FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bushmann, PJ Atema, J AF Bushmann, PJ Atema, J TI Nephropore rosette glands of the lobster Homarus americanus: Possible sources of urine pheromones SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLEOPOD TEGUMENTAL GLANDS; SEX-PHEROMONE; CRUSTACEA; SIGNALS; CUTICLE; CRAB AB This study examined the nephropore area of sexually mature lobsters for the presence of structures capable of producing chemical signals in conjunction with urine release. Urine signals are used for chemical communication in the lobster Homarus americanus. Male urine plays a role in the determination of dominance and female choice of dominant males, while female urine reduces the incidence of male aggressive behavior and induces male mating behavior Masses of rosette glands were found, lateral and medial to the ureter of all animals examined. Staining properties and gland morphology suggest that nephropore rosettes are active in males and females, in all molt stages and at all times of the year. Rosette glands stained positively for protein and mucopolysaccharides. Gland complexes did not show histochemical evidence of phenoloxidase, a product of some crustacean rosette glands. Nephropore rosette glands were packaged into clusters, which in turn were organized into lateral and medial gland complexes lying alongside each ureter. Complexes were joined by a common duct terminating at the bladder, while rosettes in some anterior clusters were served by individual ducts passing through the nephropore sphincter and terminating outside the animal adjacent to the site of urine release. These two duct systems could allow gland complexes to release their products into the environment with or without concomitant urine release, and as such these glands are good candidates for sources of chemical signals. C1 BOSTON UNIV,MARINE PROGRAM,MARINE BIOL LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP Bushmann, PJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 16 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.2307/1548878 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UM913 UT WOS:A1996UM91300001 ER PT J AU Faust, MA Gulledge, RA AF Faust, MA Gulledge, RA TI Associations of microalgae and meiofauna in floating detritus at a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ciliates; cyanobacteria; detritus; diatoms; dinoflagellates; mangrove; meiofauna; nematodes ID AGGREGATIONS MARINE SNOW; NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; ECOLOGY AB Associations of benthic microalgae and meiofauna affected by temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations were examined in floating detritus in a shallow mangrove embayment in a 6 day time-series investigation. Floating detritus exhibits a diurnal movement: it rises to the surface via oxygen bubbles generated by attached microalgae at sunrise and sinks down at sunset. In floating mangrove detritus, dinoflagellates were present in highest proportion (50-90%), followed by diatoms (5-15%), cyanobacteria (3-25%) and dinoflagellate cysts (1-7%). Microalgal densities correlated significantly with dissolved oxygen concentrations (r(2) = 0.763, P < 0.01) and with depth + time + dissolved oxygen concentrations (r(2) = 0.902, P < 0.01). The vertical distributions of microalgal taxa in detritus were different with depth and time. In floating detritus, nematodes, ciliates, copepods and crustacean larvae were the most numerous. In bottom detritus, dominant meiofauna were: nematodes (1.8 X 10(3) to 3.2 X 10(3) organisms l(-1)), ciliates (5.3 X 10(2) to 1.1 X 10(3) organisms l(-1)), crustacean larvae (2.7 X 10(2) to 2.4 X 10(2) organisms l(-1)) and copepods (0 to 1.1 X 10(2) organisms l(-1)); however, in midwater these heterotrophic organisms were the lowest, and they were intermediate in surface detritus. The distribution of heterotrophic taxa was significantly different with depth (r(2) = 0.577, P < 0.001), but it did not vary significantly with day or time. Ciliates and nematodes were the major consumers of dinoflagellates in the aggregates. RP Faust, MA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT BOT, 4201 SILVER HILL RD, SUITLAND, MD 20746 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 197 IS 2 BP 159 EP 175 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UU635 UT WOS:A1996UU63500001 ER PT J AU Windsor, DM Trapnell, DW Amat, G AF Windsor, DM Trapnell, DW Amat, G TI The egg capitulum of a neotropical walkingstick, Calynda bicuspis, induces aboveground egg dispersal by the ponerine ant, Ectatomma ruidum SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE oviposition; dispersal; Calynda bicuspis; walkingstick; Phasmidae; ants; Ponerinae; Ectatomma ruidum ID SEEDS; ELAIOSOMES AB Field observations of a walkingstick, Calynda bicuspis, reveal that its eggs are rapidly discovered and transported by the ponerine ant, Ectatomma ruidum during both dry and wet seasons in Costa Rica. The importance of the egg capitulum in inducing ant transport was established by presenting eggs from which the capitulum had been removed or sealed. Untreated eggs, including those initially taken into nests, were moved approximately 1 m and dropped on the surface of the ground, unlike the eggs of several Old World walkingstick species which ants bury, High rates of oviposition following the termination of prolonged copulatory periods appear to lead to the clumping of eggs, perhaps increasing their susceptibility to a specialist egg-parasitoid, Amisega sp. