FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU MACPHERSON, GJ DAVIS, AM AF MACPHERSON, GJ DAVIS, AM TI REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS IN THE PROTOTYPICAL CM CHONDRITE, MIGHEI SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MURCHISON CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; SPINEL-RICH INCLUSIONS; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; SOLAR NEBULA; ALLENDE METEORITE; MINERAL CHEMISTRY; C2 CHONDRITE; FRACTIONATION; CONDENSATION; EVAPORATION AB Refractory inclusions in the Mighei CM2 meteorite are very abundant, 35 being found in three thin sections of the meteorite. The most common are pyroxene-rimmed spinel-rich inclusions that occur in a range of structural and textural types. Some inclusions are simple aggregates of crystals or rimmed crystals, ranging from loose clusters of spinel grains to distended chains of pyroxene-rimmed spinel knots. Others are more compact and may have experienced recrystallization or melting; these include ''nodular'' spinel inclusions with polygonal-granular-textured spinel interiors and pyroxene rims, ribbons of spinel (in some cases with hibonite and/or perovskite) that are again rimmed by pyroxene, and refractory spherules. Four inclusions are complex aggregates of several texturally distinct objects each. Collectively, Mighei inclusions are similar to those in Murchison but appear to be somewhat more altered. Volatility fractionated and unfractionated trace element patterns similar to those found in refractory inclusions in other carbonaceous chondrites are represented in Mighei inclusions and, in addition, some Mighei inclusions have volatility fractionated pattern types not previously found in refractory inclusions. In three of the complex aggregates, fundamentally different trace element patterns are present within different portions of each inclusion, meaning that these objects accreted from genetically different components that never equilibrated with one another subsequent to accretion. Bulk inclusion magnesium isotopic compositions show minor mass fractionation effects: F-Mg values range from -2.3 to +7.5 parts per thousand, but the average F-Mg value is indistinguishable from normal, 1.8 +/- 1.2 parts per thousand. There are no correlations between magnesium isotopic composition and textural type or trace element pattern type. The diverse inclusion types in Mighei represent a variety of origins and histories. Textures suggest that the nodular and banded inclusions may have experienced solid-state recrystallization, whereas the porous and chain-like varieties and complex aggregates have not. Magnesium isotopic compositions and trace element abundances suggest that the Mighei inclusions are unlikely to be evaporation residues and are more likely to be the products of condensation or recondensation processes. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP MACPHERSON, GJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. OI Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 66 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 24 BP 5599 EP 5625 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90253-4 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PY693 UT WOS:A1994PY69300018 ER PT J AU CAMERON, AGW AF CAMERON, AGW TI INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGES IN THE PLANETARY SCIENCES SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Note RP CAMERON, AGW (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD DEC PY 1994 VL 39 IS 12 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PV851 UT WOS:A1994PV85100003 ER PT J AU REINGOLD, N AF REINGOLD, N TI SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED-STATES SINCE 1945 SO HISTORY OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP REINGOLD, N (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCI HIST PUBL LTD PI BUCKS PA HALFPENNY FURZE MILL LANE CHALFONT ST GILES, BUCKS, ENGLAND HP8 4NR SN 0073-2753 J9 HIST SCI JI Hist. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 98 BP 361 EP 386 PN 4 PG 26 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA PW392 UT WOS:A1994PW39200001 ER PT J AU BLOEMHOF, EE AF BLOEMHOF, EE TI FABRICATION OF SUBMICRON NB AL-OXIDE NB SIS JUNCTIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE MIXERS; SUBMILLIMETER TECHNIQUES AB I describe a process for fabricating high critical current density, submicron superconductor/insulator/superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions, suitable for use as millimeter-wave or submillimeter-wave mixers. The superconducting electrodes are niobium; the insulating barrier is aluminum oxide. Standard optical photolithography is employed, with subsequent shrinkback of the photoresist mesa defining the device through reactive-ion etching in an oxygen plasma to enhance step-coverage by the insulating layer. Active areas as small as 0.5 mum2 have been made. I discuss two variations of the process, one starting from a small initial trilayer region defined by liftoff, and the other starting from a whole-wafer initial trilayer. RP BLOEMHOF, EE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2031 EP 2041 DI 10.1007/BF02096275 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA PX069 UT WOS:A1994PX06900003 ER PT J AU GINGERICH, O AF GINGERICH, O TI COMPLETE WORKS, VOL 4 THE MANUSCRIPTS OF COPERNICUS,NICHOLAS MINOR WORKS - FACSIMILES - COPERNICUS,N SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review RP GINGERICH, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 1994 VL 85 IS 4 BP 692 EP 692 DI 10.1086/357008 PG 1 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA QD767 UT WOS:A1994QD76700036 ER PT J AU SMITH, RW AF SMITH, RW TI THE BIRTH OF NASA - THE DIARY OF GLENNAN,T.KEITH - GLENNAN,TK SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review RP SMITH, RW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 1994 VL 85 IS 4 BP 734 EP 735 DI 10.1086/357055 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA QD767 UT WOS:A1994QD76700084 ER PT J AU MASON, MA AF MASON, MA TI I-BOW-MY-HEAD-TO-THE-GROUND - THE CREATION OF BODILY EXPERIENCE IN A CUBAN-AMERICAN SANTERIA INITIATION SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE LA English DT Article RP MASON, MA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATURAL HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 SN 0021-8715 J9 J AM FOLKLORE JI J. Am. Folk. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 423 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.2307/541071 PG 17 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA QD953 UT WOS:A1994QD95300003 ER PT J AU WEIL, SE AF WEIL, SE TI PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR MUSEUMS - PROGRESS REPORT FROM WINTERGREEN SO JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article RP WEIL, SE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,HIRSCHORN MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 1063-2921 J9 J ART MANAG LAW SOC JI J. Arts Manage. Law Soc. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 341 EP 351 PG 11 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA NG002 UT WOS:A1994NG00200007 ER PT J AU CALAMAI, AG YOSHINO, K AF CALAMAI, AG YOSHINO, K TI RADIATIVE LIFETIMES OF THE A3-SIGMA(+) METASTABLE STATE OF NO+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; IONS; AR; LEVEL C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP CALAMAI, AG (reprint author), PHILADELPHIA COLL PHARM & SCI,DEPT MATH & PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 11 BP 9480 EP 9486 DI 10.1063/1.467979 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PV956 UT WOS:A1994PV95600032 ER PT J AU BROWN, MJ PARKER, GG POSNER, NE AF BROWN, MJ PARKER, GG POSNER, NE TI A SURVEY OF ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION IN FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CANOPY; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; ROBERTSON-BERGER METER; UV-B; GAP ID SURFACE; GROWTH; METER; LIFE AB 1 Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) was surveyed in a mixed deciduous forest in Maryland, USA, using a Robertson-Berger meter. A smaller number of comparable measurements were made in closed-canopy forests in Chile, Panama, and Washington State, USA, and under two canopies recently disturbed by hurricanes, in Virginia, USA, and Mexico. Simultaneous measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) were also made. 2 UV-B near the forest floor was generally low compared to UV-B incident on the outer canopy, and had a positively skewed frequency distribution. Under closed canopies, geometric mean UV-B transmittance was only 1-2% of incident radiation; under disturbed canopies, 8-17%. In Maryland, geometric mean UV-B transmittance increased to 30% during the leafless season. Gaps received larger UV-B exposures over time than shaded understorey locations. Thus UV-B transmittance depends strongly on canopy structure. UV-B transmittance did not, however, have a detectable dependence on solar elevation. The vertical extinction of UV-B through a closed canopy was rapid: in Maryland, about 40-70% of incident UV-B was absorbed by the top 25% of the canopy. 3 The spatial and temporal variation in UV-B and PAR within the canopy were qualitatively similar. However, UV-B varied less dramatically than PAR, and the two wavebands also had different patterns of variation in canopy space. These differences were probably due to the greater diffuse component of incident UV-B, and led to wide fluctuations of UV-B:PAR ratios. The UV-B:PAR ratio was low in sunflecks and high in some partially shaded areas such as gap edges. In Panama and the two disturbed sites, UV-B transmittance was significantly greater than PAR transmittance; in the other sites no significant differences were found. 4 These results were combined with a published model of the atmospheric transmission of UV-B to estimate present and future UV-B exposures in the Maryland forest, assuming a decline in stratospheric ozone. The greatest increases in UV-B exposure should come in the summertime in the upper canopy, and in the spring in the lower canopy. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. PUBL HLTH RES INST CITY NEW YORK INC,NEW YORK,NY 10016. OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 38 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 82 IS 4 BP 843 EP 854 DI 10.2307/2261448 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PV009 UT WOS:A1994PV00900012 ER PT J AU HEYER, WR AF HEYER, WR TI HYLA BENITEZI (AMPHIBIA, ANURA, HYLIDAE) - FIRST RECORD FOR BRAZIL AND ITS BIOGEOGRAPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Note RP HEYER, WR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUD AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA DEPT OF ZOOLOGY MIAMI UNIV, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 28 IS 4 BP 497 EP 499 DI 10.2307/1564964 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA125 UT WOS:A1994QA12500015 ER PT J AU BROWN, JL SCHOENEMANN, HM RAATH, JP DEVOS, V BUSH, M AF BROWN, JL SCHOENEMANN, HM RAATH, JP DEVOS, V BUSH, M TI SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF CATIONIC MINERALS IN FREE-RANGING ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA-AFRICANA) IN THE KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN ELEPHANT; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; ANESTHESIA; CATIONIC MINERALS AB Blood samples were collected from 22 free-ranging adult African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, and analyzed for concentrations of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and iron. Fourteen of the animals (males) were anesthetized at the time of sample collection; the remaining samples were obtained from male (n = 4) and female (n = 4) elephants during an annual population control program. There were no gender differences in mineral concentrations among culled elephants. Serum calcium, magnesium, copper, and sodium concentrations also were similar between anesthetized and culled animals. In contrast, serum potassium and zinc concentrations were higher and serum iron concentration was lower in culled elephants than in anesthetized animals. C1 CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. KRUGER NATL PK,SKUKUZA 1350,SOUTH AFRICA. RP BROWN, JL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ANIM HLTH,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 495 EP 499 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QJ337 UT WOS:A1994QJ33700002 ER PT J AU RILEY, S AF RILEY, S TI THE JUNKYS CHRISTMAS AND OTHER STORIES - SEGRAVE,E SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP RILEY, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIBS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 119 IS 21 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PX313 UT WOS:A1994PX31300273 ER PT J AU EWERS, JC AF EWERS, JC TI VISIONS OF THE PEOPLE - A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF PLAINS INDIAN LIFE - MAURER,EM SO MAN LA English DT Book Review RP EWERS, JC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INST PI LONDON PA 50 FITZROY STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 5HS SN 0025-1496 J9 MAN PD DEC PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 987 EP 988 DI 10.2307/3033983 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA QF012 UT WOS:A1994QF01200019 ER PT J AU ROBINEAU, B LEGENDRE, L THERRIAULT, JC FORTIER, L ROSENBERG, G DEMERS, S AF ROBINEAU, B LEGENDRE, L THERRIAULT, JC FORTIER, L ROSENBERG, G DEMERS, S TI ULTRA-ALGAE (LESS-THAN-5 MU-M) IN THE ICE, AT THE ICE-WATER INTERFACE AND IN THE UNDER-ICE WATER COLUMN (SOUTHEASTERN HUDSON-BAY, CANADA) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ULTRA-ALGAE; DISTRIBUTION; SEA ICE; WATER COLUMN; SALINITY; PARTICLE LOAD ID SUBSURFACE CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; NORTHERN BALTIC SEA; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CHROOCOCCOID CYANOBACTERIA; SURFACE WATERS; COASTAL WATERS; PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS; PHOTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON; AUTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON; FRENCH-POLYNESIA AB In ice-covered southeastern Hudson Bay (Canada), the plume of the Great Whale River determines onshore-offshore gradients in salinity, concentrations of suspended particles and of dissolved nutrients, and stratification of the water column. Because of the snow and ice cover, irradiance in the water column is low, and it is further attenuated by the turbidity of water in the plume. Ultra-algae (0.4 to 5 mu m) were found primarily in the sea-ice bottom, and they also occurred at the ice-water interface and in the water column. This is the first time such algae have been directly observed in the sea-ice environment. Concentrations ranged between 36 x 10(3) and 63 x 10(6) cells l(-1), and the contribution to total chlorophyll a varied from 9 to 96%. Concentrations of ultra-algae in this subarctic environment and their contribution to total algal biomass were much higher than previously hypothesized for high-latitude marine waters. Ultra-algal abundances varied primarily with depth, but also with distance from shore and with time. The ice bottom, the ice-water interface and the water column formed distinct habitats, which were colonized by different taxonomic assemblages. These comprised chlorophyll-rich eucaryotes (35 to 93%), procaryotic cyanobacteria (phycoerythrin-rich, 2 to 51%; and phycocyanin-rich, 4 to 24%) and eucaryote cryptomonads (0 to 6%). Eucaryotes were dominant in the ice bottom and at the ice-water interface. Their importance increased with distance from shore, following the onshore-offshore salinity gradient. Procaryotes dominated in the water column near the mouth of the river. Total abundances were well correlated with salinity at the bottom of the ice (which determined ice structure), and with Light attenuation at the ice-water interface and in the water column (which reflected particle load). It is concluded that the main factor controlling ultra-algal abundances, in the studied environment, is the availability of solid substratum (i.e. ice structure and particle load). C1 INST MAURICE LAMONTAGNE, MONT JOLI, PQ G1Z 3H4, CANADA. SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT BOT, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. INST NATL RECH SCI OCEANOL, RIMOUSKI, PQ G5L 3A1, CANADA. RP ROBINEAU, B (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL, DEPT BIOL, LAVAL, PQ G1K 7P4, CANADA. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.3354/meps115169 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PZ020 UT WOS:A1994PZ02000015 ER PT J AU HUBER, BT LIU, CJ OLSSON, RK BERGGREN, WA AF HUBER, BT LIU, CJ OLSSON, RK BERGGREN, WA TI COMMENT ON THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY TRANSITION IN THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN AND ITS GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS BY KELLER,G SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; EXTINCTION; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP HUBER, BT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,NHB-121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0377-8398(94)90017-5 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA QG609 UT WOS:A1994QG60900002 ER PT J AU CHEIMETS, P AF CHEIMETS, P TI A POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR A TELESCOPE SUBREFLECTOR SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP CHEIMETS, P (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 116 IS 12 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA PW506 UT WOS:A1994PW50600014 ER PT J AU BUCHHEIM, MA MCAULEY, MA ZIMMER, EA THERIOT, EC CHAPMAN, RL AF BUCHHEIM, MA MCAULEY, MA ZIMMER, EA THERIOT, EC CHAPMAN, RL TI MULTIPLE ORIGINS OF COLONIAL GREEN FLAGELLATES FROM UNICELLS - EVIDENCE FROM MOLECULAR AND ORGANISMAL CHARACTERS SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID RNA SEQUENCE DATA; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION; CHLOROPHYCEAE; EVOLUTIONARY; PLANTS; ALGAE; SYSTEMATICS; APPARATUS AB Phylogenetic hypotheses generated from cladistic analysis of organismal and molecular data are shown to be generally congruent and/or complementary for comparisons of unicellular and colonial green algae in the Chlorophyceae. Cladistic analysis of organismal character data corroborates the alliance of colonial Stephanosphaera with unicellular Haematococcus (Haematococcaceae sensu Smith), inferred from previous studies of nuclear-encoded rRNA sequence data. The organismal data also support monophyly of the colonial Volvocaceae (sensu Smith). Alliances of other unicellular taxa, including those ascribed to the ''Euchlamydomonas'' Hauptgruppe (sensu Ettl), are not resolved by organismal characters principally because the structure of the data is skewed to shared ancestral characters (symplesiomorphies) and unique characters (autapomorphies) which define individual taxa only. Reanalysis of rRNA sequence data, with additional sequence data for critical taxa, does not support monophyly of the colonial Volvocaceae (sensu Smith). However, these data are weak in the support of the alternate hypothesis of nonmonophyly. In contrast, relationships among most unicellular flagellates are unambiguously resolved by the molecular data. Although the failure of the sequence data to resolve relationships among colonial flagellates appears to be due to a sampling of conservative sequences, an ancient, rapid radiation event or taxon sampling bias may also be contributing to the ambiguity problem. Results from analysis of a combined data set (organismal and molecular) are generally consistent with the inferences of the organismal character data regarding the colonial flagellates and are also consistent with the inferences of the sequence data regarding the unicellular taxa. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV TULSA, FAC BIOL SCI, TULSA, OK 74104 USA. SMITHSONIAN INST, MSC, MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. ACAD NAT SCI PHILADELPHIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOCHEM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. NR 81 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 3 IS 4 BP 322 EP 343 DI 10.1006/mpev.1994.1039 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PX727 UT WOS:A1994PX72700004 PM 7697190 ER PT J AU BELANUS, BJ AF BELANUS, BJ TI A SHARED AUTHORITY - ESSAYS ON THE CRAFT AND MEANING OF ORAL AND PUBLIC HISTORY - FRISCH,M SO NEW YORK FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review RP BELANUS, BJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN CTR FOLKLIFE PROGRAMS & CULTURAL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK FOLKLORE SOC PI NEWFIELD PA PO BOX 130, NEWFIELD, NY 14867 SN 0361-204X J9 NEW YORK FOLKLORE JI N. Y. Folk. PD WIN-SPR PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA QT588 UT WOS:A1994QT58800008 ER PT J AU HODELL, DA BENSON, RH KENT, DV BOERSMA, A BIED, KRE AF HODELL, DA BENSON, RH KENT, DV BOERSMA, A BIED, KRE TI MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC, BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC, AND STABLE-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY OF AN UPPER MIOCENE DRILL CORE FROM THE SALE-BRIQUETERIE (NORTHWESTERN MOROCCO) - A HIGH-RESOLUTION CHRONOLOGY FOR THE MESSINIAN STAGE SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID POLARITY TIME-SCALE; SALINITY CRISIS; LATEST MIOCENE; SEA-LEVEL; PLIOCENE BOUNDARY; CARBON; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; EVENTS; OCEANS AB We report a high-resolution stable isotope, carbonate, magnetostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic record from a 175-m drill core from the Sale Briqueterie, which is part of the Bou Regreg section in northwestern Morocco. The Sale drill core spans the interval from paleomagnetic Chron C4n partim to C3r (earliest Gilbert), which represents the time leading up to and including the isolation and desiccation of the Mediterranean (i.e., the Messinian salinity crisis). During Chrons C3An and C3Ar (6.935 to 5.894 Ma) the isotope and carbonate signals display quasi-periodic variations with estimated periods of 40 and 100 kyr, respectively. We interpret the 40-kyr delta(18)O variations as reflecting changes in global ice volume caused by obliquity-induced changes (41 kyr) in solar insolation in polar regions. The 100-kyr carbonate variations probably represent long-term modulation of the amplitude of the precessional cycle (similar to 21 kyr), which is not resolved by our sampling frequency. The cyclic nature of the oxygen isotope signal permits us to extend the isotope nomenclature of Shackleton et al. (1994a) from stage TG24 in Chron C3r (earliest Gilbert) to stage C3Ar.delta(18)O.18 at the base of Chron C3Ar (6.935 Ma). A major change in paleoceanographic conditions is recorded across the Tortonian/Messinian boundary, which we correlate to Chron C3Bn at 7.04 Ma. Benthic foraminiferal delta(18)O values increased by an average of 0.4 parts per thousand in two steps at 7.17 Ma and 6.8 Ma and delta(13)C values decreased by 0.7-0.8 parts per thousand between 7.1 and 6.8 Ma, representing the late Miocene carbon shift. The first step in delta(18)O values coincides with an inferred reversal in deep water circulation through the Rifian Corridor, and the second correlates with the base of the Tripoli Formation and onset of ''crisis conditions'' in the Mediterranean. We suggest that the increase in delta(18)O values represents, at least in part, an increase in global ice volume that lowered sea level and contributed to the establishment of a negative water budget in the Mediterranean. Average delta(18)O values remained high throughout most of Chrons C3Ar and C3An, reaching maximum delta(18)O values during isotope stages TG20 and 22 in Chron C3r (earliest Gilbert). The glacio-eustatic falls associated with these events may have resulted in the complete isolation of the Mediterranean from the world ocean (Shackleton et al., 1994a). Following stage TG12 in the Sale record, there exists a trend toward progressively lower delta(18)O values that may represent a series of marine transgressions that eventually reflooded the Mediterranean and ended the Salinity Crisis. C1 MICROCLIMATES,STONY POINT,NY 10980. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT GEOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. SMITHSONIAN INST,RABAT,MOROCCO. RP HODELL, DA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,MRC NHB121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 99 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 6 BP 835 EP 855 DI 10.1029/94PA01838 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA PV965 UT WOS:A1994PV96500005 ER PT J AU COTE, R DALGARNO, A AF COTE, R DALGARNO, A TI ELASTIC-SCATTERING OF 2 NA ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE POTENTIALS; VANDERWAALS COEFFICIENTS; STATES; ENERGY; 1-PI-G RP COTE, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 4827 EP 4835 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.4827 PN A PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PX179 UT WOS:A1994PX17900044 ER PT J AU KIMURA, M GU, JP LIEBERMANN, HP LI, Y HIRSCH, G BUENKER, RJ DALGARNO, A AF KIMURA, M GU, JP LIEBERMANN, HP LI, Y HIRSCH, G BUENKER, RJ DALGARNO, A TI ELECTRON-CAPTURE AND EXCITATION IN COLLISIONS OF O+(S-4,D-2,P-2) IONS WITH HE ATOMS AND HE+ IONS WITH O-ATOMS AT ENERGIES BELOW 10-KEV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID C+ C1 RICE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77251. BERG UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL,D-42097 WUPPERTAL,GERMANY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA,DEPT MODERN CHEM,HEFEI 230026,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP KIMURA, M (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 4854 EP 4858 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.4854 PN A PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PX179 UT WOS:A1994PX17900047 ER PT J AU YOU, L COOPER, J AF YOU, L COOPER, J TI QUANTUM-CLASSICAL CORRESPONDENCES FOR ATOMIC OPERATORS - A DOUBLED ATOMIC-SPACE APPROACH SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; LASER C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP YOU, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MAIL STOP 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 5264 EP 5273 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.5264 PN A PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PX179 UT WOS:A1994PX17900092 ER PT J AU GINGERICH, O AF GINGERICH, O TI THE SUMMER OF 19253 - A WATERSHED FOR ASTROPHYSICS SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article C1 HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP GINGERICH, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD DEC PY 1994 VL 47 IS 12 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1063/1.881407 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PV365 UT WOS:A1994PV36500016 ER PT J AU BROWN, TM NOYES, RW NISENSON, P KORZENNIK, SG HORNER, S AF BROWN, TM NOYES, RW NISENSON, P KORZENNIK, SG HORNER, S TI THE AFOE - A SPECTROGRAPH FOR PRECISE DOPPLER STUDIES SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SOLAR AB The Advanced Fiber Optic Echelle (AFOE) is a fiber-fed echelle spectrograph designed for the measurement of stellar Doppler shifts. Using a 2kX2k CCD detector, it samples about 55% of the wavelength range between 450 and 700 nm (20 echelle orders) at a single shot, with spectral resolution R=32,000 to 70,000 at 500 nm, depending on the slit width employed. The AFOE employs a number of devices to assure that the calibrations necessary for accurate Doppler measurements can be properly performed. The most important of these are: (1) coupling to the telescope via a double-scrambling optical fiber system; (2) continuous calibration of the wavelength scale and point-spread function by means of an atomic emission lamp entering the spectrograph via a separate fiber and/or a molecular iodine absorption cell; (3) availability of fiber-coupled sunlight for regular calibration against the solar spectrum; (4) appropriate mechanical design and active thermal control, yielding good mechanical stability. The AFOE is coupled to the Tillinghast 1.5-m telescope at the F. L. Whipple Observatory. It presently achieves S/N=500 in the continuum near 500 nm in 60 s when observing Arcturus (alpha Bootis, m(n)u=-0.04). This noise level sets a limit of about 0.7 m s(-1) to the Doppler precision attainable in this length of observing time. Currently, our actual frame-to-frame repeatability is worse than the photon noise limited value by about a factor of 3 for this bright star, and about 1.5 for stars with m(n)u=4. Work is continuing to refine data processing methods so that the ultimate noise limit may be approached more closely, and to improve the spectrograph's relatively low efficiency. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP BROWN, TM (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 706 BP 1285 EP 1297 DI 10.1086/133506 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PY339 UT WOS:A1994PY33900007 ER PT J AU GUZMAN, HM HOLST, I AF GUZMAN, HM HOLST, I TI BIOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND PRESENT STATUS OF CORAL-REEF AT BOTH ENDS OF THE PANAMA CANAL SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA Spanish DT Article DE PANAMA CANAL; CORAL REEFS; BIOLOGICAL INVENTORY AB A decade ago, several studies concluded that the construction of a sea-level canal could have enormous adverse ecological effects on Panamanian coral reefs. It was also recognized that the ecological data available were fragmented and poor, suggesting the need to increase scientific research within the area. Recently, the Panama Canal Commission began considering new alternatives to the existing seaway, with two main options: widening the existing canal and locks or building a new sea-level canal. This study presents data on the area, diversity and reef structure of all reefs at both entrances to the Panama Canal. The total reef area recorded was 204.6 ha (505.4 acres) and 3.9 ha (9.6 acres) for the Caribbean and Pacific, respectively. Forty-eight hermatypic coral species and three hydrocorals were found for the Caribbean Coast, and 14 for the Pacific. In general, all the reefs in the study area are under ''chronic'' environmental pressure from heavy sedimentation and oil pollution. The low living coral coverage (<6%) and high density of macroalgae (>80%) observed clearly illustrate the intensity, frequency, and diversity of existing impacts in the area. Continued lack of management and protection of the coastal resources will affect the natural recovery of the reefs, and the construction of a new canal may increase the pressure on the coastal zone, triggering large scale, unpredictable ecological changes in reef communities. RP GUZMAN, HM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,APARTADO 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 3 BP 493 EP 514 PG 22 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA RJ763 UT WOS:A1994RJ76300009 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI HOLIDAYS, FESTIVALS, AND CELEBRATIONS OF THE WORLD DICTIONARY - THOMPSON,SE, CARLSON,BW SO RQ LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0033-7072 J9 RQ JI RQ PD WIN PY 1994 VL 34 IS 2 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA QB917 UT WOS:A1994QB91700023 ER PT J AU DEQUEIROZ, K AF DEQUEIROZ, K TI REPLACEMENT OF AN ESSENTIALISTIC PERSPECTIVE ON TAXONOMIC DEFINITIONS AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE DEFINITION OF MAMMALIA SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES PROBLEM; PHYLOGENETIC DEFINITIONS; SYSTEMATICS; CLASSIFICATION; NAMES AB Current controversies about the definitions of taxon names reflect different underlying philosophical perspectives concerning the nature of definitions. The antithetical perspectives, called methodological essentialism and methodological nominalism (Popper, 1966, The open society and its enemies, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ), are exemplified by alternative views in a controversy surrounding the definition of the name ''Mammalia.'' Traditional perspectives on the definition of ''Mammalia'' are essentialistic in that the definition takes the form of a description slated in terms of the traits of individual organisms, thus implying that taxa are abstract categories, i.e., that tara have essences. In addition, the extension of the defined term (the set of species or organisms to which the name applies) is logically prior to its intension or defining formula (the property or properties that a species or organism must have to be designated by the name). Consequently, the name is treated as if it had a designation proper to it, which conforms with the essentialistic view that the name is an abbreviated description of the essence. An alternative perspective is manifested in the redefinition of ''Mammalia'' as the name of the monotreme and therian crown clade. This perspective contrasts with the traditional one in that the definition is stated in terms of common ancestry relationships rather than organismal traits, thus implying that taxa are concrete composite wholes rather than abstract categories. In addition, the defining formula is logically prior to the extension of the defined term, and thus the name is treated only as a convenient label or shorthand symbol for the defining formula that has no proper designation. The replacement of an essentialistic perspective on the definitions of ''Mammalia'' and other taxon names by a more nominalistic one is associated with the development of a phylogenetic perspective on biological nomenclature and represents an important step in the development of a more broadly scientific approach to that subject. RP DEQUEIROZ, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 83 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGISTS PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY NHB 163, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 43 IS 4 BP 497 EP 510 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA QE100 UT WOS:A1994QE10000003 ER PT J AU HALLAGER, SL AF HALLAGER, SL TI DRINKING METHODS IN 2 SPECIES OF BUSTARDS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP HALLAGER, SL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ORNITHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 763 EP 764 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PZ524 UT WOS:A1994PZ52400019 ER PT J AU HEADLEY, JA AF HEADLEY, JA TI THE MONUMENT WITHOUT A PUBLIC + MICALI,CHARLES NAVAL MEMORIAL - THE CASE OF THE 'TRIPOLI MONUMENT' SO WINTERTHUR PORTFOLIO-A JOURNAL OF AMERICAN MATERIAL CULTURE LA English DT Article RP HEADLEY, JA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0084-0416 J9 WINTERTHUR PORTFOLIO JI Winterthur Portfol.-J. Amer. Mater. Cult. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.1086/496670 PG 18 WC Art SC Art GA RU734 UT WOS:A1994RU73400003 ER PT J AU WALTER, TC AF WALTER, TC TI A CLARIFICATION OF 2 CONGENERS, PSEUDODIAPTOMUS-LOBIPES AND P-BINGHAMI (CALANOIDA, PSEUDODIAPTOMIDAE) FROM INDIA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF P-MIXTUS SP-N FROM BANGLADESH SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Copepoda CY JUN 06-13, 1993 CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MD SP UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, SMITHSONIAN INST HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY DE CALANOIDA; PSEUDODIAPTOMUS; SYSTEMATICS; INDIAN OCEAN ID COPEPODA AB Two closely related and often confused species of Pseudodiaptomus from the Lobus-species group, P. lobipes and P. binghami are redescribed from various locations along the east coast of India. These species predominately occur in freshwater though they can survive temporary periods of increased salinity. The distinctive features of the species are found on: female caudal ramal setae, female and male urosome 1-2 spinulation patterns, and fifth legs. A new species P. mixtus from Bangladesh is described. RP WALTER, TC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,NHB 163,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 25 PY 1994 VL 293 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QG902 UT WOS:A1994QG90200017 ER PT J AU FORNSHELL, JA AF FORNSHELL, JA TI COPEPOD NAUPLII FROM THE BARRIER-REEF OF BELIZE SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Copepoda CY JUN 06-13, 1993 CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MD SP UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, SMITHSONIAN INST HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY DE PLANKTONIC COPEPOD NAUPLII; MANGROVE CAYS; REEFS AB A study of areal distribution of the copepod nauplii near mangrove covered cays on the barrier reef of Belize was begun in the summer of 1989 and continued in the spring of 1990 with the collection of twenty samples from four locations. At distances in the order of 100 of meters to 1000 from the mangrove prop roots there were thousands of nauplii m-3. In the samples from Twin Cays where the plankton tows were made 15 m from the prop roots or less the average was 387 nauplii m-3. Copepod nauplii compose 60% of the metazoan plankton abundance in all of the samples. Harpacticoid nauplii were the largest single component of the plankton in every sample; they account for 42% to 76% of the copepod nauplii. Cyclopoid nauplii represent 13 to 40% and are second to the harpacticoid nauplii. Calanoid nauplii account for 2% to 23% of the copepod nauplii. C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON HIGH SCH SCI & TECHNOL,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22312. RP FORNSHELL, JA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 25 PY 1994 VL 293 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1007/BF00229954 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QG902 UT WOS:A1994QG90200040 ER PT J AU FALCK, CL BOWMAN, TE AF FALCK, CL BOWMAN, TE TI COMMENSAL LIFE, SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, AND HANDEDNESS IN THE CANUELLID HARPACTICOID PARASUNARISTES-CHELICERATA (POR-AND-MARCUS, 1972) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Copepoda CY JUN 06-13, 1993 CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MD SP UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, SMITHSONIAN INST HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY DE COMMENSALISM; TUBICOLOUS AMPHIPODA; PARASUNARISTES; RED SEA; HANDEDNESS; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AB Parasunaristes chelicerata was found in about half of the domiciles constructed by the corophioid amphipod Siphonoecetes sp. in the northern Red Sea in shallow water. Domiciles are composed of a secreted tube with embedded sediment particles extending into the opening of a gastropod shell (86%), a polychete tube (10%), or another object. The male harpacticoid antenna 1 is strongly subchela, with the slender apical (4th) segment closing against the massive 3rd segment. Right and left subchelae may be symmetrical, or one may be much larger than the opposite subchela. Of 27 males examined, in 19 right and left subchelae were equal (70%), in 6 (22%) the right subchela was larger, and in 2 (7.4%) the left subchela was larger. In maxilla 2 the claw of the basis is much larger and more strongly curved in the female. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,NBH 163,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 25 PY 1994 VL 293 BP 455 EP 459 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QG902 UT WOS:A1994QG90200058 ER PT J AU ANNINOS, P NORMAN, ML CLARKE, DA AF ANNINOS, P NORMAN, ML CLARKE, DA TI HIERARCHICAL NUMERICAL COSMOLOGY WITH HYDRODYNAMICS - METHODS AND CODE TESTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, THEORY; GALAXIES, FORMATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE; METHODS, NUMERICAL ID N-BODY SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY AB We describe a two-level hierarchical three-dimensional numerical code designed to simulate the formation of galaxies and other larger scale structures in an expanding universe with Newtonian gravity and radiative cooling. The basis of the hierarchical code is a standard particle-mesh (PM) algorithm used to evolve the dark matter constituents and an ideal nonrelativistic MHD fluid solver to evolve the gas components on a cubical Cartesian grid with variable time steps. Within the parent cube we can construct a smaller subgrid (fixed in space) to resolve finer scale structures, providing a larger dynamical range over standard single grid codes without the enormous demand for memory and execution time. The fields from the parent grid are treated as external fields in the subgrid evolution and are passed down only as boundary conditions. The grid structure is a one-way interface so no allowance is made for back-reactions to the parent grid We discuss the details of our methods and present a variety of code tests. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP ANNINOS, P (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,NATL CTR SUPERCOMP APPLICAT,COMPUTAT ASTROPHYS LAB,405 N MATHEWS AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 436 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1086/174876 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PR932 UT WOS:A1994PR93200003 ER PT J AU KOCHANEK, CS AF KOCHANEK, CS TI THE DYNAMICS OF LUMINOUS GALAXIES IN ISOTHERMAL HALOS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ELLIPTIC AND LENTICULAR, CD; GALAXIES, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; GALAXIES, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; GALAXIES, STRUCTURE; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING ID CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; SPHERICAL GALAXIES; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; STATISTICS; SELECTION; MODELS; LIGHT AB We examine the dynamics of luminous galaxies in singular isothermal mass distributions by fitting the line-of-sight velocity dispersion profiles of 37 elliptical galaxies assuming that the galaxies are spherical, are nonrotating, and have a constant velocity anisotropy. We find that the observed central velocity dispersion, sigma(c), is a good estimate for the velocity dispersion of the halo sigma(DM). If the sigma(DM) are fitted with a power law of the luminosity, sigma(DM) = sigma(DM*)(L/L(*))(1/gamma), we find sigma(DM*) = 225 +/- 10 km s(-1) and 1/gamma = 0.24 +/- 0.05, compared to sigma(c*) = 228 +/- 14 km s(-1) and 1/gamma = 0.29 +/- 0.07 for the central velocity dispersions. The scatter about the power law is correlated with the central surface brightness and the effective radius (the ''fundamental plane'') and is uncorrelated with ellipticity and rotation. The existence of a fundamental plane that causes intrinsic scatter about the power-law relations significantly modifies the number counts of galaxies as a function of velocity dispersion. RP KOCHANEK, CS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 52 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 436 IS 1 BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1086/174880 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PR932 UT WOS:A1994PR93200007 ER PT J AU BOLATTO, AD FALCO, EE AF BOLATTO, AD FALCO, EE TI THE DETECTABILITY OF PLANETARY COMPANIONS OF COMPACT GALACTIC OBJECTS FROM THEIR EFFECTS ON MICROLENSED LIGHT CURVES OF DISTANT STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DARK MATTER; GALAXY, HALO; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; PLANETARY SYSTEMS; STARS, LOW-MASS, BROWN DWARFS ID SYSTEMS; BULGE; HALO AB We discuss a possible method for detection of dark companions of Galactic objects of stellar mass. Such binary systems are likely to occur in the Galactic disk and possibly also in the halo. The high incidence of binary and higher-multiplicity systems in the solar neighborhood, if indicative of the Galactic disk at large, implies that current searches for the gravitational microlensing signature of massive compact objects in our Galaxy would yield a significant fraction of binary systems. Our calculations suggest that 40% of the light curves that will be obtained in such searches may be sufficiently perturbed to reveal, if sufficiently well sampled, the presence of a compact dark companion of Jovian mass orbiting a primary. The likelihood of occurrence of perturbed light curves must also be taken into account by systematic search programs, to improve their event detection efficiency. The statistics of perturbed lensing events, if carefully interpreted, could yield estimates of the incidence of binary systems with low mass ratios, including that of systems with planets. C1 UNIV REPUBL MONTEVIDEO,FAC CIENCIAS,MONTEVIDEO,URUGUAY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP BOLATTO, AD (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,725 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 16 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 436 IS 1 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1086/174885 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PR932 UT WOS:A1994PR93200012 ER PT J AU HUNTER, SD DIGEL, SW DEGEUS, EJ KANBACH, G AF HUNTER, SD DIGEL, SW DEGEUS, EJ KANBACH, G TI GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF OPHIUCHUS WITH EGRET - THE DIFFUSE EMISSION AND POINT SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMIC RAYS; ISM, CLOUDS; ISM, INDIVIDUAL (RHO OPHIUCHUS); GAMMA RAYS, OBSERVATIONS; QUASARS, INDIVIDUAL (PKS 1622-253) ID COSMIC-RAY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CO SURVEY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; STELLAR WINDS; DARK CLOUDS; MILKY-WAY; GALAXY; GAS AB Observations of the Ophiuchus region made with the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory during the first 2 1/2 years of operation show the diffuse emission from the interstellar gas in Ophiuchus as well as variable emission from two point sources. The gamma-ray emission is modeled in terms of cosmic-ray interactions with atomic and molecular hydrogen in Ophiuchus and with low-energy photons along the line of sight. The model also includes the flux from the two point sources and an isotropic diffuse contribution. The cosmic-ray density is assumed to be uniform. The derived ratio of molecular hydrogen column density to integrated CO intensity is (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(20) H-mols cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1). At the sensitivity and resolution of the gamma-ray data, no variation of this ratio over the modeled region is discernible, nor are any regions of enhanced cosmic-ray density apparent. The model was fitted to seven narrow energy bands to obtain the energy dependence of the gamma-ray production function and the spectra of the point sources. The derived production function is in good agreement with theoretical calculations and the local cosmic-ray electron and proton spectra. The positions of the point sources were determined from maximum likelihood analysis of the gamma-ray emission observed in excess of the diffuse model. We identify one point source with the quasar PKS 1622-253, which has an average flux, E > 100 MeV, of (2.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and photon spectral index -1.9 +/- 0.3. The other source, denoted GRO J1631-27, has not yet been identified at other wavelengths. Its average flux, E > 100 MeV, is (1.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1); however, its spectral index is poorly determined. The spectral index and intensity of the isotropic contribution to the model agree well with the extragalactic diffuse emission derived from the SAS 2 data. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, DEPT ASTRON, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. RP HUNTER, SD (reprint author), NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, CODE 662, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RI Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012 NR 65 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 436 IS 1 BP 216 EP 228 DI 10.1086/174894 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PR932 UT WOS:A1994PR93200021 ER PT J AU HASAN, SS KALKOFEN, W AF HASAN, SS KALKOFEN, W TI EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE OF SOLAR MAGNETIC-FLUX TUBES - ENERGY-TRANSPORT WITH MULTISTREAM RADIATIVE-TRANSFER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; SUN, ATMOSPHERE; SUN, MAGNETIC FIELDS ID CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; INTERCHANGE INSTABILITY; NONLINEAR CALCULATIONS; BRIGHT POINTS; PHOTOSPHERE; ELEMENTS; TEMPERATURE; FLUXTUBES; SIZE AB We examine the equilibrium structure of vertical intense magnetic flux tubes on the Sun. Assuming cylindrical geometry, we solve the magnetohydrostatic equations in the thin flux-tube approximation, allowing for energy transport by radiation and convection. The radiative transfer equation is solved in the six-stream approximation, assuming gray opacity and local thermodynamic equilibrium. This constitutes a significant improvement over a previous study, in which the transfer was solved using the multidimensional generalization of the Eddington approximation. Convection in the flux tube is treated using mixing-length theory, with an additional parameter alpha, characterizing the suppression of convective energy transport in the tube by the strong magnetic field. The equations are solved using the method of partial linearization. We present results for tubes with different values of the magnetic field strength and radius at a fixed depth in the atmosphere. In general, we find that, at equal geometric heights, the temperature on the tube axis, compared to the ambient medium, is higher in the photosphere and lower in the convection zone, with the difference becoming larger for thicker tubes. At equal optical depths the tubes are generally hotter than their surroundings. The results are comparatively insensitive to alpha but depend upon whether radiative and convective energy transport operate simultaneously or in separate layers. A comparison of our results with semiempirical models shows that the temperature and intensity contrast are in broad agreement. However, the field strengths of the flux-tube models are somewhat lower than the values inferred from observations. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 436 IS 1 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1086/174910 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PR932 UT WOS:A1994PR93200037 ER PT J AU ELVIS, M MATSUOKA, M SIEMIGINOWSKA, A FIORE, F MIHARA, T BRINKMANN, W AF ELVIS, M MATSUOKA, M SIEMIGINOWSKA, A FIORE, F MIHARA, T BRINKMANN, W TI AN ASCA GIS SPECTRUM OF S5-0014+813 AT Z=3.384 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DIFFUSE RADIATION; GALAXIES, ACTIVE; QUASARS, GENERAL; QUASARS, INDIVIDUAL (S5 0014 + 813) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-SPECTRA AB ASCA has detected the z = 3.384 quasar S5 0014+813 up to energies of 34 keV in the quasar rest frame using the two GIS instruments. The combined X-ray spectrum has a signal-to-noise ratio of over 50 sigma and is consistent with a single power law of energy slope 0.63 +/- 0.03 over the 0.8-8 keV (observed) energy range. The spectrum is also well fitted with a simple thermal bremsstrahlung model of kT = 40 +/-4 keV (in the quasar frame), which raises obvious possibilities for contributions to the diffuse X-ray background. A maximum solid angle of Omega(d)/2 pi = 0.4 (90% confidence) can be placed on the strength of a Compton reflection component above the energy of the Fe K-edge. The Fe K 6.4 keV fluorescence line has a rest frame equivalent width < 120 eV (90% confidence) at its redshifted energy of 1.46 keV. The weakness of these features differentiates this high-luminosity, high-redshift quasar from the majority of Seyfert galaxies using its X-ray spectrum alone. The GIS slope is consistent with the slope derived by the ROSAT PSPC. The normalization at 1 keV in the ASCA observation is, however, a factor 30%-40% higher than in the ROSAT observation, suggesting a significant increase in the 1 keV (observed) flux over the 31.5 months between the two observations (7.2 months, rest frame). C1 RIKEN,WAKO,SAITAMA 35101,JAPAN. OSSERV ASTRON ROMA,I-00040 MONTEPORIZO CATO,ITALY. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,W-8046 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP ELVIS, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Mihara, Tatehiro/C-5536-2017; OI Mihara, Tatehiro/0000-0002-6337-7943; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1994 VL 436 IS 1 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/187631 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PR933 UT WOS:A1994PR93300013 ER PT J AU TRAUB, WA JUCKS, KW JOHNSON, DG COFFEY, MT MANKIN, WG TOON, GC AF TRAUB, WA JUCKS, KW JOHNSON, DG COFFEY, MT MANKIN, WG TOON, GC TI COMPARISON OF COLUMN ABUNDANCES FROM 3 INFRARED SPECTROMETERS DURING AASE-II SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; ANTARCTICA; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; WINTER AB Three Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers were on board the NASA DC-8 during the second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE II) in 1992. Two FTIRs used solar absorption and one used thermal emission. We compare over 2000 measurements from these 3 FTIRs, on 12 DC-8 flights, for closely coincident air masses and times, both inside and outside the polar vortex. In the majority of cases the offset biases are quite small, in the range 1-4%, and comparable to the absolute precisions expected. In most cases the rms scatter is in the range 4-11%; this scatter is unlikely to be geophysical, but rather is probably instrumental or analytical in origin. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP TRAUB, WA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Johnson, David/F-2376-2015 OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4399-5653 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2591 EP 2594 DI 10.1029/94GL01173 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400036 ER PT J AU TRAUB, WA JUCKS, KW JOHNSON, DG CHANCE, KV AF TRAUB, WA JUCKS, KW JOHNSON, DG CHANCE, KV TI CHEMICAL-CHANGE IN THE ARCTIC VORTEX DURING AASE-II SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERIC EXPEDITION; OZONE; WINTER AB We measured column abundances of HF, HCl, O3, HNO3, and H2O on the NASA DC-8 during the AASE II campaign, using thermal emission spectroscopy. We made multiple traversals of the Arctic vortex and surroundings. Using HF as a tracer, we remove the effects of subsidence from the measured column abundances; perturbations in the resulting column abundances are attributed to chemical processing. We find that by January 1992 the stratospheric column in the vortex had been chemically depleted by about (55+/-10)% in HCl and (35+/-10)% in O3, and enhanced by about (15+/-10)% in HNO3 and (0+/-10)% in H2O. RP TRAUB, WA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 23 BP 2595 EP 2598 DI 10.1029/94GL01324 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PT474 UT WOS:A1994PT47400037 ER PT J AU BYERS, AP DONOGHUE, AM ROTH, TL WILDT, DE AF BYERS, AP DONOGHUE, AM ROTH, TL WILDT, DE TI OOCYTE NUCLEAR MATURATION AT THE TIME OF OOCYTE ASPIRATION IS INDEPENDENT OF IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION POTENTIAL IN THE DOMESTIC CAT SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INVITRO FERTILIZATION; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ZONA-PELLUCIDA; REINSEMINATION; SPERM; INSEMINATION; SPERMATOZOA; CLEAVAGE; CULTURE AB This study determined (1) the temporal kinetics of nuclear maturation at and after follicular oocyte aspiration and (2) the significance of variations in nuclear maturation and sperm-oocyte co-incubation interval on in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the domestic cat. Female cats were treated with pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin followed 84 h later with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Twenty-five hours after hCG, ovarian follicular oocytes were aspirated laparoscopically and classified according to morphological criteria. Oocytes classified as mature were cultured for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h in Ham's F10 medium and then stained for nuclear maturation. The proportion of oocytes at metaphase II was similar (P > 0.05) at 0 (38.2%) and 2 (48.5%) h of culture, but was higher (P < 0.05) at 4 (76.5%), 6 (82.8%), and 8 (92.3%) h. Oocytes also were collected and cultured as described above and then co-incubated for 2 or 18 h with 5 x 10(5) motile cat sperm cells/ml. The incidence of IVF (cleavage to 2-cells by 30 h post-insemination) was consistently 2-fold higher (P > 0.05) for the 18 h compared to the 2 h gamete co-incubation groups. However, despite differences in nuclear maturation at the time of oocyte recovery, IVF success was unaffected (P > 0.05) by pre-insemination culture interval (0 h, 72.7%; 2 h, 73.3%; 4 h, 70.7%; 6 h, 57.8%; 8 h, 62.5%; 18 h group). Thus, the majority of oocytes recovered from cats treated with this gonadotropin regimen has not achieved metaphase II by follicular aspiration. These oocytes appear grossly mature, but nuclear maturation often is incomplete until 4-8 h in culture. Ability of these oocytes to fertilize in vitro is independent of stage of nuclear maturation at recovery, but IVF success is influenced by sperm-oocyte co-incubation interval. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01, HD23853] NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 270 IS 4 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1002/jez.1402700409 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QF861 UT WOS:A1994QF86100008 PM 7989909 ER PT J AU GAYLE, FW GOODWAY, M AF GAYLE, FW GOODWAY, M TI PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN THE FIRST AEROSPACE ALUMINUM-ALLOY - THE WRIGHT FLYER CRANKCASE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERCENT CU; AL-1.7; ZONES AB Aluminum has had an essential part in aerospace history from its very inception: An aluminum copper alloy (with a copper composition of 8 percent by weight) was used in the engine that powered the historic first flight of the Wright brothers in 1903. Examination of this alloy shows that it is precipitation-hardened by Guinier-Preston zones in a bimodal distribution, with larger zones (10 to 22 nanometers) originating in the casting practice and finer ones (3 nanometers) resulting from ambient aging over the last 90 years. The precipitation hardening in the Wright Flyer crankcase occurred earlier than the experiments of Wilm in 1909, when such hardening was first discovered, and predates the accepted first aerospace application of precipitation-hardened aluminum in 1910. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GAYLE, FW (reprint author), NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5187 BP 1015 EP 1017 DI 10.1126/science.266.5187.1015 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PQ924 UT WOS:A1994PQ92400035 PM 17779943 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, DB POTTS, WK AF MCDONALD, DB POTTS, WK TI COOPERATIVE DISPLAY AND RELATEDNESS AMONG MALES IN A LEK-MATING BIRD SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TAILED MANAKIN; SEXUAL SELECTION; LEKKING BIRD; RECIPROCITY; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS; KINSHIP AB Long-tailed manakins mate in leks and cooperate in multiyear male-male partnerships. An alpha male is responsible for virtually all mating, whereas a beta male assists in the courtship displays. Such altruism by the beta male poses a problem for evolutionary theory because most theoretical treatments and empirical examples of cooperative behavior involve kin selection or reciprocity. Here it is shown that alpha and beta partners are not relatives and that reciprocity is not involved. Instead, direct, though long-delayed benefits to beta males are demonstrated, which include rare copulations, ascension to alpha status, and female lek fidelity. These benefits maintain this unusual form of male-male cooperation. C1 ARCHBOLD BIOL STN,LAKE PLACID,FL 33852. SMITHSONIAN INST,MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20025. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR MAMMALIAN GENET,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. RI McDonald, David/C-3195-2008; OI McDonald, David/0000-0001-8582-3775; Potts, Wayne/0000-0003-4137-0326 NR 26 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 5 U2 69 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5187 BP 1030 EP 1032 DI 10.1126/science.7973654 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PQ924 UT WOS:A1994PQ92400040 PM 7973654 ER PT J AU LAOR, A FIORE, F ELVIS, M WILKES, BJ MCDOWELL, JC AF LAOR, A FIORE, F ELVIS, M WILKES, BJ MCDOWELL, JC TI THE SOFT-X-RAY PROPERTIES OF A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF OPTICALLY SELECTED QUASARS .1. FIRST RESULTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; ISM, ABUNDANCES; QUASARS, GENERAL; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; CONTINUUM ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSION-LINE PROPERTIES; THIN ACCRETION DISKS; FE-II EMISSION; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; STELLAR OBJECTS; WARM ABSORBER; HIGH-REDSHIFT; BIG BUMP AB We present the results of ROSAT PSPC observations of 10 quasars. These objects are part of our ROSAT program to observe a complete sample of optically selected quasars. This sample includes all 23 quasars from the bright quasar survey with a redshift z less than or equal to 0.400 and a Galactic H I column density N-HI(Gal) < 1.9 x 10(20) cm(-2) These selection criteria, combined with the high sensitivity and improved energy resolution of the PSPC, allow us to determine the soft (similar to 0.2-2 keV) X-ray spectra of quasars with about an order of magnitude higher precision compared with earlier soft X-ray observations. The following main results are obtained: Strong correlations are suggested between the soft X-ray spectral slope alpha(x) and the following emission line parameters: H beta FWHM, L([O III]) , and the Fe II/H beta flux ratio. These correlations imply the following: (1) The quasar's environment is likely to be optically thin down to similar to 0.2 keV. (2) In most objects alpha(x) varies by less than similar to 10% on timescales shorter than a few years. (3) alpha(x) might be a useful absolute luminosity indicator in quasars. (4) The Galactic He I and H I column densities are well correlated. Most spectra are well characterized by a simple power law, with no evidence for either significant absorption excess or emission excess at low energies, to within similar to 30%. We find [alpha(x)] = -1.50 +/- 0.40, which is consistent with other ROSAT observations of quasars. However, this average is significantly steeper than suggested by earlier soft X-ray observations of the Einstein IPC. The 0.3 keV flux in our sample can be predicted to better than a factor of 2 once the 1.69 mu m flux is given. This implies that the X-ray variability power spectra of quasars flattens out between f similar to 10(-5) and f similar to 10(-8) Hz. A steep alpha(x) is mostly associated with a weak hard X-ray component, relative to the near-IR and optical emission, rather than a strong soft excess, and the scatter in the normalized 0.3 keV flux is significantly smaller than the scatter in the normalized 2 keV flux. This argues against either thin or thick accretion disks as the origin of the soft X-ray emission. Further possible implications of the results found here are briefly discussed. C1 INST ADV STUDY, SCH NAT SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 86 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP 611 EP 630 DI 10.1086/174841 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ970 UT WOS:A1994PQ97000010 ER PT J AU ADAMS, FC WISEMAN, JJ AF ADAMS, FC WISEMAN, JJ TI FORMAL RESULTS REGARDING METRIC SPACE TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF ASTROPHYSICAL MAPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, MOLECULES; METHODS, ANALYTICAL; METHODS, DATA ANALYSIS; TECHNIQUES, IMAGE PROCESSING ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GAS EMISSION; UNIVERSE; TURBULENCE; TOPOLOGY AB We extend a newly developed formal system for the description of astrophysical maps. In this formalism, we consider the difference between maps to be the distance between elements of a pseudometric space (the space of all such maps). This Ansatz allows us to measure quantitatively the difference between any two maps and to order the space of all maps. For each physical characteristic of interest, this technique assigns an ''output'' function to each map; the difference between the maps is then determined from the difference between their corresponding output functions. In this present study, we show that the results of this procedure are invariant under a class of transformations of the maps and the domains of the maps. In addition, we study the propagation of errors (observational uncertainties) through this formalism. We show that the uncertainties in the output functions can be controlled provided that the signal to noise ratios in the original astrophysical maps are sufficiently high. The results of this paper thus increase the effectiveness of this formal system for the description, classification, and analysis of astrophysical maps. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP ADAMS, FC (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT PHYS, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP 693 EP 707 DI 10.1086/174847 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ970 UT WOS:A1994PQ97000016 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, JJ ADAMS, FC AF WISEMAN, JJ ADAMS, FC TI A QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF IRAS MAPS OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INFRARED, ISM, CONTINUUM; ISM, MOLECULES; METHODS, ANALYTICAL; METHODS, DATA ANALYSIS ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; OPHIUCHI DARK CLOUD; STAR FORMATION; DENSE CORES; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; INFRARED CLUSTER; TAURUS-AURIGA; GAS EMISSION; COMPLEXES AB We present an analysis of IRAS maps of five molecular clouds: Orion, Ophiuchus, Perseus, Taurus, and Lupus. For the classification and description of these astrophysical maps, we use a newly developed technique which considers all maps of a given type to be elements of a pseudometric space. For each physical characteristic of interest, this formal system assigns a distance function (a pseudometric) to the space of all maps; this procedure allows us to measure quantitatively the difference between any two maps and to order the space of all maps. We thus obtain a quantitative classification scheme for molecular clouds. In this present study we use the IRAS continuum maps at 100 and 60 mu m to produce column density (or optical depth) maps for the five molecular cloud regions given above. For this sample of clouds, we compute the ''output'' functions which measure the distribution of density, the distribution of topological components, the self-gravity, and the filamentary nature of the clouds. The results of this work provide a quantitative description of the structure in these molecular cloud regions. We then order the clouds according to the overall environmental ''complexity'' of these star-forming regions. Finally, we compare our results with the observed populations of young stellar objects in these clouds and discuss the possible environmental effects on the star-formation process. Our results are consistent with the recently stated conjecture that more massive stars tend to form in more ''complex'' environments. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT PHYS, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP WISEMAN, JJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP 708 EP 721 DI 10.1086/174848 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ970 UT WOS:A1994PQ97000017 ER PT J AU YI, I VISHNIAC, ET AF YI, I VISHNIAC, ET TI THE HARD X-RAY-EMISSION SPECTRA FROM ACCRETION COLUMNS IN INTERMEDIATE POLARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BINARIES, STARS; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (GK PERSEI); NOVAE, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; X-RAYS, STARS ID MAGNETIZED WHITE-DWARFS; NOVA GK-PERSEI; DISK INSTABILITY; LIGHT-CURVES; QUIESCENCE; OUTBURSTS; SYSTEMS; PERIOD AB We consider the hard (>2 keV) X-ray emission from accretion columns in an intermediate polar system, GK Per, using a simple settling solution. The rate of photon emission per logarithmic energy interval can be fitted with a power law, E(-gamma), with gamma similar to 2.0, in agreement with observations. This index is only weakly dependent on the mass accretion rate, M, for M in the range of a few times 10(16-18) g s(-1). The peak energy of the photon spectra (after photoelectric absorption) is expected to be E(p) similar to (5 keV)gamma(-1/3)(N-H/10(23) cm(-2))(1/3) where N, is the hydrogen column density along the line of sight. The observed spectra of GK Per and possibly of V1223 Sgr suggest N-H similar to 10(23) cm(-2). This large N-H may be due to partially ionized preshock column material. Alternatively, we also consider absorption by the cool outer parts of an accretion disk. In this case the photoelectric absorption depth in the disk is a sensitive function of inclination. For GK Per the required inclination is similar to 83 degrees. For mass accretion rates larger than a critical rate of similar to 10(18) g s(-1), X-ray emission from the column accretion is significantly affected by radiation drag. Although the mass accretion rate increases dramatically during outbursts, the observed hard (> 2 keV) X-ray luminosity will not rise proportionately. The slope and peak energy of the outburst spectra are only weakly affected. We conclude that the observed X-ray spectra can be explained by this simple analytic solution and that the production of hard X-rays from the accretion shock at the magnetic poles in the intermediate polars is in general agreement with the observations. However, since the X-ray emission and absorption depend on the mass accretion rate in a complicated manner, observed hard X-ray luminosities (> 2 keV) are not a good indicator of the mass accretion rate in the X-ray emitting regions. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP YI, I (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ASTRON,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. OI Vishniac, Ethan/0000-0002-2307-3857 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1086/174862 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ970 UT WOS:A1994PQ97000031 ER PT J AU VICTOR, GA RAYMOND, JC FOX, JL AF VICTOR, GA RAYMOND, JC FOX, JL TI ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS IN OXYGEN PLASMAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES; PLASMAS; SUPERNOVA REMNANTS ID SUPER-NOVA REMNANT; EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC OXYGEN; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; X-RAY; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; DEPOSITION; NGC-4449; SPECTRA AB The results of calculations of the energy deposition of energetic electrons in oxygen plasmas are given. In a pure oxygen plasma even with large fractional ionization, much of the electron energy results in the production of additional ionization and excited electronic states. Results are given for separate calculations using theoretical and experimental cross sections for the important O I excitations of S-1 and D-1 because the theoretical and experimental data are not in agreement. These results are useful for understanding the spectra of oxygen-rich supernova remnants. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES RES LAB,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT MECH ENGN,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP VICTOR, GA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP 864 EP 869 DI 10.1086/174866 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ970 UT WOS:A1994PQ97000035 ER PT J AU LIU, WH VICTOR, GA AF LIU, WH VICTOR, GA TI ELECTRON-ENERGY DEPOSITION IN CARBON-MONOXIDE GAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR PROCESSES ID EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT EXCITATION; THERMAL-ELECTRONS; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; CO; IONIZATION; STATES; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB A comprehensive set of electron impact cross sections for carbon monoxide molecules is presented on the basis of the most recent experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. The processes by which energetic electrons lose energy in CO gas are analyzed with these input cross sections. The efficiencies are computed of vibrational and electronic excitation, dissociation, ionization, and heating for CO gas with fractional ionization ranging from 0% to 10%. The calculated mean energy per ion pair for neutral CO gas is 32.3 eV, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 32.2 eV. It increases to 35.6 eV at a fractional ionization of 1%, typical of supernovae ejecta. RP LIU, WH (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP 909 EP 919 DI 10.1086/174872 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ970 UT WOS:A1994PQ97000041 ER PT J AU GIRART, JM RODRIGUEZ, LF ANGLADA, G ESTALELLA, R TORRELLES, JM MARTI, J PENA, M AYALA, S CURIEL, S NORIEGACRESPO, A AF GIRART, JM RODRIGUEZ, LF ANGLADA, G ESTALELLA, R TORRELLES, JM MARTI, J PENA, M AYALA, S CURIEL, S NORIEGACRESPO, A TI AMMONIA DOWNSTREAM FROM HH-80-NORTH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, INDIVIDUAL, (HH 80 NORTH); ISM, JETS AND OUTFLOWS; ISM, MOLECULES; RADIO CONTINUUM, ISM ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; RADIO-CONTINUUM EMISSION; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; PROTOSTELLAR DISK; GGD 27-IRS; REGIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; DENSE; STAR AB HH 80-81 are two optically visible Herbig-Haro objects located about 5' south of their exciting source IRAS 18162-2048. Displaced symmetrically to the north of this luminous IRAS source, a possible HH counterpart was recently detected as a radio continuum source with the VLA. This radio source, HH 80 North, has been proposed to be a member of the Herbig-Haro class since its centimeter flux density, angular size, spectral index, and morphology are all similar to those of HH 80. However, no object has been detected at optical wavelengths at the position of HH 80 North, possibly because of high extinction, and the confirmation of the radio continuum source as an HH object has not been possible. In the prototypical Herbig-Haro objects HH 1 and 2, ammonia emission has been detected downstream of the how in both objects. This detection has been interpreted as a result of an enhancement in the ammonia emission produced by the radiation held of the shock associated with the HH object. In this Letter we report the detection of the (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion transitions of ammonia downstream HH 80 North. This detection gives strong support to the interpretation of HH 80 North as a heavily obscured HH object. In addition, we suggest that ammonia emission may be a tracer of embedded Herbig-Haro objects in other regions of star formation. A 60 mu m IRAS source could be associated with HH 80 North and with the ammonia condensation. A tentative explanation for the far-infrared emission as arising in dust heated by the optical and UV radiation of the HH object is presented. C1 UNIV BARCELONA, DEPT ASTRON & METEOROL, BARCELONA, SPAIN. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, INST ASTRON, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV, SOCORRO, NM 87801 USA. IEC, SOC CATALANA FIS, ASTROFIS LAB, MADRID, SPAIN. CSIC, INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA, E-18080 GRANADA, SPAIN. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, CTR INFRARED PROC & ANAL, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. RP GIRART, JM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV, SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, MS 42, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014; OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP L145 EP L148 DI 10.1086/187615 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ973 UT WOS:A1994PQ97300017 ER PT J AU LOEB, A MAO, SD AF LOEB, A MAO, SD TI EVIDENCE FROM GRAVITATIONAL LENSING FOR A NONTHERMAL PRESSURE SUPPORT IN THE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES ABELL-2218 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DARK MATTER; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS OF; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; MAGNETIC FIELDS ID INTRACLUSTER MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FARADAY-ROTATION; RADIO; GAS AB The central mass distribution of clusters of galaxies can be inferred from gravitationally lensed arcs with known redshifts. For the cluster Abell 2218, this method yields a core mass which is larger by a factor of 2.5 +/- 0.5 than the value deduced from X-ray observations, under the assumptions that the gas is supported by thermal pressure and that the cluster is spherical. We examine various potential causes for this discrepancy and show that a nonthermal pressure support is a plausible explanation. Such a pressure can be provided by strong turbulence and equipartition magnetic fields (similar to 50 mu G) that are tangled on small scales in the cluster core. The turbulent and magnetic pressures do not affect the measured Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. Comparable intracluster magnetic fields (similar to 10-100 mu G) have already been detected by Faraday rotation in other clusters. If generic, a small-scale equipartition magnetic field should affect the structure of cooling flows and must be included in X-ray determinations of cluster masses. RP LOEB, A (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 2 BP L109 EP L112 DI 10.1086/187606 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ973 UT WOS:A1994PQ97300008 ER PT J AU JACOBBERGERJELLISON, PA AF JACOBBERGERJELLISON, PA TI DETECTION OF POST-DROUGHT ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS IN THE BOMBOUCTOU REGION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGES AB As a test of the sensitivity of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data to evaluate small-scale environmental change and post-drought recovery, a time series of TM images of the small, well-mapped region around Tombouctou, Mali was analysed for change for the interval 1986-1988. Actual increases in vegetation measured during field work differed for specific landforms, ranging from 5 per cent on floodplain silts to a 40 per cent increase in ephemeral grass cover on stable dunes. This region is part of the Saharan-Sahelian fringe, where severe drought and environmental degradation occurred between 1976 and 1985. Reflectance curves derived from the TM images for six specific landform units between March 1986 and March 1988 show that seasonal reflectance changes are statistically significant, and that overall reflectance decreased over the study interval. Dunes, abandoned wadis and inactive floodplain areas near the Niger river show vegetation regrowth, while active floodplain and densely-vegetated distributary channels showed little change. Albedo proved to be a reasonable simple indicator of both seasonal change and change over the term of study. Neither the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) nor the Leaf Vegetation Index (V(L)) produced results consistent with field observation. Normalized reflectances and albedo both show appropriate seasonal trends and an overall trend towards increased vegetation that is consistent with field observations over the study interval. RP JACOBBERGERJELLISON, PA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,CTR EARTH & PLANETARY STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 1994 VL 15 IS 16 BP 3183 EP 3197 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PT573 UT WOS:A1994PT57300008 ER PT J AU NADKARNI, NM PARKER, G AF NADKARNI, NM PARKER, G TI CREATION OF THE CANOPY RESEARCH NETWORK SO AMBIO LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP NADKARNI, NM (reprint author), EVERGREEN STATE COLL,LAB 1,OLYMPIA,WA 98505, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD NOV PY 1994 VL 23 IS 7 BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PY698 UT WOS:A1994PY69800015 ER PT J AU KARP, I AF KARP, I TI THE BUSHMAN MYTH - THE MAKING OF A NAMIBIAN UNDERCLASS - GORDON,RJ SO AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP KARP, I (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 SN 0094-0496 J9 AM ETHNOL JI Am. Ethnol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 21 IS 4 BP 961 EP 961 DI 10.1525/ae.1994.21.4.02a00750 PG 1 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA PV388 UT WOS:A1994PV38800078 ER PT J AU MILONE, AAE LATHAM, DW AF MILONE, AAE LATHAM, DW TI RADIAL-VELOCITIES OF BLUE STRAGGLERS .1. A CATALOG OF CANDIDATES IN 6 OPEN CLUSTERS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GUIDE STAR CATALOG; OLD OPEN CLUSTERS; STELLAR COLLISIONS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; M67; PHOTOMETRY; BINARIES; ORIGIN AB We discuss the observational definition of blue stragglers and present a catalog of 58 blue-straggler candidates in six open clusters (NGC 752, 2360, 2420, 2682, 6939, and 7789) chosen to cover the range of ages from 1.6 to 5 Gyr. Candidates which are nonmembers based on proper motions are not included in the catalog. New radial-velocity observations are used to identify additional candidates which are nonmembers. We find that the blue-straggler samples in 6939 and 7789 are significantly contaminated by nonmembers. RP MILONE, AAE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1828 EP 1833 DI 10.1086/117195 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP890 UT WOS:A1994PP89000023 ER PT J AU KENYON, SJ DOBRZYCKA, D HARTMANN, L AF KENYON, SJ DOBRZYCKA, D HARTMANN, L TI A NEW OPTICAL EXTINCTION LAW AND DISTANCE ESTIMATE FOR THE TAURUS-AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DARK CLOUD; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; PHOTOELECTRIC PHOTOMETRY; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; REDDENING LAW; PERSEUS; COMPLEX; STARS; HD-29647 AB This paper presents optical spectrophotometry of field stars projected on the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. We derive extinction laws for heavily reddened stars in this sample and show that the reddening law through the dark cloud is nearly identical to the standard law for lambda lambda 3600-6100 and A(V) less than or similar to 3 mag. Our spectroscopic parallaxes suggest a distance of 140+/-10 pc for the northern portion of the cloud and show no compelling evidence for a substantial variation in distance across the leading edge of the cloud. RP KENYON, SJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 58 TC 256 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1872 EP 1880 DI 10.1086/117200 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP890 UT WOS:A1994PP89000028 ER PT J AU VIKHLININ, A FORMAN, W JONES, C AF VIKHLININ, A FORMAN, W JONES, C TI MASS CONCENTRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXTENDED X-RAY SOURCES IN THE CORE OF THE COMA CLUSTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, CLUSTERS, INDIVIDUAL (COMA); GALAXIES, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (NGC 4874, NGC 4889); X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DARK MATTER; SUBSTRUCTURE; EMISSION; A2256; HALO AB Using a deep (similar to 20,200 s) ROSAT PSPC image we have examined the central region of the Coma cluster. Two extended regions of enhanced X-ray emission are found, centered at the positions of the brightest elliptical galaxies in the cluster: NGC 4874 and NGC 4889. Spectral analysis of the sources reveals no evidence of any difference between the spectra of these sources and that of the surrounding cluster emission. We assume that the enhancement in the X-ray surface brightness results from gas density enhancements and also that the underlying mass concentrations lie either at the cluster center or 1 core radius out of the center (420 kpc). With these assumptions, we derive total masses of 1.2 x 10(13)-1.6 x 10(13) and 0.9 x 10(13)-1.8 x 10(13) M. within 2' (80 kpc) of NGC 4874 and NGC 4889, respectively, assuming a Hubble constant H-0 = 50 km s Mpc(-1). Corresponding mass-to-light ratios for the galaxies are 30-40 and 25-50 in solar units, increasing at larger radii and approaching the values derived for the entire cluster at distances of more than similar to 150 kpc from the galaxies. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP VIKHLININ, A (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SPACE RES,PROFSOYUZNAYA 84-32,MOSCOW 117234,RUSSIA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1086/174802 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP151 UT WOS:A1994PP15100016 ER PT J AU TORRELLES, JM GOMEZ, JF HO, PTP RODRIGUEZ, LF ANGLADA, G CANTO, J AF TORRELLES, JM GOMEZ, JF HO, PTP RODRIGUEZ, LF ANGLADA, G CANTO, J TI THE PUZZLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE HIGH-DENSITY MOLECULAR GAS IN HH-1-2 - A CONTRACTING INTERSTELLAR TOROID SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, INDIVIDUAL (HH 1-2); ISM, JETS AND OUTFLOWS; ISM, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; ISM, MOLECULES; STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; HL TAURI; STELLAR WIND; CEPHEUS-A; AMMONIA; CLOUD; BIPOLAR; REGION; MODEL AB We have performed a mosaic analysis of the region containing the HH 1-2 system. We combined five fields of NH3(1, 1) and (2, 2) spectral line observations using the VLA in its D configuration. This mosaic analysis allowed us to recover similar to 80% of the total NH3(1, 1) flux obtained with single-dish observations. The total mass of the molecular gas in the region is estimated to be similar to 52 (X(NH3)/10(-8))(-1) M.. We find two remarkable elongated structures of similar to 0.4 pc (similar to 3') in size, approximately parallel to each other, while oriented almost perpendicular to the HH 1-2 outflow and the magnetic field in the region. The major axes of these elongated structures are displaced similar to 20'' northwest and similar to 10'' southeast of VLA 1, respectively. There is a velocity difference of similar to 2 km s(-1) between the two structures, but there is no significant velocity gradient along the major axis of either structure. Molecular gas at intermediate velocities between the velocities of the two elongated structures is found at their northeastern and southwestern ends. The exciting source of the HH 1-2 outflow may be physically closer to the elongated molecular structure displaced to the southeast of VLA 1, since the gas temperature is higher there, T-K similar or equal to 18 K. The kinematical and spatial distribution of the elongated structures with respect to the [S II] emission of the HH 1-2 system, the blueshifted motions of HH 1 with respect to HH 2, the ambient velocities observed at the ends of the elongated structures, and finally the velocity gradient observed along the minor axis of the southeastern elongated structure, are consistent with a scenario where these two elongated structures represent the two halves of a contracting self-gravitating interstellar toroid seen almost edge-on, with the southeastern side in the foreground and redshifted with respect to the northwestern side. We favor a scenario where the star formation processes in the HH 1-2 region have produced at least two concentric flattened structures surrounding VLA 1, one with an interstellar size of similar to 0.4 pc and the other one two orders of magnitude smaller (less than or similar to 10(3) AU). This smaller structure, not evident in our data, is required to collimate the jet from VLA 1. Within this scenario, the HH 1-2 system would represent a case where the idea that inflow and outflow are taking place simultaneously in young stellar objects is supported. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV, SOCORRO, NM 87801 USA. UNIV BARCELONA, DEPT ASTRON & METEOROL, E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN. SOC CATALANA FIS, IEC, ASTROFIS LAB, CATALANA, SPAIN. NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO, INST ASTRON, MEXICO CITY 04510, DF, MEXICO. RP TORRELLES, JM (reprint author), CSIC, INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA, AP CORREOS 3004, C-SANCHO PANZA S-N, E-18080 GRANADA, SPAIN. RI Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016; OI Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 1 BP 290 EP 312 DI 10.1086/174814 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP151 UT WOS:A1994PP15100028 ER PT J AU HERANT, M BENZ, W HIX, WR FRYER, CL COLGATE, SA AF HERANT, M BENZ, W HIX, WR FRYER, CL COLGATE, SA TI INSIDE THE SUPERNOVA - A POWERFUL CONVECTIVE ENGINE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HYDRODYNAMICS; STARS, INTERIORS; STARS, NEUTRON; SUPERNOVA, GENERAL ID STELLAR CORE COLLAPSE; II SUPERNOVAE; NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; DENSE-PLASMA; EXPLOSIONS; MECHANISM; SN-1987A; STARS; HOT; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB We present an extensive study of the inception of supernova explosions by following the evolution of the cores of two massive stars (15 and 25 M.) in multidimension. Our calculations begin at the onset of core collapse and stop several hundred milliseconds after the bounce, at which time successful explosions of the appropriate magnitude have been obtained. Similar to the classical delayed explosion mechanism of Wilson, the explosion is powered by the heating of the envelope due to neutrinos emitted by the protoneutron star as it radiates the gravitational energy liberated by the collapse. However, as was shown by Herant, Bent, and Colgate, this heating generates strong convection outside the neutrinosphere, which we demonstrate to be critical to the explosion. By breaking a purely stratified hydrostatic equilibrium, convection moves the nascent supernova away from a delicate radiative equilibrium between neutrino emission and absorption. Thus, unlike what has been observed in one-dimensional calculations, explosions are rendered quite insensitive to the details of the physical input parameters such as neutrino cross sections or nuclear equation of state parameters. As a confirmation, our comparative one-dimensional calculations with identical microphysics, but in which convection cannot occur, lead to dramatic failures. Guided by our numerical results, we have developed a paradigm for the supernova explosion mechanism. We view a supernova as an open cycle thermodynamic engine in which a reservoir of low-entropy matter (the envelope) is thermally coupled and physically connected to a hot bath (the protoneutron star) by a neutrino flux, and by hydrodynamic instabilities. Neutrino heating raises the entropy of matter in the vicinity of the protoneutron star until buoyancy carries it to low-density, low-temperature regions at larger radii. This matter is replaced by low-entropy downflows with negative buoyancy. In essence, a Carnot cycle is established in which convection allows out-of-equilibrium heat transfer mediated by neutrinos to drive low-entropy matter to higher entropy and therefore extracts mechanical energy from the heat generated by gravitational collapse. We argue that supernova explosions are nearly guaranteed and self-regulated by the high efficiency of the thermodynamical engine. The mechanical efficiency is high because mixing during the heat exchange is limited by the rapid rise and shape-preserving expansion of the bubbles in a rho proportional to r(-3) atmosphere. In addition, the ideal Carnot efficiency is high due to the large temperature contrast between the surface of the protoneutron star and the material being convected down from large radii (this contrast remains large in spite of compression and shock heating which is relatively small). By direct P dV integration over the convective cycle, we estimate the energy deposition to be similar to 4 foes per M. involved. Further, convection, by keeping the temperature low in rising neutrino-heated high-entropy bubbles, allows the storage of internal energy while minimizing the losses due to neutrino emission. Thus convection continues to accumulate energy exterior to the neutron star until a successful explosion has occurred. At this time, the envelope is expelled and therefore uncoupled from the heat source (the neutron star) and the energy input ceases. This paradigm does not invoke new or modified physics over previous treatments, but relies on compellingly straightforward thermodynamic arguments. It provides a robust and self-regulated explosion mechanism to power supernovae that is effective under a wide range of physical parameters. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP HERANT, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 70 TC 433 Z9 434 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 1 BP 339 EP 361 DI 10.1086/174817 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP151 UT WOS:A1994PP15100031 ER PT J AU GARCIA, MR AF GARCIA, MR TI X-RAY-EMISSION FROM 4U-2129+47 (=V1727-CYGNI) IN QUIESCENCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BINARIES, ECLIPSING; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (V1727 CYGNI); X-RAYS, STARS ID ACCRETION DISK; SPECTRA AB Observations with the ROSAT HRI allow detection of weak X-ray flux from the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 2129+47 during its current quiescent state. The quiescent luminosity is similar to that seen in several other quiescent LMXBs containing neutron stars. The quiescent X-ray light curve may not show the eclipse seen when the source was in its high state, which would indicate that the enhanced vertical structure present in the disk during the high state has collapsed. This in turn provides support for the idea that the vertical structure in LMXB accretion disks is a consequence of high X-ray luminosity. A comparison of the absorption of low-energy X-rays due to the interstellar medium (determined from Einstein IPC observations) and the optical extinction does not rule out the triple system hypothesis. RP GARCIA, MR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 1 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.1086/174823 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP151 UT WOS:A1994PP15100037 ER PT J AU GRIFFITHS, RE CASERTANO, S RATNATUNGA, KU NEUSCHAEFER, LW ELLIS, RS GILMORE, GF GLAZEBROOK, K SANTIAGO, B HUCHRA, JP WINDHORST, RA PASCARELLE, SM GREEN, RF ILLINGWORTH, GD KOO, DC TYSON, AJ AF GRIFFITHS, RE CASERTANO, S RATNATUNGA, KU NEUSCHAEFER, LW ELLIS, RS GILMORE, GF GLAZEBROOK, K SANTIAGO, B HUCHRA, JP WINDHORST, RA PASCARELLE, SM GREEN, RF ILLINGWORTH, GD KOO, DC TYSON, AJ TI THE MORPHOLOGY OF FAINT GALAXIES IN MEDIUM DEEP SURVEY IMAGES USING WFPC2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, OBSERVATIONS; GALAXIES, EVOLUTION; GALAXIES, GENERAL; GALAXIES, PECULIAR; GALAXIES, STRUCTURE; SURVEYS ID REDSHIFT SURVEY; EVOLUTION; COUNTS; SAMPLE AB First results from HST Medium Deep Survey images taken with WFPC2 demonstrate that galaxy classifications can be reliably performed to magnitudes I814 less-than-or-similar-to 22.0 in the F815W band. Published spectroscopic surveys to this depth indicate a mean redshift of zBAR approximately 0.5. We have classified over 200 galaxies in nine WFPC2 fields according to a basic morphological scheme. The majority of these faint galaxies appear to be similar to regular Hubble-sequence examples observed at low redshift. To the precision of our classification scheme, the relative proportion of spheroidal and disk systems of normal appearance is as expected from nearby samples, indicating that the bulk of the local galaxy population was in place at half the Hubble time. However, the most intriguining result the relatively high proportion (approximately 40%) of objects which are in some way anomalous, and which may be of relevance in understanding the origin of the familiar excess population of faint galaxies established by others. These diverse objects include apparently interacting pairs whose multiple structure is only revealed with HST's angular resolution, galaxies with superluminous star-forming regions, diffuse low surface brightness galaxies of various forms, and compact galaxies. These anomalous galaxies contribute a substantial fraction of the excess counts at our limiting magnitude, and may provide insights into the ''faint blue galaxy'' problem. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,TEMPE,AZ 85287. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. AT&T BELL LABS,HOLMDEL,NJ 07733. RP GRIFFITHS, RE (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BLOOMBERG CTR PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015 OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044 NR 25 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 435 IS 1 BP L19 EP & DI 10.1086/187584 PN 2 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP152 UT WOS:A1994PP15200006 ER PT J AU YOSHINO, K MURRAY, JE ESMOND, JR SUN, Y PARKINSON, WH THORNE, AP LEARNER, RCM COX, G AF YOSHINO, K MURRAY, JE ESMOND, JR SUN, Y PARKINSON, WH THORNE, AP LEARNER, RCM COX, G TI FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY OF THE HERZBERG-I BANDS OF O-2 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET BANDS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; OXYGEN; SYSTEM; STATES; O2 AB Fourier transform spectroscopic measurements of the absorption bands of the Herzberg I system (A(3) Sigma(u)(+)-X(3) Sigma(g)(-)) of O-2 have been made in the wavelength region 240-270 nm. Rotational line positions are determined with an accuracy of 0.005 cm(-1), and rotational term values are presented for the vibrational levels, upsilon = 4-11. Molecular constants of these levels are also presented. Interactions with the c(1) Sigma(u)(-) state are observed at J = 13 of the upsilon = 4 level, at J = 16 of the upsilon = 7 level, and at J = 15 and 24 of the upsilon = 9 level of the A(3) Sigma(u)(+) state. Another interaction around J = 10 of the upsilon = 11 level might result from the weakly bound (IIu)-I-3 state. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. RP YOSHINO, K (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 72 IS 11-12 BP 1101 EP 1108 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RF799 UT WOS:A1994RF79900049 ER PT J AU STUDIER, EH SEVICK, SH WILSON, DE AF STUDIER, EH SEVICK, SH WILSON, DE TI PROXIMATE, CALORIC, NITROGEN AND MINERAL-COMPOSITION OF BODIES OF SOME TROPICAL BATS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BAT; BIRD; MAMMAL; BODY COMPOSITION; NITROGEN; SODIUM; POTASSIUM; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; IRON ID MASS; GROWTH; BIRDS AB Proximate (live mass, water, lipid, ash, non-fat organic), caloric, nitrogen, and mineral (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron) concentrations and total body content of individuals of 24 species of Neotropical and Paleotropical bats were determined. Mass-related, concentration patterns were found for all measured variables, except iron. Concentrations increase with size for nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium but are concave, opening upward, for sodium and potassium. These last two elements reach minimal concentrations in bats weighing about 22 and 28 g dry mass, respectively. Total body content of nitrogen and minerals was compared with amounts in similar-sized birds and tetrapodal mammals. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT BIOL, FLINT, MI 48502 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 109 IS 3 BP 601 EP 610 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90199-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA PR865 UT WOS:A1994PR86500008 PM 8529005 ER PT J AU GRIER, HJ PARENTI, LR AF GRIER, HJ PARENTI, LR TI REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF PHALLOSTETHID FISHES AS REVEALED BY GONAD STRUCTURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE PHALLOSTETHIDAE; ATHERINOMORPHA; TESTIS; SPERMATOZEUGMATA; INTERNAL FERTILIZATION; OVARY; HISTOLOGY OF MUSEUM SPECIMENS ID TESTIS STRUCTURE; TELEOSTEI AB Testis and ovary structure was examined histologically in seven of the 19 species in the three tribes of the teleost fish family Phallostethidae, series Atherinomorpha. These diminutive species have testes in which spermatogonia are restricted to the distal ends of lobules, a diagnostic character of atherinomorphs. Sperm in the ovarian lumen and chorionic attachment filaments on eggs confirms observations that phallostethids are internally fertilizing and lay fertilized eggs. The immense number of sperm in ovarian cavities means that all, or nearly all, ovulated oocytes will be fertilized. As revealed in histological sections, testicular ducts in most phallostethids examined contain 'granular' secretions that have not been reported in any other atherinomorphs. Species in the tribes Neostethini and Gulaphallini form unique spermatozeugmata that differ from those of other internally fertilizing atherinomorphs examined in that they have sperm nuclei that are oriented towards one side of the sperm bundle. Spermatozeugmata are not formed in species in the tribe Phallostethini. A unique spermatozeugmatum is interpreted as being a diagnostic character of phallostethids that has been lost or modified in phallostethins. Gonads of phallostethids and hypothesized close relatives are posterior and posteroventral to the gut rather than dorsal to the gut, as they are in most other fishes. Museum specimens preserved over sixty-five years ago are as useful for demonstrating gonad histology as are those preserved in the past few years. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV FISHES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GRIER, HJ (reprint author), FLORIDA MARINE RES INST,100 8TH AVE SE,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD NOV PY 1994 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1007/BF00023818 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QE852 UT WOS:A1994QE85200022 ER PT J AU GELLER, MJ FALCO, EE AF GELLER, MJ FALCO, EE TI GRAPHIC VOYAGES THROUGH THE UNIVERSE SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article RP GELLER, MJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 6 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1109/38.329084 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA PP104 UT WOS:A1994PP10400003 ER PT J AU TONG, CYE BLUNDELL, R AF TONG, CYE BLUNDELL, R TI A QUASI-OPTICAL IMAGE SEPARATION SCHEME FOR MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Note AB We propose a compact quasi-optical scheme to achieve image separation using two mixers. With this scheme, an image rejection ratio of better than 12 dB has been obtained over 25 GHz in W-band without any mechanical tuning. This diplexing scheme should find applications in remote sensing and radio astronomy. RP TONG, CYE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2174 EP 2177 DI 10.1109/22.330136 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PP982 UT WOS:A1994PP98200024 ER PT J AU BURNETT, JB AF BURNETT, JB TI RICE POLICY IN INDONESIA - PEARSON,S, FALCON,W, HEYTENS,P, MONKE,E, NAYLOR,R SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP BURNETT, JB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN ASIAN STUDIES INC PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICH 1 LANE HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1326 EP 1327 DI 10.2307/2059321 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA QA934 UT WOS:A1994QA93400097 ER PT J AU SEPULVEDA, MA HELLER, EJ AF SEPULVEDA, MA HELLER, EJ TI SEMICLASSICAL CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS WITH MIXED-PHASE SPACE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; CLASSICAL S-MATRIX; MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SPECTRAL METHOD; TIME; VIBRATION; DISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB A semiclassical method for the propagation of arbitrary wave packets in a multidimensional Hamiltonian is presented. The method is shown to be valid for treating Hamiltonian systems whose classical phase space is a combination of chaotic and quasiperiodic motion (mixed dynamics). The propagation can be carried out long enough for the nonlinearities of the system to be important. The nonlinear dynamics is reflected in spectra and correlation functions. We suggest this new semiclassical method can be a tool for analyzing the nonlinear aspects of the vibrational spectra. C1 HARVARD UNIV, DEPT PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. HARVARD UNIV, HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 42 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 9 BP 8004 EP 8015 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PP519 UT WOS:A1994PP51900088 ER PT J AU SEPULVEDA, MA HELLER, EJ AF SEPULVEDA, MA HELLER, EJ TI SEMICLASSICAL ANALYSIS OF HIERARCHICAL SPECTRA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SPECTRA; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES; AVOIDED CROSSINGS; ENERGY-LEVELS; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; BENZOPHENONE; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; QUANTIZATION AB The semiclassical techniques developed in the previous paper are applied to the understanding of the hierarchical structure underlying the spectra. This organization, as analyzed by Davis with statistical models, is revealed by continuously changing the energy resolution of the spectra and noting the branching pattern of the peaks. We argue that the greater part of this hierarchical organization can be understood with classical events in the time domain. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 9 BP 8016 EP 8027 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PP519 UT WOS:A1994PP51900089 ER PT J AU REID, JW AF REID, JW TI MURUNDUCARIS JUNEAE, NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES (COPEPODA, HARPACTICOIDA, PARASTENOCARIDIDAE) FROM A WET CAMPO IN CENTRAL BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Specimens of a new parastenocaridid copepod were collected from a murundu mound and nearby soil in the central Brazilian highlands. Principal diagnostic features of Murunducaris juneae, new genus, new species, include, in both sexes, the posterior insertion of the spiniform seta of leg 4 exopodite article 1, and, in the male, the fifth legs with massive, fused basipodites, each with a large subconical terminal spine, and the posteriorly recurved process located on the ventral midline of the fused basipodites. Murunducaris, like some other neotropical parastenocaridid genera, is among the most highly evolved members of the family. Known patterns of integumental somitic windows in the Parastenocarididae are reviewed, and their possible significance for the systematics of the family is discussed. RP REID, JW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,MRC-163,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 57 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.2307/1548871 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PQ678 UT WOS:A1994PQ67800016 ER PT J AU COATS, DW BOCKSTAHLER, KR AF COATS, DW BOCKSTAHLER, KR TI OCCURRENCE OF THE PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATE AMOEBOPHRYA-CERATII IN CHESAPEAKE BAY POPULATIONS OF GYMNODINIUM-SANGUINEUM SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INFECTION LEVEL; PARASITISM; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RED-TIDE ID NITRATE AB Chesapeake Bay populations of the red-tide dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sanguineum were regularly infected by the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya ceratii during the summers of 1988-1991. Infections developed inside the nucleus of G. sanguineum and were always lethal to the host. Parasite generation time was similar to 40 h at 23 degrees C, with the intracellular, trophont phase lasting 39.5 +/- 0.3 h, and the extracellular, vermiform stage persisting for similar to 20 min. Near surface accumulations of G. sanguineum sometimes exceeded 1,000 cells/ml; however, host abundance was relatively low when integrated over the surface mixed layer of each station (mean = 12.2 cells/ml +/- 2.96 SE; n = 60). Parasitized hosts were encountered in 75% of the samples where host abundance was greater than or equal to 1 per ml, and epidemic outbreaks (20-40% hosts infected) were observed on several occasions. Epidemic infections were generally located several meters below surface accumulations of G. Sanguineum and were always restricted to a narrow region near the pycnocline. Consequently, integrated station values for parasite prevalence were low, with an average 2.7% (+/- 0.31 SE; n = 60). Parasite induced mortality removed up to 8% of G. sanguineum populations per day, but averaged < 2% of host biomass throughout the Bay. Thus, parasitism by A. ceratii does not appear to be a major factor regulating G. sanguineum bloom in the main stem of Chesapeake Bay. RP COATS, DW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. NR 16 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI POTOMAC PA 12263 GREENLEAF AVE, POTOMAC, MD 20854 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 41 IS 6 BP 586 EP 593 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb01520.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QD425 UT WOS:A1994QD42500009 ER PT J AU NEUMAN, RB AF NEUMAN, RB TI LATE ORDOVICIAN (ASHGILL) FOLIOMENA-FAUNA BRACHIOPODS FROM NORTHEASTERN MAINE SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Foliomena folium (Barrande) and other very small, thin-shelled brachiopods from the Pyre Mountain Argillite in Aroostook County, Maine, provide the only record of the presence of the Foliomena fauna in North America. Associated fossils include numerous small trilobites and a few specimens of other groups. An Ashgill age is established by the presence of graptolites of the Climacograptus spiniferous Zone in the underlying Winterville Formation. Most of the 190 specimens are small strophomenaceans and plectambonitaceans. One of the most numerous is the christianiid Nubialba forbesi n. gen. and sp. that has ribs and elaborately developed internal features. In the absence of evidence to contradict previous interpretations that the Foliomena fauna records cold-water environments, the presence of one or more deep basins along the southeastern margin of the trans-equatorial North American paleoplate occupied by cool peri-Gondwanan waters during a short segment of Ashgill time is implied. RP NEUMAN, RB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT PALEOBIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1218 EP 1234 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA PY141 UT WOS:A1994PY14100005 ER PT J AU DONOVAN, SK PAWSON, DL AF DONOVAN, SK PAWSON, DL TI SKELETAL MORPHOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STEM OF EXTANT PHRYNOCRINUS-NUDUS CLARK,A.H. (ECHINODERMATA, CRINOIDEA) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; STALK; COLUMN; GROWTH; CIRRI AB The Stem (column plus attachment structure) of the extant, Pacific bourgueticrinine crinoid Phrynocrinus nudus A. H. Clark is described, and some notes provided on the crown. The attachment structure is a simple, terminal discoidal holdfast, typical of an obligate encruster of hard substrates and probably derived neotenously from the attached larval stage of an ancestral isocrinid. The column is long and composed of robust columnals. Unlike isocrinids, the mesistele, rather than the proxistele, is the most flexible part of the column. The proximale columnal has an inflexible articulation with the basals; a new proximale grows irregularly between these ossicles. Articulation between the proximale and columnal 2 is synostosial, but all more distal articulations are synarthrial. Proximally and in the dististele, articular facets are rounded, but for much of the column facets are strongly elliptical with offsets approaching 90 degrees in many columnals. However, offset of fulcra is variable between columnals, indicating that it is not a consistently useful criterion for separating species in the bourgueticrinines. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP DONOVAN, SK (reprint author), UNIV W INDIES,DEPT GEOL,KINGSTON 7,JAMAICA. RI Donovan, Stephen/O-1285-2015 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1336 EP 1343 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA PY141 UT WOS:A1994PY14100015 ER PT J AU LANG, MJ AKERLOF, CW CAWLEY, MF CHANTELL, M FEGAN, DJ GILLANDERS, GH HILLAS, AM LAMB, RC LEWIS, DA MEYER, DI WEEKES, TC AF LANG, MJ AKERLOF, CW CAWLEY, MF CHANTELL, M FEGAN, DJ GILLANDERS, GH HILLAS, AM LAMB, RC LEWIS, DA MEYER, DI WEEKES, TC TI A SEARCH FOR A GEOMAGNETIC EFFECT ON THE SENSITIVITY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV IMAGING TECHNIQUE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; TEV ENERGIES; CRAB-NEBULA AB We have searched the Whipple 1988-89 canonical Crab Nebula database for evidence of a possible geomagnetic field effect on the sensitivity of the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique. At the present sensitivity of the imaging technique, the selection of gamma-ray-like events on the basis of image characteristics appears to be unaffected by the transverse field strength. We are unable to detect any broadening of shower images or any increase in integrated light content. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,RANDALL LAB PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. ST PATRICKS COLL,DEPT PHYS,MAYNOOTH,KILDARE,IRELAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL DUBLIN,DEPT PHYS,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. UNIV LEEDS,DEPT PHYS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP LANG, MJ (reprint author), NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL GALWAY,DEPT PHYS,GALWAY,IRELAND. OI Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1841 EP 1850 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/20/11/012 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA PT061 UT WOS:A1994PT06100012 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI SECRET LIVES IN ART - ESSAYS - JOHNSTON,J SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 18 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PP320 UT WOS:A1994PP32000092 ER PT J AU FRIHY, OE MOUSSA, AA STANLEY, DJ AF FRIHY, OE MOUSSA, AA STANLEY, DJ TI ABU-QUIR BAY, A SEDIMENT SINK OFF THE NORTHWESTERN NILE DELTA, EGYPT SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; MARGIN; BEACH; COAST; SHELF AB Sectors undergoing erosion and/or sediment accretion in Abu Quir bay off the northwestern Nile delta, Egypt, are identified by distribution patterns of grain size, carbonate content and heavy minerals in beach and surficial bay and shelf samples. These data are used to interpret sediment dispersal patterns and to provide information on provenance of recent and relict sediments, including those from the Canopic distributary. The Canopic is a former major Nile distributary which once flowed in the western part of Abu Quir bay. Heavy mineral suites comprising opaques, hornblende, epidote, garnet and zircon are concentrated in areas subject to erosion, including the Rosetta promontory, Abu Quir headland and the Idku lagoon inlet (the latter is close to the mouth of the former Canopic branch). Proportions of these minerals diminish away from high energy zones and toward the center of Abu Quir bay. Conversely, proportions of augite increase toward the center of the bay. Distributions of texture, carbonate content and heavy minerals indicate sediment dispersal by both contour-following bottom and cross-shelf (seaward-trending) currents. Petrologic patterns define flow divergence away from high energy along the bay margins, and areas of flow convergence toward the center of the bay and northward on the shelf. Textural and mineralogical distributions are attributable to processes that erode the mouth of the modern Rosetta branch, transport carbonate sediments derived from the Abu Quir carbonate ridge, and rework relict sediment from the former Canopic channel and its subdelta. Transport patterns interpreted on the basis of petrology complement information determined from measurement of bottom currents and longshore transport. Together, this information indicates that much of modern Abu Quir Bay is a sediment sink on the Nile delta margin. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MEDITERRANEAN BASIN PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. COASTAL RES INST,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. NATL INST OCEANOG & FISHERIES,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 121 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(94)90031-0 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA QB600 UT WOS:A1994QB60000005 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, SP LYUTIKOV, M BLANDFORD, RD SEWARD, FD AF REYNOLDS, SP LYUTIKOV, M BLANDFORD, RD SEWARD, FD TI X-RAY EVIDENCE FOR THE ASSOCIATION OF G11.2-0.3 WITH THE SUPERNOVA OF 386-AD SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter DE SUPERNOVAE INDIVIDUAL SN-386-AD; SUPERNOVA REMNANTS; X-RAYS ISM ID ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; REMNANTS AB We present ROSAT observations of the radio-bright supernova remnant G11.2-0.3 which support the hypothesis that it is the remnant of the historical supernova SN 386 AD. The PSPC data imply a post-shock temperature of kT = 2.4 (+2.3, - 1.0) keV (95 per cent confidence limits), equivalent to a shock speed of 1400 km s-1, and an absorbing column density N(H) = 1.3 (+0.4, -0.2) x 10(22) cm-2, for a homogeneous, equilibrium plasma model. For an assumed age of 1607 yr, these data imply a distance of 9 kpc and a peak apparent magnitude of about 2 mag, consistent with a Type Ia supernova. C1 CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP REYNOLDS, SP (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 1 BP L1 EP L4 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PP784 UT WOS:A1994PP78400001 ER PT J AU LEVINE, MS GRANT, LG AF LEVINE, MS GRANT, LG TI COPYRIGHTS OF THE RICH AND FAMOUS + THE EMERGENCE OF THE RIGHT-OF-PUBLICITY AS AN ISSUE FOR MUSEUMS SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP LEVINE, MS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 73 IS 6 BP 48 EP & PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA PQ203 UT WOS:A1994PQ20300009 ER PT J AU LORENZINI, EC SHAPIRO, II FULIGNI, F IAFOLLA, V COSMO, ML GROSSI, MD CHEIMETS, PN ZIELINSKI, JB AF LORENZINI, EC SHAPIRO, II FULIGNI, F IAFOLLA, V COSMO, ML GROSSI, MD CHEIMETS, PN ZIELINSKI, JB TI TEST OF THE WEAK-EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE IN AN EINSTEIN ELEVATOR SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY AB A technique for testing the weak-equivalence principle is presented. This technique involves the measurement of differential accelerations between two test masses of different materials (e.g., aluminum and gold) free falling inside a 3 m long cryostat dropped from a 40 km altitude balloon. The free-fall duration is 30 s for a non-propelled cryostat. The falling test masses are part of a high-sensitivity differential detector with a foreseeable sensitivity in detecting differential accelerations of about 1.5.10(-13) g/root Hz (at the liquid-nitrogen temperature of 77 K) and 1.5.10(-14) g/root Hz (at the liquid-helium temperature of 4 K). The detector is spun about a horizontal axis at a frequency of typically I Hz in order to modulate the gravity signal duping free fall. The estimated accuracies, with 95% confidence level, in testing the weak-equivalence principle in a 30 s integration time are 5 parts in 10(14) at the temperature of liquid nitrogen and 5 parts in 10(15) at the temperature of liquid helium. C1 IST FIS SPAZIO INTERPLANETARIO,FRASCATI,ITALY. SPACE RES CTR,WARSAW,POLAND. RP LORENZINI, EC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0369-3554 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD NOV PY 1994 VL 109 IS 11 BP 1195 EP 1209 DI 10.1007/BF02726683 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PZ102 UT WOS:A1994PZ10200009 ER PT J AU PATINO, S HERRE, EA TYREE, MT AF PATINO, S HERRE, EA TYREE, MT TI PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF FICUS FRUIT TEMPERATURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SURVIVAL OF POLLINATOR WASP SPECIES - COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY THROUGH AN ENERGY BUDGET APPROACH SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FICUS FRUIT; WASP LETHAL TEMPERATURES; ENERGY BUDGETS; COEVOLUTION; MUTUALISM ID EVOLUTION; FIGS AB Figs are completely dependent for pollen dispersal on species-specific fig-pollinating wasps that develop within developing fig fruits. These wasps are very sensitive to heat and die at temperatures only a few degrees above ambient. Such temperatures are expected and observed in objects exposed to full sunlight, as fig fruits frequently are. In detailed field and experimental studies of 11 species of Panamanian figs with fruit ranging in size from 5 mm to 50 mm in diameter, we found that both the relative and absolute contribution of transpiration to maintaining non-lethal fruit temperatures increased with fruit size. Small and large fruits reached temperatures of 3 and 8-degrees-C, respectively, above air temperature in full sunlight when transpiration was prevented by grease. The temperature reached by large, nontranspiring fruits was sufficient to kill their pollinators. Control fruits which transpired reached temperatures of 2-3-degrees-C above air temperature in sunlight, regardless of size. An analysis of the solar energy budget of fruit revealed that large fruits must transpire to maintain tolerable temperatures for the wasps because heat diffusion from fruit to air was too low to balance net radiation in sunlight. By contrast, small fruits do not need to transpire to maintain tolerable temperatures for the pollinators. C1 US FOREST SERV,705 SPEAR ST,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 1994 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF00317125 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR645 UT WOS:A1994PR64500002 PM 28307022 ER PT J AU FINCKE, OM AF FINCKE, OM TI POPULATION REGULATION OF A TROPICAL DAMSELFLY IN THE LARVAL STAGE BY FOOD LIMITATION, CANNIBALISM, INTRAGUILD PREDATION AND HABITAT DRYING SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DENSITY-DEPENDENT; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; CANNIBALISM; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; ODONATA ID DRAGONFLY LARVAE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; COMPETITION; ODONATA; COENAGRIONIDAE; CONSEQUENCES; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; SIZE AB The relative importance of intraspecific interspecific, and seasonal causes of larval mortality were investigated for aquatic larvae of the giant damselfly Megaloprepus coerulatus in Panama. These larvae live in water-filled holes in fallen and living trees, where they and three other common odonate species are the top predators. By mid wet season, M. coerulatus larvae were found in nearly half of all tree holes that harbored odonates. Although M. coerulatus were typically, but not always, eliminated from holes inhabited by larger heterospecifics, M. coerulatus were more likely to encounter conspecifics than other odonate species. Hole with less than 1 1 of water rarely contained more than a single larva. In large holes where M. coerulatus was the only odonate species present, multiple larvae coexisted at a density of one larva per 1-21 of water. There the absence of 2-4 of the 5 larval size classes, despite a continuous input of eggs, suggested that cannibalism was a common cause of mortality. The size of the final instar, which determined adult body size, was correlated positively with tree hole volume for male, but not female, larvae. Experiments showed that when two larvae were placed together in 0.4-1 holes with abundant tadpole prey, the larger larva killed the smaller one. Often the larva that was killed was not eaten. Small larvae were more tolerant of each other than were pairs of medium of large larvae. Before killing occurred, the presence of larger larvae reduced the growth of smaller individuals, relative to controls. 'Obligate' killing was density-dependent. In 3.0-1 holes with ad libitum prey, conspecific killing occurred until the larval density stabilized at one larva per 1-1.5 1, similar to the density found in large holes under field conditions, For M. coerulatus, cannibalism functions to reduce the number of potential competitors for food in addition to providing nutrition. When interactions between paired larvae in small holes were experimentally prevented, competition for food reduced the growth of one or both larvae relative to controls. Holes that were watered during the dry season supported larval densities similar to those in the wet season. Thus, dry season mortality could not be attributed to a decrease in available prey. Rather, M. coerulatus larvae could not survive more than 1 month of complete drying. Because the dry season typically lasts more than 6 weeks, habitat drying is a secondary source of mortality, affecting second- or third-generation larvae that fail to emerge before tree holes dry out completely. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 42 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 1994 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1007/BF00317138 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR645 UT WOS:A1994PR64500015 PM 28307035 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, SJ GOMPPER, ME DELEON, B AF WRIGHT, SJ GOMPPER, ME DELEON, B TI ARE LARGE PREDATORS KEYSTONE SPECIES IN NEOTROPICAL FORESTS - THE EVIDENCE FROM BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM-UP; TROPICAL FORESTS; TOP-DOWN; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; TRANSECT; MAMMALS; ECOLOGY; PANAMA; SEQUEL AB Large cats have been hypothesized to act as keystone predators in Neotropical forests by limiting mid-sized terrestrial mammals, which in turn control forest regeneration. The evidence for this is based predominantly on cross-site comparisons involving Cosha Cashu (CC), Peru, with its complete predator complement, and Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, where puma and jaguar are no longer residents. We reevaluate the evidence in light of 725 km of transect censuses performed on BCI, comparisons with additional sites throughout the Neotropics, and historical changes in the BCI mammal fauna. Several mid-sized species showed habituation to humans near the BCI laboratory compound (where previous censuses had been carried out), indicating that cross-site comparisons, despite using similar methodologies, may be biased by differentially meeting technique assumptions, and that densities of these species at BCI and CC may not differ as greatly as previously assumed. Analyses of additional sites also indicate that individual species population density estimates for BCI, while high for several species, are not extreme. Cross-site analyses indicate that most, but not all, species show no significant difference in mean densities at sites with and without large cats. On the other hand, an evaluation of the qualitative historical evidence indicates that as cats were eliminated from BCI by poaching, many potential prey species population densities increased. These increases were not sustained, however, and may reflect natural population variability rather than the status of large cats. Finally, we examine the evidence for prey species controlling forest regeneration. While extreme removal of herbivorous and frugivorous mammals will profoundly affect forest regeneration, the effects of slight decreases in densities, or the effects of increased densities (as implicated by the keystone predator hypothesis) are equivocal. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ZOOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV TENNESSEE,PROGRAM LIFE SCI ETHOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP WRIGHT, SJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 111 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 10 U2 45 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 1994 VL 71 IS 2 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.2307/3546277 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR376 UT WOS:A1994PR37600011 ER PT J AU BABB, JF SPRUCH, L AF BABB, JF SPRUCH, L TI RETARDATION (OR CASIMIR) POTENTIAL FOR THE RYDBERG HYDROGEN MOLECULE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZATION-MODEL; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; H-2; HELIUM C1 NYU,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10003. RP BABB, JF (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Babb, James/0000-0002-3883-9501 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP 3845 EP 3855 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3845 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PR435 UT WOS:A1994PR43500040 ER PT J AU ZYGELMAN, B DALGARNO, A SHARMA, RD AF ZYGELMAN, B DALGARNO, A SHARMA, RD TI EXCITATION OF THE P-3(J=0,1,2) FINE-STRUCTURE LEVELS OF ATOMIC OXYGEN IN COLLISIONS WITH OXYGEN-ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; EMISSION C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. PHILLIPS LAB,DIV OPT ENVIRONM,BEDFORD,MA 01731. RP ZYGELMAN, B (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP 3920 EP 3928 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3920 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PR435 UT WOS:A1994PR43500050 ER PT J AU AZCONBIETO, J GONZALEZMELER, MA DOHERTY, W DRAKE, BG AF AZCONBIETO, J GONZALEZMELER, MA DOHERTY, W DRAKE, BG TI ACCLIMATION OF RESPIRATORY O-2 UPTAKE IN GREEN TISSUES OF FIELD-GROWN NATIVE SPECIES AFTER LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; DARK RESPIRATION; CARBOHYDRATE STATUS; LEAF RESPIRATION; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; INHIBITION; EFFLUX; WORLD AB C-3 and C-4 plants were grown in open-top chambers in the field at two CO2 concentrations, normal ambient (ambient) and normal ambient + 340 mu L L(-1) (elevated). Dark oxygen uptake was measured in leaves and stems using a liquid-phase Clark-type oxygen electrode. High CO2 treatment decreased dark oxygen uptake in stems of Scirpus olneyi (C-3) and leaves of Lindera benzoin (C-3) expressed on either a dry weight or area basis. Respiration of Sparfina patens (C-4) leaves was unaffected by CO2 treatment. Leaf dry weight per unit area was unchanged by CO2, but respiration per unit of carbon or per unit of nitrogen was decreased in the C-3 species grown at high CO2. The component of respiration in stems of S. olneyi and leaves of L. benzoin primarily affected by long-term exposure to the elevated CO2 treatment was the activity of the cytochrome pathway. Elevated CO2 had no effect on activity and capacity of the alternative pathway in S. olneyi. The cytochrome c oxidase activity, assayed in a cell-free extract, was strongly decreased by growth at high CO2 in stems of S. olneyi but it was unaffected in S. patens leaves. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase and complex III extracted from mature leaves of L. benzoin was also decreased after one growing season of plant exposure to elevated CO2 concentration. These results show that in some C-3 species respiration will be reduced when plants are grown in elevated atmospheric CO2. The possible physiological causes and implications of these effects are discussed. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. UNIV BARCELONA,FAC BIOL,DEPT BIOL VEGETAL,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. OI Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel/0000-0001-5388-7969 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1163 EP 1168 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT654 UT WOS:A1994PT65400042 ER PT J AU BAUR, B FISCHER, K WINTER, K DIETZ, KJ AF BAUR, B FISCHER, K WINTER, K DIETZ, KJ TI CDNA SEQUENCE OF A PROTEIN-KINASE FROM THE INDUCIBLE CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM PLANT MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM L, ENCODING A SNF-1 HOMOLOG SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PHOSPHORYLATION; YEAST; GENE C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP BAUR, B (reprint author), JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,MITTLERER DALLENBERGWEG 64,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RI Dietz, Karl-Josef/B-6029-2009 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1225 EP 1226 DI 10.1104/pp.106.3.1225 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT654 UT WOS:A1994PT65400053 PM 7824651 ER PT J AU HEYMAN, IM AF HEYMAN, IM TI SMITHSONIAN PERSPECTIVES SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP HEYMAN, IM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD NOV PY 1994 VL 25 IS 8 BP 10 EP & PG 0 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PN621 UT WOS:A1994PN62100001 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, R AF GREENBERG, R TI PHENOMENA, COMMENT AND NOTES SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Note RP GREENBERG, R (reprint author), NATL ZOOL PK,SMITHSONIAN MIGRATORY BIRD CTR,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD NOV PY 1994 VL 25 IS 8 BP 24 EP & PG 0 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PN621 UT WOS:A1994PN62100023 ER PT J AU ERHARDT, D BISCHOF, JJ AF ERHARDT, D BISCHOF, JJ TI TO THE EDITORS + EFFECTS OF SOAPS ON OIL PAINT FILMS - REPLY SO STUDIES IN CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter RP ERHARDT, D (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, CTR MUSEUM SUPPORT, CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0039-3630 EI 2047-0584 J9 STUD CONSERV JI Stud. Conserv. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA QD599 UT WOS:A1994QD59900010 ER PT J AU NICOLSON, DH AF NICOLSON, DH TI TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON ANOTRICHIUM TENUE AND RELATED SPECIES (CERAMIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) SO TAXON LA English DT Note ID AFRICA AB Two distinct species, differing mainly in tetrasporangial features, have been confused under the name Anotrichium tenue. In true A, tenue the tetrasporangia are borne terminally on a small number (5-8) of whorled pedicels. In the other, A. secundum, comb, nov., the tetrasporangia are borne subterminally and adaxially on a relatively large number (8-50) of whorled pedicels. C1 UNIV CATANIA,DIPARTIMENTO BOT,I-95125 CATANIA,ITALY. RP NICOLSON, DH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT BOT,MRC-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 1994 VL 43 IS 4 BP 633 EP 637 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA PU534 UT WOS:A1994PU53400008 ER PT J AU DORR, LJ AF DORR, LJ TI THE IDENTITY AND NEOTYPIFICATION OF ENDOSTEIRA TURCZ (RHIZOPHORACEAE) SO TAXON LA English DT Note AB Endosteira was originally described as a genus of the Tiliaceae. The name of its sole species, E. oppositifolia, is here neotypified and becomes a synonym of Cassipourea guianensis Aubl. (Rhizophoraceae). RP DORR, LJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT BOT,MRC-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 1994 VL 43 IS 4 BP 639 EP 640 DI 10.2307/1223550 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA PU534 UT WOS:A1994PU53400009 ER PT J AU ZOTZ, G WINTER, K AF ZOTZ, G WINTER, K TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF A TROPICAL CANOPY TREE, CEIBA-PENTANDRA, IN A LOWLAND FOREST IN PANAMA SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBON BALANCE; CO2 EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; TROPICAL RAIN FOREST; WATER VAPOR EXCHANGE AB Diel (24 h) courses of CO2 and water-vapor exchange of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae) were studied under natural tropical conditions in the semi-evergreen moist forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Measurements were conducted from early February 1991 (dry season), shortly after new leaves emerged, until mid-October 1991 (wet season), when leaves were shed. Rates of net CO2 uptake were significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season, and showed a linear decrease with leaf age. Leaf nitrogen concentrations and contents also decreased with age. Our estimate of annual carbon gain (2640 g CO2 m-2 year-1 or 21 g CO2 gDw-1 year-1) is considerably higher than estimates available for temperature forest trees. RP ZOTZ, G (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1291 EP 1301 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PN769 UT WOS:A1994PN76900007 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, WL MADORE, BF MOULD, JR HILL, R FERRARESE, L KENNICUTT, RC SAHA, A STETSON, PB GRAHAM, JA FORD, H HOESSEL, JG HUCHRA, J HUGHES, SM ILLINGWORTH, GD AF FREEDMAN, WL MADORE, BF MOULD, JR HILL, R FERRARESE, L KENNICUTT, RC SAHA, A STETSON, PB GRAHAM, JA FORD, H HOESSEL, JG HUCHRA, J HUGHES, SM ILLINGWORTH, GD TI DISTANCE TO THE VIRGO CLUSTER GALAXY M100 FROM HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF CEPHEIDS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MEASURING EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCES; RR LYRAE STARS; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES; STANDARD CANDLES; IA SUPERNOVAE; SCALE; CONSTANT; MOTION; VELOCITY; SUPERCLUSTER AB Accurate distances to galaxies are critical for determining the present expansion rate of the Universe or Hubble constant (H-o). An important step in resolving the current uncertainty in H-o is the measurement of the distance to the Virgo cluster of galaxies. New observations using the Hubble Space Telescope yield a distance of 17.1 +/- 1.8 Mpc to the Virgo cluster galaxy M100. This distance leads to a value of H-o = 80 +/- 17 km s(-1) Mpc(-1). A comparable value of H-o is also derived from the Coma cluster using independent estimates of its distance ratio relative to the Virgo cluster. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, CTR INFRARED PROC & ANAL, NASA IPAC EXTRAGALACT DATABASE, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, MT STROMLO & SIDING SPRING OBSERV, WESTON, ACT 2611, AUSTRALIA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, STEWARD OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV, VICTORIA V8X 4M6, BC, CANADA. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON, DEPT TERR MAGNETISM, WASHINGTON, DC 20015 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ASTRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. ROYAL GREENWICH OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, LICK OBSERV, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. RP FREEDMAN, WL (reprint author), CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV, 813 SANTA BARBARA ST, PASADENA, CA 91101 USA. NR 51 TC 389 Z9 390 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 27 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6500 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1038/371757a0 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PP018 UT WOS:A1994PP01800048 ER PT J AU WEST, SA HERRE, EA AF WEST, SA HERRE, EA TI THE ECOLOGY OF THE NEW-WORLD FIG-PARASITIZING WASPS IDARNES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE FIG-POLLINATOR MUTUALISM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; FICUS; COEVOLUTION; FRUIT; CONSEQUENCES; CHALCIDOIDEA; POPULATIONS; SYMBIOSIS AB Figs and their pollinating wasps are perhaps the classic example of an obligate mutualism. In addition, figs have a suite of non-pollinating parasitic wasps whose basic ecology is largely undescribed. Figs therefore present the interesting situation of a hose that has two closely related taxa associated with it, one of which is mutualistic, the other parasitic. We show that the wasps belonging to the most abundant genus of New World parasites, the Idarnes wasps, develop at the expense of the pollinating wasps and not the viable seeds. However, the Idarnes wasps are not true parasitoids. We interpret these results to mean that the Idarnes wasps are in direct competition with the pollinator wasps for the same pool of flowers in which the larvae of either group can develop. Further, we infer that there is also a pool of flowers that cannot be exploited by either of these taxa. The observation that the pollinators and the parasites oviposit from different sides of the fruit strongly suggests that the basis for preserving some of the flowers to develop as viable seeds is not a direct result of spatial position of the ovaries or style length, as has been previously suggested. This idea is corroborated by detailed observations in many other fig systems. Taken together, these findings suggest an explanation for the stability of the fig-fig-pollinating wasp mutualism, as well as the structure of its parasite community. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. RP WEST, SA (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT BIOL, SILWOOD PK, ASCOT SL5 7PY, BERKS, ENGLAND. RI West, Stuart/M-3608-2014 OI West, Stuart/0000-0003-2152-3153 NR 55 TC 138 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 22 PY 1994 VL 258 IS 1351 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1098/rspb.1994.0143 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA PP337 UT WOS:A1994PP33700011 ER PT J AU MATHUR, S WILKES, B ELVIS, M FIORE, F AF MATHUR, S WILKES, B ELVIS, M FIORE, F TI THE X-RAY AND ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBING OUTFLOW IN 3C-351 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE QUASARS, ABSORPTION LINES; QUASARS, INDIVIDUAL (3C 351); ULTRAVIOLET, GALAXIES; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BROAD-LINE REGION; EMISSION-LINES; PHOTOIONIZATION MODELS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SEYFERT NUCLEI; QUASARS; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; NGC-5548 AB 3C 351 (z = 0.371), an X-ray-''quiet'' quasar, is one of the few quasars showing signs of a ''warm absorber'' in its X-ray spectrum; i.e., partially ionized absorbing material in the line of sight whose opacity depends on its ionization structure. The main feature in the X-ray spectrum is a K-edge due to O VII or O VIII. 3C 351 also shows unusually strong, blueshifted, associated, absorption lines in the ultraviolet (Bahcall et al. 1993) including O VI (lambdalambda1031, 1037). This high ionization state strongly suggests an identification with the X-ray absorber and a site within the active nucleus. In this paper we demonstrate that the X-ray and UV absorption is due to the same material. This is the first confirmed UV/X-ray absorber. Physical conditions of the absorber are determined through the combination of constraints derived from both the X-ray and UV analysis. This highly ionized, outflowing, low-density, high-column density absorber situated outside the broad emission line region (BELR) is a previously unknown component of nuclear material. We rule out the identification of the absorber with a BELR cloud as the physical conditions in the two regions are inconsistent with one another. The effect of the X-ray quietness and IR upturn in the 3C 351 continuum on the BELR is also investigated. The strengths of the high-ionization lines of C IV lambda1549 and O VI lambda1034 with respect to Lyalpha are systematically lower (up to a factor of 10) in the material ionized by the 3C 351 continuum as compared to those produced by the ''standard'' quasar continuum, the strongest effect being on the strength of O VI lambda1034. We find that for a 3C 351-like continuum, C III] lambda1909 ceases to be a density indicator. RP MATHUR, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 41 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 2 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1086/174750 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PL837 UT WOS:A1994PL83700010 ER PT J AU GREENE, TP WILKING, BA ANDRE, P YOUNG, ET LADA, CJ AF GREENE, TP WILKING, BA ANDRE, P YOUNG, ET LADA, CJ TI FURTHER MIDINFRARED STUDY OF THE RHO-OPHIUCHI CLOUD YOUNG STELLAR POPULATION - LUMINOSITIES AND MASSES OF PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; INFRARED, STARS; OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS, INDIVIDUAL (P OPHIUCHI); STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; DARK-CLOUD; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; DENSE CORES; T-TAURI; CLUSTER; OBJECTS; EVOLUTION; PROTOSTARS AB We present a new mid-infrared photometric study of the rho Oph young stellar poplation which includes data for 56 objects. The sources for this study were largely selected from a K < 10 mag limited sample in order to reduce the bias of the previous IRAS-selected survey of the cloud. This sample was supplemented with fainter sources that are very red as well as sources that also have radio-continuum emission. The K < 10 sources are found to have spectral energy distributions predominantly similar to those of reddened T Tauri stars (Class II), while the other sources are mostly either embedded (Class I) or else have little or no circumstellar material (Class III). We develop an empirical technique for estimating the bolometric luminosities of Class II sources from their near-IR data and use it to estimate the luminosities of our newly-observed Class II young stellar objects (YSOs). Most of the newly identified Class II sources have L almost-equal-to 1 L., and several low-luminosity Class I sources are also found. The suspected luminosity segregation between spectral energy distribution classes is reinforced; we find an excess of Class I sources at intermediate (approximately 10 L.) luminosities. Comparisons with Taurus-Auriga YSOs suggest that these high Class I luminosities may be entirely attributable to a higher mass accretion rate in the rho Oph cloud. We estimate an embedded YSO phase lifetime of approximately (2 +/- 1) x 10(5) yr, which is comparable to that of the Taurus-Auriga clouds. We estimate the masses of the Class II and III cloud population by comparing source luminosities to pre-main-sequence stellar models and find the mean Class II mass to be 1.0 M.. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. CENS,SERV ASTROPHYS,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP GREENE, TP (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,2680 WOODLAWN DR,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 63 TC 273 Z9 274 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 2 BP 614 EP 626 DI 10.1086/174763 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PL837 UT WOS:A1994PL83700023 ER PT J AU COLINVAUX, P AF COLINVAUX, P TI RARITY - GASTON,KJ SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review RP COLINVAUX, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6499 BP 666 EP 666 DI 10.1038/371666a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PM773 UT WOS:A1994PM77300042 ER PT J AU GRINDLAY, JE AF GRINDLAY, JE TI ASTROPHYSICS - BLACK-HOLES TAKE CENTER STAGE SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GALACTIC-CENTER RP GRINDLAY, JE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 13 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6498 BP 561 EP 562 DI 10.1038/371561a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PL559 UT WOS:A1994PL55900029 ER PT J AU FABBIANO, G FASSNACHT, C TRINCHIERI, G AF FABBIANO, G FASSNACHT, C TRINCHIERI, G TI HIGH-RESOLUTION OPTICAL AND UV OBSERVATIONS OF THE CENTERS OF NGC-1316 AND NGC-3998 WITH THE HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (NGC 1316, NGC 3998); GALAXIES, NUCLEI; ULTRAVIOLET, GALAXIES ID PLANETARY CAMERA OBSERVATIONS; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; RADIO GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLE; EMISSION; NUCLEUS; MASS; CORE; SPECTROSCOPY AB B and UV high-resolution images obtained with the HST FOC reveal centrally increasing surface brightness and UV-bright point sources at the nuclei of the early-type galaxies NGC 1316 and NGC 3998. Model fitting of the surface brightness distribution does not exclude a central flattening, which could however be the result of extinction and/or of improper evaluation of the point-source component. The present data, while not requiring the presence of central massive black holes in these two galaxies, make them possible candidates. Follow-up work is needed to study this point further. The presence of unresolved nuclei gives model-dependent support to this quest, if these sources are due to small AGN. These UV-bright sources could belong to the low-luminosity end of active nuclear emission. C1 OSSERV ASTRON MILANO,I-20121 MILAN,ITALY. RP FABBIANO, G (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 1 BP 67 EP & DI 10.1086/174705 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PK764 UT WOS:A1994PK76400007 ER PT J AU JAFFE, W MCNAMARA, BR AF JAFFE, W MCNAMARA, BR TI H-I AND CO IN THE NUCLEAR DISK OF NGC-4261 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ELLIPTIC AND LENTICULAR, CD; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (NGC 4261); GALAXIES, ISM; GALAXIES, NUCLEI ID ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; RADIO GALAXIES; ABSORPTION; NGC4261; GAS AB We detect radio absorption from neutral gas in the nuclear disk of NGC 4261 seen in front of the nuclear radio source. The gas surface density is consistent with that inferred from the dust optical depth and a gas/dust ratio near the Galactic value. The moderately high velocity dispersion of the gas suggests that the disk orbits would decay rapidly unless the disk is in essentially solid body rotation. The absorption seen in NGC 4261 is consistent with that expected in dust torus ''unified models'' of radio galaxies, but similar absorption is only seen in a relatively small fraction of radio galaxies. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP JAFFE, W (reprint author), LEIDEN OBSERV,NIELSBOHRWEG 2,POB 9513,2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 1 BP 110 EP 113 DI 10.1086/174708 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PK764 UT WOS:A1994PK76400010 ER PT J AU GREEN, PJ MARGON, B ANDERSON, SF COOK, KH AF GREEN, PJ MARGON, B ANDERSON, SF COOK, KH TI A CCD SURVEY FOR FAINT HIGH-LATITUDE CARBON STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, CARBON; STARS, EVOLUTION; STARS, STATISTICS; SURVEYS ID NORTH GALACTIC POLE; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; STELLAR CONTENT; HALO; KINEMATICS; GALAXIES; QUASARS; GIANTS; SYSTEM; COUNTS AB We describe a wide-area CCD survey to search for faint high-latitude carbon (FHLC) stars. Carbon giants provide excellent probes of the structure and kinematics of the outer Galactic halo. We use two-color photometric selection with large-format CCDs to cover 52 deg(2) of sky to a depth of about V = 18. Of 94 faint C star candidates from our own CCD survey, one highly ranked V = 17 candidate was found to have strong carbon and CN bands. We estimate that, to a depth of V = 18, the surface density of FHLC stars is 0.02 deg(-2) An updated FHLC sample is used to constrain halo kinematic and structural parameters. Although larger samples are needed, the effective radius of FHLC giants, assuming a de Vaucouleurs law distribution, is larger than that for Galactic globular clusters. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,EXPTL ASTROPHYS LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP GREEN, PJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012 NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 1 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1086/174730 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PK764 UT WOS:A1994PK76400032 ER PT J AU CALVET, N HARTMANN, L KENYON, SJ WHITNEY, BA AF CALVET, N HARTMANN, L KENYON, SJ WHITNEY, BA TI FLAT SPECTRUM T-TAURI STARS - THE CASE FOR INFALL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; INFRARED, STARS; LINE, FORMATION; STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MODEL SCATTERING ENVELOPES; HL-TAURI; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; ACCRETION DISKS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; RADIO-SOURCE AB We show that the mid- to far-infrared fluxes of ''flat spectrum'' T Tauri stars can be explained by radiative equilibrium emission from infalling dusty envelopes. Infall eliminates the need for accretion disks with nonstandard temperature distributions. The simplicity and power of this explanation indicates that models employing ''active'' disks, in which the temperature distribution is a parameterized power law, should be invoked with caution. Infall also naturally explains the scattered light nebulae detected around many flat spectrum sources. To match the observed spectra, material must fall onto a disk rather than the central star, as expected for collapse of a rotating molecular cloud. It may be necessary to invoke cavities in the envelopes to explain the strength of optical and near-infrared emission; these cavities could be produced by the powerful bipolar outflows commonly observed from young stars. If viewed along the cavity, a source may be lightly extincted at visual wavelengths, while still accreting substantial amounts of material from the envelope. Infall may also be needed to explain the infrared-bright companions of many optical T Tauri stars. This picture suggests that many of the flat spectrum sources are ''protostars''-young stellar objects surrounded by dusty infalling envelopes of substantial mass. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. INST ESTUDIS CATALANS,ASTROFIS SOC CATALANA FIS GRP,BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP CALVET, N (reprint author), CTR INVEST ASTRON,AP POSTAL 264,MERIDA 5101A,VENEZUELA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 61 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 1 BP 330 EP 340 DI 10.1086/174731 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PK764 UT WOS:A1994PK76400033 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, BP KIRSHNER, RP LEIBUNDGUT, B WELLS, LA PORTER, AC RUIZLAPUENTE, P CHALLIS, P FILIPPENKO, AV AF SCHMIDT, BP KIRSHNER, RP LEIBUNDGUT, B WELLS, LA PORTER, AC RUIZLAPUENTE, P CHALLIS, P FILIPPENKO, AV TI SN 1991T - REFLECTIONS OF PAST GLORY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUPERNOVA, INDIVIDUAL (SN 1991T) ID IA SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT ECHOES; CCD PHOTOMETRY; SN-1991T; SPECTRA; PROGRAM; 1987A; RANGE AB We have obtained photometry and spectra of SN 1991T which extend more than 1000 days past maximum light, by far the longest a SN Ia has been followed. Although SN 1991T exhibited nearly photometric behavior in the first 400 days following maximum, by 600 days its decline had slowed, and by 950 days the supernova brightness was consistent with a constant apparent magnitude of m(B) = 21.30. Spectra near maximum showed minor variations on the SN Ia theme which grew less conspicuous during the exponential decline. At 270 days the nebular spectrum was composed of Fe and Co lines common to SN Ia. However, by 750 days past maximum light, these lines had shifted in vavelength, and were superposed on a strong blue continuum. The luminosity of SN 1991T at 950 days is more than 9.0 x 10(38)(D/13 Mpc)(2) ergs s(-1) with a rate of decline of less than 0.04 mag per 100 days. We show that this emission is likely to be light that was emitted by SN 1991T near maximum light which has reflected from foreground dust, much like the light echos observed around SN 1987A. C1 EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. KITT PEAK NATL OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SCHMIDT, BP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0002-8538-9195 NR 38 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 434 IS 1 BP L19 EP L23 DI 10.1086/187562 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PK765 UT WOS:A1994PK76500005 ER PT J AU SHERTZER, J CHANDLER, A GAVRILA, M AF SHERTZER, J CHANDLER, A GAVRILA, M TI H-2(+) IN SUPERINTENSE LASER FIELDS - ALIGNMENT AND SPECTRAL RESTRUCTURING SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STABILIZATION; DISSOCIATION; BOND; H-2+; H2+ AB In superintense, relatively high-frequency fields, H-2(+) presents a strikingly different behavior from that found at lower frequencies. By applying the high-frequency Floquet theory of laser-atom interactions, we predict for the ground state progressive alignment of the molecular axis with the direction of a linearly polarized field as the intensity increases and persistence of the bond strength. The energy spectrum undergoes complete restructuring: while the field-free rotational levels become librational, they are gradually promoted with respect to the vibrational ones. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02133. FOM,INST ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,1098 SJ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP SHERTZER, J (reprint author), COLL HOLY CROSS,DEPT PHYS,WORCESTER,MA 01610, USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 15 BP 2039 EP 2042 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2039 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PM774 UT WOS:A1994PM77400008 ER PT J AU GILMAN, PA CANOUTS, V BISHOP, RL AF GILMAN, PA CANOUTS, V BISHOP, RL TI THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CLASSIC MIMBRES BLACK-ON-WHITE POTTERY SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID ARCHAEOLOGICAL CERAMICS AB Because the most abundant and finest quality Classic Mimbres Black-on-white ceramics are associated with large pueblos located in the Mimbres Valley, archaeologists have subscribed to a center-periphery model of exchange to explain the occurrence of these ceramics outside of the ''heartland.'' Recent instrumental neutron-activation analysis based on 117 samples from six sites and supported by petrographic analyses demonstrates that separable production groups can be distinguished outside of, as well as within, the valley proper. Widely distributed production locales do not support a model of centralized control over production and distribution. The analyses thus raise questions about the purposes of such visually distinct pottery and the nature of its exchange. C1 NATL PK SERV,DIV ARCHEOL ASSISTANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GILMAN, PA (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY AMERICAN ANTIQUITY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE #12 ATTN: BRIGHID BRADY-DE LAMBERT, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 695 EP 709 DI 10.2307/282343 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA PZ790 UT WOS:A1994PZ79000009 ER PT J AU CHRISTY, JH SCHOBER, UM AF CHRISTY, JH SCHOBER, UM TI A TEST FOR RESOURCE-DEFENSE MATING IN THE FIDDLER-CRAB UCA BEEBEI SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID FEMALE CHOICE; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLES; NORTH-CAROLINA; MATE CHOICE; SALT-MARSH; PUGILATOR; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; ECOLOGY AB Males of the fiddler crab Uca beebei defend, court from and attract females to burrows in intertidal mud flats. Females sequentially enter and leave several male burrows before they stay in one, mate and breed. This reproductive pattern is common among fiddler crabs and suggests that males may compete for females by competing for high-quality breeding sites and females may choose mates based on burrow quality. These ideas were tested for U. beebei by comparing structural features of (1) male and female burrows and (2) the male burrows females entered and left and those in which they mated. Male burrows had narrower openings and shafts than female burrows, but neither these nor 10 other burrow features differed between the male burrows females left and those in which they mated. Thus, there was no evidence of resource-defence mating in U. beebei. This pattern of mating behaviour may be rare in the genus because burrows suitable for breeding generally may be abundant and available to both sexes. Male fiddler crabs may compete for burrows due to their value for post-copulatory mate guarding and females may choose mates on the basis of courtship displays, not the quality of burrows for breeding. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 48 IS 4 BP 795 EP 802 DI 10.1006/anbe.1994.1303 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA PN871 UT WOS:A1994PN87100004 ER PT J AU HERSEK, MJ OWINGS, DH AF HERSEK, MJ OWINGS, DH TI TAIL FLAGGING BY YOUNG CALIFORNIA GROUND-SQUIRRELS, SPERMOPHILUS-BEECHEYI - AGE-SPECIFIC PARTICIPATION IN A TONIC COMMUNICATIVE SYSTEM SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID ONTOGENY AB This report describes a field study of tail flagging by young California ground squirrels, and compares their behaviour to that of adults. Focal and scan samples of marked animals were used to determine the context of signalling, and to establish the behavioural concomitants of flagging in the signaller and potential perceivers. Both pups and adults invariably use this signal when encountering a snake, but both tail flag more often when there is no obvious elicitor (Hersek & Owings 1993, Anim. Behav., 45, 129-138). When no snake was present, pups used tail flagging in tonic communication, as adults did. Although tail flagging by adult females was related to the vulnerability of pups, signalling by both adult males and pups reflected their own vulnerability. Tail flagging by adult males and pups differed, however, in its effects on perceivers. Adult males induced nearby animals to maintain higher levels of snake vigilance, while tail flagging by pups induced others to remain nearby. Pups distinguished more clearly between contexts of tail flagging than did adults. Both pups and adults tail flagged more frequently on days when snakes were on the site (than when snakes were absent), but this difference was greater for pups than for adults. Pups were also more likely than adults to pair tail flagging with calling while dealing directly with snakes (as contrasted with flagging when no snake was present). Overall, the differences between pups and adults appear to fit an age-specific interpretation of ontogeny. Pup use of tail flagging seems appropriate for their developmental stage, and does not simply reflect an incompletely developed signalling system. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,ANIM BEHAV GRAD GRP,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP HERSEK, MJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 48 IS 4 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.1006/anbe.1994.1304 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA PN871 UT WOS:A1994PN87100005 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI A NOTE ON MILTON 'LYCIDAS' SO ANQ-A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF SHORT ARTICLES NOTES AND REVIEWS LA English DT Note RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O A N Q, UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT ENGLISH 1215 PATTERSON OFFICE TOWER, LEXINGTON, KY 40506-0027 SN 0895-769X J9 ANQ-Q J SHORT ART N JI Anq-A. J. Short Artic. Notes Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 208 EP 209 PG 2 WC Literature SC Literature GA QE633 UT WOS:A1994QE63300003 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, N KENNICUTT, R SCHOMMER, R AF CALDWELL, N KENNICUTT, R SCHOMMER, R TI S0S AND THE LOWER LIMIT OF STAR-FORMATION RATES IN DISK GALAXIES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL-HYDROGEN CONTENT; H-ALPHA; REGIONS; AGES; GAS AB As an extension of our study of star formation and H II regions in Sa galaxies, we have observed eight disk galaxies classified SO-SO/Sa. We have detected discrete H II regions in three of these, all classified SO/Sa because their faint star-forming regions are visible on broadband images. Each of these galaxies has about 15 H II regions, with a total luminosity in H alpha between L = 10(38.3) and 10(37.7) ergs s(-1). The star-formation rate in these galaxies implied by the Her luminosity is less than 0.004.M(circle dot) yr(-1), as compared to greater than 0.1.M(circle dot) yr(-1) in Sa galaxies. We conclude that normal star formation in disk galaxies can occur in exceedingly small amounts. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV,LA SERENA,CHILE. RP CALDWELL, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,FL WHIPPLE OBSERV,BOX 97,AMADO,AZ 85645, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1186 EP 1190 DI 10.1086/117147 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PJ505 UT WOS:A1994PJ50500006 ER PT J AU STAUFFER, JR PROSSER, CF HARTMANN, L MCCAUGHREAN, MJ AF STAUFFER, JR PROSSER, CF HARTMANN, L MCCAUGHREAN, MJ TI ADDITIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS IN THE TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID T-TAURI STARS; OPHIUCHI DARK CLOUD; ORION-NEBULA; VARIABILITY; OBJECTS AB We discuss new constraints on the population of compact ionized sources in the Trapezium Cluster thought to arise from the ionization by the central OB stars of circumstellar disks around low-mass pre-main sequence stars. We present new HST Planetary Camera observations of two of these candidate disk sources, resolving extended nebulosity around them. One source shows a small-scale (greater than or similar to 100 AU) bow-shock structure, previously seen on larger scales by O'Dell et al. We show that the circumstellar disk model is the most likely one for the majority of sources, although it remains plausible that some of the larger objects could be equilibrium globules. We combine the most complete censuses of compact radio sources and stars in the core region to derive the fraction of the stellar population that may be associated with a circumstellar disk. Our estimate of 25%-75% is comparable to that found for PMS stars in the Taurus-Auriga dark clouds, indicating that the dense cluster environment of the Trapezium has not drastically reduced the frequency of disks seen around pre-main sequence stars. C1 MAX PLANCK INST ASTRON,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RP STAUFFER, JR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.1086/117159 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PJ505 UT WOS:A1994PJ50500018 ER PT J AU MCCAUGHREAN, MJ STAUFFER, JR AF MCCAUGHREAN, MJ STAUFFER, JR TI HIGH-RESOLUTION NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING OF THE TRAPEZIUM - A STELLAR CENSUS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OPHIUCHI DARK CLOUD; T-TAURI STARS; ORION-NEBULA; SYSTEMATIC SEARCH; DISKS; MULTIPLICITY; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; REGIONS; DWARFS AB We present high spatial resolution (0.35 and 0.65 arcsec FWHM) near-infrared images of the central 0.2X0.2 pc of the Trapezium Cluster in the Orion Nebula, centered on the Trapezium OB stars. These images provide the most complete census of stars in this region, and we give accurate positions and near-infrared (2.1 mu m) magnitudes for 123 stars. After accounting for line-of-sight projection, we estimate a stellar density for the duster of similar to 4.7x10(4) stars per cubic parsec in the similar to 0.1 pc diameter core. We identify stellar counterparts to virtually all the known dense knots of ionized gas seen at optical and radio wavelengths, strongly supporting the hypothesis that many are either intrinsic stellar radio emitters or circumstellar disks around stars, and not simply dense clumps of gas and dust. We derive approximate masses for the stars associated with the compact knots, finding that the majority are relatively low mass. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP MCCAUGHREAN, MJ (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST ASTRON,KONIGSTUHL 17,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. NR 54 TC 291 Z9 292 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1382 EP 1397 DI 10.1086/117160 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PJ505 UT WOS:A1994PJ50500019 ER PT J AU VANPARADIJS, J MCCLINTOCK, JE AF VANPARADIJS, J MCCLINTOCK, JE TI ABSOLUTE VISUAL MAGNITUDES OF LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE STARS, BINARIES, CLOSE, NEUTRON, DISTANCES; X-RAYS, STARS ID GALACTIC LATITUDE ABSOLUTE-VALUE-OF-B-LESS-THAN-10-DEGREES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-6712; V 3A CATALOG; COUNTERPART; BURSTER; ULTRAVIOLET; A0620-00 AB We have derived absolute visual magnitudes for 18 low-mass X-ray binaries using Various methods (membership of a stellar system with known distance, Eddington luminosity X-ray standard candle, and absolute magnitude of the secondary star). A simple model for the optical emission is presented in which the X rays from the central source are reprocessed in an accretion disk of standard shape; this model implies that the optical luminosity, Lv, scales with the X-ray luminosity, Lx, and the outer radius of the accretion disk, R, approximately as L(v) proportional to L(x)(1/2)R. The absolute visual magnitudes of active low-mass X-ray binaries are found to range between similar to 5 and similar to -5. This large range is the consequence of the large range in the X-ray luminosity and size of the accretion disk. C1 CTR HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS, 1098 SJ AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT PHYS, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35899 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP VANPARADIJS, J (reprint author), UNIV AMSTERDAM, ASTRON INST ANTON PANNEKOEK, KRUISLAAN 403, 1098 SJ AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. NR 27 TC 207 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 290 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PL373 UT WOS:A1994PL37300019 ER PT J AU STORM, J CARNEY, BW LATHAM, DW AF STORM, J CARNEY, BW LATHAM, DW TI DISTANCES AND LUMINOSITIES FOR RR LYRAE STARS IN M-5 AND M-92 FROM A BAADE-WESSELINK ANALYSIS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE STARS, DISTANCES; STARS, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; STARS, HORIZONTAL-BRANCH; STARS, VARIABLES, OTHER; GLOBULAR CLUSTERS, INDIVIDUAL, M 5, M 92 ID OOSTERHOFF PERIOD GROUPS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER SYSTEM; LIVERMORE OPAL OPACITIES; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES; CCD PHOTOMETRY; BV PHOTOMETRY; VY SERPENTIS; STANDARD STARS; RV-PHOENICIS AB We present an improved fitting procedure for the surface-brightness variant of the Baade-Wesselink method and absolute magnitudes and distances to two RR Lyrae stars in M 5 and two in M 92. The new statistical method has been developed to more objectively match the spectroscopic and photometric angular diameter variations, which is necessary to successfully cope with the lower precision in the K band photometry for the faint cluster variables vs. the bright field RR Lyraes previously studied. Within the uncertainties we do not detect a significant difference between the cluster and field RR Lyrae stars. The distances to M 5 and M 92 are estimated to be 14.(m)37 +/- 0.18 and 14.(m)60 +/- 0.26 respectively. Our results suggest that previous age estimates for M 92 and other metal-poor clusters may be too large although the current uncertainties prevents us from firmly establishing this. C1 COPENHAGEN UNIV OBSERV, DK-1350 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK. UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP STORM, J (reprint author), EUROPEAN SO OBSERV, CASILLA 19001, SANTIAGO 19, CHILE. NR 71 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 290 IS 2 BP 443 EP 457 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PM605 UT WOS:A1994PM60500012 ER PT J AU NISINI, B SMITH, HA FISCHER, J GEBALLE, TR AF NISINI, B SMITH, HA FISCHER, J GEBALLE, TR TI NGC-2024-IRS 2 - AN OUTBURST IN ITS NEAR-INFRARED LINE AND CONTINUUM EMISSION SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE STARS, INDIVIDUAL, NGC 2024 IRS 2; INFRARED, STARS; STARS, EARLY-TYPE; STARS, EMISSION-LINE; STARS, VARIABLE ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; NGC-2024; OBJECTS AB We present new near infrared spectroscopy, photometry, and narrow band imaging of the young stellar object NGC 2024 IRS 2. The data include high and low resolution spectra of Br gamma, Br alpha, and Pf gamma, single channel, JHKL' photometry, and images in Br gamma and nearby continuum. The source has had a burst in its infrared emission, typically increasing by one magnitude in continuum brightness and by factors of 4-8 in line intensity, since 1989, and apparently reached a maximum in 1991. A large velocity shift has occurred in the peaks of the hydrogen lines, from similar to +40 km s(-1) LSR in 1984 to similar to -25 km s(-1) at present. Observation of such dramatic changes is unprecedented in studies of luminous YSO's. The data exclude external phenomena such as variable extinction or binary occultation as the origin of the observed variability, and appear more indicative of changes in the physical conditions of the star and its circumstellar environment. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM, ASTROPHYS LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. USN, RES LAB, DIV REMOTE SENSING, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. JOINT ASTRON CTR, HILO, HI 96720 USA. RP NISINI, B (reprint author), CNR, IST FIS SPAZIO INTERPLANETARIO, CASELLA POSTALE 27, I-00044 FRASCATI, ITALY. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 290 IS 2 BP 463 EP 472 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PM605 UT WOS:A1994PM60500014 ER PT J AU RYBICKI, GB HUMMER, DG AF RYBICKI, GB HUMMER, DG TI AN ACCELERATED LAMBDA-ITERATION METHOD FOR MULTILEVEL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER .3. NONCOHERENT ELECTRON-SCATTERING SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RADIATIVE TRANSFER; SCATTERING; LINE, FORMATION STARS, ATMOSPHERES, EARLY-TYPE ID STARS; CONTINUUM; EMISSION AB Since the mass of the electron is very small relative to atomic masses, Thomson scattering of low-energy photons (h nu << m(e)c(2)) produces thermal Doppler frequency shifts that are much larger than atomic Doppler widths. A method is developed here to evaluate the electron scattering emissivity from a given radiation field which is considerably faster than previous methods based on straightforward evaluation of the scattering integral. This procedure is implemented in our multilevel radiative code (MALI), which now takes full account of the effects of noncoherent electron scattering on level populations, as well as on the emergent spectrum. Calculations using model atmospheres of hot, low-gravity stars display not only the expected broad wings of strong emission lines but also effects arising from the scattering of photons across continuum edges. In extreme cases this leads to significant shifts of the ionization equilibrium of helium. C1 MAX PLANCK INST ASTROPHYS, D-85740 GARCHING, GERMANY. UNIV MUNICH, INST ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY. RP RYBICKI, GB (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 290 IS 2 BP 553 EP 562 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PM605 UT WOS:A1994PM60500023 ER PT J AU JORGENSEN, I FRANX, M AF JORGENSEN, I FRANX, M TI THE NATURE OF E AND S0 GALAXIES - A STUDY OF A MAGNITUDE-LIMITED SAMPLE OF GALAXIES IN THE COMA CLUSTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, CLUSTERS, INDIVIDUAL (COMA); GALAXIES, CLUSTERS OF; GALAXIES, ELLIPTIC AND LENTICULAR, CD; GALAXIES, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; GALAXIES, PHOTOMETRY ID CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; ISOPHOTE SHAPES; SCATTER; DISKS; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; FIELD; BULGE AB Differences and similarities of E and SO galaxies have been investigated on basis of new CCD surface photometry in Gunn r for 171 galaxies within the central square degree of the Coma Cluster; 146 of the galaxies are classified as E or SO. The galaxies form a magnitude-limited sample with Gunn r less-than-or-equal-to 15.3 mag. Together with the sample of Virgo galaxies compiled by Caon et al. (1993), this sample is one of the first volume-limited samples. The isophotal shapes of the galaxies have been studied in terms of ellipticity, c4 and c6. The sample is deficit of apparently round SO galaxies. The distribution of the apparent ellipticities for the SO galaxies cannot be fitted satisfactorily with any simple distribution of the intrinsic ellipticities. This suggests that face-on SO galaxies have been classified as ellipticals. It is shown that the ellipticity-c4 diagram can be used for determination of relative disk luminosities, L(D)/L(tot). The distribution of L(D)/L(tot) for galaxies fainter than M(BT) = -22 mag is very broad (H-0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1 is used). The distribution is best fitted by a model where 10% of the galaxies are diskless and 90% of the galaxies are drawn from a distribution which is uniform from zero to one. This model also predicts distributions of apparent ellipticities, c4, and inclinations which are in agreement with the data. E galaxies brighter than M(BT) = -22 mag do not show any evidence of disks and may form another class. The sample contains no SO galaxies brighter than M(BT) = -22 mag. Our analysis implies that the E and SO galaxies fainter than M(BT) = -22 mag form one class of galaxies with a continuous change in L(D)/L(tot). Face-on members of this class are mostly classified as E galaxies while more edge-on members are classified as SO galaxies. Further, it is found that only 12% of all the galaxies in the sample are truly diskless systems. The diskless systems contribute almost-equal-to 30% to the total luminosity of the sample, most of this originates from the six brightest galaxies. It is estimated that almost-equal-to 60% of the total luminosity of the sample originates from bulges. C1 COPENHAGEN UNIV OBSERV,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV TEXAS,MCDONALD OBSERV,AUSTIN,TX 78712. KAPTEYN LAB,9700 AV GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 34 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 433 IS 2 BP 553 EP 566 DI 10.1086/174666 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PJ925 UT WOS:A1994PJ92500012 ER PT J AU WHITE, RE DAY, CSR HATSUKADE, I HUGHES, JP AF WHITE, RE DAY, CSR HATSUKADE, I HUGHES, JP TI ABUNDANCE GRADIENTS IN COOLING FLOW CLUSTERS - GINGA LARGE-AREA COUNTERS AND EINSTEIN SOLID-STATE SPECTROMETER SPECTRA OF A496, A1795, A2142, AND A2199 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COOLING FLOWS; GALAXIES, ABUNDANCES; GALAXIES, CLUSTERS OF; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID X-RAY-EMISSION; INTRACLUSTER GAS; PERSEUS CLUSTER; VIRGO CLUSTER; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; EXOSAT OBSERVATIONS; ABSORBING MATTER; OPTICAL-EMISSION; COMA CLUSTER; DARK MATTER AB We analyze the Ginga LAC and Einstein SSS spectra of four cooling flow clusters, A496, A1795, A2142, and A2199, each of which shows firm evidence of a relatively cool component. The inclusion of such cool spectral components in joint fits of SSS and LAC data leads to somewhat higher global temperatures than are derived from the high-energy LAC data alone. We find little evidence of cool emission outside the SSS field of view. Metal abundances appear to be centrally enhanced in all four clusters, with varying degrees of model dependence and statistical significance: the evidence is statistically strongest for A496 and A2142, somewhat weaker for A2199 and weakest for A1795. We also explore the model dependence in the amount of cold, X-ray absorbing matter discovered in these clusters by White et al. C1 MIYAZAKI UNIV,DEPT ELECTR ENGN,MIYAZAKI 88921,JAPAN. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GSFC,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP WHITE, RE (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BOX 870324,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487, USA. NR 69 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 433 IS 2 BP 583 EP 601 DI 10.1086/174669 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PJ925 UT WOS:A1994PJ92500015 ER PT J AU GIOIA, IM LUPPINO, GA AF GIOIA, IM LUPPINO, GA TI THE EMSS CATALOG OF X-RAY-SELECTED CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES .1. AN ATLAS OF CCD IMAGES OF 41 DISTANT CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ATLASES; GALAXIES, CLUSTERING; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; N-LOG-S; COOLING FLOWS; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES; ARC SYSTEM; SAMPLE; EVOLUTION; Z=0.54 AB An atlas of deep, wide-field R-band CCD images of a complete sample of distant, X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies is presented. These clusters are the 41 most distant(z greater than or equal to 0.15) and most X-ray-luminous (L(x) greater than or equal to 2 x 10(44) ergs s(-1)) clusters in the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) catalog that are observable from Mauna Kea (delta > -40 degrees). The sample spans a redshift range of 0.15 greater than or equal to z greater than or equal to 0.81 and includes at least two and possibly as many as six rich clusters with z > 0.5. For the most part, the data are of superior quality, with a median seeing of 0.8'' FWHM and coverage of at least 1 Mpc X 1 Mpc in the cluster frame (H-0 = 50; q(0) = 1/2). In addition, we update the available optical, X-ray, and radio data on the entire EMSS sample of 104 clusters. We outline the cluster selection criteria in detail and emphasize that X-ray-selected cluster samples may prove to be more useful for cosmological studies than optically selected samples. The EMSS cluster sample in particular can be exploited for diverse cosmological investigations, as demonstrated by the detection of evolution in the X-ray luminosity function previously reported, and more recently by the discovery of a large number of gravitationally lensed images in these clusters. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP GIOIA, IM (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,2680 WOODLAWN DR,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI Gioia, Isabella/B-6982-2012 OI Gioia, Isabella/0000-0003-3127-498X NR 48 TC 212 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 94 IS 2 BP 583 EP 614 DI 10.1086/192083 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PH224 UT WOS:A1994PH22400004 ER PT J AU MCLAUGHLIN, BM BELL, KL AF MCLAUGHLIN, BM BELL, KL TI ANALYTICAL FITS FOR ELECTRON COLLISIONALLY EXCITED EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS OF O-II SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES ID INTERMULTIPLET 1S(2)2S(2)2P(3); PLANETARY-NEBULAE; EXCITATION; 1S(2)2S2P(4); TRANSITIONS AB Accurate effective collision strengths have recently been calculated in LS coupling for electron excitation of singly ionized atomic oxygen using an eleven-state R-matrix approximation. These data are fitted to interpolation formulae which are valid for the range of temperatures 5000 to 1,000,000 kelvins. Interpolated values may readily be obtained using a Numerical Algorithm Group (NAG) library routine or by an easily coded algorithm. C1 QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,BELFAST BT7 1NN,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. RP MCLAUGHLIN, BM (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 94 IS 2 BP 825 EP 827 DI 10.1086/192091 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PH224 UT WOS:A1994PH22400012 ER PT J AU RHYMER, JM WILLIAMS, MJ BRAUN, MJ AF RHYMER, JM WILLIAMS, MJ BRAUN, MJ TI MITOCHONDRIAL ANALYSIS OF GENE FLOW BETWEEN NEW-ZEALAND MALLARDS (ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS) AND GREY-DUCKS (A-SUPERCILIOSA) SO AUK LA English DT Article ID BLACK DUCKS; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; INTROGRESSION; POPULATIONS; ANATIDAE; HYBRIDS AB One of the more well-known examples of hybridization in birds is the frequently documented occurrence between sexually dimorphic Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and several closely related nondimorphic species in the mallard complex. In New Zealand, the Grey Duck (Anas superciliosa superciliosa) is the indigenous, nondimorphic Mallardlike species, and extensive hybridization with introduced Mallards has been implicated in the population decline of Grey Ducks. Individuals from throughout the country were classified phenotypically as parentals or hybrids based on variation in plumage, bill color, and leg color. We confirmed species-specific mitochondrial DNA haplotypes by comparing restriction-enzyme fragment patterns in Grey Ducks and New Zealand Mallards to those of Pacific Black Ducks (A. superciliosa rogersi) from Australia and Mallards from North America, respectively. Our data indicate that hybridization has led not only to introgression of Grey Duck mtDNA into Mallard populations (the predicted direction of gene now), but also to significant introgression of Mallard mtDNA into Grey Duck populations. Thus, the contention that hybridization between Mallards and nondimorphic species involves primarily Mallard males with females of the other species is not upheld for this example from New Zealand. The speciation process appears to be undergoing reversal. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. DEPT CONSERVAT,DIRECTORATE SCI & RES,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. NR 45 TC 81 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1994 VL 111 IS 4 BP 970 EP 978 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RX856 UT WOS:A1994RX85600019 ER PT J AU BROWN, JL WASSER, SK WILDT, DE GRAHAM, LH AF BROWN, JL WASSER, SK WILDT, DE GRAHAM, LH TI COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF STEROID-HORMONE METABOLISM AND OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN FELIDS, MEASURED NONINVASIVELY IN FECES SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID INTRAUTERINE ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-CYNOCEPHALUS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FECAL STEROIDS; CIRCULATING HORMONES; EXCRETED STEROIDS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PREGNANCY; CAT; PROGESTERONE AB Noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as a model, the excretory products of injected [C-14]estradiol (E(2)) and [C-14]progesterone (P-4) were determined. Within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 36.