaction, whereas nonusers have significantly higher "motivation" barriers. Implications of these findings and the efficacy of the HEM are discussed. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Schwerin, MJ (reprint author), USN, Personnel Command, Navy Equal Opportun Div Pers 61R, 7800 3rd St,Bldg 457, Millington, TN 38054 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 3 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1003_1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA ZY495 UT WOS:000074627500001 ER PT B AU Liu, JM Brizzolara, RA Rose, DN AF Liu, JM Brizzolara, RA Rose, DN BE Green, RE TI Nondestructive characterization of the thermal diffusivity of poor conductors by a low cost, flash technique SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VIII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 15-20, 1997 CL BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Nondestructive Testing, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF, Wright Labs, USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Liu, JM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45900-0 PY 1998 BP 739 EP 745 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BL94P UT WOS:000077254000116 ER PT B AU Meyer, RJ AF Meyer, RJ BE Wallace, JW Steinman, J Davani, D Elizandro, D TI Standard Object Interface Linkage (SOIL): Reuse and interoperability for everyone? SO OBJECT-ORIENTED SIMULATION CONFERENCE (OOS'98) AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION AND MULTIMEDIA IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION (ICSEE'98), PROCEEDINGS OF LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Object-Oriented Simulation Conference/International Conference on Simulation and Multimedia in Engineering Education at the 1998 Western MultiConference CY JAN 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE interoperability; reuse; interface; object; model AB sThe Modeling & Simulation (M&S) arena could be described as an "architecture-rich" environment - a plethora of architecture solutions have been "found" to the problem of M&S duplication (DIS, HLA, ALSP, JSIMS,JWARS, JMASS, SAMSON. et al), all promising some form of software reuse and/or interoperability. This paper proposes creating a (set of) Standard Object Interface Linkage(s) or SOIL(s) - basically an agreed-upon connection that models (objects) would use with simulations (architectures) for true "plug and play" capability. This paper suggests that it is both feasible and preferable to define such a (set of) SOIL(s), which in the limit would allow, with reasonably little simulation (architecture) modification the use of the same model (object) - literally, the same compiled code - in virtually all existing or planned simulations (architectures), something not even remotely possible today. This paper concludes that simulations (architectures) should be developed to the extent that they address different problem domains, but suggests restricting the models (objects) to development by object domain-expert consortia, using a (set of) SOIL(s), but otherwise free to choose whatever language/scheme makes sense far that domain. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Meyer, RJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Code 418200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-142-7 PY 1998 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN55E UT WOS:000082192200011 ER PT B AU Konoske, P Deniston, W Barker, R Moses, D AF Konoske, P Deniston, W Barker, R Moses, D BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Evaluation of the Mobile Medical Monitor (M3) in a field environment SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB The delivery of state-of-the-art medical care to deployed forces continues to be a top priority for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. To support this priority, the Navy assembled a suite of clinical sensors and accompanying administrative and communications software in a rugged mobile modular computer unit for field use. The 1(st) Medical Battalion Camp Pendleton, San Diego, CA participated in field testing of the Mobile Medical Monitor (M3) unit. The users commenced that the clinical sensors worked well and allowed for easy storage of data, but that the M3 should allow for multiple patients to be monitored by a single computer and should include a relational database. Future development of the system will incorporate the user recommendations. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Konoske, P (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767929 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800014 ER PT J AU Hammond, RT Davis, J Bobb, L AF Hammond, RT Davis, J Bobb, L TI Equivalence regime for magnetohydrodynamic and lossy electromagnetic waves SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PERIOD MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; IONOSPHERE; MAGNETOSPHERE; EXCITATION; ATMOSPHERE; IONOSONDE AB It is shown that for particular combinations of conductivity and frequency, magnetohydrodynamic waves have the same properties as electromagnetic waves. These conditions prevail in the ionosphere for low frequency waves, so this result may be useful in calculating loss, reflection, and transmission coefficient for magnetohydrodynamic waves. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Hammond, RT (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM rhammond@plains.nodak.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1998 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1201 EP 1204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.57.1201 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YT413 UT WOS:000071600400147 ER PT S AU Hewer, G Kenney, C Laub, AJ AF Hewer, G Kenney, C Laub, AJ GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Sensitivity of control computations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Automat Control Council, AIAA, AIChE, ASCE, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB The work of Bob Bass and others on the sensitivity of dynamical systems in control inspired continuing research on the accuracy and condition of control computations. In the following we provide details on some of the matrix extensions of the performance bounds Bass developed using the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations. The theory of these matrix: performance bounds has been matched with reliable numerical procedures for their computation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, G (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-4530-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1998 BP 415 EP 418 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BL45T UT WOS:000075568200089 ER PT S AU Van Orden, KF Jung, TP Makeig, S AF Van Orden, KF Jung, TP Makeig, S GP HFES HFES HFES TI Eye activity correlates of fatigue during a visual tracking task SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ND ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc ID ALERTNESS; PERFORMANCE; SPECTRUM AB Five concurrent eye activity measures were used to model fatigue-related changes in performance during a visual compensatory tracking task. Five subjects demonstrated considerable variations in performance level within two 53-min testing sessions during which continuous video-based eye activity measures were obtained. For each subject, moving estimates of blink duration and frequency, fixation duration and frequency, and mean pupil diameter from one session were used to train an artificial neural network to produce moving estimates of changes in mean tracking performance during the same session. Applied to eye tracking data from a second session, the same networks produced moving estimates of tracking performance that were highly correlated with actual performance changes (R-2=0.65, range 0.30-0.89 across ten sessions). The results suggest that information from multiple eye measures may be combined to produce individualized and accurate estimates of sub-minute scale changes in alertness during continuous task performance. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Van Orden, KF (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-11-1 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1998 BP 1122 EP 1126 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BM69U UT WOS:000079494900236 ER PT S AU Borden, B AF Borden, B BE Miceli, WJ TI Reduction of radar image artifacts caused by target inlets SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications III CY JUL 20-21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE SAR; ISAR; inlet; duct; cavity; image artifact; gamma-transform; strive transform AB The 'weak scatterer' approximation is usually inappropriate for re-entrant target structures, and ISAR images based on this approximation often display unwanted 'artifacts' which can complicate image interpretation. Last year, Ne presented an image restoration method which can be used to mitigate these artifacts without significant impact on neighboring image components and demonstrated its application using anechoic chamber data (SPIE Proc., Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications II, vol. 3161, pp. 9-19 (1997)). Since then, we have further examined this novel filtering technique and applied it to measured ISAR data. In addition, duct shape-specific parameters can be recovered using this analysis, and we have looked at the possibility of applying these to the problem of radar-based target classification. Our presentation will review the past theory and present results of our investigations over the past year. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2917-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3462 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.326762 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BM20P UT WOS:000078028400004 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Rose, JL Barshinger, JN Agarwala, VS AF Zhu, W Rose, JL Barshinger, JN Agarwala, VS TI Ultrasonic guided wave NDT for hidden corrosion detection SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID LAMB WAVES; PLATE; SCATTERING; REFLECTION AB An experimental study of hidden corrosion detection by using ultrasonic guided waves is presented combined with a BEM numerical simulation. Both corrosion simulation specimens by machine cutting and real corrosion specimens by electrochemical processing were used in the investigation, with a range of corrosion depths from 0.02 to 0.4 mm (1.5 to 20% of the original plate thickness). Various wave modes were subsequently generated on these specimens to examine the implications of thinning on mode cutoff, group velocity, and transmission and reflection amplitudes. The transmission and reflection of guided waves upon entering the corrosion zone were simulated by a hybrid BEM calculation that combines a normal mode expansion technique of Lamb waves for far fields with the boundary element representation for the scattered near fields. A quantitative technique for hidden corrosion depth with guided waves is developed based on a frequency compensation concept. The estimated depth of the real corrosion by this method shows good agreement with that by an optical microscope. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Zhu, W (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 114 Hallowell Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011 NR 16 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 205 EP 225 DI 10.1080/09349849808968143 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 150MZ UT WOS:000077669900002 ER PT J AU Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB AF Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB TI A study of titanium surface pretreatments for bonding with polyimide and epoxy adhesives SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International SAMPE Techical Conference (ISTC) / Composites-Fabricators-Association CY 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc AB Adhesive bond durability depends on the properties of the adhesive, the surface preparation, and the primer used. Surface pretreatment is necessary in order to substitute the preexisting weak oxide layer on the metal surface with a more stable one. Currently, chromic acid anodizing is the most widely used pretreatment on titanium surfaces prior to bonding. Among the chemical treatments, Pasa jell 107, Turco 5578, and alkaline peroxide etching are widely known. The importance of a good surface pretreatment can not be overstated in applications where high performance and durability are critical. It is the objective of this study to examine the conventional surface pretreatments for titanium together with some more recently developed treatments. Among these newer pretreatments, two sol/gel methods were investigated. Single lap shears and floating roller peel samples were prepared using epoxy and polyimide adhesives. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Arnold, JR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YQ952 UT WOS:000071441700003 ER PT S AU Elson, JM Tran, P AF Elson, JM Tran, P BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Application of MOMI iteration to solve the magnetic and electric field integral equations SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness II CY JUL 21-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE MFIE; EFIE; MOMI; magnetic field integral equation; electric field integral equation; rough surface; scattering; iteration AB We apply the method of ordered multiple interactions (MOMI) to salve the magnetic and electric field integral equations pertinent to electromagnetic scattering from a randomly rough dielectric-dielectic interface. We consider a two-dimensional geometry (invariance in the y-direction) and investigate convergence of the MOMI algorithm for a TM polarized incident plane wave and Gaussian tapered beam. It is known that the Neumann iteration does not converge for a dielectric system. The MOMI, which is basically a Neumann iteration on an extensive modification of the original integral equation, also does not converge. We show a new combination of the relevant integral equations for which the MOMI converges. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, Computat Sci Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, Computat Sci Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2881-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3426 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.328469 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07N UT WOS:000077548600004 ER PT S AU Elson, JM DeSandre, LF AF Elson, JM DeSandre, LF BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI An iterative approach to solving the magnetic and electric field integral equations for scattering by a dielectric thin film SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness II CY JUL 21-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE MFIE; EFIE; MOMI; magnetic field integral equation; electric field integral equation; rough surface; scattering; iteration; thin film AB We apply an iterative solution approach, the method of ordered multiple interactions (MOMI), to solve the magnetic and electric field integral equations which are pertinent to scattering by a thin dielectric film bounded by a semi-infinite dielectric substrate and by a semi-infinite dielectric superstrate. The thin film boundaries are randomly rough, which is numerically generated. We consider two-dimensional geometry (invariance in the y-direction) and investigate convergence for a TM polarized incident Gaussian tapered beam. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, Res & Technol Grp,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, Res & Technol Grp,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2881-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3426 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.328478 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07N UT WOS:000077548600006 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF Nee, TW AF Nee, SMF Nee, TW BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Polarization of scattering by rough surfaces SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness II CY JUL 21-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE polarization; scattering; reflection; rough surface; depolarization; ellipsometry; Mueller matrix AB Ellipsometric parameters, depolarization and directional reflectance of reflection and scattering by a rough stainless steel surface are measured. Linear and circular polarizations, and principal Mueller matrix can be obtained from the above quantities. Measurements were made at fixed incident and detection directions and variable sample's orientation. For one-dimensional rough surfaces, it was found that depolarization and circular polarization increase with the off-specular angle of scattering while linear polarization does the opposite. Measurements were also made for specular direction. The effective refractive index, extinction coefficient and rms roughness for the rough sample were derived from these data. C1 USN, Air Warface Ctr, Weapons Div, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warface Ctr, Weapons Div, Phys Branch, Code 4B1200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2881-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3426 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1117/12.328452 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07N UT WOS:000077548600018 ER PT S AU Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Stenger-Smith, JD Zarras, P Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Yee, RY Wynne, KJ AF Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Stenger-Smith, JD Zarras, P Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Yee, RY Wynne, KJ BE Eich, M TI Second-order nonlinear optical films from alternating polyelectrolyte deposition SO SECOND-ORDER ORGANIC NONLINEAR OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Order Organic Nonlinear Optics Conference CY JUL 21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE nonlinear optics; polymers; electro-optic films ID POLYANION AB This is a preliminary report on alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) with the goal of making electro-optic films at room temperature. By means of the APD method, films were built up layer-by-layer at room temperature by a dipping process. APD requires two complementary polymers, one being negatively charged and the other being positively charged. The polymer in solution is attracted to the solid substrate by coulombic forces to form the next layer on the substrate. For the first time, second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer films were prepared by APD in which both polymers were NLO-active. The cationic polymer contained a side-chain stilbazole chromophore, and the anionic polymer contained a main-chain cinnamoyl chromophore. The intensity of the second harmonic signal generated in the film increased quadratically with each layer for the first twenty layers. C1 USN, US Dept, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div,Mat & Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), USN, US Dept, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div,Mat & Chem Branch, Code 4B2200D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2929-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3474 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.328582 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM41L UT WOS:000078663300007 ER PT S AU Miller, PJ Lindfors, AJ AF Miller, PJ Lindfors, AJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock loading and reactive flow modeling studies of void induced AP/Al/HTPB propellant SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The unreactive Hugoniot of a class 1.3 propellant has been investigated by shock compression experiments. The results are analyzed in terms of an ignition and growth reactive flow model using the DYNA2D hydrocode. The calculated shock ignition parameters of the model show a linear dependence on measured void volume which appears to reproduce the observed gauge records well. Shock waves were generated by impact in a 75 mm single stage powder gun. Manganin and PVDF pressure gauges provided pressure-time histories to 140 kbar. The propellants were of similar formulation differing only in AP particle size and the addition of a burn rate modifer (Fe2O3) from that of previous investigations. Results show neglible effect of AP particle size on shock response in contrast to the addition of Fe2O3 which appears to 'stiffen' the unreactive Hugoniot and enhances significantly the reactive rates under shock. The unreactive Hugoniot, within experimental error, compares favorably to the solid AP Hugoniot. Shock experiments were performed on propellant samples strained to induce insitu voids. The material state was quantified by uniaxial tension dialatometry. The experimental records show a direct correlation between void volume (0 to 1.7%) and chemical reactivity behind the shock front. These results are discussed in terms of 'hot spot' ignition resulting from the shock collapse of the voids. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Detonat Sci Sect, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miller, PJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Detonat Sci Sect, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 373 EP 376 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700087 ER PT S AU John, HJ Hudson, FE Robbs, R AF John, HJ Hudson, FE Robbs, R BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI High strain rate testing of AP/Al/HTPB solid propellants SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Ammonium perchlorate (AP), aluminum (Al), and hydroxy-terminater polybutadiene (HTPB) solid propellant samples were subjected to strain rates up to 700 sec(-1) using the Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus. The issues are the effects of temperature on the mechanical behavior of these propellants at high strain rates. Strain rates were between 100 sec(-1) and 700 sec(-1) over wide range of temperature regions. Included in this paper are the strain rates, strain, and stress curves and material response properties for Aluminum, AP, and HTPB based propellants formulation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP John, HJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 603 EP 606 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700143 ER PT S AU Woody, DL Davis, JJ Deiter, JS AF Woody, DL Davis, JJ Deiter, JS BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Recovery studies of impact-induced metal/polymer reactions in titanium based composites SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB This paper will discuss the effect of rapid plastic flow upon a porous mixture containing titanium and Teflon. The unconfined samples were impacted at 13 m/s to induce a plastic flow. With the addition of Teflon, reactions have been observed. A two color infrared detector was used for real time emission measurements of the reacting materials. Micrographs show a region of decomposition surrounded by an unaltered area. X-ray diffraction results showed that the area of reaction had TiC whereas the surrounding area contained titanium. There was no solid Teflon recovered. The effect of the addition of aluminum and silicon to the mixture was also observed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Airframe Ordnance & Prop Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Woody, DL (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Airframe Ordnance & Prop Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 667 EP 669 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700158 ER PT S AU Sutherland, GT Gustavson, PK Lemar, ER O'Connor, J AF Sutherland, GT Gustavson, PK Lemar, ER O'Connor, J BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock response of the explosive PBXN-103 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB For the explosive PBXN-103, multiple gauge gas gun experiments were performed to obtain Hugoniot and Lee-Tarver reactive rate law parameters. Simulations based on these parameters produced pressure histories in good agreement with measured pressure histories. These parameters were also used to simulate other tests such as failure diameter, the large scale gap test, and the modified gap test. Again, good agreement was found between the observed and calculated results. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sutherland, GT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 747 EP 750 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700177 ER PT S AU Perez, I Santos, R Kulowitch, P Ryan, M AF Perez, I Santos, R Kulowitch, P Ryan, M BE Snell, JR Wurzbach, RN TI Calorimetric modeling of thermographic data SO THERMOSENSE XX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XX CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE NDE; thermography; thermal models; calorimetric models; defects AB Thermographic data is typically analyzed in terms of thermal time of night methods. Information regarding the depth of flaws in metal and composite materials can be obtained in this manner. Small discrepancies between experimental data and actual depth of flaw have been observed when the flaw diameter varies while the depth remains constant. The slope of the rising portion of the contrast curve has been shown to be more insensitive to these types of effects. Most of these types of analysis are empirical in nature and strongly depend on the material being studied. Simple calorimetric arguments have recently been derived which also allow for the derivation of the same depth information but at the same time provide more insight into the thermographic process. In this talk these simple calorimetric arguments will be presented and correlated to experimental results from samples with various flat bottom holes. Results on Al and polymer matrix composites will be presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2810-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3361 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.304716 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BL17D UT WOS:000074540100009 ER PT S AU Van Nevel, A AF Van Nevel, A BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Texture classification using wavelet frame decompositions SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Multiscale approaches have provided researchers with a new avenue of approach concerning problems in texture analysis curd segmentation. In this paper. a nerv multiscale method is described one which extracts a feature vector that is bared on a density of zero crossings of a wavelet frame decomposition for a particular texture. Each subband of the decomposition contains information for a particular scale and orientation. Thirty-four different textures were analyzed, with six different wavelet families (Haar, D4, D10,D20,DS8, and C6), and the classification results for different distance metrics are discussed. Also, the validity of this approach to the texture segmentation problem is addressed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, A (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800058 ER PT S AU Hanson, GA Iltis, RA AF Hanson, GA Iltis, RA BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Near optimal detection of complex signals with unknown parameters SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we consider the problem of detecting complex signals with uncertain parameters including amplitude and phase. For one class of problems the optimal solution is a three-layer neural network with an infinite number of intermediate nodes. We investigate several finite size structures which approximate the output of the optimal detector and deliver near optimal detection performance with reduced complexity. Training these structures is shown to have art interpretation in terms of minimizing cross entropy. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hanson, GA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 472C00D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 530 EP 534 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800099 ER PT S AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Spatially partitioned lossless image compression in an embedded framework SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we present a new method of lossless image compression which has two additional useful properties: (1) a continuous range of lower resolution images (e.g., lossy images) can be extracted from the representation ard (2) any desired region of the image can be individually extracted with lip to lossless quality. We achieve these additional properties by spatially partitioning a modified version of the Embedded Zerotree Wavelet compression algorithm. Specifically, the proposed approach uses a new form of successive coefficient refinement which reduces its complexity and improves its rate-distortion performance for lossy decompression. We show here that the compression performance of the proposed method is only slightly worse than that of the Said & Pearlman approach which does not offer regional decompression. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 1455 EP 1459 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800274 ER PT B AU Tucker, HD Crawford, JJ AF Tucker, HD Crawford, JJ GP SAFE SAFE TI Safety of flight and anthropometry in United States Navy aircraft SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The US Navy initiated a tri-service effort in 1994 to agree on a population data set representative of the future Department of Defense aviator pool, map current Naval aircraft crew stations, and standardize methods to evaluate crew member accommodation. The Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) is specified to accommodate a much wider range of pilot body sizes than any other aircraft in USN/USAF history. Based on the jointly-selected JPATS population, the USN anticipated a concern for this expanded range of pilots to safely fly subsequent aircraft and a need to reengineer those aircraft to better meet a Congressional mandate for female accommodation. To address this safety concern, the USN initiated the cockpit mapping effort to quantify safe pilot fit in all operational aircraft. The USN performs three-dimensional computer aided drafting (CAD) based cockpit measurements of the accommodation provided by each aircraft and measures the clearances, reaches, and field of view for a range of individuals. The end products are prediction equations that are used to determine a percentage of the target population (JPATS) that is expected to be accommodated in a particular aircraft. Aircrew candidate selections for a training pipeline and final operational assignments are based on achieving a suitable seat position. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Tucker, HD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200009 ER PT B AU Jaffee, M Coughlin, R Moore, B AF Jaffee, M Coughlin, R Moore, B GP SAFE SAFE TI Priority one: Survival! - Part III - Navy state-of-the-art survival item update - personal survival kit SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB At the 1995 SAFE Symposium, a paper was presented regarding a database developed by the State-of-the-Art (SOA) program at the Naval Air Warfare Center at Patuxent River with the goal of determining what the priority of survival items should be for survival, evasion and rescue. That paper, Priority One, Survival!, discussed the database, explained its initial findings and requested feedback from the community pertaining to this issue. During the 1996 SAFE Symposium, Mr. James Johnson continued the discussion in his presentation, Survival Equipment, Has It Really Changed?. At the 1997 Symposium, Priority One Survival! -- PART II, the discussion was broadened regarding this important issue of what should be carried as survival equipment. Military as well as civilian usage of survival items was addressed as well as the priority items for different aircraft, environments, military services and countries. This presentation will discuss recommendations as to what should be carried by aircrew as a personal survival kit to supplement what is already available in military survival kits and vests. Inputs will examine recommendations from such organizations as the National Rifle Association (NRA) and Boy Scouts to that proposed by various civilian books and magazine articles, survival outfitters, as well as military manuals and articles. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Jaffee, M (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 288 EP 314 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200034 ER PT B AU Thorpe, RC AF Thorpe, RC GP SAFE SAFE TI Evaluation of head mobility in the xyz plane for a newly designed neck bellows on the chemical biological & radiological (CBR) impermeable ventilated mask, MCK-3A/P SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The experimental program described in this paper will address the head rotation deficiency which was first sited during the flight and ground evaluation of the A/P23P-14A(V)2,3,4 TACAIR Conversion Chemical Biological & Radiological (CBR) Protective System in 1995: Decreased head rotation, and head mobility in the three dimensional (xyz) plane is a critical limitation for fixed wing aircrew because the ability of Navy pilots to visually identify and track missiles is degraded and their field of regard is reduced. The analytical instrument used to investigate head rotation was the Polhemus Navigation Science 3Space(R) digitizer/tracker system. The Polhemus 3Space(R) system utilized low-frequency magnetic field technology to determine the position and orientation of a sensor in relation to a source or some other specified reference frame. The Polhemus 3Space(R) system provided the capability to quickly capture the geometry of a three-dimensional nonmetallic object, which could then be transmitted as ASCII or binary data to a host computer system. provided the capability to quickly capture the The experimental results reported in this paper were used to evaluate a newly designed neck! seal for the CBR impermeable ventilated mask, MCK-3A/P. A statistical comparison. of the Polhemus head tracker results for the modified mask versus the baseline mask was used to quantitatively determine improvements in head rotation and ultimately led to a decision for implementation of the newly designed neck bellows. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Thorpe, RC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 329 EP 344 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200037 ER PT B AU Gordge, DN AF Gordge, DN GP SAFE SAFE TI Qualification of an expanded coverage g-suit for navy combat edge SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The Navy Combat Edge (NCE) System is an aviation life support system designed to provide increased g-tolerance in high performance aircraft. The design incorporates g-modulated positive pressure breathing, an upper torso counter pressure garment, and an extended coverage g-suit. In September of 1997, the NCE lower anti-g garment, EAGLE (CSU-20/P) suffered a failure during a combat training mission, causing the pilot to temporarily lose control of his F/A-18 aircraft, and to consequently abort the flight. Fortunately, both aircraft and pilot landed safely. The incident resulted in grounding of the NCE system until appropriate remedial actions were identified. The NCE team undertook an engineering investigation of the g-suit's failure. The results of the investigation revealed deficiencies of the bladder design, the restraint fabric, and the performance standards by which the g-suit had been originally qualified. This paper presents the test methods pursued and developed throughout the investigation, and recommendation for a new qualification standard for the performance of g-suits. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Gordge, DN (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200038 ER PT B AU Reed, R Ciaramitaro, DA Brady, VL AF Reed, R Ciaramitaro, DA Brady, VL GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Binders facilitating ordnance demilitarization SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB Conventional propellants and plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) contain binders which are unlikely to be degraded by exposure to solvents or dilute acids and bases under practical demilling conditions. Polymer backbones are robust and the curing linkages are not sufficiently labile to hydrolyze under the relatively mild conditions of demilling. Polysulfides have a polyether chain while polybutadienes have stable carbon-carbon bonds. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers as well as polyalkylene oxides (PAO) and polyoxetanes are unreactive under demilling conditions. Typical curing linkages such as hydroxy esters, hydroxy amides, and methanes are also unreactive. However, polyesters containing electron-withdrawing substituents on the dicarboxylic acids can be hydrolyzed under mild conditions, especially those containing di-, tri-, or polyethylene glycols. Urethane linkages in cured elastomers formed from isocyanates bearing an adjacent carbomethoxy moiety, such as lysine methyl ester diisocyanate (LDIM), also enhance hydrolysis. LDIM is an advantageous curative since it hydrolyzes to the nontoxic essential amino acid, lysine. Propellants and PBXs containing hydroxyl terminated polyethylene glycol adipate cured with LDIM can be demilled by immersion in aqueous ammonia. Dissolution of the binder allows facile and quantitative recovery of energetic ingredients. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Reed, R (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 457 EP 467 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600038 ER PT B AU Yu, KH Wilson, KJ Schadow, KC AF Yu, KH Wilson, KJ Schadow, KC BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Liquid-fueled active instability suppression SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID COMBUSTION INSTABILITIES; PARTICLE DISPERSION; SHEAR-LAYER; OSCILLATIONS; JET AB Active instability suppression using periodic liquid-fuel injection was demonstrated in a dump combustor. The controller fuel, which made up 12%-30% of the total heat release, was pulsed directly into the combustion chamber, and the injection timing was adjusted with respect to the combustor pressure signal. Because the injection timing determined the degree of interaction between pulsed fuel sprays and periodic large-scale flow features, it significantly affected the spatial distribution of fuel droplets inside the combustion chamber. Simple closed-loop control of the pulsed injection timing was applied to two different cases that developed natural instabilities. In the first case, the instability frequency was unchanged at the onset of the closed-loop control, and this fact allowed up to 15 dB reduction in the sound pressure level. A detailed investigation showed that the pressure oscillation amplitude reached the minimum value when the start of the pulsed fuel injection was synchronized with the inlet vortex shedding process. In the second case, the same controller was applied to a higher output combustor, where the injection timing affected not only the oscillation amplitude but also the instability frequency. For the high output case, the controller was able to suppress tile oscillations initially, but it could not maintain the suppressed amplitude, resulting in unsteady modulation of the oscillation amplitude and frequency. The intermittent loss of control was linked to the frequency-dependent phase shift, associated with an electronic band-pass filter. The present results open up the possibility of utilizing direct pulsed liquid-fuel injection for active combustion control in propulsion devices, but they also show the limitation of a simple phase-delay approach in completely suppressing the natural oscillations under certain conditions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 92555 USA. RP Yu, KH (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, Code 4832000, China Lake, CA 92555 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2039 EP 2046 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600236 ER PT B AU Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D AF Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI RDX ignition flame structure SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO AB Quantitative CN, OH, and OH rotational temperature, and velocity two-dimensional profiles have been imaged using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging or particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV) during ignition and deradiative extinguishment of cyclotrilmethylene-trimitramine, (RDX) at three different heat flux: levels. Relative NO2 and NO profiles were also imaged with PLIF. Decomposition products, such as NO and NO2, were formed early in the laser heating process and the gas plume moved away from the surface. At a later time, ignition occurred in the gas phase, as evidenced by radical buildup such as CN and OH. This often showed as a spherical ignition kernel away from the surface. The flame then transitioned rapidly to a thin flame sheet that moved toward the surface. With longer heating times, laser-supported quasi-steady-state deflagration develops as the flame sheet again moves somewhat further from the surface. This data can be used as an aide in the development of fully time-dependent RDX combustion models. The ignition and deradiative extinguishment data will help validate these time-accurate models, which can then be used to study combustion instability. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Res, Combust Diagnost Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Parr, T (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Res, Combust Diagnost Lab, Code 4B3200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2301 EP 2308 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600266 ER PT J AU Norris, WP Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS Gilardi, RD AF Norris, WP Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS Gilardi, RD TI Formation of urea, isourea, and triazine derivatives from diisopropylcyanamide with trifluoroacetic anhydride and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride: Thermal instability of urea and isourea derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Diisopropylcyanamide reacts exothermically with trifluoroacetic anhydride to give 2, an equilibrium mixture, in C6D6 solution, of 1:1 adducts, N,N-diisopropyl-N',O-bis(trifluoroacetyl), 2a (10%), and N,N-diisopropyl-N',N'-bis(trifluoroacetyl)urea, 2c (90%), at 27 degrees C. Compound 2c is a colorless solid, mp 49-51 degrees C. Thermolysis of 2, at 117 degrees C, shows first-order kinetics with the intital products being trifluoroacetonitrile, 4, and diisopropylcarbamic trifluoroacetic mixed anhydride, 3. Trifluoroacetonitrile trimerizes to 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and 3 is thermally labile giving diisopropyltrifluoroacetamide and CO2. In the thermolysis reaction 4 reacts with 2a to give a small amount of 4-(diisopropylamino)-4-(trifluoroacetoxy)-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazine 7. A related compound, 4,4-bis(diisopropylamino)-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,3-5-oxadiazine, 8, is formed from 7 and 2c going through a concentration maximum at 4000 s in the kinetic run. Compound 8 thermolytically dissociates to generate 4 and tetraisopropylurea. Compound 2 is a tirfluoroacetylating agent with methanol giving methyl trifluoroacetate in 97% yield. Accompanying this reaction is a methanol displacement of diisopropylamine giving a 1.7% yield of methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)urethane. Diisopropylcyanamide also reacts exothermically with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to give 2,4,6-tris(diisopropylamino)-1-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)triazinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 15, in 96% yield. X-ray crystallographic structure drawing of 15 shows N1 (attached to CF3SO2) is pyramidal while N2, N4, and N6 (all diisopropylamino nitrogens) are sp(2)-planar. A small amount of O-ethyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N'-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)isourea was also recovered, produced by the reaction of the initially formed intermediate, N,N-diisopropyl-N',O-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)isourea, with ethanol contaminant in absolute ethyl ether solvent. Treatment of 15 with methanol, in the presence of K2CO3, gave a 90% yield of 2,4,6-tris(diisopropylamine)-1-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-4-methoxy-1,4-dihydrotriazine. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Norris, WP (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 62 IS 26 BP 9070 EP 9075 DI 10.1021/jo9710184 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YQ657 UT WOS:000071410200025 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JW AF Kaufman, JW TI Dependence of human respiratory thermal washout on extrathoracic airway conditions SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE asthma; breathing; cold exposure; cold-induced bronchospasms; respiration; thermoregulation ID HEAT-EXCHANGE; WATER; TEMPERATURES; MOUTH AB Thermal washout curves hare been proposed as noninvasive tools for analysing lower airway dimensions and pulmonary blood flow, but how upper airway heat transfer affects these washout curves is unclear, The present study was designed to compare extrathoracic and tracheobronchial contributions to thermal washout curves, Respiratory frequency, air ambient temperature, and body core temperature (tc) were varied in sis male subjects before and after immersion in cold (1.1 degrees C) water for up to 2 h under three conditions: 1) control: ambient temperature (tamb) = USA 25 degrees C, rectal temperature change (Delta tre) = O degrees C; 2) pre-immersion: tamb = 4 degrees C, Delta tre = 0 degrees C; and 3) post-immersion: tamb = 25 degrees C, Delta tre = -0.7 degrees C, Both peak expiratory nasal (tpn) and oral (tpo) airstream temperatures were measured, Each subject was tested twice, Expiratory tpo was generally higher than tpn in all conditions, Increasing breathing rates lowered tpn and tpo in the control and cold air environments. Orifice temperatures, which are presumed to reflect upper airway blood temperatures, correlated, with both tpn and tpo, Lowering tr had no effect on washout curves during quiet breathing and affected only tpn during rapid breathing, The results suggest that while tracheobronchial conditions may contribute to thermal washout curl es, extrathoracic conditions predominate, Strong correlations between orifice temperatures, peak expiratory nasal temperatures and peak expiratory oral temperature demonstrate the dominant role of upper airway heat exchange in determining thermal washout curves. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Human Performance Technol Branch, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RP Kaufman, JW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, S Engn Ctr, Bldg 2187 Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2778 EP 2783 DI 10.1183/09031936.97.10122778 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA YV707 UT WOS:000071854700018 PM 9493660 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI An observation about radar imaging of re-entrant structures with implications for automatic target recognition SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE CAVITIES; SCATTERING; ISAR; RCS AB The standard inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) high-frequency weak-scatterer model is inappropriate to targets with inlets and cavities, and images created under this model assumption often display artifacts associated with these structures. Since inlets and cavities (typically) make a strong contribution to the radar field scattered from aircraft targets, these artifacts often confound the image interpretation process and considerable effort has been spent in recent years to model, isolate, and remove these sources of error. Many of the more complete and accurate scattering models require extensive knowledge about the cavity/inlet shape and size and, moreover, are numerically intensive-features that make them unsuitable for many imaging applications. We examine an older (and less accurate) model based on a weak-scattering modal expansion of the structure which appears to be well suited to ISAR imaging. In addition, the analysis shows how cavity/inlet shape-specific information may be estimated from an ordinary ISAR image. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 EI 1361-6420 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1452 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/13/6/002 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA YM443 UT WOS:000071064000002 ER PT J AU Feld, GK Mollerus, M Birgersdotter-Green, U Fujimura, O Bahnson, TD Boyce, K Rahme, M AF Feld, GK Mollerus, M Birgersdotter-Green, U Fujimura, O Bahnson, TD Boyce, K Rahme, M TI Conduction velocity in the tricuspid valve-inferior vena cava isthmus is slower in patients with type I atrial flutter compared to those without a history of atrial flutter SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 15-19, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Cardiol DE atrial flutter; slow conduction ID RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION; NODAL REENTRANT TACHYCARDIA; PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME; CANINE MODEL; CRUSH-INJURY; ARRHYTHMIAS; PROPAGATION; ACTIVATION; EFFICACY; ANATOMY AB Slower Conduction in the TV-ITC Isthmus, Introduction: In human type I atrial nutter, the electrophysiologic substrate is unclear, In order to determine if slow conduction is mechanistically important, we evaluated conduction velocity in the tricuspid valve-inferior vena cava (TV-IVC) isthmus, right atrial free wall, and interatrial septum in patients with and without a history of atrial flutter undergoing electrophysiologic study. Methods and Results: Nine patients with (group 1) and nine without a history of type 1 atrial flutter (group 2) were studied, Conduction time (msec) in the right atrial free wall, TV-IVC isthmus (bidirectional), and interatrial septum was measured during pacing in sinus rhythm at cycle lengths of 600, 500, 400, and 300 msec from the low lateral right atrium and coronary sinus ostium, Conduction velocity (cm/sec) was calculated by dividing the distance between pacing electrodes and sensing electrodes (cm) by the conduction time (sec), Conduction velocity was slower in the TV-IVC isthmus in group 1 (range 37 +/- 8 to 42 +/- 8 cm/sec) versus group 2 (range 50 +/- 8 to 55 +/- 9 msec) at all pacing cycle lengths (P < 0.05), However, conduction velocity was not different in the right atrial free wall or interatrial septum between groups 1 and 2, Conduction velocity was also slower in the TV-IVC isthmus than in the right atrial free wall and interatrial septum in group 1 patients, at all pacing cycle lengths (P < 0.05), Atrial flutter cycle length correlated with total atrial conduction time (r greater than or equal to 0.832, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Slow conduction in the TV-IVC isthmus may be mechanistically important for the development of human type I atrial putter. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Feld, GK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUTURA PUBL CO PI ARMONK PA 135 BEDFORD RD, PO BOX 418, ARMONK, NY 10504-0418 USA SN 1045-3873 J9 J CARDIOVASC ELECTR JI J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1338 EP 1348 DI 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1997.tb01030.x PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YM532 UT WOS:000071074200003 PM 9436771 ER PT J AU Linnville, SE Elliott, FS AF Linnville, SE Elliott, FS TI Mismatch negativity: An index of subclinical neurological differences in HIV patients during rapid perceptual processing SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SELECTIVE-ATTENTION; INFECTION; AIDS; PERFORMANCE; MACROPHAGE; IMPAIRMENT; DISEASE; COMPLEX; BRAIN AB Thirteen asymptomatic HIV-infected (HIV+) and 13 healthy control (HIV-) subjects were instructed to detect ''oddball'' target tones from among a sequence of nontarget tones delivered rapidly (3 tones/second) in one ear while ignoring a similar sequence delivered simultaneously in the opposite ear. Event-related potentials (EXPs) to all stimuli were recorded fr om midline scalp sites. Both groups produced EXP correlates, termed the ''mismatch negativity'' (MMN), to the oddball tones during delivery. However, the HIV+ group produced MMNs that differed in morphology from those of the HIV- group, suggesting that HIV may alter attentional perceptual processing. These results suggest that auditory ERPs elicited by rapid, dichotic stimulus presentations may be useful in monitoring subclinical effects of HIV-related neuropathology on perceptual processing. C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,COGNIT PERFORMANCE & PSYCHOPHYSIOL DEPT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WD688 UT WOS:A1997WD68800006 PM 9017528 ER PT J AU Mahapatra, R Chou, YT Pope, DP AF Mahapatra, R Chou, YT Pope, DP TI The anomalous flow behavior in single-phase Ti44Al56 single crystals - The effect of deformation history SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on High Temperature Intermetallics CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE deformation; flow stress; titanium aluminides ID GAMMA-TITANIUM ALUMINIDE; ALLOYS AB In this paper we present our studies of effect of deformation temperature on the anomalous flow behavior of [001] and [011] oriented Ti44Al56 single crystals grown in an ASGAL optical imaging floating zone crystal growth furnace. The specimens were compression tested at room temperature (RT), 973 and 1173 K and they displayed anomalous flow behavior. However, if the sample is deformed at high temperature, at about 973 K (below the peak temperature), and then retested at room temperature, the high temperature strength is retained, i.e. the flow stress is irreversible. But if the initial deformation at high temperature is performed at about 1173 K (above the peak temperature), and then deformed at room temperature the room temperature flow strength is observed, i.e. the flow stress is reversible. These results sue est that the reversibility of flow stress anomaly is determined by the deformation mechanism occurring at the elevated temperature. If the deformation mechanism at the two temperatures is the same, then the flow stress is irreversible, but if they are different, then it is reversible. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18105 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mahapatra, R (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18105 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 240 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00565-0 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YV834 UT WOS:000071868000012 ER PT J AU Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME AF Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME TI Guidelines for the selection of network architecture SO AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE approximations; approximators; neural networks ID FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS AB This paper is concerned with presenting guidelines to aide in the selection of the appropriate network architecture for back-propagation neural networks used as approximators. In particular, its goal is to indicate under what circumstances neural networks should have two hidden layers and under what circumstances they should have one hidden layer. Networks with one and with two hidden layers were used to approximate numerous test functions. Guidelines were developed from the results of these investigations. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,TAMPA,FL 33620. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0890-0604 J9 AI EDAM JI AI EDAM-Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 395 EP 408 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YJ083 UT WOS:A1997YJ08300003 ER PT J AU SimonArndt, CM Yuan, H Hourani, LL AF SimonArndt, CM Yuan, H Hourani, LL TI Aircraft type and diagnosed back disorders in US Navy pilots and aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AVIATION; PAIN AB Background: Back disorders have long been recognized as a serious problem within the military aviation community and a possible threat to mission accomplishment. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which the type of aircraft flown is associated with diagnosed back problems, and to examine differences in the prevalence of back disorders between pilots and aircrew. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in which U.S. Navy pilots and aircrew members with a diagnosed back disorder on their most recent physical exam between 1991 and 1993 were compared with pilots and aircrew without such diagnoses. Data were obtained from the automated physical examination records maintained by the Naval Operational Medicine Institute for ail Naval aviation personnel. Results: Results showed that aircrew members have a higher risk of diagnosed back problems than pilots for both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. The study revealed that flight engineers have a higher risk of diagnosed back problems than other aircrew members. Among pilots, no association was found between type of aircraft and diagnosed back problems. C1 USN, HLTH RES CTR, DEPT HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL, SAN DIEGO, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1012 EP 1018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YE737 UT WOS:A1997YE73700005 PM 9383501 ER PT J AU Jansen, DL Gray, GC Putnam, SD Lynn, F Meade, BD AF Jansen, DL Gray, GC Putnam, SD Lynn, F Meade, BD TI Evaluation of pertussis in US Marine Corps trainees SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; WHOOPING-COUGH; INFECTION; ADULTS; DIAGNOSIS; SEROLOGY; CULTURE; PCR AB One hundred twenty male U.S. Marine Corps trainees with histories of at least 7 days of cough underwent evaluation for Bordetella pertussis infection by culture, B. pertussis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and serology, Antibody levels in preexposure, acute-phase, and convalescent-phase serum samples were measured in a microagglutination assay and in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for IgG and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae types 2 and 3. Culture and PCR analysis revealed that none of the patients were positive for B. pertussis; however, 20 of 120 trainees had serological evidence of B. pertussis infection, Of these cases, one was confirmed by a rise in the level of antibody to pertussis toxin, and six were classified as probable by increases in levels of antibodies measured by two or more assays, Of the 20 individuals with serological evidence of infection, 16 had rises in levels of antibodies to fimbriae or agglutinating antibodies. The utility of ELISA for detecting antibodies to fimbriae and the microagglutination assay for diagnosing pertussis in adults should be evaluated by application to larger and more diverse study populations, These results indicate that pertussis should be considered in the diagnosis of coughing illness in military populations. C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED UNIT NO 5,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1107 DI 10.1086/516099 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG890 UT WOS:A1997YG89000028 PM 9402365 ER PT J AU Oldfield, EC Bone, WD Martin, CR Gray, GC Olson, P Schillaci, RF AF Oldfield, EC Bone, WD Martin, CR Gray, GC Olson, P Schillaci, RF TI Prediction of relapse after treatment of coccidioidomycosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE-TRANSFORMATION; DERMAL HYPERSENSITIVITY; KETOCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; THERAPY; CELLS AB Relapse after apparently successful treatment of coccidioidomycosis has been a problem with both amphotericin B and the azoles. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 34 patients who required therapy for coccidioidomycosis between 1973 and 1993; 10 relapsed and 25 (one patient received two courses of therapy) did not relapse during follow-up. The mean time to relapse after completion of therapy was 7.3 months (range, 1-21 months). All 34 patients responded clinically to therapy, A fourfold or greater decrease in titers of antibody, as determined by complement fixation (CF), during therapy was seen in seven (78%) of nine patients who relapsed and 17 (85%) of 20 patients who did not relapse (P = .956), There was no significant difference between relapsers and nonrelapsers in terms of the lowest CF titer during therapy, the CF titer at the end of therapy, or the peak CF titer. The risk of relapse was increased among those with a peak CF titer of greater than or equal to 1:256 (relative risk [RR] = 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-16.1), as compared with patients who did not mount such a high antibody response, Similarly, the risk of relapse was higher among those with serially negative coccidioidin skin tests (CSTs) than those with serially positive CSTs (RR = 4.8; 95% CI = 1.2-19.5). We conclude that clinical response, lowest CF titer, end-of-therapy CF titer, and decrease in the CF titer of at least fourfold are not predictive of relapse in patients with coccidioidomycosis. Negative serial coccidioidin skin tests and a peak CF antibody titer of greater than or equal to 1:256 are independently associated with increased risk of relapse. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV PULM MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1210 DI 10.1086/516115 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG890 UT WOS:A1997YG89000045 PM 9402382 ER PT J AU Lei, CSC Frazier, WE Lee, EW AF Lei, CSC Frazier, WE Lee, EW TI The effect of hot isostatic pressing on cast aluminum SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Aluminum-silicon alloys are the most important commercial aluminum casting alloys, primarily because of their superior casting characteristics. This article discusses the effect of hot isostatic pressing on the mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy A356. The effect of low-cost Densal hot-isostatic pressing is also examined. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, EW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Bldg 2188,M-S 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 49 IS 11 BP 38 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11837-997-0009-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 114QQ UT WOS:000075620700011 ER PT J AU Maas, WE Merwin, LH Cory, DG AF Maas, WE Merwin, LH Cory, DG TI Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of solid rocket propellants at 14.1 T SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NMR AB Proton NMR images of solid propellant materials, consisting of a polybutadiene binder material filled with 82% solid particles, have been obtained at a magnetic field strength of 14.1 T and at a resolution of 8.5 x 8.5 mu m. The images are the first of elastomeric materials obtained at a proton frequency of 600 MHz and have the highest spatial resolution yet reported, The images display a high contrast and are rich in information content, They reveal the distribution of individual filler particles in the polymer matrix as well as a thin polymer film of about 10-30 mu m which is found to surround some of the larger filler particles. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Bruker Analyt Syst Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, NW14 4111, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Maas, WE (reprint author), Bruker Analyt Syst Inc, 19 Fortune Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00995]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R0I-GM52026] NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 129 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1006/jmre.1997.1253 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA YN261 UT WOS:000071149200013 PM 9405222 ER PT J AU Moore, FG McInville, RM Housh, C AF Moore, FG McInville, RM Housh, C TI Methods for distributing semiempirical, nonlinear, aerodynamic loads on missile components SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB New methodology has been added to the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Aeroprediction code to permit the distribution of the local linear and nonlinear aerodynamic loads along the body length and over the wing and tail lifting surfaces, The new techniques extend to both the Phi = 0 and 45 deg roll positions and to both windward and leeward lifting surfaces in the 45-deg roll orientation. The local loads are integrated to get the distribution of the shear and bending moments for use in structural analysis and design. Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics computations for a wing-body-tail missile configuration were used in the development of these extensions of the code and in validating their effectiveness, In general, good agreement with total force and moment experimental data and the computational fluid dynamics results is obtained. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Weap Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Airframe Ordnance & Prop Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Aeromech Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Weap Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 34 IS 6 BP 744 EP 752 DI 10.2514/2.3305 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YQ067 UT WOS:000071344200008 ER PT J AU Cowan, DN Gray, GC DeFraites, RF AF Cowan, DN Gray, GC DeFraites, RF TI Birth defects among children of Persian Gulf War veterans - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. USA,OFF SURG GEN,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22041. RP Cowan, DN (reprint author), US DEPT DEF,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22041, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 16 BP 1176 EP 1176 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA912 UT WOS:A1997YA91200028 ER PT J AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD TI A new method of robust image compression based on the embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE coefficient partitioning; embedded bitstream; error resilience; image compression; low complexity; wavelets AB We propose here a wavelet-based image compression algorithm that achieves robustness to transmission errors by partitioning the transform coefficients into groups and independently processing each group using an embedded coder. Thus, a bit error in one group does not affect the others, allowing more uncorrupted information to reach the decoder. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 10 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1436 EP 1442 DI 10.1109/83.624967 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XX236 UT WOS:A1997XX23600009 PM 18282898 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI Optical limiting and switching of short pulses by use of a nonlinear photonic bandgap structure with a defect SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAP SOLITONS; WAVE-GUIDES AB An extension of the recently introduced nonlinear finite-difference time-domain technique [Opt. Lett. 21, 1138 (1996)] for the study of electromagnetic wave propagation in a non-linear Kerr medium to include absorption is presented. The optical limiting and switching of short pulses by use of a nonlinear quarter-wave reflector (a one-dimensional photonic bandgap structure) with a defect is studied. Comparison with an optical limiter and with an optical switch with a perfect nonlinear quarter-wave reflector shows that introducing a defect can improve the performance of these devices. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CODE 4B4000D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 14 TC 116 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 10 BP 2589 EP 2595 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.002589 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA YA003 UT WOS:A1997YA00300022 ER PT J AU Schwerin, MJ Sack, DM AF Schwerin, MJ Sack, DM TI Shipboard women's health care: Provider perceptions SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEX-DIFFERENCES AB Women have served aboard auxiliary U.S. Navy ships as integrated members of the shipboard work force since 1978, In 1994, women first started serving aboard combatant ships with the inclusion of women in the work force of the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D Eisenhower (CVN 69), The provision of the highest standard of medical care for both men and women is a priority at all levels in the U.S. Navy, This study assesses the perceptions of shipboard health care providers regarding their ability to provide adequate women's health care. This evaluation was performed by conducting a personal interview with the senior health care provider of each of 32 ships on which women are integrated members of the work force. Medical department representatives reported that most ships have training programs for birth control (90.6%), sexually transmitted diseases (96.9%), and the Navy pregnancy policy (84.4%), Health care providers also reported limitations in available supplies (i.e., contraceptives, pregnancy tests, and sexually transmitted disease tests). RP Schwerin, MJ (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 162 IS 10 BP 666 EP 670 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA883 UT WOS:A1997YA88300008 PM 9339078 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI Why quantum mechanics cannot be formulated as a Markov process - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Letter AB It is argued that the stochastic model of a quantum-mechanical two-state oscillator discussed in the preceding Comment by Hardy et al. [Phys. Rev. A 56, 3301 (1997)] does not constitute a valid classical stochastic process. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,COMPUTAT SCI BRANCH 4B4000D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 3304 EP 3306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3304 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YA780 UT WOS:A1997YA78000109 ER PT J AU Kelly, TL Kripke, DF Hayduk, R Ryman, D Pasche, B Barbault, A AF Kelly, TL Kripke, DF Hayduk, R Ryman, D Pasche, B Barbault, A TI Bright light and LEET effects on circadian rhythms, sleep and cognitive performance SO STRESS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bright light; LEET; circadian rhythm; sleep; cognitive performance; shift work; electromagnetics ID ENERGY EMISSION THERAPY; SHIFT-WORK; JET-LAG; NIGHT; EXPOSURE; PHASE; SCHEDULES; MELATONIN; ALERTNESS AB Shift work and jet lag can disrupt circadian rhythms, with detrimental effects on alertness, performance and sleep. This study examined the effects of two interventions to adapt circadian rhythms, sleep and performance to a 10-h phase delay of the work-rest cycle. Bright light was administered from 2200 to 0200 each night to promote phase delay of circadian rhythms. Low energy emission therapy (LEFT) was administered for 20 min prior to daytime sleep periods to promote sleep. Twelve subjects received bright light, 12 subjects received LEFT, 11 received both interventions and 10 control subjects received only placebo treatments. Bright light accelerated phase delay of the circadian melatonin rhythm after the work-rest schedule shift. Further, subjects who received bright light had greater total sleep time (TST) and improved sleep continuity. LEFT treatment produced a trend (p = 0.16) for increased TST, but LEET did not affect the melatonin circadian rhythm. After the schedule shift, cognitive performance measures showed few significant differences. Some minor improvements in cognitive performance were produced by light treatments but not by LEET. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. SCRIPPS FDN & RES INST,LA JOLLA,CA. SYMTON SA,RENENS,SWITZERLAND. RI Kripke, Daniel/A-2192-2012 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0748-8386 J9 STRESS MEDICINE JI Stress Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199710)13:4<251::AID-SMI750>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA YE006 UT WOS:A1997YE00600006 PM 11542396 ER PT J AU Araneta, MRG Moore, CA Olney, RS Edmonds, LD Karcher, JA McDonough, C Hiliopoulos, KM Schlangen, KM Gray, GC AF Araneta, MRG Moore, CA Olney, RS Edmonds, LD Karcher, JA McDonough, C Hiliopoulos, KM Schlangen, KM Gray, GC TI Goldenhar syndrome among infants born in military hospitals to Gulf War veterans SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULOAURICULOVERTEBRAL SPECTRUM; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PERSIAN-GULF; PATERNAL AGE; MANIFESTATIONS; COMPLEX; HEALTH AB Reports in the popular press described the occurrence of Goldenhar syndrome among children of Persian Gulf War veterans (GWVs). The objective of this investigation was to compare the birth prevalence of Goldenhar syndrome among infants born in military hospitals to GWVs and to military personnel who were not deployed to the Gulf War (NDVs). Computerized hospital discharge data were reviewed for infants conceived after the war and born prior to the 1st of October, 1993, in medical treatment facilities (MTFs) operated by the U.S. Department of Defense. Medical records were evaluated for infants diagnosed at birth with at least one abnormality that might be related to Goldenhar syndrome. Two pediatricians, blinded to the parental Gulf War status of each infant, reviewed records. An estimated 75,414 infants were conceived after the Gulf War and born in MTFs during the study period (34,069 GWV infants and 41,345 NDV infants). Seven infants fulfilled the case criteria (five GWV infants and two NDV infants). All infants had fathers who served in the military at the time of their conception and birth. The birth prevalence was 14.7 per 100,000 live births among GWV infants (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 5.4-36.4) and 4.8 per 100,000 live births (95% Cl: 0.8-19.5) among NDV infants (relative risk: 3.03; 95% Cl: 0.63-20.57; P values: [2-tailed] = 0.26, [1-tailed] = 0.16). The few affected cases and the broad confidence intervals surrounding the relative risk require that these results be interpreted with caution and do not exclude chance as an explanation for these findings. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Araneta, MRG (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 46 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199710)56:4<244::AID-TERA3>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA YK106 UT WOS:A1997YK10600003 PM 9408975 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Jung, TP Bell, AJ Ghahremani, D Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Jung, TP Bell, AJ Ghahremani, D Sejnowski, TJ TI Blind separation of auditory event-related brain responses into independent components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEARNING ALGORITHM; POTENTIALS; INFORMATION; SCALP; EEG; FLUCTUATIONS; COHERENCE; HUMANS; SOUND; STATE AB Averaged event-related potential (ERR) data recorded from the human scalp reveal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity that is reliably time-locked and phase-locked to experimental events, We report here the application of a method based on information theory that decomposes one or more ERPs recorded at multiple scalp sensors into a sum of components with fixed scalp distributions and sparsely activated, maximally independent time courses, Independent component analysis (ICA) decomposes ERP data into a number of components equal to the number of sensors, The derived components have distinct but not necessarily orthogonal scalp projections, Unlike dipole-fitting methods, the algorithm does not model the locations of their generators in the head, Unlike methods that remove second-order correlations, such as principal component analysis (PCA), ICA also minimizes higher-order dependencies, Applied to detected-and undetected-target ERPs from an auditory vigilance experiment, the algorithm derived ten components that decomposed each of the major response peaks into one or more ICA components with relatively simple scalp distributions, Three of these components were active only when the subject detected the targets, three other components only when the target went undetected, and one in both cases, Three additional components accounted for the steady-state brain response to a 39-Hz background click train, Major features of the decomposition proved robust across sessions and changes in sensor number and placement, This method of ERP analysis can be used to compare responses from multiple stimuli, task conditions, and subject states. C1 SALK INST,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,COMPUTAT NEUROBIOL LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 36 TC 632 Z9 644 U1 3 U2 43 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 20 BP 10979 EP 10984 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10979 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XY998 UT WOS:A1997XY99800089 PM 9380745 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Meyer, GA AF Seltzer, MD Meyer, GA TI Inductively coupled argon plasma continuous emissions monitor for hazardous air pollutant metals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The design and operation of instrumentation capable of continuous, real-time detection and monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metals in the effluent of boilers, incinerators, and furnaces is reported. A commercially available inductively coupled argon plasma spectrometer, modified for introduction of sample air, provides sensitivity for several metals comparable to that of EPA-approved manual methods, with a measurement frequency of 30-60 measurements/h. Achievable detection limits for the present list of hazardous air pollutant metals range from 0.1 to 20 mu g/dry standard cubic meter; a capability unmatched by competing CEM technologies. To ensure that a representative sample is obtained at all times, air is isokinetically extracted from a stack or duct by an automated system. An innovative sampling interface combines continuous sample extraction at the relatively high and often variable flow rates required for isokinetic conditions with periodic introduction of aliquots of sample air and reference air at the constant and low flow rates required for injection into the argon plasma. C1 THERMO JARRELL ASH CORP,FRANKLIN,MA 02038. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CODE 4B2300D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2665 EP 2672 DI 10.1021/es970084k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XU118 UT WOS:A1997XU11800059 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE AF Brodine, SK Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE TI Genotypic variation and molecular epidemiology of HIV SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); epidemiology; diagnosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; GROUP-O INFECTIONS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SUBTYPE-A; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL GENOTYPE; AFRICAN ORIGIN; INDIA REVEALS AB Genetic variability is a central feature of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). Both are subclassified into distinct genetic subtypes with varied geographic distributions. The most pronounced impact of HIV genetic diversity has been in the areas of diagnostic testing, vaccine development, and molecular epidemiology. Findings of negative or nondiagnostic HIV tests with divergent strains have prompted efforts to broaden the reactivity of screening assays. Improved understanding of the impact of genetic diversity on the biologic and immunologic properties of HIV will contribute to more effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), USN,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 14 IS 9 BP 739 EP 748 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA XW569 UT WOS:A1997XW56900013 ER PT J AU Oakley, TR Loth, E Adrian, RJ AF Oakley, TR Loth, E Adrian, RJ TI A two-phase cinematic PIV method for bubbly flows SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; PULSED SYSTEMS; SHEAR-LAYER; OPTIMIZATION; DYNAMICS AB A cinematic particle image velocimeter (PIV) for measurement of time varying fields in two-phase flow is described. This system has the capability to track detailed characteristics of individual bubbles moving through a turbulent flow field, e.g., size, shape, velocity, and acceleration, and simultaneously to measure the instantaneous fluid velocity field on a two-dimensional plane. The system employs an argon-ion laser, a rotating polygonal mirror and a single 35 mm movie camera. Two features of this technique are the ability to capture bubble trajectories for long periods of time and the use of bubble images which appear as two fine point images for each instant, from which centroid and diameter can be deduced. The instrument is evaluated in an experiment on the dispersion of nominally 3.5 mm diameter bubbles from a point source in a two stream, turbulent, planar free-shear layer. Characteristics of the fluid field and the bubble motion are described. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT THEORET & APPL MECH,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Oakley, TR (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,MCDONNELL DOUGLAS CORP,FLIGHT TEST,22098 JAMES RD,HANGAR 2133,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. RI Loth, Eric/C-5805-2008 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1115/1.2819302 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YA270 UT WOS:A1997YA27000033 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Duffy, LB Paver, RJ Putnam, SD Reynolds, RJ Cassell, GH AF Gray, GC Duffy, LB Paver, RJ Putnam, SD Reynolds, RJ Cassell, GH TI Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A frequent cause of pneumonia among US marines in Southern California SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 03-07, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES INFECTION; PROPHYLAXIS; DIAGNOSIS; CORPS; RECRUITS; ANTIGEN; NAVY AB From August 1993 through April 1994, U.S. Marines (98% male, median age 20 years) who were hospitalized with radiographically confirmed pneumonia were prospectively studied for evidence of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Overall, 32 (36.4%) of the 88 patients with paired sera had evidence of acute infection by an elevated immunoglobulin M titer (22.7%), a 4-fold rise in immunoglobulin G titer (9.1%), a positive polymerase chain reaction result (11.1%), and/or a positive culture (5.8%). No specific symptoms or clinical findings were strong predictors of M. pneumoniae infection. Among patients with evidence of acute M. pneumoniae infection, admitting clinicians chose other pathogens as more likely etiologic agents 46.4% of the time, and over the course of the hospitalization, 10% of patients failed to receive appropriate antibiotics. These data indicate that M. pneumoniae may cause a high proportion of pneumonias among military personnel and should be considered in empiric treatment and prophylaxis. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 162 IS 8 BP 524 EP 526 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR495 UT WOS:A1997XR49500008 PM 9271902 ER PT J AU Singh, RNP Bailey, WH AF Singh, RNP Bailey, WH TI Fuzzy logic applications to multisensor-multitarget correlation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS; APPROXIMATE AB A consistent tactical picture requires data fusion technology to combine and propagate information received from diverse objects and usually vague situations. The information may be contained in two types of data; numerical data received from sensor measurements, and linguistic data obtained from human operators and domain experts. In real world situations, the numerical data may be noisy, inconsistent, and incomplete, and the linguistic information is imprecise and vague. To deal with these two types of data simultaneously, fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic provide a methodology to obtain an approximate but consistent tactical picture in a timely manner for very complex or ill-defined engineering problems. A functional paradigm for fuzzy data fusion is presented. It consists of four basic elements: 1) fuzzification of crisp elements, 2) fuzzy knowledge base derived from numerical input/output relations and humans, 3) fuzzy inference mechanism based on a class of fuzzy logic; 4) defuzzification of fuzzy outputs into crisp outputs for use by a plant. For real-time practical systems, the on-line determination of a fuzzy membership function from a given set of crisp inputs is vital. To this end, a methodology for estimating an optimal membership function from crisp input data has been implemented. This is based on the possibility/probability consistency principle as proposed by L. A. Zadeh. A relationship between the fuzzy membership function and the confidence level of statistical input data has been developed and it serves as a design parameter for fuzzification. This technique has been applied to a two-dimensional multisensor-multitarget tracking system. Fuzzy system performance evaluations have been presented. With simulated data in the laboratory environment, the simulation has been performed to evaluate the Mission Avionics Sensor Synergism (MASS) Systems. These results show better performance for the data correlation function using the fuzzy logic techniques. RP Singh, RNP (reprint author), NAVAL AIR WARFARE CTR,AIRCRAFT DIV,MAIL STOP 2,BLDG 2185,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 752 EP 769 DI 10.1109/7.599237 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XH348 UT WOS:A1997XH34800002 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI Calculation of the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a two-dimensional perfectly conducting surface using the method of ordered multiple interaction SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article ID ROUGH SURFACES; RANDOMLY ROUGH AB Calculations, using the method of ordered multiple interaction (MOMI), of the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a two-dimensional, randomly rough, perfectly conducting surface with a ratio of RMS height sigma to correlation length a of 1.0 or smaller are presented which demonstrate the robustness of the method. Convergence is achieved in six iterations or less. Some surfaces with sigma = a = 1.0 lambda and certain topological features exhibited slow convergence. The MOMI inherently will show slow convergence when there are multiple back and forth scatterings. Since resonant scattering is characterized by this type of scattering, this suggests the presence of surface resonances on these surfaces. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CODE 4B4000D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD JUL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/7/3/004 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM147 UT WOS:A1997XM14700003 ER PT J AU Elson, JM AF Elson, JM TI Characteristics of far-field scattering by means of surface roughness and variations in subsurface permittivity SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MULTILAYERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BULK SCATTERING AB Using a first-order vector perturbation theory, we calculate some scattering characteristics of surfaces which have both surface roughness and subsurface permittivity variations. These variations are treated as random variables where the roughness yields phase perturbations and the permittivity variations yield reflectance perturbations. Numerical results are given for both types of scattering. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,COMPUTAT SCI BRANCH,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD JUL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 303 EP 317 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/7/3/005 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM147 UT WOS:A1997XM14700004 ER PT J AU Cowan, DN DeFraites, RF Gray, GC Goldenbaum, MB Wishik, SM AF Cowan, DN DeFraites, RF Gray, GC Goldenbaum, MB Wishik, SM TI The risk of birth defects among children of Persian Gulf War veterans SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS AB Background There has been suspicion that service in the Persian Gulf War affected the health of veterans adversely, and there have been claims of an increased rate of birth defects among the children of those veterans. Methods We evaluated the routinely collected data on all live births at 135 military hospitals in 1991, 1992, and 1993. The data base included up to eight diagnoses from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) for each birth hospitalization, plus information on the demographic characteristics and service history of the parents. The records of over 75,000 newborns were evaluated for any birth defect (ICD-9-CM codes 740 to 759, plus neoplasms and hereditary diseases) and for birth defects defined as severe on the basis of the specific diagnoses and the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results During the study period, 33,998 infants were born to Gulf War veterans and 41,463 to nondeployed veterans at military hospitals. The overall risk of any birth defect was 7.45 percent, and the risk of severe birth defects was 1.85 percent. These rates are similar to those reported in civilian populations. In the multivariate analysis, there was no significant association for either men or women between service in the Gulf War and the risk of any birth defect or of severe birth defects in their children. Conclusions This analysis found no evidence of an increase in the risk of birth defects among the children of Gulf War veterans. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. US DEPT DEF,DEPLOYMENT SURVEILLANCE TEAM,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Cowan, DN (reprint author), SRA TECHNOL INC,8110 GATEHOUSE RD,SUITE 600W,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22042, USA. NR 17 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 5 PY 1997 VL 336 IS 23 BP 1650 EP 1656 DI 10.1056/NEJM199706053362306 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XC086 UT WOS:A1997XC08600006 PM 9171068 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Zandi, B Seltzer, MD AF Gruber, JB Zandi, B Seltzer, MD TI Spectra and energy levels of trivalent holmium in strontium fluorapatite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET AB Polarized absorption and fluorescence spectra are reported for Ho3+ (4f(10)) ions incorporated into single crystals of strontium fluorapatite, Sr-5(PO4)(3)F, also known as SFAP. Site-selective excitation experiments indicate that, to within instrumental resolution, the Ho3+ ions occupy similar lattice sites having C-s symmetry. Spectra were obtained between 1940 and 400 nm at temperatures from 4 K to room temperature on crystals having the hexagonal structure [P6(3)/m(C-6h(2))]. Individual energy (Stark) levels for the fourteen lowest-energy multiplet manifolds of Ho3+ (4f(10)) were analyzed in detail. These manifolds include the I-5(8) (ground state), the remaining I-5(J) manifolds, F-5(J), S-5(2), K-3(8)(2), (5)G(6), and the (3)G(5)(2) manifolds. A Hamiltonian consisting of Coulombic, spin-orbit, and crystal-field terms was diagonalized over these manifolds in an LSJM(J) bas;is set, which includes 146 crystal-quantum states, labeled either Gamma(1) or Gamma(2), appropriate to the crystal-field symmetry of C-s. By varying the crystal-field parameters, B-nm, and the centroid for each manifold, we obtained agreement between 101 experimental and calculated Stark levels with a rms deviation of 9 cm(-1). An additional 15 Stark levels, not included in the original analyses, are predicted to within the rms deviation. The predicted symmetry label of each Stark level agrees with the experimental assignment based on the analysis of the polarized spectra. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA,RES LAB,SENSORS & ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE,ADELPHI,MD 20783. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV WEAPONS,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SAN JOSE,CA 95192, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 11 BP 7506 EP 7513 DI 10.1063/1.365292 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XC348 UT WOS:A1997XC34800058 ER PT J AU Fisher, WG Meyer, KE Wachter, EA Perl, DR Kulowitch, PJ AF Fisher, WG Meyer, KE Wachter, EA Perl, DR Kulowitch, PJ TI Laser induced fluorescence imaging of thermal damage in polymer matrix composites SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB A simple, fluorescence based imaging system has been developed that is capable of identifying regions of thermal damage in polymer matrix composites (PMCs). These materials are playing an increasingly important role in the production of high performance vehicles and air-craft, where their low weight and high mechanical strength, combined with advancements in manufacturing technology ensure increased use for a variety of applications. Of particular concern in the aerospace industry is the tendency of some PMC materials to become irreversibly damaged when exposed to elevated temperatures. Traditional nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are capable of defecting physical anomalies such as cracks and delaminations but cannot detect initial heat damage, which occurs on a molecular scale. Spectroscopic techniques such as laser induced fluorescence provide an attractive means for detecting this type of damage and are amenable to imaging large, irregularly shaped surfaces. In this report we describe instrumentation capable of rapidly detecting thermal damage in graphite epoxy components and suggest improvements which will enable this technology to make quantitative judgments concerning the mechanical strength properties of heat damaged specimens. C1 USN,NAVAL AVIAT DEPOT,NAS N ISL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92135. USN,NAVAL AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670. RP Fisher, WG (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 6 BP 726 EP 729 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA XC539 UT WOS:A1997XC53900026 ER PT J AU Thompson, WT Burk, SD Rosenthal, J AF Thompson, WT Burk, SD Rosenthal, J TI An investigation of the Catalina eddy SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MODEL; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; LAYERS AB The Catalina eddy event of 21 July 1992 is simulated using a mesoscale data assimilation system featuring an optimum interpolation analysis, incremental update, and second-order closure physics. The results are contrasted with other recent modeling studies of the Catalina eddy. Genesis of the eddy occurs when changes on the synoptic scale lead to an intensification of the east-west pressure gradient near the coast, resulting in enhanced northwesterly flow along the coast and over the mountains east of Point Conception. Lee troughing results in an alongshore pressure gradient at the coast with higher pressure to the south. Topographically trapped, ageostrophic southerly flow is then initiated. The combination of southerly flow along the coast with strong northwesterly flow to the west results in formation of a cyclonic eddy in the bight. The zone of southerly flow is. characterized by a deep, cool, cloud-topped boundary layer that can considerably alter coastal weather and impact activities involved with aviation, air quality, fire weather, and microwave refractivity. While other recent modeling studies have failed to properly represent boundary layer structure, the data assimilation system used in the present study reproduces these features. Results show that the model forecast eddy is in relatively good agreement with surface wind observations. The data assimilation system, which consists of the analysis-initialization scheme and the forecast model, retains much of the mesoscale structure of the forecast, while adjusting the position of the eddy to better fit the observations. Within the zone of southerly flow, rapid deepening of the boundary layer is accompanied by the formation of stratus clouds. Through the use of sensitivity studies, the authors demonstrate that the deepening of the boundary layer results from convergence and upward motion forced by the topographic barrier along the coast and that the interaction between clouds and radiation plays a significant role. C1 USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, WEAPONS DIV, GEOPHYS BRANCH, POINT MUGU NAWC, CA USA. RP USN, RES LAB, MARINE METEOROL DIV, 7 GRACE HOPPER AVE, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1135 EP 1146 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1135:AIOTCE>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XD651 UT WOS:A1997XD65100007 ER PT J AU Axenrod, T Das, KK Yazdekhasti, H AF Axenrod, T Das, KK Yazdekhasti, H TI An efficient synthesis of 3-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-1-propene SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHYLENEMETHANE; POLYAMINES C1 GEOCENTERS INC,ARDEC,LAKE HOPATCONG,NJ 07849. NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,ENERGET MAT RES & TECHNOL DEPT,INDIAN HEAD,MD 20640. RP Axenrod, T (reprint author), CUNY CITY COLL,DEPT CHEM,NEW YORK,NY 10031, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WW621 UT WOS:A1997WW62100017 ER PT J AU Spikes, CH Erskine, FT McEachern, JF Backes, DA AF Spikes, CH Erskine, FT McEachern, JF Backes, DA TI Littoral warfare technology testing SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD. RP Spikes, CH (reprint author), MARINE ACOUST INC,ARLINGTON,VA, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 71 EP & PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA XG284 UT WOS:A1997XG28400014 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Wright, AO Seltzer, MD Zandi, B Merkle, LD Hutchinson, JA Morrison, CA Allik, TH Chai, BHT AF Gruber, JB Wright, AO Seltzer, MD Zandi, B Merkle, LD Hutchinson, JA Morrison, CA Allik, TH Chai, BHT TI Site-selective excitation and polarized absorption and emission spectra of trivalent thulium and erbium in strontium fluorapatite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVELS; LASER; FLUOROPHOSPHATE; CRYSTALS AB Polarized fluorescence spectra produced by site-selective excitation, and conventional polarized absorption spectra were obtained for Tm3+ and Er3+ ions individually incorporated into single crystals of strontium fluorapatite, Sr-5(PO4)(3)F, also known as SFAP. Substitution of the trivalent rare earth ion for divalent strontium was achieved by passive charge compensation during Czochralski growth of the fluorapatite crystals. Spectra were obtained between 1780 and 345 nm at temperatures from 4 K to room temperature on crystals having the hexagonal structure [P6(3)/m(C-6h(2))]. The polarized fluorescence spectra due to transitions from multiplet manifolds of Tm3+(4f(12)), including D-1(2), (1)G(4), and H-3(4) to manifolds H-3(6) (the ground-state manifold), F-3(4), H-3(5), H-3(4), and F-3(3) were analyzed for the details of the crystal-field splitting of the manifolds. Fluorescence Lifetimes were measured for Tm3+ transitions from D-1(2), (1)G(4), and H-3(4) at room temperature and from (1)G(4) at 16 K. Results of the analysis indicate that the majority of Tm3+ ions occupy sites having C-s symmetry. A point-charge lattice-sum calculation was made in which the crystal-field components, A(nm), were determined assuming that trivalent thulium replaces divalent strontium in the metal site having C-s symmetry. Results support the conclusion that the nearest-neighbor fluoride (F-) is replaced by divalent oxygen (O2-), thus preserving overall charge neutrality and local symmetry. Crystal-field splitting calculations predict energy levels in agreement with results obtained from an analysis of the experimental data. By varying the crystal-field parameters, B-nm, we obtained a rms difference of 7 cm(-1) between 43 calculated and experimental Stark levels for Tm3+(4f(12)) in Tm:SFAP. Absorption and fluorescence spectra are also reported for Er3+ ions in Er:SFAP. Measurement of the temporal decay of the room temperature fluorescence from the I-4(11/2) and I-4(13/2) manifolds yielded fluorescence lifetimes of 230+/-20 mu s and 8.9+/-0.1 ms, respectively. The experimental Stark levels obtained from an analysis of the spectroscopic data were compared with a crystal-field splitting calculation. The initial set of B-nm parameters for Er3+(4f(11)) was established from the three-parameter theory and the final set of B-nm parameters obtained for Tm3+(4f(12)) in Tm:SFAP. The best overall agreement between calculated and experimental Stark levels is 8 cm(-1) for 48 Stark levels, representing 12 observed multiplet manifolds of Er3+(4f(11)) in Er:SFAP. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,RES & TECHNOL DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. USA,RES LAB,IR OPT TECHNOL OFC,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060. USA,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060. USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22102. UNIV CENT FLORIDA,CTR RES ELECTROOPT & LASERS,ORLANDO,FL 32836. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SAN JOSE,CA 95192, USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 10 BP 6585 EP 6598 DI 10.1063/1.365197 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WZ575 UT WOS:A1997WZ57500005 ER PT J AU Kelly, TL Mitler, MM Bonnet, MH AF Kelly, TL Mitler, MM Bonnet, MH TI Sleep latency measures of caffeine effects during sleep deprivation SO ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sleep latency; maintenance of wakefulness test; sleep deprivation; stimulants; caffeine ID PROPHYLACTIC NAPS; WAKEFULNESS TEST; PERFORMANCE; MAINTENANCE; NARCOLEPSY; ALERTNESS; DISORDERS; EFFICACY; ABILITY; NIGHT AB Studies of stimulants during sleep deprivation have used performance assessment batteries (PABs) and occasionally the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) as measures. Another type of sleep latency test, the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), assesses ability to remain awake without assistance, rather than ability to go to sleep. The MWT previously has not been used in studies of stimulants during sleep deprivation. This study of caffeine during 64 h without sleep included a PAB, the MSLT, and a single MWT trial per day. The PAB and the MSLT were sensitive to caffeine effects during the first 24 h without sleep. The MWT demonstrated that caffeine improved ability to remain awake even after 2 nights of sleep deprivation. Ability to go to sleep and ability to stay awake during sleep deprivation appear to be affected differently by caffeine. PAB testing may fail to detect this stimulant effect because technicians prevent subjects from nodding off during PAB testing, an external support not available to subjects during the MWT and also not available in many real-world work environments. The MWT was more Sensitive to stimulant amelioration of sleep-deprivation effects. The findings need to be validated with MWTs at other times of day and with other stimulants. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 SCRIPPS CLIN,SAN DIEGO,CA. DAYTON DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DAYTON,OH. RP Kelly, TL (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0013-4694 J9 ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO JI Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 102 IS 5 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0921-884X(97)96135-X PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Clinical Neurology SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XF446 UT WOS:A1997XF44600003 PM 9191583 ER PT J AU Gritzo, LA Tieszen, SR Murray, D AF Gritzo, LA Tieszen, SR Murray, D TI Flame structure of large, hydrocarbon-fueled pool fires SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition - Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME CY NOV 17-22, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA. RP Gritzo, LA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 1997 VL 119 IS 2 BP 209 EP 209 DI 10.1115/1.2824210 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA XB119 UT WOS:A1997XB11900011 ER PT J AU Overfelt, PL AF Overfelt, PL TI Generation of a Bessel-Gauss pulse from a moving disk source distribution SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SCALAR WAVE-EQUATION; BEAMS; MODES AB Assuming a moving disk source distribution, the Riemann method and Gegenbauer's addition theorem in a mixed coordinate-space-phase-space formulation have been used to derive a zeroth-order Bessel-Gauss pulse solution to the inhomogeneous wave equation. In the region where tau(2) greater than or similar to rho(eff)(2) + z(2), the total solution can be separated into a wave that attenuates quickly and a Bessel-Gauss pulse that exists only after a certain time and continues for long times. In the region where z(2) less than or equal to tau(2) less than or similar to rho(eff)(2) + z(2), only a short-time solution exists. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Overfelt, PL (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,PHYS BRANCH,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.14.001087 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA WV712 UT WOS:A1997WV71200015 ER PT J AU Sikora, J Grassman, JM Sensharma, P Watts, J AF Sikora, J Grassman, JM Sensharma, P Watts, J TI Advanced double hull structural design technology SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Naval-Engineers Day 1997 CY MAR 18, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Naval Engineers AB The Mid-Term Sealift Ship Technology Development Program is a multiyear research and development effort to examine promising technologies for application to construction of sealift ships. One of the goals of this program is to enhance the competitiveness of U.S. shipbuilders by investigating a new method of hull construction that would be easier and cheaper to build and preoutfit. The concept consists of a long-spanned, unidirectionally-stiffened structural system where the main structural elements are arranged longitudinally This technology is referred to as advanced double hull (ADH). This paper describes the second year of study in which a new design criterion was applied. This criterion was based upon the results of structural testing and analysis conducted by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) to determine the ultimate strength of cellular structure. A full ship finite element model was developed to help validate the structural criteria. RP Sikora, J (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 109 IS 3 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XP467 UT WOS:A1997XP46700010 ER PT J AU Fung, SC AF Fung, SC TI US high speed destroyers, 1919-1942: Hull proportions - Comment SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Fung, SC (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 109 IS 3 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XP467 UT WOS:A1997XP46700018 ER PT J AU Ricketts, JB Hundley, LL AF Ricketts, JB Hundley, LL TI Naval ship self-assessment of hull powering performance using propulsion shaft torsionmeters and GPS SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Naval-Engineers Day 1997 CY MAR 18, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Naval Engineers AB A prototype procedure for U.S. Navy crews to self-assess hull powering performance is being tested on selected Atlantic Fleet CG 47 class cruisers. This paper describes both the logic and methodology for ship's force to perform a self-assessment of hull power ing performance using propulsion shaft torque data obtained from installed torsionmeters, shaft speed data from ship equipment, and ship speed measurements obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS). The prototype procedure described will provide crews with accurate knowledge of ship powering characteristics at any given time and will be minimally intrusive on ship routine. Periodic speed/power measurements will enable a ship's crew to forecast the appropriate time for hull maintenance in order to achieve the goal of minimizing fuel consumption. This will result in a reduced reliance on the subjective determination of the hull condition, and will allow the Navy to better understand hull performance trends. Technology advances have allowed this prototype hull powering assessment to be developed, and the Navy can now depart from its historically limited analysis of overall warship powering performance conducted during the life cycle of a ship. The initial clean-hull speed/power trial can today be augmented with powering data taken throughout the ship's life by the crew. This procedure will allow an accurate quantitative study of the real effects of hull and propeller fouling to be performed. C1 NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,RESISTANCE & POWERING DEPT,CARDEROCK DIV,SILVER SPRING,MD. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 109 IS 3 BP 181 EP 192 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XP467 UT WOS:A1997XP46700020 ER PT J AU Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A AF Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A TI Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Naval-Engineers Day 1997 CY MAR 18, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Naval Engineers AB In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with technological opportunity) is described broadly in the main body of the paper with the details provided in an Appendix. Finally, three specific examples from the methods used to pick ''best'' choices from multiple surface, air and underseas contenders are presented as illustrations of programs able to obtain recent SHARP sponsorship. RP Grubb, MJ (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,SHARP PROGRAM,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 109 IS 3 BP 205 EP 220 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XP467 UT WOS:A1997XP46700028 ER PT J AU Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Miles, MH AF Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Miles, MH TI Corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloys coated with poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-alkylamino) phenylene vinylenes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 354 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703670 ER PT J AU Nazeri, A Myers, S AF Nazeri, A Myers, S TI Microstructural control of organic-inorganic hybrids through processing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,ENVIRONM EFFECTS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 379 EP COLL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18502619 ER PT J AU Altmann, KL Merwin, LH AF Altmann, KL Merwin, LH TI Solid state C-13 NMR investigations of perfluorooctyl acrylate methyl acrylate copolymers blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. USN COMMAND,CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RTD & E DIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 410 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703147 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ Hollins, RA Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Nadler, M Chafin, AP AF Roberts, MJ Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ Hollins, RA Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Nadler, M Chafin, AP TI Nonlinear optical films from pairwise-deposited semi-ionomeric syndioregic polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 553 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703289 ER PT J AU Bennett, JM Namba, Y Guerra, JM Jahanmir, J Balter, TL Podlesny, JC AF Bennett, JM Namba, Y Guerra, JM Jahanmir, J Balter, TL Podlesny, JC TI Topographic measurements of precision-ground optical glasses SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE precision-ground glass; scanning force microscope; photon tunneling microscope; surface profiles ID PHOTON TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SURFACES AB We studied the surfaces of six precision-ground optical glass samples of fused silica, BK-7, BaCD16, LaC14, NbF1, and LHG8 glass, using a mechanical profiler, a photon tunneling microscope, and a scanning force microscope. The measured roughnesses of the scanning force microscope varied from 3.5 Angstrom rms for BK-7 glass to 30 Angstrom rms for LHG8 laser glass. Good agreement was obtained among the roughness values measured with all three instruments. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 CHUBU UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,KASUGAI,AICHI 487,JAPAN. POLAROID CORP,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. WYKO CORP,TUCSON,AZ 85706. RP Bennett, JM (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,MICHELSON LAB,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2211 EP 2216 DI 10.1364/AO.36.002211 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA WQ039 UT WOS:A1997WQ03900029 PM 18253195 ER PT J AU Hartmann, B Lee, GF Lee, JD Fedderly, JJ AF Hartmann, B Lee, GF Lee, JD Fedderly, JJ TI Sound absorption height and width limits for polymer relaxations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An analysis was performed to relate the height and width of the peak in shear sound absorption per wavelength as a function of frequency for the glass transition of a polymer. For the single relaxation time model, the width is 1.14 decades only at small values of the ratio of relaxed to unrelaxed sound speed. For the larger values of sound-speed ratio observed in polymer glass transitions, the width increases as the height increases. For the Havriliak-Negami model, the width increases as the height decreases in a manner similar to that for the complex modulus, though in this case there is a cutoff below the absolute maximum. The curve can be described by the relation that height times width is 1.5 decades of frequency. These predictions are in good agreement with experimental data for 21 polyurethanes. RP Hartmann, B (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,POLYMER SCI GRP,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 1997 VL 101 IS 4 BP 2008 EP 2011 DI 10.1121/1.418134 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA WV173 UT WOS:A1997WV17300024 ER PT J AU Schallhorn, SC Blanton, CL Kaupp, SE Reid, J Ginsburg, AP Sutphin, JS Pangilinan, RT McDonnell, PJ AF Schallhorn, SC Blanton, CL Kaupp, SE Reid, J Ginsburg, AP Sutphin, JS Pangilinan, RT McDonnell, PJ TI Night driving simulation as a functional test of visual performance after photorefractive keratectomy SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NAVAL MED CTR, SAN DIEGO, CA 90033 USA. INLAND EYE INST, COLTON, CA USA. NAVAL HLTH RES CTR, SAN DIEGO, CA USA. VIS SCI RES CORP, SAN RAMON, CA USA. UNIV IOWA, IOWA CITY, IA USA. DOHENY EYE INST, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 2459 EP 2459 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18602451 ER PT J AU Tanzer, DJ Sutphin, JE Schallhorn, SC Elizondo, DE Kaupp, SE Reid, JL AF Tanzer, DJ Sutphin, JE Schallhorn, SC Elizondo, DE Kaupp, SE Reid, JL TI A comparison between the tandem scanning confocal microscope and corneal topography in the detection of photorefractive keratectomy SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 3948 EP 3948 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21500772 ER PT J AU Chafin, A Lindsay, G Merwin, L Ostrom, G StengerSmith, J AF Chafin, A Lindsay, G Merwin, L Ostrom, G StengerSmith, J TI Surprising isomer effect in Knoevenagel condensations: Ortho isomer yields polymer and meta isomer yields cyclomer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR OPTICS; MAIN-CHAIN RP Chafin, A (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,CHEM & MAT BRANCH,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 10 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1515 EP 1517 DI 10.1021/ma951530w PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA WM687 UT WOS:A1997WM68700035 ER PT J AU Wegner, DM AF Wegner, DM TI Maritime technology from the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam: Multimedia catalogue of the Dutch Navy model collection - Lemmers,A SO AMERICAN NEPTUNE LA English DT Book Review RP Wegner, DM (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,BETHESDA,MD, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEABODY MUSEUM PI SALEM PA E INDIA MARINE HALL, SALEM, MA 01970 SN 0003-0155 J9 AM NEPTUNE JI Am. Neptune PD SPR PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XP052 UT WOS:A1997XP05200010 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI Markovian modeling of classical thermal noise in two inductively coupled wire loops SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Continuous Markov process theory is used to model classical thermal noise in two wire loops of resistances R(1) and R(2), Self-inductances L(1) and L(2), and absolute temperature T, which are coupled through their mutual inductance M. It is shown that even though the currents I-1(t) and I-2(t) in the two loops become progressively noisier as M increases from 0 toward its upper bound (L(1)L(2))(1/2), the fluctuation-dissipation, Nyquist, and conductance formulas all remain unchanged. But changes do occur in the spectral density functions of the currents lilt). Exact formulas for those functions are developed, and two special cases are examined in detail. (i) In the identical loop case (R(1) = R(2) = R and L(1) = L(2) = L), the M = 0 ''knee'' at frequency R/2 pi L in the spectral density function of I-i(t), below which that function has slope 0 and above which it has slope -2, is found to split when M > 0 into two knees at frequencies R/[2 pi(L +/- M)]. The noise remains white, but surprisingly slightly suppressed, at frequencies below R/[2 pi(L + M)], and it remains 1/f(2) at frequencies above R/[2 pi(L - M)]. In between the two knee frequencies a rough ''1/f-type'' noise behavior is exhibited. The sum and difference currents I +/- (t) = I-1(t) +/- I-2(t) are found to behave like thermal currents in two uncoupled loops with resistances R, self-inductances (L +/- M), and temperatures 2T. In the limit M --> L, I+(t) approaches the thermal current in a loop of resistance 1/2R and self-inductance L at temperature T, while I_(t) approaches (4kT/R)(1/2) times Gaussian white noise. (ii) In the weakly coupled highly dissimilar loop case (R(1) much less than R(2), L(1) = L(2) = L, and M much less than L), I-2(t) is found, to a first approximation, not to be affected by the presence of loop 1. But the spectral density function of I-2(t) is found to be enhanced for frequencies nu = R(2)/2 pi L by the approximate factor (1 + alpha nu(2)), where alpha = (2 pi M)(2)/R(1)R(2). A concomitant enhancement, by an approximate factor of (1 + 2M(2)R(2)/L(2)R(1))(1/2), is found in the high-frequency amplitude noise of I-1(t). An algorithm for numerically simulating I-1(t) and I-2(1) that is exact for all parameter values is presented, and simulation results that clarify and corroborate the theoretical findings are exhibited. RP USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, RES & TECHNOL DIV, CHINA LAKE, CA 93555 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 3 BP 2588 EP 2605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.2588 PN A PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA WN934 UT WOS:A1997WN93400067 ER PT J AU Hammond, RT Davis, J Bobb, L AF Hammond, RT Davis, J Bobb, L TI Reflection, absorption, and transmission of ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic waves through a Gaussian conductor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; OSCILLATIONS; IONOSPHERE AB The reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients are derived for long-wavelength electromagnetic radiation propagating through a medium that exhibits a Gaussian conductivity. It is shown that, under certain circumstances, this applies to the ionosphere. The effects of different peak conductivities and Gaussian widths are examined, and a useful form for calculating transmission and reflection coefficients is presented. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 NAVAL AIR WARFARE CTR,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670. RP Hammond, RT (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1619 EP 1622 DI 10.1063/1.364063 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WH339 UT WOS:A1997WH33900001 ER PT J AU Meyer, GA Seltzer, M AF Meyer, GA Seltzer, M TI Continuous ICP measurement of hazardous metals in stack gas emissions SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article AB ICP technology can be used successfully for the continuous measurement of toxic metals in stack gases from incinerators, cement, and other lightweight aggregate kilns and in the metal processing industry. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93556. RP Meyer, GA (reprint author), THERMO JARRELL ASH CORP,FRANKLIN,MA 02038, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP L34 EP & PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA WL062 UT WOS:A1997WL06200011 ER PT J AU Ryu, HH Sadwick, LP Stringfellow, GB Gedridge, RW Groshens, TJ AF Ryu, HH Sadwick, LP Stringfellow, GB Gedridge, RW Groshens, TJ TI Chemical beam epitaxy of InP without precracking using tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino)phosphine SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID GROUP-V SOURCES; GROWTH; LASERS AB For the first time, single crystalline layers of indium phosphide (InP) have been grown by the chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) technique without thermally precracking the phosphorus (P) source. This was accomplished using a novel P precursor, tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino)phosphine (TBBDMAP). For a constant input V/III ratio of 7.2, InP growth was studied for growth temperatures from 450 to 530 degrees C. At 450 degrees C, the surface was indium rich due to the incomplete pyrolysis of TBBDMAP. At 480 and 510 degrees C, InP epilayers were successfully grown without precracking the TBBDMAP. An indium-rich surface was also observed at 530 degrees C using this input V/III ratio due to the high rate of phosphorus desorption. At growth temperatures of 480 and 510 degrees C, the effect of the cracker cell temperature on the InP growth rate was studied. C1 UNIV UTAH,COLL ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB PY 1997 VL 172 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00422-8 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA WL489 UT WOS:A1997WL48900001 ER PT J AU Phillips, EH AF Phillips, EH TI F/A-18E/F meets flight test goals SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Phillips, EH (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 3 BP 54 EP & PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WD777 UT WOS:A1997WD77700029 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR AF Kersten, PR BE Isik, C Cross, V TI Implementing the fuzzy quadratic classifier SO 1997 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY - NAFIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society (NAFIPS 97) CY SEP 21-24, 1997 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB The fuzzy quadratic classifier (FQC) extends the quadratic classifier to accommodate a sequence of fuzzy numbers as data. The fuzzy data induces a fuzzy quadratic discriminant (QD) that is then compared to other fuzzy discriminants to produce a decision. To generate the fuzzy data, conversion of batches of data vectors, or signals, into sequences of fuzzy signal vectors is developed base on fuzzy order statistics. In data rich environment, this conversion both condenses and refines the data stream. An efficient implementation of the FQC is presented based upon a diagonal form of the quadratic classifier and robust estimation of the parameters. A two class problem illustrates the procedure. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,TARGET RECOGNIT SECT,CODE 452320D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4078-7 PY 1997 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.1997.624038 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BJ66E UT WOS:A1997BJ66E00038 ER PT B AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Periodic pan compensation for reduced complexity video compression SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB To reduce the complexity of a video encoder, we introduce a new approach to hybrid DPCM-tranform video compression in which pan compensation is performed outside the feedback loop. While the basic idea is conceptually similar to the pan compensation algorithm proposed by Taubman and Zakhor for their 3D subband coder, our method is different in that it continually tracks and updates the image in the feedback loop in the same way as a conventional hybrid coder. Using both residual energy and reconstruction error as metrics, we show that pan compensation implemented outside the feedback loop compares very favorably to similar compensation implemented within the conventional hybrid-transform framework. Furthermore, if the spatial coder used to compress the residual images outputs an embedded bit stream, then the complete system is spatially scaleable. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 2889 EP 2892 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00724 ER PT J AU Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME AF Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME TI Selecting the architecture of a class of back-propagation neural networks used as approximators SO AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE neural networks; approximations; response surfaces; memorization; generalization AB This paper examines the architecture of back-propagation neural networks used as approximators by addressing the interrelationship between the number of training pairs and the number of input, output, and hidden layer nodes required for a good approximation. It concentrates on nets with an input layer, one hidden layer, and one output layer. It shows that many of the currently proposed schemes for selecting network architecture for such nets are deficient. It demonstrates innumerous examples that overdetermined neural networks tend to give good approximations over a region of interest, while underdetermined networks give approximations which can satisfy the training pairs but may give poor approximations over that region of interest. A scheme is presented that adjusts the number of hidden layer nodes in a neural network so as to give an overdetermined approximation. The advantages and disadvantages of using multiple output nodes are discussed. Guidelines for selecting the number of output nodes are presented. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA, DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN, TAMPA, FL 33620 USA. USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, DIV AIRCRAFT, PATUXENT RIVER, MD 20670 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0890-0604 EI 1469-1760 J9 AI EDAM JI AI EDAM-Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WU593 UT WOS:A1997WU59300003 ER PT S AU Heinz, DD Demers, PR Pingsterhaus, M Insinna, B Minor, J Jeffers, B AF Heinz, DD Demers, PR Pingsterhaus, M Insinna, B Minor, J Jeffers, B BE Fishell, WG TI F/A-18 multi-spectral tactical reconnaissance SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXI CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Heinz, DD (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2550-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3128 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.293351 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK08S UT WOS:000071155800001 ER PT J AU Loy, K AF Loy, K GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Carefree handling and its applications to military helicopters and missions SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Carefree handling (CFH) represents the ability of a pilot to fly throughout an aircraft's operational flight envelope without concern for exceeding structural, aerodynamic or control limits. Proper CFH system design can improve limit protection in high aggression maneuvers, reduce task time in such maneuvers by allowing the pilot to easily command maximum available performance, and reduce workload and improve situational awareness by relieving the pilot of the need to constantly monitor cockpit instruments. All helicopters can benefit from a well designed CFH system, but the benefits will vary with the particular helicopter characteristics and the mission in which it is employed. Helicopters with poor performance characteristics used in high gain missions will benefit more than those used in relatively benign missions. The author's observations of a conceptual CFH system and a discussion of the potential benefits of CFH systems, design requirements, and evaluation methods are also presented. RP Loy, K (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT TEST SQUADRON,PATUXENT RIVER,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 489 EP 494 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00041 ER PT B AU Carico, D AF Carico, D GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Affordable rotorcraft acquisition, testing & training SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Life cycle cost for the next generation rotorcraft design, acquisition, testing, training, and support, using current techniques, promises to escalate in a predicted hostile fiscal environment. Aircraft testing, and the associated training and support, place large demands on flight vehicles, avionics, and weapons systems, as well as, large demands on test teams and scarce fiscal resources. Simulation may play a role in reducing the cost and time required to develop the next generation aircraft and related systems. The current generation of operational flight trainers or engineering simulators are usually vehicle specific, with no capability to support design requirements and life cycle cost analysis, and current operational flight trainers are also very expensive. Rotorcraft simulators are very limited in their ability to support flight testing, especially for at-sea scenarios. These multi-million dollar trainers can not be used for basic aircraft component load predictions, or for developing rotorcraft/ship deck landing operational envelopes. An affordable unified approach to design, acquisition, testing and training is essential to minimize the overall next generation aircraft acquisition cost, and to help define the resulting operations and support cost. Integrating an enhanced generic structure, physic-based simulation model with flight test automation software presents an option to make test and evaluation, and related training, more affordable. Integrating an enhanced generic structure, physic-based simulation model with flight test automation software and with a robust design simulation presents an option for more affordable rotorcraft acquisition, testing and training. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,TEST & EVALUAT ENGN DEPT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 1609 EP 1614 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00130 ER PT B AU Preiss, SA Mirabile, AF AF Preiss, SA Mirabile, AF GP IEEE TI The common munitions bit reprogramming equipment: A management update SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper offers insight into the challenges of the modern day defense department procurement process. The Common Munitions Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) will be used to initiate BIT and provide BIT status. The CMBRE will also up load/down load and verify applicable software including Operational flight Programs (OFPs) and mission planning data. The CMBRE is an interservices tester which embodies all the elements of the ''new'' procurement process. This process includes Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) emphasis, military streamlining initiatives, combined Air Force and Navy Integrated Product Teams (IPTs), multiple munitions testing, portability and an Interservice/contractor communication process. This paper gives unique management and technical perspective, written against a real world contract backdrop, and provides lessons which can provide guidance for both the buyer and seller to achieve a ''Win-win'' outcome for defense related procurements heading into the 21st century. RP Preiss, SA (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,ENGN ACQUISIT BRANCH,WEAPONS & TARGETS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT DIV,POINT MUGU NAWC,CA 93042, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633616 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00035 ER PT B AU Sola, KE Sankovic, M AF Sola, KE Sankovic, M BE Hopper, DG TI Performance of flat panel (AMLCD) units installed in the aft end of drug interdiction P-3s SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AMLCD; military; FPD; P-3; title III; navy; crew performance; workstation design; ergonomics AB The U.S. Navy is preactively upgrading its fleet of P-3 Maritime Patrol Aircraft to continue to meet current and near future challenges to national security. The traditional P-3 role of Anti-Submarine Warfare, though retained, is being expanded to include Anti-Surface Warfare, increased reconnaissance and surveillance, and other missions. As part of the overall improvement program, P-3 cockpit and tactical crewstations throughout the aircraft are being upgraded to improve crew performance. Flat panel display technology is replacing CRTs in five on-going crewstation improvements. This paper reports on one of them: the replacement of CRT displays in a prototype EO/IR crewstation with a suite of four color AMLCDs, one of which is configured with a surface acoustic wave touch overlay to serve as a programmable touch interface. This upgrade is already in service with the fleet. RP Sola, KE (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,BLDG 2187,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1117/12.277029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00049 ER PT S AU Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB AF Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI A study of titanium surface pretreatments for bonding with polyimide and epoxy adhesives SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc DE adhesives; surface preparation; titanium ID ALUMINUM AB Adhesive bond durability depends on the properties of the adhesive, the surface preparation, and the primer used. Surface pretreatment is necessary in order to substitute the preexisting weak oxide layer on the metal surface with a more stable one. Currently, chromic acid anodizing is the most widely used pretreatment on titanium surfaces prior to bonding. Among the chemical treatments, pasa jell 107, turco 5578, and alkaline peroxide etching are widely known. The importance of a good surface pretreatment can not be overstated in applications where high performance and durability are critical. It is the objective of this study to examine the conventional surface pretreatments for titanium together with some more recently developed treatments. Among these newer pretreatments, two sol/gel methods were investigated. Single lap shears and floating roller peel samples were prepared using epoxy and polyimide adhesives. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Arnold, JR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300032 ER PT S AU Bonnet, B Mehrkam, P AF Bonnet, B Mehrkam, P BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI Adhesive bondline study using design of experiment technique SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc DE adhesive; repair; design of experiments AB The Navy has a requirement to perform bonded structural composite repairs on aircraft dth use of vacuum bag pressure. The resulting adhesive bondline must be void free to ensure sufficient bond strength and inspection of the repair by nondestructive means. Magnobond 6363 two part epoxy paste adhesive was developed by the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Patuxent River, MD (NAWCADPAX) for field bonded composite repairs. During the development process for bonded composite repairs utilizing Magnobond 6363, problems were encountered with bondline thickness control and porosity content that were related to process variations applied by each user. In response to this problem, NAWCADPAX conducted an evaluation of the most significant processing factors using a Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) approach. This experimental design technique was applied to minimize the number of experiments required in determining the effect of each of the significant factors on bondline thickness and porosity. The approach was effective in optimizing the evaluation process leading to the development of a preferred process for composite repairs utilizing Magnobond 6363. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Aerosp Mat Div,Aviat Syst Team, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bonnet, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Aerosp Mat Div,Aviat Syst Team, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 354 EP 365 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300033 ER PT S AU Ng, SJ Cramer, RJ Mehrkam, P AF Ng, SJ Cramer, RJ Mehrkam, P BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI Characterization of IM7/8552 polymer composites subjected to heat damage SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc DE heat damage; tensile strength; void content; IM7/8552 polymer composite AB Polymer composites exposed to fire, engine exhaust, equipment overheat and other mishaps cause thermal heat damage which can reduce the materials structural integrity, durability and strength. Epoxy (8552/IM7) laminates were evaluated to determine the effect of high temperature on ply-delamination, void content, weight loss and mechanical strength. Two different ply-oriented laminates, uni-directional and quasi-isotropic, were subjected to temperature ranges from 650 degrees F to 850 degrees F to simulate the actual overheat scenarios commonly observed in Navy aircraft. Qualitative and quantitative characterization techniques were performed on the heat damaged specimens provide insight into the changes in various structural parameters. The work presented will serve as a critical reference for the design and development of future advanced polymers composite system for high temperature applications. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ng, SJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 776 EP 786 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300073 ER PT B AU Chafe, JN Green, GF Stevens, JW AF Chafe, JN Green, GF Stevens, JW BE Ross, RG TI Geometric scaling of a 4.2 K Gifford-McMahon refrigerator SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB An approach is presented to increase the cooling power of small regenerative cycle cryogenic refrigerators (cryocoolers). While several researchers have demonstrated Gifford-McMahon refrigerators capable of producing 0.5W of cooling at 4.2K, the U. S. Navy is interested in several applications, including mine countermeasures and electric ship propulsion, that have cryogenic refrigeration requirements of several times that amount. These applications are the impetus for scaling the existing 0.5W, 4.2K Gifford-McMahon refrigerators to a size where they can produce more cooling power. The approach is to properly increase the size of the various components based on the basic thermodynamic processes involved and the known performance of the present systems. This scaling method allows the estimation of increased compressor requirements as well as other important parameters. A new larger refrigerator, 1.5W at 4.2K, has been designed and operated. Test results of that refrigerator are presented. RP Chafe, JN (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 627 EP 636 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00071 ER PT B AU Chafe, JN Green, GF Hendricks, JB AF Chafe, JN Green, GF Hendricks, JB BE Ross, RG TI A neodymium plate regenerator for low-temperature Gifford-McMahon refrigerators SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB The present technology in low-temperature Gifford-McMahon cryogenic-refrigerators utilizes a regenerative type heat exchanger that is fabricated with rare-earth metal spheres having diameters of about 0.2 mm. A more effective regenerative heat exchanger could be constructed by precisely forming flow holes through neodymium (Nd) disks. Perforated disks were formed using a technique similar to that used to make superconducting wire. The disks were then stacked into a tube and this whole assembly was used as a regenerative heat exchanger. This type of regenerator should provide better heat transfer properties, lower pressure drop characteristics and reduced thermodynamic losses when compared to regenerators that utilize spherical particles. Pressure drop and performance test results of both types of regenerators are presented in this paper. RP Chafe, JN (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 653 EP 662 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00074 ER PT S AU Moore, DL AF Moore, DL BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Naval air systems team advanced materials requirements, programs and initiatives SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE naval aviation; materials; processes; metals; materials protection; composites; corrosion; nondestructive test and evaluation; environmental AB Naval aviation is facing some of it's most complex and difficult challenges in recent history. The Navy's harsh, corrosive environment combined with the demands of carrier and sea-based operations have always been formidable factors. Today, the continuing evolution of performance-based requirements in addition to emerging environmental and safety requirements are adding significantly to the Navy's challenge. Affordability is now an overarching consideration across the broad spectrum of naval aviation science and technology, acquisition development, production and in-service engineering activities. These synergistic requirements are driving the programs and initiatives of the Naval Aviation Materials Competency. This paper describes the complex scenario facing the naval aviation community, and the Materials Competency plans, programs and initiatives to meet the requirements of today as well as those anticipated for tomorrow. C1 USN, Air Syst TEAM, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Moore, DL (reprint author), USN, Air Syst TEAM, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 614 EP 622 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200062 ER PT S AU Cochran, R Matson, C Thoman, S Wong, D AF Cochran, R Matson, C Thoman, S Wong, D BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Advanced composite processes for aerospace applications SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE composites; processing; fiber placement; resin transfer molding (RTM) AB Advanced composite processes such as Fiber Placement (FP) and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) are being used with greater frequency in many new aircraft programs as well as in upgrades and modifications to existing aircraft. Advanced processes provide the opportunity to automate high cost operations, such as hand lay-up, and to produce parts with less variability; in addition, automated processes improve material utilization. One of the biggest advantages of advanced composite processes is the ability to fabricate large unitized structures that combine many pieces into one large structure. This unitization of parts significantly reduces the cost of the overall airframe through minimization of assembly costs, touch labor, part tracking and quality inspections. This paper will review some current applications of advanced composite processes on Navy aircraft and review the procedures by which these advanced processes were developed and certified for application to primary and secondary aircraft structure. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochran, R (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200064 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Diamond and sapphire for infrared windows and domes SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE diamond; sapphire; infrared window ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; FRACTURE-STRENGTH; CVD DIAMOND; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; COATINGS AB Chemical-vapor-deposited diamond is being developed as a durable bulk window material and as a coating material. Clear windows up to 1 mm thick and 60 mm diameter have been produced. Domes up to 1.5 mm thick and 75 mm in diameter have been grown and polishing is in progress. Methods have been demonstrated for attaching diamond coatings to optical windows. At 10.6 mu m wavelength, the absorption coefficient is as low as 0.1 to 0.3 cm(-1) optical scatter is below 1%, and emissivity at 500 degrees C is below 3%. Microwave dielectric properties, thermal properties, and most mechanical properties (except strength) of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond are equivalent to those of Type IIa natural diamond. Sapphire is the most durable, commercial window material. It has marginal thermal shock resistance for the most demanding missions because its strength falls rapidly at elevated temperature. A study of sapphire led to the serendipitous discovery that its strength above 400 degrees C is limited by weakness in compression, not tension. Compression on the c-axis of the crystal produces twins on rhombohedral crystal planes. When twins intersect, fractures form and mechanical failure results. Understanding the failure mechanism makes possible a research program to try to improve high-temperature strength. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200065 ER PT S AU Spadafora, SJ Eng, AT Kovaleski, KJ Rice, CE Pulley, DF Dumsha, DA AF Spadafora, SJ Eng, AT Kovaleski, KJ Rice, CE Pulley, DF Dumsha, DA BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Aerospace finishing systems for naval aviation SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE aircraft coatings; pollution prevention; inorganic pretreatments AB Finishing systems on Navy aircraft perform a variety of functions, but clearly the most critical of these is the protection of aircraft structures from environmental degradation Protective coatings serve as the primary defense against corrosion of aircraft metallic alloys, as well as degradation of other materials such as polymeric composites. Traditional coatings for aircraft include inorganic pretreatments, epoxy primers and polyurethane topcoats. Pretreatments provide some corrosion protection and prepare the surface for subsequent organic coatings. Primers normally contain high concentrations of corrosion inhibitors, such as chromates, and they are designed to provide superior adhesion and corrosion protection. Polyurethane topcoats sue formulated to enhance protection and durability; they also provide desired optical effects (i.e., aesthetics or camouflage). More recently, alternative coatings have been developed, such as non-hexavalent chromate pretreatments, self-priming topcoats, flexible primers, low volatile organic compounds (VOC) content coatings, temporary and multi-functional coatings. These new developments reflect trends in protective coatings technology, changes in aircraft operational requirements/capabilities. and, most dramatically, concerns over environmental protection and worker safety. These environmental issues have created a drive toward coatings with ultra low (possibly zero) concentrations of VOC and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors. In turn, these changes have led to concerns over long-term performance, especially protection against corrosion. This paper reviews current protective coatings technology for Navy aircraft structures and discusses future needs and trends based on advancing technology, environmental concerns, and operational requirements. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Spadafora, SJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Code 4-3-4-1,Bldg 2188,48066 Shaw Rd,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 662 EP 676 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200067 ER PT S AU Mehrkam, PA Price, T AF Mehrkam, PA Price, T BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Implementation of new composite repair materials technologies on US Navy aircraft SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE adhesives; repair; epoxy resins AB In order to maintain a constant state of readiness, Navy and Marine aircraft structures must be repairable at land bases, aircraft carriers, and remote field locations. Since the first composite structure on navy aircraft was introduced in the early 1970's, the navy has been involved in many programs to develop composite repair methods. However, many repair materials, procedures, and support equipment were developed for each specific airframe and not standardized. Subsequently there is a cost burden for training fleet personnel to repair specific navy aircraft. The recent development of new repair materials and procedures has shown the potential for repairing highly loaded structures in the fleet and are adaptable to a variety of structures. Emerging navy aircraft embody larger percentages of composite structural weight along with new materials and more stringent performance requirements. The Naval Aviation System Team (NAST) is evaluating the incorporation of new repair technologies to meet today's maintenance needs as well as those of future platforms. The NAST team members consist of Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Divisions (NAWCAD), and Naval Aviation Depots (NADEP). The status of the following repair programs will be presented: development of ambient storable repair materials, Navy stock system improvements for repair materials, support equipment for composite repair, bonded repair of metallic structures, high temperature repair materials, and rapid composite repair procedures. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Mehrkam, PA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 879 EP 889 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200088 ER PT B AU Miles, MH AF Miles, MH GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI The effect of passivating films involving the lithium anode in thionyl chloride, bromine trifluoride, molten nitrates, and molten perchlorates SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The use of lithium metal anodes in oxidizing solvents requires the formation of a stable passivating film at the anode surface. This film acts as a solid electrolyte interface that transfers ions between the lithium metal and the oxidizing solvent while protecting the lithium from direct chemical attack by the solvent. These protective films generally determine the stability of the lithium anode in the oxidizing solvent as well as the discharge rates and cell voltages that can be attained. For battery applications, the ideal film would be an excellent ion conductor with all of the charge being transported by the metal ion. The passivating film for lithium anodes consists mainly of LiCl in SOCl2, LiF or LiBrF4 in BrF3, and Li2O in molten nitrates and molten perchlorates. The theoretical cell potential and energy density for Li/BrF3 are 5.26 V at 25 degrees C and 2680 W . hr/kg compared with 3.64 V and 1470 W . hr/kg for Li/SOCl2. Experimentally, the open-circuit potential is measured as 5.12 V for Li/BrF3. The discharge of the lithium anode in BrF3 appears to be limited by the passivating film that forms at the anode. Nevertheless, nearly flat discharge curves are obtained for lithium in BrF3 at current densities of 20 mA/cm(2) or less. Cell voltages greater than 3 V can be obtained for lithium anodes in molten nitrates. The discharge characteristics of the lithium anode in molten nitrates improve markedly at temperatures above the melting point of lithium (mp = 181 degrees C). Discharge rates as large as 1000 mA/cm(2) have been attained far liquid lithium anodes in molten nitrates. The liquid lithium anodes can be immobilized in molten nitrates by a lithium-boron matrix or by the use of iron powder. The Li(B) anode is quite stable in the LiNO3-KNO3 eutectic melt at temperatures up to 300 degrees C and yields discharge current efficiencies exceeding 90%. This stability is lost in initially Li+-free nitrate melts such as NaNO3-KNO3 where rapid deterioration of the anode is observed. These experimental results can be explained by a thin passivating Li2O film on the anode that is destabilized in nitrate melts having low lithium-ion concentrations. There is generally a striking difference in behavior between the lithium anode and the calcium or magnesium anode in oxidizing solvents. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 64 EP 67 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900014 ER PT B AU Miles, MH Johnson, KB Imam, MA AF Miles, MH Johnson, KB Imam, MA GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Anomalous heat and helium production using palladium-boron alloys in heavy water SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Reproducibility continues to be the major problem in the controversial cold fusion area The best reproducibility for excess power was obtained using palladium-boron (Pd-B) alloy materials supplied by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Washington, DC. Seven out of eight Pd-B cathodes produced excess power using D2O-LiOD solutions. The collection and analysis of the electrolysis gases from one Pd-B experiment places the helium-4 production rate at 1.0 x 10(11) He-4/s . W. This is the correct magnitude for typical deuteron fusion reactions that yield helium-4 as a product. Results of selected papers from the Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion held October 13-18, 1996 in Hokkaido, Japan are summarized. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1334 EP 1337 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661962 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900240 ER PT J AU Shin, FB Kil, DH Wayland, RF AF Shin, FB Kil, DH Wayland, RF TI Active impulsive echo discrimination in shallow water by mapping target physics-derived features to classifiers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active classification; feature optimization; image compression; integrated pattern recognition paradigm; target physics ID REPRESENTATION AB One of the most difficult challenges in shallow-water active sonar processing is false-alarm rate reduction via active classification, In impulsive-echo-range processing, an additional challenge is dealing with stochastic impulsive source variability, The goal of active classification is to remove as much clutter as possible while maintaining an acceptable detection performance, Clutter in this context refers to any non-target, threshold-crossing cluster event, In this paper, we present a clutter-reduction algorithm using an integrated pattern-recognition paradigm that spans a nide spectrum of signal and image processing-target physics, exploration of projection spaces, feature optimization, and mapping the decision architecture to the underlying good-feature distribution, This approach is analogous to a classify before-detect strategy that utilizes multiple informations to arrive at the detection decision, After a thorough algorithm evaluation with real active sonar data, we achieved over an order of magnitude performance improvement in clutter reduction with our methodology over that of the baseline processing. C1 NAVAL AIR WARFARE CTR, DIV AIRCRAFT, PATUXENT RIVER, MD 20670 USA. RP LOCKHEED MARTIN AZ, ADV CONCEPTS & DEV, LITCHFIELD PK, LITCHFIELD PK, AZ 85340 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.1109/48.557541 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300008 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS AF Asvestas, JS TI Scattering by an indentation satisfying a dyadic impedance boundary condition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE scattering ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AB We derive a pair of boundary integral equations for the problem of scattering of an electromagnetic wave by an indentation in a perfectly conducting screen, The wall of the indentation obeys a dyadic impedance boundary condition, The unknowns are the electric current density on the wall of the indentation and the total tangential magnetic field in the opening of the indentation, We also derive integral representations for the fields everywhere in free spade, including the far-field region. In all cases, the integrals involved extend over finite surfaces only. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,RF SENSORS BRANCH,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1109/8.554237 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WC125 UT WOS:A1997WC12500006 ER PT J AU Jung, TP Makeig, S Stensmo, M Sejnowski, TJ AF Jung, TP Makeig, S Stensmo, M Sejnowski, TJ TI Estimating alertness from the EEG power spectrum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE alertness; EEG; neural human-system; neural networks; interfaces; power spectrum; vigilance ID FLUCTUATIONS; BRAIN AB In tasks requiring sustained attention, human alertness varies on a minute time scale. This can have serious consequences in occupations ranging from air traffic control to monitoring of nuclear power plants. Changes in the electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum accompany these fluctuations in the level of alertness, as assessed by measuring simultaneous changes in EEG and performance on an auditory monitoring task. By combining power spectrum estimation, principal component analysis and artificial neural networks, we show that continuous, accurate, noninvasive, and near real-time estimation of an operator's global level of alertness is feasible using EEG measures recorded from as few as two central scalp sites. This demonstration could lead to a practical system for noninvasive monitoring of the cognitive state of human operators in attention-critical settings. C1 NATL ACAD SCI,NATL RES COUNCIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT COGNIT PERFORMANCE & PSYCHOPHYSIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT COMP SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Jung, TP (reprint author), SALK INST,COMPUTAT NEUROBIOL LAB,POB 85800,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 25 TC 211 Z9 221 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1109/10.553713 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA VZ941 UT WOS:A1997VZ94100006 PM 9214784 ER PT B AU Merritt, RG AF Merritt, RG GP INST ENVIRONM SCI TI A stochastic model for the pulse method .2. Random part SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Technical Meeting on Integrated Product Development CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Inst Environm Sci DE zero-memory nonlinear systems; nonlinear models; non-Gaussian; transient AB This paper provides a stochastic model for the Pulse Method (PM) referenced in MIL-STD-810E utilizing a zero-memory nonlinear system (ZMNS) formulation. In general, when a zero mean stationary Gaussian process with a specified autospectral density function (ASD) passes through a ZMNS, the stationary process is transformed into another stationary process with different probability density function (PDF) moments and a different ASD. It is generally quite easy to determine a ZMNS which can model a given stationary time history with specified low order moments and ASD. Reference 1 utilizes ZMNS's for purposes of time history PDF transformation on stationary processes. This paper utilizes the results of reference 1 to generate zero mean, unit variance stationary random processes with a specified normalized skew, normalized kurtosis and ASD. (From now on in this paper when skew and kurtosis is mentioned it is assumed that normalized skew and normalized kurtosis defined in Appendix A is being referred to.) Such processes then may be enveloped to provide a stochastic model for the PM with specified skew, kurtosis and ASD since skew, kurtosis and ASD should be theoretically invariant under enveloping (i.e., variance scaling) at each time t. If the measured field data has the form of an ensemble with a known time varying deterministic component the results of this paper provide only for modeling the residual ensemble (data ensemble minus the deterministic time history) with no provision made for adding the deterministic component to the residual ensemble. RP Merritt, RG (reprint author), USN,WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,ENVIRONM ENGN SECT,COMMANDER CODE 473140D,MS 223D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 BN 1-877862-55-X PY 1997 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ09L UT WOS:A1997BJ09L00020 ER PT B AU Moni, S AF Moni, S GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI A tree structured, wavelet-based stochastic process for fast image processing SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We propose a technique for fast image processing based on predicting the scale-space locations of the large wavelet coefficients. A statistical wavelet-based image model is proposed, and bounds are derived for the fast processing method applied to an image obeying this model. RP Moni, S (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 227 EP 229 DI 10.1109/ICIP.1997.638726 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90B UT WOS:A1997BJ90B00058 ER PT B AU Hewer, G Kenney, C Peterson, L VanNevel, A AF Hewer, G Kenney, C Peterson, L VanNevel, A GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Applied partial differential variational techniques SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We review and present examples for two new image processing methods based on scale space evolution under partial differential operators. These operators arise from minimizing variational objective functions and from a novel approach that respects the discrete nature of real images. The first method considered is a variational approach (developed by Hewer et al.) that provides a closed-form expression for the optimal boundary function. This method gives good results with a 2-norm penalty term for approximation error and a I-norm smoothness term; in this case there is a strong connection with total variation methods. The second method is a peer group averaging approach (developed by Hewer et al.) that smooths the image without blurring edges. This is accomplished by averaging over window pixels with nearly the same intensity; these pixels are the 'peer group' of the window's central pixel. The direct correspondence between the object characteristics and the parameters of peer goup size and window diameter make the parameter selection easier for peer group averaging than for standard variational methods. These methods are used in combination with PGA providing the initial approximation for the variational descent procedure. This is applied to real image examples and compared to existing methods including a new level-set histogram modification method (developed by Caselles ct al.) that treats connected level-sets of pixels as individual units. RP Hewer, G (reprint author), USN,CTR WEAP,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90D UT WOS:A1997BJ90D00095 ER PT B AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI A new approach to global motion compensation which reduces video encoding complexity SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB To reduce the complexity of a video encoder, we introduce a new approach to global motion compensation related to the conventional hybrid DPCM-transform method in which the motion compensation is performed outside the feedback loop. This method is potentially useful in a variety of situations, but we focus here on an area of great interest to us-its application to the problem of video compression from remote airborne platforms. While the basic idea is conceptually similar to the pan compensation proposed by Taubman and Zakhor for their 3D subband coder, our method continually tracks and updates the image in the feedback loop in the same way as a conventional hybrid system. Using both residual energy and reconstruction error as metrics, we show that the new motion compensation scheme compares very favorably to the conventional one. We also discuss how one can achieve subpixel interpolation within the proposed framework. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 634 EP 637 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90D UT WOS:A1997BJ90D00161 ER PT B AU Bartone, C van Graas, F AF Bartone, C van Graas, F GP ION TI Airport pseudolite for precision approach applications SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB This paper discusses with the integration of airport/ship pseudolites (APLs) into a local area augmented differential GPS (dGPS) based precision approach system. The paper outlines generic challenges with airport pseudolites in these high accuracy applications, introduces the concept of a multipath limiting antenna (MLA) for APL applications, presents APL power link and error budgets, as well as, data pertaining to APL error characterization. Additional topics include APL signal structure factors, ground multipath, power and error budget parameters, electromagnetic interference with nominal dGPS performance, operating range, frequency of operation, and logistic considerations pertaining to the implementation, operation, and maintenance of the system. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bartone, C (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 1841 EP 1850 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000195 ER PT J AU SarigulKlijn, N SarigulKlijn, MM AF SarigulKlijn, N SarigulKlijn, MM TI Analysis of OH-6A helicopter flight test data using Lissajous figures SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB This paper demonstrates that a new application of Lissajous figures to night test data gives different capabilities to identify both the commensurateness and the relative phase between measured quantities, These are not available from either conventional time or frequency domain flight test data analysis. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,POINT MUGU NAWC,CA 93042. RP SarigulKlijn, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AERONAUT & MECH ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.2514/2.2155 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WP100 UT WOS:A1997WP10000003 ER PT J AU Goforth, HW Arnall, DA Bennett, BL Law, PG AF Goforth, HW Arnall, DA Bennett, BL Law, PG TI Persistence of supercompensated muscle glycogen in trained subjects after carbohydrate loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE supercompensation; glucose polymers; humans ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RESYNTHESIS; ENZYMES; PERFORMANCE; REST; TIME; DIET; MEN AB Several carbohydrate (CHO)-loading protocols have been used to achieve muscle glycogen supercompensation and prolong endurance performance. This study assessed the persistence of muscle glycogen supercompensation over the 3 days after the supercompensation protocol. Trained male athletes completed a B-day CHO-loading protocol that included cycle ergometer exercise and dietary manipulations. The 3-day depletion phase began with 115 min of cycling at 75% peak oxygen uptake followed by 3 X 60-s sprints and included the subjects consuming a low-CHO/high-protein/high-fat (10:41:49%) diet. Subjects cycled 40 min at the same intensity for the next 2 days. During the 3-day repletion phase, subjects rested and consumed a high-CHO/low-protein/low-fat (85:08:07%) diet, including a glucose-polymer beverage. A 3-day postloading phase followed, which involved a moderately high CHO diet (60%) and no exercise. Glycogen values for vastus lateralis biopsies at baseline and postloading days 1-3 were 408 +/- 168 (SD), 729 +/- 222, 648 +/- 186, and 714 +/- 196 mmol/kg dry wt, respectively. The CHO-loading protocol increased muscle glycogen by 1.79 times baseline, and muscle glycogen remained near this level during the 3-day postloading period. Results indicate that supercompensated muscle glycogen levels can be maintained for at least 3 days in a resting athlete when a moderate-CHO diet is consumed. RP Goforth, HW (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT HUMAN PERFORMANCE,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 82 IS 1 BP 342 EP 347 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA WG328 UT WOS:A1997WG32800046 PM 9029236 ER PT J AU Lee, I Reed, RR Brady, VL Finnegan, SA AF Lee, I Reed, RR Brady, VL Finnegan, SA TI Energy release in the reaction of metal powders with fluorine containing polymers SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE metal/halogen compounds; pyrotechnics AB Fluorine and its derivatives have been used as a substitute to oxygen-containing oxidizers in higher performing propellants and other energetic materials. They typically react rapidly with metals or thin oxide layers of the metals to produce metal fluorides, generally in the gaseous state. Thermal reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of metal (M=Al, Ti) -F containing polymers have been studied using thermal analyzers and their energetics are compared with the metals in other halogen element containing oxidizers. The experimental results indicated that thermal reaction becomes more exothermic as the bond strength between AI-X (X=F, Br, I) becomes stronger. It was also found that oxidation of metal powders is largely affected by the size of metal powders as well as the nature of existing oxide layer. RP Lee, I (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,RES & TECHNOL DIV,474330D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0368-4466 J9 J THERM ANAL JI J. Therm. Anal. PY 1997 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1699 EP 1705 DI 10.1007/BF01983730 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA XL950 UT WOS:A1997XL95000063 ER PT B AU Whitesel, HK Overby, JK Sarkady, AA Jacobson, CP AF Whitesel, HK Overby, JK Sarkady, AA Jacobson, CP BE Linden, KJ TI Code division multiplexing of fiber optic sensors with LED sources SO LASER DIODE AND LED APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Diode and LED Applications III CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE sensors; optical fiber sensors; fiber optic sensors; multiplexing; fiber optic sensor multiplexing; code division multiplexing; time division multiplexing AB Code division multiplexing can be used to increase the number of sensors operated on one light emitting diode (LED) and thereby reduce the unit sensor cost of the complete sensor system. We have successfully designed a system to multiplex 32 sensors on one LED with output power of approximately 0.4mW, at 850nm wavelength. The LED is modulated with a pseudorandom pulse sequence and distributed through a 2 X 32 coupler to 32 reflective sensors. Sensor response is measured by computing the cross correlation of the transmitted code and the sensor reflection. The response is separated in time by varying the length of the sensor fiber. Sensor noise is reduced by averaging and cross correlation of the sensor response with the transmitted code sequence. All processing is done by microcomputer and a digital oscilloscope. The system was demonstrated with multimode fiber connected to 2 Fabry-Perot sensors and 1 amplitude sensor. Noise values on each sensor imply that more than 32 sensors can be monitored with code division multiplexing technology. RP Whitesel, HK (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2411-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3000 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.263488 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH07E UT WOS:A1997BH07E00002 ER PT B AU Steele, RJ Fuerschbach, PW AF Steele, RJ Fuerschbach, PW BE Fabbro, R Kar, A Matsunawa, A TI Spot size and effective focal length measurements for a fast axial flow CO2 laser SO LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, PTS 1 & 2: ICALEO '97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference CY NOV 17-20, 1997 CL CATAMARAN RESORT HOTEL, SAN DIEGO, CA HO CATAMARAN RESORT HOTEL AB An evaluation of the variation in focal plane position and spot size for a 1650 W fast axial flow CO2 laser was performed. Multiple measurements of the focused beam were taken at stepped intervals along the beam axis to create a composite representation of the focus region. Measurements were made at several power levels from low to full power for each of five nominally identical ZnSe (f= 127 mm) lenses. It was found that as laser output power increases, the minimum focused spot radius increases, and the position of minimum focus shifts toward the laser resonator. These effects were attributed to observed variations in the diameter of the beam entering the focusing lens. For the assumed identical lenses examined, variations in spot radius and focal plane position were seen. Lenses with high rated absorption had a larger variation in spot size and effective focal length than those with low absorption. Lenses that had previously been degraded by welding spatter had the greatest variation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Steele, RJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-56-0 PY 1997 BP A167 EP A176 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BK84A UT WOS:000073607300019 ER PT B AU Ricks, DW Willhite, HW AF Ricks, DW Willhite, HW BE Kamerman, GW TI Hand-held imaging laser radar SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser radar; imaging; scannerless; binary-optic; tactical intelligence AB We investigated laser radar technology for tactical intelligence; that is, we wanted to build a camcorder-sized device for information on terrain, and for reconnaissance and surveillance of various targets. Our performance requirements were: field of view 15 mrad by 150 mrad, image resolution 0.15 mrad, range 1 km, range depth resolution 15 cm, and acquisition time one third of a second. We designed imaging devices using two of the most promising technologies that we found. The first imager uses a digital CCD camera with a modulated image intensifier. The laser is a Q-switched, flashlamp-pumped, Nd:YAG laser. There is no scanner in this system. The range is obtained by a technology similar to classical continuous phase detection. The second imager uses a diode-pumped solid stare laser, and fiber optics to relay the image to thirty-two avalanche photodiodes. The laser beam is split into thirty-two beams and a binary optics scanner is used for scanning between beams. The range is obtained with time-of-flight electronics. Both imaging system designs meet the basic requirements, and could also be used in automatic target recognition, aimpoint selection, target tracking, obstacle avoidance, and other imaging laser radar applications. RP Ricks, DW (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CODE 452240D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.281033 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00004 ER PT B AU Eggertsen, KF Cirineo, A Cameron, AG Cleveland, JR AF Eggertsen, KF Cirineo, A Cameron, AG Cleveland, JR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Approach to a common solution for the family of interoperable range system transceivers (first) SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB As the DoD strives to improve the fighting effectiveness of the war fighters in the digitized battlefield, the test and training ranges require instrumentation systems that lower the cost and improve the fidelity of training exercises. A significant component of these systems consists of RF transceivers that provide the connectivity to collect and transport important test and training data. The future systems must provide fully integrated communications capabilities that operate under increasingly diverse and dynamic battlefield conditions, allow insertion of new technologies, accommodate changes in doctrine and mission, and do not interfere with test and training activities. These future systems must fully integrate voice, data, video, and data transport services in a manner which makes efficient use of the limited RF spectrum. Toward this end, the Technical Working Group (TWG) of the FIRST project has initiated an effort to define a modem DoD Standard Datalink capability to serve Test and Evaluation (T&E) and Training within the US Navy, Air Force and Amy. The objective of this standardization is to improve the processes for range system integration and thereby lower the cost of range operation. Our paper discusses the common solution in terms of the system need, the development approach and the performance characteristics. Expected performance enhancements include adaptable interfaces, greater mission flexibility, increased capacity and range, and lower transceiver and battery weight made available by new commercial technologies. Use of "dual mode" military/commercial technology and synergism offers the opportunity to achieve the first universal bit rate, global joint commercial military standard. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Pt Mugu, CA USA. RP Eggertsen, KF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Pt Mugu, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 419 EP 423 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900080 ER PT S AU Yu, WP AF Yu, WP BE Chinni, MJ TI Target cross polarization effect on missile end-game tracking SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE cross-polarization; RCS/glint; cross-coupling; tracking-loop; N-point model; end-game AB Radio-frequency (RF) target models are needed for RF chamber hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) missile flyout and complete digital missile flyout simulations. Both RCS and Glint noise play an important role in radar detection/acquisition and more importantly in tracking of a target. In addition to target glint effects there are also cross-coupling effects, between the elevation and the azimuth tracking channels, that could affect the performance of a missile tracker due to Electromagnetic (EM) Wave Depolarization phenomena. One is due to the cross-polarized radar echoes by the target itself and the other is due to the cross-polarization of radar echoes by the missile seeker radome. Missile tracking errors due to cross-coupling can greatly affect a missile tracker in the end-game tracking of a target. Target modeling methodology using N-point scatterer models has been mature enough for missile flyout simulations. However, most of the missile flyout and end-game tracking scenarios are still restricted by the availability of target models. It is the intent here to show that the application of N-point scatterer models can be used also for the study of cross polarization effect in an end-game target tracking scenario. The signature model derived, based on dominant scatterers of the target, would be invaluable for weapon system effectiveness and lethality analyses. Simple missile flyout and end-game scenarios to account for the cross-coupling effects using available target models are demonstrated. Issues related to scatterer model validity and applicability are discussed. C1 USN, Grayson Merrill Missile Syst Evaluat Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Yu, WP (reprint author), USN, Grayson Merrill Missile Syst Evaluat Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900008 ER PT J AU Kelly, TL Ryman, DH Schlangen, K Gomez, SA Elsmore, TF AF Kelly, TL Ryman, DH Schlangen, K Gomez, SA Elsmore, TF TI The effects of a single dose of pemoline on performance and mood during sleep deprivation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEXTROAMPHETAMINE AB Stimulants may be used to improve performance during sleep deprivation. A previous study found that multiple doses of pemoline (37.5 mg every 12 hr) during 64 hr of sleep deprivation improved speed of cognitive performance with variable effects on accuracy. In this study, a single dose of 37.5 mg of pemoline was administered once during the 2nd of 2 nights of sleep deprivation. With this administration schedule, participants showed improved performance, predominantly on accuracy (percentage correct) measures. Effects on speed were minimal. The three tasks which were primarily tests of reaction time showed no stimulant effects. Pemoline had no negative effects on performance, in contrast to the findings of the multiple-dose study. Administration at the time of maximum need (previous sleep deprivation added to the effects of the circadian low period for performance and alertness) may explain the change in effects. C1 US PACIFIC FLEET,SAN DIEGO,CA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Kelly, TL (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0903_3 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XF523 UT WOS:A1997XF52300003 ER PT J AU Williams, D Englund, CE Sucec, AA Overson, MD AF Williams, D Englund, CE Sucec, AA Overson, MD TI Effects of chemical protective clothing, exercise, and diphenhydramine on cognitive performance during sleep deprivation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEARING INDUSTRIAL RESPIRATORS; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; SIGNAL-DETECTION; VISUAL-FIELD; PSYCHOMOTOR; ANTIHISTAMINES; CETIRIZINE; HEAT AB The cognitive performance effects of some stressors experienced in military training and combat were determined in a field experiment. The effects of wearing chemical protective clothing (CPC) at Mission-Oriented Protective Posture Level IV, walking 18 to 24 miles (29-39 km) while carrying a heavy backpack, and taking 50-mg oral doses every 6 hr of diphenhydramine (an antihistamine) were investigated on 72 Marines during a 36-hr sleep deprivation double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. We administered tests that measured reaction time, spatial ability, memory, and logical reasoning. The results suggest that wearing CPC for an Il-hr period or prolonged engagement in moderate exercise produces general cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived participants. However, after repeated dosing, taking diphenhydramine has little cognitive effect. These results suggest that, if a job is near the limit of a person's cognitive abilities, performance may suffer if the person is sleep deprived and required to wear CPC or engage in prolonged, moderate exercise. RP Williams, D (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 329 EP 358 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0904_5 PG 30 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900006 ER PT S AU Johnson, CE Higa, KT AF Johnson, CE Higa, KT BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Wollenberger, HJ TI Preparation of nanometer sized aluminum powders SO NANOPHASE AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials II, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Nanometer aluminum powders have been prepared from the catalytic thermal decomposition of aluminum hydride adducts in organic solvents. This process provides excellent control of particle size and uniformity with batch particle sizes ranging from 50 to 600 nm. Variables affecting particle size were explored, including reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and adducting amine concentration. Passivation techniques of the reactive aluminum powders were established for safe handling in air. Samples were mainly characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. RP Johnson, CE (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CHEM & MAT BRANCH,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-361-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 457 BP 131 EP 135 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BH71D UT WOS:A1997BH71D00019 ER PT B AU Mullen, L Contarino, VM AF Mullen, L Contarino, VM BE Ackleson, SG Frouin, R TI Modulated pulse lidar for enhanced underwater detection SO OCEAN OPTICS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Optics XIII CY OCT 22-25, 1996 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP USN, Off Naval Res, NASA, Russian Acad Sci, Amer Geophys Union, Oceanog Soc, US, Amer Soc Limnol & Oceanog, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Canada, Def Res Estab Valcartier, Canada, Alliance Marine Remote Sensing, Canada DE lidar; radar; laser radar; ocean remote sensing; optical modulation AB Past laboratory experiments established the ability of the modulated pulse lidar system to improve underwater target contrast. Due to the limitations of the laboratory environment in assessing the performance of the new detection scheme, a system was designed and constructed for use in an ocean experiment which was carried out in December, 1995. Results from the field test confirm the capability of modulated pulse lidar to reduce backscatter clutter and enhance underwater target contrast. In addition, the existence of microwave subcarrier interference effects confirmed that the microwave signal integrity was maintained throughout the range of measurements. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,22541 MILLSTONE RD,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2367-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2963 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1117/12.266392 PG 4 WC Oceanography; Optics SC Oceanography; Optics GA BH31C UT WOS:A1997BH31C00117 ER PT S AU Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ StengerSmith, JD Chafin, AP Hollins, RA Roberts, MJ Merwin, LH Herman, WN AF Lindsay, GA Wynne, KJ StengerSmith, JD Chafin, AP Hollins, RA Roberts, MJ Merwin, LH Herman, WN BE Jenekhe, SA Wynne, KJ TI Accordion polymers for nonlinear optical applications SO PHOTONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Polymers for Advanced Optical Applications, at the Pacific Polymer Conference CY DEC 12-16, 1995 CL KAUAI, HI SP Pacific Polym Federat ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MAIN-CHAIN; POLED POLYMER; WAVE-GUIDE; FILMS AB The design and synthesis of mainchain polymers with chromophores in the syndioregic (head-to-head) configuration are reviewed, and recent unpublished results are included. Polymers were designed for both electric-field poling and Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn (LBK) deposition. Corona poling in the dark was shown to give excellent results for polycinnamamides, whereas poling in room light at elevated temperatures resulted in photo-oxidative degradation. A Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator was fabricated and the measured electro-optic coefficient (r(33)) was 9 pm/V at a wavelength of 1.3 mu m. New mainchain syndioregic polymers containing isomers of phenylene diacetonitrile as bridging groups were synthesized. Preliminary d(33) and r(33) measurements on one promising polymer were close to the expected values. In an alternative approach which avoids electric-field poling polar multilayer -(AB)(n)-films were fabricated by the LBK technique. Two complementary amphiphilic polymers were alternatively deposited by Y-type deposition. In Polymer A, the chromophore's electron accepting end is connected to a hydrophobic bridging unit, and its electron donating end is connected to a hydrophilic bridging unit. The converse is true for Polymer B. These multilayer thin films have second order nonlinear optical properties which are stable at ambient temperature in the absence of oxygen. Microstructural information on a 92-bilayer polymer film was obtained from polarized optical measurements. C1 US DEPT NAVY, OFF NAVAL RES, PHYS SCI S&T DIV 331, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, DIV AIRCRAFT, AVION BRANCH, PATUXENT RIVER, MD 20670 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, WEAPONS DIV, CHEM & MAT BRANCH, 4B2200D, CHINA LAKE, CA 93555 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3519-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 672 BP 133 EP 150 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ87B UT WOS:A1997BJ87B00010 ER PT B AU Muessig, PR Laack, DR AF Muessig, PR Laack, DR BE Andradottir, S Healy, KJ Withers, DH Nelson, BL TI Optimizing the selection of VV & A activities - a risk/benefit approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 97) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB This paper discusses a risk/benefit analysis approach to the selection of an optimal set of VV&A activities. The approach is an adaptation of MIL-STD-882C (System Safety Program Requirements) to the requirements of establishing the credibility of models and simulations (M&S). Risks and benefits elf M&S use are quantified in terms of impact level and probability of occurrence within the context of specific applications. These assessments are then used to determine the level of M&S credibility required to minimize risk and/or maximize benefit. The required level of credibility is then used to select the most appropriate mix of VV&A activities from a standard set of activities that is calibrated to varying levels of required credibility. The end result is an ability to objectively justify the chosen set of VV&A activities, and to monitor the impact of risk/benefit changes on VV&A requirements. (This paper was originally presented at the Summer Computer Simulation Conference in Arlington, Virginia in July, 1997. It is presented here (in modified form) as part of WSC '97 IT-101 (Establishing Simulation Credibility Through VV&A)). C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Muessig, PR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 418000D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4278-X PY 1997 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1145/268437.268449 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK18F UT WOS:000071432100009 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR AF Kersten, PR GP IEEE TI Implementation issues in the fuzzy c-Medians clustering algorithm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS I - III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 97) CY JUL 01-05, 1997 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP IEEE, Neural Network Council AB The fuzzy c-Median (FCMED) clustering algorithm is an alternating optimization (AO) method of solving the fuzzy c-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm using the l(1)-norm. This algorithm is more resistant to outliers than the FCM-AO algorithm using the l(2)-norm. The robustness of the FCMED does not come free, since the fuzzy median is the cluster-centering statistic and exact evaluation of the fuzzy median usually involves ordering the sample values. The efficiency of calculating the fuzzy median is an important implementation issue. Two other evaluation methods are considered for the fuzzy median: The first is the remedian, which statisticians use to simplify the estimation of the median. A fuzzy remedian is defined and used to approximate the fuzzy median. The second method finds the root of the derivative of the functional equation defining the fuzzy median. Both approaches are described and illustrated in this paper. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,TARGET RECOGNIT SECT,CODE 452220D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3797-2 PY 1997 BP 957 EP 962 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ56L UT WOS:A1997BJ56L00156 ER PT B AU Battalino, TE AF Battalino, TE BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Air mass characterization for optical propagation modeling in the coastal marine atmosphere SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE aerosol model; optical propagation; air mass parameter; condensation nuclei; extinction AB The U.S. Navy Aerosol Model (NAM) was developed to compute aerosol extinction coefficients at visual and infrared wavelengths in the marine boundary layer atmosphere. The NAM provides an empirical assessment of the aerosol particle size distribution, which is derived from an input of background meteorological measurements, representative of real-time atmospheric conditions. The NAM aerosol size distribution can be specified as the superimposition of three distinct aerosol production mechanisms, the first of which is comprised of an air mass driven component that can be parameterized in a variety of ways. The amplitude of the air mass component is the largest of the three aerosol modes and is the most difficult to measure. The other two modes depend upon wind speed to actuate the aerosol yield and are not of primary interest here. Air mass characterization is accomplished by parameterizing the amplitude of the air mass component; four methodologies are discussed: (1) measuring the atmospheric radon gas concentration which is used as an air mass tracer, (2) computing air trajectories to determine air mass histories, (3) indexing trajectories to the radon count, and (4) measuring the condensation nuclei (CN) count. Data bases from the Navy EOPACE (Electro Optical Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments) program will be employed to test and evaluate the potential air mass parameters. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. The air mass index scheme using radon and air trajectories is outlined and the full development of the CN air mass parameter technique, including numerical and analytical solutions, is presented. RP Battalino, TE (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,GEOPHYS BRANCH,CODE 521420E,POINT MUGU NAWC,CA 93042, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.283898 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00005 ER PT B AU Rosenthal, J Helvey, R McGovern, M Greiman, P Cohenour, B AF Rosenthal, J Helvey, R McGovern, M Greiman, P Cohenour, B BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Battlespace weather and EM/EO conditions for joint strike support SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Battlespace meteorological and oceanographic (METOC) conditions can be defined and displayed using the Navy's C4ISR architecture for use in strike planning, optimizing weapons performance, and post-operation assessment. Using the Tactical Environmental Support System (TESS), METOC satellite imagery has been exploited to derive estimates of temperature and cloud conditions along Tomahawk flight paths, and integrated with operational geometry to support missile launches conducted during Joint Warrior Interoperability Demonstration (JWID-95). The integrated and fused displays were sent from the Battle Management Interoperability Center (BMIC) at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, Point Mugu, and transmitted to fleet units where they were inserted as strike warfare support products on a home page for transmission to other JWID participants. Other support techniques are also being implemented using home page/internet technology. The EM/EO propagation environment is being characterized remotely by application of the ''satellite-IR duct technique'' which allows duct heights to be displayed over low-cloud regions over subtropical ocean areas. To provide duct height estimates in regions without clouds or in-situ measurements, or predictions of ducting conditions, the ''equivalent altitude'' and ''experduct'' techniques are employed to demonstrate additional automated capabilities using synoptic weather considerations. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,GEOPHYS BRANCH,CODE 521400E,POINT MUGU NAWC,CA 93042, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.279035 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00009 ER PT B AU Borden, B AF Borden, B BE Miceli, WJ TI Reduction of ISAR image artifacts caused by re-entrant structures SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications II CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE SAR; ISAR; inlet; duct; cavity; image artifact; gamma-transform; struve transform AB The standard ISAR high-frequency weak-scatterer model is inappropriate to targets with inlets and cavities, and images created under this model assumption often display artifacts associated with these structures. Since inlets and cavities (typically) make a strong contribution to the radar field scattered from aircraft targets, these artifacts often confound the image interpretation process and considerable effort has been spent in recent years to model, isolate: and remove these sources of error. Many of the more complete and accurate scattering models require extensive knowledge about the cavity/inlet shape and size and, moreover, are numerically intensive-features that make them unsuitable for many imaging applications. We examine an older (and less accurate) model based on a weak-scattering modal expansion of the structure which appears to be well-suited to ISAR imaging. In addition, the analysis shows how cavity/inlet shape-specific information may be estimated from an ordinary ISAR image. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,RES & TECHNOL DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2583-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3161 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.279476 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ74P UT WOS:A1997BJ74P00002 ER PT B AU Elson, JM Tran, P Escobar, FJ AF Elson, JM Tran, P Escobar, FJ BE Miceli, WJ TI Application of the MOMI method to the magnetic field integral equation SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications II CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE MFIE; MOMI; magnetic field integral equation; rough surface; scattering; iteration AB We apply the method of ordered multiple interactions (MOMI) to the magnetic field integral equation for a scattering problem involving an infinitely long cylinder suspended over a numerically-generated randomly rough surface. The cylinder and rough surface are infinite conductors. We consider two-dimensional geometry (invariance in the gamma-direction) and calculate the scattering of a plane wave which is polarized in the plane of scattering. We examine some convergence characteristics of the MOMI method when applied to this scattering problem. Our results indicate that the MOMI method does not converge for scattering only from isolated cylinders, but converges rapidly for scattering only from randomly rough surfaces. To obtain solutions for the problem with both cylinder and rough surface present, we adopt a hybrid method where the cylinder portion is solved exactly and the rough surface portion is solved by iteration. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,COMPUTAT SCI BRANCH,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2583-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3161 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.279478 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ74P UT WOS:A1997BJ74P00004 ER PT J AU Rapaport, M Forster, E Schoenbeck, A Domzalski, L AF Rapaport, M Forster, E Schoenbeck, A Domzalski, L GP SAFE ASSOC TI Establishing a spinal injury criterion for military seats SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB Currently, military specifications require use of an acceleration-time criterion to assess the physiological acceptability of crash resistant seats and restraint systems. With the evolution of crash test dummies which now exhibit greater bio-fidelic performance, military researchers are considering ''direct force'' measurements taken within the Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) as an alternate evaluation criterion. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recently established such a criterion as part of a new dynamic test requirement for the certification of airline passenger seats.(1) Prior to military tri-service implementation of a similar requirement, validation of the methodology with the ''aerospace'' model of the Hybrid III manikin was necessary. This paper describes the test program conducted with Hybrid III crash test dummies to establish a lumbar spinal load injury criterion for military crash resistant seat compliance testing. The effort was sponsored under the Naval Air Systems Command's (PMA-202) Advanced Crashworthy Aircrew Survival Systems (ACASS) Program. Dynamic testing was conducted on the Horizontal Accelerator Facility at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division, Warminster, PA. The test program examined the lumbar spinal response of Hybrid III test dummies when exposed to predominantly vertical helicopter crash pulses under controlled laboratory conditions. Sufficient data was acquired to conduct a statistical analysis of the Hybrid III's lumbar spine response to compressive loading (i.e., + Gz headward direction). The analysis supports the recommendation to employ lumbar force as a primary physiological criterion for military crash resistant seat compliance. Also, the merits of using this injury indicator during escape system testing are discussed. RP Rapaport, M (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,AIRCRAFT DIV,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 156 EP 164 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00019 ER PT J AU Jaffee, M Coughlin, R Moore, B AF Jaffee, M Coughlin, R Moore, B GP SAFE ASSOC TI Priority one: Survival! .2. Navy state-of-the-art survival item update SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The STATE-OF-THE-ART(SOA) program exists at the Naval Air Warfare Center at Patuxent River, Maryland. It is a R&D funded effort that identifies the requirements for a mission through fleet-generated deficiencies. The result is replacement of survival items that are usually non-developmental items (NDI) in nature and that are introduced after fleet assessment. At the 1995 SAFE Symposium, a paper was presented regarding a database developed by the State-of-the-Art (SOA) program at the Naval Air Warfare Center with the goal of determining what the priority of survival items should be for survival, evasion and rescue. That paper, Priority One, Survival!, discussed the database, explained its initial findings and requested feedback from the community pertaining to this issue. During the 1996 SAFE Symposium, Mr. James Johnson continued the discussion is his presentation, Survival Equipment, Has It Really Changed? However, feedback from survival schools, survival equipment businesses, safety centers and other services has not been forthcoming as was hoped. This paper will address findings now that the database has matured, and will attempt to broaden the discussion regarding this important issue. Military as well as civilian usage of survival items will be addressed as well as the priority items for different aircraft, environments, military services and countries. Military and civilian survival handbooks and other literature will be included in the presentation. RP Jaffee, M (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,AIRCRAFT DIV,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00020 ER PT B AU Tucker, HD Todd, WL Kennedy, G AF Tucker, HD Todd, WL Kennedy, G GP SAFE ASSOC TI Data to design: Anthropometry in Naval aviation SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The design of many aircrew systems depends on anthropometry, or the measurement of the human body's dimensions. Traditionally, body dimensions and contours had been painstakingly quantified using tapes, calipers, and rulers. These inefficient traditional methods are being replaced by newer methods including multivariate statistical database derivation and digital measuring technologies. These data can be manipulated by various computer software applications to study, model, design, and prototype what Naval aviators wear, and digitally quantify their accommodation within a crewstation. This paper will discuss two new, statistically-derived, anthropometric databases and their application in the re-engineering design of Naval aircraft crewstations and aircrew life support systems (ALSS); cockpit accommodation modeling and analysis using the CAD based, FaroArm(TM) portable coordinate measuring machine; ALSS design, sizing, and prototyping using whole body scanning technology with CAD/CAM applications; and the potential for design integration of what the pilot wears with the crewstation in which he/she wears it. RP Tucker, HD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,CREW SYST DIV,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 304 EP 310 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00033 ER PT J AU Hunter, RW Engineer, M AF Hunter, RW Engineer, M GP SAFE ASSOC TI NACES drogue parachute service life-extension evaluation program SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The current need is to reduce life-cycle and maintenance costs 4 naval equipment without compromising its reliability. The latter is particularly true for emergency egress equipment, such as parachutes where failure is life-threatening. The NACES drogue parachute is pressure packed in a sealed container that shelters it from the environment. Reducing the life-cycle costs of the parachute by extending its service life should be a minimum risk effort. For this reason, a program was performed to evaluate the feasibility of extending the parachute's service life. Evaluation of the data led to the following conclusions. The service life of the packed parachute could be safely extended from six to eight years. The serial number of the container and the serial number of the parachute are not related. The set-dice life of the container is not controlled, and the user cannot determine the parachute serial number without unpacking the parachute. The results show an excessive amount of data scatter between testing facilities. This scatter-results from the variety of test methods used and the inherent variable nature of textile materials. RP Hunter, RW (reprint author), USN,AIRWARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CREW SYST DEPT,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 380 EP 389 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00042 ER PT J AU Hennings, EJ AF Hennings, EJ GP SAFE ASSOC TI Mishap data evaluation of current Naval aircraft 1987-1996 SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB This report documents a study of U.S Naval mishap data from January 1987 to September 1996 involving F/A-18A,B,C,D; AV-8B/TAV-8B; F-14A,B,C,D; EA-6B; T-45; T-2; S-3; and TA-4 aircraft. The study was conducted to determine which technological improvements in aircraft and aircrew safety systems might reduce the mishap/injury/lethality rates of the subject aircraft and crewmembers. Data were first sorted into aircraft categories, including aircraft lost per year by platform and mishaps per 100,000 flight hours by year and by platform The crewmembers involved were then sorted into injury categories. For those crewmembers in the categories of fatality, permanent total disability permanent partial disability, and major injury, the data were sorted into eject/no eject categories and then into technology categories that may have prevented the fatality or injury, first for the entire group and then for only those crewmembers who ejected. The results of this study indicate that 268 of the aircraft listed above have been lost in the 10 years studied. These mishaps involved 416 crewmembers, 192 (46.2%) of which were killed, disabled or received a major injury. Of these 192 crewmembers, the largest number of fatalities and injuries (83 crewmembers (43.2%)) may have been eliminated if an automatic ejection system were available. One hundred twenty-three of these 192 crewmembers were known to have ejected and of these, 41 (33.3%) may have been helped if an improved propulsion system were available. Thirty-three (26.8%) of the 123 would have been helped with an improved restraint system, while 30 (24.4%) would have been helped with an optimized parachute system. It should be noted that each crewmember may have been helped by improvements in more than one technology category; therefore the numbers do not add up to 100%. RP Hennings, EJ (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CREW SYST DEPT,EMERGENCY EGRESS & CRASHWORTHY SYST DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 465 EP 475 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00051 ER PT B AU Tran, P AF Tran, P BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Dressed Rayleigh expansion for rough surface scattering SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Raleigh hypothesis; dressed Rayleigh expansion; rough surface scattering AB The Dressed Rayleigh expansion is used to calculate the scattering of electromagnetic radiation from a randomly rough surface. This expansion was developed for grating calculation by Agassi and George [Phys. Rev. B 33, 2393-2400, 1986] to eliminate the numerical overflow, due to the evanescent waves, when the grating height is large. This dressed expansion involves redefining the expansion coefficient so that the matrix element is multiplied by an exponential damping factor. We find that this damping is too strong causing numerical underflow. As the root mean square (rms) roughness increases, the size of the expansion must decrease to avoid this numerical problem. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CODE 4B4000D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2563-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3141 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.279235 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ67R UT WOS:A1997BJ67R00010 ER PT B AU Elliott, KC Hickling, A McFadden, R AF Elliott, KC Hickling, A McFadden, R BE Whitaker, AF ClarkIngram, M Hessler, SL TI The design of a small transportable solid rocket motor exhaust scrubber SO SECOND AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE NASA CONFERENCE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference CY AUG 06-08, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA, NASA Operat Environm Team, NASA, Off Space Flight, SAMPE Space Mfg Trust Comm, Aerosp Ind Assoc, Air Transport Assoc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Met Int, Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Mfg Sci, Univ Alabama Huntsville AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC/IHD) is being funded by CNO45 to develop a system to scrub rocket motor exhaust gases from test firings. NSWC/IHD has initiated a pilot program to design and fabricate a transportable system to perform this scrubbing without adversely affecting static testing results. This effort will also provide data for future scale-up design efforts. This paper addresses previous scrubber design efforts, current design requirements and constraints, our design approach, and elements of the final design. RP Elliott, KC (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,INDIAN HEAD,MD 20640, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NASA PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 20546 J9 NASA CONF P PY 1997 VL 3349 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BJ47U UT WOS:A1997BJ47U00056 ER PT S AU Hanson, GA Iltis, RA AF Hanson, GA Iltis, RA BE Singh, A TI On minimax detection of signals with unknown parameters SO THIRTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 1996 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, California, San Jose State Univ, San Jose, California, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we review two different strategies for mini-max detection of complex signals with unknown parameters in additive Gaussian noise. The first strategy is based on the least-favorable distribution of the unknown parameters, The second strategy is a distribution-free approach which seeks to maximize performance for the worst case parameter values. Conditions are given under which the two detectors produce identical performance. RP Hanson, GA (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,CODE 472C00D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-7646-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1997 BP 873 EP 877 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.1996.599069 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH95W UT WOS:A1997BH95W00174 ER PT S AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD BE Singh, A TI Perfect reconstruction time-varying IIR filter banks SO THIRTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 1996 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, California, San Jose State Univ, San Jose, California, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We consider here the general problem of implementing perfect reconstruction IIR filter banks, allowing the use of both causal and noncausal filtering stages. Past work including that of smith & Chung and Chen & Vaidyanathan has focused exclusively on filter banks having only noncausal filtering stages, probably because the computationally efficient modulated polyphase allpass filter bank falls into this category. We use a canonical direct form II framework here which is closely related to that of Chen and Vaidyanathan. In addition to considering extensions of this framework to include causal filtering stages, we point out some constraints analogous to those found by Smith and Chung for their direct form I implementation. Finally, we consider in detail the problem of selecting initial filter states to guarantee perfect cancellation of startup transients for finite length sequences in the time-varying case. We derive here a result for circular convolution with time-varying IIR filters analogous to that found by Smith & Eddins for time-invariant filters. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-7646-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1997 BP 1319 EP 1323 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.1996.599161 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH95W UT WOS:A1997BH95W00262 ER PT S AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD BE Rajala, SA Rabbani, M TI Adaptive embedding for reduced complexity image and video compression SO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING '98, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Visual Communications and Image Processing 1998 Conference CY JAN 28-30, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE image compression; video compression; low complexity; EZW; wavelet compression; embedded compression; embedded zerotree wavelet AB An embedded coding algorithm creates a compressed bit stream which can be truncated to produce reduced resolution versions of the original image. This property allows such algorithms to preciseIy achieve fixed bit rates, reducing or eliminating the need for rate control in video transmission applications, Furthermore, embedded bit streams have a certain degree of innate error resistance and can also be used lo facilitate unequal error protection. Unfortunately, embedded compression algorithms are relatively slow. In this paper, we introduce the concept of adaptive embedding in an effort to address this problem. Such embedding increases the speed of the algorithm by reducing the number of separate resolution layers contained within the bit stream. Since it is often impossible to effectively use the many Layers created by existing embedded coders, sacrificing some them to speed up the processing may be quite acceptable, We show here that adaptive embedding increases execution speed by 28% for fixed-rate video compression with only a 2% reduction in rate-distortion performance. Finally, we also introduce an alternate form of lossless compression which increases execution speed by another 6-10% at the expense of reconstruction quality. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2749-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3309 BP 48 EP 57 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BK38Z UT WOS:000071969700005 ER PT B AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Tustison, RW TI Side-by-side comparison of erosion-resistant coatings SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE erosion; rain erosion; sand erosion; coatings; erosion-resistant coatings; boron phosphide; gallium phosphide; zinc sulfide; magnesium fluoride; silicon; infrared emittance AB Optical properties and rain and sand erosion resistance of the following infrared window materials were measured: (1) Barr & Stroud boron phosphide coating on multispectral zinc sulfide, (2) Barr & Stroud gallium phosphide coating (with a thin outer layer of boron phosphide) on multispectral zinc sulfide, (3) Raytheon zinc sulfide coating on multispectral zinc sulfide, (4) Texas Instruments bulk gallium phosphide, (5) polycrystalline magnesium fluoride, and (6) single-crystal silicon. ZnS-coated ZnS has low optical emission for operation at 500 degrees C in both the 3-5 and 8-10 mu m regions. Bulk GaP and bare MgF2 have low emission only in the 3-5 mu m region. BP/ZnS and BP/GaP/ZnS have prohibitive optical emission at 500 degrees C in both the 3-5 and 8-10 mu m regions. In whirling arm rain erosion experiments, none of the coated materials was as durable as bare MgF2. BP/ZnS is more durable than ZnS/ZnS, but subsurface damage preceded damage to the BP coating in BP/ZnS. GaP fractured easily on orthogonal crystal planes upon raindrop impact. In sand erosion experiments, BP and BP/GaP/ZnS were best and MgF2 was second most durable. A procedure is proposed for conducting comparative rain and sand erosion tests of inclined windows. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CODE 4B2200D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2475-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3060 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.277054 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ21Y UT WOS:A1997BJ21Y00003 ER PT B AU Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Johnson, LF Moran, MB BE Tustison, RW TI Synthesis and characterization of carbon nitride films SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE chlorine-doped carbon nitride; electron cylcotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD); atomic force microscopy (AFM); electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA); Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; optical constants AB Carbon nitride films were deposited on a variety of substrates by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using halogenated hydrocarbon precursors in a high-density-nitrogen plasma. With the proper deposition conditions, the chlorine-doped carbon nitride films are conformal, extremely smooth and uniform over large areas. Deposition rates in the 5-kilowatt ECR-CVD chamber of up to ten microns per hour over a four-inch-diameter substrate have been demonstrated. Low-melting substrates like plastics and low-melting glasses have been coated because the deposition temperatures can be kept below 100 degrees C in the streaming plasma of the ECR-CVD. Aim microstructure and chemical composition were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Auger spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Preliminary results indicate that the carbon nitride coatings deposited using halogenated-hydrocarbon precursors contain less than ten atomic percent chlorine and very little carbon-hydrogen bonding. One set of experimental conditions resulted in the deposition of 100-micron-size crystallites on a glass substrate. RP Johnson, LF (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CODE 4B1100D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2475-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3060 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.277063 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ21Y UT WOS:A1997BJ21Y00004 ER PT B AU Moran, MB Johnson, LF AF Moran, MB Johnson, LF BE Tustison, RW TI Diamond-like-carbon films synthesized by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The preceding paper in these proceedings provided a detailed discussion of colloidal and crystalline-phase chlorine-doped carbon nitride (CNx:Cl) films synthesized by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) chemical vapor deposition (CVD).(1) This paper will focus on diamond-like carbon (DLC) and hydrogenated carbon-nitride (CNx:H) films deposited by ECR-CVD in either a nitrogen- or an argon-high-density plasma using one of the following hydrocarbon precursors; trichlorethylene, tetrachloroethylene, neopentane or ethylene, For clarity, results and discussions for the CNx:Cl deposits will be presented again. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy will show that the ECR-CVD experiments so far have resulted in four distinctly different chemical compositions; CNx:Cl, CNx:H, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) and chlorine-doped amorphous carbon (a-C:Cl). The a-C:H films deposited from neopentane and. nitrogen have the lowest refractive index and the highest bandgap. The a-C:Cl films exhibit a strong infrared peak at about 1560 cm(-1) indicating that they may contain a large amount of microcrystalline graphite. RP Moran, MB (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CODE 4B1100D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2475-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3060 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.277064 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ21Y UT WOS:A1997BJ21Y00005 ER PT J AU Mullen, LJ Herczfeld, PR Contarino, VM AF Mullen, LJ Herczfeld, PR Contarino, VM TI Hybrid lidar-radar ocean experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Successive Annual IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium/Exhibition - Bridging the Spectrum CY JUN 18-20, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE MTT Soc ID UNDERWATER AB This paper concerns a novel hybrid lidar-radar system for underwater surveillance. Simulations and laboratory measurements incorporating the hybrid detection scheme revealed a 17-dB suppression of the water backscatter signal (clutter) and corresponding target contrast enhancement. These results led to the design, implementation and testing of a lidar-radar system for ocean experimentation. Details of this system, in addition to the goals and results of the ocean experiment, are presented. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20607. RP Mullen, LJ (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV,CTR MICROWAVE LIGHTWAVE ENGN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2703 EP 2710 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA VZ141 UT WOS:A1996VZ14100055 ER PT J AU Blood, CG Odowick, MS Marks, JS AF Blood, CG Odowick, MS Marks, JS TI Simulation of casualty sustainment during naval combat operations SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE casualty modeling; medical planning; shipboard casualties; forecasting; military medicine ID ILLNESS INCIDENCE; SHIPS AB Medical resource planning for military operations requires estimates of the average daily patient flows as well as maximum and minimum daily patient loads. To this end, a medical casualty projection system for shipboard forces (SHIPCAS) has been developed. The SHIPCAS simulation system provides estimates of the numbers of ships that may be attacked in a given scenario, and then yields numbers of expected casualties. The basis of the projections are eighty naval engagements which took place during the Second World War. The statistical distributions of ship hit rates, wounded-in-action, killed-in-action, and disease and non-battle injuries incidence were analyzed by battle intensity, weapon system, and ship type. Simulated data reflect the salient characteristics of empirical data in terms of number and distributions of ship attacks, ship type hit distributions, and weapon-specific casualty sustainment. The casualty estimates from the simulation results may be used as input for medical resource planning projections. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,NEWTON CTR,MA 02159. RP Blood, CG (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,MED INFORMAT SYST & OPERAT RES DEPT,OPERAT RES DIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD DEC PY 1996 VL 67 IS 6 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1177/003754979606700602 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WJ294 UT WOS:A1996WJ29400001 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Coate, BD Anderson, CM Kang, HK Berg, SW Wignall, FS Knoke, JD BarrettConnor, E AF Gray, GC Coate, BD Anderson, CM Kang, HK Berg, SW Wignall, FS Knoke, JD BarrettConnor, E TI The postwar hospitalization experience of US veterans of the Persian Gulf War SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; NAVY PERSONNEL; DESERT-STORM; RECRUITS; HEALTH AB Background Since the Persian Gulf War ended in 1991, many veterans of that conflict have reported diverse, unexplained symptoms. To evaluate the health of Gulf War veterans, we studied their postwar hospitalization experience and compared it with that of other military personnel serving at the same time who did not go to the Persian Gulf. Methods Using a retrospective cohort approach and data from Department of Defense hospitals, we studied hospitalizations of 547,076 veterans of the Gulf War who were serving in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force and 618,335 other veterans from the same era who did not serve in the Persian Gulf. Using multivariate logistic-regression models, we analyzed risk factors for hospitalization both overall and in 14 broad diagnostic categories during three periods from August 1991 through September 1993 (a total of 45 comparisons). Results After the war, the overall odds ratio for hospitalization of the Gulf War veterans was not higher than that of the other veterans, even after adjustment for selection effects related to deployment. In 16 of the 42 comparisons involving specific diagnoses, the risk of hospitalization among Gulf War veterans differed significantly from that among other veterans. Among these 16 comparisons, Gulf War veterans were at higher risk in 5: neoplasms (largely benign) during 1991, diseases of the genitourinary system during 1991, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs (mostly forms of anemia) during 1992, and mental disorders during both 1992 and 1993. The differences were not consistent over time and could be accounted for by deferred care, postwar pregnancies, and postwar stress. Conclusions During the two years after the Persian Gulf War, there was no excess of unexplained hospitalization among Americans who remained on active duty after serving in that conflict. (C) 1996, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. USN,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,NORFOLK,VA. NAVAL MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,EMERGING ILLNESS RES TEAM,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 41 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 14 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 20 BP 1505 EP 1513 DI 10.1056/NEJM199611143352007 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT340 UT WOS:A1996VT34000007 PM 8890103 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Hervig, LK Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Hervig, LK Milner, JS TI Childhood parenting experiences, intimate partner conflict resolution, and adult risk for child physical abuse SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child abuse risk; childhood abuse; intimate partner violence ID ALCOHOLISM SCREENING-TEST; POTENTIAL INVENTORY; DATING VIOLENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; AGGRESSION; COURTSHIP; TACTICS; MALTREATMENT; PREDICTION; PATTERNS AB This study investigated the relationships between conflict resolution tactics experienced during childhood, intimate partner conflict resolution tactics, alcohol problems, and adult child physical abuse risk. Participants were 1,544 Navy recruit trainees who volunteered to complete measures of parenting practices and spousal physical violence experienced during their childhood, the conflict resolution techniques used in their intimate relationships, their personal history of alcohol problems, and child physical abuse potential. Regression analyses indicated that the receipt of intimate partner physical violence accounted for the most variance in predicting who would inflict physical violence against an intimate partner; and the infliction of intimate partner physical violence accounted for the most variance in predicting who would receive physical violence from an intimate partner. Other analyses indicated that among the parent and intimate partner physically violent events, parent-child violence experienced during childhood accounted for the most variance in explaining child abuse risk in females and males, with the infliction of intimate partner violence adding only to the prediction of child abuse risk in females. Analyses also revealed that after the effects of violent experiences were removed, alcohol problems contributed significantly, albeit very modestly, to the prediction of who expressed intimate partner physical violence for males and females, who was physically injured by an intimate partner (in the case of male injury), and who was at risk of child physical abuse for males and females. C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT HUMAN PERFORMANCE,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,DE KALB,IL. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,MED INFORMAT SYST & OPERAT RES DEPT,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1049 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/0145-2134(96)00094-4 PG 17 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA VQ740 UT WOS:A1996VQ74000005 PM 8958455 ER PT J AU Shappell, SA Kearns, GL Valentine, JL Neri, DF DeJohn, CA AF Shappell, SA Kearns, GL Valentine, JL Neri, DF DeJohn, CA TI Chronopharmacokinetics and chronopharmacodynamics of dextromethamphetamine in man SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCADIAN VARIATION; METHAMPHETAMINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; AMPHETAMINE; DISCRIMINATION; SCOPOLAMINE; PERFORMANCE; ETHANOL; MEMORY; HUMANS AB Stimulants, in particular the amphetamines, have been studied as countermeasures to fatigue induced by circadian desynchronosis and extended flight operations. To make recommendations concerning the use of dextromethamphetamine for operational tasks, its chronopharmacokinetic and chronopharmacodynamic profiles and influence on circadian rhythms as a countermeasure to performance deficits and fatigue were studied. Ten male volunteers, divided into two groups of five each, were given 30 mg/70 kg of oral dextromethamphetamine during two test sessions one week apart and were evaluated with cognitive (dichotic listening, pattern recognition, and compensatory tracking), subjective (fatigue scale), and physiologic (blood pressure) testing. Session order was counterbalanced with dextromethamphetamine administration at either 8:40 AM or 8:40 PM during session one and a crossover to the other time during session two. Subjective and cognitive testing was begun 1.5 hours before dextromethamphetamine administration and continued every half hour until 12.5 hours after administration. Blood pressure was measured immediately before behavioral testing. Serum and urine were collected at regular intervals for gas chromatography/mass spectrometer analysis of methamphetamine and one of its metabolites, amphetamine. No differences were found in the day-versus-night pharmacokinetic profile of dextromethamphetamine. Cognitive performance and subjective fatigue improved after daytime administration of dextromethamphetamine in comparison to performance before drug administration. This effect was suppressed during the circadian trough, which occurred approximately 8 hours into the night sessions (4:30 AM). No correlations were seen between serum concentration of methamphetamine and measured behavioral parameters. C1 USN,AIR FORCE,US ATLANTIC FLEET,NORFOLK,VA. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,SECT PEDIAT CLIN PHARMACOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR. ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,TOXICOL & THERAPEUT LAB,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,LAB CIRCADIAN & SLEEP DISORDERS MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. FAA,TOXICOL & ACCID RES LAB,CIVIL AEROMED INST,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. USN,AEROSP MED RES LAB,NAVAL AIR STN,PENSACOLA,FL. RI Neri, Dario/P-4368-2016 NR 66 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0091-2700 J9 J CLIN PHARMACOL JI J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1051 EP 1063 DI 10.1177/009127009603601109 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VZ415 UT WOS:A1996VZ41500009 PM 8973994 ER PT J AU Buono, MJ Borin, TL Sjoholm, NT Hodgdon, JA AF Buono, MJ Borin, TL Sjoholm, NT Hodgdon, JA TI Validity and reliability of a timed 5 km cycle ergometer ride to predict maximum oxygen uptake SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE exercise; timed cycle ride; fitness AB The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a timed 5 km cycle ergometer ride to predict maximum oxygen uptake (V(O2)max). Fifty-two healthy volunteers had their V-O2 max, determined during a maximal treadmill run. They also performed a timed 5 km cycle ergometer ride. The resistance setting for the cycle ride was set at a rate of 0.5 kg/20 kg body weight. A significant inverse relationship was found between the logarithm of cycle time and V-O2 max (r = -0.83). Furthermore, the test-retest reliability for the 5 km ride was determined to be r = 0.93 (n = 20). These results suggest that a timed 5 km cycle ergometer ride is a valid and reliable predictor of V-O2 max. Furthermore, the timed cycle ride offers several methodological advantages which makes it potentially useful in clinical, military, and research settings. C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXERCISE & NUTR SCI,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92138. RP Buono, MJ (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0967-3334 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 4 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/17/4/009 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA VV472 UT WOS:A1996VV47200009 PM 8953630 ER PT J AU Gong, J Volakis, JL Wang, HTG AF Gong, J Volakis, JL Wang, HTG TI Efficient finite element simulation of slot antennas using prismatic elements SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory CY MAY 23-26, 1995 CL SMOLNY INST, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Int Union Radio Sci, St Petersburg Univ HO SMOLNY INST ID ARBITRARY SHAPE; EDGE-ELEMENTS; SCATTERING; SURFACES AB A hybrid finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) simulation technique to treat narrow slot antennas etched on a planar platform is discussed. Specifically, the prismatic elements are used to reduce the redundant sampling rates and ease the mesh generation process, Numerical results for an antenna slot and frequency selective surfaces are presented in order to demonstrate the validity and capability of the technique. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. RP Gong, J (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,RADIAT LAB,1301 BEAL AVE,EECS BLDG,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1837 EP 1844 DI 10.1029/96RS02423 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA VW106 UT WOS:A1996VW10600048 ER PT J AU Creusere, CD Mitra, SK AF Creusere, CD Mitra, SK TI Image coding using wavelets based on perfect reconstruction IIR filter banks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBBAND; DESIGN AB This paper re-examines modulated polyphase filter banks which use reverse-time subfilters to achieve perfect reconstruction and studies their performance for image coding when used to form a wavelet decomposition, To code the wavelet coefficients, we use the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) algorithm developed by Shapiro which is reasonably simple and yet achieves very good rate-distortion performance. The problem of eliminating filter transients is thoroughly studied here and optimal results are derived in both the absence and presence of subband coefficient quantization, Using this analysis as a starting point, we develop a new method of coding the filter states (required to eliminate edge transients) for transmission to the receiver which efficiently exploits interscale redundancy and is easily incorporated into the zerotree algorithm, Comparing this direct transmission method to circular convolution, we find that it achieves superior rate-distortion performance in a wide range of cases, Coding comparisons between two infinite impulse response (IIR) wavelets and a number of biorthogonal wavelets are presented here. These comparisons indicate that the performance of the polyphase allpass wavelet is comparable to that of the best finite impulse response (FIR) biorthogonal wavelets with considerably reduced computational complexity. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, WEAP DIV, CHINA LAKE, CA 93555 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8215 EI 1558-2205 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 6 IS 5 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1109/76.538927 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA VL233 UT WOS:A1996VL23300004 ER PT J AU Herrin, VE Gray, GC AF Herrin, VE Gray, GC TI Decreasing rates of hospitalization for varicella among young adults SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; MARINE CORPS; RECRUITS; VACCINE; COMPLICATIONS; POPULATION; NAVY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Hospitalizations for varicella-zoster virus infection (n = 13,018) among active-duty Navy and Marine Corps personnel were studied retrospectively for the years 1981-1994. A large increase in hospitalization rates occurred during the 1980s, peaking in 1987 with 2025 total hospitalizations and a crude rate of 258/100,000 persons. Since that time, hospitalization rates have decreased markedly, with only 473 hospitalizations in 1994 (rate, 74/100,000 persons). In unconditional logistic regression risk factor modeling for varicella hospitalization, personnel at highest risk of hospitalization had foreign homes of record, were most junior in rank, had less than or equal to 2 years of military service, were Filipino or black, were male, and served in the Navy. Adjusted risk of hospitalization fell >2-fold from 1987 -1988 to 1993-1994. These finding may assist military public health officials in developing strategies to prevent varicella morbidity. C1 USN,EMERGING ILLNESS RES TEAM,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,MED CTR,DEPT MED,JACKSON,MS 39216. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 174 IS 4 BP 835 EP 838 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VK045 UT WOS:A1996VK04500022 PM 8843224 ER PT J AU Hurtado, SL Conway, TL AF Hurtado, SL Conway, TL TI Changes in smoking prevalence following a strict no-smoking policy in US Navy recruit training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; BAN; ATTITUDES; CESSATION AB This study examined 449 U.S. Navy recruits who reported that they were current smokers upon entering Navy recruit training, Recruits were prohibited from using tobacco for the duration of the 8 weeks of basic training, Participants completed tobacco surveys at entry into the Navy, upon graduation from recruit training, and after 1 year of service, Forty percent of the smokers at entry into the Navy changed their classification to former smokers at the end of recruit training, At the 1-year follow-up, 19% of the initial smokers classified themselves as former smokers, Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that having a higher intent to quit was predictive of reporting oneself as a former smoker at recruit training graduation. Smoking fewer cigarettes per day at entry into the Navy and more years of regular tobacco use were predictive of reporting oneself as a former smoker at the 1-year follow-up, Findings from this study suggested a meaningful impact of the Navy's no-smoking policy during recruit training in reducing smoking prevalence. RP Hurtado, SL (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 161 IS 10 BP 571 EP 576 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VN509 UT WOS:A1996VN50900001 PM 8918116 ER PT J AU Hodgdon, JA Friedl, KE Beckett, MB Westphal, KA Shippee, RL AF Hodgdon, JA Friedl, KE Beckett, MB Westphal, KA Shippee, RL TI Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements as predictors of physical performance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National-Institutes-of-Health-Technology-Assessment Conference on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Body Composition Measurement CY DEC 12-14, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIDDKD, NIH, Off Med Applicat Res, NICHHD, NIA, NHLBI, USDA DE strength testing; bioelectrical impedance analysis; body composition; skinfold thickness; fat-free mass; military personnel; physical classification and selection tests ID FAT-FREE MASS; BODY-FAT; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; YOUNG MEN; DENSITY AB Through its association with fat-free mass (FFM), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) offers an alternative to physical performance testing. We examined the relations between stature(2)/resistance (S-2/R), FFM, and muscular strength in data from three studies of young military men and women. Resistance was measured at 50 kHz by using the conventional tetrapolar electrode method. FFM was based on skinfold thicknesses, and estimated with the regression equations of Durnin and Womersley. Strength was measured as a one-repetition maximum on an incremental lift test (IL1RM), which is widely used by the military services to predict overall body strength. Although there was an association between IL1RM and S-2/R in each of these studies (correlations ranged from 0.35 to 0.53), correlations were strongest between FFM and S-2/R (R = 0.53 to 0.85), indicating that BIA and FFM derived from skinfold thicknesses are better correlated with each other than are the relations of either of these with physical performance. Modest increases in FFM and strength in one 8-wk training study correlated with S-2/R; however, large decreases in FFM and strength in another study (with weight losses of 10 kg in 8 wk) were not reflected by changes in S-2/R. Thus, BIA is not particularly useful for performance prediction despite its moderate relation to FFM. BIA is especially problematic with large changes in body composition, for which there are apparent deviations in hydration status; expedient methods such as skinfold predictions will be more resistant to such effects. C1 USA, ENVIRONM MED RES INST, OCCUPAT HLTH & PERFORMANCE DIRECTORATE, NATICK, MA 01760 USA. RP USN, HLTH RES CTR, DEPT HUMAN PERFORMANCE, POB 85122, SAN DIEGO, CA 92186 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 64 IS 3 SU S BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VE984 UT WOS:A1996VE98400012 ER PT J AU Qi, J Angerer, W Yeganeh, MS Yodh, AG Theis, WM AF Qi, J Angerer, W Yeganeh, MS Yodh, AG Theis, WM TI Midgap states observed by nonlinear optical spectroscopy of metal:GaAs junctions SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces (ICFSI-5) CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL PRINCETON, NJ SP Princeton Univ, Adv Technol Ctr Photon & Optoelectr Mat, David Sarnoff Res Ctr, Epitaxx, Evans East, IBM, Int Rectifier Corp, US, Off Naval Res, Oxford Instruments Inc, Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Sensors Unlimited, W Windsor Plainsboro H S German Club ID ELECTRON-EMISSION MICROSCOPY; BAND-GAP STATES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; SCHOTTKY BARRIERS; INTERFACE; SURFACES; STOICHIOMETRY; HETEROEPITAXY; GAAS(110); DEFECTS AB We present detailed second-order nonlinear optical spectroscopic studies of the interface electronic structure in metal:GaAs thin films and interfaces. The interface spectra from Au:GaAs, Ga-rich n-type systems exhibit two resonance features in the near infrared at 0.715 eV and 0.731 eV. A single resonance feature at 0.715 eV is observed in Au:GaAs, As-rich n-type interfaces. Similar single resonance features at 0.715 eV were observed in As:GaAs n-type samples. No resonances however were observed in oxide:GaAs and metal:GaAs p-type systems, All of the spectral features are sharp one-photon resonances. They provide compelling evidence for the existence and symmetry of atomic displacement-induced defect states just below the buried interface. C1 USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, CHINA LAKE, CA 93555 USA. RP Qi, J (reprint author), UNIV PENN, DEPT PHYS, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 104 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(96)00143-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA VR573 UT WOS:A1996VR57300030 ER PT J AU Garland, FC Garland, CF Doyle, EJ Balazs, LL Levine, R Pugh, WM Gorham, ED AF Garland, FC Garland, CF Doyle, EJ Balazs, LL Levine, R Pugh, WM Gorham, ED TI Carpal tunnel syndrome and occupation in U.S. Navy enlisted personnel SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES-NAVY; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; UPPER-EXTREMITY; EXPOSURE; WORK AB The objectives of this study were to (a) describe demographic factors associated with high rates of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), cubital tunnel syndrome, and other neuritis of the arm and hand, and (2) identify the high-risk occupations associated with these disorders in the Navy. Computerized records of first hospitalizations of all active-duty Navy-enlisted personnel were searched for all cases of CTS, cubital tunnel syndrome, and other neuritis of the arm and hand (ICD-9 CM codes 354.0-354.9) during 1980-1988. There were 1 039 first hospitalizations (including 493 cases of CTS) for all neuritis of the arm and hand in 4 095 708 person-years in men and 186 first hospitalizations (including 90 cases of CTS) in 365 668 person-years in women. Incidence rates of hospitalized cases with CTS rose with age for both sexes. Rates in white women were approximately three times those in white men (p < .0001), but rates in black women were not significantly different from those in black men. Rates of cubital tunnel syndrome also increased with age in both sexes and were higher in white women than white men (p < .05). Occupations with significantly high standardized incidence ratios (p < .05) for CTS in men included aviation-support equipment technician, engineman, hull-maintenance technician, boatswain's mate, and machinist's mate. In women, occupations with significantly high standardized incidence ratios included boatswain's mate, engineman, hospital corpsman, ocean-systems technician, and personnelman. Several occupations for each sex had significantly high standardized incidence ratios for cubital tunnel syndrome, with high rates in hospital corpsmen of both sexes (p < .05). Gender and race differences according to occupation did not account for the occupations at highest risk. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which CTS and related disorders could be prevented by modifying the motions currently performed in occupations with the highest standardized incidence ratios. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT COMMUNITY & FAMILY MED,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. USN,HLTH RES CTR,MED INFORMAT SYST & OPERAT RES DEPT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT MATH,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Garland, FC (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 51 IS 5 BP 395 EP 407 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VQ187 UT WOS:A1996VQ18700008 PM 8896390 ER PT J AU Hill, CW Gedridge, RW Groshens, TJ Stringfellow, GB Sadwick, LP AF Hill, CW Gedridge, RW Groshens, TJ Stringfellow, GB Sadwick, LP TI Low-pressure pyrolysis studies of a new phosphorus precursor: Tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino)phosphine SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE phosphorous precursor; pyrolysis studies; tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino) phosphine ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TERTIARYBUTYLPHOSPHINE; DECOMPOSITION; PHOSPHINE; GROWTH; INP AB The low pressure decomposition of tertiarybutylbis(dimethylamino) phosphine, (t-Bu)P(NMe(2))(2), (TBBDMAP), has been studied on quartz and deposited GaP and InP surfaces. This new phosphorus precursor has been found to pyrolyze on quartz surfaces at much lower temperatures than the related compounds tertiarybutylphosphine, (t-Bu)PH2, (TBP) and tris(dimethylamino)phosphorus, P(NMe(2))(3), (TDMAP). In contrast to the results obtained for TDMAP, GaP and InP surfaces decrease the decomposition temperature of TBBDMAP only slightly. The TBBDMAP reaction products were dimethylamine, methylmethyleneimine, and isobutylene, consistent with previous pyrolysis studies of TBP and TDMAP. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT ELECT ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV WEAP,CHEM & MAT BRANCH,RES & TECHNOL DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. RP Hill, CW (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1434 EP 1438 DI 10.1007/BF02655379 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA VJ504 UT WOS:A1996VJ50400004 ER PT J AU Chun, YS Stringfellow, GB Gedridge, RW AF Chun, YS Stringfellow, GB Gedridge, RW TI Co-pyrolysis of DIPSbH and TMIn SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE co-pyrolysis; DIPSbH; TMIn ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DECOMPOSITION MECHANISMS; GROWTH; TRIMETHYLGALLIUM; TRIMETHYLINDIUM; HYDRIDE; MOVPE AB The reaction mechanisms for the pyrolysis of diisopropylantimonyhydride (DIPSbH, (C3H7)(2)SbH) alone and for the co-pyrolysis df DIPSbH and trimethylindium (TMIn, (CH3)(3)In) in D-2 and H-2 ambients have been studied in an isothermal flow-tube, ''ersatz'' reactor using mass spectrometry to analyze the reaction products. The rate limiting step in the pyrolysis of DIPSbH alone is the reductive coupling reaction, producing C3H8. Additional products are C3H6 and C6H14 produced by disproportionation and recombination reactions, respectively, of C3H7 radicals produced during the second stage of DIPSbH pyrolysis. The mixture of DIPSbH with TMIn produces a nonvolatile adduct on the quartz walls immediately after mixing in the reactor even at room temperature. No products were evolved at room temperature. However, for reactor temperatures between 100 and 200 degrees C, an alkane elimination reaction occurs, producing CH4. The remaining solid product is postulated to be [(CH3)(2)InSb(C3H7)(2)](n) (n = 2 or 3). For temperatures greater than 200 degrees C, the DIPSbH begins to pyrolyze independently. This temperature for the onset of DIPSbH pyrolysis is considerably above the. temperature (125 degrees C) at which pyrolysis begins for DIPSbH alone. This suggests that during co-pyrolysis formation of the adduct retards pyrolysis of DIPSbH. Apparently, dissociation of the adduct is necessary before the DIPSbH can pyrolyze independently. Co-pyrolysis of DIPSbH and TMIn between 250 and 375 degrees C produces (C3H7)Sb(CH3)(2) and (CH3)(3)Sb. Neither is found for the pyrolysis of DIPSbH alone. Considerably larger amounts of C2H6 are also detected at low temperatures (less than or equal to 300 degrees C). The ethane may come from the [(CH3)(2)InSb(C3H7)(2)](n) via an intramolecular alkane elimination reaction. The high carbon contamination levels reported for InSb samples grown by OMVPE using these precursors at 300 and 325 degrees C are postulated to be caused by the formation of (C3H7)Sb(CH3)(2) during the co-pyrolysis of DIPSbH and TMIn, but not during the pyrolysis of each precursor alone. C1 NAVAL AIR SYST COMMAND HEADQUARTERS,NAVAL AIR SYST COMMAND,ARLINGTON,VA 22243. RP Chun, YS (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1539 EP 1544 DI 10.1007/BF02655396 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA VJ504 UT WOS:A1996VJ50400021 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Wright, AO Morrison, CA Wortman, DE Gruber, JB Filer, ED AF Seltzer, MD Wright, AO Morrison, CA Wortman, DE Gruber, JB Filer, ED TI Optical spectra, energy levels and branching ratios of trivalent dysprosium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE optical materials; crystal fields; optical properties ID INTENSITY CALCULATIONS; THULIUM IONS AB Absorption spectra of trivalent dysprosium ions in yttrium scandium gallium garnet are reported between 2.9 and 0.4 mu m at 4 K. Laser-excited fluorescence was observed at 4 K for transitions between the F-4(9/2) manifold and several of the lower-lying H-6(J) and F-6(J) manifolds. A crystal-field splitting calculation was carried out in which a parametrized Hamiltonian (including Coulombic, spin-orbit, and crystal field terms in D-2 symmetry) was diagonalized for selected manifolds of the Dy3+ (4f(9)) configuration. The RMS deviation between 69 experimental and calculated Stark levels was 8 cm(-1). Calculations were carried out to predict branching ratios for emission from the F-4(9/2) manifold. C1 USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SAN JOSE,CA 95192. NORFOLK STATE UNIV,CTR MAT RES,NORFOLK,VA 23504. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN,WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 1996 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(95)00248-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA VC879 UT WOS:A1996VC87900001 ER PT J AU Conway, TL Woodruff, SL Hurtado, SL AF Conway, TL Woodruff, SL Hurtado, SL TI Navy health care provider attitudes and practices concerning patient tobacco use SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS ADVICE; STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL; SMOKING CESSATION; UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHYSICIAN INTERVENTION; TRAINING PHYSICIANS; PRIVATE PRACTICES; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB This study surveyed 2,287 U.S. Navy health care providers (HCPs) regarding patient-care practices and attitudes related to tobacco use. Almost 80% of HCPs reported that they usually asked new patients about tobacco use, Of 11 recommended practices, two-thirds to three-quarters of HCPs engaged in only 4 behaviors with most or all of their tobacco-using patients: advise patients to stop, advise pregnant users of health risks to the fetus, inform patients of benefits of quitting, and explain dangers of using tobacco, Other recommended cessation strategies were not performed regularly (e.g., assist patients in setting quit date, develop cessation plan, provide self-help materials, make referrals to cessation programs, prescribe nicotine gum, or arrange follow-up visits), It is recommended that concerted efforts be made to train all military HCPs (e.g., physicians, dentists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) to use the National Cancer Institute's ''Four A's'' approach for patient tobacco cessation, and that strong organizational support to implement these procedures be provided. C1 USN, HLTH RES CTR, HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL RES DEPT, SAN DIEGO, CA 92186 USA. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 161 IS 9 BP 510 EP 520 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF858 UT WOS:A1996VF85800004 PM 8840790 ER PT J AU Nice, DS Garland, CF Hilton, SM Baggett, JC Mitchell, RE AF Nice, DS Garland, CF Hilton, SM Baggett, JC Mitchell, RE TI Long-term health outcomes and medical effects of torture among US navy prisoners of war in Vietnam SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REQUIRING PROLONGED OBSERVATION; FOLLOW-UP; FORMER PRISONERS; PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; ERA PRISONER; MORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; JAPANESE AB Objective.-To characterize incidence of illnesses and injuries from 1979 to 1993 in former naval aviator prisoners of war (POWs) from the Vietnam War and a comparison group of naval aviators from the same war. Design.-Cohort analytic study. Setting.-A US Navy primary care clinic. Participants.-Volunteer sample consisting of 70 former naval aviator POWs (white men, aged 47 to 69 years in 1993) and a comparison group of 55 naval aviators who served in Vietnam but were not POWs, matched on race, age, marital status, education, rank, year of entry into the navy, and pilot status, Subjects participated in an annual health screening program. This study reports data sampled on a biennial basis from subjects screened both in 1979 and 1993. Main Outcome Measure.-Medically diagnosed incidence of illness and injury based on a standard protocol. Results.-POWs had higher incidence rates than the comparison group did of disorders of the peripheral nervous system (relative risk [RR], 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-25.9: P<.001). joints (RR, 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-2.0; P<.006), and back (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0-3.0; P<.037). These findings also were statistically significant according to Kaplan-Meier survival analyses that included 131 (95%) of 138 POWs and 115 (83%) of the 138 members of the comparison group. Survival analyses revealed that, in addition to these disorders, POWs had higher hazard rates of peptic ulcer (P<.01). Conclusions.-During captivity, ropes, ratchet handcuffs, leg irons, or stocks were used to put tightly constrictive pressure around the extremities of POWs as a means of torture, resulting in painful ischemia and subsequent neuropathies. Being a former POW was associated with increased cumulative incidence rates of chronic disorders of the peripheral nervous system. joints, and back and an increased hazard rate of peptic ulcer. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,SAN DIEGO,CA. USN,AEROSP & OPERAT MED INST,PENSACOLA,FL. RP Nice, DS (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. RI Hilton, Susan/A-3324-2009 NR 49 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 7 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 5 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1001/jama.276.5.375 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA UZ776 UT WOS:A1996UZ77600018 PM 8683815 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI Optical switching with a nonlinear photonic crystal: A numerical study SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS; SOLITONS AB A nonlinear finite-difference time-domain method was used to investigate optical switching mechanisms with a nonlinear photonic crystal and with two electromagnetic pulses with different frequencies. It was found that the mechanism based on the shifting of the band edge required the detector to discriminate between the pump and the probe frequencies, whereas that based on frequency mixing did not. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,RES & TECHNOL DIV,WEAP DIV,CODE 474400D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 7 TC 133 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1996 VL 21 IS 15 BP 1138 EP 1140 DI 10.1364/OL.21.001138 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA UZ825 UT WOS:A1996UZ82500016 PM 19876278 ER PT J AU Caffee, L Keller, P AF Caffee, L Keller, P TI Improved thermal imaging cameras boost weapons testing capability SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article RP Caffee, L (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,METR & TSPI DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 30 IS 8 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA VB784 UT WOS:A1996VB78400035 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI Exact numerical simulation of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and its integral SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COLORED NOISE; DRIVEN AB A numerical simulation algorithm that is exact for any time step Delta t > 0 is derived for the Ornsiein-Uhlenbeck process X(t) and its time integral Y(t). The algorithm allows one to make efficient, unapproximated simulations of, for instance, the velocity and position components of a particle undergoing Brownian motion, and the electric current and transported charge in a simple R-L circuit, provided appropriate valuer; are assigned to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck relaxation time tau and diffusion constant c. A simple Taylor expansion in Delta t of the exact simulation formulas shows how the first-order simulation formulas, which are implicit ir, the Langevin equation for X(t) and the defining equation for Y(t), are modified in second order. The exact simulation algorithm is used here to illustrate the zero-tau limit theorem. RP USN, RES & TECHNOL DIV, AIR WARFARE CTR, CHINA LAKE, CA 93555 USA. NR 19 TC 164 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1996 VL 54 IS 2 BP 2084 EP 2091 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.54.2084 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA VD674 UT WOS:A1996VD67400134 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Jung, TP Bell, AJ Ghahremani, D Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Jung, TP Bell, AJ Ghahremani, D Sejnowski, TJ TI Blind separation of event-related brain response components SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. SALK INST BIOL STUDIES,SAN DIEGO,CA 92138. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC PSYCHOPHYSIOL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 1010 VERMONT AVE NW SUITE 1100, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD AUG PY 1996 VL 33 SU 1 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA VF577 UT WOS:A1996VF57700230 ER PT J AU Elson, JM Tran, P AF Elson, JM Tran, P TI Coupled-mode calculation with the R-matrix propagator for the dispersion of surface waves on a truncated photonic crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION AB We describe a modal expansion method with an R-matrix propagation algorithm that can be applied to calculate the dispersion of surface and guided waves supported by a finite thickness photonic crystal. Easy to implement, the R matrix has the advantage of inherent numerical stability and allows photonic crystals of complex structure, which are many waves in thickness to be analyzed. This method is also computationally simpler that the supercell method when looking for surface modes. It can also be applied to many other dispersion problems including multilayer gratings and waveguides with internal structure. We apply this method to calculate dispersion of surface waves supported by a slablike photonic crystal structure, which consists of several rows of an infinitely periodic array of square dielectric cylinders. In the bulk, the periodic array has a photonic band gap and for the finite thickness structure, we calculate dispersion of surface waves that propagate along the boundaries at frequencies within the band gap. We vary the thickness of the cylinders in the outer layer and calculate the change in dispersion. When the overall thickness of the photonic slab is decreased, coupling and splitting between surface modes at each interface is observed. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,RES & TECHNOL DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1996 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1711 EP 1715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.1711 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UZ861 UT WOS:A1996UZ86100054 ER PT J AU VanDyken, RD Ekaterinaris, JA Chandrasekhara, MS Platzer, MF AF VanDyken, RD Ekaterinaris, JA Chandrasekhara, MS Platzer, MF TI Analysis of compressible light dynamic stall flow at transitional Reynolds numbers SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIRFOILS AB Numerical and experimental results of steady and light dynamic stall flow over an oscillating NACA 0012 airfoil at a freestream Mach number of 0.3 and Reynolds number of 0.54 x 10(6) are compared, The experimental observation that dynamic stall is induced from the bursting of a laminar separation bubble points to the role of transition in influencing the flow development. Its modeling, including the changes in transition onset location and transition length with increase in airfoil angle of attack, is critical for computing the dynamic stall flow properly. In this study, the transition onset point is specified suitably and a simple transition length model is incorporated to determine the extent of the laminar separation bubble. The thin-layer approximations of compressible, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations are used for the numerical solution, with an implicit, upwind-biased, third-order-accurate scheme for the numerical integration. Remarkably good agreement with experiments is obtained in steady flow for the pressure and velocity distributions near the leading edge. Oscillatory airfoil how results compare favorably on the upstroke, but on the downstroke, the computations do not predict the light stall and vorticity shedding that were observed experimentally. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP VanDyken, RD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1420 EP 1427 DI 10.2514/3.13248 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA UV574 UT WOS:A1996UV57400014 ER PT J AU Garland, FC Garland, CF Gorham, ED Brodine, SK Tauber, WB Daniell, FD Oldfield, EC Carl, M Weiss, P Paperello, S Malone, J Malone, J Wallace, M Zajdowicz, T Zajdowicz, M Kennedy, C Olson, P Hall, FW Garst, P Newton, B Fallon, A AF Garland, FC Garland, CF Gorham, ED Brodine, SK Tauber, WB Daniell, FD Oldfield, EC Carl, M Weiss, P Paperello, S Malone, J Malone, J Wallace, M Zajdowicz, T Zajdowicz, M Kennedy, C Olson, P Hall, FW Garst, P Newton, B Fallon, A TI Western Blot banding patterns of HIV rapid progressors in the US Navy Seropositive Cohort: Implications for vaccine development SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; Western blotting; CD4+ lymphocyte count; HIV antibodies; AIDS vaccines; cohort studies ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RETROVIRUSES HTLV-III; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; UNITED-STATES-NAVY; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; MARINE-CORPS; INFECTION; AIDS; SEROCONVERSION AB Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is progressive, the rate of decline in CD4+ lymphocyte counts varies. The role of immune system components in limiting HIV infection has yet to be defined, but a previous report on the U.S. Navy HIV Seropositive Cohort reported that strong reactivity in the anti-p55 (core precursor), p24 (core) and p53 (reverse transcriptase) Western blot bands was associated with higher CD4+ lymphocyte counts at the first clinical evaluation for HIV. The previous report examined the cross-sectional association between Western blot banding patterns and initial CD4+ lymphocyte counts. This report examines the association between these banding patterns in individuals who progressed rapidly as compared with patterns of patients who did not, based on their trends in repeated CD4+ lymphocyte counts as a marker of progression. Rapid and slower progressors were identified from a cohort of 3414 Navy and Marine Corps personnel who had a first positive HIV Western blot during 1986-1991. For purposes of this study, rapid progressors were defined as individuals whose CD4+ lymphocyte counts declined to < 500 cell/mm(3) within 1 year of seroconversion. A total of 325 individuals met these criteria. A comparison group of 63 slower progressors also was identified; this group consisted of those whose CD4+ lymphocyte counts remained at greater than or equal to 500 cells/mm(3) for a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after their first positive Western blot. Rapid progressors were slightly younger than slower progressors and were more likely to be never married but did not differ significantly from slower progressors in race or sex. Rapid progressors had weaker reactivity in the anti-p55 core precursor (P < 0.0001), p15 core (P < 0.01), gp41 transmembrane (P < 0.01) and p31 endonuclease (P < 0.05) bands on the Western blot. The odds ratio for rapid Progressor status associated with weak or absent reactivity was 7.8 in the anti-p55 band and ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 in the anti-p31, p15, and gp41 bands. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, race, and sex. The p55 association persisted in repeated Western blots during routine clinical evaluation during a period of 5 years after the first positive Western blot. It was concluded that several possible explanations may account for the weaker reactivity of rapid progressors: (i) weak anti-p55 reactivity might have been a marker of early immune system damage; (ii) high concentrations of p55 or related proteins in the serum may have bound the available anti-p55 antibodies in rapid progressors, making them difficult to identify on the Western blot; or (iii) lack of anti-p55, p15, gp41, or p31 reactivity might have allowed more rapid progression. Ann Epidemiol 1996; 6:341-347. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP Garland, FC (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL,DIV EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 6 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(96)00053-1 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VF009 UT WOS:A1996VF00900012 PM 8876845 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Jung, TP AF Makeig, S Jung, TP TI Tonic, phasic, and transient EEG correlates of auditory awareness in drowsiness SO COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EEG sleep; auditory perception; theta; gamma; spindle; ERP ID OSCILLATIONS; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS; SPECTRUM AB During drowsiness, human performance in responding to above-threshold auditory targets tends to vary irregularly over periods of 4 min and longer. These performance fluctuations are accompanied by distinct changes in the frequency spectrum of the electroencephalogram (EEG) on three time scales: (1) during minute-scale and longer periods of intermittent responding, mean activity levels in the (< 4 Hz) delta and (4-6 Hz) theta bands, and at the sleep spindle frequency (14 Hz) are higher than during alert performance. (2) In most subjects, 4-6 Hz theta EEG activity begins to increase, and gamma band activity above 35 Hz begins to decrease, about 10 s before presentations of undetected targets, while before detected targets, 4-6 Hz amplitude decreases and gamma band amplitude increases. Both these amplitude differences last 15-20 s and occur in parallel with event-related cycles in target detection probability. In the same periods, alpha and sleep-spindle frequency amplitudes also show prominent 15-20 a cycles, but these are not phase locked to performance cycles. (3) A second or longer after undetected targets, amplitude at intermediate (10-25 Hz) frequencies decreases briefly, while detected targets are followed by a transient amplitude increase in the same latency and frequency range. C1 SALK INST BIOL STUDIES,COMP NEUROBIOL LAB,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. USN,HLTH RES CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 29 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6410 J9 COGNITIVE BRAIN RES JI Cognit. Brain Res. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 4 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0926-6410(95)00042-9 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Neuroimaging SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA UV492 UT WOS:A1996UV49200002 ER PT J AU Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Gedridge, RW AF Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Gedridge, RW TI Tellurium doping of InP using triisopropylindium-diisopropyltellurium (TIPIn-DIPTe) SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Chemical Beam Epitaxy and Related Growth Techniques (ICCBE-5) CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO AB Triisopropylindium-diisopropyltellurium (TrPIn-DIPTe) has been investigated as an alternative n-type dopant for InP. TIPIn-DIPTe was used to provide n-type doping in InP with electron concentrations as high as 1.4 x 10(20) cm(-3). The Te concentration was found to be linear with TIPIn-DIPTe flux. Increasing V/III ratio was found to decrease Te incorporation. Good electrical activation was obtained for all growth conditions. The Te was found to surface segregate during growth at temperatures above 450 degrees C. However, growth temperatures below 450 degrees C show excellent interfacial abruptness over a range of doping concentrations. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. RP Antonell, MJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL PY 1996 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(95)01020-3 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA UY960 UT WOS:A1996UY96000067 ER PT J AU Shepherd, SL LaFleur, BJ AF Shepherd, SL LaFleur, BJ TI The increased incidence on Mondays of work-related sprains and strains SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Insurance-industry researchers have shown and increase on Mondays of lost-time sprain and strains said to be work-related, but thought to be fraudulent claims for off-the-job weekend injuries. We examined this issue among civilian employees of the Department of the Navy, using data from claims for injuries occurring between 1989 and 1994. We found that the rate of Monday sprains and strains significantly exceeded the expected rate and that such claims were significantly more likely to be made by claimants who were craftsmen and mechanics, who reported an injury to the back or trunk, who were supervisors, or who did not have college degrees. We estimate that 22% of claims for Monday-occurring sprains and strains are possibly fraudulent and that their cost to the Department of the Navy during the 6 years studied was $38 million. For the entire federal government, costs for such claims during this period may have exceeded $250 million. RP Shepherd, SL (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,MED INFORMAT SYST & OPERAT RES DEPT CODE 22,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 38 IS 7 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.1097/00043764-199607000-00010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UX852 UT WOS:A1996UX85200006 PM 8823658 ER PT J AU Galarneau, MR Wilcox, WW AF Galarneau, MR Wilcox, WW TI A system for tracking patients at forward medical treatment facilities SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A computerized, prototype patient tracking system, designed for a forward medical treatment facility (MTF), was developed and tested. The system, named MEDTRAK, was tested in a side-by-side comparative evaluation with the current manual method of patient tracking, Results of the evaluation showed that the MEDTRAK system admitted, identified, and tracked patients within the MTF significantly more accurately than did the current manual system, Furthermore, the types of tracking errors produced by the manual system were found to be more detrimental to both the effective operation of the MTF and to the discharge of theater evacuation policy than were those produced by the MEDTRAK system. In addition to improved patient accountability, the MEDTRAK system reduced the administrative burden that patient tracking placed on medical personnel, thereby allowing them to perform clinical duties. RP Galarneau, MR (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 161 IS 7 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA UW855 UT WOS:A1996UW85500002 PM 8754708 ER PT J AU Linnville, SE Elliott, FS Larson, GE AF Linnville, SE Elliott, FS Larson, GE TI Event-related potentials as indices of subclinical neurological differences in HIV patients during rapid decision making SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POSITIVE EVOKED-POTENTIALS; INFECTED SUBJECTS; PERFORMANCE; BRAIN; AIDS; IMPAIRMENT; COMPONENT; DISEASE; STIMULI AB The authors examined decision making in HIV patients under slow and rapid information deliveries. Thirteen asymptomatic, HIV-infected (HIV+) subjects with known seroconversion dates and 13 healthy control subjects were instructed to detect the ''oddball'' target tones among nontarget tones during single-channel (slow) and dual-channel (rapid) deliveries. Event-related potentials (ERPs) from midline scalp sites, reaction time, and ''hits'' were recorded. Behaviorally, the two groups performed similarly, and during single-channel delivery they produced Similar ERPs indexing target detection. However, during dual-channel delivery the HIV+ group showed atypical morphology in the region of the P300 cognitive decision-making component compared with the control group. Auditory ERPs elicited by rapid, dichotic stimulus presentations appeared sensitive to subclinical effects of HIV-related neuropathology in individuals who had been HIV-positive for 3 months to 8 years. C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,COGNIT PERFORMANCE & PSYCHOPHYSIOL DEPT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,CTR PERSONNEL RES & DEV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 8 IS 3 BP 293 EP 304 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA VB219 UT WOS:A1996VB21900007 PM 8854301 ER PT J AU Bulbulian, R Heaney, JH Leake, CN Sucec, AA Sjoholm, NT AF Bulbulian, R Heaney, JH Leake, CN Sucec, AA Sjoholm, NT TI The effect of sleep deprivation and exercise load on isokinetic leg strength and endurance SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatigue index; peak torque; fatigue; work ID FIBER COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PERFORMANCE AB Isokinetic leg strength and fatigue were measured in 24 male U.S. Marine Corps volunteers in a simulated sleep loss and unusually heavy work scenario. Knee extension and flexion peak torque (PT) were measured at three isokinetic speeds (1.57, 2.62 and 3.66 rad . s(-1)) followed by 45 consecutive maximal reciprocal contractions at 3.14 rad . s(-1) to measure fatigue index (FI). All subjects were retested 2 days later following 30-h sleep deprivation (SD). The exercise group (n = 12) spent 25 1-h sessions performing computer tasks, filling out questionnaires and walked 1.61 km with a 50% gross body mass pack load, during each of the 25 sessions. The control group (n = 12) did likewise but did not exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that flexion PT at 1.57 rad . s(-1) decreases (P < 0.013) after SD. Exercise did not affect FI but did decrease PT. It was concluded that carrying a 50% load produces decrements in PT for both extension and flexion but more so for flexion. SD affected PT but had no effect on FI. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,EXERCISE PHYSIOL LAB,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0301-5548 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL O JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1007/BF02425487 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA UP585 UT WOS:A1996UP58500012 PM 8781857 ER PT J AU Lockette, W Kirkland, K Farrow, S AF Lockette, W Kirkland, K Farrow, S TI alpha(2)-Adrenergic agonists increase cellular lactate efflux SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE blood vessels; Na,K-ATPase; receptors, adrenergic; diabetes mellitus; temperature; clonidine; polymorphism (genetics) ID GLUCOSE-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; PERFUSED RAT HINDLIMB; INSULIN RESISTANCE; HUMANS; METABOLISM; MUSCLE AB We reported previously that genetic polymorphisms of the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor are associated with hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension in blacks. The evolutionary driving force for maintaining such deleterious mutations in the black population is unknown. Recognizing that vascular alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors mediate cold-induced vasoconstriction and that temperature maintenance is a primary thrust of cellular metabolism, we postulated that vascular alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors contribute significantly to metabolic heat generation in homeotherms such as humans. Using aerobic lactate production as an indicator of thermogenesis, we measured metabolic heat produc lion in HT29 cells that expressed the gene encoding human vascular alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors. Epinephrine, an alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist, increased net lactate efflux from 226+/-20 to 280+/-20 nmol/min (mean+/-SE) (P=.06). Clonidine, a more specific alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist, increased lactate efflux from 110+/-6 to 156+/-8 nmol/min (P<.01). Similarly, in the presence of physiological concentrations of glucose (5.5 mmol/L), insulin increased lactate production from 123+/-6 to 175+/-10 nmolimin (P<.01). Because differences in aerobic glycolysis may also explain the heat intolerance and abnormal fuel homeostasis found in genetically hypertensive rats, we also measured lactate production in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Vascular smooth muscle cells from SHRSP had significantly greater lactate efflux compared with cells from normotensive WKY (296+/-4 versus 172+/-2 nmol/min, P<.001). These differences were not due to abnormalities in glucose uptake, as lactate efflux was greater in SHRSP cells compared with WKY cells when dextrose was replaced with equimolar concentrations of fructose (230+/-6 versus 138+/-2 nmol/min, P<.001). alpha(2)-Adrenergic agonists increase lactate efflux in HT29 cells, and abnormalities in vascular smooth muscle lactate metabolism in genetically hypertensive rats is independent of altered glucose uptake. These data provide support for our hypothesis that balanced polymorphisms of the alpha(2)-adrenegic receptor could offer protection against cold stress by increasing the thermogenic response associated with aerobic lactate production. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,ALLEN PK,MI 48101. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,ANN ARBOR,MI. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,HLTH CTR 4H,DIV ENDOCRINOL,4201 ST ANTOINE,DETROIT,MI 48201, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-50849] NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD MAY PY 1996 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1104 EP 1107 PG 4 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA UJ747 UT WOS:A1996UJ74700011 PM 8621203 ER PT J AU Beck, TJ Ruff, CB Mourtada, FA Shaffer, RA MaxwellWilliams, K Kao, GL Sartoris, DJ Brodine, S AF Beck, TJ Ruff, CB Mourtada, FA Shaffer, RA MaxwellWilliams, K Kao, GL Sartoris, DJ Brodine, S TI Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry derived structural geometry for stress fracture prediction in male US Marine Corps recruits SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DATA; SEX-DIFFERENCES; FEMORAL-NECK; RISK FACTOR; INERTIA; ADULTS; MOMENT; FEMUR; TIBIA AB A total of 626 U.S. male Marine Corps recruits underwent anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the femoral midshaft and the distal third of the tibia prior to a 12 week physical training program, Conventionally obtained frontal plane DXA scan data were used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) as well as to derive the cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, section modulus, and bone width in the femur, tibia, and fibula, During training, 23 recruits (3.7%) presented with a total of 27 radiologically confirmed stress fractures in various locations in the lower extremity, After excluding 16 cases of shin splints, periostitis, and other stress reactions that did not meet fracture definition criteria, we compared anthropometric and bone structural geometry measurements between fracture cases and the remaining 587 normals, There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.8), femur length (p = 0.2), pelvic width (p = 0.08), and knee width at the femoral condyles (p = 0.06), but fracture cases were shorter (p = 0.01), lighter (p = 0.0006), and smaller in most anthropometric girth dimensions (p < 0.04), Fracture case bone cross-sectional areas (p < 0.001), moments of inertia (p < 0.001), section moduli (p < 0.001), and widths (p < 0.001) as well as BMD (p < 0.03) were significantly smaller in the tibia and femur, After correcting for body weight differences, the tibia cross-sectional area (p = 0.03), section modulus (p = 0.05), and width (p = 0.03) remained significantly smaller in fracture subjects, We conclude that both small body weight and small diaphyseal dimensions relative to body weight are factors predisposing to the development of stress fractures in this population, These results suggest that bone structural geometry measurements derived from DXA data may provide a simple noninvasive methodology for assessing the risk of stress fracture. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL & RADIOL SCI,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,BALTIMORE,MD. USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & HLTH SCI,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. NR 30 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 645 EP 653 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UG290 UT WOS:A1996UG29000011 PM 9157779 ER PT J AU Hollins, RA Merwin, LH Nissan, RA Wilson, WS Gilardi, R AF Hollins, RA Merwin, LH Nissan, RA Wilson, WS Gilardi, R TI Aminonitropyridines and their N-oxides SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; AMINATION AB 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyridine 1-oxide has been prepared by mixed acid nitration of 2,6-diaminopyridine, followed by oxidation using hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid. 3,5-Dinitro-2,4,6-triaminopyridine has been prepared by oxidative amination of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine or 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyridine using potassium permanganate in liquid ammonia, or by ''vicarious nucleophilic amination'' of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyridine using hydroxylamine in aqueous potassium hydroxide. 3,5-Dinitro-2,4,6-triaminopyridine 1-oxide has been prepared by oxidation of 3,5-dinitro-2,4,6-triaminopyridine using hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid, and by ''vicarious nucleophilic amination'' of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyridine 1-oxide. Nmr spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies have shown that these compounds have the planar structures and intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding necessary to confer on the materials the high density, the thermal and chemical stability, and the explosive insensitivity required for new insensitive energetic materials. C1 USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Hollins, RA (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,RES & TECHNOL DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI TAMPA PA BOX 20285, TAMPA, FL 33622-0285 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 895 EP 904 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA VC216 UT WOS:A1996VC21600058 ER PT J AU Vaughters, T AF Vaughters, T TI Simulation modeling of LHA 1 Class cargo handling system - Comment SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Vaughters, T (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,MOBILE SUPPORT SYST PROGRAM OFF,CODE 102,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 108 IS 3 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA UW757 UT WOS:A1996UW75700065 ER PT J AU Goodnow, MO Rumburg, JW AF Goodnow, MO Rumburg, JW TI Combat casualty simulation on shipboard electrical power systems (active demonstration) SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASNE Day 1996 CY MAR 13-15, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Naval Engineers AB For many years, electrical cable exposed to fragmentation was never taken into consideration in fault predictions for electrical power distribution systems. Testing, which began in 1990 by NSWC Annapolis under the Electrical Power Survivability Program, to evaluate the effects of combat casualty on electrical power distribution systems, verified that a condition of multiple simultaneous faults could occur from typical weapons threats. Four phases of testing were performed to characterize damage to electrical power cables. These four testing phases were severing a single energized power cable, fragmenting multiple power cables fed from a single source and fragmenting multiple power cables fed from multiple sources. This paper reviews the various phases of testing conducted from the inception of the program and the test results. RP Goodnow, MO (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,ELECT POWER SURVIVABIL PROGRAM,ANNAPOLIS,MD, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 108 IS 3 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA UW757 UT WOS:A1996UW75700075 ER PT J AU Marshall, JT AF Marshall, JT TI Waterjet to Hull load transfer - Comment SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Marshall, JT (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,COMBATANT CRAFT DEPT,SILVER SPRING,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 108 IS 3 BP 384 EP 385 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA UW757 UT WOS:A1996UW75700093 ER PT J AU Sahiner, A Croft, M Zhang, Z Greenblatt, M Perez, I Metcalf, P Jhans, H Liang, G Jeon, Y AF Sahiner, A Croft, M Zhang, Z Greenblatt, M Perez, I Metcalf, P Jhans, H Liang, G Jeon, Y TI Electronic structure anisotropy and d-configuration in Ni-based materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LA2NIO4; POLARONS; ND2NIO4 AB Ni K-edge x-ray-absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements on a series of perovskite-layer-based nick-elate compounds, with varying formal Ni valence, are presented. Spectral features that vary systematically with the Ni configuration are identified for these Ruddlesden-Popper phase and Sr substituted Ln(2-x)Sr(x)NiO(4) (Ln=La and Nd) materials. Selected polarized XAS results on the La2-xSrxNiO4 system emphasize that a collapse of the Ni 4p(sigma)-4p(pi) energy separation accompanies the substantial contraction of the apical Ni-O bond length in this series. In view of this, it is suggested that a displacement of the apical oxygen (O-ab) could play an important role in the small polarons previously proposed to form in this system. The polarized XAS results also provide evidence for in-plane character for the Ni-site component of the doped holes in this system. The XAS evidence supporting an increasing Ni d(7) ground-state admixture in these materials, with increasing formal Ni valence, is discussed. This discussion is couched in terms of simplified Ni d configuration modeling, which emphasizes the close energetic proximity of the Ni d(8) state to O p states in these systems. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PURDUE,IN 47907. SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HUNTSVILLE,TX 77341. JEONJU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHONJU 560759,SOUTH KOREA. RP Sahiner, A (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 15 BP 9745 EP 9752 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.9745 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA UJ296 UT WOS:A1996UJ29600050 ER PT J AU VanMeter, ML Kampe, SL Christodoulou, L AF VanMeter, ML Kampe, SL Christodoulou, L TI Mechanical properties of near-gamma titanium aluminides reinforced with high volume percentages of TiB2 SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP VanMeter, ML (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1251 EP 1256 DI 10.1016/1359-6462(95)00671-0 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TZ629 UT WOS:A1996TZ62900011 ER PT J AU Olson, PE Hames, CS Benenson, AS Genovese, EN AF Olson, PE Hames, CS Benenson, AS Genovese, EN TI The thucydides syndrome: Ebola deja vu? (Or Ebola reemergent?) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. RP Olson, PE (reprint author), USN,BALBOA HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1996 VL 2 IS 2 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA UM787 UT WOS:A1996UM78700020 PM 8964060 ER PT J AU Henry, RA Merwin, LH Nissan, RA StengerSmith, JD AF Henry, RA Merwin, LH Nissan, RA StengerSmith, JD TI NMR investigation of high-temperature non-linear optical polymers SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; H-1 NMR; C-13 NMR; non-linear optical polymer; solid-state NMR ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; MAIN-CHAIN; FILMS AB Two forms of a novel accordion-shaped non-linear optical polymer (NLOP) based on cis- and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and o-xylyl linkages were characterized by solution- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Model compounds and the monomers for both the cis and trans forms of these polymers were also investigated. The cis form is less rigid than the trans form, as demonstrated by the fluxional behavior of the cis model in the solution state. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CHEM & MAT BRANCH,RES & TECHNOL DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD APR PY 1996 VL 34 IS 4 BP 293 EP 300 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA UD842 UT WOS:A1996UD84200009 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Garland, FC AF Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Garland, FC TI Risk of HIV transmission in infected US military personnel - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,CODE 232,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 9 PY 1996 VL 347 IS 9002 BP 697 EP 697 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TZ285 UT WOS:A1996TZ28500072 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI The mathematics of Brownian motion and Johnson noise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB One reason why Brownian motion and Johnson noise are difficult subjects to teach is that their mathematical requirements transcend the capabilities of ordinary differential calculus. Presented here is an exposition of the needed generalization of calculus, namely continuous Markov process theory, in a form that should be accessible to advanced physics undergraduates. It is shown how this mathematical framework enables one to give clear, concise derivations of all the principal results of Brownian motion and Johnson noise, including fluctuation-dissipation formulas, auto-covariance transport formulas, spectral density formulas, Nyquist's formula, the notions of white and 1/f(2) noise, and an accurate numerical simulation algorithm. An added benefit of this exposition is a clearer view of the mathematical connection between the two very different approaches to Brownian motion taken by Einstein and Langevin in their pioneering papers of 1905 and 1908. (C) 1996 American Association of Physics Teachers. RP USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, RES & TECHNOL DIV, CHINA LAKE, CA 93555 USA. NR 18 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PARK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740-3845 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 64 IS 3 BP 225 EP 240 DI 10.1119/1.18210 PG 16 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA TW978 UT WOS:A1996TW97800013 ER PT J AU Farrow, S Mahayni, A Banta, G Sowers, J Lockette, W AF Farrow, S Mahayni, A Banta, G Sowers, J Lockette, W TI Metoclopramide does not inhibit atrial natriuretic factor-stimulated diuresis in man SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINERGIC MODULATION; ALDOSTERONE SECRETION; 18-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE; HUMANS; ACTH AB Background: An understanding of the reflex hormonal responses that occur with a redistribution of the blood volume upon exposure to microgravity or during water immersion is operationally relevant. Further, dopamine receptor antagonists, which are used in the treatment of the motion sickness induced by microgravity, or at sea, may affect fluid metabolism. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a potent diuretic and natriuretic hormone that is released following central blood volume expansion in man. ANF is also a potent inhibitor of angiotensin- and potassium-stimulated aldosterone release. Hypothesis: Since ANF-induced diuresis may be mediated by dopamine, we sought to determine whether inhibition of dopamine receptors blocks ANF-induced natriuresis and diuresis. Also, since ANF has been shown to inhibit aldosterone secretion induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in vitro, we investigated whether ANF decreases aldosterone in man infused with exogenous ACTH. Methods and Results: In six healthy, sodium-replete men, infusion of synthetic ANF (0.01 mu g . kg . min, Anaritide, Wyeth Laboratories) significantly increased urine flow from 7.1 +/- 0.7 to 11.7 +/- 1.8 ml . min(-1) (p < 0.05) and decreased aldosterone from 74.7 +/- 9.0 to 55.8 +/- 6.5 pg . ml(-1) (p = N.S.). Metoclopramide (Met), a dopaminergic antagonist, increased plasma aldosterone from 104.5 +/- 8.9 to 163 +/- 12.5 pg . ml(-1) (p < 0.05). ANF-induced diuresis was not inhibited by Met, but ANF significantly inhibited Met-stimulated increases in plasma aldosterone. ANF did not attenuate ACTH-stimulated increases in plasma aldosterone. Also, ANF-induced diuresis and natriuresis were not affected by concomitant infusions of ACTH, but the ANF-induced kaliuresis was significantly attenuated by ACTH. Conclusion: These studies suggest: a) Synthetic ANF induces a diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis; b) the D-2 receptor antagonist Met increases plasma aldosterone; c) ANF-induced diuresis is not subject to dopaminergic blockade with Met, but Met-induced increases in plasma aldosterone are inhibited by ANF; and d) ANF does not attenuate ACTH-stimulated increases in mineralocorticoid production. These studies have operational significance, as they demonstrate that D-2 dopaminergic blockade by the antinausea agent metoclopramide does not prevent the effects of increased ANF in response to central volume expansion such as occurs during exposure to microgravity or following water immersion. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. VET ADM MED CTR,ALLEN PK,MI 48101. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. RP Farrow, S (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,HLTH CTR 4H,DIV ENDOCRINOL,4201 ST ANTOINE,DETROIT,MI 48201, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 67 IS 3 BP 248 EP 252 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA TY364 UT WOS:A1996TY36400008 PM 8775403 ER EF