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA ANCON,PANAMA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1007/BF02214015 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UT190 UT WOS:A1996UT19000001 ER PT J AU Albert, MS Tseng, CH Williamson, D Oteiza, ER Walsworth, RL Kraft, B Kacher, D Holman, BL Jolesz, FA AF Albert, MS Tseng, CH Williamson, D Oteiza, ER Walsworth, RL Kraft, B Kacher, D Holman, BL Jolesz, FA TI Hyperpolarized Xe-129 MR imaging of the oral cavity SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE SERIES B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; SENSORY STIMULATION; HUMAN-BRAIN; EXCHANGE; GAS C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Albert, MS (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1064-1866 J9 J MAGN RESON SER B JI J. Magn. Reson. Ser. B PD MAY PY 1996 VL 111 IS 2 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1006/jmrb.1996.0084 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA UK910 UT WOS:A1996UK91000016 PM 8661283 ER PT J AU White, PJ White, CAV Ralls, K AF White, PJ White, CAV Ralls, K TI Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Vulpes macrotis mutica; San Joaquin kit fox; diet; availability of prey; drought; California ID FOOD AB Diet and abundance of San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) were monitored over 45 months (1989-1992) at a semi-arid site in southcentral California. From 1990 to early 1991, the mammalian prey of these endangered foxes declined markedly to densities 2-5X lower than at peak. During late 1991 and 1992, however, the populations of at least three species of mammalian prey irrupted. Regardless of these fluctuations, foxes maintained consistent preferences among small mammals, and did not shift their diets to other prey when mammalian prey was scarce. Although we did not detect a clear functional response, foxes did respond numerically because their abundance decreased after the decline in mammalian prey. This decline in abundance was due to proportionately fewer females successfully rearing young and high coyote-induced mortality, rather than foxes abandoning their territories. Because kit foxes continue to prey on their staple species during times of prey scarcity, declines in rates of consumption could exert a strong influence on the population dynamics of this endangered fox. We suggest that population dynamics of kit foxes may be similar to those of obligate predators due to their apparent unwillingness or inability to switch to abundant, alternate prey during declines in density of their preferred prey. C1 SAN JAUN COLL,DIV MATH SCI & ALLIED HLTH,FARMINGTON,NM 87402. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP White, PJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT WILDLIFE ECOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 77 IS 2 BP 370 EP 376 DI 10.2307/1382810 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA UM562 UT WOS:A1996UM56200009 ER PT J AU Veit, M Bilger, T Muhlbauer, T Brummet, W Winter, K AF Veit, M Bilger, T Muhlbauer, T Brummet, W Winter, K TI Diurnal changes in flavonoids SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anacardium excelsum; chlorophyll fluorescence; Cryptogramma crispa; flavonoids; UV-B radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; SENSITIVITY; LIGHT AB Field studies of a tropical tree, Anacardium excelsum, and a northern hemisphere high altitude fern, Cryptogramma crispa, revealed marked diurnal changes in soluble flavonoid content of leaves and fronds, respectively. The flavonoid content increased during the morning and decreased during the afternoon. In plants of C. crispa covered with W-B absorbing filters, the flavonoid content remained at a constant level throughout the day/night cycle. Upon removal of W-B absorbing filters (at night), the flavonoid content increased the next morning in a fashion similar to that observed in control plants maintained without filters. Decreases in photosystem II photochemical efficiency upon exposure of C. crispa to natural daylight were similar in plants previously covered with UV-B absorbing filters and in control plants, probably owing to the observed ability of plants to rapidly accumulate UV-B protective flavonoids. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP Veit, M (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,MITTLERER DALLENBERGWEG 64,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RI Strid, Ake/E-5309-2012; OI Strid, Ake/0000-0003-3315-8835; Bilger, Wolfgang/0000-0001-7800-4210 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 19 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 478 EP 482 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UT416 UT WOS:A1996UT41600033 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Byers, AP Johnston, LA Armstrong, DL Wildt, DE AF Donoghue, AM Byers, AP Johnston, LA Armstrong, DL Wildt, DE TI Timing of ovulation after gonadotrophin induction and its importance to successful intrauterine insemination in the tiger (Panthera tigris) SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID CHEETAH ACINONYX-JUBATUS; PUMA FELIS-CONCOLOR; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; FERTILIZATION INVITRO; CATUS L; SPERMATOZOA; ESTRUS AB The ovarian response to equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), the effect of timing of ovulation relative to hCG injection and the use of laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination (Al) were examined in two subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris). Adult female tigers were subjected to the same eCG/hCG treatment followed by laparoscopy under xylazine/diazapam/ketamine HCl anaesthesia at 39-42 h (Group I, n = 9), 46-49 h (Group II, n = 5) or 51-55 h (Group III, n = 5) after hCG. Six of these females, observed to be postovulatory at the time of laparoscopy (Group II, n = 3; Group III, n = 3), were subjected to intrauterine AI. The number of preovulatory follicles observed on the ovaries of Group I females was twofold greater (P < 0.05) than the number observed on ovaries of females in Group II and III. Fewer (P < 0.05) corpora lutea were observed on ovaries of Group I females (1.3 +/- 0.6) compared with the number of corpora lutea in Group II and III (combined average, 7.8 +/- 0.8 corpora lutea per female). Only one of ten females in Groups II and III failed to ovulate by the time of laparoscopy. Four Group I females never ovulated, based on a laparoscopic re-evaluation 4 weeks later. One female inseminated 46 h after hCG (Group II) became pregnant and delivered a healthy cub after a normal gestation. There were no apparent differences between subspecies in response to the same ovulation induction protocol. Results demonstrate the importance of the relationship between exogenous gonadotrophin treatment and onset of anaesthesia for laparoscopic examination and AI in tigers. Data clearly indicate that anaesthesia/laparoscopy conducted too early (39-42 h after hCG) compromises the number of females and proportion of follicles ovulating. In contrast, ovulation success is high if anaesthesia/laparoscopy is performed after this time, and intrauterine insemination can result in healthy young. C1 ARS,USDA,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CONSERVAT BREEDING SPECIALIST GRP,APPLE VALLEY,MN 55124. HENRY DOORLY ZOO,OMAHA,NE 68107. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 107 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA UM852 UT WOS:A1996UM85200009 PM 8699434 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Modern art in the common culture - Crow,T SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 8 BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA UK201 UT WOS:A1996UK20100029 ER PT J AU Riley, SM AF Riley, SM TI Edson - Morrissey,B SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, SM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 8 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA UK201 UT WOS:A1996UK20100200 ER PT J AU Morgan, SG Christy, JH AF Morgan, SG Christy, JH TI Survival of marine larvae under the countervailing selective pressures of photodamage and predation SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; VERTICAL MIGRATION; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; SOLAR; FISHES; EGGS AB Unlike most zooplankters, larvae of decapod crustaceans and fsh often are pigmented and may hatch and ascend to the sea surface during the day. Chromatophores possibly protect these larvae from ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but may increase their visibility to planktivorous fsh. We exposed larvae of four species of tropical crabs to sunlight and to planktivorous fish in the field to address this paradox. Most lightly pigmented larvae of three species died from exposure to sunlight within 1 d, and 94-97.5% of them died after 2 d. The more darkly pigmented Pachygrapsus transversus larvae survived significantly better; only 57% of them died after 2 d of exposure to sunlight. These darkly pigmented larvae survived encounters with fish as well as or better than larvae of two other species that did not have large melanophores. Larval chromatophore systems may block UVR without greatly increasing the visibility of larvae to fish. Larvae that migrate from adult habitats to nursery grounds in surface waters throughout the day likely have chromatophore systems that are effective against both of these countervailing selective pressures; however, increasing UVR may stress larvae. The timing of larval release relative to the diel cycle was not related to the susceptibility of larvae to photodamage. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 41 IS 3 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA UW657 UT WOS:A1996UW65700013 ER PT J AU Gavrila, M Shertzer, J AF Gavrila, M Shertzer, J TI Two-electron atoms in superintense radiation fields: Dichotomy and stabilization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY LASER FIELDS; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; HYDROGEN-ATOM; BOUND-STATE; INTENSE; POLARIZATION; DETACHMENT; SCATTERING; ION AB The high-frequency Floquet theory describing the interaction of a two-electron atom with a linearly polarized laser field is applied to the case when the characteristic parameter alpha(0)=E(0) omega(-2) a.u. is large, corresponding to the dichotomy regime of the one-electron problem. We first revisit this case and extend the large-ct, energy-level formula obtained earlier to higher order in alpha(0)(-1). We then prove the existence of a dichotomy regime also for the two-electron atom, characterized by the two electrons being situated in disjoint electronic clouds separated by an average distance of 2 alpha(0). We obtain the first four terms in the expansion of the related energy-level formula in fractional powers of alpha(0)(-1). The coefficients entering this expansion have been expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of a nonseparable Schrodinger equation containing the end-point potential and of integrals over its eigenfunctions. The equation was solved using the finite element method. An infinite sequence of levels emerges. In the case of H- this implies the existence of a large number of light-induced excited states, some of them corresponding to two-electron excitations not subject to autodetachment. Finally, we prove that in the dichotomy regime a two-electron atom undergoes stabilization and that the ionization rates are essentially twice those for a one-electron atom with the same nuclear charge. C1 FOM, INST ATOM & MOLEC PHYS, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. COLL HOLY CROSS, WORCESTER, MA 01610 USA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1996 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3431 EP 3443 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3431 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UK940 UT WOS:A1996UK94000067 ER PT J AU Oftedal, OT Bowen, WD Boness, DJ AF Oftedal, OT Bowen, WD Boness, DJ TI Lactation performance and nutrient deposition in pups of the harp seal, phoca groenlandica, on ice floes off southeast labrador SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYSTOPHORA-CRISTATA; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; HOODED SEAL; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ELEPHANT SEAL; HARBOR SEAL; BODY-COMPOSITION; NEONATAL GROWTH; MATERNAL SIZE; MASS-TRANSFER AB Harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) give birth on pack ice and nurse their pups for about 13 d. We hypothesized that lactating females would transfer milk and energy to pups at a high rate to compensate for the brevity of lactation. To test this hypothesis, the milk intake of five pups was measured over a 6-8-d period after administration of deuterium oxide, the initial age of pups was estimated to range from 0 to 5 d postpartum. Body water content of 17 pups was also measured by isotope dilution, and the body composition of 12 pups was determined by chemical analysis. The proximate composition of harp seal milk (n = 21) was also assayed. Harp seal pups contained little fat (3%) at birth, but 61% of the increase in body mass (average 2.3 kg/d) was fat, with the result that fat accounted for 47% of body mass at weaning. Body water estimated by isotope dilution was not significantly different from that measured directly (n = 9 paired samples); water composed 72% of lean boyd mass. From birth to weaning, milk lipid increased from 36% to 57%, and milk water declined from 51% to 32%. Pup milk intake averaged 3.7 kg/d. Mass gain of pups was highly correlated with both milk intake and energy intake (r(2)>0.98 for both). On average, pups consumed about 75 MJ/d, which is equivalent to a maternal energy yield of 1.9 MJ/(kg(0.75) . d). This rate of energy output is higher than that measured in most other phocids. Daily energy output is inversely related to lactation duration in phocids: a polynomial regression relating energy output to lactation duration explained 99% of the interspecific variation. C1 BEDFORD INST OCEANOG,MARINE FISH DIV,DARTMOUTH,NS B24 4A2,CANADA. RP Oftedal, OT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 NR 62 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0031-935X J9 PHYSIOL ZOOL JI Physiol. Zool. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 69 IS 3 BP 635 EP 657 PG 23 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA UJ474 UT WOS:A1996UJ47400010 ER PT J AU Morse, JA Raymond, JC Wilson, AS AF Morse, JA Raymond, JC Wilson, AS TI On the viability of gaseous ionization in active galaxies by fast shocks SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; NARROW-LINE REGION; ANISOTROPIC IONIZING-RADIATION; LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; JET-INDUCED VELOCITIES; SOFT-X-RAY; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; BOW SHOCK; PHOTOIONIZATION MODELS AB We discuss the possible importance of fast, photoionizing shocks as an ionization mechanism for the narrow and extended narrow line regions in active galaxies by referring to observational evidence for photoionizing shocks in nearby objects. Photoionizing shocks are observed in Herbig-Haro objects and supernova remnants (SNRs), where there are no strong, external sources of ionizing radiation, removing the ambiguities that persist in the regions surrounding active galactic nuclei. We show that in one SNR, the radiation field produced behind fast shocks is found to photoionize the precursor gas and generate a Seyfert-like spectrum. We conclude that photoionizing shocks are a viable mechanism for generating the emission-line spectra observed in the narrow line regions in active galaxies, but only under those circumstances where shocks are likely to be formed, e.g., through the interaction of a radio jet with the ISM. In those objects where sharp, straight-edged ionization cones are observed, beamed ionizing radiation from the active nucleus is preferred over photoionizing shocks. We show, however, that photoionizing shocks may help to resolve the UV photon deficit problem in some objects because a significant fraction of the ionizing radiation is emitted as line emission in the EUV. In fact, the UV continuum flux near 1300 Angstrom from a 400 km s(-1) shock is similar to 100 times lower than that from a power law containing the same number of ionizing photons. We discuss the implications of the strengths of collisionally excited UV lines, the weakness of Ca II lines, and the high electron temperatures derived from the [0 III] (lambda 4959+lambda 5007)/lambda 4363 ratio for the ionization mechanism. The observed extended soft X-ray emission in nearby AGNs may originate in shock-heated gas. C1 SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ASTRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 131 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 108 IS 723 BP 426 EP 440 DI 10.1086/133744 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UL015 UT WOS:A1996UL01500008 ER PT J AU Luu, JX Jewitt, DC AF Luu, JX Jewitt, DC TI The Kuiper belt SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article RP Luu, JX (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 274 IS 5 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UF933 UT WOS:A1996UF93300029 ER PT J AU Kumer, JB Mergenthaler, JL Roche, AE Nightingale, RW Ely, GA Uplinger, WG Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Stachnik, RA Webster, CR May, RD Murcray, DG Murcray, FJ Goldman, A Traub, WA Jucks, KW Johnson, DG AF Kumer, JB Mergenthaler, JL Roche, AE Nightingale, RW Ely, GA Uplinger, WG Gille, JC Massie, ST Bailey, PL Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Sen, B Blavier, JF Stachnik, RA Webster, CR May, RD Murcray, DG Murcray, FJ Goldman, A Traub, WA Jucks, KW Johnson, DG TI Comparison of correlative data with HNO3 version 7 from the CLAES instrument deployed on the NASA upper atmosphere research satellite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS INSITU MEASUREMENTS; DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; LIMB INFRARED MONITOR; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TRACE GASES; STRATOSPHERE; UARS; RETRIEVAL; OZONE; PERFORMANCE AB The cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) aboard UARS made near-global measurements of HNO3 and 388 days from January 9, 1992, to April 25, 1993, have been processed to data version 7 (V7). Results from UARS instruments, including CLAES, the improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder, and the microwave limb sounder, provide the first near-global documentation of the evolution of denitrification in the Antarctic 1992 winter and spring vortex. We provide a description of the CLAES HNO3 