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered E(2) and P-4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. E(2) was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme-hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). P-4 was excreted primarily as non-enzyme-hydrolyzable, conjugated metabolites (78%) and as unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. A simple method for extracting fecal steroid metabolites optimized extraction efficiencies of the E(2) and P-4 excretion products (90.1 +/- 0.8% and 87.2 +/- 1.4%, respectively). Analysis of HPLC fractions of extracted fecal samples from the radiolabel-injected domestic cats revealed that E(2) immunoreactivity coincided primarily with the unconjugated metabolized [C-14]E(2) peak, whereas progestogen immunoreactivity coincided with a single conjugated epimer and multiple unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. After HPLC separation, similar immunoreactive E(2) and P-4 metabolite profiles were observed in the leopard cat (F. bengalensis), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that changes in fecal E(2) and P-4 metabolite concentrations reflected natural or artificially induced ovarian activity. For example, severalfold increases in E(2) excretion were associated with overt estrus or exogenous gonadotropin treatment, and elevated fecal P-4 metabolite concentrations occurred during pregnant and nonpregnant (pseudopregnant) luteal phases. Although overall concentrations were similar, the duration of elevated fecal P-4 metabolites during pseudopregnancy was approximately half that observed during pregnancy. In summary, steroid metabolism mechanisms appear to be conserved among these physically diverse, taxonomically related species. Results indicate that this hormone-monitoring approach will be extremely useful for elucidating the hormonal regulatory mechanisms associated with the reproductive cycle, pregnancy, and parturition of intractable and endangered felid species. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP BROWN, JL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CTR CONSERVAT & RES,1500 REMOUNT RD,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 45 TC 236 Z9 245 U1 5 U2 43 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 776 EP 786 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.4.776 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PG805 UT WOS:A1994PG80500026 PM 7819459 ER PT J AU LANGE, OL BUDEL, B ZELLNER, H ZOTZ, G MEYER, A AF LANGE, OL BUDEL, B ZELLNER, H ZOTZ, G MEYER, A TI FIELD-MEASUREMENTS OF WATER RELATIONS AND CO2 EXCHANGE OF THE TROPICAL, CYANOBACTERIAL BASIDIOLICHEN DICTYONEMA-GLABRATUM IN A PANAMANIAN RAIN-FOREST SO BOTANICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE LICHEN; WATER CONTENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTION; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATING MECHANISM ID CORA-PAVONIA FRIES,E.; RAIN-FOREST; LICHENS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOBIONTS; EVOLUTION; HABITAT; DESERT; ZONE AB Diel time courses of microclimate, hydration, and CO2 exchange of the basidiolichen Dictyonema glabratum and its responses to experimentally changed conditions were measured for 14 days in a clearing of a premontane, tropical rainforest (Panama). Net photosynthesis (NP) was adapted to high temperatures and there was no depression of CO2 uptake at the highest thallus hydration. The presence of a CO2 concentrating mechanism was demonstrated. Decreased NP occurred after desiccation, and apparent photon yield of CO2 fixation was also sensitive to water loss. Natural NP was controlled by the interplay of thallus hydration and radiation. Regular, daily desiccation and dense cloud cover suppressed production. On average, 72% of the diurnal photosynthetic gain was lost during the night, and there were days with negative carbon balance. Nevertheless, total carbon gain of the lichen was extremely high. A tentative estimation suggests that annual carbon gain amounts to 228% of initial thallus carbon content. Because of their strong effect on net production, increased nocturnal temperatures as given at lower elevation, would lead to a negative carbon balance. This might explain the lack of abundance of this and other macrolichens in warmer, lowland rainforests. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP LANGE, OL (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,LEHRSTUHL BOT 2,JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,MITTLERER DALLENBERGWEG 64,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0932-8629 J9 BOT ACTA JI Bot. Acta PD OCT PY 1994 VL 107 IS 5 BP 279 EP 290 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PM381 UT WOS:A1994PM38100002 ER PT J AU SKOG, LE KVIST, LP AF SKOG, LE KVIST, LP TI NOVAE-GESNERIACEAE-NEOTROPICARUM .6. 5 NEW GESNERIACEAE FROM NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE GESNERIACEAE; COLUMNEA; DRYMONIA; GASTERANTHUS; BRAZIL; COLOMBIA; ECUADOR; PERU AB Columnea chrysotricha, C. cuspidata (both Columnea sect. Collandra), and Gasteranthus recurvatus are described from Colombia; C. sulcata (Columnea sect. Collandra) from Ecuador and Colombia; and Drymonia anisephylla from the Amazonian lowland rain forests of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. RP SKOG, LE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,NHB-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 46 IS 4 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.2307/2806915 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PZ767 UT WOS:A1994PZ76700008 ER PT J AU WHITE, PJ RALLS, K GARROTT, RA AF WHITE, PJ RALLS, K GARROTT, RA TI COYOTE - KIT FOX INTERACTIONS AS REVEALED BY TELEMETRY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID RED FOXES; COMPETITION; PREDATION; MAINE AB Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) avoid areas used extensively by coyotes (Canis latrans), apparently to reduce encounters with coyotes and possible injury or death. It is conceivable that kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) behave in a similar manner. We used telemetry to examine the spacing patterns and interactions among 24 coyotes and 38 San Joaquin kit foxes (V. m. mutica) in California during a period of declining and low prey abundance (1989-1991). Coyotes showed either territorial (n = 13) or transient (n = 11) spacing patterns, whereas all kit foxes were territorial. Spatially and temporally, coyote home ranges overlapped >30% of each fox home range. Both species used the overlap areas more than expected (P < 0.001), possibly because prey such as kangaroo rats were more abundant in these areas. Fifty-five percent of the areas used extensively by foxes during their nocturnal activities were overlapped by coyote nocturnal-use areas. Concurrently monitored coyotes and foxes that occupied overlapping home ranges (n = 25 combinations) were neither farther apart nor closer together than expected (P = 0.09-0.87), even when the coyote was in the fox's home range. Kit foxes did not avoid coyotes and may be able to coexist with them by exploiting certain prey species better than coyotes and maintaining numerous (greater than or equal to 20) dens throughout their home ranges to facilitate escape. Apparent differences in coyote - red fox and coyote - kit fox relations may be partially attributed to differences in resource selection and predator-avoidance strategies among fox species. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT WILDLIFE ECOL,MADISON,WI 53706. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 32 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1831 EP 1836 DI 10.1139/z94-247 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QJ066 UT WOS:A1994QJ06600020 ER PT J AU PENUELAS, J RIBAS-CARBO, M GONZALEZMELER, M AZCONBIETO, J AF PENUELAS, J RIBAS-CARBO, M GONZALEZMELER, M AZCONBIETO, J TI WATER STATUS, PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS, C/N RATIOS AND RESPIRATION RATES OF SITKA SPRUCE SEEDLING EXPOSED TO 70-PPBV OZONE FOR A SUMMER SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE WATER POTENTIAL; CHLOROPHYLL; NITROGEN; RESPIRATION; SITKA SPRUCE ID PICEA-ABIES L; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; NORWAY SPRUCE; L KARST; LEAF; REFLECTANCE; CONDUCTANCE; RESPONSES; PLANTS AB Three-year old seedlings of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. were exposed in large-scale chambers (solardomes) to 70 ppbv O-3 for an entire summer, 7 hr day(-1), under approximately ambient conditions. No macro- or microscopic injury, no fluorescence differences and no growth rate effects were found in the fumigated spruce. However, fumigated seedlings showed significantly lowered water potentials, chlorophyll concentrations, nitrogen and sulfur contents, and respiration rates. The old needles had higher cyanide-resistant respiration. These results were consistent with symptoms of forest decline affecting high-altitude forest and showed the presence of physiological changes even though there were no visible symptoms. C1 UNIV BARCELONA, DEPT BIOL VEGETAL, E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR, EDGEWATER, MD 21037 USA. RP PENUELAS, J (reprint author), UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA, CREAF, E-08193 BARCELONA, SPAIN. RI Ribas-Carbo, Miquel/N-1634-2013; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011 OI Ribas-Carbo, Miquel/0000-0002-7337-2089; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)90027-2 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QB477 UT WOS:A1994QB47700012 ER PT J AU THOMAS, PL AFABLE, PO AF THOMAS, PL AFABLE, PO TI KALLAHAN INVOCATIONS TO THE DEAD SO HOMME LA English DT Article AB Invocations (la'tuk) in the form of benediction of Kallahan ancestors are constructed from four speech activities: addressing, appealing, giving examples, and argumentation. In addition, they assume shared experiences between the speaker and the ancestor personified by a living member of his family. While analogous to normal dialogue, however, these modes exhibit substantial differences: the ancestor does not answer; the request for beneficence takes place in a feast which itself is the result of ancestral munificence, even if this cannot be deduced from the meaning of the invocation. This article goes on to examine four pragmatic concerns that affect the way these Kallahan la'tuk are understood. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP THOMAS, PL (reprint author), LIB CONGRESS,WASHINGTON,DC 20540, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOLES HAUTE ETUD SCI SOCIALES PI PARIS PA MARIE LOUISE DUFOUR 131 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0439-4216 J9 HOMME JI Homme PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 89 EP 99 PG 11 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA PQ335 UT WOS:A1994PQ33500006 ER PT J AU DUNN, M GERMANN, TC GOODSON, DZ TRAYNOR, CA MORGAN, JD WATSON, DK HERSCHBACH, DR AF DUNN, M GERMANN, TC GOODSON, DZ TRAYNOR, CA MORGAN, JD WATSON, DK HERSCHBACH, DR TI A LINEAR ALGEBRAIC-METHOD FOR EXACT COMPUTATION OF THE COEFFICIENTS OF THE 1/D EXPANSION OF THE SCHRODINGER-EQUATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; 2-ELECTRON ATOMS; VARIABLE DIMENSIONALITY; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; EXCITED-STATES; STRONG-FIELD; LIMIT; INTERPOLATION; ENERGIES; SYSTEMS AB The 1/D expansion, where D is the dimensionality of space, offers a promising new approach for obtaining highly accurate solutions to the Schrodinger equation for atoms and molecules. The method typically employs an asymptotic expansion calculated to rather large order. Computation of the expansion coefficients has been feasible for very small systems, but extending the existing computational techniques to systems with more than three degrees of freedom has proved difficult. We present a new algorithm that greatly facilitates this computation. It yields exact values for expansion coefficients, with less roundoff error than the best alternative method. Our algorithm is formulated completely in terms of tenser arithmetic, which makes it easier to extend to systems with more than three degrees of freedom and to excited stares, simplifies the development of computer codes, simplifies memory management, and makes it well suited for implementation on parallel computer architectures. We formulate the algorithm for the calculation of energy eigenvalues, wave functions, and expectation values for an arbitrary many-body system and give estimates of storage and computational costs. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. SO METHODIST UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DALLAS,TX 75275. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NEWARK,DE 19716. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP DUNN, M (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 7 BP 5987 EP 6004 DI 10.1063/1.467314 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA PH987 UT WOS:A1994PH98700057 ER PT J AU HUBER, BT BOERSMA, A AF HUBER, BT BOERSMA, A TI CRETACEOUS ORIGINATION OF ZEAUVIGERINA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PALEOCENE BISERIAL PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MASS EXTINCTION; TRISERIAL; RADIATION; OXYGEN; EOCENE AB Previous identification of Chiloguembelina and Zeauvigerina in Maastrichtian deep sea sediments has contrasted with the generally held view that both taxa evolved during the early Danian. Test dissection and biometric study of test outlines and growth trajectories now reveal that the Southern Ocean forms previously assigned to Chiloguembelina waiparaensis Jenkins, Zeauvigerina teuria Finlay, and some specimens of C. crinita (Glaessner) all belong to Zeauvigerina waiparaensis (Jenkins), a species originally described from the Danian of New Zealand, In addition to the sensu stricto concept of this species, four ''forma'' of Z. waiparaensis are described and illustrated here, Two of these forma (Z. waiparaensis forma improcera and Z. waiparaensis forma prolata) are considered immature growth stages and the other two (Z. waiparaensis forma velata and Z. waiparaensis forma palmula) are considered ecophenotypes, In the southern Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific, Z. waiparaensis appears just below the first occurrence of Abathomphalus mayaroensis, a zonal marker for the upper Maastrichtian, Simultaneous appearances of this species on both sides of Australia lends support to speculation that marine communication had been established between Antarctica and Australia by Maastrichtian time, Zeauvigerina waiparaensis first appears within the Danian in the Weddell Sea sector of the Southern Ocean, It is not clear why the first appearances are earlier in the southern Indo-Pacific region than in the southern South Atlantic, as preservation is moderate to good at all sites and no physical barrier to marine communication between the sites is apparent. Based on differences in the growth patterns, test shape, and apertural morphology of Z. waiparaensis and Chiloguembelina midwayensis (Cushman), the type species of Chiloguembelina, Zeauvigerina and Chiloguembelina are not considered as sharing a close phylogenetic relationship. Although in this study Zeauvigerina is presumed to have evolved from Laeviheterohelix during the late early Maastrichtian, no ancestral forms with an intermediate morphology have been identified, Biometric similarities between Z. waiparaensis and younger Paleocene species of Zeauvigerina indicate that these belong in the same monophyletic group. This study adds Z. waiparaensis to the well documented species of Hedbergella and Guembelitria that survived the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary extinction event and gave rise to Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal lineages, Unlike those other survivor taxa, however, the zeauvigerinid plexus did not play an important role in the Danian radiation of planktonic foraminifera, C1 MICROCLIMATES RES CONSULTANTS,STONY POINT,NY 10980. RP HUBER, BT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,NHB-121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 24 IS 4 BP 268 EP 287 PG 20 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA PW781 UT WOS:A1994PW78100007 ER PT J AU HENRICKSON, RC AF HENRICKSON, RC TI TELL-RUBEIDHEH - AN URUK VILLAGE IN THE HAMRIN,JEBEL - KILLICK,RG SO JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP HENRICKSON, RC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-2968 J9 J NEAR EASTERN STUD JI J. Near East. Stud. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 53 IS 4 BP 304 EP 306 DI 10.1086/373714 PG 3 WC Archaeology; Asian Studies SC Archaeology; Asian Studies GA PH181 UT WOS:A1994PH18100010 ER PT J AU WINTER, K ENGELBRECHT, B AF WINTER, K ENGELBRECHT, B TI SHORT-TERM CO2 RESPONSES OF LIGHT AND DARK CO2 FIXATION IN THE CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM PLANT KALANCHOE-PINNATA SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 EXCHANGE; CO2 RESPONSE; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; KALANCHOE PINNATA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXCHANGE AB Short-term responses of net CO2 assimilation rate (A), in the light and dark, to ambient CO2 partial pressure (between about 30 and 1000 mu bar) were studied in leaves of the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, Kalanchoe pinnata. The results show that it is possible to extrapolate from instantaneous measurements of net CO2 exchange to diurnal and nocturnal CO2 balances at different CO2 partial pressures. Instantaneous CO2 response curves were obtained by altering CO2 levels at 10-min intervals during the middle of the 12-h dark period (phase I of CAM) and during the last third of the 12-h light period (phase IV of CAM). CO2 partial pressures were also altered at longer, 12- to 24-h intervals and maximum rates of net CO2 uptake (A(max)) during light and dark periods were analysed in response to intercellular CO2 partial pressures (p(i)) occurring at the time of A(max). A(max)-p(i) relationships were identical to A-p(i)-curves from rapidly performed determinations during phases I and IV. Corresponding to previous findings with non-CAM species, A(max) and integrated net carbon gain during light and dark periods, respectively, showed a linear relationship. Nocturnal CO2 uptake in normal air was barely affected when light-period carbon gain was manipulated by alterations in CO2 partial pressure. Carbon gain during light periods, measured in normal air, was also independent of CO2-related changes in nocturnal carbon gain. Only after 12 h of darkness at the lowest CO2 concentration used (about 30 mu bar), was carbon gain increased under lighted conditions. RP WINTER, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 144 IS 4-5 BP 462 EP 467 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT611 UT WOS:A1994PT61100005 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, MS AF SIMPSON, MS TI THE GOLDEN DISK OF HEAVEN - METALWORK OF TIMURID IRAN - KOMAROFF,L SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 FREER GALLERY ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP SIMPSON, MS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ARTHUR M SACKLER GALLERY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORIENTAL SOCIETY PI ANN ARBOR PA HARLAN HATCHER GRADUATE LIB UNIV OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-1205 SN 0003-0279 J9 J AM ORIENTAL SOC JI J. Am. Orient. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 114 IS 4 BP 688 EP 689 DI 10.2307/606206 PG 2 WC Asian Studies SC Asian Studies GA QX378 UT WOS:A1994QX37800045 ER PT J AU GELLER, MJ AF GELLER, MJ TI THE STICKMAN, THE GREAT-WALL, AND THE HECTOSPEC - LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE IN THE UNIVERSE SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA LA English DT Article AB These decades are the first in which we can begin to map the universe. Recent surveys reveal patterns in the distribution of galaxies - patterns coherent on scales of 150 million light years or more. These patterns contrast with the smoothness of the radiation background measured by the COBE satellite. Together these observations challenge our understanding of the origin of galaxies and large-scale structure in the universe. RP GELLER, MJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL ASTRON SOC CANADA PI TORONTO PA 136 DUPONT ST, TORONTO ON M5R 1V2, CANADA SN 0035-872X J9 J ROY ASTRON SOC CAN JI J. R. Astron. Soc. Can. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 88 IS 5 BP 283 EP 296 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PT735 UT WOS:A1994PT73500001 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI LEGER,FRENAND, 1911-1924 - THE RHYTHM OF MODERN LIFE - LEGER,F SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 16 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PK415 UT WOS:A1994PK41500076 ER PT J AU FERRARIS, JD FAUCHALD, K KENSLEY, B AF FERRARIS, JD FAUCHALD, K KENSLEY, B TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES TO FLUCTUATION IN TEMPERATURE OR SALINITY IN INVERTEBRATES - ADAPTATIONS OF ALPHEUS-VIRIDARI (DECAPODA, CRUSTACEA), TEREBELLIDES-PARVA (POLYCHAETA) AND GOLFINIGIA-CYLINDRATA (SIPUNCULIDA) TO THE MANGROVE HABITAT SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLUME REGULATION; DECEREBRATION; NEMERTINA; K+ AB The snapping shrimp Alpheus viridari (Armstrong, 1949), the polychaete Terebellides parva Solis-Weiss, Fauchald and Blankensteyn 1990, and the sipunculan Golfingia cylindrata (Keferstein, 1865) are commonly found in the same mangrove habitat, where they experience frequent, acute fluctuations in temperature and salinity. Ecological studies indicate a temporal variation, including occasional absence, in the distribution of both G. cylindrata and T. parva; this led us to examine the physiological adaptations of the three species (collected at Western Bay, Twin Cays, Belize in 1985, 1986 and 1988). Each was subjected to acute, repeated exposure to either control (35 parts per thousand S) and decreased (25 parts per thousand S) salinity or to control and increased (45 parts per thousand S) salinity. Ability to regulate water and ion content (g H2O or mu mol g(-1) solute free dry wt) was examined. A. viridari behaved as a hyperosmotic conformer at decreased salinity but as an osmoconformer at increased salinity. Regardless of direction of salinity change, A. viridari regulated water content through change in Na+, K+, and Cl- contents. In contrast, G. cylindrata behaved as an osmoconformer and did not demonstrate ability to regulate water content. T. parva behaved as an osmoconformer, showed incomplete regulation of water content via change in Na+, K+, and Cl- contents but had limited survival following exposure to 45 parts per thousand S. Each species was also exposed to change in temperature. Species were subjected to acute, repeated exposure either to control (28 degrees C) and decreased (21 degrees C) temperature or to control and increased (35 degrees C) temperature. A. viridari regulated water and ion content under both experimental conditions. In contrast, T. parva did not regulate water and ion content under either experimental temperature. G. cylindrata did not regulate water and ion content during exposure to decreased temperature and did not survive exposure to increased temperature. For A. viridari, weight specific oxygen uptake rates (mg O-2 g(-1) ash-free dry wt) were determined. Exposure to decreased salinity or to increased temperature resulted in a small sustained elevation in O-2 uptake. It is concluded that, unlike A. viridari, T. parva and G. cylindrata are only marginally adapted to withstand the salinity and temperature stresses, respectively, of the mangrove habitat. The inability of T. parva and G. cylindrata to fully adapt to extremes in the mangrove habitat could well explain the temporal variation seen in the distribution of these two species. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP FERRARIS, JD (reprint author), NHLBI, KIDNEY & ELECTROLYTE METAB LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 120 IS 3 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1007/BF00680213 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PP945 UT WOS:A1994PP94500008 ER PT J AU HOELZER, GA DITTUS, WPJ ASHLEY, MV MELNICK, DJ AF HOELZER, GA DITTUS, WPJ ASHLEY, MV MELNICK, DJ TI THE LOCAL-DISTRIBUTION OF HIGHLY DIVERGENT MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA HAPLOTYPES IN TOQUE MACAQUES MACACA-SINICA AT POLONNARUWA, SRI-LANKA SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOGEOGRAPHY; DISPERSAL; GENETIC DIVERGENCE; MACACA SINICA; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; SOCIAL STRUCTURE ID MATERNAL INHERITANCE; RESOURCE COMPETITION; NATURAL-POPULATION; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYMORPHISMS; RECOMBINATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; SEQUENCES AB Surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in macaque monkeys have revealed extremely high levels of intraspecific divergence among haplotypes. One consistent pattern that has emerged from these studies is that divergent haplotypes are geographically segregated so that sampling a few matrilines from a given region shows them to be identical, or a closely related subset of haplotypes. Geographically structured mtDNA variation has also been commonly observed in other taxa. In this study, haplotype variation and distribution are studied in detail within a local population of toque macaques. The results show that highly divergent haplotypes, differing by 3.1% in their nucleotide sequences, coexist in this population and that they may be spatially segregated even on this micro-geographic scale. Furthermore, these differences are maintained between social groups that exchange male migrants, and thus nuclear genes, frequently. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCE SCI,RENO,NV 89557. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. INST FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES,KANDY,SRI LANKA. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT BIOL SCI MC 066,CHICAGO,IL 60608. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,GENET LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10027. RP HOELZER, GA (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOL,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 56 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 3 IS 5 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00123.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA PM974 UT WOS:A1994PM97400001 PM 7952326 ER PT J AU ZOTZ, G WINTER, K AF ZOTZ, G WINTER, K TI PREDICTING ANNUAL CARBON BALANCE FROM LEAF NITROGEN SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Note ID PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS RP ZOTZ, G (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD OCT PY 1994 VL 81 IS 10 BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PR641 UT WOS:A1994PR64100004 ER PT J AU WARD, DC AF WARD, DC TI PORTIA - THE WORLD OF ADAMS,ABIGAIL - GELLES,E SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review RP WARD, DC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 118 IS 4 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC History SC History GA PW474 UT WOS:A1994PW47400023 ER PT J AU WARD, DC AF WARD, DC TI ADAMS,JOHN - A LIFE - FERLING,J SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review RP WARD, DC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 118 IS 4 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC History SC History GA PW474 UT WOS:A1994PW47400022 ER PT J AU BELL, KL HIBBERT, A STAFFORD, RP MCLAUGHLIN, BM AF BELL, KL HIBBERT, A STAFFORD, RP MCLAUGHLIN, BM TI ACCURATE TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES FOR SOME SPECTRAL-LINES OF SINGLY IONIZED OXYGEN SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; OPTICALLY ALLOWED TRANSITIONS; MEAN-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; O-II; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; BEAM-FOIL; INTERMULTIPLET 1S(2)2S(2)2P(3); VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; EXCITED-LEVELS; LIFETIMES AB Transition probabilities based on sophisticated configuration interaction wave functions have been obtained for transitions between the fine structure levels of the 26 lowest lying 2s(2)2p3, 2s2p4, 2s(2)2p3s, 2s(2)2p(2)3p, 2s(2)2p(2)3d states of singly ionized oxygen. The calculations were performed using the CIV3 code of Hibbert [1] and small empirical adjustments were introduced to the diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements in order to achieve accurate energy splittings between the levels. The present results are believed to be the most accurate available and, for several allowed transitions, a significant departure from LS coupling, due to relativistic effects, is found. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP BELL, KL (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,BELFAST BT7 1NN,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/50/4/005 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA PM390 UT WOS:A1994PM39000005 ER PT J AU MARINESCU, M BABB, JF DALGARNO, A AF MARINESCU, M BABB, JF DALGARNO, A TI LONG-RANGE POTENTIALS, INCLUDING RETARDATION, FOR THE INTERACTION OF 2 ALKALI-METAL ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM DIMER; GROUND-STATE; COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; ENERGIES AB The retarded long-range potentials for the dispersion interaction arising from induced multipole moments of two ground-state alkali-metal atoms are evaluated as functions of the separation R for Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. Accurate atomic properties, determined using published model potentials, are utilized. Values for the potentials are given over a wide range of R. Results for H are also given. For small R the results reproduce the accepted values for the unretarded dispersion dipole-dipole (van der Waals), dipole-quadrupole, quadrupole-quadrupole, and dipole-octupole coefficients, while for R --> infinity the Casimir-Polder potentials, due to retardation or effects due to the finite speed of light, are obtained. The overlap between the retardation potentials and terms arising from the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian is explored. RP MARINESCU, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Babb, James/0000-0002-3883-9501 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 3096 EP 3104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3096 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PL627 UT WOS:A1994PL62700042 ER PT J AU FAN, Z SADEGHPOUR, HR DALGARNO, A AF FAN, Z SADEGHPOUR, HR DALGARNO, A TI PHOTOEXCITATION AND IONIZATION IN HELIUM - ZERO-KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTROSCOPY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION AB The cross sections for double and single photoexcitation and -ionization of helium are calculated in the acceleration gauge assuming a totally asymmetric energy and angular momentum partitioning between two electrons. The electron-electron correlation is taken, into account in the ground-state wave function. By extrapolating single-ionization differential oscillator strengths to n --> infinity, where n is the excited He+ principal quantum number, an estimate of the double-ionization cross sections is obtained. Comparison with other calculations is made. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 3174 EP 3180 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3174 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PL627 UT WOS:A1994PL62700052 ER PT J AU MARINESCU, M AF MARINESCU, M TI COMPUTATION OF THE SCATTERING LENGTH AND EFFECTIVE RANGE IN MOLECULAR PHYSICS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB A simple and easily implemented highly accurate method to compute the scattering length and effective range for a diatomic potential is presented. It combines the numerical solution for small internuclear distances R with analytical corrections for large R. The method provides upper and lower limits to the exact values, to any desired precision. A numerical example and discussion are given for the case of the Cs-Cs ground-state interaction. RP MARINESCU, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 5 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 3177 EP 3180 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3177 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PL627 UT WOS:A1994PL62700053 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, GB DRAKE, BG AF THOMPSON, GB DRAKE, BG TI INSECTS AND FUNGI ON A C-3 SEDGE AND A C-4 GRASS EXPOSED TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS IN OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS IN THE FIELD SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; POWDERY MILDEW; WATER-STRESS; WHEAT; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; BARLEY; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on plant-fungi and plant-insect interactions were studied in an emergent marsh in the Chesapeake Bay. Stands of the C-3 sedge Scirpus olneyi Grey. and the C-4 grass Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. have been exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations during each growing season since 1987. In August 1991 the severities of fungal infections and insect infestations were quantified. Shoot nitrogen concentration ([N]) and water content (WC) were determined. In elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2, 32% fewer S. olneyi plants were infested by insects, and there was a 37% reduction in the severity of a pathogenic fungal infection, compared with plants grown in ambient CO2 concentrations. S. olneyi also had reduced [N], which correlated positively with the severities of fungal infections and insect infestations. Conversely, S. patens had increased WC but unchanged [N] in elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and the severity of fungal infection increased. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration increased or decreased the severity of fungal infection depending on at least two interacting factors, [N] and WC; but it did not change the number of plants that were infected with fungi. In contrast, the major results for insects were that the number of plants infected with insects decreased, and that the amount of tissue that each insect ate also decreased. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1161 EP 1167 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02014.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PJ886 UT WOS:A1994PJ88600008 ER PT J AU MATHIS, WN FREIDBERG, A AF MATHIS, WN FREIDBERG, A TI A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC AULACIGASTER MACQUART WITH NOTES ON A-LEUCOPEZA (MEIGEN) FROM THE PALEARCTIC REGION (DIPTERA, AULACIGASTRIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; AULACIGASTRIDAE; AULACIGASTER; NEARCTIC REGION AB The three Nearctic species of Aulacigaster are described. All Nearctic specimens previously reported were misidentified as A. leucopeza, which is now known to occur only in the Palearctic Region. The three species described herein are (type locality in parentheses): Aulacigaster mcalpinei (Maryland. Montgomery Co., Potomac), A. neoleucopeza (Maryland. Montogemery Co., Potomac), and A. sabroskyi (Arizona. Cochise Co., Portal). A key to the Nearctic species of Aulacigaster, illustrations of male terminalia, known distributions, and comments on biology and systematics are included. A lectotype for Sephanilla sertulata Rondani, type species of the genus Sephanilla Rondani, is designated. This lectotype is conspecific with A. leucopeza and the synonymy of Rondani's names at the generic and species levels is proposed. RP MATHIS, WN (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,NHB 169,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 583 EP 598 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR116 UT WOS:A1994PR11600001 ER PT J AU MILONE, AAE AF MILONE, AAE TI THE MEAN RADIAL-VELOCITY OF THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC-6939 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID OLD OPEN CLUSTERS; STARS AB The systematic motion of NGC 6939 is redetermined in light of the significant discrepancies among the published values. Based on the monitoring of 26 evolved stars during two consecutive seasons and an average of almost 12 spectra per star, we find the cluster's mean radial velocity to be - 18.98 km s-1 with an error of +/-0.19 km s-1. RP MILONE, AAE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 106 IS 704 BP 1085 EP 1090 DI 10.1086/133482 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN292 UT WOS:A1994PN29200005 ER PT J AU KIRSHNER, RP AF KIRSHNER, RP TI THE EARTHS ELEMENTS SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP KIRSHNER, RP (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 271 IS 4 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PH269 UT WOS:A1994PH26900016 ER PT J AU SOON, WH BALIUNAS, SL ZHANG, Q AF SOON, WH BALIUNAS, SL ZHANG, Q TI VARIATIONS IN SURFACE-ACTIVITY OF THE SUN AND SOLAR-TYPE STARS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; K-EMISSION; COOL STARS; ROTATION; CYCLE; DYNAMO; MINIMUM; PERIOD; FLUXES; LINE AB Twenty-five-year records of relative Ca II H and K emission fluxes of lower Main-Sequence stars have been measured at Mount Wilson Observatory and reveal surface activity in most of the older G- and K-type dwarf stars that is similar to the aperiodical activity cycle of the contemporary Sun (i.e., the cyclic and the occasional episode of reduced activity in the past few centuries). We find an inverse relationship between the amplitude of the activity cycle and the length of the cycle for the ensemble of those solar-type stars. We also find a similar relationship using the 250-year sunspot record (Cycles 1 to 21). The similarity between the two inverse relationships for the solar-type stars observed for 25 years and the Sun for a longer interval of time may suggest one common underlying physical mechanism that is responsible for the variations in surface activity ranging from decades to centuries. C1 TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,CTR EXCELLENCE INFORMAT SYST,NASHVILLE,TN. RP SOON, WH (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 154 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1007/BF00681107 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PY057 UT WOS:A1994PY05700012 ER PT J AU VANBALLEGOOIJEN, AA AF VANBALLEGOOIJEN, AA TI MAGNETIC FINE-STRUCTURES IN CORONAL LOOPS SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE SUN; CORONA ID SOLAR CORONA; FIELDS; SHEETS AB The formation of magnetic fine structures and associated electric currents is considered in the context of the coronal heating problem. The penetration of field-aligned electric currents into the lower atmosphere is discussed. It is argued that currents strong enough to heat the corona can persist only for short periods of time. The formation of thin currents sheets is discussed. It is argued that photospheric magnetic structures (flux tubes) play an important role in the generation of coronal currents. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600006 ER PT J AU HARBAL, SR AF HARBAL, SR TI SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURES IN THE SOLAR CORONA SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE SOLAR CORONA; SOLAR WIND; SMALL SCALE STRUCTURES ID X-RAY CORONA; BRIGHT POINTS; QUIET-SUN; NETWORK; REGION; HOLE AB The observational characteristics of the small scale magnetic structures are summarized. The temperature structure and temporal variability of the emission from coronal bright points, that pervade the source region of the solar wind in coronal holes and the quiet sun, and from active regions are shown to be remarkably similar. Particular emphasis is given to observations, potentially feasible with SOHO, that could resolve some of the outstanding issues regarding the role of the small scale magnetic structures in the energy balance and properties of the solar wind. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600007 ER PT J AU KOHL, JL GARDNER, LD STRACHAN, L HASSLER, DM AF KOHL, JL GARDNER, LD STRACHAN, L HASSLER, DM TI ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXTENDED SOLAR CORONA DURING THE SPARTAN-201 MISSION SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE SOLAR CORONA; SOLAR WIND; UV SPECTROSCOPY AB The instruments on the Spartan 201 spacecraft are an Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer and a White Light Coronagraph. Spartan 201 was deployed by the Space Shuttle on 11 April 1993 and observed the extended solar corona for about 40 hours. The Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer measured the intensity and spectral line profile of HI Lyalpha and the intensities of OVI 103.2 and 103.7 nm. Observations were made at heliocentric heights between 1.39 and 3.5 R(.). Four coronal targets were observed, a helmet streamer at heliographic position angle 135-degrees, the north and south polar coronal holes, and an active region above the west limb. Measurements of the HI Lyalpha geocorona and the solar irradiance were also made. The instrument performed as expected. Straylight suppression, spectral focus, radiometric sensitivity and background levels all appear to be satisfactory. The uv observations are aimed at determining proton temperatures and outflow velocities of hydrogen, protons and oxygen ions. Preliminary results from the north polar coronal hole observations are discussed. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1007/BF00777876 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600044 ER PT J AU STRACHAN, L GARDNER, LD HASSLER, DM KOHL, JL AF STRACHAN, L GARDNER, LD HASSLER, DM KOHL, JL TI PRELIMINARY-RESULTS FROM SPARTAN-201 - CORONAL STREAMER OBSERVATIONS SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE CORONAL STREAMERS; SOLAR WIND; UV SPECTROSCOPY AB The Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer on Spartan 201 obtained measurements of H I Lyalpha line profiles and O VI lambda103.2/103.7 nm integrated intensities in a helmet streamer. Similar measurements were made on the solar disk to characterize the incident radiation which is the source for the resonantly scattered component of the lines. A description of the H I Ly alpha observations in the streamer will be presented. A more complete physical description of the observed coronal regions will become available after the analysis of additional data from coordinated observations made by visible coronagraphs and x-ray telescopes. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1007/BF00777877 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600045 ER PT J AU ESSER, R AF ESSER, R TI UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF SOLAR-WIND EXPANSION - CAN WE LEARN ANYTHING FROM SOHO SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE SOLAR CORONA; SOLAR WIND; OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ID CORONA AB Some of the main problems of solar wind expansion are addressed. Emphasis is placed on solar wind acceleration and the mass flux problem. It is demonstrated how these two properties of the flow depend on other plasma parameters such as temperature, density and helium abundance. The importance of placing constraints on a given solar wind flow in the inner corona and at larger distances from the sun simultaneously, is also shown. Whether and how these constraints can be derived from observations carried out by SOHO instruments is then discussed. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1007/BF00777888 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600056 ER PT J AU FINESCHI, S ROMOLI, M AF FINESCHI, S ROMOLI, M TI ELECTRON CORONAL DENSITY IRREGULARITY (N2)OVER-BAR (N)OVER-BAR)2 FROM MEASUREMENTS OF K-CORONAL AND LYMAN LINES BRIGHTNESSES SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE WHITE LIGHT CORONA; ELECTRON DENSITY; UV SPECTROSCOPY AB We propose a technique to derive the coronal density irregularity factor n2BAR/(nBAR)2, where n is the electron density. The absolute photometric comparison between the intensity of UV lines and the white-light K-coronal polarized brightness (pB) provides an unique constraint on the inhomogeneity of the corona. The ratio of the measured H I Lyman beta (Ly-beta) line intensity to the resonant-scattering dominated H I Lyman alpha (Ly-alpha) intensity can be used to extract the collisional component of the Ly-beta. This component yields an estimate of n2BAR. The quantity (nBAR)2 is then obtained from white-light K-coronal measurements. The use of lines of the same atomic species minimizes the effects due to outflow velocities (i.e., Doppler dimming), and reduces the errors introduced by the uncertainties in the ionization balance, the atomic parameters, and the solar abundances. The UVCS/SOHO unique capability of performing cotemporal and cospatial measurements of the Ly-alpha and Ly-beta lines, and of pB makes this instrument ideal for implementing this technique. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP UNIV FLORENCE, DIPARTIMENTO ASTRON & SCI SPAZIO, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. RI Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1007/BF00777891 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600059 ER PT J AU ROMOLI, M FINESCHI, S AF ROMOLI, M FINESCHI, S TI SIMULATED OBSERVATIONS OF THE ELECTRON CORONAL DENSITY IRREGULARITY (N2)OVER-BAR ((N)OVER-BAR)2 SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE WHITE LIGHT CORONA; ELECTRON DENSITY; UV SPECTROSCOPY AB A technique to derive the coronal density irregularity factor n2BAR/(nBAR)2, where n is the electron density, has been proposed by Fineschi and Romoli (1993). This technique will exploit the unique UVCS capability of cotemporal and cospatial measurements of both UV line radiation and K-coronal polarized brightness, pB. The ratio of the measured H I Lyman beta (Ly-beta) line intensity to the resonant-scattering dominated H I Lyman alpha (Ly-alpha) intensity can be used to extract the collisional component of the Ly-beta. This component yields an estimate of n2BAR. The quantity (nBAR)2 is then obtained from the UVCS white-light K-coronal measurements. We present simulated observations of the UVCS for coronal atmosphere models with different filling factors and electron density profiles, and for different coronal structures (e.g., coronal holes, streamers). These simulations will show how the proposed technique may be used to probe inhomogeneities of the solar corona. C1 UNIV FLORENCE, DIPARTIMENTO ASTRON & SCI SPAZIO, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, MS 50, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1007/BF00777892 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600060 ER PT J AU HASSLER, DM AF HASSLER, DM TI BROADENGING OF FE-X (6374A-ANGSTROM) PROFILES ABOVE THE LIMB IN A CORONAL HOLE SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE SOLAR CORONA; CORONAL HOLES; SOLAR WIND; UV SPECTROSCOPY ID SOLAR-WIND; TELESCOPE AB Profiles of the visible Fe X (6374 angstrom) coronal emission line as a function of height above the limb were obtained out to 1.16 solar radii in a coronal hole using the NSO/Sacramento Peak Observatory Coronagraph, Universal Spectrograph and a CCD camera. These are the first coronal line profiles obtained as a function of height in a coronal hole from the ground. Analysis of the line widths suggests a large component of nonthermal broadening which increases with height ranging from 40 to 60 km/s, depending upon the assumed temperature or thermal component of the profile. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1007/BF00777895 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PN956 UT WOS:A1994PN95600063 ER PT J AU ROTHENBERG, M AF ROTHENBERG, M TI PAUPER AND PRINCE - RITCHEY, HALE, AND BIG AMERICAN TELESCOPES - OSTERBROCK,DE SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP ROTHENBERG, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP 876 EP 877 DI 10.2307/3106516 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA QH652 UT WOS:A1994QH65200013 ER PT J AU CROUCH, TD AF CROUCH, TD TI THE DREAM MACHINES - AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE SPACESHIP IN ART, SCIENCE AND LITERATURE - MILLER,R SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP CROUCH, TD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPAC MUSEUM,DEPT AERONAUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP 886 EP 887 DI 10.2307/3106522 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA QH652 UT WOS:A1994QH65200019 ER PT J AU SHAYT, D AF SHAYT, D TI THE STAIRCASE, VOL 1, HISTORY AND THEORIES, VOL 2, STUDIES OF HAZARDS, FALLS, AND SAFER DESIGN - TEMPLER,J SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP SHAYT, D (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP 892 EP 894 DI 10.2307/3106526 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA QH652 UT WOS:A1994QH65200023 ER PT J AU KNOWLTON, N JACKSON, JBC AF KNOWLTON, N JACKSON, JBC TI TAXONOMY AND CORAL-REEF ECOLOGY - REPLY SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID DIVERSITY; SEA RP KNOWLTON, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,APARTADO 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 9 IS 10 BP 398 EP 398 DI 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90064-7 PG 1 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PE122 UT WOS:A1994PE12200018 PM 21236901 ER PT J AU GLENN, TC GLENN, SJ AF GLENN, TC GLENN, SJ TI RAPID ELUTION OF DNA FROM AGAROSE GELS USING POLYESTER PLUG SPIN INSERTS (PEPSIS) SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Note RP GLENN, TC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB,MRC 534,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 4 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 10 IS 10 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PJ039 UT WOS:A1994PJ03900002 PM 7985235 ER PT J AU SMITH, BC AF SMITH, BC TI THE ADEQUATE REVOLUTION + A COMMENTARY ON WOOD,GORDON,S. THE 'RADICALISM OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION' SO WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Article RP SMITH, BC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST EARLY AMER HIST CULT PI WILLIAMSBURG PA BOX 220, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23187 SN 0043-5597 J9 WILLIAM MARY QUART JI William Mary Q. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 684 EP 692 DI 10.2307/2946926 PG 9 WC History SC History GA PQ457 UT WOS:A1994PQ45700006 ER PT J AU KALKO, EKV HANDLEY, CO AF KALKO, EKV HANDLEY, CO TI EVOLUTION, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF FRUIT-EATING BAT, GENUS ARTIBEUS LEACH (1821), FROM PANAMA SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SAUGETIERKUNDE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY SIZE; MAMMALS AB We describe and name a new species of Neotropical fruit-eating bat, genus Artibeus. It is a local endemic, found only on Isla Escudo de Veraguas, approximately 18 km off the Caribbean coast of the province of Bocas del Toro in northwestern Panama. Based on a variety of shared characters we assume that this new species has evolved from a species also ancestral to Artibeus watsoni, which is widespread and abundant on the mainland and other islands of Bocas del Toro. The new species is 15% larger in mass than its mainland relative, 10% larger in body dimensions, and 6% larger in cranial dimensions. Several discrete morphological characters, particularly in the dentition, also distinguish this bat from A. watsoni. We discuss aspects of evolution and biogeography of A. incomitatus to elucidate factors which might have facilitated its speciation. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP KALKO, EKV (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV MAMMALS,MRC NHB 108,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG JENA PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0044-3468 J9 Z SAUGETIERKD JI Z. Saugetierkd.-Int. J. Mamm. Biol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 59 IS 5 BP 257 EP 273 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PL573 UT WOS:A1994PL57300001 ER PT J AU SEIDENSTICKER, J AF SEIDENSTICKER, J TI KALAHARI HYAENAS - COMPARATIVE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF 2 SPECIES - MILLS,MGL SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP SEIDENSTICKER, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 30 PY 1994 VL 265 IS 5181 BP 2107 EP 2107 DI 10.1126/science.265.5181.2107 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PJ912 UT WOS:A1994PJ91200034 PM 17811413 ER PT J AU VILASBOAS, JWS MYERS, PC FULLER, GA AF VILASBOAS, JWS MYERS, PC FULLER, GA TI DENSE CORES IN DARK CLOUDS .9. OBSERVATIONS OF (CO)-C-13 AND (CO)-O-18 IN VELA, CHAMELEON, MUSCA, AND THE COALSACK SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, CLOUDS; ISM, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; ISM, MOLECULES ID STAR FORMATION; COMETARY GLOBULES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; IRAS SOURCES; CO; POPULATION; COMPLEX; OBJECTS; TAURUS; GAS AB One hundred one condensations with average optical size less than 7' and visual extinction greater than 2.5 mag have been selected from ESO J plates, extinction maps, and catalogs of southern hemisphere dark clouds for observation in the (CO)-C-13 and (CO)-C-18 J = 1-0 transitions. These regions are condensations in the dark molecular clouds Musca, Coalsack, Chamaeleon II, Chamaeleon III, and cometary globules in Vela and Gum nebula. A search for IRAS point sources having colors of young stellar objects shows that these condensations have at most seven associated young stellar objects-far fewer than in Taurus and Ophiuchus. These 101 condensations generally have lower (CO)-C-13 and (CO)-C-18 line intensity, (CO)-O-18 optical depth, and (CO)-C-13 line width than do 90 condensations in Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Cepheus. Similarly, 47 of these southern condensations having star-count estimates of visual extinction generally have less extinction than do the 19 condensations in Taurus having extinction estimated by the same method. The (CO)-O-18 to (CO)-C-13 line-width ratio for the cometary globules in the Vela region is greater than for the other clouds, indicating that the (CO)-C-13 line width observed toward dark cloud condensations is related to the more extended and less dense intercondensation gas. Radial velocities suggest that the system of Vela globules has velocity dispersion 4.7 km s-1, which is at least 2 times greater than the dispersion determined from formaldehyde observations. The Musca filament has velocities which are slightly higher-by approximately 0.5 km s-1-in the center than at the ends of the filament. Chamaeleon III has a 0.2 km s-1 pc-1 velocity gradient, and Chamaeleon II has no indication of velocity gradients. The Chamaeleon clouds and the Musca filament appear close to virial equilibrium. C1 NRAO,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP VILASBOAS, JWS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MAIL STOP 42,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 49 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 433 IS 1 BP 96 EP 116 DI 10.1086/174628 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PG639 UT WOS:A1994PG63900009 ER PT J AU LADD, EF MYERS, PC GOODMAN, AA AF LADD, EF MYERS, PC GOODMAN, AA TI DENSE CORES IN DARK CLOUDS .10. AMMONIA EMISSION IN THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD COMPLEX SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, INDIVIDUAL (PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD); ISM, MOLECULES; RADIO LINES, ISM ID CARBON-MONOXIDE EMISSION; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOWS; PROPER MOTIONS; STAR FORMATION; IRAS; BARNARD-5; NGC-1333; TAURUS; REGIONS AB We present a survey for dense material around young IRAS sources in the Perseus molecular cloud complex in the NH3 (J, K) = (1, 1) line at 1.3 cm. NH3 emission was detected in eight, and mapped in seven, out of 10 positions chosen for study. The dense cores found typically have lower masses and narrower line widths than cores previously studied in Perseus and are located near sources of lower luminosity. NH3 cores are found throughout the Perseus complex; however, much of the detected dense gas is concentrated into two filamentary '' ridges '' located in the western part. As a group, NH3 cores in Perseus have a mean line width of 0.6 km s-1, mean radius of 0.12 pc, mean kinetic temperature of 13 K, and mean mass of 9 M.. These mean values are larger than the mean values for NH, cores with associated stars in Taurus, but smaller than the mean values for cores associated with stars in Orion A. Some of the cores in Perseus are ''thermally dominated,'' with thermal and nonthermal line widths similar to most Taurus cores, while others are ''nonthermally dominated'' and are more similar to the cores in Orion A. We conclude that the Perseus complex is intermediate in its star-forming potential between the predominantly low-mass star-producing regions like Taurus and the regions capable of the producing high-mass stars such as Orion A. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP LADD, EF (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,2680 WOODLAWN DR,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010 OI Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477 NR 62 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 433 IS 1 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1086/174629 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PG639 UT WOS:A1994PG63900010 ER PT J AU KANE, BD CLEMENS, DP MYERS, PC AF KANE, BD CLEMENS, DP MYERS, PC TI A SEARCH FOR DENSE GAS IN QUIESCENT BOK GLOBULES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, CLOUDS; ISM, MOLECULES; RADIO LINES, ISM ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DARK CLOUDS; STAR FORMATION; CORES AB This study demonstrates crucial differences between quiescent Bok globules and dark cloud cores. Seventeen small, quiescent Bok globules were probed for the molecular lines of NH3 (J, K = 1, 1) and HC3N (J = 4 --> 3) using the Haystack telescope. The spectra have 3 sigma integrated line intensity upper limits generally less than 0.1 K km s-1. The upper limits are less than about 10% of the brightness of TMC-2 in the NH3 (1, 1) line and less than about 30% of the brightness of TMC-2 in the HC3N (4 --> 3) line. Both lower chemical abundances of NH3 and lack of sufficiently dense gas columns through these globules are responsible for the absence of detectable lines. A simple statistical equilibrium analysis suggests that these globules have mean volume densities and NH3 abundance factors of 4-5 lower than seen in dark cloud cores. Our upper limits do not require lower than normal HC3N abundances. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP KANE, BD (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,725 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1994 VL 433 IS 1 BP L49 EP L52 DI 10.1086/187545 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PG640 UT WOS:A1994PG64000013 ER PT J AU FIELD, GB AF FIELD, GB TI THE HUBBLE WARS - ASTROPHYSICS MEETS ASTROPOLITICS IN THE 2-BILLION-DOLLAR STRUGGLE OVER THE HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE - CHAISSON,EJ SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP FIELD, GB (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 16 PY 1994 VL 265 IS 5179 BP 1743 EP 1744 DI 10.1126/science.265.5179.1743 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PG284 UT WOS:A1994PG28400039 PM 17770899 ER PT J AU RILEY, S AF RILEY, S TI ONE TRUE THING - QUINDLEN,A SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP RILEY, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 15 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PF629 UT WOS:A1994PF62900168 ER PT J AU KIRSHNER, RP AF KIRSHNER, RP TI SUPERNOVA-1994I - VIOLENT EVENTS IN M51 SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP KIRSHNER, RP (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6494 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1038/371199a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PG290 UT WOS:A1994PG29000027 ER PT J AU CARROLL, SM FIELD, GB AF CARROLL, SM FIELD, GB TI CONSEQUENCES OF PROPAGATING TORSION IN CONNECTION-DYNAMIC THEORIES OF GRAVITY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHARGE ASYMMETRY; RADIO GALAXIES; POLARIZATION; AXION AB We discuss the possibility of constraining theories of gravity in which the connection is a fundamental variable by searching for observational consequences of the torsion degrees of freedom. In a wide class of models, the only modes of the torsion tenser which interact with matter are either a massive scalar or a massive spin-1 boson. Focusing on the scalar version, we study constraints on the two-dimensional parameter space characterizing the theory. For reasonable choices of these parameters the torsion decays quickly into matter fields, and no long-range fields are generated which could be discovered by ground-based or astrophysical experiments. C1 MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP CARROLL, SM (reprint author), MIT,CTR THEORET PHYS,NUCL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 3867 EP 3873 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.3867 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA PJ037 UT WOS:A1994PJ03700029 ER PT J AU MERRIFIELD, MR KUIJKEN, K AF MERRIFIELD, MR KUIJKEN, K TI COUNTERROTATING STARS IN THE DISK OF THE SAB GALAXY NGC-7217 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (NGC 7217); GALAXIES, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; GALAXIES, SPIRAL ID ABSORPTION-LINE SPECTRA; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STELLAR DISKS; DARK MATTER; KINEMATICS; GAS; ROTATION; NGC-4550 AB We have analyzed high signal-to-noise spectra of the disk galaxy NGC 7217 in order to extract the full line-of-sight velocity distribution along both its major and minor axes. The data reveal that 20%-30% of the stars in this galaxy are in a distinct component on retrograde orbits. This counterrotating population cannot be explained away as a systematic error, and it does not seem to be caused by the bulge's contribution to the velocity distribution. We have developed a new technique for fitting dynamical disk models directly to the galaxy spectra, and application of this method confirms the presence of the distinct counterrotating disk population. NGC 7217 is only the second disk galaxy known to contain counterrotating stars, but we argue that similar components in other regular disk systems would not have been detected by traditional techniques, and so there could exist many such systems. The existence of disk stars on retrograde orbits provides a new clue as to the manner in which the galaxy formed: it favors a scenario in which matter continues to accrete onto the galaxy over a long period of time, with rapid, substantial changes occurring in the angular momentum of the infalling material. The observable consequences of this evolutionary history include a large bulge-to-disk ratio and the absence of strong spiral structure, and so the presence or absence of a counterrotating component may go some way toward explaining the Hubble sequence for disk galaxies. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP MERRIFIELD, MR (reprint author), UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT PHYS,HIGHFIELD SO9 5NH,ENGLAND. NR 47 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 2 BP 575 EP 589 DI 10.1086/174596 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PE877 UT WOS:A1994PE87700016 ER PT J AU MAGGIO, A SCIORTINO, S HARNDEN, FR AF MAGGIO, A SCIORTINO, S HARNDEN, FR TI ROSAT X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF LATE-TYPE EVOLVED STARS - ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORONAL TEMPERATURES AND LUMINOSITIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, CORONAE; STARS, LATE-TYPE; X-RAYS, STARS ID CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; MAIN-SEQUENCE; CONVECTION; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; GIANT AB We present ROSAT PSPC X-ray observations of three near-solar-mass stars, in different evolutionary phases beyond the main sequence: eta Sco (F3 III-IV), iota Vir (F6 III), and HD 74772 (G5 III). All three of these nearby, presumably single stars have been detected, and we have collected enough counts to perform a detailed analysis of their soft X-ray spectra. While the X-ray spectra of eta Sco and HD 74772 can be fitted with Raymond-Smith thermal models with temperatures around 2 x 10(6) K, the high signal-to-noise spectrum of iota Vir provides unambiguous evidence of a multitemperature plasma, with a two-temperature best-fit model with components at similar to 2 x 10(6) K and 8 x 10(6) K. Evidence of some hot plasma (T similar to 10(7) K) has been also found for HD 74772. The present data, compared with spectral fitting results for other late-type stars observed with the Einstein Observatory, indicate that the low X-ray luminosity giants (L(x) < 5 x 10(28) ergs s(-1)) do not share with the higher X-ray luminosity stars of the same class the property of having substantial amount of 10(7) K plasma. Moreover, our results confirm the trend of increasing X-ray luminosities with increasing coronal temperatures. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP MAGGIO, A (reprint author), IST OSSERV ASTRON,PIAZZA PARLAMENTO 1,I-90134 PALERMO,ITALY. RI Maggio, Antonio/P-5700-2015 OI Maggio, Antonio/0000-0001-5154-6108 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 2 BP 701 EP 709 DI 10.1086/174609 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PE877 UT WOS:A1994PE87700029 ER PT J AU CLAYTON, GC LAWSON, WA COTTRELL, PL WHITNEY, BA STANFORD, SA DERUYTER, F AF CLAYTON, GC LAWSON, WA COTTRELL, PL WHITNEY, BA STANFORD, SA DERUYTER, F TI AN ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF A PULSATIONAL CYCLE OF RY SAGITTARII SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SHOCK WAVES; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (RY SAGITTARII); STARS, OSCILLATIONS; STARS, VARIABLES, OTHER (R CORONAE BOREALIS); ULTRAVIOLET, STARS ID CORONAE-BOREALIS STARS; PERIOD; SGR AB High-dispersion visible and ultraviolet spectra and UBVRI photometry, covering a complete pulsation of the R Coronae Borealis star RY Sgr, have been obtained. The UV spectra were the first high-dispersion data ever obtained for the star. Together these observations comprise the most complete data set covering an RCB star pulsation cycle. The cycle observed was somewhat anomalous as it was affected by a second 55 day pulsation period as well as the primary 38 day period. However, the visible spectra showed the typical line splitting and radial velocity variations which have been observed previously. The simultaneous UV spectra showed much smaller, and phase-shifted, velocity variations than those seen in the visible. No evidence was seen of shock-induced emission at Mg II. These observations provide some support for the models of pulsating hydrogen deficient stars developed by Saio and Wheeler. C1 UNIV NEW S WALES COLL,AUSTRALIAN DEF FORCE ACAD,DEPT PHYS,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CANTERBURY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,MT JOHN UNIV OBSERV,CHRISTCHURCH 1,NEW ZEALAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CALTECH,IPAC,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP CLAYTON, GC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,CAMPUS BOX 389,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 2 BP 785 EP 792 DI 10.1086/174616 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PE877 UT WOS:A1994PE87700036 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, G AF WILLIAMS, G TI STAR TURN SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter RP WILLIAMS, G (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC PI ELMONT PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD SEP 10 PY 1994 VL 143 IS 1942 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PG104 UT WOS:A1994PG10400056 ER PT J AU MAMAY, SH AF MAMAY, SH TI FOSSIL EGGS OF PROBABLE PISCINE ORIGIN PRESERVED ON PENNSYLVANIAN SPHENOPTERIDIUM FOLIAGE FROM THE KINNEY QUARRY, CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Upper Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks exposed in the Kinney Brick Company quarry, central New Mexico, contain a diverse megaflora with abundant foliage of the pteridosperm Sphenopteridium manzanitanum. A few of the frond fragments carry many small (to 2.0 mm in diameter), compressed spherical bodies, which occur as linear or random groups on both foliar rachises and laminae; also present are two compact, isolated aggregates not attached to any organic substrate. The individual bodies are delimited by a thin, amorphous wall that evidently was membranous, flexible, and adhesive, forming flattened areas of mutual contact. These bodies are interpreted as animal eggs. Their association with spirorbid worm tubes and other evidence indicates that the eggs were deposited under water, on floating or suspended vegetation or in compact, unattached masses. Neither terrestrial nor aquatic invertebrates yield satisfactory clues as to the egg source. However, the aquatic or semiaquatic vertebrates (fishes and amphibians) are both feasible candidates, with the preponderance of evidence of comparative egg morphology and ovipositing strategies weighing in favor of a probably chondrostean origin for the Kinney eggs. They represent the oldest known vertebrate egg masses. RP MAMAY, SH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 401 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-4267 SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 7 PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA PT908 UT WOS:A1994PT90800002 ER PT J AU DANIEL, P AF DANIEL, P TI RHYTHM OF THE LAND SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article RP DANIEL, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DIV AGR & NAT RESOURCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA QD911 UT WOS:A1994QD91100001 ER PT J AU HARRIS, EM AF HARRIS, EM TI DEVELOPMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE DERIVATION OF SYNCEPHALIA IN LAGASCEA (HELIANTHEAE, ASTERACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID INFLORESCENCE AB The theme of condensation of inflorescences, often accompanied by reduction, is widespread throughout the Asteraceae. Many examples of condensation of the primary Asteraceae inflorescence into secondary aggregations have long been noted. Descriptions of tertiary condensation of inflorescences (i.e., condensation of secondary aggregations) are rarer; partially due to the difficulty of unequivocal documentation. Comparative investigations with the scanning electron microscope yield clear evidence of inflorescence condensation. Developmental stages demonstrating tertiary condensation heads characterize Lagascea helianthifolia, L. aurea, L. palmeri, and L. rigida. Dissections of L. decipiens and L. heteropappus also suggested tertiary condensation. Added to a previous account of the tertiary condensation of L. mollis, seven of the eight species of the genus have been examined and have been found to display tertiary condensation, accompanied by a reduction of the primary inflorescence to single flowers. The most parsimonious explanation would suggest that the tertiarily aggregated inflorescences found in the genus Lagascea evolved only once in that lineage. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NHB 166,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1139 EP 1148 DI 10.2307/2445476 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PG630 UT WOS:A1994PG63000008 ER PT J AU GRICE, JD DUNN, PJ AF GRICE, JD DUNN, PJ TI JOHNINNESITE - CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER ARSENOSILICATES SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE ARSENOSILICATE; FRIEDELITE AB Johninnesite, Na2Mn9(2)+(Mg,Mn2+)7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2, from the Kombat mine, Namibia, is triclinic, P1BAR with a = 10.485(8), b = 11.065(7), c = 9.654(6) angstrom, alpha = 107.11(4), beta = 81.17(5), gamma = 111.86(4)-degrees, and Z = 1. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 7.5 and R(w) = 6.4%. Of the 6125 measured reflections, 1030 were removed because of twinning overlap. The structure is layered with a tetrahedral layer consisting of independent AsO4 and Si6O17 chains, an octahedral layer of edge-sharing (Mn,Mg)O6 octahedra with one-sixth of the octahedral sites vacant, and a layer with single MnO6 octahedral chains separated by NaO6 distorted octahedra. The structure does not resemble those of any of the other 13 arsenosilicates, but the layering and silicate chains resemble those of the howieite structure. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GRICE, JD (reprint author), CANADIAN MUSEUM NAT,MINERAL SCI SECT,OTTAWA K1P 6P4,ON,CANADA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 79 IS 9-10 BP 991 EP 995 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA PM159 UT WOS:A1994PM15900020 ER PT J AU FLEISCHER, M AF FLEISCHER, M TI MEMORIAL OF INGERSON,FRED,EARL 1906-1993 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP FLEISCHER, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 79 IS 9-10 BP 1019 EP 1020 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA PM159 UT WOS:A1994PM15900026 ER PT J AU ATIL, E AF ATIL, E TI HUMOR AND WIT IN ISLAMIC ART + ILLUSTRATED CERAMIC-WARES, ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS AND PAINTINGS FROM THE 10TH-CENTURY TO THE 18TH-CENTURY SO ASIAN ART & CULTURE LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,ARTHUR M SACKLER GALLERY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP ATIL, E (reprint author), FREER GALLERY ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 1352-2744 J9 ASIAN ART CULT JI Asian Art Cult. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 12 EP 29 PG 18 WC Art SC Art GA PT266 UT WOS:A1994PT26600002 ER PT J AU VOGELEY, MS GELLER, MJ PARK, C HUCHRA, JP AF VOGELEY, MS GELLER, MJ PARK, C HUCHRA, JP TI VOIDS AND CONSTRAINTS ON NONLINEAR CLUSTERING OF GALAXIES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; DIFFERENTIAL MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; COLD DARK MATTER; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS; PROBABILITY FUNCTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SHANE-WIRTANEN; CATALOG AB Void statistics of the galaxy distribution in the Center for Astrophysics Redshift Survey provide strong constraints on galaxy clustering in the nonlinear regime, i.e., on scales R less than or similar to 10h(-1) Mpc. Computation of high-order moments of the galaxy distribution requires a sample that (1) densely traces the large-scale structure and (2) covers sufficient volume to obtain good statistics. The CfA redshift survey densely samples structure on scales less than or similar to 10h(-1) Mpc and has sufficient depth and angular coverage to approach a fair sample on these scales. In the nonlinear regime, the void probability function (VPF) for CfA samples exhibits apparent agreement with hierarchical scaling [such scaling implies that the N-point correlation functions for N>2 depend only on pairwise products of the two-point function xi(r)] However, simulations of cosmological models show that this scaling in redshift space does not necessarily imply such scaling in real space, even in the nonlinear regime; peculiar velocities cause distortions which can yield erroneous agreement with hierarchical scaling. The underdensity probability measures the frequency of ''voids'' with density p<0.2p. This statistic reveals a paucity of very bright galaxies (L>L*) in the ''voids.'' Underdensities are greater than or similar to 2 sigma more frequent in bright galaxy samples than in samples that include fainter galaxies. Comparison of void statistics of CfA samples with simulations of a range of cosmological models favors models with Gaussian primordial fluctuations and CDM-like initial power spectra. Biased models tend to produce voids that are too empty. We also compare these data with three specific models of the Cold Dark Matter cosmogony: an unbiased, open universe CDM model (Omega=0.4, h=0.5) provides a good match to the VPF of the CfA samples. Biasing of the galaxy distribution in the ''standard'' CDM model (Omega=0.1, b=1.5; see below for definitions) and nonzero cosmological constant CDM model (Omega=0.4, h=0.6 lambda(0)=0.6, b=1.3) produce voids that are too empty. All three simulations match the observed VPF and underdensity probability for samples of very bright (M10 km/s). When compared to evolutionary isochrones, the current list of intermediate-mass members appears to support earlier suggestions that IC 4665 has an age comparable to the Pleiades. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,NATL SOLAR OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. RP PROSSER, CF (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS-66,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 108 IS 3 BP 964 EP 969 DI 10.1086/117125 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD586 UT WOS:A1994PD58600016 ER PT J AU CILIEGI, P ELVIS, M GIOIA, IM MACCACARO, T WOLTER, A AF CILIEGI, P ELVIS, M GIOIA, IM MACCACARO, T WOLTER, A TI ROSAT OBSERVATIONS OF 4 UNIDENTIFIED EMSS SOURCES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; X-RAY; STARS AB We present an analysis of four unidentified Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey sources detected in two pointed ROSAT/PSPC observations. One source (MS0420.0-3838) is resolved in two sources denoted with N (North) and S (South) in the BOSAT image. Only for one source (MS0420.6-3839) we have enough counts to allow a spectral analysis. For the other sources we have limited ourselves to the calculation of the x-ray hardness ratio and then, assuming a galactic value for the hydrogen column density, we have derived an energy index alpha(E). We find a wide range of alpha(E) (1 less than or equal to alpha(E)t less than or equal to 3). Thanks to a significantly improved x-ray positional accuracy, generally only one or two objects down to similar to 22 mag are present in the error circle. We have spectroscopically identified three sources with AGN: two are radio-quiet QSO at z=0.831 and z=0.482, the third one is a Narrow Emission Line Galaxy at z=0.572. For the remaining sources no optical spectroscopy is available, however the values of alpha(ox) and alpha(ro) show that also these sources are probably AGN. C1 UNIV HAWAII,ASTRON INST,HONOLULU,HI 96822. OSSERV ASTRON MILANO,I-20121 MILAN,ITALY. UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-20121 MILAN,ITALY. RP CILIEGI, P (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Gioia, Isabella/B-6982-2012; OI Gioia, Isabella/0000-0003-3127-498X; Ciliegi, Paolo/0000-0002-0447-4620; Wolter, Anna/0000-0001-5840-9835 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 108 IS 3 BP 970 EP 977 DI 10.1086/117126 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD586 UT WOS:A1994PD58600017 ER PT J AU DELLANTONIO, IP GELLER, MJ FABRICANT, DG AF DELLANTONIO, IP GELLER, MJ FABRICANT, DG TI X-RAY AND OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF GROUPS OF GALAXIES (VOL 107, PG 427, 1994) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction, Addition RP DELLANTONIO, IP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1121 EP 1121 DI 10.1086/117140 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD586 UT WOS:A1994PD58600031 ER PT J AU HAINAUT, O WEST, RM SMETTE, A MARSDEN, BG AF HAINAUT, O WEST, RM SMETTE, A MARSDEN, BG TI IMAGING OF VERY DISTANT COMETS - CURRENT AND FUTURE LIMITS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE COMETS, BOWELL-1982-I, SCHUSTER-1975-II, SHOEMAKER-1984-XV; METHODS, DATA ANALYSIS ID HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE; P/HALLEY; AU; EVOLUTION; OUTBURST AB We describe observations and reduction techniques used to image sky fields around three extremely distant comets (Shoemaker 1984 XV at heliocentric distance r = 17 AU, Bowell 1982 I at 23 AU and Schuster 1975 II at 31 AU) during a pilot programme (3 half-nights) at the 3.5-metre ESO New Technology Telescope. Very deep upper brightness limits could be set (V greater-than-or-similar to 27m), consistent with their nuclei being quiescent and implying unexpectedly small upper limits for their radii, 3.4 km, 5.4 km and 10.3 km, respectively. We address in some detail the important problem of determining objectively the ''limiting magnitude'' actually achieved during CCD imaging of a moving object. We also discuss some of the specific problems related to observations of very faint, moving objects with the currently available instrumentation, and we make predictions about observational possibilities with the new generation of giant telescopes. C1 UNIV LIEGE, INST ASTROPHYS, B-4000 LIEGE, BELGIUM. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV, SANTIAGO, CHILE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP HAINAUT, O (reprint author), EUROPEAN SO OBSERV, KARL SCHWARZSCHILD STR 2, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 289 IS 1 BP 311 EP 324 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PE582 UT WOS:A1994PE58200044 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, BP KIRSHNER, RP EASTMAN, RG PHILLIPS, MM SUNTZEFF, NB HAMUY, M MAZA, J AVILES, R AF SCHMIDT, BP KIRSHNER, RP EASTMAN, RG PHILLIPS, MM SUNTZEFF, NB HAMUY, M MAZA, J AVILES, R TI THE DISTANCES TO 5 TYPE-II SUPERNOVAE USING THE EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD, AND THE VALUE OF HO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DISTANCE SCALE; SUPERNOVAE, GENERAL ID ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; SN-1987A; PHOTOMETRY; CONSTANT; CATALOG; SCALE; LMC; H0 AB We have used observations gathered at CTIO to measure distances by the expanding photosphere method (EPM) to five Type II supernovae. These supernovae lie at redshifts from cz = 1100 km s-1 to cz - 5500 km s-1, and increase to 18 the number of distances; measured using EPM. We compare distances derived to 11 Type II supernovae with distances to their host galaxies measured using the Tully-Fisher method. We find that the Tully-Fisher distances average 11% +/- 7% smaller. The comparison shows no significant evidence of any large distance-dependent bias in the Tully-Fisher distances. We employ the sample of EPM distances from 4.5 Mpc to 180 Mpc to derive a value for the Hubble constant. We find H-0 = 73 +/- 6(statistical) +/- 7(systematic) km s-1 Mpc-1. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,LICK OBSERV,BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV,LA SERENA,CHILE. UNIV CHILE,DEPT ASTRON,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RP SCHMIDT, BP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Maza, Jose/I-5722-2016; Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016; OI Maza, Jose/0000-0003-2068-1328; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287 NR 50 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1086/174546 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD611 UT WOS:A1994PD61100005 ER PT J AU ZHANG, YF MARSCHNER, AP ALLER, HD ALLER, MF TERASRANTA, H VALTAOJA, E AF ZHANG, YF MARSCHNER, AP ALLER, HD ALLER, MF TERASRANTA, H VALTAOJA, E TI RADIO AND X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE GAMMA-RAY BRIGHT QUASAR PKS 0528+134 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, JETS; GAMMA RAYS, OBSERVATIONS; QUASARS, INDIVIDUAL (PKS 0528 + 134); RADIO CONTINUUM, GALAXIES; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID RELATIVISTIC JETS; 4C 39.25; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; 5 GHZ; EMISSION; SPECTRA; MODEL; POLARIZATIONS; SAMPLE; CORE AB We present a study of the z = 2.07 quasar PKS 0528 + 134, which has been detected as an extraordinarily luminous gamma-ray source. Its radio properties are highly variable in both total and polarized flux density. Prior to mid-1991, the spectrum displayed a sharp peak at 5-8 GHz; since then, a major increase in nonthermal activity has caused the peak to move to approximately 60 GHz. The highest flux density at 37 GHz during this prolonged outburst occurred within two weeks of the brightest gamma-ray flux yet measured. Milliarcsecond-scale maps from global VLBI experiments, an X-ray spectrum from ROSAT PSPC observations, and light curves in total flux density and polarization are used to investigate the geometry, radiation mechanism, and physical environment of the emission region in the source. The VLBI images reveal a bent jet extending toward the northeast on parsec scales, with less intense knots of emission appearing on the opposite side of the brightest spot. The position of the core usually found in such sources is unclear. The polarization position angle is stable despite strong variability in polarized flux density and indicates that the magnetic field is aligned with the jet axis as defined by our 8.4 GHz image. The ROSA T X-ray flux density of PKS 0528 + 134 in 1991 March is measured to be 1.6 muJy at 1 keV, with a very steep spectral ('' energy '') index sigma(x) almost-equal-to 2.2. The X-ray observations reveal the presence of cold gas along the line of sight significantly in excess of that present in the Galaxy. A strong radio flare began within two months of the first observation of a high flux of gamma-rays from PKS 0528 + 134 by Hunter et al. Using the geometry and spectral characteristics determined by our VLBI observations, a synchrotron self-Compton calculation indicates that relativistic bulk motion is required in PKS 0528 + 134, with an estimated Doppler beaming factor delta greater than or equal to 4.3, similar to the value delta greater than or equal to 7 required to explain the low optical depth of the gamma-rays to photon-photon pair production. We suggest that the core activity of PKS 0528+134 is sporadic in nature, with the nonthermal outburst starting in 1991 representing a violent period involving ejection of relativistic plasma along a compact jet pointed almost directly toward us. The quasar may be in the process of evolving from a GHz-peaked spectrum (GPS) source into a core-jet source. The nature of the apparent counterjet and the location of the true core of the source can only be determined by further VLBI observations. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ASTRON,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP ZHANG, YF (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT MET & CERAM,725 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 81 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1086/174551 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD611 UT WOS:A1994PD61100010 ER PT J AU VANWORMER, L GORRES, J ILIADIS, C WIESCHER, M THIELEMAN, FK AF VANWORMER, L GORRES, J ILIADIS, C WIESCHER, M THIELEMAN, FK TI REACTION-RATES AND REACTION SEQUENCES IN THE RP-PROCESS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NOVAE, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, ABUNDANCES; SUPERNOVAE, GENERAL; X-RAYS, BURSTS ID DEGENERATE NEUTRON CORES; X-RAY-BURSTS; NOVA OUTBURSTS; CROSS-SECTION; ENERGY-LEVELS; STARS; NUCLEI; AL-26; MASS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB Hot hydrogen burning has been analyzed for temperatures and densities typical for explosive burning on compact objects and in supernovae. Reaction flow impedances due to cyclic reaction sequences, the role of waiting point nuclei, and the transition from the rp-process to the alphap-process are discussed as a function of increasing temperature and nuclear properties. The analysis gives a clear indication of which nuclei play a crucial role in the burning process. It is here where experimental verifications of the presented reaction rate estimates are highly desirable. The same nuclei can also be utilized to devise minimum-size energy generation networks to be employed in hydrodynamic explosion calculations. Examples for specific conditions during supernova explosions, nova outbursts, X-ray bursts, or the evolution of Thorne-Zytkow objects are given, with typical abundance patterns expected in such events. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP VANWORMER, L (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. NR 69 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP 326 EP 350 DI 10.1086/174572 PN 1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD611 UT WOS:A1994PD61100031 ER PT J AU SASSELOV, DD KAROVSKA, M AF SASSELOV, DD KAROVSKA, M TI ON CEPHEID DIAMETER AND DISTANCE MEASUREMENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CEPHEID; STARS, ATMOSPHERES; STARS, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; TECHNIQUES, INTERFEROMETRIC ID PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS; VELOCITY; LINES; STARS; CHROMOSPHERES; ATMOSPHERES; VARIABLES; SPECTRUM AB We discuss several theoretical issues concerning the application of optical interferometry to angular diameter and distance measurement of pulsating stars. Among the pulsating stars, Cepheids are most notable because of their importance for establishing the primary distance scale. Accurate determination of Cepheid angular diameters using long-baseline interferometer measurements combined with appropriate disk brightness distribution models should improve significantly the accuracy of the distance scale. We present time- and wavelength-dependent Cepheid brightness distributions computed using dynamical non-LTE atmosphere models in plane-parallel and spherical geometry, and we discuss the resulting improvement in angular diameter determination. With angular diameter measurements provided by interferometry, an independent measure of the distance to the Cepheid can be acquired using the radial velocity measurements. It is essential to use appropriate transformations between the radial and pulsational velocities, and to be consistent with the interferometric measurements. This requires the selection of spectral lines of corresponding line-forming regions, as well as knowledge of the line profile changes and their effect on the radial velocity measurements. Our dynamical computations provide the input needed for a consistent solution. RP SASSELOV, DD (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1086/174574 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD611 UT WOS:A1994PD61100033 ER PT J AU CAILLAULT, JP GAGNE, M STAUFFER, JR AF CAILLAULT, JP GAGNE, M STAUFFER, JR TI ROSAT HRI OBSERVATIONS OF HOT STARS IN THE ORION NEBULA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, INDIVIDUAL (ORION NEBULA); STARS, EARLY-TYPE; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (THETA(1) ORIONIS-C); X-RAYS, STARS ID X-RAY-EMISSION; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; B-TYPE STARS; CATALOG; CLUSTER; WINDS; CLOUD AB ROSAT HRI observations of hot (O6-A5) stars in the Orion Nebula region are presented. Fourteen of 21 O6-B5 stars were detected and all of them appear to have X-ray luminosities and L(x)/L(bol) ratios similar to field O6-B5 stars. The brightest star in the Trapezium, the O7 V star theta1 C Ori, has notable variation in its X-ray emission; the variation seems to have the same phase dependence as recently found for the stars Halpha emission. A maximum of six of 27 B6-A5 stars observed were detected; we argue that the most likely explanation for their X-ray emission is that it arises from unseen, low-mass binary companions. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP CAILLAULT, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Gagne, Marc/C-1130-2013 NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1086/174576 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD611 UT WOS:A1994PD61100035 ER PT J AU UITENBROEK, H NOYES, RW RABIN, D AF UITENBROEK, H NOYES, RW RABIN, D TI IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR CO LINES AT 4.67 MICRONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INFRARED, GENERAL; LINE, FORMATION; SUN, ATMOSPHERE; SUN, OSCILLATIONS ID TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER OBSERVATIONS; CA-II K; CARBON-MONOXIDE; THERMAL BIFURCATION; QUIET SUN; OSCILLATIONS; PHOTOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; CHROMOSPHERE; EMISSION AB We analyze spatially and temporally resolved spectra of the fundamental vibration-rotation transitions of carbon monoxide (CO) in the solar spectrum at 4.67 mum. Our observations imply that, in the quiet Sun, spatial variations in CO intensity are largely dynamical in nature, reinforcing the suggestion that dynamical effects play a key role in the formation of the dark CO cores. Time sequences of resolved spectra exhibit mainly 3 minute power in tine-core intensity but mainly a 5 minute period in Doppler shift. The weak 7-6 R68 line shows normal Evershed flow in the penumbra of a sunspot; we find evidence for the onset of inverse Evershed flow in the strong 3-2 R14 line. Spectra at the limb indicate that 3-2 R14 emission extends approximately 360 km beyond the continuum limb. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,NATL SOLAR OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. RP UITENBROEK, H (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP L67 EP L70 DI 10.1086/187513 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD612 UT WOS:A1994PD61200017 ER PT J AU YI, IS FIELD, GB BLACKMAN, EG AF YI, IS FIELD, GB BLACKMAN, EG TI ON THE ORIGIN OF OBSCURING TORI IN THE GALACTIC NUCLEUS AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK HOLE PHYSICS; GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, MAGNETIC FIELDS; GALAXIES, NUCLEI; GALAXIES, SEYFERT ID PLANETARY CAMERA OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR KINEMATICS; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; DEAD QUASARS; NEARBY AB Differences between Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies can be explained by the existence of obscuring tori at distances a few parsecs from central black holes. In the Galaxy there exists a similar thick disk structure, the circumnuclear disk, at a distance approximately 1.7 pc from the Galactic center. We examine the possibility that both structures are the result of turbulence-supported viscous evolution and accumulation of accreted material in soft gravitational potentials of galactic nuclei. The accumulation occurs in a region where the gravitational potential provides reduced differential rotation compared with differential rotation in the neighboring regions. The existence of these structures requires that the ratio of the smooth background mass within approximately a few parsecs to the central black hole mass be of order 1. We also discuss how strong magnetic fields prevent such tori formation and suggest evolutionary possibilities consistent with our results. RP YI, IS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 432 IS 1 BP L31 EP L34 DI 10.1086/187504 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD612 UT WOS:A1994PD61200008 ER PT J AU SUTER, SJ AF SUTER, SJ TI CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS OF CASSIDULOID ECHINOIDS - TRYING TO SEE THE PHYLOGENY FOR THE TREES SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ECHINOIDEA; CASSIDULOIDA; NEOLAMPADOIDA; OLIGOPYGOIDA; CLYPEASTEROIDA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HOMLOPLASY; STRATIGRAPHIC DEPT ID POST-PALEOZOIC ECHINOIDS; HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CHARACTER ANALYSIS; PERMUTATION TESTS; SAND DOLLARS; HOMOPLASY; EVOLUTION; PARSIMONY; ECHINODERMATA; INFORMATION AB The Neognathostomata (comprising the orders Clypeasteroida, Oligopygoida, Neolampadoida, and the paraphyletic Cassiduloida) form one of the three major clades of irregular echinoids. Despite the group's apparent success since the Jurassic and impressive peak diversity in the mid-Cretaceous, most included clades are now severely reduced. A phylogeny is essential for reconstructing the taxonomic, environmental and biogeographic patterns of this decline, and understanding the causal processes responsible for them. I examined the distribution of qualitative morphological characters (including those defining genera) for 97 species from 77 non-clypeasteroid genera and the three clypeasteroid suborders. Following preliminary analyses, I reduced the data to 40 characters (having 60 apomorphic states) and 71 representative genera. Goloboff's data decisiveness, the skewness of tree length distributions, and permutation tests all reveal significant phylogenetic structure in the data. Heuristic searches conducted with PAUP found more than 72 500 trees of 217 steps (CI = 0.276), but only the first 30 000 were evaluated. These exhibit considerable instability in the relationships among taxa. Successive approximations weightings did not reduce the numbers of favoured trees. Analyses using only less homoplasious characters failed to improve the resolution. Fisher's stratigraphic debt provides an objective means of selecting a very few of the morphologically most-parsimonious trees. Most nodes are supported by only one to three character changes, and these are generally reversed or paralleled elsewhere. The results suggest some cassiduloid families can not be separated, and support the reassignment of several genera. Despite the high levels of homoplasy, the most-parsimonious trees require fewer changes than had been previously suggested for evolutionary trends in several characters. Whether the rampant homoplasy present in the data reflects incorrect character analysis, limited structural or developmental options, or the effects of parallel selection, its presence raises severe obstacles to phylogenetic analyses. C1 UNIV CHICAGO, COMM EVOLUT BIOL, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. UNIV CHICAGO, DEPT GEOPHYS SCI, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. RP SUTER, SJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT PALEOBIOL, NHB 121, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 106 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 53 IS 1 BP 31 EP 72 PG 42 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA PB550 UT WOS:A1994PB55000002 ER PT J AU ROTH, TL SWANSON, WF WILDT, DE AF ROTH, TL SWANSON, WF WILDT, DE TI DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF DOMESTIC CAT EMBRYOS FERTILIZED IN-VIVO VERSUS IN-VITRO SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID INVITRO FERTILIZATION; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; CO-CULTURE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MOUSE EMBRYO; CLEAVAGE; SPERMATOZOA; BLASTOCYST; STAGE; MICROMANIPULATION AB Development of in vitro-fertilized (IVF) cat embryos was compared to that of naturally produced cat embryos in vivo and in vitro. To obtain in vivo-fertilized embryos, queens were mated three times daily on the second and third days of natural estrus and ovariohysterectomized at 64, 76, 100, 124, or 148 h after the first copulation. Embryos were flushed from the reproductive tract, evaluated for developmental stage, and cultured. For IVF, oocytes from gonadotropin-stimulated queens were inseminated with electroejaculated cat sperm in Ham's F-10 and evaluated for fertilization (cleavage to greater than or equal to 2 cells) at 30 h. In vitro development of embryos fertilized in vivo (n = 109) and in vitro (n = 46) was evaluated every 24 h for up to 10 days. High-quality embryos recovered at 64, 76, 100, 124, and 148 h after the first copulation were typically 1 to 2 cells (13 of 20), 5 to 8 cells(18 of 28), 9 to 16 cells (14 of 24), morulae (15 of 21), and compact morulae (11 of 18), respectively, suggesting blastomere cleavage once per day in vivo after the first three rapid cell, divisions. A similar developmental rate to the morula stage (p greater than or equal to 0.05) was achieved in vitro by embryos derived from both in vitro and in vivo fertilization. Additionally, the proportion (P greater than or equal to 0.05) of in vivo-generated embryos (2 to 16 cells) that developed to morulae (64 of 83; 77.1%) was similar to that of IVF embryos (28 of 46; 60.9%). However, none of the IVF embryos (0/46), but 70.6% (77 of 109) of the in vivo-produced embryos, achieved blastocyst formation in culture (P less than or equal to 0.05). Furthermore, 66.2% (51 of 77) of these blastocysts exhibited zona hatching. Incidence of morula and blastocyst formation in the in vivo group was influenced by stage of the embryo at collection. Embryos that were at the 9- to 16-cell stage at recovery were more likely (P less than or equal to 0.05) to achieve morula or blastocyst status and emerge from the zona pellucida than younger-stage counterparts. In summary, the in vivo and in vitro growth rate of cat embryos produced after natural mating was comparable to that of embryos fertilized and cultured in vitro, However, developmental ability to the blastocyst stage was superior for embryos produced in vivo after natural mating. In vitro conditions during fertilization or early embryogenesis appeared to compromise developmental competence from the morula to the blastocyst stage of IVF or early-stage in vivo-produced cat embryos. RP ROTH, TL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CTR NOAHS,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 23853] NR 46 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.3.441 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PC920 UT WOS:A1994PC92000013 PM 7803615 ER PT J AU SWANSON, WF ROTH, TL WILDT, DE AF SWANSON, WF ROTH, TL WILDT, DE TI IN-VIVO EMBRYOGENESIS, EMBRYO MIGRATION, AND EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN THE DOMESTIC CAT SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID TIGER PANTHERA-TIGRIS; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; TRANSUTERINE MIGRATION; CIRCULATING HORMONES; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; BOVINE EMBRYOS; SPERMATOZOA; OVULATION AB In vivo embryogenesis, embryo migration, and survival were studied in the domestic cat. Queens were naturally mated (three times daily) on the second and third days of behavioral estrus and, if ovulation occurred, ovariohysterectomized at 64 (n = 8), 76 (n = 11), 100 (n = 8), 124 (n = 7), 148 (n = 6), and 480 h (n = 8) after first copulation. Of 52 cats mated, 48 (92.3%) ovulated (as evidenced by the presence of ovarian CL), and of these, 38 (79.2%) either produced good-quality embryos or had implantation sites. From the remaining cats, only unfertilized oocytes (n = 5), degenerating embryos (n = 4), or no oocytes/ embryos (n = 1) were recovered. Embryos at 64, 76, 100, and 124 h after the first copulation typically were 1 to 4 cells (17 of 20; 85.0%), 5 to 8 cells (18 of 28; 64.3%), 9 to 16 cells (14 of 24; 58.3%), and morulae (15 of 21; 71.4%), respectively; all were within the oviducts. At 148 h, embryos primarily were compact morulae or early blastocysts (15 of 18; 83.3%), and all were within the uterus. For the preimplantation groups, the overall recovery of embryos plus oocytes per CL was 80.6%, and the mean (+/- SEM) numbers of CL and embryos were 64 h, 4.8 +/- 0.3, 3.1 +/- 0.8; 76 h, 4.7 +/- 0.3; 3.9 +/- 0.6; 100 h, 5.8 +/- 0.5, 3.3 +/- 0.8; 124 h, 4.4 +/- 0.5, 4.0 +/- 0.6; and 148 h, 6.5 +/- 1.1, 3.7 +/- 0.7, respectively. Cats in the 480-h group produced a mean of 5.6 +/- 0.5 CL and 3.9 +/- 0.5 implantation sites. In six of eight cats in this group, there was a disparity between CL number on a given ovary and number of implantation sites in the ipsilateral horn, supporting the concept of transuterine embryo migration. In summary, results indicated that 1) more than 90% of cats ovulated following this multiple mating regimen, but similar to 21% of these failed to produce any fertilized or viable embryos; 2) embryo developmental rate in vivo was biphasic, with a rapid cleavage rate to the 5- to 8-cell stage followed by a slower cleavage rate to the morula stage; 3) cat embryos entered the uterus as compact morulae or early blastocysts similar to 5.5 days after the first copulation; and 4) on the basis of implantation/CL ratio, similar to 30% of all ovulated cat oocytes underwent either fertilization failure or preimplantation embryonic mortality. RP SWANSON, WF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CTR NOAHS,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 23853] NR 62 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 452 EP 464 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.3.452 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PC920 UT WOS:A1994PC92000014 PM 7803616 ER PT J AU MURALIDHARAN, K WEMMER, C AF MURALIDHARAN, K WEMMER, C TI TRANSPORTING AND STORING FIELD-COLLECTED SPECIMENS FOR DNA WITHOUT REFRIGERATION FOR SUBSEQUENT DNA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CTR CONSERVAT & RES,FRONT ROYAL,VA. RP MURALIDHARAN, K (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GENET,2040 RIDGEWOOD DR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1994 VL 17 IS 3 BP 420 EP 422 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PF201 UT WOS:A1994PF20100004 PM 7818888 ER PT J AU ALLEN, NS AF ALLEN, NS TI SYRRHOPODON SIMMONDSII NEW TO PANAMA AND CENTRAL-AMERICA SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Syrrhopodon simmondsii Steere is reported new to Panama and Central America on a specimen collected on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP ALLEN, NS (reprint author), UNIV PANAMA,DEPT BOT,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRYOLOGIST ABLS PI LEWISTON PA BATES COLLEGE BIOLOGY DEPT 44 CAMPUS AVENUE, LEWISTON, ME 04240 SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD FAL PY 1994 VL 97 IS 3 BP 325 EP 325 DI 10.2307/3243466 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PH796 UT WOS:A1994PH79600013 ER PT J AU WARD, DC AF WARD, DC TI VICTORIAN AMERICA AND THE CIVIL-WAR - ROSE,AC SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP WARD, DC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA KENT, OH 44242 SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 40 IS 3 BP 269 EP 270 PG 2 WC History SC History GA PE543 UT WOS:A1994PE54300024 ER PT J AU RAVE, EH FLEISCHER, RC DUVALL, F BLACK, JM AF RAVE, EH FLEISCHER, RC DUVALL, F BLACK, JM TI GENETIC ANALYSES THROUGH DNA-FINGERPRINTING OF CAPTIVE POPULATIONS OF HAWAIIAN GEESE SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB DNA fingerprinting was used to assess levels of genetic variation in 106 Hawaiian Geese, or Nene (Branta sandvicensis), from two captive colonies in Hawaii and Slimbridge, England. Mantel tests were used to determine differences in mean similarity coefficients obtained from DNA fingerprints between unrelated and related Nene within and between captive colonies and to determine whether pedigree-based estimates of relatedness correlated with DNA fingerprint-based estimates. Between colonies, mean similarity coefficients for unrelated and related Slimbridge Nene were higher than those for Hawaiian Nene. Within each colony, related Nene had higher mean similarity coefficients than did unrelated Nene. A positive relationship was found between coancestry coefficients and similarity coefficients. A greater number of founders for the Hawaiian colony contributed to the lower mean similarity coefficients. As genetic variation decreases, difficulty in distinguishing relatedness among individuals using DNA fingerprinting may increase. Lower genetic variation also may increase the error in estimating the relationship between coancestry and similarity coefficients. DNA fingerprinting of Nene identified unique alleles and can determine optimal pairings between individuals. The calibrated similarity coefficient distributions can help determine the relatedness of individuals in wild populations of Nene. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,MOLEC GENET LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT HYDROCARBON RES,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 744 EP 751 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030744.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF730 UT WOS:A1994PF73000021 ER PT J AU BUSH, MB COLINVAUX, PA AF BUSH, MB COLINVAUX, PA TI TROPICAL FOREST DISTURBANCE - PALEOECOLOGICAL RECORDS FROM DARIEN, PANAMA SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULTIVATION; FOSSIL POLLEN; HOLOCENE; HUNTING; NEOTROPICAL; PANAMA; RAIN FOREST; ZEA MAYS ID WESTERN AMAZON BASIN; POLLEN RECORD; RAIN-FOREST; DIVERSITY; NEOTROPICS; OCCUPATION; HISTORY; LAKE AB The first paleoecological data from the Darien of Panama, a remote region rich in endemic species and purported to be one of the last untouched neotropical wildernesses, demonstrate a 4000-yr history of human disturbance. Unstable climate is recorded as changes in precipitation inferred from the diatom record, but a more important source of disturbance has been human activity. Pollen, and phytoliths of Zea mays, and charcoal from grass fires confirm historical and archaeological judgments that the region has a long history of human settlement. The data are consistent with depopulation and abandonment of most agriculture following the Spanish conquest, showing that the local modern forest has developed in recent centuries. Four millennia of disturbance that preceded the decline of human populations may have had a profound effect upon the modern forest associations. The apparently pristine forests appear to have regrown in just 350 yr, probably from populations fragmented by previous agricultural disturbance. However, the modern richness of the Darien forests suggests that local biodiversity was maintained throughout 4000 yr of indigenous agriculture. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP BUSH, MB (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. OI Bush, Mark/0000-0001-6894-8613 NR 58 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1761 EP 1768 DI 10.2307/1939635 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PE267 UT WOS:A1994PE26700023 ER PT J AU TERBORGH, J WRIGHT, SJ AF TERBORGH, J WRIGHT, SJ TI EFFECTS OF MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES ON PLANT RECRUITMENT IN 2 NEOTROPICAL FORESTS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DIPTERYX-PANAMENSIS; EMERGENT TREE; CANOPY TREE; PREDATION; PANAMA; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; SEEDS C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP TERBORGH, J (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,CTR TROP CONSERVAT,3705-C ERWIN RD,DURHAM,NC 27705, USA. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 22 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1829 EP 1833 DI 10.2307/1939641 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PE267 UT WOS:A1994PE26700029 ER PT J AU KAEPPLER, AL AF KAEPPLER, AL TI IMAGINING THE PACIFIC - IN THE WAKE OF THE COOK VOYAGES - SMITH,B SO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP KAEPPLER, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI, 721 OLD CHEMISTRY BLDG, M L 368, CINCINNATI, OH 45221-0368 SN 0013-2586 J9 EIGHTEENTH-CENT STUD JI Eighteenth-Century Stud. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.2307/2739235 PG 4 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PM639 UT WOS:A1994PM63900022 ER PT J AU KAEPPLER, AL AF KAEPPLER, AL TI THE APOTHEOSIS OF COOK - EUROPEAN MYTHMAKING IN THE PACIFIC - OBEYESEKERE,G SO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP KAEPPLER, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI, 721 OLD CHEMISTRY BLDG, M L 368, CINCINNATI, OH 45221-0368 SN 0013-2586 J9 EIGHTEENTH-CENT STUD JI Eighteenth-Century Stud. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.2307/2739235 PG 4 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PM639 UT WOS:A1994PM63900021 ER PT J AU MILLER, B READING, R CONWAY, C JACKSON, JA HUTCHINS, M SNYDER, N FORREST, S FRAZIER, J DERRICKSON, S AF MILLER, B READING, R CONWAY, C JACKSON, JA HUTCHINS, M SNYDER, N FORREST, S FRAZIER, J DERRICKSON, S TI A MODEL FOR IMPROVING ENDANGERED SPECIES RECOVERY PROGRAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ENDANGERED SPECIES; MANAGEMENT; POLICY; RECOVERY PLAN; RECOVER TEAM; ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ID 6 BIOLOGICAL REASONS; CONSERVATION; SCIENCE; POLICY; ACT; MANAGEMENT; WORK; EPA AB This paper discusses common organizational problems that cause inadequate planning and implementation processes of endangered species recovery across biologically dissimilar species. If these problems occur, even proven biological conservation techniques are jeopardized. We propose a solution that requires accountability in all phases of the restoration process and is based on cooperative input among government agencies, nongovernmental conservation organizations, and the academic community. The first step is formation of a task-oriented recovery team that integrates the best expertise into the planning process. This interdisciplinary team should be composed of people whose skills directly address issues critical for recovery. Once goals and procedures are established, the responsible agency (for example, in the United States, the US Fish and Wildlife Service) could divest some or all of its obligation for implementing the plan, yet still maintain oversight by holding implementing entities contractually accountable. Regular, periodic outside review and public documentation of the recovery team, lead agency, and the accomplishments of implementing bodies would permit evaluation necessary to improve performance. Increased cooperation among agency and nongovernmental organizations provided by this model promises a more efficient use of limited resources toward the conservation of biodiversity. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,KINGSTON,RI 02881. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. AMER ASSOC ZOOL PARKS & AQUARIUMS,BETHESDA,MD 20814. WILDLIFE PRESERVAT TRUST INT,PORTAL,AZ 85632. SIERRA CLUB LEGAL DEF FUND,SEATTLE,WA 98112. CINVESTAV IPN,MERIDA 97310,MEXICO. NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP MILLER, B (reprint author), NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,CTR ECOL,APARTADO POSTAL 70-275,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 18 IS 5 BP 637 EP 645 DI 10.1007/BF02394630 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NY153 UT WOS:A1994NY15300001 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, EG ERWIN, DH AF KAUFFMAN, EG ERWIN, DH TI IGCP-335 - BIOTIC RECOVERIES FROM MASS EXTINCTION - INITIAL MEETINGS SO EPISODES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP KAUFFMAN, EG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Erwin, Douglas/A-9668-2009 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI HERNDON PA PO BOX 919, HERNDON, VA 22070 SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD SEP PY 1994 VL 17 IS 3 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QJ169 UT WOS:A1994QJ16900013 ER PT J AU KAEPPLER, AL AF KAEPPLER, AL TI MUSIC, METAPHOR AND MISUNDERSTANDING + TONGAN MUSIC SO ETHNOMUSICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP KAEPPLER, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ETHNOMUSICOLOGY INC PI BLOOMINGTON PA MORRISON HALL, ROOM 005 INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 SN 0014-1836 J9 ETHNOMUSICOLOGY JI Ethnomusicology PD FAL PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 457 EP 473 DI 10.2307/852111 PG 17 WC Music SC Music GA PN909 UT WOS:A1994PN90900003 ER PT J AU PRUNA, PM AF PRUNA, PM TI NATIONAL SCIENCE IN A COLONIAL CONTEXT - THE ROYAL-ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF HAVANA, 1861-1989 SO ISIS LA English DT Article RP PRUNA, PM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST ARCH,MRC-429,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 1994 VL 85 IS 3 BP 412 EP 426 DI 10.1086/356890 PG 15 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA PH899 UT WOS:A1994PH89900002 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, FE ABDALI, S FREDERIKSEN, PK HORNSTRUP, A RASMUSSEN, I WESTERGAARD, NJ SCHNOPPER, HW LOUIS, E VOORMA, HJ KOSTER, N WIEBICKE, H HALM, I GEPPERT, U SILVER, E LEGROS, M BOROZDIN, K JOENSEN, KD GORENSTEIN, P WOOD, J GUTMAN, G AF CHRISTENSEN, FE ABDALI, S FREDERIKSEN, PK HORNSTRUP, A RASMUSSEN, I WESTERGAARD, NJ SCHNOPPER, HW LOUIS, E VOORMA, HJ KOSTER, N WIEBICKE, H HALM, I GEPPERT, U SILVER, E LEGROS, M BOROZDIN, K JOENSEN, KD GORENSTEIN, P WOOD, J GUTMAN, G TI SOME APPLICATIONS OF NANOMETER-SCALE STRUCTURES FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE X-RAY SPACE RESEARCH SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE III LA English DT Article ID GRATING SPECTROMETER; SPECTRA; MIRRORS AB Nanometer scale structures such as multilayers, gratings and natural crystals are playing an increasing role in spectroscopic applications for X-ray astrophysics. A few examples are briefly described as an introduction to current and planned applications pursued at the Danish Space Research Institute in collaboration with the FOM Institute for Plasma Physics, Nieuwegein, the Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik, Aussenstelle Berlin, the Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Ovonics Synthetic Materials Company and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These examples include: 1. the application of multilayered Si crystals for simultaneous spectroscopy in two energy bands one centred around the SK-emission near 2.45 keV and the other below the CK absorption edge at 0.284 keV ; 2. the use of in-depth graded period multilayer structures for broad band spectroscopy in the energy range up to 100 keV; 3. the potential use of large perfect asymmetrically cut Si or Ge crystals combined with a short focal length multilayer telescope for ultra high energy resolution solar/stellar spectroscopy with E/DELTAE > 10(4) and; 4. high throughput multilayer coated telescope for high resolution Fe K line spectroscopy with microcalorimeters. C1 FOM,INST PLASMA PHYS,3430 BE NIEUWEGEIN,NETHERLANDS. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,D-12489 BERLIN,GERMANY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,EXPTL ASTROPHYS LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SPACE RES INST,DEPT HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS,MOSCOW 117810,RUSSIA. OVON SYNTHET MAT CO,TROY,MI 48084. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP CHRISTENSEN, FE (reprint author), DANISH SPACE RES INST,G LUNDTOFTEVEJ 7,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4320 J9 J PHYS III JI J. Phys. III PD SEP PY 1994 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1599 EP 1612 DI 10.1051/jp3:1994227 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Materials Science; Physics GA PH373 UT WOS:A1994PH37300012 ER PT J AU SHARRER, GT AF SHARRER, GT TI 75 YEARS OF SERVICE - COOPERATIVE EXTENSION IN IOWA - SCHWEIDER,D SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP SHARRER, GT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 81 IS 2 BP 759 EP 760 DI 10.2307/2081338 PG 2 WC History SC History GA PG528 UT WOS:A1994PG52800175 ER PT J AU WEIL, SE AF WEIL, SE TI PUBLICLY CHOSEN ART, WHAT STANDARDS APPLY SO JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT LAW AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article RP WEIL, SE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,HIRSHHORN MUSEUM & SCULPTURE GARDEN,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 1063-2921 J9 J ART MANAG LAW SOC JI J. Arts Manage. Law Soc. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3 BP 189 EP 208 PG 20 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PY024 UT WOS:A1994PY02400001 ER PT J AU CIPOLLINI, ML WALLACESENFT, DA WHIGHAM, DF AF CIPOLLINI, ML WALLACESENFT, DA WHIGHAM, DF TI A MODEL OF PATCH DYNAMICS, SEED DISPERSAL, AND SEX-RATIO IN THE DIOECIOUS SHRUB LINDERA BENZOIN (LAURACEAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIOECY; LEFKOVITCH MATRIX; METAPOPULATION; POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY; SEED DISPERSAL; SEX RATIO; TREEFALL GAP DYNAMICS ID TROPICAL FORESTS; TREEFALL GAPS; RAIN-FOREST; DEMOGRAPHY; PLANTS; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; COMPONENTS; HERBIVORY AB 1 We used a combined model of forest canopy dynamics and patch-specific demography to examine the response of a forest understorey shrub, Lindera benzoin, to changes in rates of forest disturbance, rates of long distance seed dispersal, and relative effects of canopy closure on males and females. Because L. benzoin is dioecious, our analysis allowed an examination of sexual dimorphism and its effect upon habitat-specific patterns of sex ratio. 2 The matrix modelling approach followed that of Horvitz and Schemske (1986), in which demographic parameters of a population experiencing new treefall gap conditions are modified using functions describing changes in growth, survivorship and reproduction as gaps close. 3 In our analysis, effects of full canopy closure were estimated by comparing growth of adults in new treefall gaps with those in fully closed understorey, and by comparing mortality of seedlings and juveniles within subplots classified according to mean light level. Growth, survival and reproduction in intermediate successional patches leading to fully closed canopy followed a response pattern expected for shade-tolerant species, where declines in fitness components only become important as full canopy closure approaches. 4 Our results suggest positive effects of an increased rate of canopy disturbance and increased long-distance seed dispersal on mean population growth rate (fitness) in L. benzoin. 5 Our analyses predict only slightly male-biased adult sex ratios that result from relatively lower growth and survivorship for adult females (assumed to be associated with greater reproductive costs). 6 We discuss our results with respect to observed patterns of sexual dimorphism, seed dispersal, and adult sex ratio in L. benzoin, and in terms of the overall potential influence of forest gap dynamics on the demography of understorey shrubs. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 50 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 82 IS 3 BP 621 EP 633 DI 10.2307/2261269 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF542 UT WOS:A1994PF54200017 ER PT J AU LEIGH, EG AF LEIGH, EG TI DO INSECT PESTS PROMOTE MUTUALISM AMONG TROPICAL TREES SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUP SELECTION; LEAF PRODUCTION; RAIN FORESTS; EVOLUTION; DIVERSITY; HERBIVORY; MECHANISMS; HYPOTHESIS; DOMINANCE; MODEL C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 82 IS 3 BP 677 EP 680 DI 10.2307/2261274 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF542 UT WOS:A1994PF54200022 ER PT J AU HOLSINGER, JR HUBBARD, DA BOWMAN, TE AF HOLSINGER, JR HUBBARD, DA BOWMAN, TE TI BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF NEWLY DISCOVERED POPULATIONS OF THE STYGOBIONT ISOPOD CRUSTACEAN ANTROLANA LIRA BOWMAN (CIROLANIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE CIROLANIDAE; CRETACEOUS; EMBAYMENTS; GROUNDWATER; ISOPODS; KARST; PHREATIC; STRANDING; SUBTERRANEAN; TERTIARY ID EVOLUTION AB The recent discovery of the stygobiont isopod Antrolana lira Bowman from five new cave localities in the Shenandoah Valley of northwestern Virginia has not only resulted in a significant range extension for this rare species but has also shed new light on its origin and increased our knowledge of its habitat. Prior to 1990, A. lira was known only from two caves on the northeastern end of Cave Hill in Augusta Co., VA. To date A. lira has been found only in bodies of cave water that fluctuate in concert with vertical movements of the local water table, suggesting that this species is confined to open fissures and solution cavities in the phreatic zone. Although it is widely accepted that subterranean freshwater isopods of the predominantly marine family Cirolanidae were derived from marine ancestors by 'stranding' during regressions of marine embayments in Late Cretaceous or Tertiary times, until now this theory failed to explain the origin of A. lira. Unlike all other stygobiont cirolanids, the known distribution of A. lira was believed to be too far inland to have been affected by Cretaceous or Tertiary marine embayments in eastern North America. However, one of the new localities extends its range approximately 96km north-northeast of Cave Hill, and therefore much closer to carbonate rocks in the northern Shenandoah Valley that conceivably were proximate or even directly exposed to one of the more extensive marine transgressions into the Potomac basin during the late Cretaceous or early to middle Tertiary. C1 VIRGINIA DIV MINERAL RESOURCES,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP HOLSINGER, JR (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NORFOLK,VA 23529, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1058 DI 10.1080/00222939400770551 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PJ645 UT WOS:A1994PJ64500004 ER PT J AU MACLEOD, KG AF MACLEOD, KG TI EXTINCTION OF INOCERAMID BIVALVES IN MAASTRICHTIAN STRATA OF THE BAY OF BISCAY REGION OF FRANCE AND SPAIN SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; NORTHERN SPAIN; BASQUE COUNTRY; EVOLUTION; SECTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; PATTERNS; ZUMAYA AB Maastrichtian strata of the Zumaya-Algorta Formation of southwestern France and northeastern Spain record a major pulse of extinction among inoceramid bivalves well before the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary. Inoceramids are the most abundant macrofossils preserved in the study sections; at least six species of Inoceramus [I. (Endocostea) aff. I. (En.) balticus Giers, I. (En.) pteroides Giers, I. (Platyceramus) aff. I. (PI.) cycloides Wegner, I. (Trochoceramus) nahorianensis Kociubynskij, I. (Tr.) morgani Sornay, and I.(?) goldfussianus d'Orbigny] are common to abundant in lower Maastrichtian strata. However, all six species disappear over a few tens of meters of section near the base of the upper Maastrichtian, as defined by the first appearance of the planktonic foraminifer Abathomphalus mayaroensis. Tenuipteria argentea (Conrad), which has not been recovered from the lower Maastrichtian portions of the sections, occurs at low abundances through the upper Maastrichtian, disappearing within 10 cm of the K-T boundary. The mid-Maastrichtian extinction inter-val among inoceramids occurs within the upper Globotruncana gansseri to lower Abathomphalus mayaroensis planktonic foraminiferal zone, in nannofossil zone 24 to 2 5A, in the Anapachydiscus fresvillensis ammonite zone, in magnetochron 31N, and near the base of a change in slope of the seawater strontium curve, all as recognized by previous studies in one or more of the study sections. Whereas the new data presented here are not global in extent, the observed distribution of inoceramids may be the local manifestation of global oceanic changes during the mid-Maastrichtian. RP MACLEOD, KG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,MRC NHB 121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017 OI MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837 NR 75 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1048 EP 1066 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA PJ918 UT WOS:A1994PJ91800010 ER PT J AU HOTTON, N AF HOTTON, N TI BOTH SIDES OF THE MEDAL - A MEMORIAL - OLSON,E.C. (1910-1993) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP HOTTON, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL MRC NHB 121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1168 PG 3 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA PJ918 UT WOS:A1994PJ91800022 ER PT J AU CHANCE, K JUCKS, KW JOHNSON, DG TRAUB, WA AF CHANCE, K JUCKS, KW JOHNSON, DG TRAUB, WA TI THE SMITHSONIAN-ASTROPHYSICAL-OBSERVATORY DATABASE SAO92 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Atmospheric Spectroscopy Applications CY SEP 08-10, 1993 CL REIMS, FRANCE ID FAR-INFRARED-SPECTRUM; TRANSITION FREQUENCIES; ROTATIONAL LINE; DIPOLE-MOMENT; REGION; HF; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTANTS; STRENGTHS; CM-1 AB The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAG) maintains a molecular line database (the SAO line database) for analysis of atmospheric spectra in the far i.r. and longer-wave mid i.r., from 10-800 cm(-1). This database combines the best currently available line parameters, including the HITRAN(1,2) molecular database, the JPL submillimeter, millimeter, and microwave spectral line catalog(3) (JPLSMM), and other available measurements and calculations. The current version of the database contains 154,895 lines from H2O, CO2, O-3, N2O, CO, CH4, O-2 (including the (1) Delta state), NO, SO2, NO2, NH3, HNO3, OH, HF, HCl, HBr, HI, ClO, OCS, H2CO, HOCl, HCN, H2O2, O(P-3), and HO2. The database is available in both HITRAN-type 80 character (SAO92) and 100 character (SAO92A) formats. 1. L. S. Rothman, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, L. R. Brown, R. A. Toth, H. M. Pickett, R. L. Poynter, J.-M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, A. Barbe, N. Husson, C. P. Rinsland, and M. A. H. Smith, Appl. Opt. 26, 4058 (1987). 2. L. S. Rothman, R. R. Gamache, R. H. Tipping, C. P. Rinsland, M. A. H. Smith, D. Chris Benner, V. Malathy Devi, J.-M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, A. Perrin, A. Goldman, S. T. Massie, L. R. Brown, and R. A. Toth, JQSRT. 48, 469 (1992). 3. R. L. Poynter and H. M. Pickett, Submillimeter millimeter and microwave spectral line catalog, Publ. 80-23, revision 2, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA (1984). RP CHANCE, K (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Johnson, David/F-2376-2015; OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4399-5653; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(94)90173-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA PT838 UT WOS:A1994PT83800022 ER PT J AU SABO, BA LAYBOURNE, RC AF SABO, BA LAYBOURNE, RC TI PREPARATION OF AVIAN MATERIAL RECOVERED FROM PELLETS AND AS PREY REMAINS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE FOOD HABITS TECHNIQUE; PREPARATION FOR FEATHER IDENTIFICATION; PREY ANALYSIS C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DIV BIRDS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP SABO, BA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FORENS LAB,1490 E MAIN ST,ASHLAND,OR 97520, USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 192 EP 193 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PL683 UT WOS:A1994PL68300012 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, LA ARMSTRONG, DL BROWN, JL AF JOHNSTON, LA ARMSTRONG, DL BROWN, JL TI SEASONAL EFFECTS ON SEMINAL AND ENDOCRINE TRAITS IN THE CAPTIVE SNOW LEOPARD (PANTHERA-UNCIA) SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY; SIBERIAN TIGERS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CLOUDED LEOPARD; PITUITARY; PROGESTERONE; TESTOSTERONE; SECRETION AB The annual reproductive cycle of the male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was characterized by evaluating seminal and endocrine traits monthly. Testicular volume was greatest (P < 0.05) during the winter months when the quality of ejaculate was optimal. Ejaculate volume, total sperm concentration ml(-1), motile sperm concentration per ejaculate, sperm morphology and sperm motility index were lowest during the summer and autumn months compared with the winter and spring. Peripheral LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were also lowest during the summer months, increasing during the autumn just before the increase in semen quality, and were maximal during the winter months. There was a direct relationship (P < 0.01) between: (1) testosterone and testicular volume, total sperm concentration ml(-1), motile sperm concentration per ejaculate and ejaculate volume, and (2) LH and testicular volume and motile sperm concentration per ejaculate. In summary, although spermatozoa were recovered throughout the year, optimal gamete quality was observed during the winter and spring. Although previous studies in felids have demonstrated seasonal effects on either seminal or endocrine traits, this is the first study to demonstrate a distinct effect of season on both pituitary and testicular function. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP JOHNSTON, LA (reprint author), OMAHA HENRY DOORLY ZOO,3701 S 10TH ST,OMAHA,NE 68107, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 19 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 102 IS 1 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PT071 UT WOS:A1994PT07100030 PM 7799318 ER PT J AU NEUMAN, RB HARPER, DAT VANSTAAL, CR COCKS, LRM MCKERROW, WS AF NEUMAN, RB HARPER, DAT VANSTAAL, CR COCKS, LRM MCKERROW, WS TI DISCUSSION ON A REASSESSMENT OF THE EARLY ORDOVICIAN CELTIC BRACHIOPOD PROVINCE SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Discussion ID CENTRAL NEWFOUNDLAND; APPALACHIANS; IAPETUS; ARC C1 NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL GALWAY,DEPT GEOL,GALWAY,IRELAND. GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ON,CANADA. NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT PALAEONTOL,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT EARTH SCI,OXFORD OX1 3PR,ENGLAND. RP NEUMAN, RB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT PALEOBIOL,MRC 137,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Harper, David/C-6888-2012 OI Harper, David/0000-0003-1315-9494 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BATH, AVON, ENGLAND BA1 3JN SN 0016-7649 J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON JI J. Geol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 151 BP 891 EP 892 PN 5 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PF638 UT WOS:A1994PF63800017 ER PT J AU DEIN, FJ WILSON, A FISCHER, D LANGENBERG, P AF DEIN, FJ WILSON, A FISCHER, D LANGENBERG, P TI AVIAN LEUKOCYTE COUNTING USING THE HEMOCYTOMETER SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE BIRDS; HEMOCYTOMETER COUNTING; BLOOD CELLS; LEUKOCYTES; COUNTING METHODS AB Automated methods for counting leucocytes in avian blood are not available because of the presence of nucleated erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Therefore, total white blood cell counts are performed by hand using a hemocytometer. The Natt and Herrick and the Unopette methods are the most common stain and diluent preparations for this procedure. Replicate hemocytometer counts using these two methods were performed on blood from four birds of different species. Cells present in each square of the hemocytometer were counted. Counting cells in the corner, side, or center hemocytometer squares produced statistically equivalent results; counting four squares per chamber provided a result similar to that obtained by counting nine squares; and the Unopette method was more precise for hemocytometer counting than was the Natt and Herrick method. The Unopette method is easier to learn and perform but is an indirect process, utilizing the differential count from a stained smear. The Natt and Herrick method is a direct total count, but cell identification is more difficult. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP DEIN, FJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,6006 SHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3 BP 432 EP 437 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF358 UT WOS:A1994PF35800011 ER PT J AU AIELLO, A AF AIELLO, A TI JOURNEY TO THE ANTS - A STORY OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION - HOLLDOBLER,B, WILSON,EO SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP AIELLO, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 14 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PE175 UT WOS:A1994PE17500200 ER PT J AU KAEPPLER, AL AF KAEPPLER, AL TI TIKOPIA SONGS - POETIC AND MUSICAL ART OF A POLYNESIAN PEOPLE OF THE SOLOMON-ISLANDS - FIRTH,R, MCLEAN,M SO MAN LA English DT Book Review RP KAEPPLER, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INST PI LONDON PA 50 FITZROY STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 5HS SN 0025-1496 J9 MAN PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 3 BP 720 EP 721 DI 10.2307/2804360 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA PJ859 UT WOS:A1994PJ85900019 ER PT J AU CARILLI, CL PERLEY, RA HARRIS, DE AF CARILLI, CL PERLEY, RA HARRIS, DE TI OBSERVATIONS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN CLUSTER GAS AND THE RADIO LOBES OF CYGNUS-A SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE HYDRODYNAMICS; GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, CLUSTERS, INDIVIDUAL, CYGNUS-A; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; GALAXIES, JETS; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID DISCOVERY; GALAXIES AB We present an X-ray observation of the powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A using the ROSAT High Resolution Imager. This observation reveals clear signatures of hydrodynamic modification of the cluster gas by the jets and lobes of the radio source. There are clear deficits of X-ray surface brightness coincident with the inner radio lobes. Such deficits suggest that the thermal cluster gas is effectively excluded from the radio lobes. Likewise, there are knots of excess X-ray emission along the edges of the radio lobes, corresponding to emission by the displaced intracluster medium (ICM). These features can be explained in the context of the jet model for the hydrodynamic evolution of the radio-emitting lobes of a powerful radio source in the centre of a dense X-ray cluster. These observations provide strong support for the basic jet model for powerful radio galaxies. C1 NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV, SOCORRO, NM 87801 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP CARILLI, CL (reprint author), LEIDEN OBSERV, POSTBUS 9513, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS. NR 21 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 270 IS 1 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PE660 UT WOS:A1994PE66000017 ER PT J AU WEIL, SE AF WEIL, SE TI CREAMPUFFS AND HARDBALL, ARE YOU REALLY WORTH WHAT YOU COST + MUSEUMS ARE FACED WITH THE TOUGH QUESTIONS ADDRESSING THEIR RELATIVE WORTHINESS TO SOCIETY TODAY SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP WEIL, SE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,HIRSHHORN MUSEUM & SCULPTURE GARDEN,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 73 IS 5 BP 42 EP & PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA PD580 UT WOS:A1994PD58000006 ER PT J AU BILBY, K AF BILBY, K TI 40 YEARS OF STEEL - AN ANNOTATED DISCOGRAPHY OF STEEL-BAND AND PAN PAN RECORDINGS, 1951-1991 - THOMAS,J SO NOTES LA English DT Book Review RP BILBY, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUSIC LIBRARY ASSN PI CATON PA BUSINESS OFFICE PO BOX 487, CATON, MA 02021 SN 0027-4380 J9 NOTES JI Notes PD SEP PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.2307/899243 PG 2 WC Music SC Music GA PF948 UT WOS:A1994PF94800088 ER PT J AU JACKSON, JBC CHEETHAM, AH AF JACKSON, JBC CHEETHAM, AH TI PHYLOGENY RECONSTRUCTION AND THE TEMPO OF SPECIATION IN CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF COMMUNITIES; PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC CORRESPONDENCE; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; NEOGENE BRYOZOAN; FREQUENCY DATA; EVOLUTION; FOSSILS; SYSTEMATICS; MORPHOLOGY AB We compared phylogenies derived from morphological data for two cheilostome bryozoan genera, Stylopoma and Metrarabdotos, with genetic differences between species (Stylopoma) and the stratigraphic occurrence of fossils (both genera). Correspondence between species of Stylopoma defined by protein electrophoresis and on preservable skeletal morphology is excellent, despite great morphological variability within colonies and the predominance of quantitative over discrete characters. Moreover, agreement between genetic and morphological classifications increased greatly when morphological discrimination was pushed to the limit, despite inability to consistently assign all specimens to species with high confidence. This ''splitting'' strategy also maximized the correlation between genetic distances and the distances between species in cladistically derived phylogenies. Fossil and living species of both genera are sufficiently abundant and widespread to provide credible limits for inferred ancestral relationships. Inclusion of fossils in cladistic analyses of Stylopoma increased the consistency of cladistic hypotheses by up to 30% and provided a more effective means of rooting trees than comparison with living species of the most closely related genus (''outgroup''). Moreover, the case of Metrarabdotos, failure to incorporate stratigraphic information turned the cladogram virtually upside down, so that postulated ancestors first appear in the fossil record 6-16 m.y. after their putative descendants became extinct. Stratigraphically rooted trees suggest that most well-sampled Metrarabdotos and Stylopoma species orginated fully differentiated morphologically and persisted unchanged for > 1 to > 16 m.y., typically alongside their putative ancestors. Moreover, the tight correlation between phenetic, cladistic, and genetic distances among living Stylopoma species suggests that changes in all three variables occurred together during speciation. All of these observations support the punctuated equilibrium model of speciation. RP JACKSON, JBC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR TROP PALEOECOL & ARCHAEOL,BOX 1072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 75 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 13 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD FAL PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP 407 EP 423 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA PY104 UT WOS:A1994PY10400001 ER PT J AU LEWENSTEIN, M YOU, L COOPER, J BURNETT, K AF LEWENSTEIN, M YOU, L COOPER, J BURNETT, K TI QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY OF ATOMS INTERACTING WITH PHOTONS - FOUNDATIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; COMPOSITE-PARTICLES; VIBRATIONAL LEVELS; DENSITY PROFILE; HYDROGEN; GAS; REPRESENTATION; SCATTERING; MOLECULE AB We discuss theoretical foundations of the emerging area of quantum-optical studies of many-body systems: a quantum field theory of atoms interacting with photons. This theory is designed to describe quantum-statistical systems of cooled and trapped atoms undergoing spontaneous and stimulated emission processes. Formulated in the framework of the second quantization, this theory accounts fully for quantum-statistical properties of atoms as bosons or fermions. In particular, it applies to a description of the formation of the Bose-Einstein condensate in bosonic systems, as well as the spectroscopy and other quantum optical properties of the Bose-Einstein condensate. We derive the general second quantized Hamiltonian of this theory and discuss in detail various approximations. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,CLARENDON LAB,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. RP LEWENSTEIN, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 89 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2207 EP 2231 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.2207 PG 25 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PG809 UT WOS:A1994PG80900033 ER PT J AU IMAMOGLU, A YOU, L AF IMAMOGLU, A YOU, L TI MANY-BODY QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO WAVE-FUNCTION APPROACH TO THE DISSIPATIVE ATOM-FIELD INTERACTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTON RECOIL; OPTICS; LASER; SIMULATION; INTERFEROMETER; EQUATIONS AB We develop a many-body quantum Monte Carlo wave-function approach to analyze the dissipative interaction of ultracold free atoms with the radiation field reservoir. A Markovian master equation for the identical atoms that neglects the dipole-dipole interaction is derived within the framework of quantum field theory. The effective Hamiltonian obtained by a decomposition of the master equation explicitly depends on the quantum statistics. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP IMAMOGLU, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2642 EP 2645 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.2642 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PG809 UT WOS:A1994PG80900085 ER PT J AU MANNING, RD BUTERA, A AF MANNING, RD BUTERA, A TI FROM ELLIS-ISLAND TO THE GOLDEN ARCHES, THE NEW IMMIGRATION AND POSTINDUSTRIAL AMERICA SO PROTEUS LA English DT Article C1 AMERICAN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20016. UNIV CATANIA,I-95124 CATANIA,ITALY. RP MANNING, RD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROTEUS PI SHIPPENSBURG PA SHIPPENSBURG UNIV, SHIPPENSBURG, PA 17257 SN 0889-6348 J9 PROTEUS JI Proteus PD FAL PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PT206 UT WOS:A1994PT20600005 ER PT J AU DOWLING, SA AF DOWLING, SA TI INFORMATION ACCESS - PUBLIC-GOODS OR PRIVATE GOODS SO SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE INFORMATION ACCESS; PRIVATIZATION; PRIVATE GOODS; PUBLIC GOODS AB With emerging product technology such as CD-I, DV-I, and so forth, and the possibility of charging user fees for online access, the privatization of government information dissemination offers the prospect of revenue that some argue would be sufficient to permit expanded access to currently unavailable information and possibly even surplus revenue. Drawing on the literature of public goods and microeconomic theory, this essay argues that privatization of access to public information is inefficient with respect to social welfare, is discriminatory, and is not in the public interest. Conversely, dissemination of government information as a public good would increase economic benefits by leveraging positive externalities and would provide more equal access consistent with the demands of a pluralistic and democratic society. RP DOWLING, SA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,NEW MEDIA INITIAT,8TH & G ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0894-4393 J9 SOC SCI COMPUT REV JI Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 12 IS 3 BP 333 EP 350 DI 10.1177/089443939401200301 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE139 UT WOS:A1994PE13900001 ER PT J AU MORROW, CJ ASHER, GW BERG, DK TERVIT, HR PUGH, PA MCMILLAN, WH BEAUMONT, S HALL, DRH BELL, ACS AF MORROW, CJ ASHER, GW BERG, DK TERVIT, HR PUGH, PA MCMILLAN, WH BEAUMONT, S HALL, DRH BELL, ACS TI EMBRYO-TRANSFER IN FALLOW DEER (DAMA-DAMA) - SUPEROVULATION, EMBRYO RECOVERY AND LAPAROSCOPIC TRANSFER OF FRESH AND CRYOPRESERVED EMBRYOS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FALLOW DEER; DAMA DAMA; SUPEROVULATION; EMBRYO TRANSFER ID FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN; INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; SYNCHRONIZATION; MELATONIN AB Multiple ovulation-embryo transfer (MOET) protocols for farmed fallow deer (Drama dama) were investigated in a series of 3 experiments. A total of 37 donors, of either European D.d. dama; n = 30) or Mesopotamian hybrid (D.d. mesopotamica X D.d. dama; n = 7) genotype, each received an intravaginal silastic device containing 0.3 g progesterone (CIDR(R)-type G device) for 14 d and injections of 0.5 units ovine FSH (8 x 0.06 unit injections from Days 10 to 14 of device insertion) and 100 IU PMSG (either with the first or last FSH injection). All donors received laparoscopic intrauterine inseminations of fresh semen (50 x 10(6) spermatozoa) from a Mesopotamian sire 36 h after withdrawal of CIDR(R) devices. Embryos were recovered by laparotomy on Day 6 (Day 0 = estrus). Mean ovulation rates for the 3 experiments were 8.1, 9.8 and 7.0, with no effect of PMSG timing (P>0.10). However, embryo recovery rates, albeit low throughout the study (29.6%), were significantly improved with later PMSG administration (33.9 vs 20.1%; P<0.05). Hybrid and European donors performed in a similar manner. A range of embryo development stages was recovered throughout the study. In 2 experiments laparoscopic transfer of embryos to 48 recipient does treated previously with intravaginal CIDR(R) devices for 14 d yielded a total pregnancy rate of 37.5%. In the experiment with fresh embryos, the use of clenbuterol to reduce uterine turgidity resulted in a higher proportion of does conceiving (3/4; 75%) compared with that of the untreated does (0/6, 0%; P<0.05). In the second experiment, in which all the does routinely received clenbuterol, 10/19 (53%) and 5/19 (26%) does conceived following the transfer of fresh and cryopreserved embryos, respectively (P<0.05). While the overall efficiency of the MOET program was low (equivalent of 0.9 to 1.0 surrogate pregnancies per donor), improvements in the recovery late of transferable embryos have considerable potential for genetic improvement of farm stock and captive propagation of endangered Mesopotamian fallow deer through maternal surrogacy programs. C1 NEW ZEALAND PASTORAL AGR RES INST,RUAKURA AGR CTR,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CTR CONSERVAT & RES,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. AGRES,INVERMAY AGR CTR,MOSGIEL,NEW ZEALAND. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(94)90375-S PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA PF728 UT WOS:A1994PF72800003 PM 16727564 ER PT J AU DAVIS, WE BEEHLER, BM AF DAVIS, WE BEEHLER, BM TI NESTING-BEHAVIOR OF A RAGGIANA BIRD-OF-PARADISE SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGY AB We made observations of a nest of a Raggiana Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea raggiana) for 22 days. The single nestling was attended only by the female and was fed only arthropods until day 5, and thereafter a mix of arthropods and fruit. Evidence from regurgitation of seeds at the nest indicates that the parent subsisted largely on fruit. This dietary dichotomy conforms to that of other polygynous birds of paradise and accords with socioecological predictions concerning single-parent nestling care. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DIV BIRD,NYZS,WILDLIFE CONSERVAT SOC & CONSERVAT INT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP DAVIS, WE (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,COLL GEN STUDIES,871 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 522 EP 530 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PK023 UT WOS:A1994PK02300011 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GD BALDWIN, CC AF JOHNSON, GD BALDWIN, CC TI ACCOUNTING FOR ENDOTHERMY IN FISHES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEATER; MUSCLE; BRAIN; PHYLOGENY; SKIPJACK; TUNA RP JOHNSON, GD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 26 PY 1994 VL 265 IS 5176 BP 1249 EP 1250 DI 10.1126/science.265.5176.1249 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PD422 UT WOS:A1994PD42200043 PM 17787591 ER PT J AU KJELLBERG, F ANSTETT, MC HERRE, EA AF KJELLBERG, F ANSTETT, MC HERRE, EA TI YUCCA SEX SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID FIGS C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP KJELLBERG, F (reprint author), CNRS,CTR ECOL FONCT & EVOLUT,BP 5051,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 25 PY 1994 VL 370 IS 6491 BP 604 EP 604 DI 10.1038/370604b0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PD310 UT WOS:A1994PD31000032 ER PT J AU MECKLENBURG, MF TUMOSA, CS ERLEBACHER, JD AF MECKLENBURG, MF TUMOSA, CS ERLEBACHER, JD TI MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR OF ARTISTS ACRYLIC PAINTS UNDER EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI Erlebacher, Jonah/A-3231-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 10 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA269 UT WOS:A1994PA26901025 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DC AF WILLIAMS, DC TI IN SEARCH OF THE PERFECT POLYMER FOR CONSERVATION COATINGS ON WOOD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 32 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA269 UT WOS:A1994PA26901047 ER PT J AU ROWLEY, JK FIREMAN, EL CLEVELAND, BT DAVIS, R LANDE, K AF ROWLEY, JK FIREMAN, EL CLEVELAND, BT DAVIS, R LANDE, K TI A REEVALUATION OF THE COSMIC-RAY BACKGROUND FOR THE HOMESTAKE CHLORINE SOLAR-NEUTRINO DETECTOR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV PENN,DEPT ASTRON,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 48 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA269 UT WOS:A1994PA26900047 ER PT J AU FULLER, RW CARDELLINA, JH JUREK, J SCHEUER, PJ ALVARADOLINDER, B MCGUIRE, M GRAY, GN STEINER, JR CLARDY, J MENEZ, E NEWMAN, DJ SNADER, KM BOYD, MR AF FULLER, RW CARDELLINA, JH JUREK, J SCHEUER, PJ ALVARADOLINDER, B MCGUIRE, M GRAY, GN STEINER, JR CLARDY, J MENEZ, E NEWMAN, DJ SNADER, KM BOYD, MR TI HALOMON ANALOGS - ADDITIONAL HALOGENTATED MONOTERPENES FROM PORTIERIA-HORNEMANNII WITH A NOVEL IN-VITRO ANTITUMOR RESPONSE PROFILE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,DIV CANC TREATMENT,DEV THERAPEUT PROGRAM,DRUG DISCOVERY RES & DEV LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,PROGRAM RESOURCES INC,DYN CORP,FREDERICK,MD 21701. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT CHEM,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CORNELL UNIV,BAKER LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 92 EP MEDI PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26102886 ER PT J AU FIORE, F ELVIS, M MCDOWELL, JC SIEMIGINOWSKA, A WILKES, BJ AF FIORE, F ELVIS, M MCDOWELL, JC SIEMIGINOWSKA, A WILKES, BJ TI THE COMPLEX OPTICAL TO SOFT-X-RAY SPECTRUM OF THE LOW-REDSHIFT RADIO-QUIET QUASARS .1. THE X-RAY DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE QUASARS, GENERAL; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COLD MATTER; SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; WARM ABSORBER; ULTRAVIOLET; EMISSION; EXCESS; AGN; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION AB Eight high signal-to-noise ROSAT PSPC observations of six low-redshift (0.048 < z < 0. 1 55) radio-quiet quasars have been analyzed to study any soft excess. All the spectra can, at least roughly, be described in the 0.1-2.5 keV band by simple power laws reduced at low energies by Galactic absorption. The strong oxygen edges seen in the PSPC spectra of several Seyfert galaxies and quasars are not observed in this sample. The limits implied for the amount of absorbing gas intrinsic to the quasars are particularly tight: of the order of approximately 10(20) cm-2. The range of energy indices is broad: 1.3 < alpha(E) < 2.3. The energy indices are systematically steeper than those found in the same sources at higher energies [by DELTAalpha(E) approximately 0.5-1 with respect to Ginga or EXOSAT (2-10 keV) measurements, and by DELTAalpha(E) approximately 0.5 with respect to IPC (0.2-3.5 keV) measurements]. This suggests a break between the hard and soft components in the ''keV'' region and, therefore, that the PSPC spectra are strongly dominated by the soft components. In fact, a fit to the composite, high signal-to-noise spectrum reveals a significant excess above approximately 1 keV with respect to the simple power-law model. No evidence for strong emission lines is found in any of the quasars. This argues against emission from an ionized plasma as the main contributor to the soft X-ray component unless there is a distribution of temperatures. If the soft X-ray spectrum of these quasars is dominated by radiation reflected by the photoionized surface of an accretion disk, the absence of strong emission lines suggests high ionization parameters and therefore high accretion rates. We include in two Appendices a comparison of the two official PSPC resolution matrices, those released on 1992 March and on 1993 January, a discussion of the amplitude of the residual systematic uncertainties in the 1993 January matrix, and a comparison between the PSPC and IPC spectra of a sample of sources. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. OI Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 56 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP 515 EP 533 DI 10.1086/174504 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC148 UT WOS:A1994PC14800006 ER PT J AU YI, IS AF YI, IS TI STATISTICS OF COSMOLOGICAL GAMMA-RAY BURSTS - SOURCE EVOLUTION, COSMOLOGICAL GEOMETRY, AND RELATIVISTIC BEAMING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, THEORY; GAMMA-RAYS, BURSTS; METHODS, STATISTICAL ID NEUTRON-STAR; BULK MOTION; GALAXY; CONSTANT; MODELS; LUMINOSITY; BINARIES; MERGERS; NUMBER; BATSE AB We calculate effects of source evolution, cosmological geometry, and luminosity distribution on statistics of gamma-ray bursts in the cosmological scenario. Nonstandard cosmological models affect the burst statistics in such a way that effects of source evolution or luminosity distribution may not be easily distinguishable from those of the cosmological geometry. The probability of gravitational lensing of gamma-ray bursts depends sensitively on source evolution, which suggests that detection of lensed bursts could not only confirm the cosmological origin itself but also give some constraints on source evolution. If gamma rays are emitted from sources in relativistic bulk motion such as collimated.jets, observed gamma rays are strongly beamed. The apparent observed luminosity of the burst is a function of an angle between the observer's line of sight and the direction of bulk motion. We consider effects of apparent luminosity distributions (due to beaming) on the burst statistics. The predicted distributions of durations and the flux-duration relation differ greatly from those of the simplest cosmological model without beaming. Source evolution, luminosity distribution, and cosmological geometry are virtually indistinguishable from one another within the simplest statistical measures. More detailed statistical measures such as the distribution of durations or the peak-flux-duration relation may provide further information. RP YI, IS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP 543 EP 558 DI 10.1086/174506 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC148 UT WOS:A1994PC14800008 ER PT J AU PARK, CB VOGELEY, MS GELLER, MJ HUCHRA, JP AF PARK, CB VOGELEY, MS GELLER, MJ HUCHRA, JP TI POWER SPECTRUM, CORRELATION-FUNCTION, AND TESTS FOR LUMINOSITY BIAS IN THE CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, CLUSTERING; GALAXIES, DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS; METHODS, NUMERICAL ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; COLD DARK MATTER; PISCES-PERSEUS SUPERCLUSTER; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; GALAXY FORMATION; IRAS GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; SEGREGATION; SPACE; MORPHOLOGY AB We describe and apply a method for directly computing the power spectrum for the galaxy distribution in the extension of the Center for Astrophysics Redshift Survey. Tests show that our technique accurately reproduces the true power spectrum for k > 0.03 h Mpc-1. The dense sampling and large spatial coverage of this survey allow accurate measurement of the redshift-space power spectrum on scales from 5 to approximately 200 h-1 Mpc. The power spectrum has slope n almost-equal-to -2.1 on small scales (lambda less than or similar to 25 h-1 Mpc) and n approximately -1.1 on scales 30 < lambda < 120 h-1 Mpc. On larger scales the power spectrum flattens somewhat, but we do not detect a turnover. Comparison with N-body simulations of cosmological models shows that an unbiased, open universe CDM model (OMEGAh = 0.2) and a nonzero cosmological constant CDM model (OMEGAh = 0.24, lambda0 = 0.6, b = 1.3) match the CfA power spectrum over the wavelength range we explore. The standard biased CDM model (OMEGAh = 0.5, b = 1.5) fails (99% significance level) because it has insufficient power on scales lambda > 30 h-1 Mpc. Biased CDM with a normalization that matches the CMB anisotropy [OMEGAh = 0.5, b = 1.4, sigma8(mass) = 1] has too much power on small scales to match the observed galaxy power spectrum. This model with b = 1 matches both COBE and the small-scale power spectrum but has insufficient power on scales lambda approximately 100 h-1 Mpc. We derive a formula for the effect of small-scale peculiar velocities on the power spectrum and combine this formula with the linear-regime amplification described by Kaiser to compute an estimate of the real-space power spectrum. Two tests reveal luminosity bias in the galaxy distribution: First, the amplitude of the power spectrum is approximately 40% larger for the brightest 50% of galaxies in volume-limited samples that have M(lim) > M*. This bias in the power spectrum is independent of scale, consistent with the peaks-bias paradigm for galaxy formation. Second, the distribution of local density around galaxies shows that regions of moderate and high density contain both very bright (M < M* = - 19.2 + 5 log h) and fainter galaxies, but that voids preferentially harbor fainter galaxies (-2 a significance level). C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP SEOUL NATL UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, SEOUL 151, SOUTH KOREA. NR 72 TC 220 Z9 220 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP 569 EP 585 DI 10.1086/174508 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC148 UT WOS:A1994PC14800010 ER PT J AU DUBINSKI, J AF DUBINSKI, J TI THE EFFECT OF DISSIPATION ON THE SHAPES OF DARK HALOS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ELLIPTIC AND LENTICULAR, CD; GALAXIES, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; GALAXIES, STRUCTURE; HYDRODYNAMICS; METHODS, NUMERICAL ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; TRIAXIAL GALAXIES; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; BARYONIC INFALL; ROTATION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; MATTER; DISK AB The dissipative infall of gas during the formation of a galaxy modifies the density profile and shape of the dark halo. Gas dissipates energy radiatively and sinks to the center of the dark halo forming the luminous part of a galaxy. The resulting central density enhancement can alter the halo's orbital distribution. We simulate dissipative infall inside of an initially triaxial N-body dark halo by slowly growing a mass distribution modeled by a static potential in the center of the particle distribution. We use both a disk and spherical potential to model the effect of spiral and elliptical galaxies, respectively. The orbits of dark matter particles change in the presence of the central potential. Not only does the central density increase as predicted, but the dark halo transforms from a prolate-triaxial halo (T approximately 0.8) to an oblate-triaxial halo (T approximately 0.5) while approximately preserving the flattening (c/a approximately 0.5). The main implication is that dark halos are rounder and more oblate than previous predictions of purely collisionless simulations with the new constraint that b/a greater than or equal to 0.7. At the same time, the distribution of intrinsic flattenings of dark halos ([c/a] = 0.5, [(c/a)2]1/2 = 0.15) is preserved during the period of baryonic infall. The oval distortions of disk galaxies should therefore be smaller than original predictions from collisionless dark halos. -The predicted distribution of shapes for dark halos from cosmological N-body simulations is in better agreement with distribution of ellipticities of elliptical galaxies if we assume all halos and galaxies become oblate-triaxial in response to dissipation though dark halos are still too flat by about one ellipticity class on average. The observed distribution of kinematic misalignment angles is also consistent with this shape distribution if elliptical galaxies rotate about their intrinsic minor RP DUBINSKI, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 44 TC 201 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1086/174512 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC148 UT WOS:A1994PC14800014 ER PT J AU VANBUREN, D GREENHOUSE, MA AF VANBUREN, D GREENHOUSE, MA TI A MORE DIRECT MEASURE OF SUPERNOVA RATES IN STARBURST GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, STARBURST; GALAXIES, STELLAR CONTENT; SUPERNOVA REMNANTS ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; RADIO-EMISSION; STAR FORMATION; M82; POPULATION; DISCOVERY AB We determine ages for young supernova remnants in the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253 by applying Chevalier's model for radio emission from supernova blast waves expanding into the ejecta of their precursor stars. Absolute ages are determined by calibrating the model with radio observations of Cas A. We derive supernova rates of 0.10 and 0.08 yr-1 for M82 and NGC 253, respectively. Assuming L(FIR) to be proportional to the supernova rate, we find r(SN) almost-equal-to 2 x 10(-12) x LFIR, . yr-1 for these archetypal starburst galaxies. This approach is unique in that the supernova rate is derived from direct observation of supernova remnants rather than from star formation rates and an assumed initial mass function (IMF). We suggest that the approach presented here can be used to derive star-formation rates that are more directly related to observable quantities than those derived by other methods. We find that the supernova rate, FIR luminosity, and dynamical mass of the M82 starburst place few constraints on the IMF slope and mass limits. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM, ASTROPHYS LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP VANBUREN, D (reprint author), CALTECH, IPAC, MS 100-22, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1086/174515 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC148 UT WOS:A1994PC14800017 ER PT J AU DAVIES, MB BENZ, W PIRAN, T THIELEMANN, FK AF DAVIES, MB BENZ, W PIRAN, T THIELEMANN, FK TI MERGING NEUTRON-STARS .1. INITIAL RESULTS FOR COALESCENCE OF NONCOROTATING SYSTEMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BINARIES, CLOSE; HYDRODYNAMICS; STARS, EVOLUTION; STARS, NEUTRON ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; BINARY-SYSTEMS; (POST)5/2-NEWTONIAN ORDER; COMPACT OBJECTS; DENSE MATTER; BLACK-HOLE; R-PROCESS; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION AB We present three-dimensional Newtonian simulations of the coalescence of two neutron stars, using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code. We begin the simulations with the two stars in a hard, circular binary, and have them spiral together as angular momentum is lost through gravitational radiation at the rate predicted by modeling the system as two point masses. We model the neutron stars as hard polytropes (gamma = 2.4) of equal mass, and investigate the effect of the initial spin of the two stars on the coalescence. The process of coalescence, from initial contact to the formation of an axially symmetric object, takes only a few orbital periods. Some of the material from the two neutron stars is shed, forming a thick disk around the central, coalesced object. The mass of this disk is dependent on the initial neutron star spins; higher spin rates result in greater mass loss and thus more massive disks. For spin rates that are most likely to be applicable to real systems, the central coalesced object has a mass of 2.4 M., which is tantalizingly close to the maximum mass allowed by any neutron star equation of state for an object that is supported in part by rotation. Using a realistic nuclear equation of state, we estimate the temperature of the material after the coalescence. We find that the central object is at a temperature of - 10 MeV, while the disk is heated by shocks to a temperature of 2-4 MeV. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, STEWARD OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, RACAH INST PHYS, IL-91904 JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. RP CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. NR 59 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP 742 EP 753 DI 10.1086/174525 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC148 UT WOS:A1994PC14800027 ER PT J AU MATHUR, S AF MATHUR, S TI ABSORPTION IN 3C-212 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE QUASARS, ABSORPTION LINES; QUASARS, INDIVIDUAL (3C-212); X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID RAY AB 3C 212 (Q0855 + 143) is a red quasar with ambiguous evidence for strong low-energy X-ray absorption in its ROSAT spectrum (Elvis et al. 1994). We combine Einstein and ROSAT data with ultraviolet absorption-line strengths to investigate the physical state of the absorber. We find that a highly ionized absorber (U approximately 0.3) provides a consistent fit to both X-ray and UV data as well as providing a significantly improved fit to the X-ray spectrum. The absorber is outflowing with a velocity of approximately 1600 km s-1 with respect to the Mg II emission line, situated outside the broad emission-line region (BELR) and has low density. The alternative blackbody fit to the X-ray data is excluded if the source has not varied, and it is also unable to predict the UV absorption lines. This is the second case of an X-ray absorber identified with a UV absorber (the first one being 3C 351; Mathur et al. 1994) and suggests that UV/X-ray absorbers may be common. This is an exciting possibility as the combination of UV and X-ray constraints is very powerful in determining the physical conditions of an absorber. RP MATHUR, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP L75 EP L78 DI 10.1086/187476 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC149 UT WOS:A1994PC14900002 ER PT J AU MCCARTHY, MC VRTILEK, JM GOTTLIEB, EW TAO, FM GOTTLIEB, CA THADDEUS, P AF MCCARTHY, MC VRTILEK, JM GOTTLIEB, EW TAO, FM GOTTLIEB, CA THADDEUS, P TI A MILLIMETER-WAVE STUDY AND ASTRONOMICAL SEARCH FOR THE HCCCS RADICAL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, MOLECULES; LINE, IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR DATA; MOLECULAR PROCESSES; RADIO LINES, ISM ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; LABORATORY DETECTION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; PARAMETERS; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRUM AB The HCCCS radical in its 2PI electronic ground state has been studied in the millimeter-wave region. The standard Hamiltonian for an isolated 2PI state fits the laboratory measurements of more than 65 lines between 70 and 281 GHz to high accuracy and allows the astronomically most interesting lines in the radio spectrum to be predicted to an uncertainty of 0.2 km s-1 or better. The identification was confirmed by the detection of DCCCS with constants within 0.2% to those predicted from HCCCS. Ab initio calculations of HCCCS at the CAS SCF, MP2, MP4, and QCISD levels of theory have also been performed; at the highest level of theory, a bent and a linear isomer are predicted to be within 1.25 kcal mol-1 in energy. The HCCCS radical may be a good candidate for detection in molecular clouds as well as circumstellar shells, because members of the C(n)S series are abundant in TMC-1. A search for the 2PI1/2 J, F = 2.5, 3 --> 1.5, 2 transition in TMC-1 indicates that the HCCCS column density is less than, or equal to, that of CCCS. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP MCCARTHY, MC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP L127 EP L130 DI 10.1086/187489 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC149 UT WOS:A1994PC14900015 ER PT J AU SMITH, PL STARK, G YOSHINO, K ITO, K AF SMITH, PL STARK, G YOSHINO, K ITO, K TI HIGH-RESOLUTION OSCILLATOR STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS FOR THE A(V')-X(0) BANDS OF CARBON-MONOXIDE WITH 11-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-V'LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-14 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, MOLECULES; MOLECULAR DATA; ULTRAVIOLET, ISM ID PHOTOABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; VUV SPECTROSCOPIC FACILITY; ELECTRONIC-TRANSITIONS; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; CO; NANOMETERS; MOLECULES; MOMENTS; SYSTEM AB Band oscillator strengths (f-values) for four bands of the Fourth Positive system (A1PI-X1SIGMA+) of CO have been determined from high-resolution (lambda/DELTAlambda almost-equal-to 150,000) absorption spectra. The bands, (14, 0) through (11, 0), are at wavelengths between 121 and 127 nm. Our f-values for the (I 1, 0) and (I 2, 0) bands support those of Chan, Cooper, & Brion (1993), which have been shown to be consistent with observations of CO in the clouds in the line of sight, to zeta Oph. Our f-values for the (13, 0) and (14, 0) bands are the first directly measured values for these bands. C1 WELLESLEY COLL,DEPT PHYS,WELLESLEY,MA 02181. NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,PHOTON FACTORY,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP SMITH, PL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP L143 EP L145 DI 10.1086/187493 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC149 UT WOS:A1994PC14900019 ER PT J AU WILKING, BA CLAUSSEN, MJ BENSON, PJ MYERS, PC TEREBEY, S WOOTTEN, A AF WILKING, BA CLAUSSEN, MJ BENSON, PJ MYERS, PC TEREBEY, S WOOTTEN, A TI WATER MASERS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW-MASS STARS - A 13 MONTH MONITORING SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER; MASERS; STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID H2O MASERS; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; FORMING REGIONS AB We report the results of a 13 month survey of embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) for H2O masers using the Haystack 37 m telescope. YSOs were selected to be in an early phase of evolution based on IRAS colors and association with molecular outflows or dense cores. The sample was restricted to YSOs in nearby clouds (d < 450 pc) with luminosities < 120 L.. Six new sources of water maser emission have been found, raising the total number of maser sources in this luminosity range to 20. Three sources (L1448C, L1534B, and VLA 1623) have luminosities less than 3 L.. Of the YSOs monitored on a regular basis, we estimate that maser activity occupies at least one-third of the duration of the embedded state. All sources with L > 25 L. displayed some maser activity. Although the maser strength of a given source can vary by two orders of magnitude, there is a general correlation between maser strength and YSO luminosity. For YSOs with L < 25 L., no single property, such as the CO mass-loss rate or luminosity at lambda = 6 cm, successfully predicts maser activity. We propose that other factors, such as the inclination of the outflow axis, may be important in enhancing the detectability of the masers in lower luminosity sources. C1 AOC,NRAO,SOCORRO,NM 87801. WELLESLEY COLL,WHITIN OBSERV,WELLESLEY,MA 02181. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. IPAC,JPL,PASADENA,CA 91125. CALTECH,IPAC,PASADENA,CA 91125. NRAO,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP WILKING, BA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,8001 NAT BRIDGE RD,ST LOUIS,MO 63121, USA. NR 29 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 2 BP L119 EP L122 DI 10.1086/187487 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC149 UT WOS:A1994PC14900013 ER PT J AU BRYAN, JA CARROLL, SM PYNE, T AF BRYAN, JA CARROLL, SM PYNE, T TI TEXTURE BESTIARY - FROM SYMMETRY-BREAKING PATTERNS TO TOPOLOGICAL FIELD CONFIGURATIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL TEXTURE; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN AB Textures are topologically nontrivial field configurations which can exist in a field theory in which a global symmetry group G is broken to a subgroup H, if the third homotopy group pi3 of G/H is nontrivial. We compute this group for a variety of choices of G and H, revealing what symmetry-breaking patterns can lead to texture. We also comment on the construction of texture configurations in the different models. C1 MIT,CTR THEORET PHYS,NUCL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP BRYAN, JA (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT MATH,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 2806 EP 2818 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.2806 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA PC891 UT WOS:A1994PC89100050 ER PT J AU BARRIOLA, M VACHASPATI, T BUCHER, M AF BARRIOLA, M VACHASPATI, T BUCHER, M TI EMBEDDED DEFECTS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WEINBERG-SALAM THEORY; ELECTROWEAK STRINGS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; COSMIC STRINGS AB We give a prescription for embedding classical solutions and, in particular, topological defects in field theories which are invariant under symmetry groups that are not necessarily simple. After providing examples of embedded defects in field theories based on simple groups, we consider the electroweak model and show that it contains the Z string and a one-parameter family of strings called the W(alpha) string. It is argued that although the members of this family are gauge equivalent when considered in isolation, each member becomes physically distinct when multistring configurations are considered. We then turn to the issue of stability of embedded defects and demonstrate the instability of a large class of such solutions in the absence of bound states or condensates. The Z string is shown to be unstable for all values of the Higgs boson mass when theta(W) = pi/4. W strings are also shown to be unstable for a large range of parameters. Embedded monopoles suffer from the Brandt-Neri-Coleman instability. Finally, we connect the electroweak string solutions to the sphaleron. C1 TUFTS UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, TUFTS INST COSMOL, MEDFORD, MA 02155 USA. INST ADV STUDY, SCH NAT SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 30 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 2819 EP 2825 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.2819 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA PC891 UT WOS:A1994PC89100051 ER PT J AU VANCURA, O RAYMOND, JC DWEK, E BLAIR, WP LONG, KDS FOSTER, S AF VANCURA, O RAYMOND, JC DWEK, E BLAIR, WP LONG, KDS FOSTER, S TI A STUDY OF X-RAY AND INFRARED EMISSIONS FROM DUSTY NONRADIATIVE SHOCK-WAVES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DUST, EXTINCTION; ISM, ABUNDANCES; ISM, INDIVIDUAL (CYGNUS LOOP); SHOCK WAVES; SUPERNOVA REMNANTS ID CYGNUS LOOP; TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; HOT GAS; DESTRUCTION; SPECTRUM AB We have constructed models that predict the dynamic evolution and infrared (IR) emission of grains behind nonradiative shock waves. We present a self-consistent treatment of the effect of grain destruction and heating on the ionization structure and X-ray emission of the postshock gas. Incorporating thermal sputtering, collisional heating, and deceleration of grains in the postshock flow, we predict the IR and X-ray fluxes from the dusty plasma as a function of swept-up column density. Heavy elements such as C, O, Mg, S, Si, and Fe are initially depleted from the ps phase but are gradually returned as the grains are destroyed. The injected neutral atoms require some time to ''catch up'' with the ionization state of the ambient ps. The nonequilibrium ionization state and gradient in elemental abundances in the postshock flow produces characteristic X-ray signatures that can be related to the age of the shock and amount of grain destruction. We study the effects of preshock density and shock velocity on the X-ray and IR emission from the shock. We show that the effects of grain destruction on the X-ray spectra of shock waves are substantial. In particular, temperatures derived from X-ray spectra of middle-aged remnants are likely to be overestimated by approximately 15% if cosmic abundances are assumed. Due to the long timescale for grain destruction in X-ray gases over a wide range of temperatures, we suggest that future X-ray spectral studies of supernova remnants be based on depleted abundances instead of cosmic abundances. Our model predictions agree reasonably well with IRAS and Einstein IPC observations of the Cygnus Loop. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CTR ASTROPHYS SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP VANCURA, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 1 BP 188 EP 200 DI 10.1086/174477 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ977 UT WOS:A1994NZ97700016 ER PT J AU NARAYAN, R LOEB, A KUMAR, P AF NARAYAN, R LOEB, A KUMAR, P TI CAUSALITY IN STRONG SHEAR FLOWS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; DIFFUSION; HYDRODYNAMICS ID DISK BOUNDARY-LAYERS; DIFFUSION; VISCOSITY AB It is well known that the standard transport equations violate causality when gradients are large or when temporal variations are rapid. We derive a modified set of transport equations that satisfy causality.'These equations are obtained from the underlying Boltzmann equation. We use a simple model for particle collisions that enables us to derive moment equations nonperturbatively, that is, without making the usual assumption that the distribution function deviates only slightly from its equilibrium value. We also retain time derivatives of various moments and choose closure relations so that the final set of equations is causal. We apply the model to two problems: particle diffusion and viscous transport. In both cases we show that signals propagate at a finite speed and therefore that the formalism obeys causality. When spatial gradients or temporal variations are small, our theory for particle diffusion.and viscous flows reduces to the usual diffusion and Navier-Stokes equations, respectively. However, in the opposite limit of strong gradients the theory produces causal results with finite transport fluxes, whereas the standard theory gives results that are physically unacceptable. We find that when the velocity gradient is large on the scale of a mean free path, the viscous shear stress is suppressed relative to the prediction of the standard diffusion approximation. The shear stress reaches a maximum at a finite value of the shear amplitude and then decreases as the velocity gradient increases. The decrease of the stress in the limit of large shear is qualitatively different from the case of scalar particle diffusion where the diffusive flux asymptotes to a constant value in the limit of large density gradient. In the case of a steady Keplerian accretion disk with hydrodynamic turbulent viscosity, the stress limit translates to an upper bound on the Shakura-Sunyaev alpha-parameter, namely alpha < 0.07. The limit on alpha is much stronger in narrow boundary layers where the velocity shear is larger than in a Keplerian disk. C1 MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP NARAYAN, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 1 BP 359 EP 379 DI 10.1086/174490 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ977 UT WOS:A1994NZ97700029 ER PT J AU KASHYAP, V ROSNER, R HARNDEN, FR MAGGIO, A MICELA, G SCIORTINO, S AF KASHYAP, V ROSNER, R HARNDEN, FR MAGGIO, A MICELA, G SCIORTINO, S TI X-RAY-EMISSION ON HYBRID STARS - ROSAT OBSERVATIONS OF ALPHA-TRIANGULI AUSTRALIS AND I-AURIGAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, CORONAE; STARS, FLARE; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (ALPHA-TRIANGULI AUSTRALIS, I-AURIGAE) ID LATE-TYPE GIANT; ALL-SKY SURVEY; OUTER ATMOSPHERES; DIVIDING LINE; THERMAL-STABILITY; SUPERGIANT STARS; STELLAR FLARES; MASS-LOSS; SOLAR; WINDS AB We report on deep ROSAT observations of two Hybrid atmosphere stars, alpha TrA and iota Aur, and our analysis of these observations. We detect high-energy transient phenomena on alpha TrA and consider the implications of this discovery to the atmospheres of Hybrid stars. We detect iota Aur in the high-energy passband of ROSAT, implying the existence of multimillion degree plasma on the star. Our major results include the following: discovery of two large flare events, detected during pointed observations of alpha TrA; the demonstration that the flare emission most likely comes from the giant itself, rather than from a previously unseen low-mass companion star; the demonstration that the plasma characteristics associated with the flares and with the ''quiescent'' component are essentially indistinguishable; and that the geometric dimensions of the emitting plasma are considerably smaller than the critical dimension characterizing stable ''hot'' coronal loop structures. Our results suggest that alpha TrA does not have any steady X-ray emission, consistent with theoretical expectations, and support the argument that Hybrid stars constitute a transitional type of object in which large-scale magnetic dynamo activity ceases, and the dominant spatial scales characterizing coronal structure rapidly decline as such stars evolve across the X-ray ''Dividing Line'' in the H-R diagram. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. OSSERV ASTRON PALERMO,I-90134 PALERMO,ITALY. RP KASHYAP, V (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,5640 S ELLIS AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. RI Maggio, Antonio/P-5700-2015 OI Maggio, Antonio/0000-0001-5154-6108 NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 1 BP 402 EP 415 DI 10.1086/174494 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ977 UT WOS:A1994NZ97700033 ER PT J AU KAROVSKA, M HABBAL, SF AF KAROVSKA, M HABBAL, SF TI DYNAMICAL STRUCTURE OF EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET MACROSPICULES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUN, CORONA; SUN, UV RADIATION ID CORONAL HOLES; SOLAR LIMB; ALPHA AB We describe the substructures forming the macrospicules and their temporal evolution, as revealed by the application of an image enhancement algorithm to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations of macrospicules. The enhanced images uncover, for the first time, the substructures forming the column-like structures within the macrospicules and the low-lying arches at their base. The spatial and temporal evolution of macrospicules clearly show continuous interaction between these substructures with occasional ejection of plasma following a ballistic trajectory. We comment on the importance of these results for planning near future space observations of macrospicules with better temporal and spatial resolution. RP KAROVSKA, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 1 BP L59 EP & DI 10.1086/187472 PN 2 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ979 UT WOS:A1994NZ97900015 ER PT J AU RANSOM, SM FAZIO, GG EIKENBERRY, SS MIDDLEDITCH, J KRISTIAN, J HAYS, K PENNYPACKER, CR AF RANSOM, SM FAZIO, GG EIKENBERRY, SS MIDDLEDITCH, J KRISTIAN, J HAYS, K PENNYPACKER, CR TI HIGH TIME RESOLUTION INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF THE CRAB-NEBULA PULSAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INSTRUMENTATION, DETECTORS; PULSARS, INDIVIDUAL (PSR 0531+21); STARS, NEUTRON ID RAPIDLY SPINNING PULSARS; ENERGETIC RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET; VELA AB The Crab Nebula pulsar (PSR 0531+21) was observed in the infrared in J (1.2 mum), H (1.6 mum), K (2.2 mum), and a 0.9-2.5 mum band on the Las Campanas 2.5 m and Mount Hopkins 1.2 m telescopes. A new detector was used, called the Solid State Photomultiplier (SSPM), which allowed measurements of unprecedented time resolution (approximately 20-50 mus) in these bands. The infrared pulse profiles are shown to be qualitatively similar to those at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths, but the main pulse widths and the pulse/interpulse separations increase from the ultraviolet to the infrared. These observations are consistent with the predictions of the outer magnetospheric gap models of high-energy pulsar emission. No evidence was found of the infrared ''shoulder'' of the main pulse or the excess infrared flux after the interpulse previously reported. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91101. ROCKWELL INT CORP,CTR SCI,ANAHEIM,CA 92803. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP RANSOM, SM (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 431 IS 1 BP L43 EP L46 DI 10.1086/187468 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ979 UT WOS:A1994NZ97900011 ER PT J AU BECK, BB AF BECK, BB TI THE USE OF TOOLS BY HUMAN AND NONHUMAN-PRIMATES - BERTHELET,A, CHAVAILLON,J SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP BECK, BB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 574 EP 576 DI 10.1002/ajpa.1330940412 PG 3 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA NZ041 UT WOS:A1994NZ04100011 ER PT J AU MARCAIDE, JM ELOSEGUI, P SHAPIRO, II AF MARCAIDE, JM ELOSEGUI, P SHAPIRO, II TI ON THE RELATIVE PROPER MOTION OF QUASARS-1038+528-A,B SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BASELINE RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; ASTROMETRY; JETS AB We observed the pair of quasars 1038+528 A (z = 0.678) and 1038+528 B (z = 2.296), separated on the sky by 33'', using ve long baseline interferometry in 1981 and 1983, simultaneously at lambda = 3.6 and 13 cm. From hybrid maps of the compact structures of the two quasars made from these observations, we were able to identify reference points in each. By comparing the relative positions of the points in the two quasars, we obtained an estimate of their relative proPer motion at lambda = 3.6 cm: 31 +/- 22 microarcsec/yr. This value, being only about 1.5 standard deviations, cannot be considered a detection of proper motion. We propose a smooth jet model consistent with this result. The proper-motion prediction from this model differs from that of ''bona fide'' proper motion and could likely be distinguished from it with measurements spanning a decade or more, were the maximum instantaneous proper motion to be of the order of 30 microarcsec/yr. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP MARCAIDE, JM (reprint author), UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT ASTRON,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 108 IS 2 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1086/117075 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ059 UT WOS:A1994NZ05900002 ER PT J AU BECHTOLD, J ELVIS, M FIORE, F KUHN, O CUTRI, RM MCDOWELL, JC RIEKE, M SIEMIGINOWSKA, A WILKES, BJ AF BECHTOLD, J ELVIS, M FIORE, F KUHN, O CUTRI, RM MCDOWELL, JC RIEKE, M SIEMIGINOWSKA, A WILKES, BJ TI INFRARED TO X-RAY SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS OF HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; OPTICALLY SELECTED QUASARS; MEDIUM SENSITIVITY SURVEY; LUMINOUS QUASAR; ACCRETION DISK; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; STELLAR OBJECTS; LYMAN-LIMIT; BLACK-HOLE AB We have observed 14 quasars with z>2.8 with the ROSAT-PSPC, and detected 12 of them, including the z=4.11 quasar 0000-263. We present the first x-ray spectrum of a radio quiet quasar with z>3, 1946+768. Its x-ray spectrum is consistent with a power law with spectral index alpha(E) = 1.8(+2.1/-1.4) and no evidence for absorption in excess of the galactic column [alpha(E) = 1.00(+0.28/-0.32) assuming N(H) = N(H)(Gal)]. A PSPC hardness ratio is used to constrain the x-ray spectral properties of the quasars for which there were less than 100 photons detected. For the radio quiet quasars, [alpha(E)] almost-equal-to 1.2, if one assumes that there is no absorption in excess of the galactic column. We combine the x-ray data with new ground based optical and near-IR obtained at the Steward 2.3 m and Multiple Mirror Telescope, and data from the literature. The energy distributions are compared to those of low redshift objects. For the radio quiet quasars with z>2.5, the mean (alpha(ox)] approximately 1.8. This is larger than the mean for quasars, with z<2.5, but consistent with the expected value for quasars with the high optical luminosities of the objects in this sample. For the radio-loud quasars, [alpha(ox)] approximately 1.4, independent of redshift. This is smaller than the expected value for the optically luminous, high redshift objects in this sample, if they are mostly GHz peaked radio sources and hence comparable to steep-spectrum, compact radio sources at lower redshift. Finally, we compare the spectral energy distributions of two representative objects to the predicted spectrum of a thin accretion disk in the Kerr geometry, and discuss the uncertainties in deriving black hole masses and mass accretion rates. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP UNIV ARIZONA, STEWARD OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ 85724 USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 130 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 108 IS 2 BP 374 EP 394 DI 10.1086/117076 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ059 UT WOS:A1994NZ05900003 ER PT J AU MARZKE, RO GELLER, MJ HUCHRA, JP CORWIN, HG AF MARZKE, RO GELLER, MJ HUCHRA, JP CORWIN, HG TI THE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FOR DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES IN THE CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BRIGHT NEARBY GALAXIES; FIELD GALAXIES; VELOCITY-FIELD; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; DWARF GALAXIES; FAINT GALAXIES; NUMBER COUNTS; VIRGO CLUSTER; DARK MATTER; DENSITY AB We derive the luminosity function for different morphological types in the original CfA Redshift Survey (CfA1) and in the first two slices of the CfA Redshift Survey Extension (CfA2). CfA1 is a complete sample containing 2397 galaxies distributed over 2.7 steradians with m(Z) less-than-or-equal-to 14.5. The first two complete slices of CfA2 contain 1862 galaxies distributed over 0.42 steradians with m(Z) = 15.5. The shapes of the E-SO and spiral luminosity functions (LF) are indistinguishable. We do not confirm the steeply decreasing faint end in the E-SO luminosity function found by Loveday et al. [ApJ, 390, 338 (1992)] for an independent sample in the southern hemisphere. We demonstrate that incomplete classification in deep redshift surveys can lead to underestimates of the faint end of the elliptical luminosity function and could be partially responsible for the difference between the CfA survey and other local field surveys. The faint end of the LF for the Magellanic spirals and irregulars is very steep. The Sm-Im luminosity function is well fit by a Schechter function with M* = -18.79, alpha = -1.87, and phi* = 0.6 x 10(-3) for M(Z) less-than-or-equal-to -13. These galaxies are largely responsible for the excess at the faint end of the general CfA luminosity function [Marzke et al. ApJ (in press) (1994)]. The abundance of intrinsically faint, blue galaxies nearby affects the interpretation of deep number counts. The dwarf population increases the expected counts at B=25 in a no-evolution, q0 = 0.05 model by a factor of two over standard no-evolution estimates. These dwarfs change the expected median redshift in deep redshift surveys by less than 10%. Thus the steep Sm-Im LF may contribute to the reconciliation of deep number counts with deep redshift surveys. C1 CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP MARZKE, RO (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 66 TC 223 Z9 223 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 108 IS 2 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1086/117081 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ059 UT WOS:A1994NZ05900008 ER PT J AU ABADASIMON, M LECACHEUX, A LOUARN, P DULK, GA BELKORA, L BOOKBINDER, JA ROSOLEN, C AF ABADASIMON, M LECACHEUX, A LOUARN, P DULK, GA BELKORA, L BOOKBINDER, JA ROSOLEN, C TI HIGH-SENSITIVITY DYNAMIC SPECTRAL SEARCH FOR FLARE STAR RADIO-BURSTS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RADIATION MECHANISMS, NONTHERMAL; STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, FLARE; STARS, LATE-TYPE; STARS, VARIABLES, OTHER; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS ID AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-FLARE; EMISSION; SPIKES; PEGASI; GHZ AB We observed ten well-known flare stars with the Arecibo radio telescope at 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz, using a special observing technique to discriminate between real flares and radio frequency interference. With a high sensitivity of 5.5 K/Jy at 1.4 GHz when averaged over a 50 MHz band, we are able to recognize flux enhancements as weak as approximately 6 mJy above the sky background variations. In about 85 hours of observation, about a dozen bursts were detected, only from AD Leo. All had flux densities lower than 70 mJy, which probably explains their lack of fine structures (except for the strongest one), such as were reported in the literature for stronger flares. Half of the bursts that we recorded are 100% circularly polarized, and half are not circularly polarized. Our results are a first attempt of reliable statistics on dMe flare rates at 1.4 GHz. The high brightness temperatures we infer for the observed bursts are interpreted in terms of coherent emission processes, either the cyclotron maser instability or plasma radiation. Efficiencies are comparable to those of solar or planetary radio emissions in the case of the cyclotron maser, and higher than the solar efficiency in the case of plasma radiation, with the caveat that there are great uncertainties in the coronal model and the source size. C1 CRPE, F-78140 VELIZY VILLACOUBLAY, FRANCE. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP ABADASIMON, M (reprint author), OBSERV PARIS, ARPEGES, CNRS, URA 1757, F-92190 MEUDON, FRANCE. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 288 IS 1 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PA472 UT WOS:A1994PA47200026 ER PT J AU PRATAP, P MENTEN, KM SNYDER, LE AF PRATAP, P MENTEN, KM SNYDER, LE TI DETECTION OF FORMALDEHYDE MASER EMISSION NEAR THE ULTRACOMPACT H-II REGION G29.96-0.02 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H-II REGIONS; ISM, MOLECULES; MASERS; RADIO LINES, ISM; STARS, FORMATION ID H2CO MASER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; NGC-7538; LINE; GHZ AB Using the VLA we have discovered the third Galactic source showing maser emission in the 6 cm transition of H2CO toward the molecular environment of the cometary ultracompact H II region G29.96-0.02. The maser appears projected against a dense, hot core traced by high-excitation ammonia emission that also has associated water masers. The luminosity of the new maser is comparable to the values found for the H2CO masers in the Sgr B2 region. High-sensitivity observations toward seven other star-forming regions did not reveal any additional maser, confirming that H2CO maser emission is indeed a rare phenomenon. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ASTRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP PRATAP, P (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,FCRAO,619 LGRT,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 430 IS 2 BP L129 EP L132 DI 10.1086/187455 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NZ045 UT WOS:A1994NZ04500012 ER PT J AU BOINSKI, S MORAES, E KLEIMAN, DG DIETZ, JM BAKER, AJ AF BOINSKI, S MORAES, E KLEIMAN, DG DIETZ, JM BAKER, AJ TI INTRAGROUP VOCAL BEHAVIOR IN WILD GOLDEN LION TAMARINS, LEONTOPITHECUS-ROSALIA - HONEST COMMUNICATION OF INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID FOOD-ELICITED VOCALIZATIONS; FEMALE SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; DESIGN-FEATURES; CALLS; FIELD; COORDINATION; REPERTOIRE; HANDICAP; CONTEXT; CUES AB We report the first field study of the intra-group vocal behaviour of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). We present the contexts in which the five predominant intra-group vocalizations (cluck, whine, wah-wah, tsick, and trill) were emitted, including the behavioural responses elicited from other group members, for 25 adult and subadult golden lion tamarins in five wild groups. No age (subadult versus adult), sex, age of nearest neighbour, and few group differences in call usage were identified. Each intra-group vocalization was associated with a specific ecological context; few vocalizations were produced during dyadic social interactions. Clucks predominated during foraging. Clucks were also relatively more common when the group was travelling, but the focal tamarin was stationary (not locomoting). Whines were more likely when the animal was in a travelling group, stationary, not foraging or locomoting, and when the nearest neighbour was further away than five m. Trills were almost exclusively emitted when a tamarin was leaping, and were a strong predictor of foraging upon landing. No change in the mean distance to the nearest neighbour was detected subsequent to the production of a cluck, whine or trill, although juveniles immediately approached to obtain food items when tsick calls were uttered. Wah-wahs were more likely when the caller was on the group periphery and may function in the initiation and leading of group movement; a stationary group usually moved in the trajectory predicted by the wah-wahing tamarin's location relative to the group center. These findings suggest that the intra-group vocalizations of this small arboreal primate provide honest information regarding numerous aspects of the caller's immediate location, activity and intent. Directly and indirectly these vocalizations may function to facilitate group cohesion and the coordination of group movement by enhancing cooperation among group members. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DIV COMPARAT MED,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NIH,CTR ANIM,COMPARAT ETHOL LAB,POOLESVILLE,MD 20837. BIOL RESERVE POCO ANTAS,SILVA JARDIM,RJ,BRAZIL. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. PHILADELPHIA ZOOL GARDENS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP BOINSKI, S (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,1350 TURLINGTON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 28 PU E J BRILL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PD AUG PY 1994 VL 130 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1163/156853994X00145 PN 1-2 PG 23 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA PR385 UT WOS:A1994PR38500005 ER PT J AU BATEMAN, RM DIMICHELE, WA AF BATEMAN, RM DIMICHELE, WA TI HETEROSPORY - THE MOST ITERATIVE KEY INNOVATION IN THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE PLANT KINGDOM SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Alternation of Generations in Plants CY NOV, 1992 CL NAT HIST MUSEUM, LONDON, ENGLAND SP NAT HIST MUSIUM, LINNEAN SOC LONDON HO NAT HIST MUSEUM ID INSITU DEVONIAN SPORES; SEED PLANTS; SP-NOV; GEN-NOV; BARINOPHYTON-CITRULLIFORME; ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY; ARBORESCENT LYCOPSIDS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HOMOSPOROUS FERNS C1 UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PLANT SCI,OXFORD OX1 3PR,ENGLAND. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT EARTH SCI,OXFORD OX1 3PR,ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012 NR 336 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 41 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0006-3231 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philosophic. Soc. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 69 IS 3 BP 345 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1994.tb01276.x PG 73 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA PJ520 UT WOS:A1994PJ52000007 ER PT J AU BROWN, MJ PARKER, GG AF BROWN, MJ PARKER, GG TI CANOPY LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE IN A CHRONOSEQUENCE OF MIXED-SPECIES DECIDUOUS FORESTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; FOLIAGE-HEIGHT PROFILES; OAK-HICKORY FOREST; SUCCESSION; INTERCEPTION; RADIATION; PENETRATION; DYNAMICS AB We measured the photosynthetically active radiation transmitted through the canopies of 24 Maryland forest stands, each around midday in midsummer. We then compared the observed values of PAR transmittance with stand age and measures of canopy structure. Generally, transmittance was low, with positively skewed frequency distributions. The geometric mean transmittance followed a distinct pattern with stand age. It was lowest (about 1%) in the youngest stands, increased to about 2.5% as forests approached ages of about 50 years, and then declined with age in the oldest sites (65-340 years). Transmittance was not significantly correlated with many simple measures of forest structure, including estimated aboveground biomass and leaf area index. Better predictions of transmittance used information on the vertical arrangement of the canopy, such as leaf area density. The results are contrary to the common assumptions that forests get consistently darker through time, and that transmittance is inversely proportional to the sheer mass or leaf area of the canopy. The Beer-Lambert extinction coefficient, k, changed with stand age and structure and was especially high in very young stands. We suggest that the variation in light transmittance, and k, can be explained by successional changes in the three-dimensional structure of the canopy. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 55 TC 115 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 31 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1694 EP 1703 DI 10.1139/x94-219 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA527 UT WOS:A1994QA52700021 ER PT J AU SEUTIN, G KLEIN, NK RICKLEFS, RE BERMINGHAM, E AF SEUTIN, G KLEIN, NK RICKLEFS, RE BERMINGHAM, E TI HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BANANAQUIT (COEREBA-FLAVEOLA) IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION - A MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ASSESSMENT SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE BIRD; CARIBBEAN REGION; COEREBA FLAVEOLA; GENETIC DIVERGENCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MTDNA; RFLP; WEST INDIES ID NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; VICARIANCE BIOGEOGRAPHY; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; RESTRICTION DATA; WEST-INDIES; EVOLUTION; VERTEBRATES; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; ZOOGEOGRAPHY AB We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-site variation in bananaquit (Coereba flaveola; Aves, Coerebinae) populations sampled on 12 Caribbean islands and at 5 continental localities in Central America and northern South America. Multiple fixed restriction-site differences genetically defined several regional bananaquit populations. An mtDNA clade representing all Jamaican bananaquits was the most divergent; the estimated average sequence divergence (d(xy)) between Jamaican and all other mtDNA haplotypes surveyed was 0.027. Three groups of populations, representing Central America, northern South America, and the eastern Antilles (Puerto Rico to Grenada) were nearly equally differentiated among themselves (average d(xy) = 0.014), and may represent a single, recent range expansion. Within the eastern Antilles, three geographically restricted haplotype groups were identified: Puerto Rico, north-central Lesser Antilles (U.S. Virgin Islands to St. Lucia), and Grenada-St. Vincent. The evolutionary relationships of these groups were not clear. Genetic homogeneity of the island populations from the U.S. Virgin Islands to St. Lucia suggested a recent spread of a specific north-central Lesser Antillean haplotype through most of those islands. Haplotype variation across this region indicated that this spread may have occurred in two waves, first through the southernmost islands of St. Lucia, Martinique, and Dominica, and more recently from Guadeloupe to the north. The geographic distribution of mtDNA haplotypes, and of bananaquit populations, suggests periods of invasiveness followed by relative geographic quiescence. Although most genetic studies of bird populations have revealed homogeneity over large geographic areas, our findings provide a remarkable counterexample of strong geographic structuring of mtDNA variation over relatively small distances. Furthermore, although the mtDNA data were consistent with several subspecific distinctions, it was clear that named subspecies do not define equally differentiated evolutionary entities. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV MICHIGAN,MUSEUM ZOOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 63 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 1994 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1061 DI 10.2307/2410365 PG 21 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA QE323 UT WOS:A1994QE32300009 ER PT J AU ZEH, DW ZEH, JA AF ZEH, DW ZEH, JA TI WHEN MORPHOLOGY MISLEADS - INTERPOPULATION UNIFORMITY IN SEXUAL SELECTION MASKS GENETIC-DIVERGENCE IN HARLEQUIN BEETLE-RIDING PSEUDOSCORPION POPULATIONS SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE CORDYLOCHERNES SCORPIOIDES; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; POPULATION DIVERGENCE; POSTZYGOTIC ISOLATION; PREZYGOTIC ISOLATION; PSEUDOSCORPION; SEXUAL SELECTION; SPECIATION; SPERMATOPHORE ID CORDYLOCHERNES-SCORPIOIDES PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA; NATURAL-SELECTION; SPECIATION; DROSOPHILA; DIMORPHISM; CHERNETIDAE AB Differences in secondary sexual characteristics of males often provide the most conspicuous means of distinguishing between closely related species. Does this therefore imply that the absence of differentiation in exaggerated male traits between allopatric populations provides evidence of a single, genetically cohesive species? We addressed this question with a comprehensive investigation of two populations (French Guiana and Panama) of the harlequin beetle-riding pseudoscorpion, Cordylochernes scorpioides. This highly sexually dimorphic pseudoscorpion is currently described as a single species, ranging throughout the Neotropics. Our morphometric analyses detected minimal differentiation between the two populations in all nine external morphological characters measured, including sexually dimorphic traits in males. Only in traits of the spermatophore was there any appreciable level of differentiation. Behavior differentiation and prezygotic reproductive isolation were also limited: 78.3% of males successfully transferred sperm to ''foreign'' females, and in 63.9% of these cases, females' eggs were successfully fertilized. By contrast, extensive divergence existed in two of nine electrophoretic loci, including an essentially fixed-allele difference at the Ldh locus. Most significantly, postzygotic reproductive isolation was complete, with heteropopulation zygotes invariably aborting early in development. These results strongly suggest that the two populations are, in fact, sibling species, a conclusion supported by our recently published findings on their marked divergence in minisatellite DNA. How can such interpopulation homogeneity in male sexually dimorphic traits exist in the face of strong genetic divergence? We propose that sexual selection, oscillating between favoring small and then large males, maintains such high levels of male variability within each population that it has obscured a speciation event in which genetic divergence and postzygotic incompatibility have clearly outpaced the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 1994 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1168 EP 1182 DI 10.2307/2410376 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA QE323 UT WOS:A1994QE32300020 ER PT J AU SHARMA, R ZYGELMAN, B VONESSE, F DALGARNO, A AF SHARMA, R ZYGELMAN, B VONESSE, F DALGARNO, A TI ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POPULATION OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE LEVELS OF THE GROUND ELECTRONIC-STATE OF ATOMIC OXYGEN AND THE TRANSLATIONAL TEMPERATURE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2P4 CONFIGURATION; LIMB EMISSION; THERMOSPHERE; FEASIBILITY; RETRIEVAL; MODEL AB Using a recent calculation of the cross sections for fine structure changing collisions during an encounter between two oxygen atoms in the ground electronic state, we determine the population of the fine structure levels of oxygen as & function of altitude for four model atmospheres representing conditions at 0-degrees longitude, 45-degrees latitude, at midday and midnight, and high and low solar and geomagnetic activity. We include the effect of electron impacts. The fine structure levels are shown to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) at die local neutral atom translational temperature for altitudes up to 350 km and 400 km for midnight and midday, respectively, at low activity, and up to at least 600 km at high activity. At higher altitudes spontaneous emission causes deviation from LTE and overpopulates the lowest (J=2) level at die expense of the other two levels. C1 YAP ANALYT INC,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 16 BP 1731 EP 1734 DI 10.1029/94GL01078 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PA722 UT WOS:A1994PA72200017 ER PT J AU LELLOUCH, E GOLDSTEIN, JJ ROSENQVIST, J BOUGHER, SW PAUBERT, G AF LELLOUCH, E GOLDSTEIN, JJ ROSENQVIST, J BOUGHER, SW PAUBERT, G TI GLOBAL CIRCULATION, THERMAL STRUCTURE, AND CARBON-MONOXIDE DISTRIBUTION IN VENUS MESOSPHERE IN 1991 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID LOWER THERMOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; WIND VELOCITIES; CO VARIATIONS; LINE; TEMPERATURE; (CO)-C-12; DYNAMICS; MARS; SPECTRA AB Millimeter-wave observations of CO lines have provided a detailed picture of Venus' mesosphere dynamics in 1991 from simultaneous measurements of absolute wind velocities in two layers and of temperature and CO horizontal and vertical profiles at 75-115 km. Venus' circulation at 90-110 km was characterized in 1991 by the superposition of a zonal retrograde flow and a subsolar-to-antisolar flow of approximately equal velocities, increasing from about 40 +/- 15 m/sec at 95 km to 90 +/- 15 m/sec at 105 km altitude. The magnitude of the increase of the SS-AS flow is consistent with Venus thermosphere general circulation models (VTGCM). At 105 km, the data further indicate a cos(latitude) dependence of the zonal flow and marginally suggest the presence of a poleward meridional component of 35 +/- 30 m/sec. No obvious day-to-day variations of the circulation are evident in the data at the 20 m/sec level. Thermal profiles in the low-latitude region appear to be consistent with the Pioneer Venus nightside profile, except above 110 km, where they are somewhat colder. High-latitude warming is still found, but mid-latitudes appear to be colder than the equator. The atmosphere appears to be in cyclostrophic balance up to about 105 km. The horizontal distribution of CO on Venus' nightside is essentially uniform, both in latitude and in local time. This behavior agrees with VTGCM simulations in which the zonal flow velocity is prescribed to match the observations. Comparison with previous wind measurements indicates that the zonal flow experiences dramatic long-term variations. This variability, along with short-term fluctuations of the mesospheric zonal flow (evidenced by the variability in the O2 nightglow emissions), apparently controls the CO and O2 nightglow distributions. Gravity wave activity is a plausible mechanism that can drive these variations. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,ASTROPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. INST RADIOASTRON MIILLIMETR,GRANADA,SPAIN. RP LELLOUCH, E (reprint author), OBSERV PARIS,DESPA,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE. RI Bougher, Stephen/C-1913-2013 OI Bougher, Stephen/0000-0002-4178-2729 NR 39 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 1994 VL 110 IS 2 BP 315 EP 339 DI 10.1006/icar.1994.1125 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PK621 UT WOS:A1994PK62100011 ER PT J AU LUM, KSK MANANDHAR, RP EIKENBERRY, SS KROCKENBERGER, M GRINDLAY, JE AF LUM, KSK MANANDHAR, RP EIKENBERRY, SS KROCKENBERGER, M GRINDLAY, JE TI INITIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXITE2 IMAGING PHOSWICH DETECTOR TELESCOPE FOR HARD X-RAY ASTRONOMY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS-MIC 93) CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE ID SN-1987A AB We have developed, tested, and flown a large-area imaging phoswich detector/telescope for hard X-ray astronomy. This second-generation Energetic X-ray Imaging Telescope Experiment (EXITE) is designed to detect and image cosmic X-ray sources in the 20-600 keV energy range from a high-altitude balloon. Imaging is accomplished via the coded-aperture technique. Laboratory tests have shown that the detector achieves 14% (FWHM) energy resolution and approximately 10 mm (FWHM) spatial resolution at 60 keV, and that the pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) circuit effectively distinguishes between NaI(T1) and CsI(Na) events from approximately 40-400 keV. The first flight of the instrument was from Palestine, Texas, on 13-14 June 1993. In this paper, we present details of the laboratory performance of the system and some flight results. RP LUM, KSK (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1354 EP 1363 DI 10.1109/23.322913 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA PE028 UT WOS:A1994PE02800132 ER PT J AU FUJINO, Y TONG, CYE AF FUJINO, Y TONG, CYE TI ANALYSIS OF AN OPEN-ENDED WAVE-GUIDE AS A PROBE FOR NEAR-FIELD ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS BY USING TLM METHOD SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE TLM METHOD; TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS; NEAR FIELD ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS; OPEN-ENDED RECTANGULAR WAVE-GUIDE ID SYMMETRICAL CONDENSED NODE; TRANSMISSION-LINE MATRIX; RADIATION; SPACE AB To increase the accuracy of a near field antenna measurement system, it is necessary to know radiation characteristics of a probe to detect near field data. Open ended waveguide used as a near field probe in our system was analyzed using Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method which is a time domain electromagnetic solver. Validity of this analysis has been confirmed by comparison with experimental data and existing theoretical approximation. Frequency dependence of a complex reflection coefficient at the waveguide aperture has been derived and is shown to agree with measured values. The radiation pattern of the open ended waveguide with mounting structure is also calculated. Ripples on both the amplitude and phase patterns are correctly predicted by our simulation. This method can be applied to accurately model the effect of probe antennas to enhance the accuracy of near field antenna range. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP FUJINO, Y (reprint author), COMMUN RES LABS, KOGANEI 184, JAPAN. OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8516 EI 1745-1345 J9 IEICE T COMMUN JI IEICE Trans. Commun. PD AUG PY 1994 VL E77B IS 8 BP 1048 EP 1055 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA PD535 UT WOS:A1994PD53500008 ER PT J AU COCHARD, H EWERS, FW TYREE, MT AF COCHARD, H EWERS, FW TYREE, MT TI WATER RELATIONS OF A TROPICAL VINE-LIKE BAMBOO (RHIPIDOCLADUM-RACEMIFLORUM) - ROOT PRESSURES, VULNERABILITY TO CAVITATION AND SEASONAL-CHANGES IN EMBOLISM SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE RHIPIDOCLADUM RACEMIFLORUM; ROOT PRESSURE; CAVITATION; EMBOLISM; WATER RELATIONS ID ACER-SACCHARUM; XYLEM CAVITATION; STRESS AB The occurrence of root pressure, the vulnerability of xylem vessels to drought-induced cavitation, and the seasonal changes in hydraulic conductivity due to embolism were studied in the culms of Rhipidocladum racemiflorum (Steud.) McClure, a tropical vine-like bamboo from central Panama. Positive hydrostatic potentials up to 120 kPa occurred only during the wet season when the transpiration rate of the plant was low, i.e. at night or during rain events. Although the xylem vessels were large and efficient for conducting water, they were highly resistant to cavitation. Xylem water potentials lower than -4.5 MPa were required to induce 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity in culms. The minimum water potential reached -3.75 MPa at the end of the 1993 dry season, so loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism remained <10%. The species is adapted to drier habitats both by way of a low vulnerability to xylem cavitation and by root pressures in the wet season that could refill vessels that became embolized during a severe dry season. C1 US FOREST SERV, AIKEN FORESTRY SCI LAB, BURLINGTON, VT 05402 USA. INRA, UNITE ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE, F-54280 CHAMPENOUX, FRANCE. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 20 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 6 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 45 IS 277 BP 1085 EP 1089 DI 10.1093/jxb/45.8.1085 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PD628 UT WOS:A1994PD62800006 ER PT J AU FAUST, MA AF FAUST, MA TI 3 NEW BENTHIC SPECIES OF PROROCENTRUM (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM CARRIE-BOW-CAY, BELIZE - P-SABULOSUM SP-NOV, P-SCULPTILE SP-NOV, AND P-ARENARIUM SP-NOV SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BELIZE, CENTRAL AMERICA; BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATES; CORAL RUBBLE; DINOPHYCEAE; MORPHOLOGY; PROROCENTRALES; PROROCENTRUM ARENARIUM SP NOV; PROROCENTRUM SABULOSUM SP NOV; PROROCENTRUM SCULPTILE SP NOV; SAND-DWELLING; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TAXONOMY ID TWIN-CAYS; MANGROVE ISLAND; PYRROPHYTA; SEM AB Three new benthic, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate species, Prorocentrum sabulosum, Prorocentrum scuptile, and Prorocentrum arenarium,from coral rubble are described from scanning electron micrographs. Species were identified based on shape, size, surface micromorphology, ornamentation of thecal plates, and architecture of the periflagellar area and intercalary band. Cells of P. sabulosum are oval with a cell size of 48-50 mu m long and 41-48 mu m wide. The areolae are round to oval and numerous (332-450 per valve) and range from 1 to 1.6 mu m in size. The periflagellar area of P. sabulosum bears a wide V-shaped depression with a flat ridge and lacks ornamentation; it accommodates six pores: one large flagellar pore, an adjacent smaller auxiliary pore, and four pores of unknown function. The flagellar and auxiliary pores are surrounded by a narrow apical collar. The intercalary band of P. sabulosum is smooth. Prorocentrum sculptile cells are broadly oval, 32-37 mu m long, and 30-32 mu m wide in valve view with a deep-sculptured apical area. The valves are smooth and are marked with shallow depressions (856-975 per valve). Some of these depressions have a small round opening (0. 13 mu m in diameter). The periflagellar area is V-shaped with a deeply indented depression; it accommodates the two flagellar and a thin angled apical plate. The intercalary band is smooth. Prorocentrum arenarium cells are nearly round in valve view 30-32 mu m in diameter. Thecal surface is smooth with scattered kidney-shaped valve poroids (65-73 per valve) and marginal poroids (50-57 per valve). Length and width of poroids are 0.62 mu m and 0.36 mu m, respectively. The periflagellar area is an unornamented, broad triangle into which a large flagellar pore and a smaller auxiliary pore are fitted. Both flagella, longitudinal and transverse, protrude from the flagellar pore. The intercalary band is smooth. The presence of a peduncle-like structure (2-3 mu m long) in P. arenarium was observed situated in the flagellar pore. RP FAUST, MA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT BOT,4201 SILVER HILL RD,SUITLAND,MD 20746, USA. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.00755.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PE430 UT WOS:A1994PE43000021 ER PT J AU BABB, JF FAN, ZA DALGARNO, A AF BABB, JF FAN, ZA DALGARNO, A TI THE RADIATIVE ASSOCIATION OF O AND O+ SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION MOMENTS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; STATES; NITROGEN; SYSTEM; OXYGEN; HELIUM; ATOMS; O-2+ AB The formation of the oxygen molecular cation O-2(+) by radiative association of an O(P-3) atom and an O+(S-4 degrees) ion is investigated. The radiative association is due mainly to approach in the A (2) Pi(u) state of O-2(+) Explicit calculations are carried out for association following approach in the vibrational continuum of the A (2) Pi(u) state with the emission of photons into bound vibrational-rotational levels of the X (2) Pi(g) state. The rate coefficient is obtained and found to be of the order of 5 x 10(-18) cm(3) s(-1) for temperatures above 1000 K, but it drops rapidly for temperatures below 300 K due to the presence of a repulsive quadrupole interaction in the long-range molecular potential. Numerous shape resonances are manifest in the cross section at low temperatures. RP BABB, JF (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Babb, James/0000-0002-3883-9501 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(94)90006-X PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA PF389 UT WOS:A1994PF38900006 ER PT J AU ROTH, TL HOWARD, JG DONOGHUE, AM SWANSON, WF WILDT, DE AF ROTH, TL HOWARD, JG DONOGHUE, AM SWANSON, WF WILDT, DE TI FUNCTION AND CULTURE REQUIREMENTS OF SNOW LEOPARD (PANTHERA-UNCIA) SPERMATOZOA IN-VITRO SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID CAT FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; DOMESTIC CAT; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; FELIS-BENGALENSIS; SPERM FUNCTION; MOTILITY; PENTOXIFYLLINE; MATURATION; PENETRATION AB Electroejaculates from eight snow leopards were used to determine how the motility of spermatozoa was influenced by (i) type of media (Ham's F10, PBS, human tubal fluid or RPMI-1640); (ii) holding temperature (23 degrees C versus 37 degrees C); (iii) washing of spermatozoa and (iv) a sperm metabolic enhancer, pentoxifylline. The duration of sperm motility was assessed by evaluating samples in each treatment every hour for 6 h and a sperm motility index (a value combining percentage sperm motility and rate of forward progression) calculated. Spermatozoa from the Ham's F10, PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline treatments were also co-incubated with zona-intact, domestic cat eggs that were fixed and evaluated for spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida, penetrating the outer and inner layers of the zona pellucida and within the perivitelline space. During the 6 h co-incubation, the sperm motility index in PBS with pentoxifylline was greater (P < 0.05) than in PBS alone which, in turn, was greater (P < 0.05) than in the other three test media. Washing the spermatozoa enhanced (P < 0.05) motility in both PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline relative to unwashed samples, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of holding temperature. Pentoxifylline supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the proportion of cat eggs with bound, but not penetrated, snow leopard spermatozoa. Only one to three of the 120 total cat eggs/treatment group had snow leopard spermatozoa in the inner layer of the zona pellucida, and there were no spermatozoa in the perivitelline space. Failure of sperm penetration did not appear related to an inadequacy in the culture system because nine of 27 snow leopard eggs co-incubated in PBS with conspecific spermatozoa cleaved in vitro and nine of the 18 unfertilized eggs contained spermatozoa in the perivitelline space. The snow leopard appears unique among felid species in that (i) sperm viability is highly sensitive to type of culture medium, (ii) sperm motility and function in vitro, appear enhanced by a simple rather than complex culture medium and (iii) there is a mechanism that prevents these spermatozoa from fully penetrating heterologous, salt-stored, domestic cat eggs. RP ROTH, TL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 23853] NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 101 IS 3 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PG484 UT WOS:A1994PG48400008 PM 7966009 ER PT J AU SONGER, CJ MINTZES, JJ AF SONGER, CJ MINTZES, JJ TI UNDERSTANDING CELLULAR RESPIRATION - AN ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE IN COLLEGE BIOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING LA English DT Article AB This study explored and documented the frequencies of conceptual difficulties confronted by college students seeking to understand the basic processes of cellular respiration. Using concept maps, clinical interviews and an open-ended instrument, viewpoints were elicited from 100 (novice) introductory biology students before and after relevant instruction in cellular respiration and from 100 (experienced) students enrolled in advanced biology courses. Chi-square analyses revealed significant differences among groups in the frequencies of scientifically acceptable and alternative conceptions. The findings suggest that novices harbor a wide range of conceptual difficulties that constrain their understanding of cellular respiration. Furthermore, many of these difficulties persist after instruction and new ones arise. Often these conceptual problems remain intact among experienced students despite well-planned, repeated instruction at advanced levels. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP SONGER, CJ (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,WILMINGTON,NC 28403, USA. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-4308 J9 J RES SCI TEACH JI J. Res. Sci. Teach. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 31 IS 6 BP 621 EP 637 DI 10.1002/tea.3660310605 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA NZ994 UT WOS:A1994NZ99400003 ER PT J AU RILEY, S AF RILEY, S TI SNOW FALLING ON CEDARS - GUTERSON,D SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP RILEY, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 119 IS 13 BP 129 EP 129 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PB525 UT WOS:A1994PB52500318 ER PT J AU SWEATMAN, H ROBERTSON, DR AF SWEATMAN, H ROBERTSON, DR TI GRAZING HALOS AND PREDATION ON JUVENILE CARIBBEAN SURGEONFISHES SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE SEAGRASS BEDS; RECRUITMENT; CORAL REEF FISH; HABITAT SELECTION; GRAZING HALO; PREDATION; MODEL BOTTLE ID DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; REEF FISHES; SEAGRASS; DENSITY; AGGRESSION; DECAPODS; HEIGHT; BEDS AB In the Caribbean, recruitment of a number of fishes has been found to be low at the edges of patch reefs, intermediate in the grazed halo and highest in dense seagrass. This has been attributed in part to the activities of reef-based predators. We presented small surgeonfishes held in clear glass bottles at 4 distances up to 20 m from the edges of reefs and found that the rate of encounters with predators (and aggressive territorial herbivores) was high at the reef edges, but encounter rates in the halo were much lower and similar to those in the dense seagrass. The low rate of interactions even 2 m from the reef edge implies that reef-based predators avoid the halo also, presumably because of the risk to themselves of predation from still larger piscivores. This implies that the pattern of recruitment is due to avoidance by recruits rather than the depredations of reef-based predators. Many surgeonfishes recruiting to experimental structures in the seagrass were migrant juveniles rather than settling larvae and we suggest that the gradient in recruitment of surgeonfishes reflects proximity to preferred post-settlement habitats. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST BALBOA PANAMA, UNIT 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.3354/meps111001 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PB967 UT WOS:A1994PB96700001 ER PT J AU FLEISCHER, RC TARR, CL PRATT, TK AF FLEISCHER, RC TARR, CL PRATT, TK TI GENETIC-STRUCTURE AND MATING SYSTEM IN THE PALILA, AN ENDANGERED HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPER, AS ASSESSED BY DNA-FINGERPRINTING SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENDANGERED SPECIES; DNA FINGERPRINTING; GENETIC VARIATION; LOXIOIDES BAILLEUI; MATING SYSTEM; HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPER ID EXTRA-PAIR FERTILIZATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MONOGAMOUS BIRD; POPULATION; ALLELES; SUCCESS; VARIABILITY; BOTTLENECK; PATERNITY; PARENTAGE AB We conducted DNA fingerprinting analyses to ascertain the mating system and population genetic structure of the palila, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, which occupies a fragmented range on the Mauna Kea volcano of the island of Hawai'i. DNA fingerprinting of twelve complete families from the Pu'u La'au population revealed no evidence of extrapair fertilization or intraspecific brood parasitism. Band-sharing coefficients from fingerprints produced with two probes revealed that the large Pu'u La'au population on the southwest slope of Mauna Kea, and a smaller, geographically separate population on the east slope (at Kanakaleonui) had relatively high and virtually identical levels of minisatellite variability (mean S of 0.27 for each population based on combined data of M13 and Jeffreys 33.15 probes). The two populations also had nearly identical allele frequencies based on their mean corrected similarity, S-ij. of 0,98. These data suggest that the two populations have not been fragmented long and/or have sufficient current gene flow to ameliorate any affects of genetic drift, We conclude that present levels of inbreeding are low within both populations, and that proposed translocations of individuals from Pu'u La'au to Kanakaleonui appear appropriate from a genetic standpoint. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MOLEC GENET LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NATL BIOL SURVEY,HAWAII FIELD STN,HAWAII RES GRP,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. RP FLEISCHER, RC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,GENET MOLEC LAB,MOLEC GENET PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 58 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 3 IS 4 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00078.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA PD872 UT WOS:A1994PD87200012 ER PT J AU WASHBURN, WE AF WASHBURN, WE TI ART OF THE AMERICAN-INDIAN FRONTIER - PENNEY,DW SO PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP WASHBURN, WE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0030-8684 J9 PAC HIST REV JI Pac. Hist. Rev. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 63 IS 3 BP 424 EP 426 PG 3 WC History SC History GA PJ979 UT WOS:A1994PJ97900009 ER PT J AU KHARCHENKO, VA IVANOV, VK IPATOV, AN ZHYZHIN, ML AF KHARCHENKO, VA IVANOV, VK IPATOV, AN ZHYZHIN, ML TI SIZE DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AND ADIABATIC TYPE OF COLLECTIVE VIBRATION IN SMALL METAL-CLUSTERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SODIUM CLUSTERS; PHYSICS; MODEL AB The electronic structure of atomic clusters is studied as a function of the geometrical parameters and number of atoms N in the clusters. Self-consistent electron wave functions and energies are calculated for the clusters with closed and open shells for N ranging from 4 to 40 and for the various radii of positive cluster cores. These calculations are done both for the homogeneous and inhomogeneous jellium models of the cluster core. The equilibrium values of jellium core radius have been obtained using ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations for the valence electrons. The importance of the role of nonlocal exchange interaction in the creation of the equilibrium cluster structure is also shown. An adiabatic type of collective vibrational mode is predicted . Vibrational frequencies and amplitudes are calculated for the ''magic'' number clusters. The influence of the geometrical parameters on the physical properties of clusters is discussed. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP KHARCHENKO, VA (reprint author), ST PETERSBURG TECH UNIV,POLITECH 29,ST PETERSBURG 195251,RUSSIA. RI Ivanov, Vadim/M-5766-2013 OI Ivanov, Vadim/0000-0002-3584-4583 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1994 VL 50 IS 2 BP 1459 EP 1464 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.1459 PN B PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PB594 UT WOS:A1994PB59400004 ER PT J AU REISS, HR KRAINOV, VP AF REISS, HR KRAINOV, VP TI APPROXIMATION FOR A COULOMB-VOLKOV SOLUTION IN STRONG FIELDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID CHARGED-PARTICLE SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE; INTENSE-FIELD AB A simple analytical approximation is found for the wave function of an electron simultaneously exposed to a strong, circularly polarized plane-wave field and an atomic Coulomb potential. The approximation is valid when alpha0 much greater than 1, where alpha0 is the classical radius of motion of a free electron in the plane-wave field. This constraint is sufficiently mild at low frequencies that it makes possible a major extension of the lower bound of laser intensities for which Volkov-solution-based approximations are useful. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. MOSCOW PHYS TECH INST,DOLGOPRUDNYI 141700,RUSSIA. RP REISS, HR (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. RI Reiss, Howard/B-6538-2014; Krainov, Vladimir/D-9224-2014 OI Reiss, Howard/0000-0003-1023-1462; NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1994 VL 50 IS 2 BP R910 EP R912 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.R910 PN A PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA PB592 UT WOS:A1994PB59200005 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, SD STAUFFER, JR PROSSER, CF HERTER, T AF WILLIAMS, SD STAUFFER, JR PROSSER, CF HERTER, T TI SPECTROSCOPY AND PHOTOMETRY FOR LOW-MASS STARS IN PRAESEPE SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID PROPER MOTION; OPEN CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS; COUSINS; MEMBERS AB We have obtained spectral types, Halpha equivalent widths, and optical photometry for a small sample of late K and M dwarf candidate members of the Praesepe open cluster. At least for the small sample of stars we have observed, all of the Praesepe members later than M2 have Halpha in emission. The chromospheric activity of the Praesepe stars is essentially the same as that for Hyades members of the same mass, as expected since the two clusters are thought to be the same age. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP WILLIAMS, SD (reprint author), FRANKLIN & MARSHALL COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LANCASTER,PA 17604, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 106 IS 702 BP 817 EP 821 DI 10.1086/133448 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PD743 UT WOS:A1994PD74300001 ER PT J AU GOLUB, L ZIRIN, H WANG, HM AF GOLUB, L ZIRIN, H WANG, HM TI THE ROOTS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE IN THE SUNS SURFACE SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Flares22 Workshop on Recent Observations and Theories of Solar Flares CY MAY 22-28, 1993 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, SCOSTEP ID MULTILAYER TELESCOPE; QUIET SUN; RAY AB We have compared the structures seen on X-ray images obtained by a flight of the NIXT sounding rocket payload on July 11, 1991 with near-simultaneous photospheric and chromospheric structures and magnetic fields observed at Big Bear. The X-ray images reflect emission of both Mg X and Fe XVI, formed at 1 x 10(6) K and 3 x 10(6) K, respectively. The brightest H alpha sources correspond to a dying sub-flare and other active region components, all of which reveal coronal enhancements situated spatially well above the H alpha emission. The largest set of X-ray arches connected plages of opposite polarity in a large bipolar active region. The arches appear to lie in a small range of angle in the meridian plane connecting their footpoints. Sunspots are dark on the surface and in the corona. For the first time we see an emerging flux region in X-rays and find the emission extends twice as high as the H alpha arches. Many features which we believe to correspond to 'X-ray bright points' (XBPs) were observed. Whether by resolution or spectral band, the number detected greatly exceeds that from previous work. All of the brighter XBPs correspond to bipolar Her features, while unipolar Ha bright points are the base of more diffuse comet-like coronal arches, generally vertical. These diverge from individual features by less than 30 degrees, and give a good measure of what the 'canopies' must do. The H alpha data shows that all the H alpha features were present the entire day, so they are not clearly disappearing or reappearing. We find a new class of XBPs which we call 'satellite points', elements of opposite polarity linked to nearby umbrae by invisible field lines. The satellite points change rapidly in X-ray brightness during the flight. An M1.9 flare occurred four hours after the flight; examination of the pre-flare structures reveals nothing unusual. C1 CALTECH,BIG BEAR SOLAR OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP GOLUB, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 198 DI 10.1007/BF00712500 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PQ775 UT WOS:A1994PQ77500013 ER PT J AU HJERTSON, ML AF HJERTSON, ML TI THE IDENTITY OF ECHINOPSIS-PYGMAEA R E FR (CACTACEAE) SO TAXON LA English DT Note AB The protologue of Echinopsis pygmaea R. E. Fr. is based on two elements belonging to two taxa. A lectotype is selected to maintain current usage of the name. Rebutia haagei Fric & Schelle is considered to be a synonym of E. pygmaea. C1 UPPSALA UNIV,DEPT SYSTEMAT BOT,S-75236 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP HJERTSON, ML (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT MRC-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 1994 VL 43 IS 3 BP 455 EP 457 DI 10.2307/1222722 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA PH640 UT WOS:A1994PH64000010 ER PT J AU LOVEJOY, TE AF LOVEJOY, TE TI THE QUANTIFICATION OF BIODIVERSITY - AN ESOTERIC QUEST OR A VITAL COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE AB Biodiversity relates to sustainable development through a series of direct and indirect uses. These include direct harvest, nature tourism, wild genes improving domestic crops, wild species contributing to crop productivity, pest management, sources of medicine and bioremediation (biologically based environmental clean-up). Biodiversity relates through services, individual species indicating environmental change or stress, insights into the life sciences and increasingly today, through wealth generated from biodiversity at the level of the molecule. Sustainable development relates to the quantification of biodiversity through organizing information to enable the foregoing activities. It also relates in little-explored ways to ecosystem function, stability and resilience. Biodiversity is already a proven indicator of environmental change in freshwater systems. RP LOVEJOY, TE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,1000 JEFFERSON DR SW,STE 320,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 29 PY 1994 VL 345 IS 1311 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0089 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA PA855 UT WOS:A1994PA85500009 PM 7972359 ER PT J AU COLWELL, RK CODDINGTON, JA AF COLWELL, RK CODDINGTON, JA TI ESTIMATING TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY THROUGH EXTRAPOLATION SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; TROPICAL COMMUNITY; POPULATION-SIZE; AREA RELATIONS; RAIN-FORESTS; DIVERSITY; INSECT; RAREFACTION; ABUNDANCE AB Both the magnitude and the urgency of the task of assessing global biodiversity require that we make the most of what we know through the use of estimation and extrapolation. Likewise, future biodiversity inventories need to be designed around the use of effective sampling and estimation procedures, especially for 'hyperdiverse' groups of terrestrial organisms, such as arthropods, nematodes, fungi, and microorganisms. The challenge of estimating patterns of species richness from samples can be separated into (i) the problem of estimating local species richness, and (ii) the problem of estimating the distinctness, or complementarity, of species assemblages. These concepts apply on a wide range of spatial, temporal, and functional scales. Local richness can be estimated by extrapolating species accumulation curves, fitting parametric distributions of relative abundance, or using non-parametric techniques based on the distribution of individuals among species or of species among samples. We present several of these methods and examine their effectiveness for an example data set. We present a simple measure of complementarity, with some biogeographic examples, and outline the difficult problem of estimating complementarity from samples. Finally, we discuss the importance of using 'reference' sites (or sub-sites) to assess the true richness and composition of species assemblages, to measure ecologically significant ratios between unrelated taxa, to measure taxon/sub-taxon (hierarchical) ratios, and to 'calibrate' standardized sampling methods. This information can then be applied to the rapid, approximate assessment of species richness and faunal or floral composition at 'comparative' sites. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP COLWELL, RK (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. RI Colwell, Robert/C-7276-2015 NR 119 TC 2201 Z9 2424 U1 42 U2 398 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 29 PY 1994 VL 345 IS 1311 BP 101 EP 118 DI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0091 PG 18 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA PA855 UT WOS:A1994PA85500011 PM 7972351 ER PT J AU STANCIL, PC AF STANCIL, PC TI CONTINUOUS ABSORPTION BY HE-2+ AND HE-2+ IN COOL WHITE-DWARFS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR DATA; MOLECULAR PROCESSES; STAR, INDIVIDUAL; WHITE DWARFS ID ION-ATOM COLLISIONS; ASTROPHYSICAL INTEREST; PARTITION-FUNCTIONS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; ATMOSPHERES; RADIATION; SPECTRA AB Photodissociation cross sections and absorption coefficients of the He2+ and H2+ molecular ions for transitions from the X2SIGMA+ ground state to the vibrational continuum of the A2SIGMA+ excited state have been determined for photon wavelengths lambda between 50 nm and 20 mum and for temperatures T between 4200 and 50,400 K and between 3150 and 25,200 K, respectively. The cross sections are obtained through a fully quantum-mechanical method, and it is shown that inclusion of the high-lying rotational states is important for determination of the correct long-wavelength cross section amplitude and the peak wavelength. Free-free absorption coefficients are also obtained using the semiclassical method of Bates. The detection possibility of He-2(+) and H-2(+) in cool white dwarfs is discussed and shown to be insignificant. An effectively temperature independent Cutoff in the He-2(+) photodissociation cross section in the EUV at approximately 60 nm appears to be the only possible observable feature. It is suggested that He-2(+) may be responsible for an observed UV flux deficiency in some cool DB stars as well as in the DZ stars WD 0552 - 041 and WD 1334 + 039. We further suggest that the star WD 0752 - 676 currently assumed to be helium-rich may actually have a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV, DEPT PHYS, NORFOLK, VA 23529 USA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 43 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 430 IS 1 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.1086/174411 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW513 UT WOS:A1994NW51300034 ER PT J AU HARTMANN, L BOSS, A CALVET, N WHITNEY, B AF HARTMANN, L BOSS, A CALVET, N WHITNEY, B TI PROTOSTELLAR COLLAPSE IN A SELF-GRAVITATING SHEET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; STARS, FORMATION; STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EMBEDDED YOUNG STARS; HL-TAURI; DENSE CORES; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CIRCUMSTELLAR GAS; DARK CLOUDS; FRAGMENTATION; EVOLUTION AB We present preliminary calculations of protostellar cloud collapse starting from an isothermal, self-gravitating gaseous layer in hydrostatic equilibrium. This gravitationally unstable layer collapses into a flattened or toroidal density distribution, even in the absence of rotation or magnetic fields. We suggest that the flat infalling envelope recently observed in HL Tau by Hayashi et al. is the the result of collapse from an initially nonspherical layer. We also speculate that the later evolution of such a flattened, collapsing envelope can produce a structure similar to the ''flared disk'' invoked by Kenyon and Hartmann to explain the infrared excesses of many T Tauri stars. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,DTM,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. RP HARTMANN, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 430 IS 1 BP L49 EP L52 DI 10.1086/187435 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW514 UT WOS:A1994NW51400013 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, LF GARAY, G CURIEL, S RAMIREZ, S TORRELLES, JM GOMEZ, Y VELAZQUEZ, A AF RODRIGUEZ, LF GARAY, G CURIEL, S RAMIREZ, S TORRELLES, JM GOMEZ, Y VELAZQUEZ, A TI CEPHEUS-A HW2 - A POWERFUL THERMAL RADIO JET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H-II REGIONS; ISM, INDIVIDUAL (CEPHEUS A); ISM, JETS AND OUTFLOWS; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, FORMATION; STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; IONIZED STELLAR WINDS; OB3 MOLECULAR CLOUD; STAR-FORMING REGION; MASSIVE YOUNG STAR; VLA OBSERVATIONS; WATER-VAPOR; OUTFLOW; BIPOLAR; CONTINUUM AB At angular resolution of approximately 1'' the Cepheus A East radio source is known to consist of 16 compact components clustered within a 25'' radius region, most of which are aligned in stringlike structures. We present multifrequency VLA radio continuum observations of Cep A HW2, the elongated radio object believed to be associated with the most luminous (approximately 10(4) L.) source in the region. In the frequency range from 1.5 to 43 GHz, we find that its flux density increases with frequency as nu0.69, while the angular size of its major axis decreases with frequency as nu-0.57. The above frequency dependences are very close to the theoretical values of nu0.6 and nu-0.7 expected for a biconical thermal jet and make Cep A HW2 the best example known of this type of object. We suggest that Cep A HW2 is responsible for at least part of the complex outflow and excitation phenomena observed in the region. The estimated ionized mass-loss rate in this source, approximately 8 x 10(-7) M. yr-1, is about 100 times larger than the value expected for a star of the same luminosity in the main sequence. C1 CSIC,INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA,E-18080 GRANADA,SPAIN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CHILE,DEPT ASTRON,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RP RODRIGUEZ, LF (reprint author), NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,POB 0,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. RI Garay, Guido/H-8840-2013; OI Garay, Guido/0000-0003-1649-7958; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 35 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 430 IS 1 BP L65 EP L68 DI 10.1086/187439 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW514 UT WOS:A1994NW51400017 ER PT J AU VACHASPATI, T FIELD, GB AF VACHASPATI, T FIELD, GB TI ELECTROWEAK STRING CONFIGURATIONS WITH BARYON NUMBER SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEINBERG-SALAM THEORY; COSMIC STRINGS; STABILITY AB In the context of electroweak strings, the baryon number anomaly equation may be reinterpreted as a conservation law for baryon number minus helicity. Since the helicity is a sum of the link and twist numbers, linked or twisted loops of electroweak string carry baryon number. We evaluate the change in the baryon number obtained by delinking loops of electroweak Z string and show that twisted electroweak string segments may be regarded as extended sphalerons. We also suggest an alternative scenario for electroweak baryogenesis. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP TUFTS UNIV, TUFTS INST COSMOL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, MEDFORD, MA 02155 USA. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 3 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.373 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NX801 UT WOS:A1994NX80100002 ER PT J AU PERIVOLAROPOULOS, L AF PERIVOLAROPOULOS, L TI STABLE, SPINNING EMBEDDED VORTICES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK STRINGS; GLOBAL STRINGS; SUPERFLUID VORTICES; SEMILOCAL STRINGS; BARYOGENESIS; STABILITY; DEFECTS; MODEL AB The spinning vortex is a stationary generalization of the Nielsen-Olesen vortex involving a linear time dependence of the Goldstone boson. Here we show that this vortex can be embedded in models with SU(2)global X U(1)local symmetry. We also map the stability sector in parameter space and show that for sufficiently large spinning velocities the vortex is stable for any value of the Higgs self-coupling parameter beta. This is a significant improvement of stability compared to the semilocal vortex introduced by Vachaspati and Achucarro which is stable only for beta < 1. This result may have significant implications for electroweak vortices. C1 BROWN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. RP PERIVOLAROPOULOS, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, DIV THEORET ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OI Perivolaropoulos, Leandros/0000-0001-9330-2371 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 2 BP 962 EP 966 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.50.962 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA NY131 UT WOS:A1994NY13100031 ER PT J AU STANCIL, PC COPELAND, GE AF STANCIL, PC COPELAND, GE TI INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN THE 2-PHOTON POLARIZATION SPECTRA OF ALKALI ATOMS IN INTERMEDIATE STRENGTH MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM VAPOR AB The degree of linear polarization P(L) for two-photon absorption of alkali atoms in intermediate strength magnetic fields has been computationally investigated. Polarization spectra were obtained for n(a)s S-2(1/2) --> n(b)s S-2(1/2) transitions with the photons in near resonance with intermediate P-2(j) levels. Previous experiments and calculations in the absence of a magnetic field revealed a complete polarization reversal (P(L) approximately -100%) for frequencies near resonance between the P-2(1/2) and P-2(3/2) levels due to fine-structure coherence. Application of weak to intermediate strength fields induce additional depolarization features as a result of anomalous Zeeman splitting. The fine-structure depolarization feature disappears for strong fields (Paschen-Back regime), while the calculations predict that Zeeman depolarization persists though the transitions become forbidden. Magnetic-field-dependent polarization spectra can be measured in the laboratory with high precision and it should prove interesting to trace through the weak, intermediate, and strong field regimes. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP STANCIL, PC (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORFOLK,VA 23529, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 13 BP 2801 EP 2807 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/27/13/010 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA NY300 UT WOS:A1994NY30000012 ER PT J AU MORAN, JM AF MORAN, JM TI ASTROPHYSICS - MORE LIGHT ON A PECULIAR GALAXY SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMISSION; GAS RP MORAN, JM (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 14 PY 1994 VL 370 IS 6485 BP 98 EP 99 DI 10.1038/370098a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NW804 UT WOS:A1994NW80400029 ER PT J AU RAUSCHER, T APPLEGATE, JH COWAN, JJ THIELEMANN, FK WIESCHER, M AF RAUSCHER, T APPLEGATE, JH COWAN, JJ THIELEMANN, FK WIESCHER, M TI PRODUCTION OF HEAVY-ELEMENTS IN INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DIFFUSION; EARLY UNIVERSE; NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, ABUNDANCES ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; HADRON PHASE-TRANSITION; THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; BARYON-NUMBER FLUCTUATIONS; REACTION CROSS-SECTION; LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRON DIFFUSION; EARLY UNIVERSE; ENERGY-LEVELS AB Baryon density inhomogeneities during big bang nucleosynthesis can result from a variety of possible causes (e.g., quantum chromodynamic and electroweak phase transitions; cosmic strings). We present here the consequences of such inhomogeneities with special emphasis on the production of heavy elements in a parameter study, varying the global baryon-to-photon ratio eta [which is related to the baryon density and the Hubble constant via eta10 = 64.94OMEGA(b)(H-0/50)2] and the length scale of the density inhomogeneities. The production of heavy elements beyond Fe can only occur in neutron-rich environments; thus, we limit our study to neutron-rich zones, originating from neutron diffusion into low-density regions. In this first calculation including elements heavier than Si, we prove an earlier hypothesis that under such conditions r-process elements can be produced, strongly enhanced by the process of fission cycling. Primordial r-process abundances are, however, very sensitive to the choice of eta. Significant amounts, comparable to or larger than the (permitted) floor of heavy-element abundances found in low-metallicity stars at the onset of galactic evolution, can only be obtained for values in excess of eta10 = 133 (i.e., OMEGA(b)h50(2) = 2.0; e.g., OMEGA(b) = 1, H-0 = 71 or OMEGA(b) = 0.5, H-0 = 100) and large length scales of inhomogeneities, which minimize the back-diffusion of neutrons into proton-rich regions. Recent investigations analyzing the primordial abundances of light elements seem to set tighter limits, eta10 < 26-39 (OMEGA(b)h50(2) < 0.4-0.6), from He-4 and apparently considerably lower values based on Li, Be, and B. Under such conditions the predicted abundances of heavy elements are a factor of 10(5) or more below presently observable limits. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV BASEL,INST THEORET PHYS,CH-4056 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP RAUSCHER, T (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642 NR 135 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 2 BP 499 EP 530 DI 10.1086/174339 PN 1 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW014 UT WOS:A1994NW01400006 ER PT J AU FUSCOFEMIANO, R HUGHES, JP AF FUSCOFEMIANO, R HUGHES, JP TI NONPOLYTROPIC MODEL FOR THE COMA CLUSTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, CLUSTERING; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; X-RAYS, GALAXIES A ID X-RAY; PERSEUS CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER GAS; RICH CLUSTERS; DARK MATTER; HOT PLASMA; GALAXIES; EINSTEIN; IRON; ABUNDANCE AB In this article we demonstrate, for the first time, how a physically motivated static model for both the gas and galaxies in the Coma Cluster of galaxies can jointly fit all available X-ray and optical imaging and spectroscopic data. The principal assumption of this nonpolytropic model (Cavaliere & Fusco-Femiano 1981, hereafter CFF), is that the intracluster gas temperature is proportional to the square of the galaxy velocity dispersion everywhere throughout the cluster; no other assumption about the gas temperature distribution is required. After demonstrating that the CFF nonpolytropic model is an adequate representation of the gas and galaxy distributions, the radial velocity dispersion profile, and the gas temperature distribution, we derive the following information about the Coma Cluster; 1. The central temperature is about 9 keV and the central density is 2.8 x 10(-3) cm(-3) for the X-ray emitting plasma; 2. The binding mass of the cluster is approximately 2 x 10(15) M. within 5 Mpc (for H-0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1), with a mass-to-light ratio of approximately 160 M./L.; 3. The contribution of the gas to the total virial mass increases with distance from the cluster center, and we estimate that this ratio is no greater than approximately 50% within 5 Mpc. The ability of the CFF nonpolytropic model to describe the current X-ray and optical data for the Coma Cluster suggests that a significant fraction of the thermal energy contained in the hot gas in this as well as other rich galaxy clusters may have come from the interaction between the galaxies and the ambient cluster medium. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP FUSCOFEMIANO, R (reprint author), CNR,IST ASTROFIS SPAZIALE,CP 67,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 2 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1086/174342 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW014 UT WOS:A1994NW01400009 ER PT J AU REACH, WT KOO, BC HEILES, C AF REACH, WT KOO, BC HEILES, C TI ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR GAS IN INTERSTELLAR CIRRUS CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DUST, EXTINCTION; ISM, CLOUDS; ISM, MOLECULES; RADIO LINES, ISM ID ZETA OPHIUCHI; H-I; INFRARED CIRRUS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO; HYDROGEN; ABUNDANCES; C-12/C-13; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION AB The dust, atomic gas, and molecular gas content of a sample of 26 of isolated, degree-sized infrared clouds are compared. Half of the clouds have an infrared excess indicating the presence of H-2, and 14 contain compact CO-emitting regions. Complete, high angular resolution H I and CO maps of one cloud, G236 + 39, resolve the transition between atomic and molecular H, as well as the location of CO formation. Assuming the infrared emission traces the total column density, H-2 is inferred to be much more widely distributed than the CO. The CO rotational levels are subthermally excited, and the (2-1)/(1-0) line ratios suggest a density n(H-2) approximately 200 cm-3 where CO was detected. A model of H-2 formation on grain surfaces balanced by self-shielded photodissociation fits the variation of infrared brightness with H I column density. AssuMing a temperature of 80 K, typical of diffuse H-2 (Savage et al. 1977), the H-2 chemistry requires an average density n(H + 2H2) approximately 50 cm-3. For G236 + 39, if the distance is 100 pc, the H I and H-2 masses are estimated to be 90 and 70 M., respectively. High-resolution H I and infrared maps of a smaller cloud, G249.0 + 73.7, reveal no evidence for molecular gas, which is likely due to the low total column density through this cloud. These results suggest the H-2 and H I content are comparable for some interstellar cirrus clouds with column densities N(H I) > 4 x 10(20) cm-2, even where CO was not detected. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. SEOUL NATL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,SEOUL 151742,SOUTH KOREA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP REACH, WT (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 685,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Reach, William/C-4710-2008; OI Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 NR 45 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 2 BP 672 EP 693 DI 10.1086/174353 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW014 UT WOS:A1994NW01400020 ER PT J AU LADA, CJ LADA, EA CLEMENS, DP BALLY, J AF LADA, CJ LADA, EA CLEMENS, DP BALLY, J TI DUST EXTINCTION AND MOLECULAR GAS IN THE DARK CLOUD IC 5146 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DUST, EXTINCTION; ISM, ABUNDANCES; ISM, INDIVIDUAL (IC 5146); ISM, MOLECULES; TECHNIQUES, PHOTOMETRIC ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; VISUAL EXTINCTION; INTRINSIC COLORS; COMPLEX; PHOTOMETRY; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; HYDROGEN; CH AB In this paper we describe a powerful method for mapping the distribution of dust through a molecular cloud using data obtained in large-scale, multiwavelength, infrared imaging surveys. This method combines direct measurements of near-infrared color excess and certain techniques of star counting to derive mean extinctions and map the dust column density distribution through a cloud at higher angular resolutions and greater optical depths than those achieved previously by optical star counting. We report the initial results of the application of this method to a dark cloud complex near the cluster IC 5146, where we have performed coordinated, near-infrared, JHK imaging and (CO)-C-13, (CO)-O-18, and CS millimeter-wave, molecular-line surveys of a large portion of the complex. More than 4000 stars were detected in our JHK survey of the cloud. Of these, all but about a dozen appear to be field stars not associated with the cloud. Star count maps at J band show a striking and detailed anticorrelation between the surface density of J-band sources and CO and CS molecular-line emission. We used the (H-K) colors and positions of nearly 1300 sources to directly measure and map the extinction and thus trace the dust column density through the cloud at an effective angular resolution of 1.5'. We report an interesting correlation between the measured dispersion in our extinction determinations and the extinction. Modeling this relation indicates that effects of small-scale cloud structure dominate the uncertainties in our measurements. Moreover, we demonstrate that such observations can be used to place constraints on the nature of the spatial distribution of extinction on scales smaller than our resolution. In particular, we show that models in which the dust is distributed uniformly or in discrete high-extinction clumps on scales smaller than 1.5' are inconsistent with the observations. We have derived extinctions at the same positions and at the same angular resolution (1.7') as our molecular-line observations. This enabled a direct comparison of (CO)-C-13, (CO)-O-18, and CS integrated intensities and column densities with A(V) for more than 500 positions in the cloud, corresponding to a range in A(V) between 0-32 mag of extinction. We found the integrated intensities of (CO)-C-13, (CO)-O-18, and CS to be roughly linearly correlated with extinction over different ranges of extinction. However, for all three molecules we find the scatter in the observed relations to be larger than can be accounted for by instrumental error, suggesting that there are large intrinsic variations in the abundances or excitation of the molecules through the cloud. Mean abundances for all the molecules relative to hydrogen were directly derived from the data. The ratio of (CO)-C-13 to (CO)-O-18 abundances was found to be significantly higher than the terrestrial ratio in regions where extinction is less than 10 mag. In the same region, the dispersion in the abundance ratio is also found to be very large, suggesting that the abundances of one or both molecules are very unstable even at relatively large cloud optical depths. Beyond 10 mag of extinction the abundances of both species appear very stable with their ratio close to the terrestrial value. C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,BOSTON,MA 02215. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LADA, CJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 41 TC 306 Z9 306 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 2 BP 694 EP 709 DI 10.1086/174354 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW014 UT WOS:A1994NW01400021 ER PT J AU JUN, BI CLARKE, DA NORMAN, ML AF JUN, BI CLARKE, DA NORMAN, ML TI THE EVOLUTION OF COSMIC-RAY MEDIATED MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SHOCKS - A 2-FLUID APPROACH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES; COSMIC RAYS; MHD; METHODS, ANALYTICAL; METHODS, NUMERICAL; SHOCK WAVES ID ACCELERATION; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; FLOWS; WAVES AB We study the shock structure and acceleration efficiency of cosmic-ray mediated MHD shocks both analytically and numerically by using a two-fluid model. Our model includes the dynamical effect of magnetic fields and cosmic rays on a background thermal fluid. The steady state solution is derived by following the technique of Drury & Volk (1981) and compared to numerical results. We explore the time evolution of plane-perpendicular, piston-driven shocks. From the results of analytical and numerical studies, we conclude that the mean magnetic field plays an important role in the structure and acceleration efficiency of cosmic-ray mediated MHD shocks. The acceleration of cosmic-ray particles becomes less efficient in the presence of strong magnetic pressure since the field makes the shock less compressive. This feature is more prominent at low Mach numbers than at high Mach numbers. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ASTRON,URBANA,IL 61801. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP JUN, BI (reprint author), NATL CTR SUPERCOMP APPLICAT,5600 BECKMAN INST,DRAWER 25,405 N MATHEWS AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 2 BP 748 EP 758 DI 10.1086/174358 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW014 UT WOS:A1994NW01400025 ER PT J AU STANLEY, DJ WARNE, AG AF STANLEY, DJ WARNE, AG TI WORLDWIDE INITIATION OF HOLOCENE MARINE DELTAS BY DECELERATION OF SEA-LEVEL RISE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NILE-DELTA; RIVER DELTA; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; SUBSIDENCE; MARGIN; SHELF; EGYPT; CHINA; RATES AB Radiocarbon-dated deltaic sequences of Holocene age from different parts of the world began to accumulate within a restricted time range, from about 8500 to 6500 years ago. Evaluation of major delta processes indicates that deceleration in sea-level rise was the key factor in Holocene delta formation. Within many deltas, there is as much as a 2000-year age range between basal deposits in seaward and landward cores. This age difference records the progressive landward migration of near mean sea-level depositional environments during the lower to mid-Holocene. Establishment of a chronostratigraphic framework for Holocene delta development provides a fundamental global baseline for distinguishing sea-level change from vertical land motion by tectonism and isostasy, and for evaluating rates of future marine incursion into low-lying deltas. C1 USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. RP STANLEY, DJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DELTAS GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 69 TC 288 Z9 307 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 8 PY 1994 VL 265 IS 5169 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.1126/science.265.5169.228 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NV957 UT WOS:A1994NV95700035 PM 17750665 ER PT J AU DACEY, JWH DRAKE, BG KLUG, MJ AF DACEY, JWH DRAKE, BG KLUG, MJ TI STIMULATION OF METHANE EMISSION BY CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT OF MARSH VEGETATION SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; ESTUARINE MARSH; RICE PADDIES; COMMUNITIES; PRODUCTIVITY; RESPONSES; WETLANDS; PLANTS; GROWTH; FIELD AB THERE is substantial evidence that many plants respond to increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide by increasing their productivity(1-4) This observation has led to the suggestion that, by taking up CO2, the terrestrial biosphere might mitigate the potential greenhouse warming associated with anthropogenic CO2 emissions(5). Whiting and Chanton(6) have found, however, that for wetlands of varying productivity around the world, higher net primary production is associated with higher emissions of methane-another important greenhouse gas. Here we present measurements of methane emissions from a marsh that has been exposed to twice the present ambient concentration of atmospheric CO2. We find that over a one-week period, the CO2-enriched sites had significantly higher emissions of methane than the control sites. Our results suggest that future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration may lead to significant increases in methane emissions from wetlands. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,KELLOGG BIOL STN,HICKORY CORNERS,MI 49060. RP DACEY, JWH (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 32 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 21 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 1994 VL 370 IS 6484 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1038/370047a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NV711 UT WOS:A1994NV71100053 ER PT J AU MCCORRISTON, J AF MCCORRISTON, J TI THE PALEOETHNOBOTANY OF FRANCHTHI CAVE - HANSEN,JM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP MCCORRISTON, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHAEOLOGICAL INST PI NEW YORK PA 135 WILLIAM ST, NEW YORK, NY 10038-3805 SN 0002-9114 J9 AM J ARCHAEOL JI Am. J. Archaeol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 98 IS 3 BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.2307/506450 PG 2 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA PF489 UT WOS:A1994PF48900015 ER PT J AU ROSENBERGER, AL STAFFORD, BJ AF ROSENBERGER, AL STAFFORD, BJ TI LOCOMOTION IN CAPTIVE LEONTOPITHECUS AND CALLIMICO - A MULTIMEDIA STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LOCOMOTION; GAIT; GRASPING; CALLITRICHINES; LEONTOPITHECUS; CALLIMICO; NEW WORLD MONKEYS; VIDEO; KINEMATICS ID NEW-WORLD MONKEYS; BODY SIZE; FEEDING ADAPTATIONS; EVOLUTION; CALLITRICHINAE; BEHAVIOR; PRIMATES; GAITS AB Video studies, gait analysis, footprint tracks, and observational scan sampling show that, in comparably furnished enclosures, Leontopithecus rosalia and Callimico goeldii are superficially similar in their use of predefined locomotor patterns but differ profoundly in many underlying details which reflect differences in postcranial morphology. Each uses pronograde arboreal quadrupedal walking, quadrupedal bounding, and vertical climbing with comparable frequency, and both shift to bounding while moving quadrupedally at high speeds. In walking, both species use a diagonal sequence gait. However, in Callimico the distance per bout traveled while walking or running is shorter than in L. rosalia and there is an emphasis on leaping (from a stationary position) and bounding-leaps (saltational extensions of pronograde quadrupedalism), in contrast with the basically quadrupedal style of L. rosalia. This dichotomy is consistent with anatomical specializations, such as forelimb elongation in Leontopithecus and hindlimb elongation in Callimico. In vivo hand- and footprint studies demonstrate grasping halluces in both species while walking. Limb stances in L. rosalia during ''transaxial bounding'' involve an overstriding hindlimb, a predominance of oblique rather than in-line travel, and unique hand and foot positions. Anatomically, this locomotor style may be associated with reduced dexterity of the elongate hands and a relatively short hallux. The captive locomotor profiles for both species probably reflect biased samples of the locomotor repertoire of their wild counterparts. Nevertheless, these data reflect species-specific integrations of locomotor behavior and morphology, and corroborate expectations of locomotor diversity among callitrichine primates, even those of similar body size. It is suggested, however, that conventional quantitative studies of locomotor profiles may prove inadequate for resolving subtle aspects of locomotor morphology and behavior. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANTHROPOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. CUNY HUNTER COLL,DEPT ANTHROPOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP ROSENBERGER, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 3 BP 379 EP 394 DI 10.1002/ajpa.1330940307 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA NT495 UT WOS:A1994NT49500006 PM 7943192 ER PT J AU ROTHENBERG, M AF ROTHENBERG, M TI YANKEE SCIENCE IN THE MAKING - SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN NEW-ENGLAND FROM COLONIAL TIMES TO THE CIVIL-WAR - STRUIK,DJ SO ANNALS OF SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP ROTHENBERG, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0003-3790 J9 ANN SCI JI Ann. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 425 EP 426 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA NV293 UT WOS:A1994NV29300016 ER PT J AU STAUFFER, JR HAMILTON, D PROBST, RG AF STAUFFER, JR HAMILTON, D PROBST, RG TI A CCD-BASED SEARCH FOR VERY-LOW MASS MEMBERS OF THE PLEIADES CLUSTER SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROWN DWARFS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PROPER MOTION; STARS; PHOTOMETRY; MODELS; AGE AB We have obtained deep CCD V and I images of a number of fields near the center of the Pleiades open cluster. We have also obtained imaging data for Praesepe, a very similar cluster in terms of distance and richness but nearly 10 times older than the Pleiades. Because brown dwarfs are predicted to become much fainter and cooler between Pleiades and Praesepe ages, this provides a powerful differential technique for placing constraints on the brown dwarf population in open clusters. Combined with our previously reported observations, we now have data for about 0.4 sq deg in the Pleiades, corresponding roughly to 5% of the area of that cluster. We have searched the new CCD frames for additional Pleiades brown dwarf candidates. Two possible candidates are present, the faintest of which has V congruent-to 22.5, (V-I)K congruent-to 4.6. Because we do not have proper motion data and the colors of these objects are not redder than the reddest known field stars, it is possible that some or all of our candidates are somewhat higher mass field stars rather than Pleiades-age brown dwarfs. Even if all six of the proposed brown dwarf candidates in our 0.4 sq deg field are Pleiades members, the relatively small number found suggests that low mass stars or brown dwarfs do not contribute significantly to the total mass of the cluster. C1 MAX PLANCK INST ASTRON,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. KITT PEAK NATL OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. RP STAUFFER, JR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 25 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1086/117053 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT501 UT WOS:A1994NT50100014 ER PT J AU STAUFFER, JR LIEBERT, J GIAMPAPA, M MACINTOSH, B REID, N HAMILTON, D AF STAUFFER, JR LIEBERT, J GIAMPAPA, M MACINTOSH, B REID, N HAMILTON, D TI RADIAL-VELOCITIES OF VERY-LOW MASS STARS AND CANDIDATE BROWN DWARF MEMBERS OF THE HYADES AND PLEIADES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOWER MAIN-SEQUENCE; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; THEORETICAL-MODELS; SPECTRAL SEQUENCE; CCD PARALLAXES; PHOTOMETRY; LUMINOSITY; EVOLUTION; DISTANCE AB We have determined Halpha equivalent widths and radial velocities with 1sigma accuracies approximately 5 km s-1 for approximately 20 candidate very low mass members of the Hyades and Pleiades clusters. The radial velocities for the Hyades sample suggest that nearly all of these stars are indeed highly probable members of the Hyades. The faintest stars in the Hyades sample have masses of order 0.1-1M.. We also obtained radial velocities for four candidate very low mass members of the Pleiades and two objects that are candidate BD Pleiads. All of these stars have apparent V magnitudes fainter than the Hyades stars we observed, and the resultant radial velocity accuracy is worse. We believe that the three brighter stars are indeed likely very low mass stellar members of the Pleiades, whereas the status of the two brown dwarf candidates is uncertain. The Hyades stars we have observed and the three Pleiades very low mass stars are the lowest mass members of any open cluster whose membership has been confirmed by radial velocities and whose chromospheric activity has been measured. We see no change in chromospheric activity at the boundary where stars are expected to become fully convective (M congruent-to 0.3M.) in either cluster. In the Pleiades, however, there may be a decrease in chromospheric activity for stars with (V-I)K>3.5 C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NATL SOLAR OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CALTECH,PALOMAR OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91125. MAX PLANCK INST ASTRON,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RP STAUFFER, JR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 75 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1 BP 160 EP 174 DI 10.1086/117054 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT501 UT WOS:A1994NT50100015 ER PT J AU KENYON, SJ GOMEZ, M MARZKE, RO HARTMANN, L AF KENYON, SJ GOMEZ, M MARZKE, RO HARTMANN, L TI NEW PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS IN THE TAURUS-AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST SHELLS; LOW-MASS STARS; DENSE CORES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SUPER-GIANTS; DARK CLOUDS; IRAS; POPULATION; BIRTHLINE; SPECTRA AB We describe a search for new pre-main-sequence stars in a sample of faint 60 Am sources identified by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. Most of these sources appear to be galaxies based on near-infrared, imaging, optical spectroscopy, and their spatial locations relative to dense molecular gas. However, nine objects are probably pre-main-sequence stars, and at least one of these appears to be an embedded protostar. Our results suggest the population of protostars in Taurus-Auriga is essentially complete for L greater-than-or-similar-to 0.1 L.. We combined published data with our results to construct a new luminosity function for Taurus-Auriga embedded sources. As in previous studies, the luminosity function has a roughly Gaussian shape and a distinct peak at approximately 1 L.. This peak lies a factor of 10-50 below predictions of steady, spherical infall models, but it can be explained if cloud material falls into a circumstellar disk instead of radially onto the central star. RP KENYON, SJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 55 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1086/117064 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT501 UT WOS:A1994NT50100025 ER PT J AU NORDSTROM, B LATHAM, DW MORSE, JA MILONE, AAE KURUCZ, RL ANDERSEN, J STEFANIK, RP AF NORDSTROM, B LATHAM, DW MORSE, JA MILONE, AAE KURUCZ, RL ANDERSEN, J STEFANIK, RP TI CROSS-CORRELATION RADIAL-VELOCITY TECHNIQUES FOR ROTATING F-STARS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE METHODS, DATA ANALYSIS; METHODS, OBSERVATIONAL; TECHNIQUES, RADIAL VELOCITIES; STARS, KINEMATICS; STARS, ROTATION ID YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; STELLAR AB Data reduction techniques for cross-correlation determination of radial velocities for F stars using echelle spectra obtained with the Center for Astrophysics Digital Speedometers are described and evaluated. Synthetic spectra, calculated for a grid of spectral types and rotational velocities, are used to derive radial velocities for a large sample of nearby F stars with a wide range of rotational velocities. Using a grid of calculated spectra provides a set of noise-free templates on a consistent wavelength scale and allows a closer match between the rotational velocity of the object and that of the template spectrum than would be possible using observed spectra as templates. We describe the methods used to choose the template parameters for each star and the tests conducted to evaluate the accuracy of our procedure. Typically the random error of a single velocity measurement is in the range 0.7 to 3 km s-1, depending primarily on the rotation of the star. The zero point of our velocity system has been established to an accuracy of better than 1 km s-1 for the F stars. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. RP NORDSTROM, B (reprint author), ASTRON OBSERV, NIELS BOHR INST ASTRON PHYS & GEOPHYS, BRORFELDEVEJ 23, DK-4340 TOLLOSE, DENMARK. NR 26 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 287 IS 1 BP 338 EP 347 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NV514 UT WOS:A1994NV51400040 ER PT J AU BRUNNER, H LAMER, G WORRALL, DM STAUBERT, R AF BRUNNER, H LAMER, G WORRALL, DM STAUBERT, R TI X-RAY-SPECTRA OF A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF EXTRAGALACTIC CORE-DOMINATED RADIO-SOURCES SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; QUASARS; RADIO CONTINUUM, GALAXIES; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; RAPID VARIABILITY; LAC OBJECTS; S5 SURVEY; 5 GHZ; QUASARS; EINSTEIN; CONTINUUM AB We present ROSAT soft X-ray spectra for the members of a complete sample of 13 core-dominated, flat radio spectrum sources. The sample comprises all radio sources from a flux-limited radio catalog (S5GHz > 1 Jy; Kuhr et al. 1981) which are north of delta = 70-degrees, at galactic latitudes b > 10-degrees, and have a flat radio spectrum between 1.4 and 5 GHz (alpha(r) < 0.5; f is similar to nu(-alpha)). The sources have already undergone much study at radio and optical wavelengths and are classified in broad terms as quasars (8 sources) and BL Lac objects (5 sources). We find mean X-ray power-law energy indices of alpha(x) = 0.59 +/- 0.19 for the quasars and 1.36 +/- 0.27 for the BL Lac objects (68 % confidence range for two parameters of interest as determined by a maximum likelihood method), supporting earlier Einstein Observatory results for heterogeneous samples of sources (Worrall & Wilkes 1990). A non-zero dispersion on alpha(x) is found for both the quasars and the BL Lac objects. The quasar X-ray spectra are harder than the interpolated spectral index between the optical and X-ray bands, alpha(ox), and they cluster tightly around < alpha(ox) - alpha(x) > congruent-to 0.6. In contrast, the BL Lac objects give < alpha(ox) - alpha(x) > congruent-to 0, but with a relatively large dispersion (sigma is similar to 0.5) which is similar to that on alpha(x). The BL Lac objects separate into a group of three sources with alpha(x) < 1.0 and two sources with alpha(x) > 1.7. When we incorporate published radio, mm, and optical measurements and compare the X-ray and broad-band spectral indices alpha(x), alpha(rx), alpha(mm,x), and alpha(ox), the most obvious difference between the quasar and BL Lac subsamples lies within the X-ray band. We have fitted the multi-wavelength data to inhomogeneous synchrotron-self-Compton models and find that, for the BL Lac objects with steep X-ray spectra, synchrotron emission can account for the radio to soft X-ray measurements, whereas the BL Lac objects with hard X-ray spectra and the quasars require significant Compton emission to model the spectral flattening indicated by alpha(x) < alpha(ox). C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP BRUNNER, H (reprint author), UNIV TUBINGEN, INST ASTRON, WALDHAUSERSTR 64, D-72076 TUBINGEN, GERMANY. NR 91 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 287 IS 2 BP 436 EP 452 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NW311 UT WOS:A1994NW31100016 ER PT J AU FORMAN, W JONES, C TUCKER, W AF FORMAN, W JONES, C TUCKER, W TI MODELS OF HOT GALACTIC CORONAE AROUND EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COOLING FLOWS; GALAXIES, EVOLUTION; GALAXIES, ISM; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID NORMAL ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; X-RAY; COOLING FLOWS; STAR FORMATION; MASS-LOSS; SPHERICAL CLOUDS; II EMISSION; GAS; EVOLUTION; CLUSTERS AB We have computed simple non-steady state models of X-ray-emitting, hot galactic coronae which are observed around early-type galaxies. Our models, appropriate for elliptical galaxies, include the effect of the formation of new stars which occurs as the gas radiatively cools and the effect of supernova explosions which serve to heat the cool gas component from which the stars are forming. We develop scaling relations for the galaxy parameters including the optical galaxy as well as a dark matter halo which we use to generate galaxy models spanning a range of absolute magnitudes from - 19.5 to -22.5. We compare our models to a sample of approximately 150 galaxies with measured X-ray luminosities. We show that our simple model does exhibit the observed correlation between X-ray and optical luminosity. However, the model cannot explain the broad range in X-ray luminosity at a given optical luminosity. RP FORMAN, W (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 61 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1086/174303 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT958 UT WOS:A1994NT95800008 ER PT J AU FABBIANO, G KIM, DW TRINCHIERI, G AF FABBIANO, G KIM, DW TRINCHIERI, G TI ROSAT PSPC OBSERVATIONS OF 2 X-RAY-FAINT EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES - NGC-4365 AND NGC-4382 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ELLIPTIC AND LENTICULAR, CD; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (NGC-4365, NGC-4382); RADIATION MECHANISMS, NONTHERMAL; RADIATION MECHANISMS, THERMAL; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; CORONAL TEMPERATURES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; EMISSION; M31; EVOLUTION AB We present the results of ROSAT PSPC observations of the two early-type galaxies NGC 4365 and NGC 4382. These galaxies are among those observed with Einstein to have the lowest X-ray to optical flux ratios of early-type galaxies. The PSPC data show that for radii r > 50'' the radial distributions of the X-ray surface brightness are consistent with the optical distributions of King (1978). We also find that these galaxies have X-ray spectra significantly different from those observed in X-ray-bright ellipticals, with a relative excess of counts detected in the softest spectral channels. This confirms earlier Einstein results. The characteristics of the ROSAT PSPC do not allow us to discriminate between possible spectral models. If we adopt a two-component thermal model on the grounds of physical plausibility, we find that the spectral data can be fitted with a very soft optically thin component, with kT approximately 0.2 keV, and a hard component with kT > (1.0-1.5) keV. The hard component has a luminosity consistent with that expected from the integrated emission of a population of low-mass X-ray binaries in these galaxies; the nature of the very soft component is more speculative. Candidates include the coronal emission of late-type stars, supersoft X-ray sources, RS CVn, and perhaps a hot ISM. Alternatively, the spectral data may be fitted with a 0.6-1 keV bremsstrahlung spectrum (exponential plus Gaunt), and may suggest the presence of a totally new population of X-ray sources. C1 CHUNGNAM NATL UNIV,TAEJON 305764,SOUTH KOREA. OSSERV ASTROFIS BRERA,I-20121 MILAN,ITALY. RP FABBIANO, G (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 37 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 1 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1086/174304 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT958 UT WOS:A1994NT95800009 ER PT J AU PELLEGRINI, S FABBIANO, G AF PELLEGRINI, S FABBIANO, G TI THE VERY SOFT-X-RAY EMISSION OF X-RAY-FAINT EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ELLIPTIC AND LENTICULAR, CD; RADIATION MECHANISMS, THERMAL; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID NORMAL ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; CORONAL TEMPERATURES; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; SYMBIOTIC STARS; IA SUPERNOVAE; EVOLUTION; EINSTEIN AB A recent reanalysis of Einstein data, and new ROSAT observations, have revealed the presence of at least two components in the X-ray spectra of X-ray faint early-type galaxies: a relatively hard component (kT > 1.5 keV), and a very soft component (kT approximately 0.2-0.3 keV). In this paper we address the problem of the nature of the very soft component, and whether it can be due to a hot interstellar medium (ISM), or is most likely originated by the collective emission of very soft stellar sources. To this purpose, hydrodynamical evolutionary sequences for the secular behavior of gas flows in ellipticals have been performed, varying the Type Ia supernovae rate of explosion, and the dark matter amount and distribution. The results are compared with the observational X-ray data: the average Einstein spectrum for six X-ray faint early-type galaxies (among which are NG-C 4365 and NGC 4697), and the spectrum obtained by the ROSAT pointed observation of NGC 4365. The very soft component could be entirely explained with a hot ISM only in galaxies such as NGC 4697, i.e., when the depth of the potential well-on which the average ISM temperature strongly depends-is quite shallow; in NGC 4365 a diffuse hot ISM would have a temperature larger than that of the very soft component, because of the deeper potential well. So, in NGC 4365 the softest contribution to the X-ray emission comes certainly from stellar sources. As stellar soft X-ray emitters, we consider late-type stellar coronae, supersoft sources such as those discovered by ROSAT in the Magellanic Clouds and M31, and RS CVn systems. All these candidates can be substantial contributors to the very soft emission, though none of them, taken separately, plausibly accounts entirely for its properties. We finally present a model for the X-ray emission of NGC 4365, to reproduce in detail the results of the ROSAT pointed observation, including PSPC spectrum and radial surface brightness distribution. The present data may suggest that the X-ray surface brightness is more extended than the optical profile. In this case, a straightforward explanation in terms of stellar sources could be not satisfactory. The available data can be better explained with three different contributions: a very soft component of stellar origin, a hard component from X-ray binaries, and a approximately 0.6 keV hot ISM. The latter can explain the extended X-ray surface brightness profile, if the galaxy has a dark-to-luminous mass ratio of 9, with the dark matter very broadly distributed, and a SN Ia explosion rate of approximately 0.6 the Tammann rate. C1 DEPT ASTRON, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP EUROPEAN SO OBSERV, KARL SCHWARZSCHILD STR 2, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. NR 60 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 1 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1086/174305 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT958 UT WOS:A1994NT95800010 ER PT J AU KOO, BC LEE, Y FULLER, GA LEE, MG KWON, SM JUNG, JH AF KOO, BC LEE, Y FULLER, GA LEE, MG KWON, SM JUNG, JH TI A MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF IRAS 19550+3248 - A PROTOSTAR POSSIBLE FORMED BY A CLOUD-CLOUD COLLISION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INFRARED, ISM, CONTINUUM; ISM, CLOUDS; ISM, INDIVIDUAL (IRAS 19550+3248); ISM, MOLECULES; RADIO LINES, ISM; STARS, FORMATION ID CYLINDRICALLY SYMMETRICAL CONTRACTION; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; STAR FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DARK CLOUDS; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; DENSE CORES; TAURUS AB We have carried out radio, near-infrared, and optical observations of the IRAS point source IRAS 19550 + 3248. (CO)-C-12 j = 1-0 line observations revealed a high-velocity (HV) molecular outflow centered on IRAS 19550 + 3248. The HV gas has a bipolar pattern with the blue and red peaks separated by 1' along the north-south direction. The mechanical luminosity of the HV molecular outflow is approximately 9 x 10(31)d2 ergs s-1, and its dynamical age is approximately 5 x 10(4)d2 yr, where d2 is the distance to the source normalized to 2 kpc. Inside the 95% confidence ellipse of IRAS position, we have detected a nebulous K band source. The nebulosity extends to 0.1d2 pc in the east-west direction. In R and I bands, the source appears to be composed of two extended weak peaks shifted toward the blueshifted CO lobe from the peak position in K band. These near-infrared emission features are likely scattered stellar light. The infrared source has a steep spectral index between 2 and 25 mum (d log [nuF(nu)]/d log nu = -0.93), which indicates that it is a protostar deeply embedded in a dense molecular cloud core. The bolometric luminosity based on R, I, H, and K band photometry together with the IRAS data is 150d2(2)L.. IRAS 19550 + 3248 is located at the center of a small (4' x 7') dense molecular clump. The clump is at the tip of a long (approximately 1-degrees) filamentary molecular cloud. The molecular cloud is composed of clumps which are not confined by gravity and nor, probably, by external pressure. The characteristic timescale for dispersal is approximately 6 x 10(6) yr. We suggest cloud-cloud collision as a possible mechanism for the disruption of the cloud and for the formation of IRAS 19550 + 3248. C1 NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. KANGWON NATL UNIV,DEPT SCI EDUC,CHUNCHON 200701,SOUTH KOREA. DAEDUK RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,TAEJON 305348,SOUTH KOREA. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,FIVE COLL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP KOO, BC (reprint author), SEOUL NATL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,SEOUL 151742,SOUTH KOREA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 429 IS 1 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1086/174314 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT958 UT WOS:A1994NT95800019 ER PT J AU RAPPOLE, JH MCDONALD, MV AF RAPPOLE, JH MCDONALD, MV TI CAUSE AND EFFECT IN POPULATION DECLINES OF MIGRATORY BIRDS SO AUK LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN VERACRUZ; WOOD THRUSH; HABITAT; PATTERNS AB Population declines have been reported for nearly one-third of all Nearctic migrant birds that winter in the Neotropics. Speculative explanations for these reports have been presented emphasizing the importance of events occurring during one portion of the annual cycle versus another. These explanations are difficult to test directly. However, certain predictions can be regarding the characteristics of populations controlled by breeding-ground factors as opposed to those associated with migration or wintering-ground phenomena. These characteristics can be measured for and tested experimentally on a species-by-species basis. We present 14 such predictions, and review data currently available to assess their relevance to observed declines. Based on these data, populations of many species of Nearctic migrants appear to be controlled by wintering-ground events. RP RAPPOLE, JH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, CONSERVAT & RES CTR, FRONT ROYAL, VA 22630 USA. NR 73 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 1994 VL 111 IS 3 BP 652 EP 660 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PM425 UT WOS:A1994PM42500015 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, R ORTIZ, JS AF GREENBERG, R ORTIZ, JS TI INTERSPECIFIC DEFENSE OF PASTURE TREES BY WINTERING YELLOW WARBLERS SO AUK LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN REDSTARTS; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATIONS; FOREST; TERRITORIALITY; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS AB Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) defend small territories in isolated patches of trees in cattle pastures in the Lacandon Forest of Chiapas, Mexico. We observed interspecific aggression much more frequently than intraspecific aggression. Although aggression by Yellow Warblers was directed at a minimum of 37 species, resident and migrant alike, attacks on Magnolia Warblers (Dendroica magnolia) comprised 35% of the total observed. We found that individual Magnolia Warblers use overlapping home ranges where one warbler tends to be the predominant occupant of a single Yellow Warbler territory. Overlap between neighbors was promoted by the aggressive chasing of Yellow Warblers. Arthropos were twice as abundant in the canopy as in understory shrubs. Exclosure experiments showed that birds harvested approximately 80% of the arthropods available in the canopy and 50% of those available in the understory vegetation. Yellow Warbler defense may be responsible for this difference in density in foliage arthropods between the canopy and understory. To avoid aggression, subordinate species depended on the presence of refugia, comprised of dense understory vegetation. Maintaining the structural heterogeneity of arroyo vegetation may provide critical habitat for many species of migratory birds in cattle pastures. Taken together, the interspecific aggression, intraspecific territoriality, and high rates of resource depletion indicate that competition plays an important role in determining the carrying capacity of second-growth remnants for migratory birds and their use of habitats. C1 UNIV MICHOACANA SAN NICOLAS HIDALGO,MORELIA,MICHOACAN,MEXICO. RP GREENBERG, R (reprint author), NATL ZOOL PK,SMITHSONIAN MIGRATORY BIRD CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 1994 VL 111 IS 3 BP 672 EP 682 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PM425 UT WOS:A1994PM42500017 ER PT J AU WEIL, E KNOWLTON, N AF WEIL, E KNOWLTON, N TI A MULTI-CHARACTER ANALYSIS OF THE CARIBBEAN CORAL MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS (ELLIS AND SOLANDER, 1786) AND ITS 2 SIBLING SPECIES, M-FAVEOLATA (ELLIS AND SOLANDER, 1786) AND M-FRANKSI (GREGORY, 1895) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF-BUILDING CORAL; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSION; GROWTH-RATES; DEPTH; ZOOXANTHELLAE; REPRODUCTION; BERMUDA; IMPACT; RECORD AB Wide variability in colony morphology of Montastraea annularis has traditionally been viewed as a largely phenotypic response to variation in environmental conditions. This perspective is challenged, however, by the coexistence of discrete colony morphologies at the same sites, often with little evidence of intermediate forms. Differences among colony morphotypes in proteins, aggressive reactions, and corallite morphology define three broadly sympatric shallow-water species. We redescribe the species that corresponds to the type specimen of M. annularis and two previously synonymized species, M. faveolata and M. franksi. Montastraea franksi is distinguished by larger unevenly arrayed polyps that give the colony its characteristic irregular surface. Colony form is variable, and the skeleton is dense with poorly developed annual bands. Montastraea faveolata grows in heads or sheets, the surface of which may be smooth or have keels or bumps. Septa are highly exsert, and the skeleton is much less dense than in the other two species. Montastraea annularis grows in columns that exhibit rapid and regular upward growth. In contrast to the other species, margins on the sides of columns are typically senescent. A dominance hierarchy characterizes short-term aggressive reactions and can be used to identify these species in the field; M. annularis is the least aggressive and M. franksi the most aggressive. The species overlap broadly at intermediate depths, although M. faveolata has the shallowest distribution and M. franksi the deepest. Montastraea faveolata is the most distinctive species biochemically. Substantial biological differences among the species require that they be distinguished in future studies. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002. FDN CIENT LOS ROQUES,CARACAS 1010A,VENEZUELA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 74 TC 149 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 55 IS 1 BP 151 EP 175 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PG799 UT WOS:A1994PG79900008 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI CYBERARTS - EXPLORING ART AND TECHNOLOGY - JACOBSON,L SO CD-ROM PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEMBERTON PRESS INC PI WILTON PA 462 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-2126 SN 1049-0833 J9 CD-ROM PROF JI CD-ROM Prof. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NV258 UT WOS:A1994NV25800037 ER PT J AU GERTZ, J BLAINE, S AF GERTZ, J BLAINE, S TI PRESERVATION OF PRINTED MUSIC - THE COLUMBIA-UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES SCORES CONDITION SURVEY SO FONTES ARTIS MUSICAE LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,PRESERVAT SERV DEPT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GERTZ, J (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A-R EDITIONS PI MADISON PA 801 DEMING WAY, MADISON, WI 53717 SN 0015-6191 J9 FONTES ARTIS MUSICAE JI Fontes Artis Musicae PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 41 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 PG 9 WC Music SC Music GA QT883 UT WOS:A1994QT88300004 ER PT J AU TONG, CYE BLUNDELL, R AF TONG, CYE BLUNDELL, R TI AN ANNULAR SLOT ANTENNA ON A DIELECTRIC HALF-SPACE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID ASTRONOMY AB The radiation properties of both singly and multiply fed annular slot antennas on a dielectric/air interface have been analyzed using Galerkin's method applied in the Hankel transform domain. The validity of our method has been confirmed through comparison with both theoretical and experimental results. The magic slot configuration has also been studied. The polarization diversity of this radiator makes it suitable for implementing a quasioptical balanced mixer. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP TONG, CYE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,SUBMILLIMETER RECEIVER LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1109/8.299599 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA PA188 UT WOS:A1994PA18800010 ER PT J AU KE, W TONG, CYE SAGUET, P AF KE, W TONG, CYE SAGUET, P TI TRANSVERSE TRANSMISSION THEORY FOR MULTILAYER PLANAR MICROWAVE CIRCUITS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-DOMAIN; CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE; LINE CHARACTERISTICS AB Transverse transmission concepts in the Fourier transform domain for multilayer planar transmission medium are presented. This complete transverse transmission theory (TTT) is found to be a superset of different Fourier-transform-based numerical techniques widely used in guided wave analysis, namely the mode-matching method and the spectral-domain approach. The features of the theory are: the expansion of field quantities in longitudinal section (LSE/LSM) modes, the concept of rotation of the transverse field vectors, and a comprehensive algorithm using recursive matrix standard form. It is shown that the mode-matching method and spectral-domain approach are generally equivalent except for the last step of imposing the final boundary conditions, and can therefore be summarized in a unified theory within the framework of TTT. In addition, a new parameter, the polarization coefficient, has been introduced to describe the field polarization of the guided wave in a quantitative manner. It is believed that the present theory will help us to gain more insight into hybrid mode propagation in multilayer planar circuits. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ECOLE NATL SUPER ELECTR & RADIOELECT,ELECTROMAGNETISME MICROONDES & OPTOELECTR LAB,F-38016 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP KE, W (reprint author), ECOLE POLYTECH MONTREAL,DEPT GENIE ELECT & GENIE INFORMAT,CP 6079,SUCCURSALE CTR VILLE,MONTREAL H3C 3A7,PQ,CANADA. OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0894-3370 J9 INT J NUMER MODEL EL JI Int. J. Numer. Model.-Electron. Netw. Device Fields PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 225 EP 238 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA PA302 UT WOS:A1994PA30200001 ER PT J AU MURRAY, JE YOSHINO, K ESMOND, JR PARKINSON, WH SUN, Y DALGARNO, A THORNE, AP COX, G AF MURRAY, JE YOSHINO, K ESMOND, JR PARKINSON, WH SUN, Y DALGARNO, A THORNE, AP COX, G TI VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY OF THE DELTA(0,0) AND BETA(7,0) BANDS OF NO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCHUMANN-RUNGE BANDS; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SOLAR-RADIATION; ABSORPTION; DISSOCIATION; PHOTOLYSIS; OXYGEN AB The combined band oscillator strength of the delta(0,0) and beta(7,0) bands of nitric oxide has been measured in absorption by utilizing a vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer to resolve the rotational line profiles. We give accurate rotational line positions of the delta(0,0) and beta(7,0) bands, and improved term values up to J=19.5 for the C (2) Pi(upsilon = 0) and J=8.5 for the B (2) Pi(upsilon = 7) levels, measured from the ground state. A deperturbation procedure has been used on the mixed levels, and the calculated molecular constants are in good agreement with previous work. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. RP MURRAY, JE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1063/1.468118 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA NT521 UT WOS:A1994NT52100007 ER PT J AU COOKSY, AL WATSON, JKG GOTTLIEB, CA THADDEUS, P AF COOKSY, AL WATSON, JKG GOTTLIEB, CA THADDEUS, P TI THE STRUCTURE OF THE HCCCO RADICAL - ROTATIONAL SPECTRA AND HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE OF MONOSUBSTITUTED ISOTOPOMERS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; MILLIMETER-WAVE; PROPADIENONE; SPECTROSCOPY; HCO AB Rotational spectra of six isotopomers of the propynonyl radical-HCCCO, DCCCO, (HCCCO)-C-13, (HCCCO)-C-13, (HCCCO)-C-13, and (HCCCO)-O-18-have been measured and analyzed, yielding the geometry and leading hyperfine constants of its (2)A' vibronic ground state. The radical is found to have an acetylenic carbon chain with the unpaired electron strongly localized on the carbon atom C-c, with the carbon atom positions labeled according to HCaCbCcO. The geometry, assumed to be fully trans, is given by the parameters theta(HCC) = 168 degrees theta(CCC) = 163 degrees, theta(CCO) = 136.5 degrees, r(HCa) = 1.060 Angstrom, r(CaCb) = 1.219 Angstrom, r(CbCc) = 1.387 Angstrom, and r(CcO) = 1.192 Angstrom. The Fermi contact hyperfine constants are a(c)(H) = -11.593(41) MHz, a(c)(C-13(a)) = 35.8(1.4) MHz, a(c)(C-13(b)) = 166.2(3.8) MHz, and a(c)(C-13(c)) = 347.6(3.2) MHz, where dipolar terms in the proton and C-13(a) hyperfine structure have been neglected. No evidence of other HCCCO isomers is found in the spectra, although ab initio calculations identify a second minimum at a cumulenic structure with the unpaired electron localized at atom C-a. Brief investigation of the formation mechanism for HCCCO from C2H2 and CO in our apparatus indicates that roughly half the HCCCO is formed without breaking the CO bond. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS,OTTAWA K1A 0R6,ON,CANADA. HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 101 IS 1 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1063/1.468493 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA NT521 UT WOS:A1994NT52100019 ER PT J AU POTTS, R AF POTTS, R TI VARIABLES VERSUS MODELS OF EARLY PLEISTOCENE HOMINID LAND-USE SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE EARLY HOMINID BEHAVIOR; PALEOLANDSCAPE; CENTRAL PLACE; STONE CACHE; ROUTED FORAGING; RIPARIAN WOODLAND; PALEOENVIRONMENT; STONE TOOLS; ANIMAL BONES; OLORGESAILIE; OLDUVAI; EAST TURKANA; NATURAL SELECTION; VARIABILITY; PALEOECOLOGY ID SCAVENGING NICHE; OLDUVAI GORGE; OLDOWAN; KENYA; SITES AB Alternative reconstructions, or models, have been advanced to explain the archeological behavior patterns of early toolmakers in East Africa. Current models include central place foraging (home bases), multiple place foraging at stone caches, routed foraging, and riparian woodland scavenging. These models imply that certain socioecological variables affected hominid attraction to specific places. Such factors include social cohesion, predator avoidance, costs of stone transport, habitat patch choice, and tethering of toolmakers to fixed resources. When viewed as alternative hypotheses, however, these models become static and miss possible simultaneous effects of variables on early hominid behaviors. A paleolandscape study of excavated artefacts and habitat indicators in Member 1 (ca. 0.99 Ma) of the Olorgesailie Formation, Kenya, illustrates the interplay of these variables in comparison with other Plio-Pleistocene contexts: (1) resource tethering was important for some raw materials and possibly handaxes, but not for other components of the artefact assemblage; (2) stone transport varied greatly among different basin contexts; (3) overlap with predators was minimal at Olorgesailie but large in Bed I Olduvai; (4) no specific correlation between hominid traces and microhabitat is evident at Olorgesailie; (5) no clear spatial indications of human social aggregation (e.g., shelters, hearths, activity areas) have been found. Diverse sedimentary basins can be expected to differ in the strength of these factors. Growing awareness of variability in Plio-Pleistocene contexts changes the pursuit of archeology away from the single best reconstruction toward an understanding of environment-behavior covariation. Geographic and temporal variations in hominid land use suggest that natural selection may have entailed responses to habitat and resource variability, not merely consistent selection pressure or adaptation to a model environment. C1 NATL MUSEUMS KENYA, NAIROBI, KENYA. RP POTTS, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ANTHROPOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 45 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 24 DI 10.1006/jhev.1994.1033 PG 18 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA PB758 UT WOS:A1994PB75800002 ER PT J AU WARD, DC AF WARD, DC TI THE CULTIVATION OF HATRED - THE BOURGEOIS EXPERIENCE - VICTORIA TO FREUD - GAY,P SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP WARD, DC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA MILITARY INST PI LEXINGTON PA LEXINGTON, VA 24450 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 532 EP 533 DI 10.2307/2944149 PG 2 WC History SC History GA NU791 UT WOS:A1994NU79100019 ER PT J AU DUFFIELD, RM FLINT, OS NELSON, CH AF DUFFIELD, RM FLINT, OS NELSON, CH TI GLOSSOSOMA VERDONA (GLOSSOSOMATIDAE, TRICHOPTERA) IN THE DIET OF BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS) IN LIBBY CREEK, WYOMING, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STREAM AB Dietary samples from brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, were analyzed to obtain information on the life history of the caddisfly, Glossosoma verdona Ross. The 220 samples that were obtained from brook trout from mid-May through mid-August contained 14,220 dietary items. Of these, 44 samples contained a total of 541 pharate, teneral, and mature adults of Glossosoma verdona. Analysis of the samples indicates that brook trout feed on G. verdona at a minimum of two periods in its life history, emergence and oviposition. The former occurs at a peak period during mid-June, whereas the latter occurs from late June to mid-July. The absence of G. verdona larvae in the diet of the brook trout is attributed to the absence of this stage in the stream during the sampling period. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT BIOL & ENVIRONM SCI,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. RP DUFFIELD, RM (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 67 IS 3 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QB257 UT WOS:A1994QB25700007 ER PT J AU FURTH, DG AF FURTH, DG TI A NEW CASE OF PARTHENOGENESIS IN BEETLES - LONGITARSUS MELANURUS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Parthenogenesis as previously known in five genera of Chrysomelidae (Leaf Beetles) is reviewed. Evidence is presented for a new case of parthenogenesis in Chrysomelidae, Longitarsus melanurus (Melsheimer), recorded feeding on an introduced plant, Echium vulgare Linnaeus (Boraginaceae), in Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. RP FURTH, DG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,NHB 169,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 102 IS 3 BP 310 EP 317 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QP378 UT WOS:A1994QP37800004 ER PT J AU PAKALUK, J CARLOW, TA AF PAKALUK, J CARLOW, TA TI DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF AN UNIDENTIFIED SPECIES OF CERATOPUS SCHOENHERR, WITH COMMENTS ON PLANT ASSOCIATIONS IN CERATOPODINAE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The larva of an unidentified species of Ceratopus Schoenherr is described, and important structural features are illustrated. Larvae of Ceratopus have been collected repeatedly, and reared, from the fruits of species of Ficus (Moraceae) in Middle America. This represents the first larval description for a member of the subfamily Ceratopodinae. Known plant associations for this subfamily are summarized. RP PAKALUK, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,USDA,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 102 IS 3 BP 350 EP 354 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QP378 UT WOS:A1994QP37800007 ER PT J AU AGORAMOORTHY, G RUDRAN, R AF AGORAMOORTHY, G RUDRAN, R TI FIELD APPLICATION OF TELAZOL(R) (TILETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND ZOLAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDE) TO IMMOBILIZE WILD RED HOWLER MONKEYS (ALOUATTA-SENICULUS) IN VENEZUELA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE RED HOWLER MONKEY; ALOUATTA SENICULUS; TILETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; ZOLAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDE; KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION; FIELD CAPTURE AB Telazol(R) (TEL) (tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride combination) was used to immobilize 50 wild red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in Venezuela between October 1989 and February 1991. The mean (+/-SD) dosages of TEL used for adult males and adult females were 22.4 (+/-7.3) mg/kg and 22.5 (+/-5.0) mg/kg, respectively. Juveniles of both sexes received a mean dose of 30.5 (+/-5.6) mg/kg. The induction time for TEL ranged from 1 to 6.2 min. Thirteen animals were given an additional dosage of ketamine hydrochloride manually when they recovered from the first injection of TEL. Total recovery times ranged from 39 to 308 min. There were no apparent side effects to the fetuses of two pregnant females. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. FPM,RED HOWLER PROJECT,CALABOZO 2312A,VENEZUELA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 417 EP 420 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NY684 UT WOS:A1994NY68400016 PM 7933286 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI JOHNS,JASPER - CRICHTON,M SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIBS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 119 IS 12 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NX417 UT WOS:A1994NX41700066 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI RODIN IN HIS TIME - THE CANTOR GIFTS TO THE LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY-MUSEUM-OF-ART - LEVKOFF,ML SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIBS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 119 IS 12 BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NX417 UT WOS:A1994NX41700074 ER PT J AU RILEY, S AF RILEY, S TI ALOHA - CHRISTENSEN,M SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP RILEY, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIBS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 119 IS 12 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NX417 UT WOS:A1994NX41700291 ER PT J AU JAECKLE, WB AF JAECKLE, WB TI RATES OF ENERGY-CONSUMPTION AND ACQUISITION BY LECITHOTROPHIC LARVAE OF BUGULA-NERITINA (BRYOZOA, CHEILOSTOMATA) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; DELAYED METAMORPHOSIS; HALIOTIS-RUFESCENS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; SEAWATER; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; GASTROPODS AB Lecithotrophic larvae of the cheilostome bryozoan, Bugula neritina (L;), lose metamorphic competence 12 to 24 h after release from the maternal zooid. The high respiration rate of newly released larvae (mean=306.3 pmol O-2 larva(-1) h(-1), range=149.3 to 466.6, n=18 trials, 22.5 degrees C) from adults collected at Link Port, Fort Pierce, Florida during the winter/spring of 1990-1991 reflects their active swimming behavior. The average energy content per larva was 15.24 mJ (range: 13.35 to 20.17 mJ ind(-1), n=5 groups). If all cells have an identical energy content and metabolic rate, then 2 and 20% of the total energy content would be consumed by the onset (2 h post-release) and the loss (24 h post-release) of metamorphic competence. Larvae of B. neritina are a composite of both larval and juvenile tissues and the loss of metamorphic competence may be due to regional depletion of labile energy stores in transitory ''larval'' cells, particularly the ciliated cells that comprise the locomotory organ, the corona. Although ''nonfeeding'', B. neritina larvae can acquire nutrients from the environment in the form of dissolved organic materials (DOM) in seawater. Both the amino acid alanine and the fatty acid palmitic acid can be transported from seawater ([S]=1 mu M, 22.5 degrees C). The rates of alanine influx (appearance of label in tissue) averaged 0.366 pmol larva(-1) h(-1) and, based on comparisons between rates of solute transport and metabolism, would contribute little (<1% of required energy) to offset the metabolic demand. The average rate of palmitic acid influx was 4.668 pmol larva(-1) h-l and, assuming that the measured influx equals the net solute flux, could account for 21 to 72% of energy requirements. These data suggest that the duration of planktonic life of B. neritina larvae is principally regulated by the amount of endogenous energy stores, but may be modulated by available DOM in seawater. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 119 IS 4 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1007/BF00354313 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PA540 UT WOS:A1994PA54000004 ER PT J AU MARVIN, UB AF MARVIN, UB TI ON WRITING HISTORY OF SCIENCE SO METEORITICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP MARVIN, UB (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 431 EP 433 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NW884 UT WOS:A1994NW88400001 ER PT J AU MACPHERSON, GJ DAVIS, AM IVANOV, A AF MACPHERSON, GJ DAVIS, AM IVANOV, A TI REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS IN THE KAIDUN CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE BRECCIA SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. VERNADSKY GEOCHEM & ANALYT CHEM INST,MOSCOW 117975,RUSSIA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 494 EP 494 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NW884 UT WOS:A1994NW88400117 ER PT J AU MARVIN, UB AF MARVIN, UB TI CHLADNI,ERNST,F.F. (1756-1827) AND THE BEGINNINGS OF METEORITICS SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 496 EP 497 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NW884 UT WOS:A1994NW88400122 ER PT J AU PETAEV, MI BREARLEY, AJ AF PETAEV, MI BREARLEY, AJ TI EXSOLUTION OF FERROMAGNESIAN OLIVINE IN THE DIVNOE METEORITE SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV NEW MEXICO,INST METEROIT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 518 EP 519 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NW884 UT WOS:A1994NW88400164 ER PT J AU PETAEV, MI AF PETAEV, MI TI METAMORPHIC REACTIONS IN THE CHAUNSKIJ MESOSIDERITE SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NW884 UT WOS:A1994NW88400163 ER PT J AU PODOSEK, FA OTT, U BRANNON, JC BERNATOWICZ, TJ NEAL, CR ALEXANDER, C MACPHERSON, GJ AF PODOSEK, FA OTT, U BRANNON, JC BERNATOWICZ, TJ NEAL, CR ALEXANDER, C MACPHERSON, GJ TI DISTRIBUTION OF CR ANOMALIES IN CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAX PLANCK INST CHEM,D-55128 MAINZ,GERMANY. WASHINGTON UNIV,MCDONNELL CTR SPACE SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NW884 UT WOS:A1994NW88400166 ER PT J AU WOOD, JA AF WOOD, JA TI CHONDRULE AND CHONDRITE FORMATION - MAJOR UNRESOLVED ISSUES SO METEORITICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 553 EP 553 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NW884 UT WOS:A1994NW88400234 ER PT J AU KUIJKEN, K DUBINSKI, J AF KUIJKEN, K DUBINSKI, J TI LOWERED EVANS MODELS - ANALYTIC DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS OF OBLATE HALO POTENTIALS SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE METHODS, NUMERICAL; CELESTIAL MECHANICS, STELLAR DYNAMICS; GALAXIES, ELLIPTIC AND LENTICULAR, CD; GALAXIES, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; GALAXIES, STRUCTURE ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; GALAXIES AB We describe an analytic distribution function of a finite, oblate stellar system, which is useful for the practical modelling of dark haloes. The function is determined by lowering Evans's distribution function of a flattened, cored isothermal system in analogy with the lowering of the singular, isothermal sphere in the definition of the King models. We derive analytic expressions for the density, maximal streaming velocity and velocity dispersion profiles as functions of the potential. As for the King models, the potential must be calculated numerically. We also present a recipe for generating N-body realizations of this distribution function, and examine the stability in three models with dimensionless spins lambda = 0.0, 0.05 and 0.18 using N-body simulations with 50 000 particles. The lambda = 0.18 model is unstable to the formation of a triaxial bar within approximately 5 King radii, while the other models appear stable. We conclude that the slowly rotating systems are useful for modelling flattened dark haloes. RP KUIJKEN, K (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NV138 UT WOS:A1994NV13800006 ER PT J AU WILKINSON, PN NARAYAN, R SPENCER, RE AF WILKINSON, PN NARAYAN, R SPENCER, RE TI THE SCATTER-BROADENED IMAGE OF CYGNUS-X-3 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE PLASMAS; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; TURBULENCE; TECHNIQUES, INTERFEROMETRIC; ISM, MAGNETIC FIELDS; ISM, STRUCTURE ID REFRACTIVE INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION; RADIO-SOURCE; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; PULSAR SCINTILLATION; SOLAR-WIND; TURBULENCE; PROPAGATION; EXPANSION; SPECTRUM; PLASMA AB We have made observations of the highly scatter-broadened image of Cygnus X-3, using MERLIN at both 408 and 1692 MHz. At each frequency the shape of the image is close to that of an elliptical Gaussian, but the ellipticity and the position angle are frequency-dependent. We interpret the variable elongation of the scattering disc as being due to scale-dependent anisotropy in the scattering medium arising from variations in the direction of the projected interstellar magnetic field. From the scale on which the anisotropy changes we derive a value for the outer scale of turbulent density fluctuations, r(out) is similar to few X 10(11) km approximately 0.01 pc. Cyg X-3 is the third source for which the scattering disc has been shown to be markedly elliptical for at least one wavelength. This suggests that anisotropy in the turbulent ISM may be a widespread phenomenon, and emphasizes the importance of extending scattering theory to include its effects on observations. At both frequencies our interferometer data show an excess of correlated flux density at large baselines compared with that expected from a pure Gaussian image profile. This excess visibility power is due to weak image granulation and was predicted for a power-law spectrum of turbulence by Goodman & Narayan. From the amplitude of the excess visibility power we constrain the exponent in the power-law spectrum to be < 3.83. This is consistent with several other indications for a 'shallow' spectrum, i.e. an exponent below 4. In the rest of the analysis we have assumed an exponent of 11/3, which corresponds to a Kolmogorov spectrum. We employ three different methods to estimate the inner scale r(in) of the density power spectrum in the scattering screen in front of Cyg X-3: (i) from the wavelength-dependence of scatter-broadening; (ii) from the visibility as a function of those baselines where the source is moderately resolved; and (iii) from the excess power in the visibility on baselines where the source is highly resolved. From a combination of the results from methods (ii) and (iii) we cautiously constrain r(in) for this line of sight to lie in the range 10(2) < r(in) < 10(5.5) km. Future MERLIN and VLBI measurements should be able to place better constraints on the spectrum of density fluctuations, using the analysis methods we present here. However, in view of the subtlety of the effects being sought, obtaining data of the requisite quality will always present a significant observational challenge. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP WILKINSON, PN (reprint author), UNIV MANCHESTER,NUFFIELD RADIO ASTRON LABS,JODRELL BANK,MACCLESFIELD SK11 9DL,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 1 BP 67 EP 88 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NV138 UT WOS:A1994NV13800011 ER PT J AU MAOZ, E AF MAOZ, E TI A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR THE PECULIAR CORRELATIONS IN THE ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter DE GAMMA-RAYS, BURSTS AB It has been recently discovered that the angular autocorrelation function of gamma-ray bursts exhibits sharp peaks at angular separations of theta less than or similar to 4-degrees and theta greater than or similar to 176-degrees. These results were based on the publicly available BATSE catalogue. While an excess of very close pairs of bursts can naturally arise from burst repetition or from a spatial correlation of the burst sources, a physical explanation for an angular correlation on a scale of congruent-to 180-degrees seems inconceivable. We show that the sharp peaks in the correlation function, both at very small and at very large angular separations, can be explained by a possible observational bias (or a selection effect). An analysis of the burst distribution, as observed in the GRO reference frame, also suggests the presence of a bias in the data that is caused by the experiment itself. We emphasize that the only motivation for suggesting the existence of this bias is the features found in the angular autocorrelation functions. The possibility that bursts repeat is not ruled out. The natural way in which such bias, if it exists, explains both sharp peaks, and its potential importance for the interpretation of the BATSE results, makes the bias hypothesis worth considering. RP MAOZ, E (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MS 51,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 1 BP L1 EP L5 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NV138 UT WOS:A1994NV13800001 ER PT J AU WOLDA, H DENNIS, B TAPER, ML AF WOLDA, H DENNIS, B TAPER, ML TI DENSITY-DEPENDENCE TESTS, AND LARGELY FUTILE COMMENTS - ANSWERS TO HOLYOAK AND LAWTON (1993) AND HANSKI, WOIWOD AND PERRY (1993) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Note ID MIGRATION; MOTH; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; INSECTS; MEXICO; TRAPS; APHID C1 UNIV IDAHO,MOSCOW,ID 83843. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP WOLDA, H (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO AA,MIAMI,FL 34002, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 1994 VL 98 IS 2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1007/BF00341476 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW266 UT WOS:A1994NW26600015 PM 28313981 ER PT J AU COTE, R DALGARNO, A JAMIESON, MJ AF COTE, R DALGARNO, A JAMIESON, MJ TI ELASTIC-SCATTERING OF 2 LI-7 ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATES; ENERGY; LI2 AB Interaction potentials for the X 1SIGMA(g)+ and a 3SIGMA(u)+ states of Li2 are constructed and used in calculations of the elastic scattering of two Li-7 atoms at ultralow temperatures. The extreme sensitivity of the cross sections to the details of the interaction potentials is demonstrated. The calculated elastic and spin-change cross sections are very large, of the order of 10(-13) cm2 at zero temperature. The predicted scattering length for the triplet state is negative with a value of -17.2a0. Pronounced shape resonances appear at energies of 4.9 X 10(-8) a.u. in the singlet scattering and 5.5 X 10(-7) a.U. in the triplet scattering. C1 UNIV GLASGOW,DEPT COMP SCI,GLASGOW G12 8QQ,SCOTLAND. RP COTE, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 16 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.399 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA NX001 UT WOS:A1994NX00100050 ER PT J AU THARAMEL, J KHARCHENKO, VA DALGARNO, A AF THARAMEL, J KHARCHENKO, VA DALGARNO, A TI RESONANT CHARGE-TRANSFER IN COLLISIONS BETWEEN POSITIVE-IONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION PERTURBATION-THEORY; ATOM COLLISIONS; EXCHANGE ENERGY AB We present a numerical evaluation of the resonant charge-transfer cross sections for ions of various positive charges. In the calculations we introduce trajectory parameters through the expression for the instantaneous velocity of the projectile. Subsequent analysis reveals the existence of a natural scaling law by which cross sections of ion-ion collisions can be generated from the isoelectronic ion-atom charge-exchange cross section. We obtain a set of simple formulas useful for a semiquantitative description of the features of such cross section curves and we discuss the oscillatory structure of the cross sections. C1 ST PETERSBURG TECH UNIV,ST PETERSBURG 195251,RUSSIA. RP THARAMEL, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 496 EP 501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.50.496 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA NX001 UT WOS:A1994NX00100062 ER PT J AU MATHIS, WN AF MATHIS, WN TI A REVISION OF THE SHORE-FLY GENUS CLASIOPELLA HENDEL (DIPTERA, EPHYDRIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; EPHYDRIDAE; SHORE FLIES; CLASIOPELLA; PHYLOGENY AB The shore-fly genus Clasiopella Hendel is revised. Clasiopella, now placed in the tribe Discomyzini (subfamily Discomyzinae), had been monotypic, with C. uncinata Hendel as its only included species. Herein, C. austra is described (Australia. NSW: Careel Bay, Avalon (mangrove)), and the placement of Clasiopella in the classification of Ephydridae is briefly discussed. RP MATHIS, WN (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,NHB 169,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 96 IS 3 BP 454 EP 465 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PD106 UT WOS:A1994PD10600006 ER PT J AU PARSONS, TJ OLSON, SL BRAUN, MJ AF PARSONS, TJ OLSON, SL BRAUN, MJ TI HYBRID ZONES AND SEXUAL SELECTION - REPLY SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. SMITHSONIAN INST, MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. RI Butlin, Roger/F-7709-2013 OI Butlin, Roger/0000-0003-4736-0954 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 265 IS 5168 BP 122 EP 123 DI 10.1126/science.265.5168.122-a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NV301 UT WOS:A1994NV30100044 PM 17774698 ER PT J AU ADAMS, RM AF ADAMS, RM TI ANCIENT SUMER, MODERN IRAQ SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP ADAMS, RM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 271 IS 1 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NT272 UT WOS:A1994NT27200024 ER PT J AU MULTHAUF, RP AF MULTHAUF, RP TI IRON AND STEEL IN ANCIENT-CHINA - WAGNER,DB SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 605 EP 606 DI 10.2307/3106269 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA PP516 UT WOS:A1994PP51600006 ER PT J AU MILES, EG AF MILES, EG TI THE COUNTER-ARTS CONSPIRACY - ART AND INDUSTRY IN THE AGE OF BLAKE - EAVES,M SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP MILES, EG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL PORTRAIT GALLERY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 636 EP 637 DI 10.2307/3106288 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA PP516 UT WOS:A1994PP51600025 ER PT J AU WALLE, AH AF WALLE, AH TI FESTIVALS, SPECIAL EVENTS AND TOURISM - GETZ,D SO WESTERN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review RP WALLE, AH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CALIF FOLKLORE SOC PI POMONA PA WESTERN FOLKLORE DEPT OF ENGL/FOREIGN LANGUAGES 3801 W.TEMPLE AVENUE, POMONA, CA 91768-4010 SN 0043-373X J9 WESTERN FOLKLORE JI West. Folk. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 53 IS 3 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.2307/1499812 PG 2 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA PM139 UT WOS:A1994PM13900005 ER PT J AU DINEEN, JF HINES, AH AF DINEEN, JF HINES, AH TI LARVAL SETTLEMENT OF THE POLYHALINE BARNACLE BALANUS-EBURNEUS (GOULD) - CUE INTERACTIONS AND COMPARISONS WITH 2 ESTUARINE CONGENERS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADULT EXTRACT; BALANUS-EBURNEUS; BARNACLE; ESTUARY; SETTLEMENT; SALINITY ID DELAYED METAMORPHOSIS; AMPHITRITE; CIRRIPEDIA; BALANOIDES; SURVIVAL; SURFACE; DARWIN; GROWTH; FLOW AB The effect of salinity on larval settlement of the polyhaline estuarine barnacle Balanus eburneus (Gould) was investigated by challenging laboratory reared cyprids to settle (permanently attach and metamorphose) under a number of permutations of salinity and adult extract (settlement factor). When cyprids were exposed to an array of salinities ranging from 2 to 35 ppt in the presence of conspecific extract adsorbed to slate panels, maximum settlement occurred at salinities of 15 and 20 ppt. In the absence of adult extract, few larvae settled at any salinity. No differences in settlement frequencies across the array of test salinities were observed between replicate aliquots within a cyprid batch, but significant differences in settlement were observed between batches of cyprids. When settlement of newly molted cyprids was contrasted with that of cyprids forced to postpone metamorphosis, settlement peaked at 20 and 15 ppt salinity, respectively, and overall settlement levels of the ''delayed'' cohort increased. B. eburneus cyprids settled significantly more frequently on substrata adsorbed with conspecific extract than on substrata adsorbed with extract from B. improvisus (Darwin) or B. subalbidus (Henry), but settlement on these latter two treatments did not differ. Although post-settlement processes cannot be overlooked, our results indicate that larval behavior at settlement could play a substantial role in determining adult distribution of B. eburneus along the estuarine salinity gradient. Contrasting settlement patterns of B. eburneus with those obtained previously for mesohaline B. improvisus and oligohaline B. subalbidus indicates that settlement behavior of the former two species could be influential in structuring their distribution, whereas pre-settlement behavior could be a determining factor in B. subalbidus distribution. RP DINEEN, JF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUN 29 PY 1994 VL 179 IS 2 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0022-0981(94)90116-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NY111 UT WOS:A1994NY11100006 ER PT J AU OROURKE, SFC CROTHERS, DSF AF OROURKE, SFC CROTHERS, DSF TI ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF THE GENERALIZED KUMMER EXPONENTIAL MODEL SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STUECKELBERG AB A new two-state exactly solvable Kummer model embracing three non-adiabatic parameters is presented. Application of phase-integral techniques gives a simple interpretation of the semi-classical scattering collision matrix, which is derived using both strong and weak coupling asymptotics of the generalized Kummer functions. On this basis simple analytic formulae are obtained for both elastic and inelastic transition probabilities which incorporate the effects of the classical turning point. The generalized Kummer model formula is shown to reduce correctly in certain limiting cases to yield other well known potential problems, which include the Rosen-Zener, Demkov, parabolic model formulae, symmetric resonance and also a two-parameter exponential limiting model of our three-parameter model. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP OROURKE, SFC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2497 EP 2509 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/27/12/008 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA NV917 UT WOS:A1994NV91700008 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, BP AF SCHMIDT, BP TI HOT PAPERS - ASTROPHYSICS - EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERES OF TYPE-II SUPERNOVAE AND THE EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE - SCHMIDT,BP, KIRSHNER,RP SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Article RP SCHMIDT, BP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD JUN 27 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 13 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NT849 UT WOS:A1994NT84900014 ER PT J AU HART, CW AF HART, CW TI LIGHT SNEEZE SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter RP HART, CW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC PI ELMONT PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD JUN 25 PY 1994 VL 142 IS 1931 BP U88 EP U88 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NU516 UT WOS:A1994NU51600052 ER PT J AU SPECTOR, DA AF SPECTOR, DA TI DEFINITION IN BIOLOGY - THE CASE OF BIRD SONG SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOCALIZATIONS RP SPECTOR, DA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUN 21 PY 1994 VL 168 IS 4 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1006/jtbi.1994.1117 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA NU372 UT WOS:A1994NU37200003 ER PT J AU MAOZ, E AF MAOZ, E TI THE EXPECTED DIPOLE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF COSMOLOGICAL GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, OBSERVATIONS; GAMMA RAYS, BURSTS AB If gamma-ray bursts originate at cosmological distances then their angular distribution should exhibit a dipole in the direction of the solar motion relative to the cosmic microwave background. This is due to the combined effects of aberration, an anisotropic shift of the burst event rate, and an angular variation in the distance out to which bursts can be detected. We derive the amplitude of the expected dipole for an OMEGA0 less-than-or-equal-to 1 cosmological model, and for various possible evolution rates of the burst population. Although our dimensionless velocity with respect to the CMB rest frame is of order 10(-3), the dipole amplitude is of order 10(-2), an order of magnitude larger. The results depend very weakly on the value of OMEGA0, but are sensitive to the spectral index of the bursts' photon spectra, and to the rate of evolution of the burst population. There is no dependence on the value of the Hubble constant. A clear detection of the dipole will require a larger sample of gamma-ray bursts than currently available (of order 10(4) bursts). Future statistical analyses of the hypothesis that bursts originate at cosmological distances should take this effect into account, rather than assuming a perfectly isotropic distribution, for obtaining the correct statistical significance of their results. RP MAOZ, E (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MS 51,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 2 BP 454 EP 457 DI 10.1086/174258 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NQ751 UT WOS:A1994NQ75100007 ER PT J AU DAVID, LP JONES, C FORMAN, W DAINES, S AF DAVID, LP JONES, C FORMAN, W DAINES, S TI MAPPING THE DARK-MATTER IN THE NGC-5044 GROUP WITH ROSAT - EVIDENCE FOR A NEARLY HOMOGENEOUS COOLING FLOW WITH A COOLING WAKE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COOLING FLOWS; DARK MATTER; GALAXIES, CLUSTERS, INDIVIDUAL (NGC-5044); INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; PERSEUS CLUSTER; COMA CLUSTER; THERMAL-INSTABILITY; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; INTRACLUSTER GAS; STAR FORMATION; HOT PLASMA; IRON AB The NGC 5044 group of galaxies was observed by the ROSAT PSPC for 30 ks during its reduced pointed phase (1991 July). Due to the relatively cool gas temperature in the group (kT = 0.98 +/- 0.02 keV) and the excellent photon statistics (65,000 net counts), we are able to determine precisely a number of fundamental properties of the group within 250 kpc of the central galaxy. In particular, we present model-independent measurements of the total gravitating mass, the temperature and abundance profiles of the gas, and the mass accretion rate. Between 60 and 250 kpc, the gas is nearly isothermal with T is-proportional-to r-0.13 +/- 0.03. The total gravitating mass of the group can be unambiguously determined from the observed density and temperature profiles of the gas using the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. Within 250 kpc, the gravitating mass is 1.6 x 10(13) M., yielding a mass-to-light ratio of 130 M./L.. The baryons (gas and stars) comprise 12% of the total mass within this radius. At small radii, the temperature clearly increases outward and attains a maximum value at 60 kpc. The positive temperature gradient in the center of the group confirms the existence of a cooling flow. The cooling flow region extends well beyond the temperature maximum with a cooling radius between 100 and 150 kpc. There are two distinct regions in the cooling flow separated by the temperature maximum. In the outer region, the gas is nearly isothermal with a uniform Fe abundance of approximately 80% solar, the flow is nearly homogeneous with M = 20-25 M. yr-1, the X-ray contours are spherically symmetric, and rho(gas) is-proportional-to r-1.6. In the inner region, the temperature profile has a positive gradient, the mass accretion rate decreases rapidly inward, the gas density profile is steeper, and the X-ray image shows some substructure. NGC 5044 is offset from the centroid of the outer X-ray contours indicating that the central galaxy may have a residual velocity with respect to the center of the group potential. There is also a linear X-ray feature with an extent of approximately 30 kpc with one end coincident with NGC 5044. The X-ray emisson from this feature is softer than the ambient gas. We interpret this feature as a ''cooling wake'' formed by the accreting gas as it is gravitationally focused into the wake of NGC 5044. One of the most surprising results of our PSPC observation is the discovery of a nearly homogeneous cooling flow. Prior results concerning the mass accretion profile in cooling flows indicate that M is-proportional-to r. This relation implies that significant mass deposition occurs at large radii which generates an inhomogeneous flow. The mass accretion rate in the NGC 5044 group is essentially a constant beyond 40 kpc (well within the cooling radius). Significant mass deposition (a declining M) does not commence until the gas accretes to within 40 kpc of the group center where the radiative cooling time is almost-equal-to 10(9) yr. This radius also corresponds to the temperature maximum, the break in the gas density profile, and the onset of structure in the X-ray image. A Hubble constant of H-0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1 is used throughout the paper. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. RP DAVID, LP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSER,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 67 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 2 BP 544 EP 554 DI 10.1086/174264 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NQ751 UT WOS:A1994NQ75100013 ER PT J AU TRINCHIERI, G KIM, DW FABBIANO, G CANIZARES, CRC AF TRINCHIERI, G KIM, DW FABBIANO, G CANIZARES, CRC TI ROSAT PSPC OBSERVATIONS OF NGC-4636 - INTERACTION WITH VIRGO GAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, CLUSTERS, INDIVIDUAL (VIRGO); GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (NGC-4636); GALAXIES, ISM; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; EMISSION; CLUSTERS; MODELS; MASS AB ROSAT PSPC observations of NGC 4636 have provided a deep image of the galaxy and its surroundings, which reveal the presence of emission well outside the optical galaxy. The source emission is measured out to r approximately 18', where the instrument support structure prevents us at this time from following it farther out. The nature of this emission is not fully understood, but could be evidence that the Virgo cluster ps extends as far out as this galaxy (> 3 Mpc from M87). Spectral analysis of the X-ray emission suggests a relatively cool (kT approximately 0.5-0.9 keV) interstellar medium, with temperatures increasing with radius. However, the detailed properties of the interstellar gas cannot be unambiguously determined with the present data, since the results we obtain depend strongly on the choice of the spectral model. Comparison of the spectral distributions in concentric annuli clearly indicates significant differences with radius, which can be parameterized as a general increase of the temperature. For low cosmic abundance models, kT varies from approximately 0.55 keV in the inner 1' to approximately 0.8 keV at r approximately 6'-8'. Outside 8' the average temperature is higher than in the inner region (kT approximately 0.8-1.2 keV) and the low-energy absorption is significantly lower. For 100% cosmic abundance and galactic line-of-sight absorption, multi-temperature fits are required, suggesting the possibility that the interstellar medium is inhomogeneous. C1 OSSERV ASTROFIS ARCETRI,FLORENCE,ITALY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CHUNGNAM NATL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON & SPACE SCI,TAEJON,SOUTH KOREA. MIT,CTR SPACE RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NR 25 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 2 BP 555 EP 573 DI 10.1086/174265 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NQ751 UT WOS:A1994NQ75100014 ER PT J AU YI, IS AF YI, IS TI MAGNETIC BRAKING IN SPIN EVOLUTION OF MAGNETIZED T-TAURI STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; STARS, MAGNETIC FIELDS; STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE; STARS, ROTATION ID ACCRETION; MODELS AB The spin rates of classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) are an order of magnitude smaller than the break-up rates despite their relatively long periods of mass accretion. We examine the idea of magnetic braking as a possible explanation for slow spin rates. During the pre-main-sequence Hayashi phase, a large number of combinations of plausible initial conditions lead to sufficiently small spin rates accounting for the observed slow spin rates. We show that this conclusion depends only weakly on type of stellar magnetic fields, time evolution of mass accretion rates, and initial conditions. The results suggest that the observed slow spin rates of CTTS may indeed be due to disk-star magnetic coupling and braking. We derive a simple constraint on strengths of initial (or constant) magnetic fields required for slow final spin rates. In the constant field case or in the evolving dynamo field case, an initial field strength B > a few hundred gauss is sufficient to achieve the final slow quasi-equilibrium spin rates within approximately 10(6) yr. This conclusion is valid unless the initial spin rates are very close to the break-up rates. The derived lower limits on B are consistent with those invoked for the Alfven winds. RP YI, IS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 2 BP 760 EP 764 DI 10.1086/174283 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NQ751 UT WOS:A1994NQ75100032 ER PT J AU LIU, WH DALGARNO, A AF LIU, WH DALGARNO, A TI SILICON MONOXIDE IN SN-1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INFRARED, STARS; MOLECULAR PROCESSES; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (SN-1987A); SUPERNOVAE, INDIVIDUAL (SN 1987A) ID SUPERNOVA 1987A; SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; PHOTOMETRY; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULES; SIO; RAY AB We model the infrared emission of silicon monoxide in SN 1987A from 257 to 519 days. Optical dept effects on the fundamental emission of SiO are significant and the vibrational level Populations of SiO fall out of thermal equilibrium. We solve the equations of statistical equilibrium and fit the observed spectra. The resulting mass of SiO in the supernova is a few times 10(-4) M.. It can be produced by chemistry models in which there is no mixing of helium into the oxygen-silicon region of the ejecta. RP LIU, WH (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 2 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1086/174285 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NQ751 UT WOS:A1994NQ75100034 ER PT J AU DORREN, JD GUINAN, EF AF DORREN, JD GUINAN, EF TI HD-129333 - THE SUN IN ITS INFANCY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, CHROMOSPHERES; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (HD-129333); ULTRAVIOLET, STARS ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; II H-EMISSION; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; DISTANT FUTURE; COOL STARS; K-EMISSION; BETA-HYDRI; ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; OUTER ATMOSPHERES AB HD 129333 is a remarkable young, nearby solar-type G star which offers a unique opportunity of studying the properties of the Sun at a time very shortly after in arrived on the main sequence. Its space motion suggests that it is a member of the Pleiades moving group, with an age of approximately 70 Myr; its lithium abundance is consistent with this. HD 129333 has the highest level of Ca II emission of any G star which is not a member of a close binary. Our observations in 1983 showed it to have low-amplitude (5%) light variations implying a rotation period of about 2.7 days, or about 10 times faster than the Sun. Modeling of the photometric variations on the assumption that they are due to starspots yields a spot temperature about 500 K cooler than the photosphere, and a coverage of about 6% of the stellar surface area. ROSAT observations in 1990 revealed the star to be an X-ray source, with an X-ray luminosity in the 0.2-2.4 keV range about 300 times that of the Sun. We have used IUE observations in conjunction with ground-based photometry to examine the magnetic activity of this star. The IUE emission-line fluxes reveal a level of chromospheric activity 3-20 times greater than the Sun's. The transition-region activity is 20-100 times that of the Sun. The activity level of HD 129333 is consistent with the Skumanich law relating activity to age, and with the rotation-activity relation, although it may be near saturation level. This star can yield valuable information about the magnetic dynamo of the young Sun, as well as about stellar dynamos in general. The 1988 IUE observations covered four phases of its rotational cycle. A phase dependence of the Mg ii h and k emission flux suggests a close association of chromospheric plages with starspot regions at that time. Systematic variations in the mean brightness of HD 129333 between 1983 and 1993, and in the UV emission fluxes, indicate the presence of an activity cycle of an estimated 12 years' duration. HD 129333 is the first solar-type star other than RS CVn binaries for which luminosity variations provide evidence for a spot cycle. Unlike the Sun, which is brighter at activity maximum HD 129333 appears to be fainter when more heavily spotted. Although evolutionary models for the Sun suggest that it was about 30% less luminous at age 70 Myr, they give no information about the UV flux. Accordingly, we have used the 1988 IUE observations of HD 129333 to construct a model spectrum of the infant Sun, which can be used to provide a quantitative estimate of the UV flux in the early solar system. C1 VILLANOVA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,VILLANOVA,PA 19085. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP DORREN, JD (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,33RD & WALNUT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 77 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 2 BP 805 EP 818 DI 10.1086/174289 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NQ751 UT WOS:A1994NQ75100038 ER PT J AU KAROVSKA, M BLUNDELL, SF HABBAL, SR AF KAROVSKA, M BLUNDELL, SF HABBAL, SR TI EXPLORING THE FINE-STRUCTURE AT THE LIMB IN CORONAL HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUN, CORONA; SUN, UV RADIATION ID SPECTRO-HELIOMETER; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AB The fine structure of the solar limb in coronal holes is explored at temperatures ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) K. An image enhancement algorithm orignally developed for solar eclipse observations is applied to a number of simultaneous multiwavelength observations made with the Harvard Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer experiment on Skylab. The enhanced images reveal the presence of filamentary structures above the limb with a characteristic separation of approximately 10''-15''. Some of the structures extend from the solar limb into the corona to at least 4' above the solar limb. The brightness of these structures changes as a function of height above the limb. The brightest-emission is associated with spiculelike structures in the proximity of the limb. The emission characteristic of high-temperature plasma is not cospatial with the emission at lower temperatures, indicating the presence of different temperature plasmas in the field of view. C1 BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP KAROVSKA, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 2 BP 854 EP 859 DI 10.1086/174294 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NQ751 UT WOS:A1994NQ75100043 ER PT J AU TUROSS, N AF TUROSS, N TI THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF ANCIENT DNA IN BANE SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Review DE BONE; COLLAGEN; FULVIC ACIDS; DNA; ANCIENT DNA ID FOSSIL BONE; AMPLIFICATION; EXTRACTION AB The amount of DNA in ancient bone was determined by ethidium bromide staining after the removal of the potent Tag inhibitor, fulvic acid. A complete decalcification and a perfusion protocol were used to recover DNA from bone. A variety of purification techniques including molecular sieve, hydroxyapatite binding and 'Magic' preparations yielded DNA that spanned from 3.4 mu g/g of bone to below detectable limits. Fulvic acid was shown to interfere with the quantification of DNA derived from ancient human skeletal material one hundred to over seven thousand years old. Scanning UV in the 300 to 230 nm range is a simple and sensitive technique for documenting fulvic acid contamination in ancient bone extracts. RP TUROSS, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 23 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1007/BF01921721 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NU056 UT WOS:A1994NU05600003 PM 7517371 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI ABAKANOWICZ,MAGDALENA - ROSE,B SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,NAT PORTRAIT GALLERY LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 11 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NR058 UT WOS:A1994NR05800039 ER PT J AU YI, IS MAO, SD AF YI, IS MAO, SD TI CAN RELATIVISTIC BEAMING OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS MIMIC COSMOLOGICAL TIME DILATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICS; HALO; GRO AB If gamma-ray bursts are at cosmological distances, durations and variability time scales of faint bursts are expected to be systematically longer than those of bright bursts due to cosmological time dilation. A recent analysis of data from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) reported detection of such a signal. We show that relativistic beaming can produce similar flux-duration relations both in the Galactic halo model and in the cosmological model with duration ranges comparable to the reported one. RP YI, IS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 24 BP 3750 EP 3753 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.3750 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NT460 UT WOS:A1994NT46000002 ER PT J AU MARZKE, RO HUCHRA, JP GELLER, MJ AF MARZKE, RO HUCHRA, JP GELLER, MJ TI THE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF THE CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS; GALAXIES, EVOLUTION; GALAXIES, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, MASS FUNCTION ID ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; ZWICKY MAGNITUDES; NEARBY GALAXIES; FAINT GALAXIES; VELOCITY-FIELD; IRAS GALAXIES; SURVEY SLICES; LOCAL GROUP; SCALE; DENSITY AB We use the CfA Redshift Survey of galaxies with m(z) less-than-or-equal-to 15.5 to calculate the galaxy luminosity function over the range -13 less-than-or-equal-to M(Z) less-than-or-equal-to -22. The sample includes 9063 galaxies distributed over 2.1 sr. For galaxies with velocities cz greater-than-or-equal-to 2500 km s-1. where the effects of peculiar velocities are small, the luminosity function is well represented by a Schechter function with parameters phi* = 0.04 +/- 0.01 Mpc-3, M* = -18.8 +/- 0.3, and alpha = -1.0 +/- 0.2. When we include all galaxies with cz greater-than-or-equal-to 500 km s-1, the number of galaxies in the range -16 less-than-or-equal-to M(Z) less-than-or-equal-to - 13 exceeds the extrapolation of the Schechter function by a factor of 3.1 +/-0.5. This faint-end excess is not caused by the local peculiar velocity field but may be partially explained by small scale errors in the Zwicky magnitudes. Even with a scale error as large as 0.2 mag mag-1, which is unlikely, the excess is still a factor of 1.8 +/- 0.3. If real, this excess affects the interpretation of deep counts of field galaxies. RP MARZKE, RO (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 45 TC 213 Z9 213 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1086/174218 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NR115 UT WOS:A1994NR11500006 ER PT J AU MAOZ, E AF MAOZ, E TI GRAVITATIONAL MICROLENSING BY DARK CLUSTERS IN THE GALACTIC HALO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DARK MATTER; GALAXIES, STELLAR CONTENT; GALAXY, HALO; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; BLACK-HOLES; DISK STARS; OBJECTS; LIMIT; MASS; BULGE AB The dark matter in galactic halos, or some fraction of it, may be in the form of dark clusters which consist of small-mass objects. Carr & Lacey (1987) have derived the permissible properties of such systems, and proposed the existence of dark clusters with mass of order 10(6) M. to explain some of the observed dynamical properties of the stellar disk of the Galaxy. A population of bound systems with mass of approximately 10(5)-10(6) M. is also an attractive possibility, since it is close to the baryon Jeans mass at recombination, which may be the preferred mass scale for the first bound objects to form in the universe. At the present, the existence of dark clusters which consist of brown dwarfs, Jupiters, or black hole remnants of an early generation of stars is not indicated, nor can it be excluded on observational grounds. We describe how dark clusters can be discovered in a sample of gravitational microlensing events in LMC stars. Alternatively, it could provide strict bounds on the fraction of halo mass which resides in such systems. If massive compact halo objects (MACHOs) are clustered, the implied degeneracy in their spatial and velocity distributions would result in a strong autocorrelation in the sky position of microlensing events on an angular scale less than or similar to 20'', along with a correlation in the event duration. We argue that a small number of events could be enough to indicate the existence of clusters, and demonstrate that a sample of congruent-to 10 events would be sufficient to reject the proposal of Carr & Lacey (1987) at the 95% confidence level. If the mass of the hypothesized clusters is much lower than 10(6) M., or the fraction of the dark matter which resides in clusters is small, then a much larger sample of events may be required. RP MAOZ, E (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MS 51,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1086/187379 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NR116 UT WOS:A1994NR11600002 ER PT J AU NARAYAN, R YI, I AF NARAYAN, R YI, I TI ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION - A SELF-SIMILAR SOLUTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK HOLE PHYSICS; HYDRODYNAMICS ID BOUNDARY-LAYERS; DISKS; STAR AB We consider viscous rotating accretion flows in which most of the viscously dissipated energy is stored as entropy rather than being radiated. Such advection-dominated flows may occur when the optical depth is either very small or very large. We obtain a family of self-similar solutions where the temperature of the accreting gas is nearly virial and the flow is quasi-spherical. The gas rotates at much less than the Keplerian angular velocity; therefore, the central stars in such flows will cease to spin up long before they reach the break-up limit. Further, the Bernoulli parameter is positive, implying that advection-dominated flows are susceptible to producing outflows. Convection is likely in many of these flows and, if present, will tend to enhance the above effects. We suggest that advection-dominated accretion may provide an explanation for the slow spin rates of accreting stars and the widespread occurrence of outflows and jets in accreting systems. RP NARAYAN, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 849 Z9 863 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1994 VL 428 IS 1 BP L13 EP L13 DI 10.1086/187381 PN 2 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NR116 UT WOS:A1994NR11600004 ER PT J AU ACHUCARRO, A GREGORY, R HARVEY, JA KUIJKEN, K AF ACHUCARRO, A GREGORY, R HARVEY, JA KUIJKEN, K TI ROLE OF W-CONDENSATION IN ELECTROWEAK STRING STABILITY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMILOCAL STRINGS AB We investigate recent claims concerning a new class of cosmic string solutions in the Weinberg-Salam model. They have the general form of previously discussed semilocal and electroweak strings, but are modified by the presence of a nonzero W condensate in the core of the string. We explicitly construct such solutions for arbitrary values of the winding number N. We then prove that they are gauge equivalent to bare electroweak strings with winding number N - 1. We also develop new asymptotic expressions for large-N strings. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS, CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW, ENGLAND. UNIV CHICAGO, ENRICO FERMI INST, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. TUFTS UNIV, DEPT MATH, MEDFORD, MA 02155 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP UNIV BASQUE COUNTRY, DEPT FIS TEOR, LEJONA, SPAIN. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 23 BP 3646 EP 3649 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.3646 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NP958 UT WOS:A1994NP95800005 ER PT J AU JACKSON, JBC AF JACKSON, JBC TI COMMUNITY UNITY SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORAL-REEFS; SEA; DISTURBANCE; EXTINCTION; GLACIATION; DYNAMICS; HISTORY RP JACKSON, JBC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR TROP PALEOECOL & ARCHAEOL,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 39 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 3 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5164 BP 1412 EP 1413 DI 10.1126/science.264.5164.1412 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NP221 UT WOS:A1994NP22100029 PM 17838424 ER PT J AU BUZAS, MA CULVER, SJ AF BUZAS, MA CULVER, SJ TI SPECIES POOL AND DYNAMICS OF MARINE PALEOCOMMUNITIES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA AB Foraminiferal communities in the Cenozoic shelf deposits of the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain exhibit little unity during almost 55 million years of successive transgressions and regressions. Transgression communities are composed of a dynamic mixture of immigrants and newly evolved species. During regressions, species within these communities either became extinct or emigrated. Some emigrants returned during subsequent transgressions, but many did not. The neritic species of the Atlantic and Gulf continental margins constitute a species pool. Immigrants and emigrants transferred into and out of the species pool, while extinctions and originations repeatedly altered its species composition. While the results indicate a lack of local community unity, at the same time they demonstrate the necessity of a species pool to sustain species diversity. C1 NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT PALAEONTOL,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. RP BUZAS, MA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 3 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5164 BP 1439 EP 1441 DI 10.1126/science.264.5164.1439 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NP221 UT WOS:A1994NP22100036 PM 17838428 ER PT J AU HILLIS, DM HUELSENBECK, JP SWOFFORD, DL AF HILLIS, DM HUELSENBECK, JP SWOFFORD, DL TI HOBGOBLIN OF PHYLOGENETICS SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID PARSIMONY; SEQUENCES; TREES C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP HILLIS, DM (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. RI Hillis, David/B-4278-2008; Huelsenbeck, John/C-6398-2013 NR 11 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 6 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 2 PY 1994 VL 369 IS 6479 BP 363 EP 364 DI 10.1038/369363a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NP174 UT WOS:A1994NP17400037 PM 8196763 ER PT J AU ARAUS, JL HOGAN, KP AF ARAUS, JL HOGAN, KP TI LEAF STRUCTURE AND PATTERNS OF PHOTOINHIBITION IN 2 NEOTROPICAL PALMS LN CLEARINGS AND FOREST UNDERSTORY DURING THE DRY SEASON SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; O-2 EVOLUTION; WATER-STRESS; PHOTON YIELD; DROUGHT ACCLIMATION; EXCESSIVE LIGHT; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAVES AB We studied the leaf structural, water status, and fast fluorescence responses of two palms, Socratea exorrhiza and Scheelen zonensis, under natural dry season conditions in a clearing (high light [HL] palms) and the forest understory (low light [LL] palms) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. HL-Socratea leaves were more shade-adapted, less xeromorphic, and more strongly affected by drought than HL-Scheelea. F-v/F-m, (the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence) and t(1/2) (the half-rise time of F-m) was lower in HL-leaves of both species, indicating photoinhibition. In HL-Scheelea, the light-induced reduction of F-v/F-m was much less than in HL-Socratea, and F-v/F-m recovered completely overnight. Patterns of relative water content, specific leaf dry weight, stable carbon isotope composition, and leaf conductance suggest that increased drought resistance in Scheelea reduces susceptibility to photoinhibition. An increase in F-0 indicated the inactivation of PSII reaction centers in HL-Socratea. The very low chlorophyll a/b ratio and alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure in HL-Socratea are consistent with photoinhibition. Under LL, the species showed no appreciable interspecific differences in chlorophyll fluorescence. Excess light leads to low values of F-v/F-m in HL-plants relative to LL-plants on both leaf surfaces, particularly on the lower surface, due to a decrease of F-m in both surfaces and an increase in F-0 of lower surface. For both species, F-0 for the lower surfaces of HL-plants was higher and t(1/2) was markedly lower than for the upper surface, as is typical for shade-adapted leaves. Xeromorphic leaf structure may reduce susceptibility to photoinhibition during the dry season. Drought-enhanced photoinhibition could limit the ability of some species to exploit treefall gaps. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP ARAUS, JL (reprint author), UNIV BARCELONA,FAC BIOL,DEPT BIOL VEGETAL,AVDA DIAGONAL 645,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 61 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 81 IS 6 BP 726 EP 738 DI 10.2307/2445651 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NT182 UT WOS:A1994NT18200008 ER PT J AU ROPER, CFE AF ROPER, CFE TI SOUTHERN-OCEAN CEPHALOPODS - LIFE-CYCLES AND POPULATIONS SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP ROPER, CFE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA NP437 UT WOS:A1994NP43700003 ER PT J AU ZABLUDOFF, AI GELLER, MJ AF ZABLUDOFF, AI GELLER, MJ TI THE KINEMATICS OF DENSE CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES .3. COMPARISON WITH COSMOLOGICAL MODELS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; DARK MATTER THEORY; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; RICH CLUSTERS; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; FLUCTUATIONS; PERTURBATIONS; STATISTICS; AMPLITUDE AB We compare the combined distribution of 31 group and 25 cluster velocity dispersions [Zabludoff et al., AJ, 106, 1301 (1993)] with the ensemble of 32 models for the formation and evolution of large-scale structure examined by Weinberg & Cole [MNRAS, 259, 652 (1992)]. The models include Gaussian and non-Gaussian initial fluctuations, different power law spectra (n=-1, n=0, n=-2, ''pancake''), flat (OMEGA=1) and open (OMEGA=0.2) cosmologies, and unbiased (b8= 1) and biased (b8=2) galaxy formation. The set of initial conditions we test, although limited, samples enough parameter space to indicate which general classes of models are consistent with the data. The two Gaussian, n=-1 models which best approximate the standard and open Cold Dark Matter (CDM) models do not match the observed distribution of velocity dispersions; models with b8=2 and OMEGA=1 (''standard'') or b8=1 and OMEGA=0.2 (''open'') predict too large a ratio of low to high velocity dispersion systems. A ''COBE-normalized'' CDM model with b8=1 and OMEGA=1 produces clusters with velocity dispersions higher than those measured. All three models overestimate the total abundance of systems. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1929 EP 1936 DI 10.1086/117004 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN596 UT WOS:A1994NN59600001 ER PT J AU BERNSTEIN, GM GUHATHAKURTA, P RAYCHAUDHURY, S GIOVANELLI, R HAYNES, MP HERTER, T VOGT, NP AF BERNSTEIN, GM GUHATHAKURTA, P RAYCHAUDHURY, S GIOVANELLI, R HAYNES, MP HERTER, T VOGT, NP TI TESTS OF THE TULLY-FISHER RELATION .1. SCATTER IN INFRARED MAGNITUDE VERSUS 21 CM WIDTH SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE; SPIRAL GALAXIES; COMA CLUSTER; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; ROTATION CURVES; STANDARD STARS; SUPERCLUSTER; VIRGO; 21-CENTIMETER AB We examine the precision of the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR) using a sample of galaxies in the Coma region of the sky, and find that it is good to 5% or better in measuring relative distances. Total magnitudes and disk axis ratios are derived from H and I band surface photometry, and Arecibo 21 cm profiles define the rotation speeds of the galaxies. Using 25 galaxies for which the disk inclination and 21 cm width are well defined, we find an rms deviation of 0.10 mag from a linear TFR with dI/d(log W(c)) = -5.6. Each galaxy is assumed to be at a distance proportional to its redshift, and an extinction correction of 1.4(1 - b/a) mag is applied to the total I magnitude. The measured scatter is <0.15 mag using milder extinction laws from the literature. The I band TFR scatter is consistent with measurement error, and the 95% CL limits on the intrinsic scatter are 0-0.10 mag. The rms scatter using H band magnitudes is 0.20 mag (N=17). The low width galaxies have scatter in H significantly in excess of known measurement error, but the higher width half of the galaxies have scatter consistent with measurement error. The H band TFR slope may be as steep as the I band slope. As the first applications of this tight correlation, we note the following: (1) the data for the particular spirals commonly used to define the TFR distance to the Coma cluster are inconsistent with being at a common distance and are in fact in free Hubble expansion, with an upper limit of 300 km s-1 on the rms peculiar line-of-sight velocity of these gas-rich spirals; and (2) the gravitational potential in the disks of these galaxies has typical ellipticity <5%. The published data for three nearby spiral galaxies with Cepheid distance determinations are inconsistent with our Coma TFR, suggesting that these local calibrators are either ill-measured or peculiar relative to the Coma Supercluster spirals, or that the TFR has a varying form in different locales. C1 PRINCETON UNIV OBSERV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CORNELL UNIV,CTR RADIOPHYS & SPACE RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BERNSTEIN, GM (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 60 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1962 EP 1976 DI 10.1086/117008 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN596 UT WOS:A1994NN59600005 ER PT J AU KENYON, SJ HARTMANN, L HEWETT, R CARRASCO, L CRUZGONZALEZ, I RECILLAS, E SALAS, L SERRANO, A STROM, KM STROM, SE NEWTON, G AF KENYON, SJ HARTMANN, L HEWETT, R CARRASCO, L CRUZGONZALEZ, I RECILLAS, E SALAS, L SERRANO, A STROM, KM STROM, SE NEWTON, G TI THE HOT-SPOT IN DR TAURI SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NEUTRON STARS; SAN-PEDRO-MARTIR; ACCRETION DISKS; LIGHT VARIABILITY; STANDARD STARS; YOUNG STARS; SYSTEMS; VARIABLES; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB This paper presents BVRIJHKL light curves for DR Tauri, a pre-main sequence star in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. We find phased optical and near-infrared brightness variations with time scales of roughly 5 or 10 days. The lack of a significant time lag indicates that the same phenomenon produces these changes. The observed color and flux changes suggest a two component model for the excess emission: a bright spot with T approximately 10(4) K and a cool region with T approximately 1700 K. We develop a magnetic accretion model to explain the broadband spectral energy distribution and optical light curves of DR Tau. The magnetic field truncates the inner disk at a distance of five stellar radii from the central MO star. This field channels the accretion flow into the bright spot, which we approximate as a naffow ring symmetric about the magnetic pole. Radiation from the inner edge of the disk produces the flat near-infrared excess in DR Tau; ring emission is responsible for the large optical veiling. Our results suggest that an accretion rate of M approximately 4 X 10(-7) M. yr-1 provides a reasonable fit to the spectral energy distribution if the underlying MO star has a radius of 2R.. This model can also account for broadband light variations observed in T Tauri stars if the magnetic axis is inclined relative to the stellar rotational axis. Our analysis suggests the sum of the observer's inclination to the rotational axis, i, and the angle between the magnetic and the rotational axes, beta, is i + beta approximately 95-degrees. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, INST ASTRON, MEXICO CITY 04510, DF, MEXICO. INST NACL ASTROFIS OPT & ELECTR, PUEBLA 72000, MEXICO. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. RP KENYON, SJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 76 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 6 BP 2153 EP 2163 DI 10.1086/117026 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN596 UT WOS:A1994NN59600023 ER PT J AU CARNEY, BW LATHAM, DW LAIRD, JB AGUILAR, LA AF CARNEY, BW LATHAM, DW LAIRD, JB AGUILAR, LA TI A SURVEY OF PROPER MOTION STARS .12. AN EXPANDED SAMPLE SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEEP CCD PHOTOMETRY; METAL-POOR STARS; UVBY-BETA PHOTOMETRY; PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE; 40 SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; GALACTIC ESCAPE VELOCITY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; NITROGEN ABUNDANCES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE AB We report new photometry and radial velocities for almost 500 stars from the Lowell Proper Motion Catalog. We combine these results with our prior sample and rederive stellar temperatures based on the photometry, reddening, metallicities (using chi2 matching of our 22 500 low S/N high resolution echelle spectra with a grid of synthetic spectra), distances, space motions, and Galactic orbital parameters for 1269 (kinematics) and 1261 (metallicity) of the 1464 stars in the complete survey. The frequency of spectroscopic binaries for the metal-poor ([m/H] less-than-or-equal-to -1.2) stars with periods shorter than 3000 days is at least 15%. The spectroscopic binary frequency for metal-rich stars ([m/H]> -0.5) appears to be lower, about 9%, but this may be a selection effect. We also discuss special classes of stars, including treatment of the double-lined spectroscopic binaries, and identification of subgiants. Four possible new members of the class of field blue stragglers are noted. We point out the detection of three possible new white dwarfs, six broad-lined (binary) systems, and discuss briefly the three already known nitrogen-rich halo dwarfs. The primary result of this paper, Table 6, will be available on CD-ROM, in the form of a much larger table from which it was drawn. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403. OBSERV ASTRON NACL,ENSENADA,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. RP CARNEY, BW (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 105 TC 299 Z9 304 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 6 BP 2240 EP 2289 DI 10.1086/117035 PG 50 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN596 UT WOS:A1994NN59600032 ER PT J AU CARILLI, CL OWEN, FN HARRIS, DE AF CARILLI, CL OWEN, FN HARRIS, DE TI RADIO-CONTINUUM POLARIMETRIC IMAGES OF HIGH-REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXIES (VOL 107, PG 480, 1994) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP CARILLI, CL (reprint author), NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,POB O,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 6 BP 2299 EP 2299 DI 10.1086/117038 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN596 UT WOS:A1994NN59600035 ER PT J AU RYBICKI, GB DELLANTONIO, IP AF RYBICKI, GB DELLANTONIO, IP TI THE TIME DEVELOPMENT OF A RESONANCE LINE IN THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, THEORY; LINE, FORMATION ID RECOMBINATION AB The time-dependent spectral profile of a resonance line in a homogeneous expanding medium is studied by numerically solving an improved Fokker-Planck diffusion equation. The solutions are used to determine the time required to reach a quasi-static solution near the line center. A simple scaling law for this relaxation time is derived and is fitted to the numerical results. The results are applied to the case of Lyalpha scattering during primordial recombination of hydrogen. For a wide range of cosmological models it is found that the relaxation times are smaller than the recombination timescale, although not by a very large factor. Thus the standard assumption of a quasi-static solution in cosmological recombination calculations is reasonably valid and should not cause substantial errors in the solutions. RP RYBICKI, GB (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 2 BP 603 EP 617 DI 10.1086/174170 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN739 UT WOS:A1994NN73900008 ER PT J AU STERN, RA SCHMITT, JHMM PYE, JP HODGKIN, ST STAUFFER, JR SIMON, T AF STERN, RA SCHMITT, JHMM PYE, JP HODGKIN, ST STAUFFER, JR SIMON, T TI CORONAL X-RAY SOURCES IN THE HYADES - A 40-KILOSECOND ROSAT POINTING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE X-RAY, STARS; STARS, CORONAE; OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS, INDIVIDUAL (HYADES) ID LOW-MASS STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; THEORETICAL-MODELS; BROWN DWARFS; COOL STARS; CLUSTER; DISTANCE; VELOCITIES; EMISSION AB We present results of a 40 ks ROSAT pointed observation of the Hyades cluster. The limiting L(x) is almost-equal-to 2 x 10(27) ergs s-1 at field center, increasing to almost-equal-to 2 x 10(28) ergs s-1 at 40' off-axis. This represents the most sensitive X-ray observation to date in the Hyades region. More than 30 sources have been detected in the PSPC standard processing, of which 15 are Hyades members, five are cluster candidates that are likely nonmembers, four are foreground or background stars, and the remainder are unidentified. One Hyad, VB 173 (= VA 276), lies in a confused region, but is detected as a distinct source in the soft band only (E less than or similar to 0.5 keV). We report upper limits for four other Hyades members in our field, all M dwarfs. Of the 16 Hyades detections, two represent the optically faintest members seen to date in X-rays: VA 260 (V = 16.68) and VA 368 (V = 16.25). These are both M dwarfs of mass almost-equal-to 0.15-0.2 M. and are fully convective stars according to current theory. Analysis of X-ray light curves using 1 ks bins indicates some variability in the strongest sources and a possible flare in VA 383. Two Hyades stars, VB 141 and VB 71, were also detected with the co-aligned WFC EUV instrument. VB 141, the second brightest X-ray source in the Hyades, remains an enigma: a rapidly rotating F0 star with a fainter, long-period companion, this object has an X-ray spectrum indicative of strong coronal activity. X-ray pulse-height analysis demonstrates that coronal models with at least two temperatures are required for most of the stronger X-ray sources. The ROSAT X-ray spectra generally require higher temperatures for the hotter component in the M dwarfs compared to the F-G dwarfs. C1 MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,W-8046 GARCHING,GERMANY. UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,ENGLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP STERN, RA (reprint author), LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS,SOLAR & ASTROPHYS LAB,O-91-30,BLDG 252,3251 HANOVER ST,PALO ALTO,CA 94304, USA. NR 60 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 2 BP 808 EP 821 DI 10.1086/174187 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN739 UT WOS:A1994NN73900025 ER PT J AU GRAY, DF BALIUNAS, SL AF GRAY, DF BALIUNAS, SL TI THE ACTIVITY CYCLE OF TAU-CETI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (TAU-CETI); TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPIC ID SPECTRAL-LINE BISECTORS; K-DWARFS; ASYMMETRIES; STARS AB The temperature, granulation, and chromospheric emission of tau Ceti (HR 509, HD 10700, G8 V, B-Y=0.72) in the 1984-1992 interval are studied for magnetic-cycle type variations. Yearly-mean temperature measurements are determined to +/-3-4 K using ratios of spectral line depths, and show no systematic variations over the 9 yr interval. Granulation is monitored using the asymmetries of spectral lines. There is some indication of systematic variation in velocity span, but this variation is not well established. The Ca II H and K line emission, although weak by stellar standards, may show two cycles of variability in the 1970-1992 time span with a period of almost-equal-to 11 yr. No rotation modulation is seen in any of the parameters, but the very narrow spectral lines of tau Cet points to a nearly pole-on orientation so that none would be expected. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP GRAY, DF (reprint author), UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT ASTRON,LONDON N6A 3K7,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 2 BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1086/174210 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN739 UT WOS:A1994NN73900048 ER PT J AU SUN, Y DALGARNO, A AF SUN, Y DALGARNO, A TI ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION OF H-2 IN COLLISION WITH H SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES; MOLECULAR PROCESSES ID INTEGRAL CROSS-SECTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MANY-BODY EXPANSION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; H+H2 REACTION; VARIATIONAL-METHODS; PARA-HYDROGEN; RESONANCES; MOLECULES; TRANSITION AB Rate coefficients for the reactive processes of ortho-para conversion in which the j = 0 rotational level of molecular hydrogen is excited to the j = 1 and j = 3 level by impacts with hydrogen atoms are calculated for temperatures between 30 K and 1000 K using a fully converged complete close-coupled method. Rate coefficients are also obtained for the excitation from the j = 0 to the j = 2 rotational level and from the j = 1 to the j = 3 rotational level. The interference between the direct and reactive channels is taken into account as is the geometric phase resulting from the adiabatic separation of electronic and nuclear motion that generates the potential energy surface. Convenient analytic representations of the rate coefficients are presented. RP SUN, Y (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 2 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1086/174212 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN739 UT WOS:A1994NN73900050 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, LF CANTO, J TORRELLES, JM GOMEZ, JF ANGLADA, G HO, PTP AF RODRIGUEZ, LF CANTO, J TORRELLES, JM GOMEZ, JF ANGLADA, G HO, PTP TI SUBARCSECOND VLA1 MAPS OF THE DISK AND THE JET IN HL TAURI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, JETS AND OUTFLOWS; PLANETARY SYSTEMS; RADIO CONTINUUM, ISM; STARS; PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID CIRCUMSTELLAR MOLECULAR GAS; MASSIVE YOUNG STAR; RADIO-CONTINUUM; L1551 IRS-5; CLOUD CORES; SYSTEM; COLLAPSE; OUTFLOWS; COMPLEX; DUST AB High-angular resolution (approximately 0.3''-0.4'') VLA observations of HL Tau at 3.6 and 1.3 cm show extended structures associated with this young star that are strikingly different at each wavelength. While the structure observed at 3.6 cin is elongated approximately in the east-west direction, the 1.3 cm structure is elongated approximately in the north-south direction. We interpret these results to imply that while the 3.6 cm emission is dominated by free-free radiation from an ionized outflow, the 1.3 cm emission traces dust emission from a perpendicular, collimating disk. If our interpretation is correct, these VLA images represent the first subsecond images of both jet and disk in a young star. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, INST ASTRON, MEXICO CITY 04510, DF, MEXICO. CSIC, INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA, E-18080 GRANADA, SPAIN. UB, DEPT ASTRON & METEOROL, E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP RODRIGUEZ, LF (reprint author), NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV, POB 0, SOCORRO, NM 87801 USA. RI Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016; OI Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 2 BP L103 EP L106 DI 10.1086/187375 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN740 UT WOS:A1994NN74000010 ER PT J AU ZHANG, Q SOON, WH BALIUNAS, SL LOCKWOOD, GW SKIFF, BA RADICK, RR AF ZHANG, Q SOON, WH BALIUNAS, SL LOCKWOOD, GW SKIFF, BA RADICK, RR TI A METHOD OF DETERMINING POSSIBLE BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS OF THE SUN IN PAST CENTURIES FROM OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STAR, ACTIVITY; STAR, LATE-TYPE; SUN, ACTIVITY; SUN, SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; LUMINOSITY; EMISSION; VARIABILITY; REGRESSION; CONVECTION; CYCLE AB Observations of the Sun and a number of stars with mass and age close to the Sun show that changes in magnetic activity and brightness are directly correlated over an activity cycle. The ratio of the two correlated changes shows considerable scatter. If we assume that the scatter represents variability of one solar-type star at different epochs, the aggregate data may represent the range of variation of the Sun over centuries. We illustrate a technique of inferring possible brightness variations of the Sun from a sample of solar-type stars. The observed scatter of the ratio of all 10 solar-type stars in our sample (stars with 0.55 less than or similar (B-Y) less than or similar 1.2 and mean level of chromospheric activity R(HK)' less than or similar -4.75 in the Lockwood et al. 1992 sample) plus the Sun yields a possible increase of 0.2%-0.6% in solar brightness as magnetic activity has increased from the Maunder Minimum (ca. A.D. 1660-1710) to the decade of the 1980s. The limited sample of solar-type stars will need to be extended in order to improve the range of the estimate provided. C1 LOWELL OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SOLAR RES BRANCH,SUNSPOT,NM 88349. RP ZHANG, Q (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 29 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/187377 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NN740 UT WOS:A1994NN74000012 ER PT J AU GRINDLAY, JE AF GRINDLAY, JE TI SOFT GAMMA-RAY REPEATERS - BLACK-HOLES IN GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTEGRAL Workshop on the Multiwavelength Approach to Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLAND SP INT GAMMA RAY ASTROPHYS LAB DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK HOLE PHYSICS; GAMMA-RAYS, BURSTS; ISM, CLOUDS ID 1E1740.7-2942; BURSTS AB The BATSE discovery of the near-simultaneous turnon of a soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) source, located to approximately 5-degrees and possibly SGR 1900+14, and a new hard X-ray transient GRS 1915+105 (discovered by Granat), suggests they may be associated. Published positions for both the SGR and GRS sources do not preclude spatial coincidence for the two sources, or the GRS transient may be associated with another SGR source. We outline a model for SGR sources as due to thermal instabilities in spherical accretion onto black holes in giant molecular clouds. We show that the SIGMA position for the GRS 1915 source is consistent with it being in a giant molecular cloud and compare this possible identification with that suggested for the ''1E'' source in the Galactic center region. Our model would predict a strong concentration of SGR sources toward the Galactic plane (consistent with both SGR 1900+14 and SGR 1806-20) and so would require the only other known ''SGR,'' the GRB 790305 superburst source apparently in the Large Magellanic Cloud, to be fundamentally different. We note that the recently discovered radio/infrared counterpart for the SGR 1806-20 may be consistent with this model, rather than the compact supernova remnant/pulsar model suggested by Kulkarni and Frail. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP GRINDLAY, JE (reprint author), ARCETRI OBSERV,FLORENCE,ITALY. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 2 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1086/191997 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NM319 UT WOS:A1994NM31900026 ER PT J AU SIEMIGINOWSKA, A ELVIS, M AF SIEMIGINOWSKA, A ELVIS, M TI COMPTON COOLING OF JETS AS THE ORIGIN OF RADIO-QUIET QUASARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTEGRAL Workshop on the Multiwavelength Approach to Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLAND SP INT GAMMA RAY ASTROPHYS LAB DE GALAXIES, JETS; QUASARS, GENERAL ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ACCRETION AB We consider the Compton drag as a possible mechanism for jet deceleration in radio-quiet quasars, using an isotropic radiation field in a central region as a source of soft photons, provides an efficient means of decelerating electrons in a jet. Depending on the energy density of the radiation field, the jet may be stopped before reaching the radius at which the dynamical timescale is shorter than the Compton cooling timescale. We present preliminary results of our calculations and conclude that radio-quiet quasars may differ from radio-loud in their central radiation density. RP SIEMIGINOWSKA, A (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 2 BP 603 EP 605 DI 10.1086/192023 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NM319 UT WOS:A1994NM31900052 ER PT J AU SCHACHTER, J ELVIS, M AF SCHACHTER, J ELVIS, M TI GAMMA-RAY BRIGHT QUASARS AND BL LACERTAE OBJECTS - EGRET DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTEGRAL Workshop on the Multiwavelength Approach to Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLAND SP INT GAMMA RAY ASTROPHYS LAB DE BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, GENERAL; GAMMA-RAYS, OBSERVATIONS; QUASARS, GENERAL; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID RADIO GALAXY 3C-382; RADIATION; LINE; AGN AB The CGRO Instruments, in particular, EGRET, have recently discovered new, gamma-ray bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) (fluxes approximately 0.5-3 times as bright as 3C 273). Yet current sample sizes are modest (for example, EGRET as of 1993 January has detected 17 quasars and five BL Lac objects), and the sources probe only a small range in flux. Only by using a large, unbiased sample of AGNs can we answer key questions about source evolution, contributions to the gamma-ray background, and the different gamma-ray properties of quasars and BL Lac objects. Therefore, we need gamma-ray data on a much larger number of AGNs. We are currently pursuing two approaches toward remedying this situation: first, new (phase 2) OSSE, COMPTEL, and EGRET observations of X-ray selected AGNs predicted to be gamma-ray bright on simple assumptions; even an upper limit can set constraints on continuum models (e.g., pair production, synchrotron self-Compton); second, searches for radio-selected AGNs in wide-field EGRET data obtained during the pointings. For these AGN, we expect a large number of faint sources (i.e., mainly low signal-to-noise ratio detections and upper limits), a continuous progression down to the limiting EGRET sensitivity. Although special techniques must be employed to deal carefully with low-significance sources, the end product will be a much larger sample than currently available on which to base deductions about the gamma-ray properties of AGNs. Here we report the first results of this program. We find an upper limit for 3C 382 and demonstrate, using the 3C 382 field, how serendipitous blazars can systematically be searched for in existing EGRET public (Phase 1) data. Preliminary results indicate that synchrotron self-Compton processes dominate. RP SCHACHTER, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MAIL STOP 4,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 2 BP 623 EP 625 DI 10.1086/192028 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NM319 UT WOS:A1994NM31900057 ER PT J AU CURIEL, S MORAN, JM RODRIGUEZ, LF CANTO, J AF CURIEL, S MORAN, JM RODRIGUEZ, LF CANTO, J TI THE SERPENS RADIO JET - EVIDENCE OF PRECESSION OF NUTATION SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Previous VLA observations of the triple radio continuum source in Serpens showed that it has very unusual and extraordinary characteristics. While this source is associated with a star forming region, its outer components exhibit a combination of thermal and nonthermal spectra and large proper motions, Furthermore, the NW lobe has knotty and extended emission connecting the central source with the bright outer knot. Here, we present results of new VLA radio continuum high-angular resolution observations of this Radio Jet. Combining these observations with those obtained previously, we find that: a) one of the knots along the main body of the radio jet (knot G) exhibits proper motions similar to those observed in the outer NW and SE components, and the time variable knot A; b) the outer knots are moving away from the central source in slightly different directions; and c) the orientation of the central source seems to change with time. These results are consistent with a central precessing source that undergoes periodic ejection of material. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, INST ASTRON, MEXICO CITY, MEXICO. RP CURIEL, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OI Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.1007/BF00982482 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC421 UT WOS:A1994PC42100023 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, JJ HO, PTP AF WISEMAN, JJ HO, PTP TI FRAGMENTATION AND HEATING OF STREAMERS IN ORION SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Manchester Conference on Kinematics and Dynamics of Diffuse Astrophysical Media CY MAR 22-26, 1993 CL UNIV MANCHESTER, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV MANCHESTER ID QUIESCENT GAS; KL; CLOUDS AB Long filamentary structures composed of chains of denser clumps fan out from the high mass star-forming KL core region in OMC-1. We present a high resolution VLA NH3 study of the structure, kinematics, and temperature of the region over a large, multi-field scale. The region appears to contain multiple superimposed cloud components. Clumps along the filaments may be the result of instabilities and fragmentation; some show fast velocity gradients. Sheaths around the clumps along the filaments are heated. This is possibly the result of external radiation or of interaction with high velocity outflows from young stellar objects in OMC-1. RP WISEMAN, JJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1007/BF00982483 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC421 UT WOS:A1994PC42100024 ER PT J AU RAYMOND, JC CURIEL, S AF RAYMOND, JC CURIEL, S TI SHOCK-WAVE STRUCTURE IN THE CYNGUS LOOP SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Manchester Conference on Kinematics and Dynamics of Diffuse Astrophysical Media CY MAR 22-26, 1993 CL UNIV MANCHESTER, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV MANCHESTER ID INTER-STELLAR MEDIUM; CYGNUS LOOP; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; X-RAY; RADIATIVE SHOCKS; EMISSION; STABILITY; TELESCOPE; DYNAMICS AB The interaction of an SNR blastwave with clouds of various sizes determines the appearance of the SNR in all wavelength bands, and it may determine the overall evolution of the remnant. The Cygnus Loop provides excellent examples of the interaction with both large and small clouds at various stages, and its brightness, large size and low reddening make it a natural target for study. We consider X-ray, optical and UV observations of features at the eastern edge of the Cygnus Loop to look for evidence of cloud evaporation, turbulent stripping from a cloud and pressure enhancement associated with the blastwave-cloud interaction. We consider the effects of the sputtering of dust grains on the temperature derived from ROSAT spectra and we briefly consider the clumpiness of Halpha emission to be expected from compression of a turbulent magnetic field. RP RAYMOND, JC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1007/BF00982509 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC421 UT WOS:A1994PC42100050 ER PT J AU ADLER, GH DUDLEY, R AF ADLER, GH DUDLEY, R TI BUTTERFLY BIOGEOGRAPHY AND ENDEMISM ON TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ARCHIPELAGOS; BIRDS; BUTTERFLIES; DIVERSITY; PACIFIC OCEAN; SPECIATION C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, UNIT 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1994.tb00984.x PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA NN879 UT WOS:A1994NN87900003 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, AD QUICKE, DLJ MARSH, PM AF AUSTIN, AD QUICKE, DLJ MARSH, PM TI THE HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS OF EUCALYPT LONGICORN BEETLES, PHORACANTHA SPP (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BRACONIDAE AB The systematics of the hymenopterous parasitoids associated with Phoracantha spp. in Australia are reviewed. An illustrated key to species is presented to facilitate their identification as part of ongoing attempts for the biological control of P. semipunctata (Fabricius), an exotic pest on eucalypt trees. Information on the taxonomy, distribution and biology of 18 species of primary and hyperparasitoids associated with Phoracantha spp. are presented. A new braconid genus, Jarra, is described to accommodate three new species, J. phoracantha, J. maculipennis and J. bicolor, and Doryctes diadoxi Nixon (Doryctinae), the latter associated with a buprestid host. Two other new species, Heterospilus nukunu (Doryctinae) and Callibracon moorei (Braconinae) are also described; Iphiaulax morleyi Froggatt is synonymized with Atanycolus fomentosus Szepligeti and I. rubriceps Froggatt is synonymized with Syngaster lepidus Brulle; lectotypes are designated for I. morleyi, I. rubriceps and I. phoracanthae Froggatt; and Ipobracon flaviceps flaviceps (Cameron) and L flaviceps mackayensis Turner are transferred to Callibracon. The encyrtid genus Aventianella is recorded from Australia for the first time and the egg parasitoid of P. semipunctata, A. longoi Siscaro described from Italy, is postulated to be endemic to Australia. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20105. UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP AUSTIN, AD (reprint author), UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT CROP PROTECT,WAITE CAMPUS,GLEN OSMOND,SA 5064,AUSTRALIA. RI Quicke, Donald/I-5948-2012 NR 60 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 145 EP 174 PG 30 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PJ965 UT WOS:A1994PJ96500001 ER PT J AU EVANS, HT POST, JE ROSS, DR NELEN, JA AF EVANS, HT POST, JE ROSS, DR NELEN, JA TI THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY OF FERNANDINITE AND CORVUSITE SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE CORVUSITE; FERNANDINITE; RIETVELD ANALYSIS; STRACZEKITE-TYPE STRUCTURE; VANADIUM BRONZE AB Using type material of fernandinite (Ca,Na,K)xV8O20.4H2O) from Minasragra, Peru, and corvusite (NaCa,K)xV8O20.4H2O) from the Jack Claim, La Sal Mountains, Utah, the properties and crystal chemistry of these minerals have been determined by Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray-diffraction patterns. The associated unit-cell parameters in space group C2/m (monoclinic) for fernandinite [corvusite] are: a 11.680(2) [11.706(4)] angstrom, b 3.6537(4) [3.644(1)] angstrom, c 11.023(2) [11.10(1)] angstrom, beta 105.00(2) [103.46(7)]degrees. The crystal structure of both species is isotypic with the V2O5-type layer first found for delta-Ag0.68V2O5; it consists of chains of VO6 octahedra linked by opposite comers (parallel to b) condensed by edge-sharing to form the layer. The vanadium has average valence 4.8, and the resulting layer-charge is balanced by varying amounts of Ca, Na, and K in the interlayer region (x in the above formulas varies from 0.9 to 1.2), accompanied by labile water (amount depending on humidity and heat). This study has confirmed the validity of fernandinite as a unique mineral species. It is closely related to corvusite, from which it is distinguished on the basis of the dominant interlayer cation: Ca for fernandinite, Na for corvusite. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP EVANS, HT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 BP 339 EP 351 PN 2 PG 13 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA NX349 UT WOS:A1994NX34900009 ER PT J AU JUAREZ, CM AF JUAREZ, CM TI UNTITLED SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MOLEC SYST LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 163 IS 2 BP 554 EP 554 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA NP335 UT WOS:A1994NP33500153 ER PT J AU LESSIOS, HA WEINBERG, JR AF LESSIOS, HA WEINBERG, JR TI GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE AMONG MORPHOTYPES OF THE ISOPOD EXCIROLANA ON THE 2 SIDES OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE GENE FLOW; GENETIC DIVERGENCE; MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE; MORPHOTYPES; RECOLONIZATION; VARIATION ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; TIGRIOPUS-CALIFORNICUS; LOCAL-POPULATIONS; CEPAEA-NEMORALIS; EASTERN PACIFIC; BEACH ISOPOD; ENZYME LOCI; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION AB Excirolana braziliensis is a dioecious marine isopod that lives in the high intertidal zone of sandy beaches on both sides of Central and South America. It possesses no larval stage and has only limited means of adult dispersal. Indirect estimates of gene flow have indicated that populations from each beach exchange less than one propagule per generation. Multivariate morphometrics have discovered three morphs of this species in Panama, two of them closely related and found on opposite sides of Central America (''C morph'' in the Caribbean and ''C' morph'' in the eastern Pacific), the third found predominantly in the eastern Pacific (''P morph''). Though the P and C' morphs are seldom found on the same beach, they have overlapping latitudinal ranges in the eastern Pacific. A related species, Excirolana chamensis, has been described from the Pacific coast of Panama. Each beach contains populations that remain morphologically and genetically stable, but a single drastic change in both isozymes and morphology has been documented. We studied isozymes and multivariate morphology of 10 populations of E. braziliensis and of one population of E. chamensis. Our objective was to assess the degree of genetic and morphological variation, the correlation of divergence on these two levers of integration, the phylogenetic relationships between morphs, and the possible contributions of low vagility, low gene flow, and occasional extinction and recolonization to the genetic structuring of populations. Genetic distance between the P morph, on one hand, and the other two morphotypes off. braziliensis, on the other, was as high as the distance between E. braziliensis and E. chamensis. Several lines of evidence agree that E. chamensis and the P morph had diverged from other morphs off. braziliensis before the rise of the Panama Isthmus separated the C and C' forms, and that the P morph constitutes a different species. A high degree of genetic differentiation also exists between populations of the same morph. On the isozyme level, every population can be differentiated from every other on the basis of at least one diagnostically different locus, regardless of geographical distance or morphological affiliation. Morphological and genetic distances between populations are highly correlated. However, despite the high degree of local variation, evolution off. braziliensis as a whole has not been particularly rapid; divergence between the C and C' morphs isolated for 3 million yr by the Isthmus of Panama is not high by the standard of within-morph differentiation or by comparison with other organisms similarly separated. Alleles that are common in one population may be absent from another of the same morph, yet they appear in a different morph in a separate ocean. The high degree of local differentiation, the exclusive occupation of a beach by one genotype with rare arrival of foreign individuals that cannot interbreed freely with the residents, the genetic stability of populations with infrequent complete replacement by another genetic population, and the sharing by morphs of polymorphisms that are not shared by local populations, all suggest a mode of evolution concentrated in rare episodes of extinction and recolonization, possibly coupled with exceptional events of gene flow that help preserve ancestral variability in both oceans. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,POPULAT DYNAM BRANCH,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP LESSIOS, HA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 92 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 530 EP 548 DI 10.2307/2410467 PG 19 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PX528 UT WOS:A1994PX52800002 ER PT J AU LESSIOS, HA WEINBERG, JR STARCZAK, VR AF LESSIOS, HA WEINBERG, JR STARCZAK, VR TI TEMPORAL VARIATION IN POPULATIONS OF THE MARINE ISOPOD EXCIROLANA - HOW STABLE ARE GENE-FREQUENCIES AND MORPHOLOGY SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE EXCIROLANA; EXTINCTION; GENE FREQUENCIES; MORPHOLOGY; RECOLONIZATION; VARIATION ID ALLELE FREQUENCY; LOCAL-POPULATIONS; PACIFIC SALMON; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FLUCTUATING POPULATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; POCKET GOPHERS; BEACH ISOPOD; SIZE AB Excirolana braziliensis is a dioecious marine isopod that lives in the high intertidal zone on both sides of tropical America. It lacks a dispersal phase and displays a remarkable degree of genetic divergence even between localities less than 1 km apart. Nine populations of this nominal species from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama and one population of the closely allied species, Excirolana chamensis, from the eastern Pacific were studied for 2 yr for allozymic temporal variation in 13 loci and for 3 to 4 yr for morphological variation in nine characters. The genetic and morphological constitution of 9 out of 10 populations remained stable. Allele frequencies at two loci and overall morphology in a tenth beach occupied by E. braziliensis changed drastically and significantly between 1986 and 1988. The change in gene frequency is too great to explain by genetic drift occurring during a maximum of 14 generations regardless of assumed effective population size; drift is also unlikely to have caused observed changes in morphology. Selective survival of a previously rare genotype is more plausible but still not probable. The most credible explanation is that the resident population at this locality became extinct and that the beach was recolonized by immigrants from another locality. Such infrequent episodes of extinction and recolonization from a single source may account for the large amount of genetic divergence between local populations off. braziliensis. However, the low probability of large temporal genetic change even in a species such as this, in which gene flow between local demes is limited and generation time is short, suggests that a single sample through time is usually adequate for reconstructing the genetic history of populations. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,POPULAT DYNAM BRANCH,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP LESSIOS, HA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 83 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 549 EP 563 DI 10.2307/2410468 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PX528 UT WOS:A1994PX52800003 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, WG AF EBERHARD, WG TI EVIDENCE FOR WIDESPREAD COURTSHIP DURING COPULATION IN 131 SPECIES OF INSECTS AND SPIDERS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CRYPTIC FEMALE CHOICE SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE COPULATION; COURTSHIP; CRYPTIC FEMALE CHOICE; INSECTS; INTRAGENERIC VARIATION; SEXUAL SELECTION; SPIDERS ID GENITAL MECHANICS; COLEOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; MELOLONTHINAE; HYMENOPTERA; EVOLUTION; FLY AB Male courtship behavior is generally thought to function prior to copulation, as an inducement to the female to allow the male to copulate with her; this study indicates however, that male courtship during and following copulation (''copulatory courtship'') is common in insects and spiders (81% of 131 species in 102 genera and 49 families, mostly Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, and Araneioidea). Copulatory courtship is apparently evolutionarily labile, as expected if it is under sexual selection; intrageneric variation occurred in all 17 genera in which more than one species was observed. In 81% of 94 species with copulatory courtship, the male abandoned the female soon after copulation ended; thus, copulatory courtship appears not to function generally to induce acceptance of further copulatory attempts. The most likely explanation for copulatory courtship is that it represents attempts by males to influence cryptic female choice. This suggests that an aspect of sexual selection by female choice not considered by Darwin may be more important than previously appreciated and that the common practice in evolutionary studies of measuring male reproductive success by counting numbers of copulations may sometimes be misleading because of cryptic female choice during and after copulation. C1 UNIV COSTA RICA,ESCUELA BIOL,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. RP EBERHARD, WG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CIUDAD UNIV,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. NR 40 TC 152 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 28 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 711 EP 733 DI 10.2307/2410481 PG 23 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PX528 UT WOS:A1994PX52800016 ER PT J AU ZOTZ, G WINTER, K AF ZOTZ, G WINTER, K TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBON GAIN OF THE LICHEN, LEPTOGIUM-AZUREUM, IN A LOWLAND TROPICAL FOREST SO FLORA LA English DT Article DE LEPTOGIUM-AZUREUM; LOWLAND RAIN FOREST; CARBON BALANCE; LICHEN ID WATER-CONTENT; CO2 EXCHANGE; RAIN-FORESTS; NEW-ZEALAND; MICROCLIMATE; PSEUDOCYPHELLARIA; ISLAND; FIELD AB CO2 gas exchange and microclimatic conditions of Leptogium azureum (Sw. ex ACH.) MONT., a foliose lichen, were investigated in the lowland tropical forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Thalli growing epiphytically in the forest canopy or epilithically on boulders in the understory were studied. Under the prevailing temperature and humidity conditions, thallus water contents were generally high during the night, resulting in high rates of respiration. Daytime net CO2 uptake was restricted by low light in the understory or by temporary reduction of thallus water content in the canopy. As a consequence, carbon balances were negative on many days. The results of these first field measurements of the CO2 gas exchange of a tropical lichen support the notion that the low abundance of macrolichens in tropical lowland forests is mainly caused by an unfavourable combination of high temperature and low light. RP ZOTZ, G (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG JENA PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0367-2530 J9 FLORA JI Flora PD JUN PY 1994 VL 189 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NX724 UT WOS:A1994NX72400006 ER PT J AU HUBER, KP JUNGEN, C YOSHINO, K ITO, K STARK, G AF HUBER, KP JUNGEN, C YOSHINO, K ITO, K STARK, G TI THE F RYDBERG SERIES IN THE ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM OF N-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM STATES; QUANTUM-DEFECT THEORY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; NITRIC-OXIDE; HOPFIELD SERIES; EXCITED-STATES; ENERGY-LEVELS; NO AB The nf Rydberg levels of N-14(2) converging to the X (2) Sigma(g)(+) ground state of N-2(+) have been studied from n=4-9 in the high-resolution absorption spectra of supersonically expanding nitrogen at wavelengths ranging from 843.2 to 802.6 Angstrom (118 600-124 600 cm(-1)). The best experimental results, achieving rotational temperatures on the order of 20 to 40 K and a resolution of 0.5 cm(-1), were obtained by photographing the jet absorption against the background continuum from a synchrotron radiation source. Complementary data for N-14(2) and N-15(2) come from the analyses of spectra recorded under equilibrium conditions at 70 K with a resolution of 1 cm(-1), using the He continuum as background source. The observations are interpreted with the help of multichannel quantum defect calculations and lead to the conclusion that, to varying degrees and with the exception of 4f(v=0), all the complexes studied here show the effects of interactions with core excited d and s Rydberg levels built on the A (IIu)-I-2 first excited state of N-2(+). Also, the 9f(v=0) complex is shown to be perturbed by 10p(v=0), and the strength of the p-f interaction, has been determined. C1 UNIV PARIS 11,CNRS,AIME COTTON LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,PHOTON FACTORY,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. WELLESLEY COLL,DEPT PHYS,WELLESLEY,MA 02181. RP HUBER, KP (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS,OTTAWA K1A 0R6,ON,CANADA. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 11 BP 7957 EP 7972 DI 10.1063/1.466841 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA NN731 UT WOS:A1994NN73100010 ER PT J AU DUDLEY, R SRYGLEY, RB AF DUDLEY, R SRYGLEY, RB TI PLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY OF NEOTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES - ALLOMETRY OF AIRSPEEDS DURING NATURAL FREE-FLIGHT SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BUTTERFLY; FLIGHT; AIRSPEED; ALLOMETRY ID FULGENS URANIIDAE MOTHS; HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; POWER REQUIREMENTS; AERODYNAMICS; KINEMATICS; BIOMECHANICS; MORPHOMETRICS; BUMBLEBEES AB Airspeed measurements during natural free flight were made on a total of 270 neotropical butterflies representing 62 species. Morphological data were obtained from the same individuals for which airspeeds had been determined. Flight speed was positively correlated with body mass, thoracic mass and wing loading. Controlling for body mass, higher wing loadings were correlated with increased flight speed. Flight speed and wing aspect ratio were negatively correlated. No consistent correlations were found between airspeed and wing length, wing area or body length. Released butterflies and butterflies encountered in natural free flight did not differ substantially in flight speed allometry. The observed scaling of flight speeds was similar to that derived for a much smaller sample of butterflies flying in an insectary, although absolute values of flight speed were approximately three times higher in natural flight and correlation coefficients of allometric regressions were typically lower. These results suggest that butterfly airspeeds under natural conditions can reasonably be predicted from morphological measurements, and that studying flight in enclosed spaces preserves the allometry of flight speeds. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP DUDLEY, R (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 9 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 191 BP 125 EP 139 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NU831 UT WOS:A1994NU83100007 ER PT J AU STORCH, V HIGGINS, RP MALAKHOV, VV ADRIANOV, AV AF STORCH, V HIGGINS, RP MALAKHOV, VV ADRIANOV, AV TI MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE INTROVERT OF PRIAPULUS-CAUDATUS AND P-TUBERCULATOSPINOSUS (PRIAPULIDA) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HALICRYPTUS-SPINULOSUS AB Introverts of Priapulus caudatus and P. tuberculatospinosus bear 25 rows of scalids, as well as 8 spines and scattered papillae in the region the circumoral lip. These, as well as the first ring of pharyngeal teeth in P. tuberculatospinosus, are sensory organs. Although superficially they differ between species, they are all characterized by apical and/or subapical openings which are located on tiny cuticular tubules. All sensory organs contain cilia bearing bipolar receptor cells. The 8 sensory spines situated between the circumoral area and the beginning of the scalids are ultrastructurally similar to the scalids. The introvert and pharyngeal body walls, and associated muscles are described. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST ZOOL,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST MARINE BIOL,VLADIVOSTOK,RUSSIA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 220 IS 3 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1002/jmor.1052200307 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA NR271 UT WOS:A1994NR27100006 ER PT J AU ZECHMAN, FW ZIMMER, EA THERIOT, EC AF ZECHMAN, FW ZIMMER, EA THERIOT, EC TI USE OF RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS FOR PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES IN DIATOMS SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLARIOPHYTA; CYCLOTELLA MENEGHINIANA; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; STEPHANODISCUS HANTZSCHII; S-NIAGARAE; S-YELLOWSTONENSIS; THALASSIOSIRACEAE ID SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM BACILLARIOPHYTA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA GENES; INTERGENIC REGION; RDNA; CHLOROPHYTA; EVOLUTION; YEAST AB Sequence variation of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) among populations, species, and genera of the diatom genus Stephanodiscus was investigated. ITS 1 and ITS 2, including the 5.8S gene, were sequenced from geographically distant and nearby populations of S. niagarae Ehrenberg. In addition, repeats from S. hantzschii Grunow and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing were sequenced to determine the taxonomic range over which the ITS region could be used for diatom systematics. The morphologically distinct S. yellowstonensis Theriot & Stoermer, thought to have evolved from S. niagarae in Yellowstone Lake between 12,000 and 8000 years ago, also was sequenced to assess its relationship to nearby S. niagarae populations. The organization and relative sizes of ITS 1 and ITS 2 in Stephanodiscus species were similar to those reported for other eukaryotes. In general, ITS 2 was slightly larger and more variable than ITS 1. Cladistic analysis of ITS sequences did not resolve relationships of nearby S. niagarae and S. yellowstonensis populations. However, central North American S. niagarae populations were in a clade supported by two nucleotide changes. For Cyclotella, much of the ITS region was not alignable with that for Stephanodiscus species; therefore, generic-level comparison within the Thalassiosiraceae may not be possible. The variation (95-96% similarity) between S. hantzschii and other Stephanodiscus species suggests that interspecific relationships could be assessed with ITS sequences. Although S. yellowstonensis is morphologically distinct from S. niagarae, no autapomorphic nucleotide sites were identified. Two S. niagarae populations (Heart and Lewis Lakes), however, did possess autapomorphic ITS sites. C1 ACAD NAT SCI PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19103. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MSC,MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011 NR 31 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.00507.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NU798 UT WOS:A1994NU79800017 ER PT J AU HAY, MA BELLEM, AC BROWN, JL GOODROWE, KL AF HAY, MA BELLEM, AC BROWN, JL GOODROWE, KL TI REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS IN TAMANDUA (TAMANDUA-TETRADACTYLA) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ANTEATER; TAMANDUA-TETRADACTYLA; URINARY HORMONES; REPRODUCTION; ESTROUS CYCLE ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; URINARY; METABOLITES; CAT AB The tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) or lesser anteater is a member of the family Myrmecophagidae in the order Xenarthra (Edentata), which consists of neotropical sloths, anteaters, and armadillos. Little is known about this order in general or tamandua in particular. Because of the difficulty in obtaining field data and the poor propagation record of the few specimens listed in the International Species Inventory System (ISIS), captive xenarthrans are a valuable source of physiological and behavioral information for this order. Daily urine samples were collected from two female tamandua over 420 days and analyzed for concentrations of estrone conjugates (EC), pregnanediol-glucuronide (PdG), and cortisol concomitant with collection of vaginal smears to correlate changes in vaginal epithelial cells with endocrine patterns. Hormonal analyses indicted that one of the females demonstrated regular estrous cycles lasting 42 +/- 3 days with no apparent effect of season. Based on the rise and fall of PdG values, the luteal phase lasted 23.4 +/- 1.0 days (n = 10) with peak PdG concentrations (18 +/- 0.8 ng/mg creatinine [Cr]) occurring 12 days later than peak EC (37 +/- 11 ng/mg Cr). Examination of vaginal cytology indicated the occurrence of red blood cells 1-3 days prior to and during the rise in urinary EC; however, stained vaginal epithelial cells displayed no clearly defined pattern of cornification. The second female had regular bloody vaginal discharges that occurred every 40 days and lasted 7-12 days without any corresponding changes in excretory endocrine patterns. Although concentrations of estrogen and progesterone metabolites in the urine were greater during the initial three cycles compared to subsequent cycles, there was no correlation between declining ovarian steroid levels and urinary cortisol concentrations. A better understanding of the reproductive physiology in this particular species could assist in the captive breeding not only of small anteaters but also of the more threatened anteater species. C1 NATL ZOOL PK CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP HAY, MA (reprint author), METRO TORONTO ZOO,POB 280,W HILL M1E 4RS,ON,CANADA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 248 EP 258 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NR336 UT WOS:A1994NR33600008 ER PT J AU RILEY, S AF RILEY, S TI AMONG THE IMMORTALS - LAKE,P SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP RILEY, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 10 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NN211 UT WOS:A1994NN21100207 ER PT J AU MYHER, JJ KUKSIS, A TILDEN, C OFTEDAL, OT AF MYHER, JJ KUKSIS, A TILDEN, C OFTEDAL, OT TI A CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISON OF NEUTRAL LIPID-COMPOSITION OF MILK-FAT OF PROSIMIAN PRIMATES SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; MAMMARY-GLAND; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRIGLYCERIDES; LEMURIDAE; PATIENT; GOAT AB The fatty acid composition of milk fat is known to be affected by dietary and genetic differences, while the milk triacylglycerol structure is believed to be attuned to the needs of the subsequent lipolysis during gastrointestinal passage. The availability of milk samples from eight species of prosimian primates, whose milk triacylglycerol structure had not been analyzed, offered an opportunity to further assess these ideas. The milk samples were collected by manual expression and the lipids extracted with chloroform/methanol (2:1, vol/vol). The lipid classes were resolved by thin-layer chromatography, and the neutral lipids subjected to detailed analyses by capillary gas-liquid chromatography of fatty acids and molecular species of triacylglycerols using nonpolar and polarizable liquid phases. The milk samples were found to differ greatly in total fat content (4-73%) and in the composition of the neutral lipid classes and molecular species. The concentration of triacylglycerols ranged from 88-95%, free fatty acids from 0.5-10%, alkyldiacylglycerols from 0.5-5.0%, and diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerol and free and esterified cholesterol made up the remainder. The fatty acid chain length ranged from C-8-C-24, With palmitic (16-31%) and oleic (13-40%) acids being the major components in most of the species. In all instances, the molecular association of the fatty acids differed from random distribution by a higher proportion of the monoacid (trioleoyl) and diacid (dipalmitoyloleoyl) glycerols. The phylogenetic influences on neutral milk lipid composition, however, remained unclear, as some of the differences between closely related species were greater than those between more distantly related ones. C1 UNIV TORONTO,BANTING & BEST DEPT MED RES,TORONTO M5G 1L6,ON,CANADA. DUKE UNIV,CTR PRIMATE,DEPT BIOL ANTHROPOL & ANAT,DURHAM,NC 27705. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 6 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1007/BF02537310 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NR917 UT WOS:A1994NR91700006 PM 8090062 ER PT J AU DINEEN, JF HINES, AH AF DINEEN, JF HINES, AH TI EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND ADULT EXTRACT ON SETTLEMENT OF THE OLIGOHALINE BARNACLE BALANUS-SUBALBIDUS SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERTIDAL BARNACLE; DELAYED METAMORPHOSIS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; AMPHITRITE DARWIN; LARVAL BARNACLES; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; CYPRIS LARVAE; RECRUITMENT; ATTACHMENT; BALANOIDES AB Balanus subalbidus (Henry) has the most oligohaline distribution of three congeneric barnacles in Chesapeake Bay and tolerates prolonged exposure to fresh water. We studied larval settlement (i.e., permanent attachment and metamorphosis) of B. subalbidus in the laboratory, over a 3 yr period, May 1989 to March 1992, under the following conditions: (1) across an array of salinities at 25 degrees C in the presence and absence of settlement factor consisting of adult B. subalbidus extract; (2) in the presence of conspecific or congeneric settlement factors; and (3) cyprids which were, and were not, induced to delay metamorphosis were compared in their capacities to settle in a range of salinities. Discrepancies between salinity profiles of larval settlement in the laboratory and adult oligohaline distribution in the estuary were striking, and there was a significant interaction between salinity and settlement factor. Averaging results of four different batches of larvae, although peak settlement (87+/-9%) of B. subalbidus occurred at 2 ppt salinity in the presence of adult cue, substantial settlement also occurred at higher salinities: >70% at 5, 10 and 15 ppt; and 47% at 20 and 25 ppt. In addition, settlement in the absence of settlement factor was relatively high (>50%) and peaked at mid-salinity ranges (e.g. 56+/-10% at 15 ppt). Variation observed in settlement among larval batches reflected detailed differences in settlement between adjacent test salinities. No difference in settlement occurred between replicate aliquots of cyprids within a batch. Cyprids of B. subalbidus settled most abundantly in the presence of settlement factor extracted from conspecifics, followed in decreasing order by settlement factor extracted from B. improvisus and B. eburneus. Delay of metamorphosis produced by keeping B. subalbidus cyprids for 8 d at 5 degrees C resulted in a decreased level of settlement, but settlement frequency patterns of delayed and non-delayed cyprids were indistinguishable relative to salinity. These results indicate that the oligohaline distribution of adult B. subalbidus is probably not determined by larval behavior at settlement. We suggest that pre-settlement behavior, resulting in larval retention in low saline waters, could be an important factor in determining distribution of this species. RP DINEEN, JF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1007/BF00347539 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NV039 UT WOS:A1994NV03900012 ER PT J AU GRICE, JD DUNN, PJ AF GRICE, JD DUNN, PJ TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE REFINEMENT OF MG-RICH AND ZN-RICH SONOLITE FROM FRANKLIN AND STERLIN-HILL, NEW-JERSEY SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Note C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GRICE, JD (reprint author), CANADIAN MUSEUM NAT,MINERAL SCI SECT,OTTAWA KLP 6P4,ON,CANADA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW7 5HR SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 391 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.1180/minmag.1994.058.391.16 PG 4 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA NQ391 UT WOS:A1994NQ39100016 ER PT J AU WARKENTIN, IG CURZON, AD CARTER, RE WETTON, JH JAMES, PC OLIPHANT, LW PARKIN, DT AF WARKENTIN, IG CURZON, AD CARTER, RE WETTON, JH JAMES, PC OLIPHANT, LW PARKIN, DT TI NO EVIDENCE FOR EXTRAPAIR FERTILIZATIONS IN THE MERLIN REVEALED BY DNA-FINGERPRINTING SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MERLIN; FALCO COLUMBARIUS; EXTRAPAIR COPULATIONS; DNA FINGERPRINTING; PATERNITY; SASKATCHEWAN ID URBAN-BREEDING MERLINS; PATERNITY ASSURANCE; FALCO-COLUMBARIUS; BIRDS; COPULATION AB Broods of young merlins were compared with the adults in attendance at their nest by DNA fingerprinting. No offspring were found that mismatched genetically suggesting that intraspecific brood parasitism and extrapair fertilization are very rare in this population. The results are discussed in the light of the Paternity Assurance Hypothesis. C1 SMITHSONIAN MIGRATORY BIRD CTR,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. QUEENS MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT GENET,NOTTINGHAM NG7 2UH,ENGLAND. SASKATCHEWAN MUSEUM NAT HIST,REGINA S4P 3V7,SK,CANADA. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT VET ANAT,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SK,CANADA. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT INST CANC RES,DENVER,CO 80206. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 3 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00056.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA NW713 UT WOS:A1994NW71300006 PM 8061879 ER PT J AU ZOTZ, G TYREE, MT COCHARD, H AF ZOTZ, G TYREE, MT COCHARD, H TI HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE, WATER RELATIONS AND VULNERABILITY TO CAVITATION OF CLUSIA-UVITANA PITTIER - A C-3-CAM TROPICAL HEMIEPIPHYTE SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CLUSIA UVITANA; WATER RELATIONS; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; CAVITATION AB Clusia uvitana Pittier (Clusiaceae) is a tropical hemiepiphyte that has been shown to display a high plasticity in the expression of CAM in response to the environment. When water is available CO2 is taken up mostly during the day. This study of the water relations and hydraulic architecture has revealed that leaf water potentials, Psi, ranged from -0.7 to -0.9 MPa and changed very little with time or water availability. The absolute hydraulic conductivity of stem segments (K-h) and the specific conductivity (K-s) were comparable to many other temperate and tropical species, but the leaf specificity conductivity (K-L) was 1/3 to 1/30 that of many other species. So stems supported high leaf areas per unit of hydraulic conductivity. C. uvitana was very vulnerable to cavitation, reaching 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at stem Psi = -1.3 MPa. The species survives in spite of low K-L and high xylem vulnerability, because the CAM physiology insures low transpiration rates and high ability to evade dehydration. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. US FOREST SERV, BURLINGTON, VT 05402 USA. INRA, ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE LAB, CHAMPENOUX, FRANCE. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 127 IS 2 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04279.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NX744 UT WOS:A1994NX74400008 ER PT J AU CADAVAL, O AF CADAVAL, O TI COFFEE FARMERS AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION - WHATS IN A GOOD CUP OF COFFEE SO NEW YORK FOLKLORE LA English DT Article RP CADAVAL, O (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK FOLKLORE SOC PI NEWFIELD PA PO BOX 130, NEWFIELD, NY 14867 SN 0361-204X J9 NEW YORK FOLKLORE JI N. Y. Folk. PD SUM-FAL PY 1994 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA TH431 UT WOS:A1994TH43100003 ER PT J AU NADKARNI, NM PARKER, G AF NADKARNI, NM PARKER, G TI CREATION OF THE CANOPY RESEARCH NETWORK SO OBSERVATORY LA English DT Letter C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP NADKARNI, NM (reprint author), EVERGREEN STATE COLL,LAB 1,OLYMPIA,WA 98505, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OBSERVATORY PI OXFORDSHIRE PA RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, CHILTON DIDCOT, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX11 OQX SN 0029-7704 J9 OBSERVATORY JI Observatory PD JUN PY 1994 VL 114 IS 1120 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NT111 UT WOS:A1994NT11100008 ER PT J AU GILBERT, GS HUBBELL, SP FOSTER, RB AF GILBERT, GS HUBBELL, SP FOSTER, RB TI DENSITY AND DISTANCE-TO-ADULT EFFECTS OF A CANKER DISEASE OF TREES IN A MOIST TROPICAL FOREST SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE OCOTEA-WHITEI; LAURACEAE JANZEN-CONNELL HYPOTHESIS; PLANT DISEASE DENSITY DEPENDENCE ID DISPERSAL DISTANCE; RECRUITMENT; COMMUNICATION; SEEDLINGS; PATHOGENS; MORTALITY; DIVERSITY AB We compared the spatial distribution of stem cankers on the canopy tree Ocotea whitei (Lauraceae) in a 20-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, with spatial and temporal patterns of mortality in this host over the previous decade. The cankers occur both on adult and juvenile individuals, although juveniles are much more likely the adults to show symptoms. Disease incidence is host-density dependent, and both the presence of the disease and host mortality are more likely close to than far from a conspecific adult, which resulted in a net spatial shift of the juvenile population away from conspecific adults through time. Disease incidence is lower than expected among juveniles of 0. whitei growing near to adults of the non-susceptible canopy tree Beilschmiedia pendula. The coincidence of spatial patterns of canker incidence and host mortality suggest a role for the disease in regulating host spatial distribution, in agreement with predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. FIELD MUSEUM,DEPT BOT,CHICAGO,IL 60607. RP GILBERT, GS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Gilbert, Gregory/C-2595-2008 NR 29 TC 109 Z9 121 U1 5 U2 30 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 1994 VL 98 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF00326095 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NR696 UT WOS:A1994NR69600013 PM 28312801 ER PT J AU CORNEJO, FH VARELA, A WRIGHT, SJ AF CORNEJO, FH VARELA, A WRIGHT, SJ TI TROPICAL FOREST LITTER DECOMPOSITION UNDER SEASONAL DROUGHT - NUTRIENT RELEASE, FUNGI AND BACTERIA SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID LEAF LITTER; RAIN FORESTS; DYNAMICS; FALL AB Irrigation was used to study the consequences of seasonal drought for nutrient release and bacterial and fungal numbers during dry season litter decomposition in tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Litter bags containing a single species of leaves were placed beneath conspecific trees at the onset of the dry season in December 1987 and collected at one-month intervals until the onset of the wet season in May 1988. Serial dilutions were used to quantify densities of fungi and bacteria. Nutrient concentrations in recalcitrant litter fractions showed rapid declines in the first month of exposure (K, P) followed by bioaccumulation (N) or no significant changes over the next four months (P, K, Mg and most Ca). Irrigation depressed K concentrations and enhanced N and Mg concentrations possibly as a consequence of leaching and bioaccumulation, respectively. Irrigation also depressed fungal densities at the community level and for three of eight species that were analysed separately. Densities of three of the remaining species of fungi varied significantly among litter substrate species. Bacterial densities were enhanced by irrigation after one month of exposure but were depressed after five months which may reflect reduced litter substrate quality. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 38 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 30 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 1994 VL 70 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.2307/3545629 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP944 UT WOS:A1994NP94400002 ER PT J AU MARINESCU, M SADEGHPOUR, HR DALGARNO, A AF MARINESCU, M SADEGHPOUR, HR DALGARNO, A TI DYNAMIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES OF RUBIDIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note AB We present a procedure for the calculation of dynamic polarizabilities and we obtain numerical values of the dynamic polarizabilities of rubidium to compare with recent measurements at the frequency of the Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser at 1064 nm. We obtain at 1064 nm a polarizability of 711.4a0(3) compared to the measured value of (769 +/- 61)a0(3). RP MARINESCU, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 5103 EP 5104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.5103 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA NT908 UT WOS:A1994NT90800102 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI LONDON - LEAPMAN,M SO RQ LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0033-7072 J9 RQ JI RQ PD SUM PY 1994 VL 33 IS 4 BP 557 EP 557 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NX228 UT WOS:A1994NX22800030 ER PT J AU GRAYBEAL, A AF GRAYBEAL, A TI EVALUATING THE PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY OF GENES - A SEARCH FOR GENES INFORMATIVE ABOUT DEEP DIVERGENCES AMONG VERTEBRATES SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYLOGENY; DNA SEQUENCES; GENBANK; RATE OF EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; RATES; ALBUMIN; PROTEIN; P53 AB Genes widely used in systematic studies have proven valuable for the resolution of relatively shallow (<50 million years ago [MYA]) and very deep (>300 MYA) divergences, but genes useful for moderately deep divergences have been lacking. Computerized data bases of gene sequences are growing at a rapid pace and provide a rich resource of genes likely to contain phylogenetic information about many levels of divergence. Despite the fact that the chosen gene must be appropriately matched to the phylogenetic divergence(s) of interest, little attention has been given to the estimation and/or evaluation of the likely phylogenetic utility of genes. Knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among organisms for which gene sequences are commonly available provides a powerful tool for estimating this utility. I conducted a survey with the goal of identifying the most promising genes for investigating divergences ranging from approximately 50 to 200 MYA in an amphibian clade. Nine nuclear protein genes were identified. These genes may be useful to systematists working on taxa with similar divergence times, and the general approach may serve as an example of how other such surveys could be conducted. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,MUSEUM VERTEBRATE ZOOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP GRAYBEAL, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 89 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGISTS PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY NHB 163, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 43 IS 2 BP 174 EP 193 DI 10.2307/2413460 PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA PD840 UT WOS:A1994PD84000002 ER PT J AU HUELSENBECK, JP SWOFFORD, DL CUNNINGHAM, CW BULL, JJ WADDELL, PJ AF HUELSENBECK, JP SWOFFORD, DL CUNNINGHAM, CW BULL, JJ WADDELL, PJ TI IS CHARACTER WEIGHTING A PANACEA FOR THE PROBLEM OF DATA HETEROGENEITY IN PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, MOLEC SYSTEMAT LAB, MRC 534, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. MASSEY UNIV, DEPT PLANT BIOL, PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND. RP HUELSENBECK, JP (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS, DEPT ZOOL, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. RI Huelsenbeck, John/C-6398-2013; Cunningham, Clifford/B-9807-2014; OI Cunningham, Clifford/0000-0002-5434-5122 NR 9 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 43 IS 2 BP 288 EP 291 DI 10.2307/2413470 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA PD840 UT WOS:A1994PD84000012 ER PT J AU VEGA, JH RAPPOLE, JH AF VEGA, JH RAPPOLE, JH TI EFFECTS OF SCRUB MECHANICAL TREATMENT ON THE NONGAME BIRD COMMUNITY IN THE RIO-GRANDE PLAIN OF TEXAS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE CONSERVATION; HABITAT ALTERATION; NONGAME BIRDS; RIO-GRANDE PLAIN; SCRUB CONTROL; TEXAS ID MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CTR CONSERVAT & RES,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP VEGA, JH (reprint author), TEXAS A&I UNIV,CAESAR KLEBERG WILDLIFE RES INST,KINGSVILLE,TX 78363, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1994 VL 22 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA NV302 UT WOS:A1994NV30200003 ER PT J AU JUNG, RE MORTON, ES FLEISCHER, RC AF JUNG, RE MORTON, ES FLEISCHER, RC TI BEHAVIOR AND PARENTAGE OF A WHITE-THROATED SPARROW X DARK-EYED JUNCO HYBRID SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LAZULI BUNTINGS; SONG; ORGANIZATION; ALBICOLLIS; HYPOLEUCA; INDIGO AB A hybrid White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) x Dark-eye Junco (Junco hyemalis) was captured in Oct. 1991 in Potomac, Maryland, and studied in captivity until July 1992. The hybrid sang a mixed song composed of a junco trill followed by sparrow ''peabody'' notes. Another song included 30 notes, with only two recognizable as sparrow and six as junco notes. The hybrid responded most actively to playbacks of its own song, similarly to songs of a junco and a sparrow, and least to a Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) song. When the hybrid was presented with same-sex, sparrow-junco pairs, the hybrid showed no difference in behavior toward the males, but spent significantly more time, and flew, hopped, called, and preened more on the side with the female sparrows than with the female juncos. Based on mitochondrial DNA analysis, the hybrid's mother was a White-throated Sparrow. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ZOOL RES,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP JUNG, RE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ZOOL,BIRGE HALL,430 LINCOLN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 106 IS 2 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA NT012 UT WOS:A1994NT01200001 ER PT J AU SCHWEDE, G HENDRICHS, H WEMMER, C AF SCHWEDE, G HENDRICHS, H WEMMER, C TI EARLY MOTHER-YOUNG RELATIONS IN WHITE-TAILED DEER SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MOTHER-YOUNG; EARLY ONTOGENY ID FAWNS; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR AB During 1986-1988, mother-young relations in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were studied at the National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center. During the first few weeks after parturition, mothers associated very little with their fawns and periods of contact were brief; they visited their fawns predominantly at sunrise and sunset. Later, fawns were visited randomly, and time of contacts and length of time between successive contacts became variable. Mothers kept the shortest distances during the first 2 weeks; distances then increased and remained constant. Up to 4 weeks of age, distances were shortest at night, but later, mothers were located farthest from their fawns during this time. Mother-young distances during times of reunion also increased with age. Behavioral differences between sexes began to unfold in mother-young relationships as early as 3 weeks after birth and persisted throughout the first 3 months. Males associated less and more loosely with their mothers than females. C1 UNIV BIELEFELD,DEPT ETHOL,W-4800 BIELEFELD,GERMANY. SMITHSONIAN INST,CTR CONSERVAT & RES,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP SCHWEDE, G (reprint author), WORLD WILDLIFE FUND GERMANY,HEDDERICHSTR 110,D-60591 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY 31 PY 1994 VL 75 IS 2 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.2307/1382565 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NQ195 UT WOS:A1994NQ19500022 ER PT J AU WORRALL, DM BIRKINSHAW, M AF WORRALL, DM BIRKINSHAW, M TI MULTIPLE X-RAY-EMISSION COMPONENTS IN LOW-POWER RADIO GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ACTIVE; RADIO CONTINUUM, GALAXIES; RADIATION MECHANISMS, MISCELLANEOUS; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID VLBI OBSERVATIONS; COMPLETE SAMPLE; CENTAURUS-A; SPECTRUM; NGC-6251; CLUSTERS; NUCLEUS; BLAZARS; HALO; M87 AB We report X-ray observations of the first six sources observed with ROSAT in our study of low-power radio galaxies. Spatial and spectral measurements show that both resolved (thermal) and unresolved X-ray emission in a single source are typical, although the relative strength and size of the resolved component varies between objects. The unresolved X-ray component correlates well with the core radio emission and may be dominated by nonthermal emission associated with an inner radio jet. RP WORRALL, DM (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 38 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1086/174126 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NM046 UT WOS:A1994NM04600008 ER PT J AU HUGHES, JP AF HUGHES, JP TI A NEW TRANSIENT PULSAR IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD WITH AN UNUSUAL X-RAY-SPECTRUM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, GENERAL; PULSARS, INDIVIDUAL (RX-J0059.2-7138); STARS, EMISSION-LINE, BE; STARS, NEUTRON; X-RAYS, STARS ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ROSAT AB This article reports the discovery of a luminous (3.5 x 10(37) ergs s-1 over the 0.2-2 keV band) transient X-ray pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with an extremely soft component to its X-ray spectrum. This is the first time that a spectrum of this type has been seen in this class of X-ray source. The pulse period is 2.7632 s, and the pulse modulation appears to vary with energy from nearly unpulsed in the low-energy band of the ROSAT PSPC (0.07-0.4 keV) to about 50% in the high-energy band (1.0-2.4 keV). The object, RX J0059.2-7138, also shows flickering variability in its X-ray emission on timescales of 50-100 s. The pulse-phase-averaged PSPC X-ray spectrum can be well described by a two-component source model seen through an absorbing column density of approximately 10(21) atoms cm-2. One spectral component is a power law with photon index 2.4. The other component is significantly softer and can be described by either a steeply falling power law or a blackbody with a temperature kT(BB) approximately 35 eV. This component is transient, but evidently unpulsed, and, for the blackbody model fits, requires a large bolometric luminosity: near, or even several times greater than, the Eddington luminosity for a 1.4 M. object. When these characteristics of its soft emission are considered, RX J0059.2-7138 appears quite similar to other X-ray sources in the Magellanic Clouds, such as CAL 83, CAL 87, and RX J0527.8-6954, which show only extreme ultrasoft (EUS) X-ray spectra. The discovery of RX J0059.2-7138, a probable high-mass X-ray binary, clearly indicates that EUS spectra may arise from accretion-powered neutron-star X-ray sources. This result lends support to the idea that some of the ''pure'' EUS sources may be shrouded low-mass X-ray binaries rather than accreting white dwarfs. RP HUGHES, JP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1994 VL 427 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/187356 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NM047 UT WOS:A1994NM04700007 ER PT J AU GINGERICH, O AF GINGERICH, O TI GALILEO - DECISIVE INNOVATOR. - SHARRATT,M SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review RP GINGERICH, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 19 PY 1994 VL 369 IS 6477 BP 195 EP 195 DI 10.1038/369195a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NM067 UT WOS:A1994NM06700041 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, LA DONOGHUE, AM IGO, W SIMMONS, LG WILDT, DE RIEFFENBERGER, J AF JOHNSTON, LA DONOGHUE, AM IGO, W SIMMONS, LG WILDT, DE RIEFFENBERGER, J TI OOCYTE RECOVERY AND MATURATION IN THE AMERICAN BLACK BEAR (URSUS-AMERICANUS) - A MODEL FOR ENDANGERED URSIDS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANDA AILUROPODA-MELANOLEUCA; MEIOTIC MATURATION; DEVELOPMENTAL CAPACITY; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; OVARIAN OOCYTES; MOUSE OOCYTES; PIG OOCYTES; INVITRO; CONFIGURATIONS; PROGESTERONE AB A study was conducted to determine if meiotic maturation could be induced in ovarian oocytes of the American black bear (Ursus americanus), a model for gamete ''rescue'' techniques for endangered ursids. Ovaries obtained from 48 black bears yielded 2,403 oocytes (51.1 +/- 4.9/female), of which 777 (32.3%) were morphologically classified as excellent quality. More total oocytes were recovered from donors that were anestrous compared to luteal/pregnant (P < 0.05) at the time of ovarian excision. Delaying the recovery of oocytes from antral follicles within excised ovaries from 12-24 hr to 25-36 hr had no effect (P > 0.05) on the overall number of high quality oocytes recovered or subsequent maturational ability. The highest incidence of metaphase Il was reached between 48 and 60 hr of in vitro incubation. Donor status (anestrous vs. luteal/pregnant) had no influence on the oocyte maturation rate by 24 or 48 hr, but by 60 hr, more (P < 0.05) oocytes recovered from anestrous females (43.9%) had achieved metaphase II compared to luteal/pregnant counterparts (23.1%). In preliminary trials involving endangered ursids, 54 ovarian oocytes were recovered from three aged sun bears (Helarctos malayanus), of which 72.2% were excellent quality and 15.4% matured in vitro to metaphase II. Similarly, 119 antral oocytes were recovered from two aged sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), of which 41.2% were excellent and 17.5% matured in vitro. These results demonstrate that: (1) ursid oocytes undergo nuclear maturation in vitro; (2) reproductive status of the donor influences the total number and maturational ability of recovered oocytes; and (3) preliminary observations suggest the American black bear to be a useful model for developing oocyte rescue techniques for related but endangered species. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. W VIRGINIA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ELKINS,WV 26241. USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JOHNSTON, LA (reprint author), OMAHAS HENRY DOORLY ZOO,3701 S 10TH ST,OMAHA,NE 68107, USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD MAY 15 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1002/jez.1402690107 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NL326 UT WOS:A1994NL32600006 PM 8207381 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, R AF KALFATOVIC, R TI WRITINGS INTERVIEWS - SERRA,R SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,NATL PORTRAIT GALLERY LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 15 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 9 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NL230 UT WOS:A1994NL23000055 ER PT J AU MAO, S KOCHANEK, CS AF MAO, S KOCHANEK, CS TI LIMITS ON GALAXY EVOLUTION SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, EVOLUTION; GALAXIES, FORMATION; COSMOLOGY, THEORY; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS SURVEYS; COLD DARK MATTER; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; FAINT GALAXIES; STATISTICS; LIGHT; DISTRIBUTIONS; POTENTIALS AB The evolution of galaxies through collapse, merging, and accretion between now and z = 1 is constrained by its effects on gravitational lens statistics and image separations. If we consider the process of galaxy formation, most galaxies must have collapsed and dynamically resemble the ones seen today by a redshift of 0.8 (90 per cent confidence limit). If E and S0 galaxies are formed by mergers of spiral galaxies, most of the E/S0s must be formed by a redshift of 0.4. If large galaxies are formed by mergers of smaller galaxies, then the local rate of mergers must be less than 2.8 mergers per galaxy in a Hubble time H0(-1). New galaxy populations with velocity dispersion scales of 100, 150 and 200 km s-1 must have comoving densities less than 0.15 h3, 0.032 h3 and 0.0 17 h3 Mpc-3. These limits do not constrain the faint blue galaxy population because their mass-scale is probably much less than 100 km s-1. In the OMEGA = 1 Einstein-de Sitter cosmology, the best model is always the no-evolution model. These limits are consistent with other determinations, but they are derived by a completely independent technique. Cosmological models with a large cosmological constant are consistent with lens statistics given a sufficiently high rate of evolution; for an OMEGA = 0.2, LAMBDA = 0.8 model, this means that E/S0 galaxies cannot collapse until z congruent-to 0.75. This contradicts models of galaxy formation, and galaxy number counts, so galaxy evolution does not provide a means of evading the limits on LAMBDA from the statistics of gravitational lenses. In general, only a dramatic evolution of the E/S0 galaxy population at redshifts less than z = 1 produces a detectable effect on the existing surveys for gravitational lenses. RP MAO, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 61 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 15 PY 1994 VL 268 IS 2 BP 569 EP 580 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NM561 UT WOS:A1994NM56100028 ER PT J AU GOLDWIRTH, DS PERRY, MJ AF GOLDWIRTH, DS PERRY, MJ TI STRING-DOMINATED COSMOLOGY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSE AB If string theory controls physics at the string scale, the dynamics of the early Universe before the GUT era will be governed by the low-energy string equations of motion. Studying these equations, we find that depending on the initial conditions when the stringy era starts, and on the time when this era ends, there are a variety of qualitatively distinct types of evolution. Among these is the possibility that the Universe underwent a period of inflation. A by-product of this analysis is the observation that it is often possible to erase any evidence of a dilaton at late times. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW,ENGLAND. RP GOLDWIRTH, DS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 15 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 10 BP 5019 EP 5025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.49.5019 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA NN990 UT WOS:A1994NN99000005 ER PT J AU SIMKIN, T AF SIMKIN, T TI DISTANT EFFECTS OF VOLCANISM - HOW BIG AND HOW OFTEN SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP SIMKIN, T (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,GLOBAL VOLCANISM PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5161 BP 913 EP 914 DI 10.1126/science.264.5161.913 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NK974 UT WOS:A1994NK97400023 PM 17830078 ER PT J AU CERUZZI, P AF CERUZZI, P TI CODEBREAKERS - THE INSIDE STORY AT BLETCHLEY PARK. - HINSLEY,FH, STRIPP,A SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP CERUZZI, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5161 BP 990 EP 992 DI 10.1126/science.264.5161.990 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NK974 UT WOS:A1994NK97400045 PM 17830091 ER PT J AU SEIDENSTICKER, J AF SEIDENSTICKER, J TI THE AFRICAN LEOPARD - ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF A SOLITARY FELID. - BAILEY,TN SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP SEIDENSTICKER, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5161 BP 1005 EP 1006 DI 10.1126/science.264.5161.1005 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NK974 UT WOS:A1994NK97400060 PM 17830101 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, RM COREY, BE FALCO, EE SHAPIRO, II GORENSTEIN, MV ELOSEGUI, P MARCAIDE, JM ALVI, K AF CAMPBELL, RM COREY, BE FALCO, EE SHAPIRO, II GORENSTEIN, MV ELOSEGUI, P MARCAIDE, JM ALVI, K TI TOWARD ESTIMATION OF H(0) FROM VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS SYSTEM-0957+561 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DISTANCE SCALE; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; QUASARS, INDIVIDUAL (0957 + 561); TECHNIQUES, INTERFEROMETRIC ID TIME-DELAY; QUASAR 0957+561; Q0957+561; IMAGES; GALAXIES; SYSTEM; MODELS AB We have analyzed two epochs of 6 cm VLBI observations of the two brightest images, A and B, of the gravitationally lensed quasar 0957+561 in a search for correlated structural evolution from which to estimate DELTAtau(BA) the difference in propagation time for light traveling between the quasar and Earth along the paths corresponding to these two images. However, we detected only marginal increases in the separation between the core and the innermost jet component in each image over the 2 year interval 1987-1989. Because monitoring image brightness variations has since led to apparently reliable estimates of DELTAtau(BA), we intend to use spatial variations in the relative magnification field across the extent of the images to constrain further the mass distribution of the lens, which is now the principal contributor to the uncertainty in estimates of H0 from this lens system. C1 HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01866. MILLIPORE CORP,DIV WATERS CHROMATOG,MILFORD,MA 01757. INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA,GRANADA,SPAIN. UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT MATEMAT APLICADA & ASTRON,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP CAMPBELL, RM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 1994 VL 426 IS 2 BP 486 EP 492 DI 10.1086/174084 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NK032 UT WOS:A1994NK03200003 ER PT J AU HARTMANN, L HEWETT, R CALVET, N AF HARTMANN, L HEWETT, R CALVET, N TI MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION MODELS FOR T-TAURI STARS .1. BALMER LINE-PROFILES WITHOUT ROTATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; LINE, PROFILES; STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; FORBIDDEN-LINE; DISK ACCRETION; WINDS; MASS; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; VELOCITIES; MOMENTUM; FLOW AB We argue that the strong emission lines of T Tauri stars are generally produced in infalling envelopes. Simple models of infall constrained to a dipolar magnetic field geometry explain many peculiarities of observed line profiles that are difficult, if not impossible, to reproduce with wind models. Radiative transfer effects explain why certain lines can appear quite symmetric while other lines simultaneously exhibit inverse P Cygni profiles, without recourse to complicated velocity fields. The success of the infall models in accounting for qualitative features of observed line profiles supports the proposal that stellar magnetospheres disrupt disk accretion in T Tauri stars, that true boundary layers are not usually present in T Tauri stars, and that the observed ''blue veiling'' emission arises from the base of the magnetospheric accretion column. C1 CTR INVEST ASTRON,MERIDA 5101A,VENEZUELA. RP HARTMANN, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MAIL STOP 15,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 58 TC 314 Z9 314 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 1994 VL 426 IS 2 BP 669 EP 687 DI 10.1086/174104 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NK032 UT WOS:A1994NK03200023 ER PT J AU KUCHNER, MJ KIRSHNER, RP PINTO, PA LEIBUNDGUT, B AF KUCHNER, MJ KIRSHNER, RP PINTO, PA LEIBUNDGUT, B TI EVIDENCE FOR NI-56 ]CO-56-]FE-56 DECAY IN TYPE-IA SUPERNOVAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUPERNOVAE, GENERAL ID SPECTRA AB In the prevailing picture of Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia), their explosive burning produces Ni-56, and the radioactive decay chain Ni-56 --> Co-56 --> Fe-56 powers the subsequent emission. We test a central feature of this theory by measuring the relative strengths of a [Co III] emission feature near 5900 angstrom and a [Fe III] emission feature near 4700 angstrom. We measure 38 spectra from 13 SN Ia ranging from 48 to 310 days after maximum light. When we compare the observations with a simple multilevel calculation, we find that the observed Fe/Co flux ratio evolves as expected when the Fe-56/Co-56 abundance ratio follows from Ni-56 --> Co-56 --> Fe-56 decay. From this agreement, we conclude that the cobalt and iron atoms we observe through SN la emission lines arc produced by the radioactive decay of Ni-56, just as predicted by a wide range of models for SN Ia explosions. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85724. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP KUCHNER, MJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 1994 VL 426 IS 2 BP L89 EP L92 DI 10.1086/187347 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NK033 UT WOS:A1994NK03300009 ER PT J AU KRESS, WJ SCHATZ, GE ANDRIANIFAHANANA, M MORLAND, HS AF KRESS, WJ SCHATZ, GE ANDRIANIFAHANANA, M MORLAND, HS TI POLLINATION OF RAVENALA-MADAGASCARIENSIS (STRELITZIACEAE) BY LEMURS IN MADAGASCAR - EVIDENCE FOR AN ARCHAIC COEVOLUTIONARY SYSTEM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID MAMMAL POLLINATION; RODENT POLLINATION; AFRICAN; NECTAR; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY; FLOWERS AB Investigations of the floral biology of the traveler's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis) and the ecology of the ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata), both endemic to the island of Madagascar, suggest a plant-pollinator relationship. Ravenala exhibits many specializations for visitation by large nonflying animals: inflorescences placed below the crown of the plant and easily accessible to arboreal animals; large flowers enclosed in tough, protective bracts that require a strong pollinator to open; stiff, rodlike styles that withstand the rough handling of the visitors; and copious, sucrose-dominant nectar that provides a renewable reward for a sizable animal for a long time period. Our observations in the field also show that Varecia variegata: consistently and almost exclusively visit the flowers of Ravenala; carry pollen on their fur between flowers on the same plant and between conspecific plants; do not destroy the flowers while obtaining the nectar; and appear to be highly dependent on nectar as a food source during specific times of the year. The basal phylogenetic position of Ravenala in the family Strelitziaceae, as indicated by molecular sequence data, and the distribution of reproductive traits in the three extant genera are consistent with the hypothesis that pollination by nonflying mammals is an archaic system, whereas bird and bat pollination are derived. C1 MISSOURI BOT GARDEN,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. CTR NATL RECH ENVIRONNEMENT,ANTANANARIVO 101,MALAGASY REPUBL. YALE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. RP KRESS, WJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT BOT,NHB-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 71 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 33 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 81 IS 5 BP 542 EP 551 DI 10.2307/2445728 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NM601 UT WOS:A1994NM60100004 ER PT J AU DUVALL, MR PETERSON, PM CHRISTENSEN, AH AF DUVALL, MR PETERSON, PM CHRISTENSEN, AH TI ALLIANCES OF MUHLENBERGIA (POACEAE) WITHIN NEW-WORLD ERAGROSTIDEAE ARE IDENTIFIED BY PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MAPPED RESTRICTION SITES FROM PLASTID DNAS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID GRASSES AB Restriction sites for six enzymes were mapped for the plastid DNAs of 25 species of Eragrostideae, one species of Cynodonteae (Eustachys distichophylla), and one species of Pooideae. Of the 124 restriction sites observed, 67 were variably present and shared by two or more species. These data were analyzed by the parsimony method using equal and unequal weights and by bootstrap analysis. The cladistic analyses established that members of the Muhlenbergiinae, including the genera Muhlenbergia, Blepharoneuron, Bealia. Chaboissaea, Lycurus, and Pereilema, share seven restriction site mutations and are strongly supported by the data as a monophyletic subtribe. Surprisingly, Redfieldia flexuosa also clustered with the Muhlenbergiinae in the analysis, perhaps indicative of a past interspecific hybridization event. The restriction sites data also weakly support a relationship (six shared mutations) between Erioneuron, Munroa, and Dasylochloa. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP DUVALL, MR (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MICROBIOL,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 81 IS 5 BP 622 EP 629 DI 10.2307/2445738 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NM601 UT WOS:A1994NM60100014 ER PT J AU HEANEY, PJ VEBLEN, DR POST, JE AF HEANEY, PJ VEBLEN, DR POST, JE TI STRUCTURAL DISPARITIES BETWEEN CHALCEDONY AND MACROCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; MOGANITE; ORIGIN; FIBERS; WATER AB Examination of length-fast chalcedony by transmission electron microscopy reveals significant structural differences between microcrystalline fibrous quartz and ideal a quartz. Individual crystals that make up chalcedony fibers are elongate along [110] and are twisted about the fiber axis. Streaks in electron diffraction patterns of single fibers indicate pervasive disorder among the {101} and possibly the {011} planes, and in dark-field images the texture of this structural disorder appears dendritic, Because the streak systems associated with {101) and with {011} intersect at the expected locations of primary diffractions associated with the mineral ''moganite'', demonstrations of the presence of ''moganite'' require complementary characterization techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction. In addition, genuine superperiodicities of three, four, and five times the primary translations in quartz are discerned through electron diffraction of chalcedony crystals, and violations of systematic absences associated with the 3, screw symmetry are apparent in X-ray diffraction experiments. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP HEANEY, PJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 79 IS 5-6 BP 452 EP 460 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA NR968 UT WOS:A1994NR96800006 ER PT J AU RAMELLA, M DIAFERIO, A GELLER, MJ HUCHRA, JP AF RAMELLA, M DIAFERIO, A GELLER, MJ HUCHRA, JP TI THE BIRTHPLACE OF COMPACT-GROUPS OF GALAXIES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIO-SOURCES; DENSE AB We use complete redshift surveys to study the redshift neighborhoods of 38 Hickson compact groups (HCGs). Twenty-nine of these HCGs (76%) are embedded in rich looser systems which we call HCG associations. Analysis of the redshift neighborhood of HCGs outside the CfA survey suggests that most HCGs are embedded in more extended physical systems. Rich loose groups extracted from the CfA survey [Ramella et al. in preparation (1994)] have physical properties similar to those of the HCG associations. These rich loose groups often contain compact configurations. N-body experiments [Diaferio et al. AJ, 107, 868 (1994)] suggest that compact configurations analogous to HCGs form continually during the collapse of rich loose groups. These observational and numerical results suggest that rich loose groups are the birthplace of HCGs. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. RP RAMELLA, M (reprint author), OSSERV ASTRON TRIESTE,VIA GB TIEPOLO 11,I-34131 TRIESTE,ITALY. OI Ramella, Massimo/0000-0001-5446-4749 NR 35 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1623 EP 1628 DI 10.1086/116971 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NJ373 UT WOS:A1994NJ37300001 ER PT J AU SILBERMANN, NA SMITH, HA BOLTE, M HAZEN, ML AF SILBERMANN, NA SMITH, HA BOLTE, M HAZEN, ML TI RR-LYRAE STARS AND COLOR MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM OF THE GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-6388 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OOSTERHOFF PERIOD GROUPS; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH; METAL ABUNDANCES; PHOTOMETRY; GALAXY; AGE; SYSTEM; METALLICITY AB We present new V, B - V and V, V - R color-magnitude diagrams for the bulge globular cluster NGC 6388. These diagrams indicate that NGC 6388 is a metal-rich globular cluster with color-magnitude morphology similar to that of 47 Tucanae. We have conducted a search for new variable stars close to NGC 6388, finding three new RR Lyrae stars. The membership of these and previously discovered RR Lyrae stars near NGC 6388 is discussed. There is reason for believing that some of these variables are nonmembers. Others, however, may belong to the cluster and may be similar to the RR Lyrae star V9 in 47 Tuc. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,NASA,STSCI,UCO,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP SILBERMANN, NA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1764 EP 1772 DI 10.1086/116984 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NJ373 UT WOS:A1994NJ37300014 ER PT J AU SNEDEN, C KRAFT, RP LANGER, GE PROSSER, CF SHETRONE, MD AF SNEDEN, C KRAFT, RP LANGER, GE PROSSER, CF SHETRONE, MD TI OXYGEN ABUNDANCES IN HALO GIANTS .5. GIANTS IN THE FAIRLY METAL-RICH GLOBULAR-CLUSTER M71 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION CCD SPECTRA; 47 TUCANAE STARS; RED GIANTS; VARIABLE-STARS; PHOTOMETRY; M4; ELEMENTS; METALLICITY; MAGNESIUM; 47-TUC AB We present oxygen, sodium, silicon, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, iron, and nickel abundances for bright giants in M71, a relatively metal-rich globular cluster having a space motion like that of the thick disk. The abundances were obtained from analysis of Lick Observatory Hamilton Echelle spectra centered on the [O I] doublet. We find [[Fe/H]] = -0.79 +/- 0.01 from ten giants covering a range of 400 K in effective temperature. Iron peak and traditional a elements show no significant variations from one star to another. Oxygen and sodium appear to vary, but the range is barely significant, and is smaller than found earlier in M92, M13, M3, and M5. Two of the three stars with low oxygen have higher than average sodium abundances, but one low oxygen star also has relatively low sodium. Whether there exists an anticorrelation between [Na/Fe] and [O/Fe] is much less clear in the case of M71 than in the halo clusters studied in earlier papers of this series. For M71 giants, the combination of literature and present results confirms the existence of first dredge-up convective envelope mixing of C-12 --> C-13 and C --> N, but evidence for very deep mixing to O-depleted and Na-enhanced burning layers remains marginal. Primordial abundance fluctuations probably also play a role in the M71 light element abundances. Although most traditional alpha elements are slightly overabundant relative to Fe as expected, M71 giants are unusual in that the mean [Ti/Fe] ratio of +0.5 appears to be quite large, a property shared in common with a sample of giants in the region of the galactic bulge [McWilliam & Rich, preprint (1993)]. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MCDONALD OBSERV,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,UNIV CALIF OBSERV,LICK OBSERV,BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. COLORADO COLL,DEPT PHYS,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80903. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP SNEDEN, C (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ASTRON,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 64 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1785 DI 10.1086/116985 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NJ373 UT WOS:A1994NJ37300015 ER PT J AU HAZEN, ML AF HAZEN, ML TI VARIABLE-STARS IN THE FIELD OF THE GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-6541 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A search for variable stars within the tidal radius of the galactic globular cluster NGC 6541 has located seven new variables of RR Lyrae type, as well as one previously known slow variable. The positions of the RR Lyrae variables suggest that few, if any, are true cluster members, but their brightnesses are not inconsistent with membership. Firm conclusions about membership cannot be made at this time. RP HAZEN, ML (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1793 EP 1795 DI 10.1086/116987 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NJ373 UT WOS:A1994NJ37300017 ER PT J AU GOMEZ, M KENYON, SJ HARTMANN, L AF GOMEZ, M KENYON, SJ HARTMANN, L TI A NEAR-INFRARED SURVEY FOR PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS IN TAURUS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DARK CLOUD COMPLEX; MOLECULAR CLOUD; AURIGA; EXTINCTION; PERSEUS; CORES; DUST AB We present a near-infrared survey of approximately 2 deg2 covering parts of L1537, L1538, and Heiles cloud 2 in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. Although this study is more sensitive than previous attempts to identify pre-main sequence stars in Taurus-Auriga, our survey regions contain only one new optically visible, young star. We did find several candidate embedded protostars; additional 10 mum photometry is necessary to verify the pre-main sequence nature of these sources. Our results - combined with those of previous surveys-show that the L1537/L1538 clouds contain no pre-main sequence stars. These two clouds are less dense than the active star formation sites in Taurus-Auriga, which suggests a cloud must achieve a threshold density to form stars. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1850 EP 1858 DI 10.1086/116994 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NJ373 UT WOS:A1994NJ37300024 ER PT J AU FRANKLIN, FA AF FRANKLIN, FA TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN CHAOTIC ORBITS AND THE KIRKWOOD GAP AT THE 2/1 RESONANCE .1. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINOR PLANETS; JUPITER; ASTEROIDS; ORIGIN AB This paper builds on our recent efforts [Soper et al., Icarus, 87, 265 (1990); Lecar et al., AJ, 104, 1230 (1992); Franklin et al., AJ, 105, 2336 (1993); Murison et al., AJ (in press)] to establish a link between orbital chaos and obvious instability by examining many hypothetical orbits and the few minor planets (only six among those numbered) at the 2:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter. In a realistic, though planar, approximation we show that orbits of moderate-to-high chaos [i.e., those with short Lyapunov times, T(L)] are common throughout the resonance, while weakly chaotic and regular ones are remarkably rare. Less realistic approximations-the elliptic restricted problem, for example-are shown to overestimate decidedly the stability of orbits at resonance. If we adopt the empirical relation between T(L) and an escape or collision time developed in the above papers, then we find that essentially all orbits with proper eccentricities, e(prop) < 0.15 and > 0.52, and the vast majority of any eccentricity with libration amplitudes, phiBAR, < 50-degrees, should be absent today, but that a modest fraction of those with phiBAR = 80-degrees +/- 30-degrees can survive. The six real minor planets lie in this range and five of them, we show, are clearly stable. Some, but only some, of the cases predicted to be unstable have been verified to be so by numerical integration, which adds evidence that sufficiently chaotic orbits at resonance can escape or diffuse from it. Our view of the origin of the Kirkwood gap at this resonance therefore differs from the suggestion that a gap can (only) be formed because bodies otherwise librating stably can have their eccentricities pumped to such a degree that a collision with Mars becomes possible. However, before this Kirkwood gap can be thoroughly and satisfactorily accounted for, some integrations extending closer to the solar system age are required. RP FRANKLIN, FA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1890 EP 1899 DI 10.1086/117000 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NJ373 UT WOS:A1994NJ37300030 ER PT J AU CURIR, A DIAFERIO, A AF CURIR, A DIAFERIO, A TI ANGULAR-MOMENTUM REDISTRIBUTION AND SPIN TILT DURING N-BODY COLLAPSE - PHENOMENOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CELESTIAL MECHANICS, STELLAR DYNAMICS; GALAXIES, ELLIPTICALS AND LENTICULAR, CD; GALAXIES, FORMATION; GALAXIES, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; METHODS, NUMERICAL ID ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DISSIPATIONLESS COLLAPSE; EVOLUTION; TORQUES; SYSTEMS; SHAPES; CORES AB Curir et al. (1993) have shown that the dissipationless collapse of rotating N-body triaxial systems can account for a loss of up to 90% of the angular momentum in the inner part of the system. They also showed that misalignments between the spin of the inner part and of the rest of the system can be produced. Here we give a more detailed physical interpretation of the angular momentum loss mechanism. We have run an additional simulation with 32,768 particles in order to show that spin oscillations are not just a numerical artifact. This phenomenon could explain observed warps in polar rings around elliptical galaxies. C1 UNIV MILAN, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP CURIR, A (reprint author), OSSERV ASTRON TORINO, STRADA OSSERVATORIO 20, I-10025 PINO TORINESE, ITALY. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 285 IS 2 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NM403 UT WOS:A1994NM40300008 ER PT J AU Fomin, VP Stepanian, AA Lamb, RC Lewis, DA Punch, M Weekes, TC AF Fomin, V. P. Stepanian, A. A. Lamb, R. C. Lewis, D. A. Punch, M. Weekes, T. C. TI New methods of atmospheric Cherenkov imaging for gamma-ray astronomy. I. The False Source method SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB New methods of making observations with ground-based gamma-ray telescopes in the energy range >10(11) eV are proposed. New criteria for selecting the gamma rays using their Cherenkov light images have been developed which require no OFF source measurements. One of the new approaches is the False Source Tracking method which is described here. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated on observational data obtained at the Whipple Observatory. C1 [Punch, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Fomin, V. P.; Stepanian, A. A.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, UA-334413 Nauchnyi, Crimea, Ukraine. [Lamb, R. C.; Lewis, D. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Weekes, TC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Whipple Observ, POB 97, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. OI Punch, Michael/0000-0002-4710-2165 FU US Department of Energy; Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Fund FX Members of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Group and the Whipple Observatory Gamma Ray Collaboration are thanked for permission to test these methods on data from their observing programs. V.P. Fomin thanks the Smithsonian Institution and Iowa State University for their hospitality while this paper was being prepared. Gamma-ray research at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Iowa State University is supported by a grant from the US Department of Energy and the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Fund. NR 27 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 2 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1016/0927-6505(94)90036-1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA V26DO UT WOS:000208526500004 ER PT J AU Fomin, VP Fennell, S Lamb, RC Lewis, DA Punch, M Weekes, TC AF Fomin, V. P. Fennell, S. Lamb, R. C. Lewis, D. A. Punch, M. Weekes, T. C. TI New methods of atmospheric Cherenkov imaging for gamma-ray astronomy. II. The Differential Position method SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The non-uniformities in response across the face of an atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope camera are considered. Using the observational data from the Whipple Observatory telescope it is shown that these non-uniformities can be quite large. Although this does not adversely affect the sensitivity of the camera when used in the On/Off Tracking-mode, it is significant for the False Source method. A new technique is proposed that characterizes the non-uniformity of the camera and allows it to be corrected. It is then possible to map the gamma-ray sky in the vicinity of the source with greater sensitivity than previous methods. The technique was tested on observational data and its power was demonstrated. C1 [Fennell, S.; Punch, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Fomin, V. P.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, UA-334413 Nauchnyi, Crimea, Ukraine. [Lamb, R. C.; Lewis, D. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Weekes, TC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Whipple Observ, POB 97, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. OI Punch, Michael/0000-0002-4710-2165 FU US Department of Energy; Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Fund FX The authors thank A.A. Stepanian, B.M. Vladimirsky and M.F. Cawley for useful discussions of this paper. Members of the Whipple Observatory Gamma Ray Collaboration are thanked for their permission to test these methods on data from their observing program. V.P. Fomin thanks the Smithsonian Institution and Iowa State University for their hospitality while this paper was being prepared. Gamma-ray research at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Iowa State University is supported by a grant from the US Department of Energy and the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Fund. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 2 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0927-6505(94)90037-X PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA V26DO UT WOS:000208526500005 ER PT J AU MARKEVITCH, M BLUMENTHAL, GR FORMAN, W JONES, C SUNYAEV, RA AF MARKEVITCH, M BLUMENTHAL, GR FORMAN, W JONES, C SUNYAEV, RA TI CLUSTER EVOLUTION AND MICROWAVE SOURCE COUNTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND; COSMOLOGY, OBSERVATIONS; GALAXIES, CLUSTERING; RADIO CONTINUUM, GALAXIES; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID BACKGROUND-RADIATION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; SPECTRUM; FLUCTUATIONS; CONDENSATION; COSMOLOGY; SATELLITE; SAMPLE; GHZ; GAS AB We present the modeled counts for the expected Sunyaev-Zel'dovich microwave sources associated with clusters of galaxies, predicted for experiments with arcminute-scale spatial resolution, assuming self-similar cluster evolution, for different spectra of the primordial density fluctuations and values of the cosmological density parameter OMEGA. Our simulations show that the source counts should be a powerful test of the evolution of very high redshift clusters. Experiments with 1'-2' spatial resolution, with moderate sensitivity but covering a large area of the sky, would be most effective for studying the SZ source population. Recent arcminute-scale radio experiments, the OVRO RING experiment and VLA deep imaging, achieved sensitivy and sky coverage close to that needed for the detection of negative sources associated with very distant clusters. From the absence of cluster detections in these experiments, we rule out, with 90% confidence, models with OMEGA < 0.3 and n = +1 as predicting too many bright sources; or there is no hot gas in clusters more distant than z(max) = 5 in such models. If the single negative source detected in the RING experiment is a distant cluster, the OMEGA = 1, n = -2 model also may be ruled out as it predicts too few sources. The new generation of telescopes, including the new SUZIE and Ryle instruments, will soon be able to detect distant clusters. The cluster population in the past has been modeled by scaling the observed present-day sample of X-ray clusters back to high redshifts, an approach which makes the best use of the observed cluster gas parameters, and makes the simulations robust to the assumed evolution at very early epochs. Although the pure self-similar model may be incompatible with the variety of observed evolutionary effects, we show that reasonable modifications to the intracluster gas history in that model, proposed to reconcile the self-similar evolution of cluster mass and the observed evolution of their X-ray luminosity, do not considerably change our microwave predictions made using the pure self-similar model. That is, the results of our simulations are applicable to the wide class of evolutionary models in which the cluster gas mass times gas temperature evolves as the dark mass times cluster virial temperature. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SPACE RES,MOSCOW 117810,RUSSIA. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,UCO LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP MARKEVITCH, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 426 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1086/174033 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NG668 UT WOS:A1994NG66800001 ER PT J AU WALLINGTON, S NARAYAN, R KOCHANEK, CS AF WALLINGTON, S NARAYAN, R KOCHANEK, CS TI GRAVITATIONAL LENS INVERSION USING THE MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; METHODS, ANALYTICAL ID IMAGE-RESTORATION; RING; ALGORITHM; RECONSTRUCTION; GALAXIES AB We present a one-dimensional algorithm for inverting extended gravitational lens images using the maximum entropy method (MEM). We test the method with simulations and find that it accurately inverts the one-dimensional equivalent of ring-type images and is effective at solving for the unknown lens parameters. When the source is larger than the lens critical radius, there are systematic errors in the reconstruction in the form of discontinuities or ''glitches'' at the boundaries separating different image multiplicities. We show that these errors are intrinsic to MEM when applied to the lensing problem, and suggest that similar troubles may be generic to all image reconstruction methods. The glitches can be removed by filtering the source to remove unphysical high-frequency power. We conclude that MEM is a promising method for lens inversion. RP WALLINGTON, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 426 IS 1 BP 60 EP 73 DI 10.1086/174039 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NG668 UT WOS:A1994NG66800007 ER PT J AU REMILLARD, RA SCHACHTER, JF SILBER, AD SLANE, P AF REMILLARD, RA SCHACHTER, JF SILBER, AD SLANE, P TI 1ES 1113+432 - LUMINOUS, SOFT-X-RAY OUTBURST FROM A NEARBY CATACLYSMIC VARIABLE (AR URSAE MAJORIS) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, SPECTROSCOPIC; NOVAE, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (1ES-1113+432); X-RAYS, BURSTS; X-RAYS, STARS ID EVOLUTION; H0139-68; BINARIES; SYSTEM AB A remarkable X-ray transient from the Einstein Slew Survey, 1ES 1113 + 432, is identified with a nearby, short-period cataclysmic variable. Wenzel (1993) has confirmed that the optical counterpart is the variable star, AR UMa (cataloged as ''semiregular''), erroneously reported 5.7' southeast of the true position. One of the Einstein slew obsevations recorded a flux of 43 IPC counts s-1, which is an order of magnitude above the flux observed from the brightest cataclysmic variables in other X-ray surveys. The outburst spectrum is extremely ''soft,'' with an implied blackbody temperature approximately 22 eV. The optical counterpart (V = 16.5) exhibits a strong UV component, TiO bands from an M star, and broadened Balmer emission lines. Optical states as bright as V approximately 13 were found on photographs from the Harvard Plate Library, confirming outburst behavior in the optical counterpart. The historical photographic record suggests that 1ES 1113+432 remains in a low-accretion state most of the time. Both the soft X-ray spectrum and the transitions between high and low-accretion states are suggestive of the AM Her (magnetic) subclass. Photometric observations in the I band show 0.18 mag modulations at a period of 0.966 hr. These are interpreted as ellipsoidal variations in the secondary star for a binary period of 1.932 hr, which is near the lower boundary of the ''period gap'' in the histogram of orbital periods of accreting white dwarfs. Thus 1ES 1113+432 provides the rare opportunity to study a secondary star in a cataclysmic binary that has evolved through the period gap. The optical spectral features from the secondary imply a spectral type approximately M6 and a distance approximately 88 pc. The peak luminosity in the soft X-ray component (unabsorbed) is then estimated to be 3 x 10(33) ergs s-1, assuming emission from a blackbody slab with a temperature of 22 eV. While this luminosity is higher than previous measures of the soft X-ray component, it does not exceed the amount of radiation that could be emitted from the accretion-heated surface of a white dwarf. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP REMILLARD, RA (reprint author), MIT,CTR SPACE RES,ROOM 37-595,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 426 IS 1 BP 288 EP 293 DI 10.1086/174063 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NG668 UT WOS:A1994NG66800030 ER PT J AU STARK, AA BINNEY, J AF STARK, AA BINNEY, J TI BAR-INDUCED GAS VELOCITIES IN THE BULGE OF M31 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (M31); GALAXIES, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; GALAXIES, STRUCTURE AB Interstellar gas on closed orbits in a weak barlike potential, when viewed from an appropriate angle, will generate a velocity field similar to what is observed in the bulge of M31. Three phenomena observed in the inner kiloparsec of M31 are best explained by a central bar: (1) the tilt of the inner isophotes, (2) gas velocities in the inner kiloparsec, (3) the ''face-on spiral'' pattern seen in dust and ionized gas. Models that fit the data have the near end of the bar south of the nucleus, and the long axis of the bar at an angle of about 20-degrees to the projection of the line of sight onto the plane of M31. C1 UNIV OXFORD,OXFORD OX1 3NP,ENGLAND. RP STARK, AA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 78,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 426 IS 1 BP L31 EP L33 DI 10.1086/187332 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NG669 UT WOS:A1994NG66900008 ER PT J AU WILKES, BJ TANANBAUM, H WORRALL, DM AVNI, Y OEY, MS FLANAGAN, J AF WILKES, BJ TANANBAUM, H WORRALL, DM AVNI, Y OEY, MS FLANAGAN, J TI THE EINSTEIN DATABASE OF IPC X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF OPTICALLY SELECTED AND RADIO-SELECTED QUASARS .1. SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, SEYFERT; QUASARS, GENERAL; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID STELLAR OBJECTS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSION; SPECTRA; CATALOG; SAMPLE; RATIO; QSOS; EXTINCTION; DEPENDENCE AB We present the first volume of the Einstein quasar database. The database includes estimates of the X-ray count rates, fluxes, and luminosities for 514 quasars and Seyfert 1 galaxies observed with the Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) aboard the Einstein Observatory. All were previously known optically selected or radio-selected objects, and most were the targets of the X-ray observations. The X-ray properties of the AGNs have been derived by reanalyzing the IPC data in a systematic manner to provide a uniform database for general use by the astronomical community. We use the database to extend earlier quasar luminosity studies which were made using only a subset of the currently available data. The database can be accessed on internet via the SAO Einstein on-line system (''Einline'') and is available in ASCII format on magnetic tape and DOS diskette. C1 STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP WILKES, BJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 60 TC 182 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 53 EP 109 DI 10.1086/191959 PG 57 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NF993 UT WOS:A1994NF99300003 ER PT J AU FISKE, RS TOBISCH, OT AF FISKE, RS TOBISCH, OT TI MIDDLE CRETACEOUS ASH-FLOW TUFF AND CALDERA-COLLAPSE DEPOSIT IN THE MINARETS-CALDERA, EAST-CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BISHOP TUFF; ROCKS; EVOLUTION; COLORADO; ERUPTION; BEARING AB A 2.3-km section of ash-flow tuff and associated caldera-collapse deposit, representing the extrusive facies of part of the Sierra Nevada batholith, is totally exposed from its floor to its top in the Minarets Caldera, east-central Sierra Nevada. Rapid burial and subsequent hornblende hornfels facies metamorphism resulted in remarkable preservation of primary textures and structures, despite the development of cleavage domains in parts of the caldera fill; late Tertiary uplift and Quaternary erosion have produced a rugged terrain where every meter of section is available for study. Large-scale caldera-filling eruption of ash-flow tuff was interrupted by emplacement of a wedge-shaped mass of caldera-collapse deposit as much as 2 km thick, whose volume exceeded 70 km3. Individual clasts in the caldera-collapse deposit range to as much as 1.8 km across and include a wide variety of andesitic to rhyolitic lavas and related volcaniclastic rocks, remnants of a precaldera volcanic field that was probably much more extensive than the caldera itself. The caldera-fill sequence rests with angular unconformity on a rugged surface eroded into older volcanic rocks; the sequence is capped by bedded volcaniclastic rocks, including delicately laminated tuffs of probable caldera lake origin. The total aerial extent of the Minarets Caldera is not known, but the area studied, plus scattered pendants of ash-flow tuff and associated volcaniclastic rocks to the west, defines a 30- x 22-km elliptical area that may approximate its original shape. The caldera fill is invaded by a body of quartz monzonite porphyry, locally miarolitic, that was probably emplaced during an episode of caldera resurgence. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,EARTH SCI BOARD,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP FISKE, RS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,NHB-119,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 106 IS 5 BP 582 EP 593 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0582:MCAFTA>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NJ870 UT WOS:A1994NJ87000002 ER PT J AU HABBAL, SR HU, YQ ESSER, R AF HABBAL, SR HU, YQ ESSER, R TI STANDING SHOCKS IN A 2-FLUID SOLAR-WIND SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; CORONAL HOLE; WAVES; MOMENTUM; POINTS; MODEL AB We present a numerical study of the formation of standing shocks in the solar wind using a two-fluid time-dependent model in the presence of Alfven waves. Included in this model is the adiabatic cooling and thermal conduction of both electrons and protons. In this study, standing shocks develop in the flow when additional critical points form as a result of either localized momentum addition or rapid expansion of the flow tube below the existing sonic point. While the flow speed and density exhibit the same characteristics as found in earlier studies of the formation of standing shocks, the inclusion of electron and proton heat conduction produces different signatures in the electron and proton temperature profiles across the shock layer. Owing to the strong heat conduction, the electron temperature is nearly continuous across the shock, but its gradient has a negative jump across it, thus producing a net heat flux out of the shock layer. The proton temperature exhibits the same characteristics for shocks produced by momentum addition but behaves differently when the shock is formed by the rapid divergence of the flow tube. The adiabatic cooling in a rapidly diverging flow tube reduces the proton temperature so substantially that the proton heat conduction becomes negligible in the vicinity of the shock. As a result, protons experience a positive jump in temperature across the shock. While Alfven waves do not affect the formation of standing shocks, they contribute to the change of the momentum and energy balance across them. We also find that for this solar wind model the inclusion of thermal conduction and adiabatic cooling for the electrons and protons increases significantly the range of parameters characterizing the formation of standing shocks over those previously found for isothermal and polytropic models. C1 UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA, HEFEI 230026, PEOPLES R CHINA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 99 IS A5 BP 8465 EP 8478 DI 10.1029/94JA00349 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NK217 UT WOS:A1994NK21700002 ER PT J AU RADFORD, HE MOORE, MA SEARS, TJ GRUSSDORF, J NOLTE, J TEMPS, F AF RADFORD, HE MOORE, MA SEARS, TJ GRUSSDORF, J NOLTE, J TEMPS, F TI FAR-INFRARED LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE OF (X)OVER-TILDE-(2) A'-TRANS-DOCO SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-HOCO; SPECTRUM; DOCO; OH; CO AB Far-infrared laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to measure components of 12 rotational transitions in the deuterated hydroxyformyl radical. Ten different FIR laser lines are employed at wavelengths between 339 and 663 mum. The assigned transitions are all b-dipole in character. The new data complement the previously reported a-dipole spectrum [Radford et al., J. Chem. Phys. 97, 3989-3995 (1992)] recorded in the millimeter-wave region. All of the existing high-resolution rotational spectra are subjected to a least-squares fit to the parameters appearing in the effective Hamiltonian describing the ground state of DOCO. The resulting parameters reproduce the existing spectroscopic observations to within the experimental accuracy and will be useful for predicting new spectra. The strongest resonances are well suited for future kinetics investigations of the radical. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. MPI STROMUNGSFORSCH,D-37018 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. RP RADFORD, HE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013 OI Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 165 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1994.1116 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA NH311 UT WOS:A1994NH31100010 ER PT J AU LABANDEIRA, CC HUGHES, NC AF LABANDEIRA, CC HUGHES, NC TI BIOMETRY OF THE LATE CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE GENUS DIKELOCEPHALUS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TRILOBITE SYSTEMATICS SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES CONCEPT; EVOLUTION AB It has been proposed previously that the northern Mississippi Valley Sunwaptan trilobite genus Dikelocephalus comprises 26 species. Morphometric analyses demonstrate that many of the criteria that had been used to define species of Dikelocephalus are invalid and additional analysis of biostratigraphically and biogeographically constrained collections is necessary before the taxonomic status of Dikelocephalus can be fully resolved. Our results indicate that infrageneric morphological variation in Dikelocephalus is continuous and lacks gaps that could be the basis for establishing multiple species. Many of the characters shown to be taxonomically insignificant in Dikelocephalus are also widely used in the definition of other trilobite taxa. This suggests that the species-level taxonomy of many trilobites may be substantially oversplit. Recognition of widespread oversplitting will have important consequences for biostratigraphic zonations, paleogeographic distributions, and estimates of taxonomic diversity. C1 CINCINNATI MUSEUM NAT HIST,CINCINNATI,OH 45202. RP LABANDEIRA, CC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,NAT HIST BLDG,MRC-121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3 BP 492 EP 517 PG 26 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA NM085 UT WOS:A1994NM08500008 ER PT J AU BARONE, MA WILDT, DE BYERS, AP ROELKE, ME GLASS, CM HOWARD, JG AF BARONE, MA WILDT, DE BYERS, AP ROELKE, ME GLASS, CM HOWARD, JG TI GONADOTROPIN DOSE AND TIMING OF ANESTHESIA FOR LAPAROSCOPIC ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION IN THE PUMA (FELIS-CONCOLOR) SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID CHEETAH ACINONYX-JUBATUS; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; DOMESTIC CAT; OVULATION; INDUCTION; EMBRYO; TIGER AB Ovarian response to equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), the effect of timing of anaesthesia relative to hCG injection and the use of laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination were examined in the puma (Felis concolor). In Expt 1, females were treated with 100 (n = 6) or 200 (n = 8) iu eCG (i.m.) followed 80 h later by 100 iu hCG (i.m.) and were then anaesthetized 40-45 h after hCG injection for ovarian assessment. Although there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of unovulated ovarian follicles, females treated with 200 iu eCG had more (P < 0.05) corpora lutea per female and more corpora lutea as a percentage of the total number of ovarian structures. In Expt 2, all females were treated with 200 iu eCG and 80 h later with 100 iu hCG, and then anaesthetized either 31-39 h (Group A; n = 8) or 41-50 h (Group B; n = 6) after hCG injection for ovarian assessment. All Group B pumas ovulated compared with only three (37.5%) Group A females (P < 0.05). Compared with Group A, Group B pumas had more corpora lutea per female, more corpora lutea as a percentage of the total number of ovarian structures, and fewer unovulated follicles (P < 0.05). One of nine post-ovulatory females laparoscopically inseminated in utero with 16 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa became pregnant and delivered a healthy cub. Administration of 200 iu eCG and 100 iu hCG followed by anaesthesia no earlier than 41 h after hCG treatment is most likely to result in ovulation in pumas, and laparoscopic artificial insemination can be used to produce pregnancy in this species. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMMISS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 101 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA NR795 UT WOS:A1994NR79500015 PM 8064667 ER PT J AU WASSER, SK MONFORT, SL SOUTHERS, J WILDT, DE AF WASSER, SK MONFORT, SL SOUTHERS, J WILDT, DE TI EXCRETION RATES AND METABOLITES OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN BABOON (PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-CYNOCEPHALUS) FECES SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL METABOLISM; EARLY-PREGNANCY; FECAL STEROIDS; FECES; EXTRACTION; ESTROGENS; ESTRADIOL; URINARY; WOMEN AB Two unanaesthetized female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) were infused (i.v.) with [H-3]oestradiol and two with [H-3]progesterone, early in the follicular phases of their cycles. One month later, the two females infused with [3H]oestradiol were simultaneously infused with [C-14]progesterone and [H-3]dehydroepiandrosterone. All urine and faeces were collected for 96 h after infusion. The proportion of steroid excreted in faeces (versus urine) was 10.0% for oestradiol and 40% for progesterone. Peak excretion in urine occurred 4.5 h after infusion. Peak excretion in faeces occurred an average of 36.4 h after infusion, with remarkable consistency between steroids. Eighty per cent of faecal oestradiol and progesterone metabolites were excreted as free (rather than conjugated) steroids. Simply boiling (20 min) the dried faecal sample in 90% ethanol proved to be the most rapid and efficient means of extracting these steroid metabolites. High pressure liquid chromatography and immunoreactivity studies revealed that oestradiol was excreted in faeces as oestradiol (36%), oestrone (44%) and a conjugated metabolite that co-eluted with oestrone sulfate (20%). Progesterone was excreted as eight different free forms, only a minor portion of which was progesterone, and what appeared to be a conjugated metabolite that co-eluted with pregnanediol-glucuronide (20%). The free progesterone metabolites were identified by gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometery as epimers of 5-pregnane-3-diol and 5-pregnane3-ol-one. These data suggest that currently available immunoassays for free oestradiol and oestrone should adequately characterize faecal oestrogen profiles in baboons. However, high variability in crossreactivities of various progesterone antisera to progesterone metabolites in baboons makes antiserum selection a more serious concern in attempts to quantify faecal progestogen dynamics. All available data suggest considerable interspecific variability in faecal steroid metabolite excretion. This makes species-specific characterizations of the type reported here a necessary step for ensuring the accuracy of faecal endocrine monitoring. C1 NATL ZOOL PK,CTR CONSERVAT & RES,DEPT ANIM HLTH,FRONT ROYAL,VA. NIH,PRIMATE RES UNIT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP WASSER, SK (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV REPROD ENDOCRINOL,XD-44,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK33400]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH45863] NR 23 TC 156 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 7 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 101 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA NR795 UT WOS:A1994NR79500031 PM 8064684 ER PT J AU SHARRER, T AF SHARRER, T TI BALE-O-COTTON - THE MECHANICAL ART OF COTTON GINNING - BRITTON,KG SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP SHARRER, T (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSN PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 376 EP 377 DI 10.2307/2210101 PG 2 WC History SC History GA NL096 UT WOS:A1994NL09600020 ER PT J AU MORRIS, GK MASON, AC WALL, P BELWOOD, JJ AF MORRIS, GK MASON, AC WALL, P BELWOOD, JJ TI HIGH ULTRASONIC AND TREMULATION SIGNALS IN NEOTROPICAL KATYDIDS (ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; GREEN LACEWINGS; BAT PREDATION; MATE CHOICE; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; SPIDERS; SONGS; TRANSMISSION; CHRYSOPERLA AB Myopophyllum speciosum is a pseudophylline katydid (Tettigoniidae) from the neotropics that generates unusually high ultrasonic frequencies as the dominant carrier in its calling song. Male calls average only 148 ms duration and are given at long intervals: 8.7 s. Fairing is completed with vibrational signals, generated at closer range by body oscillation (tremulation). Two distinctive vibrational motor patterns, short and long, are produced by both sexes. Physical parameters of the sound and vibratory signals of this species are described. The relatively high-Q carrier frequency (mean = 81 kHz) varies between males over a range of 20 kHz but does not predict a singer's body size. Short tremulations are much more intense than long as measured by acceleration. Descriptions of the songs of three other pseudophylline species with unusually high principal carriers (65-105 kHz) are also presented. Eavesdropping by predatory bats offers the most plausible selective explanation for the features of M. speciosum's signal system. This hypothesis is supported by the species' sexually dimorphic defensive spination: males, the sound-signalling sex, have metafemoral spines of greater size and distinctive orientation. Evidence for eavesdropping and for alternative hypotheses is assessed. Other neotropical tettigoniids in rainforest understorey also employ elaborate vibratory signals (species of Choeroparnops, Schedocentrus, Docidocercus, Copiphora) and some show a trend to reduce or even to eliminate their use of airborne sound. Some rainforest tettigoniids may have replaced acoustic with vibrational signalling as a response to bat eavesdropping. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,MIAMI,FL 34002. RP MORRIS, GK (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,ERINDALE COLL,DEPT ZOOL,MISSISSAUGA L5L 1C6,ON,CANADA. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 233 BP 129 EP 163 PN 1 PG 35 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NQ180 UT WOS:A1994NQ18000010 ER PT J AU RILEY, S AF RILEY, S TI NIGHT OF THE AVENGING BLOWFISH - A NOVEL OF COVERT OPERATIONS, LOVE, AND LUNCHEON MEAT - WELTER,J SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP RILEY, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 8 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NJ351 UT WOS:A1994NJ35100243 ER PT J AU PROGA, D MIKOLAJEWSKA, J KENYON, SJ AF PROGA, D MIKOLAJEWSKA, J KENYON, SJ TI HE-I EMISSION-LINES IN SYMBIOTIC STARS SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC PROCESSES; LINE, FORMATION; BINARIES, SYMBIOTIC; STARS, EVOLUTION ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; IUE OBSERVATIONS; AG PEGASI; RW-HYDRAE; BINARY; MODEL; MULTIFREQUENCY; ULTRAVIOLET AB We present an analysis of the He I lambdalambda5876, 6678, 7065 emission lines for a large sample of symbiotic binary stars. As in earlier studies, we find significant deviations from case B predictions for every system considered. In most cases, the lambdalambda5876, 6678 lines distinguish between S- and D-type symbiotics in that I(lambda6678)/I(lambda5876) greater than or similar to 0.50 for S-types and I(lambda6678)/I(lambda 5876) approximately 0.25 for D-types. We follow Almog & Netzer and derive predicted intensity ratios for comparison with the observations. Our models indicate densities of n(e) approximately 10(10) cm-3 for most S-type systems and n(e) less than or similar 10(10) cm-3 for all D-type systems. The He I intensity ratios require large optical depths in the He I lambda3889 line, tau3889 approximately 100-1000, for most sources; the nebular sizes are then roughly 1 au for S-types and 10 au for D-types. These results agree with previous density and size estimates for symbiotics; thus our He I model provides a useful diagnostic for the physical conditions within dense photoionized nebulae. C1 NICHOLAS COPERNICUS UNIV,PL-87100 TORUN,POLAND. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS ASTRON CTR,PL-00716 WARSAW,POLAND. RP PROGA, D (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 64 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 268 IS 1 BP 213 EP 228 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NL298 UT WOS:A1994NL29800028 ER PT J AU ZOTZ, G WINTER, K AF ZOTZ, G WINTER, K TI A ONE-YEAR STUDY ON CARBON, WATER AND NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN A TROPICAL C-3-CAM HEMI-EPIPHYTE, CLUSIA-UVITANA PITTIER SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CLUSIA; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; CARBON BALANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS (ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION); TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; CAM-TREE CLUSIA; GAS-EXCHANGE; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMPORTMENT; C3-CAM TREE; DRY SEASON; MINOR L; LIGHT; ACCUMULATION; STRESS AB Diel (24 h) courses of CO2 and water-vapour exchange of leaves of hemi-epiphytic plants of Clusia uvitana Pittier (Clusiaceae) were measured under natural tropical conditions in the semi-evergreen moist forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, from January 1991 until January 1992. Plants were studied at two sites, in the crown of a 47-m tall tree (Ceiba pentandra) and on the shore of Lake Gatun, at a height of about 2-4 m. The following results were obtained: (1) Diel carbon gain was mainly a function of photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PFFR) on individual days. PPFR also strongly affected CAM activity. A leafless period of the host tree Ceiba pentandra resulted in higher incident PPFRs and slightly lower nighttime temperatures in the canopy of C. uvitana; this led to increases in both daytime and nighttime CO2 fixation. (2) In fully mature sun leaves from the two sites, nocturnal net uptake of atmospheric CO2 occurred on almost all of the 71 days measured and nocturnal carbon gain was enhanced during the dry season. (3) In C. uvitana at the Lake site, 24-h carbon gain during the wet and dry season was similar to C. uvitana at the Ceiba site during the leafless period of the host tree. Overall CAM activity was lower at the Lake site. (4) Recycling of respiratory CO2 was a major route for nocturnal acid synthesis. Nocturnal net uptake of atmospheric CO2 was closely correlated with changes in titratable acidity, but accounted for only about 30% of the nocturnal increase in organic acids. (5) Mature shade leaves performed CAM only during the dry season, whereas in the wet season they showed atmospheric CO2 uptake exclusively in the light. (6) Independent of exposure or season, leaves less than about 12 wk old showed a C-3 pattern of diel gas exchange and the level of titratable acidity was high day and night. (7) The annual carbon budget of outer canopy leaves of C. uvitana in the Ceiba site was 1780 g CO2 m(-2) a(-1), and the average long-term water-use efficiency was 23 x 10(-3) g CO2 g(-1) H2O. (8) Vegetative growth was strongly seasonal. Branch length increment and leaf area development was much higher in the wet season. Mineral element contents in these evergreen plants showed no age-related changes, but a significant proportion of elements was retrieved before abscission. RP ZOTZ, G (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, POB 2072, BALBOA, PANAMA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 127 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04258.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NR088 UT WOS:A1994NR08800005 ER PT J AU WASHBURN, WE AF WASHBURN, WE TI A BIOGRAPHY OF MCNICKLE,DARCY - SINGING AN INDIAN SONG - PARKER,PR SO PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP WASHBURN, WE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0030-8684 J9 PAC HIST REV JI Pac. Hist. Rev. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 63 IS 2 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC History SC History GA NU228 UT WOS:A1994NU22800019 ER PT J AU SELIG, R AF SELIG, R TI DISCOVERING ARCHAEOLOGY - AN ACTIVITY GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS - SCHERMER,SJ SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP SELIG, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,OFF ASSISTANT SECRETARY SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 39 IS 148 BP 233 EP 234 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA NQ884 UT WOS:A1994NQ88400013 ER PT J AU ADAMS, RM AF ADAMS, RM TI QUALITIES THAT MAKE THE SMITHSONIAN SPECIAL DERIVE FROM ITS OPENNESS - TO CHANGE, DIVERSITY AND THE FUTURE SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP ADAMS, RM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD MAY PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA NJ230 UT WOS:A1994NJ23000001 ER PT J AU ABADASIMON, M LECACHEUX, A BASTIAN, TS BOOKBINDER, JA DULK, GA AF ABADASIMON, M LECACHEUX, A BASTIAN, TS BOOKBINDER, JA DULK, GA TI 1ST MILLIMETRIC DETECTIONS OF AE-AQUARII SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BINARIES; NOVAE, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (AE-AQUARII) ID RADIO-EMISSION AB We report the first millimetric detections of the magnetic cataclysmic variable AE Aquarii, accompanied by contemporaneous microwave observations. These data show that the time-averaged spectrum is well fit by a power-law which extends to mm wave-lengths. We suggest that the spectrum is consistent with that expected from a superposition of flare-like events. C1 NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANET & ATMOSPH SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ABADASIMON, M (reprint author), OBSERV PARIS,DEPT ARPEGES,F-92190 MEUDON,FRANCE. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 68 IS 1-4 BP 291 EP 292 DI 10.1007/BF00749154 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NU330 UT WOS:A1994NU33000044 ER PT J AU VANBALLEGOOIJEN, AA AF VANBALLEGOOIJEN, AA TI ENERGY-RELEASE IN STELLAR MAGNETOSPHERES SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION DISKS; MAGNETIC FIELD ID MAGNETIC NEUTRON STARS; DISK ACCRETION AB The interaction of a stellar magnetosphere with a thin accretion disk is considered. Specifically, I consider a model in which (1) the accretion disk is magnetically linked to the star over a large range of radii and (2) the magnetic diffusivity of the disk is sufficiently small that there is little slippage of field lines within the disk on the rotation time scale. In this case the magnetic energy built up as a result of differential rotation between the star and the disk is released in quasi-periodic reconnection events occuring in the magnetosphere (Aly and Kuijpers 1990). The radial transport of magnetic flux in such an accretion disk is considered. It is show that the magnetic flux distribution is stationary on the accretion time scale, provided the time average of the radial component of the field just above the disk vanishes. A simple model of the time-dependent structure of the magnetosphere is presented. It is shown that energy release in the magnetosphere must take place for (differential) rotation angles less than about 3 radians. The magnetic flux distribution in the disk depends on the precise value of the rotation angle. RP VANBALLEGOOIJEN, AA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 68 IS 1-4 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NU330 UT WOS:A1994NU33000046 ER PT J AU JACKSON, JBC SHELDON, PR AF JACKSON, JBC SHELDON, PR TI CONSTANCY AND CHANGE OF LIFE IN THE SEA SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM; PLEISTOCENE; EXTINCTION; MOLLUSKS; PANAMA; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Most marine species appear abruptly in the fossil record and persist unchanged for millions of years. Speciation and extinction commonly occur in pulses so that groups of species come and go as ecological units that dominate the seascape for millions of years. Dramatic turnover of mollusc, coral and planktonic foraminifera species occurred throughout tropical America about two million years ago in apparent response to the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation. In contrast, subsequent glacial cycles, temperature fluctuations and sea-level change had little lasting biological effect. There is no necessary correlation between the magnitude of environmental change and the subsequent ecological and evolutionary response. C1 OPEN UNIV,DEPT EARTH SCI,MILTON KEYNES MK7 6AA,BUCKS,ENGLAND. RP JACKSON, JBC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 59 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 29 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 1307 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0051 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NM570 UT WOS:A1994NM57000009 ER PT J AU BROWN, GJN CROTHERS, DSF AF BROWN, GJN CROTHERS, DSF TI UNITARIZATION OF COMPLEX SYMMETRICAL MATRICES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article AB Given any complex symmetric non-singular (n x n) matrix S we show that it is always possible to find a (2n - 1) x (2n - 1) matrix X which is complex symmetric and unitary, and which contains S as its leading minor. We also prove that, of the set of all complex symmetric unitary matrices which contain S as their leading minor, X is the smallest such matrix. We apply this result to the scattering matrix of atomic collision theory to correct a loss of unitarity due to the use of a finite basis set in the solution of a collision problem. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP BROWN, GJN (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,DIV THEORET & COMPUTAT PHYS RES,BELFAST BT7 1NN,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD APR 21 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 8 BP 2923 EP 2933 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/27/8/028 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA NH050 UT WOS:A1994NH05000028 ER PT J AU PETERSON, BM BERLIND, P BERTRAM, R BOCHKAREV, NG BOND, D BROTHERTON, MS BUSLER, JR CHUVAEV, KK COHEN, RD DIETRICH, M ELVIS, M FILIPPENKO, AV FOLTZ, CB GARNAVICH, PM HO, LC HORINE, E HORNE, K HUCHRA, JP KOLLATSCHNY, W KORISTA, KT MALKAN, MA MATHESON, T MIGNOLI, M MORRIS, SL NAZAROVA, L PENFOLD, J PETERS, J POGGE, RW PRONIK, VI RUSH, B SERGEEV, SG SHAPOVALOVA, AI SHIELDS, JC STIRPE, GM TOKARZ, S WAGNER, RM WEYMANN, RJ WHITE, RJ WILKES, BJ WILLS, D WILLS, BJ WINGE, C YOUNGER, PF AF PETERSON, BM BERLIND, P BERTRAM, R BOCHKAREV, NG BOND, D BROTHERTON, MS BUSLER, JR CHUVAEV, KK COHEN, RD DIETRICH, M ELVIS, M FILIPPENKO, AV FOLTZ, CB GARNAVICH, PM HO, LC HORINE, E HORNE, K HUCHRA, JP KOLLATSCHNY, W KORISTA, KT MALKAN, MA MATHESON, T MIGNOLI, M MORRIS, SL NAZAROVA, L PENFOLD, J PETERS, J POGGE, RW PRONIK, VI RUSH, B SERGEEV, SG SHAPOVALOVA, AI SHIELDS, JC STIRPE, GM TOKARZ, S WAGNER, RM WEYMANN, RJ WHITE, RJ WILKES, BJ WILLS, D WILLS, BJ WINGE, C YOUNGER, PF TI STEPS TOWARD DETERMINATION OF THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF THE BROAD-LINE REGION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI .7. VARIABILITY OF THE OPTICAL-SPECTRUM OF NGC-5548 OVER 4 YEARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL (NGC 5548); GALAXIES, NUCLEI; GALAXIES, SEYFERT ID SEYFERT-GALAXIES; NGC-5548; EMISSION; WAVELENGTHS; QUASARS AB We report on the results of a continuation of a large monitoring program of optical spectroscopy of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548. The new observations presented here were obtained between 1990 December and 1992 October, and extend the existing database to nearly 1400 days, dating back to 1988 December. The continuum variations are generally smooth and well-resolved, except during the third year of this 4 year project, when the variations were apparently more rapid and of lower amplitude than observed at other times. The broad H beta emission line is found to vary in response to the continuum variations with a lag of about Is days, but with some changes from year to year. The H beta transfer functions for each of the 4 yr and for the entire 4 yr database are derived by using a maximum entropy method. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,STERNBERG ASTRON INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV,VICTORIA V8X 4M6,BC,CANADA. UNIV TEXAS,MCDONALD OBSERV,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ASTRON,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV CALGARY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CALGARY T2N 1N4,AB,CANADA. CRIMEAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,NAUCHNYI 334413,UKRAINE. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV STERNWARTE GOTTINGEN,D-37083 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV ARIZONA,MULTIPLE MIRROR TELESCOPE OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91101. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. OSSERV ASTRON BOLOGNA,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. ASTRON INST,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HZ,ENGLAND. ROYAL GREENWICH OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0EZ,ENGLAND. MT ROYAL COLL,DEPT MATH PHYS & ENGN,CALGARY T3E 6K6,AB,CANADA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SPECIAL ASTROPHYS OBSERV,STAVROPOLSKY KRAJ 357140,RUSSIA. UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL,INST FIS,DEPT ASTRON,BR-91500 PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. RP PETERSON, BM (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,174 W 18TH AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. RI Morris, Simon/G-7981-2011; Stirpe, Giovanna/O-9393-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015 OI Morris, Simon/0000-0003-4866-110X; Stirpe, Giovanna/0000-0002-3702-8731; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835 NR 18 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 425 IS 2 BP 622 EP 634 DI 10.1086/174009 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PM579 UT WOS:A1994PM57900019 ER PT J AU HARTIGAN, P HEATHCOTE, S RAYMOND, JC CECIL, G AF HARTIGAN, P HEATHCOTE, S RAYMOND, JC CECIL, G TI FABRY-PEROT OBSERVATIONS AND NEW MODELS OF THE HH 47A AND HH 47D BOW SHOCKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, JETS AND OUTFLOWS; SHOCK WAVES; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (HH 47A, HH 47D); STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; MACH DISK; ULTRAVIOLET CONTINUUM; STELLAR JET; GUM NEBULA; EMISSION; OUTFLOW; HH-34; WAVES; STAR AB We present new models for the HH 47A and HH 47D bow shocks based on line flux and velocity maps obtained with an imaging Fabry-Perot spectrometer. We confirm that HH 47A and HH 47D each show a bow shock/Mach disk morphology, and that velocity variability in the outflow can account for the observed structures. While it was suggested a decade ago that the inner working surface HH 47A appears to be traveling into the wake of HH 47D, we find kinematic evidence that the outer bow shock HH 47D is also not the primary ejection event in the outflow but follows in the wake of previously ejected material. By comparing the observed line ratios and line profiles to those predicted by our bow shock models, we find that both bow shocks have substantially lower shock velocities than their space motions would imply, and that the emission from each bow shock is systematically blueshifted from the rest-frame velocity of the ambient emission, indicating a comoving preshock medium. We derive kinematic ages of similar to 1150 yr for HH 47D and similar to 550 yr for HH 47A, which implies that the stellar driving source may undergo repetitive eruptions similar to FU Orionis-type outbursts every several hundred years. This timescale is similar to estimates made by Reipurth and collaborators for the separation between major outbursts in the HH 34 and HH 111 stellar jets. C1 SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,FIVE COLL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,AMHERST,MA 01003. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP HARTIGAN, P (reprint author), CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV,CASILLA 603,LA SERENA 1353,CHILE. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 425 IS 2 BP 738 EP & DI 10.1086/174018 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PM579 UT WOS:A1994PM57900028 ER PT J AU VRTILEK, SD SILBER, A RAYMOND, JC PATTERSON, J AF VRTILEK, SD SILBER, A RAYMOND, JC PATTERSON, J TI ROSAT OBSERVATIONS OF CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES - A SEARCH FOR THE BOUNDARY-LAYER EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NOVAE, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; RADIATION MECHANISMS, NONTHERMAL; ULTRAVIOLET, STARS; X-RAYS, STARS ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ACCRETION DISKS; SS CYGNI; IUE; OSCILLATIONS; SPECTRA AB Many cataclysmic variables and low-mass X-ray binaries show He II line emission at lambda 1640 and lambda 4686. As recombination lines of an ion requiring 55 eV for ionization, these lines cannot be attributed to gravitational heating in the disk but could be due to reprocessed 55-280 eV X-rays which may be produced in a boundary layer at the disk/star surface. We undertook a search for this soft component using the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter on ROSAT, The photon fluxes we observe are not sufficient to produce the He II lambda 1640 fluxes observed by IUE. If we assume that the X-ray luminosity is due to emission from a boundary layer, then the observed quiescent luminosity is one-quarter of the total accretion luminosity as determined by optical and ultraviolet observations rather than the one-half that is predicted by some theories. An additional very soft component (e.g. an approximate to 10-20 eV blackbody) could provide sufficient photons in the 0.055-0.100 keV band to produce the observed He II fluxes and contribute the additional luminosity from the boundary layer while remaining hidden to the PSPC and IUE. Alternatively, the high He II line fluxes could be evidence for high-temperature collisionally ionized material. We also find evidence for line emission at approximate to 0.9 keV consistent with L-shell emission from highly ionized iron. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 425 IS 2 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1086/174023 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PM579 UT WOS:A1994PM57900033 ER PT J AU SILBER, A VRTILEK, SD RAYMOND, JC AF SILBER, A VRTILEK, SD RAYMOND, JC TI CONCURRENT X-RAY AND OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF 2 DWARF NOVAE DURING ERUPTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NOVAE, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; RADIATION MECHANISMS, NONTHERMAL; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (SU URSA MAJORIS, RU PEGASI) ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ACCRETION DISKS; EMISSION; ULTRAVIOLET; IUE; OUTBURST; ENERGY; WINDS AB The dwarf novae SU UMa and RU Peg were each observed with the ROSAT Observatory during outburst. SU UMa was also observed twice between outbursts. The spectrum of SU UMa during quiescence is well fitted by a 2.1 keV thermal bremsstrahlung model with a Gaussian line at 0.97 keV absorbed by a column density of 1.4 x 10(20) cm(-2). During the outburst the X-ray count rate dropped by a factor of 3. The outburst spectrum is well fitted to a similar spectrum with a significantly larger absorption. In outburst the mass transfer rate, hi, approaches the critical value for the optically thin/thick transition predicted by theoretical models of the boundary layer while the X-ray emission remains optically thin. The best-fit model to the outburst spectrum of RU Peg is a 4.9 keV thermal bremsstrahlung plus a line at 0.89 keV absorbed by a column density of 2.8 x 10(20) cm(-2). The column density is consistent with the upper limit determined for interstellar absorption. The boundary layer at outburst is expected to be optically thick based on the value of hi determined from the IUE spectra. There are no ROSAT observations of RU Peg between outbursts, but the flux detected by ROSAT is a factor of 10 lower than that seen with the Einstein Observatory, probably during quiescence. For both CVs the X-ray flux from the boundary layer significantly decreases at the same time that the optical-UV flux greatly increases. We suggest that during outburst most of the boundary layer energy is carried away as kinetic energy of the wind. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 425 IS 2 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1086/174027 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PM579 UT WOS:A1994PM57900037 ER PT J AU KORETSKY, IA RAY, CE AF KORETSKY, IA RAY, CE TI CRYPTOPHOCA, NEW GENUS FOR PHOCA-MAEOTICA (MAMMALIA, PINNIPEDIA, PHOCINAE), FROM UPPER MIOCENE DEPOSITS IN THE NORTHERN BLACK-SEA REGION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Review of relevant fossil and Recent material indicates that the fossil seal species Phoca maeotica Nordmann (1860) from Kishinev, Moldavia, earlier assigned to the Monachinae, actually belongs to the subfamily Phocinae. This species differs from all known seals and is placed in the separate genus Cryptophoca. Cryptophoca maeotica differs from other seals in its straight symphyseal region of mandible, position of mental protuberance between p(3) and p(4), rectangular greater trochanter of femur, and length of crest of greater tubercle of humerus extending 1/4 length of humerus. Presence of these characters not only justifies the specific independence of the Moldavian seal, but also requires its placement in a separate genus, Cryptophoca. RP KORETSKY, IA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NG958 UT WOS:A1994NG95800002 ER PT J AU VARI, RP HAROLD, AS TAPHORN, DC AF VARI, RP HAROLD, AS TAPHORN, DC TI CREAGRUTUS MELASMA, A NEW SPECIES OF CHARACID FISH (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIFORMES) FROM UPLAND STREAMS OF NORTHERN VENEZUELA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Creagrutus melasma, new species, occurs in a band across the northern headwaters of the Rio Orinoco from Tachira state in the west to Monagas in the east. The species is also known from several Caribbean versant drainages, including the Rios Tuy and Neveri. This small-bodied species, which barely exceeds 40 mm SL, is distinguished from congeners by its dorsal-fin and humeral pigmentation as well as a combination of meristic characters. C1 CALIF ACAD SCI,DEPT ICHTHYOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118. UNELLEZ,MUSEO CIENCIAS NAT GUANARE,GUANARE 3310,VENEZUELA. RP VARI, RP (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,DIV FISHES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NG958 UT WOS:A1994NG95800008 ER PT J AU TYLER, JC BANNIKOV, AF AF TYLER, JC BANNIKOV, AF TI A NEW GENUS OF FOSSIL PUFFERFISH (TETRAODONTIDAE, TETRAODONTIFORMES) BASED ON A NEW SPECIES FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF RUSSIA AND A REFERRED SPECIES FROM THE MIOCENE OF UKRAINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new genus of tetraodontid pufferfish, Archaeotetraodon, is proposed for two fossil species with uniquely specialized bifurcate scale spinules: winterbottomi, a new species based on ten specimens from the Oligocene of Russia in which nearly all of the spinules are bifurcate; and jamestyleri Bannikov (1990), based on two complete specimens and a fragment from the Miocene of Ukraine in which only two scales in the middle of the body have bifurcate upright spinules. An especially long rayless pterygiophore extending forward from the dorsal-fin origin in Archaeotetraodon (in winterbottomi; condition unknown in jamestyleri) is similar to that found in the Recent Lagocephalus but this feature cannot be unequivocally polarized and may not indicate relationship between these two genera. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST PALEONTOL,MOSCOW 117647,RUSSIA. RP TYLER, JC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MRC-106,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Bannikov, Alexander/P-9902-2015 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NG958 UT WOS:A1994NG95800009 ER PT J AU CAMPOS, NH LEMAITRE, R AF CAMPOS, NH LEMAITRE, R TI A NEW CALCINUS (DECAPODA, ANOMURA, DIOGENIDAE) FROM THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC, AND A COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS FROM THE REGION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new species of a diogenid hermit crab, Calcinus urabaensis, is described from the Gulf of Uraba on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The new species is the third in the genus described from the western Atlantic, and can be distinguished from the other two known species of the genus Calcinus in the region, C. tibicen (Herbst) and C. verrilli (Rathbun), by differences in coloration and armature of the dactyl of the left cheliped, third pereopod, and telson. A comparison of the three species is included. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP CAMPOS, NH (reprint author), INVEMAR,UNIV NACL COLOMBIA,INST CIENCIAS NAT,AA 1016,SANTA MARTA,COLOMBIA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 137 EP 150 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NG958 UT WOS:A1994NG95800015 ER PT J AU OPRESKO, DM CAIRNS, SD AF OPRESKO, DM CAIRNS, SD TI DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW GENUS ALLOPATHES (CNIDARIA, ANTIPATHARIA) AND ITS TYPE SPECIES CIRRIPATHES DESBONNI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The rarely collected species originally described as Cirripathes desbonni is redescribed based on two specimens. A neotype is designated because the type is presumed to be lost. A new genus, Allopathes, is proposed for this species based on its unusual colony form: numerous elongate, mostly unbranched stems originating from a short, trunk-like base. Antipathes robillardi Bell is also placed in this genus, which gives the genus a range of western Atlantic and Mauritius at 129-161 m. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP OPRESKO, DM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH SCI RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NG958 UT WOS:A1994NG95800020 ER PT J AU MITROVICA, JX DAVIS, JL MATHEWS, PM SHAPIRO, II AF MITROVICA, JX DAVIS, JL MATHEWS, PM SHAPIRO, II TI DETERMINATION OF TIDAL H LOVE NUMBER PARAMETERS IN THE DIURNAL BAND USING AN EXTENSIVE VLBI DATA SET SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INNER CORE DYNAMICS; RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; FORCED NUTATIONS; EARTH; GEODESY AB We use over a decade of geodetic VLBI data to estimate parameters in a resonance expansion of the frequency dependence of the tidal h2 Love number within the diurnal band. The resonance is associated with the retrograde free core nutation (RFCN). We obtain a value for the real part of the resonance strength of (-0.27 +/- 0.03) X 10(-3); a value of -0.19 X 10(-3) is predicted theoretically. Uncertainties in the VLBI estimates of the body tide radial displacement amplitudes are approximately 0.5 mm (1.1 mm for the Kl frequency), but they do not yield sufficiently small Love number uncertainties for placing useful constraints on the frequency of the RFCN, given the much smaller uncertainties obtained from independent analyses using nutation or gravimetric data. We also consider the imaginary part or the tidal h2 Love number. The estimated imaginary part of the resonance strength is (0.00 +/- 0.02) X 10(-3). The estimated imaginary part of the nonresonant component of the Love number implies a phase angle in the diurnal tidal response of the Earth of 0.7-degrees +/- 0.5-degrees (lag). C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP UNIV TORONTO, DEPT PHYS, 60 ST GEORGE ST, TORONTO M5S 1A4, ONTARIO, CANADA. RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 8 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1029/94GL00630 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NG993 UT WOS:A1994NG99300017 ER PT J AU KALFATOVIC, MR AF KALFATOVIC, MR TI WARHOL,ANDY - ABSTRACTS - WARHOL,A SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP KALFATOVIC, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,NATL PORTRAIT GALLERY LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 7 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA NF614 UT WOS:A1994NF61400042 ER PT J AU CHUPP, TE HOARE, RJ WALSWORTH, RL WU, B AF CHUPP, TE HOARE, RJ WALSWORTH, RL WU, B TI SPIN-EXCHANGE-PUMPED HE-3 AND XE-129 ZEEMAN MASERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; LIMITS AB Steady-state noble gas Zeeman masers operating with He-3 and Xe-129 have been realized by spin exchange with laser optically pumped Rb. These masers can operate continuously for arbitrary lengths of time. For measurement intervals tau = 1000 to 10000 s, frequency measurement precision for a phase locked Xe-129 maser is shown to be better than 1 x 10(-2)tau-3/2 Hz. Startup transients are used to study gain characteristics. In a two-cell setup maser conditions for both species can be optimized allowing a wide array of precision measurements. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP CHUPP, TE (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 19 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 15 BP 2363 EP 2366 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.2363 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NE851 UT WOS:A1994NE85100014 ER PT J AU ELVIS, M FIORE, F MATHUR, S WILKES, BJ AF ELVIS, M FIORE, F MATHUR, S WILKES, BJ TI X-RAY-ABSORPTION TOWARD THE RED QUASAR 3C-212 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE QUASARS, INDIVIDUAL (3C-212); X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; CYGNUS-A; RICH ENVIRONMENTS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; POLARIZATION; DISCOVERY AB A ROSAT X-ray spectrum of the z = 1.049 ''red quasar'' 3C 212 has a strong low-energy cutoff. The spectrum can be fitted with a power law (of energy index 1.4(-0.6)+0.8) with low-energy photoelectric absorption in excess of the Galactic value that, if at the redshift of the quasar, would have a column density of (0.9(-0.6)+0.8) x 10(22) atoms cm-2. Possible sites for the absorption are a nuclear torus, an intervening damped Lyman-alpha system, or intracluster material (e.g., a cooling flow) around the quasar. The implied absorbing column density is sufficient to redden a normal quasar spectrum to the observed steep optical slope. The observed continuum, if dereddened by this amount, can produce the observed emission line fluxes and ratios. The absence of the graphite lambda2175 feature in 3C 212 however, requires dust different from the local Milky Way composition, or an intervening absorber with z < 0.4. Alternative acceptable fits to the X-ray spectrum are (1) a blackbody with a temperature of 0.7 keV (in the quasar frame) modified only by Galactic absorption, and (2) an optically thin thermal plasma with excess absorption. Although a blackbody spectrum would be unprecedented, the model is consistent with all the available X-ray and optical data and cannot be ruled out. We discuss possible observations that can discriminate among the above models. RP ELVIS, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 425 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1086/173966 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NE028 UT WOS:A1994NE02800011 ER PT J AU SCHMIEDER, B GOLUB, L ANTIOCHOS, SK AF SCHMIEDER, B GOLUB, L ANTIOCHOS, SK TI COMPARISON BETWEEN COOL AND HOT PLASMA BEHAVIORS OF SURGES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PLASMAS; SUN, ACTIVITY; SUN, CHROMOSPHERE; SUN, CORONA; SUN, MAGNETIC FIELDS ID H-ALPHA; X-RAY; TRANSITION REGION; ACTIVE REGION; CORONAL LOOPS; C-IV; SOLAR; SPICULES; EMISSION; DYNAMICS AB Ground-based coordinated observations with the Multichannel Subtractive Double Pass spectrograph (MSDP) allowed us to obtain chromospheric intensity and velocity field maps below coronal structures during the launch of the NIXT payload on 1991 July 11 (eclipse day). A large Halpha ejection in AR 6713 (N38 W40) was detected during the NIXT flight. However, only a low level of X-ray emission was associated with this event. In contrast, bright X-ray emission associated with a subflare was observed in a nearby active region, but with only a weak associated ejection in Halpha. A discussion of both of these events gives strong constraints on the triggering mechanisms of surges. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 425 IS 1 BP 326 EP & DI 10.1086/173987 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NE028 UT WOS:A1994NE02800032 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, JM YAMAMOTO, Y GLU, AI AF JACOBSON, JM YAMAMOTO, Y GLU, AI TI A QUANTIZED-CURRENT STANDARD BASED ON COHERENT PI-PULSE EXCITATION OF A QUANTUM-DOT SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; BOUND EXCITONS; PUMP; ELECTRONS; BARRIERS; CDS AB A quantized-current standard tied to the frequency standard (I = ef) is proposed based on coherent optical pi-pulse excitation of a quantum dot. Fluctuations in the current are calculated by averaging the quantum dot density matrix over the basis states of an incident coherent-state pi-pulse. The effects of a finite population lifetime (T1) and dipole lifetime (T2) via an appropriate Markoff approximation are included. We show that a quantized-photocurrent accuracy, (ef - [I])/ef, of 1 part in 10(4) at a current of I = 1.6 pA (f = 10 MHz) is possible in a semiconductor quantum dot system operating at 2 K. Such a device may be useful for the generation of photon number states in quantum optics, i.e. the realization of a photon current standard. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, GINZTON LAB, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TEL PUBL CORP, BASIC RES LABS, MUSASHINO, TOKYO 180, JAPAN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP JACOBSON, JM (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, DEPT APPL PHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RI Yamamoto, Yoshihisa/A-2811-2012 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/26/2/009 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NJ075 UT WOS:A1994NJ07500009 ER PT J AU MITROVICA, JX DAVIS, JL SHAPIRO, II AF MITROVICA, JX DAVIS, JL SHAPIRO, II TI A SPECTRAL FORMALISM FOR COMPUTING 3-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATIONS DUE TO SURFACE LOADS .1. THEORY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL-ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; DEEP MANTLE VISCOSITY; SEA-LEVEL; GRAVITY CHANGES; EARTHS SURFACE; TIDES; CONSTRAINT; INVERSION; ROTATION; OCEANS AB We outline a complete spectral formalism for computing high spatial resolution three-dimensional deformations arising from the surface mass loading of a spherically symmetric planet. The main advantages of the formalism are that all surface mass loads are always described using a consistent mathematical representation (expansions using spherical harmonic basis functions) and that calculations of deformation fields for various spatial resolutions can be performed by simply altering the spherical harmonic degree truncation level of the procedure. The latter may be important when incorporating improved observational constraints on a particular surface mass load, when considering potential errors in the computed field associated with mass loading having a spatial scale unresolved by the observational constraints, or when treating a number of global surface mass loads constrained with different spatial resolutions. These advantages do not extend to traditional ''Green's function'' approaches which involve surface element discretizations of the global mass loads. In the practical application of the Green's function approach the discretization is subjective and dependent on the particular surface mass load being considered. Furthermore, treatment of mass loads with higher spatial resolutions can require tedious rediscretization of the surface elements. Another advantage of the spectral formalism, over the Green's function approach, is that a posteriori analyses of the computed deformation fields, such as degree correlations, power spectra, and filtering analyses, are easily performed. In developing the spectral formalism, we consider specific cases where the Earth's mantle is assummed to respond as an elastic, slightly anelastic, or linear viscoelastic medium. In the case of an elastic or slightly anelastic mantle rheology the spectral response equations incorporate frequency dependent Love numbers. The formalism can therefore be used, for example, to compute the potentially resonant deformational response associated with the free core nutation and Chandler wobble eigenfunctions. For completeness, the spectral response equations include both body forces, as arise from the gravitational attraction of the Sun and the Moon, and surface mass loads. In either case, and for both elastic and anelastic mantle rheologies, we outline a pseudo-spectral technique for computing the ocean adjustment associated with the total gravitational perturbation induced by the external forcing. Three-dimensional deformations computed using the usual Love number approach are generally referenced to an origin located at the center of mass of the undeformed planet. We derive a spectral technique for transforming the results to an origin located at the center of mass of the deformed planet. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP UNIV TORONTO, DEPT PHYS, 60 ST GEORGE ST, TORONTO M5S 1A7, ONTARIO, CANADA. RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 59 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B4 BP 7057 EP 7073 DI 10.1029/93JB03128 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF970 UT WOS:A1994NF97000022 ER PT J AU MITROVICA, JX DAVIS, JL SHAPIRO, II AF MITROVICA, JX DAVIS, JL SHAPIRO, II TI A SPECTRAL FORMALISM FOR COMPUTING 3-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATIONS DUE TO SURFACE LOADS .2. PRESENT-DAY GLACIAL ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article AB Using a spherically symmetric, self-gravitating, linear viscoelastic Earth model, we predict present-day three-dimensional surface deformation rates and baseline evolutions arising as a consequence of the late Pleistocene glacial cycles. In general, we use realistic models for the space-time geometry of the final late Pleistocene deglaciation event and incorporate a gravitationally self-consistent ocean meltwater redistribution. The predictions of horizontal velocity presented herein differ significantly, in both their amplitude and their spatial variation, from those presented in an earlier analysis of others which adopted simplified models of both the late Pleistocene ice history and the Earth rheology. An important characteristic of our predicted velocity fields is that the melting of the Laurentide ice sheet over Canada is capable of contributing appreciably to the adjustment in Europe. The sensitivity of the predictions to variations in mantle rheology is investigated by considering a number of different Earth models, and by computing appropriate Frechet kernels. These calculations suggest that the sensitivity of the deformations to the Earth's rheology is significant and strongly dependent on the location of the site relative to the ancient ice sheet. The effects on the predictions of three-dimensional deformation rates of altering the ice history or adopting approximate models for the ocean meltwater redistribution have also been considered and found to be important (the former especially so). Finally, for a suite of Earth models we provide predictions of the velocity of a number of baselines in North America and Europe. We find that, in general, both radial and tangential motions contribute significantly to baseline length changes, and that these contributions are a strong function of the Earth model. We have, furthermore, found a set of Earth models which, together with the ICE-3G deglaciation chronology, produce predictions of baseline length changes that are consistent with very long baseline interferometry measurements of baselines within Europe. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP MITROVICA, JX (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO, DEPT PHYS, 60 ST GEORGE ST, TORONTO M5S 1A7, ONTARIO, CANADA. RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 16 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B4 BP 7075 EP 7101 DI 10.1029/93JB03401 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF970 UT WOS:A1994NF97000023 ER PT J AU TANANBAUM, H AF TANANBAUM, H TI SPACE SCIENCE CRUNCH SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP TANANBAUM, H (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 8 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5156 BP 186 EP 187 DI 10.1126/science.264.5156.186-a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NE410 UT WOS:A1994NE41000006 PM 17749007 ER PT J AU TUROSS, N FOGEL, ML NEWSOM, L DORAN, GH AF TUROSS, N FOGEL, ML NEWSOM, L DORAN, GH TI SUBSISTENCE IN THE FLORIDA ARCHAIC - THE STABLE-ISOTOPE AND ARCHAEOBOTANICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE WINDOVER SITE SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON ISOTOPES; BONE-COLLAGEN; NITROGEN; DIET; AFRICA; RATIOS; MARINE; PRESERVATION; N-15 AB A paleodietary analysis of the mid-Holocene mortuary site, Windover (8BR246), based on carbon and nitrogen bone-collagen values and archaeobotanical information is consistent with a subsistence strategy that utilized river-dwelling fauna and a range of terrestrial flora, such as grapes and prickly pear. The isotopic analysis does not support the extensive human dietary use of either marine mammals or classic terrestrial fauna such as deer or rabbit. Seasonal (late summer/early fall) use of the site is indicated by the range of flora found in association with the burials. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,CTR ARCHAEOL INVEST,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP TUROSS, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,4210 SILVER HILL RD,SUITLAND,MD 20746, USA. RI Fogel, Marilyn/M-2395-2015 OI Fogel, Marilyn/0000-0002-1176-3818 NR 81 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD APR PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 BP 288 EP 303 DI 10.2307/281933 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA NK125 UT WOS:A1994NK12500009 ER PT J AU POST, RC AF POST, RC TI BREAKING FRAME - TECHNOLOGY AND THE VISUAL-ARTS IN THE 19TH-CENTURY - WOSK,J SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP POST, RC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD APR PY 1994 VL 99 IS 2 BP 526 EP 526 DI 10.2307/2167306 PG 1 WC History SC History GA NJ047 UT WOS:A1994NJ04700043 ER PT J AU SNYDER, LM KLIPPEL, WE AF SNYDER, LM KLIPPEL, WE TI DARK AGE SUBSISTENCE IN EAST CRETE - EXPLORING SUBSISTENCE CHANGE AND CONTINUITY DURING THE LATE BRONZE-AGE EARLY IRON-AGE TRANSITION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHAEOLOGICAL INST PI NEW YORK PA 135 WILLIAM ST, NEW YORK, NY 10038-3805 SN 0002-9114 J9 AM J ARCHAEOL JI Am. J. Archaeol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 98 IS 2 BP 327 EP 327 PG 1 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA NF326 UT WOS:A1994NF32600199 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, MJ HENRICKSON, RC AF BLACKMAN, MJ HENRICKSON, RC TI ANCIENT AND MODERN CLAYS AND PHRYGIAN POTTERY PRODUCTION AT GORDION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHAEOLOGICAL INST PI NEW YORK PA 135 WILLIAM ST, NEW YORK, NY 10038-3805 SN 0002-9114 J9 AM J ARCHAEOL JI Am. J. Archaeol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 98 IS 2 BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA NF326 UT WOS:A1994NF32600235 ER PT J AU WASHBURN, WE AF WASHBURN, WE TI READING FOOTBALL - HOW THE POPULAR PRESS CREATED AN AMERICAN SPECTACLE - ORIARD,M SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review RP WASHBURN, WE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 SN 0003-1321 J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC History SC History GA NJ788 UT WOS:A1994NJ78800038 ER PT J AU ELLINGSON, E YEE, HKC BECHTOLD, J DOBRZYCKI, A AF ELLINGSON, E YEE, HKC BECHTOLD, J DOBRZYCKI, A TI METAL-LINE ABSORPTION AT ZABS-SIMILAR-TO-ZEM FROM ASSOCIATED GALAXIES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MG-II ABSORPTION; C-IV ABSORPTION; RADIO GALAXIES; SYSTEMS; SPECTRA; QUASARS; CLUSTER; QSOS; FIELDS AB For a preliminary study of whether C IV absorption at z(abs) approximately z(em) is related to associated galaxy companions, we have collected data from a sample of 10 quasars with 0.15