V7 quality that includes comparisons with correlative measurements to assess overall quality, accuracy, and precision. Correlative profiles of volume mixing ratio (vmr) included those obtained by the space shuttle deployed ATMOS in two missions, March-April 1992 and April 1993, data from a variety of balloon-borne instruments at midlatitude (11 profiles), and in high-latitude northern winter (six profiles), and LIMS data. In general, the CLAES V7 HNO3 maximum values of vmr were of the order of 6-15% less than correlative for CLAES values less than or equal to 8 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). However, when CLAES peak vmr values were 10 to 13 ppbv, then CLAES values exceeded correlative by 0-7%. The comparisons were within the combined instrumental error estimates, or observed measurement variability, for the large majority of comparisons. As discussed, the retrieval of future versions will utilize updated spectral parameters and will also correct for a small uncompensated drift in radiometric calibration that occurred in the latter part of the mission. This is expected to improve the comparisons in the less than or equal to 8 ppbv range, perhaps at the expense of those in the greater than or equal to 8 ppbv range. The data obtained January 9 to April 15, 1992, in comparison with data obtained January 9 to April 15, 1993, reveal strikingly evident 1-year period deseasonalized trends on a global basis. These trends agree quantitatively with available correlative data suitable fur trend analysis. These include ATMOS in the southern midlatitudes and published longterm time series of HNO3 column obtained at 45 degrees S and 20 degrees N. These trends reveal a large decrease in the southern hemisphere and small increases in the northern hemisphere, such that the global average is toward a decrease. The global average decrease we attribute to the diminishing influence of heterogeneous conversion of N2O5 to HNO3 as the Pinatubo aerosol settles out during this time period, and the HNO3 recovers toward pre-Pinatubo conditions. We establish plausibility that the small increases in the north are due to hemispherically asymmetric QBO-like effects that are strong in the northern hemisphere and weak in the southern hemisphere and are phased to produce an increase in HNO3 over the 1-year time period of just the right magnitude to more than offset decrease due to settling out of the Pinatubo aerosol. Based on this study, our range of confidence in the CLAES HNO3 V7 product is from 70 to 3 mbar, in comparison with correlative data, and the precision on this range is of the order of 0.3-1.0 ppbv. This precision was derived from data repeatability and agrees within a factor of 2 or better with estimates based on instrument characterization and with error estimates embedded within the V7 data. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV DENVER, DENVER, CO 80210 USA. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Kumer, JB (reprint author), LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS, 3251 HANOVER ST, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. NR 57 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 9621 EP 9656 DI 10.1029/95JD03759 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400006 ER PT J AU Roche, AE Kumer, JB Nightingale, RW Mergenthaler, JL Ely, GA Bailey, PL Massie, ST Gille, JC Edwards, DP Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Webster, CR Traub, WA Jucks, KW Johnson, DG Murcray, DG Murcray, FH Goldman, A Zipf, EC AF Roche, AE Kumer, JB Nightingale, RW Mergenthaler, JL Ely, GA Bailey, PL Massie, ST Gille, JC Edwards, DP Gunson, MR Abrams, MC Toon, GC Webster, CR Traub, WA Jucks, KW Johnson, DG Murcray, DG Murcray, FH Goldman, A Zipf, EC TI Validation of CH4 and N2O measurements by the cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer instrument on the upper atmosphere research satellite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS INSITU MEASUREMENTS; DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; O-3; STRATOSPHERE; CONSTITUENTS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; DATABASE AB CH4 and N2O are useful as dynamical tracers of stratospheric air transport because of their long photochemical lifetimes over a wide range of altitudes. The cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) instrument on the NASA UARS provided simultaneous global measurements of the altitude profiles of CH4 and N2O mixing ratios in the stratosphere between October 1, 1991, and May 5, 1993. Data between January 9, 1995 and May 5, 1993 (388 days), have been processed using version 7 data processing software, and this paper is concerned with the assessment of the quality of this data set. CLAES is a limb-viewing emission instrument, and approximately 1200 profiles were obtained each 24-hour period for each constituent over a nominal altitude range of 100 to 0.1 mbar (16 to 64 km). Each latitude was sampled 30 times per day between latitudes 34 degrees S and 80 degrees N, or 34 degrees N and 80 degrees S depending on the yaw direction of the UARS, and nearly all local times were sampled in about 36 days. This data set extends the altitude, latitude, and seasonal coverage of previous experiments, particularly in relation to measurements at high winter latitudes. To arrive at estimates of experiment error, we compared CLAES profiles for both gases with a wide variety of correlative data from ground-based, rocket, aircraft, balloon, and space-borne sensors, looked at the repeatability of multiple profiles in the same location, and carried out empirical estimates of experiment error based on knowledge of instrument characteristics. These analyses indicate an average single-profile CH4 systematic error of about 15% between 46 and 0.46 mbar, with CLAES biased high. The CH4 random error over this range is 0.08 to 0.05 parts per million, which translates to about 7% in the midstratosphere. For N2O the indicated systematic error is less than 15% at all altitudes between 68 and 2 mbar, with CLAES tending to be high below 6.8 mbar and low above. The N2O random error is 20 to 5 ppb between 46 and 2 mbar, which also translates to 7% in the low to midstratosphere. Both tracers have useful profile information to as low as 68 mbar, excluding the tropics, and as high as 0.2 mbar (CH4) and 1 mbar (N2O). The global fields show generally good spatial correlation and exhibit the major morphological and seasonal features seen in previous global field data. Several morphological features are painted out for regions and conditions for which there have been essentially no previous data. These include the differential behavior of the tracer isopleths near and inside the Antarctic winter vortex, and local maxima in the tropics in 1992, probably associated with the Mount Pinatubo sulfate aerosol layer. Overall, the results of this validation exercise indicate that the version 7 CH4 and N2O data sets can be used with good confidence for quantitative and qualitative studies of stratospheric and lower-mesospheric atmospheric structure and dynamics. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV DENVER, DEPT PHYS, DENVER, CO 80208 USA. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. RP Roche, AE (reprint author), LOCKHEED MARTIN PALO ALTO RES LAB, DEPT 91-20, BLDG 252, 3251 HANOVER ST, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 9679 EP 9710 DI 10.1029/95JD03442 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400008 ER PT J AU Lahoz, WA Suttie, MR Froidevaux, L Harwood, RS Lau, CL Lungu, TA Peckham, GE Pumphrey, HC Read, WG Shippony, Z Suttie, RA Waters, JW Nedoluha, GE Oltmans, SJ Russell, JM Traub, WA AF Lahoz, WA Suttie, MR Froidevaux, L Harwood, RS Lau, CL Lungu, TA Peckham, GE Pumphrey, HC Read, WG Shippony, Z Suttie, RA Waters, JW Nedoluha, GE Oltmans, SJ Russell, JM Traub, WA TI Validation of UARS microwave limb sounder 183 GHz H2O measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MESOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; MIDDLE AB The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) microwave limb sounder (MLS) makes measurements of thermal emission at 183.3 GHz which are used to infer the concentration of water vapor over a pressure range of 46 - 0.2 hPa (similar to 20 to similar to 60 km). We provide a validation of MLS H2O by analyzing the integrity of the measurements, by providing an error characterization, and by comparison with data from other instruments. It is estimated that version 3 MLS H2O retrievals are accurate to within 20-25 % in the lower stratosphere and to within 8-13 % in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, The precision of a single profile is estimated to be similar to 0.15 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in the midstratosphere and 0.2 ppmv in the lower and upper stratosphere, In the lower mesosphere the estimate of a single profile precision is 0.25-0.45 ppmv. During polar winter conditions, H2O retrievals at 46 hPa can have a substantial contribution from climatology. The vertical resolution of MLS H2O retrievals is similar to 5 km. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. UNIV READING, DEPT METEOROL, CGAM, READING RG6 2AU, BERKS, ENGLAND. HERIOT WATT UNIV, DEPT PHYS, EDINBURGH EH14 4AS, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Lahoz, WA (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH, DEPT METEOROL, EDINBURGH EH9 3JZ, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 10129 EP 10149 DI 10.1029/95JD01703 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400027 ER PT J AU Russell, JM Deaver, LE Luo, MZ Park, JH Gordley, LL Tuck, AF Toon, GC Gunson, MR Traub, WA Johnson, DG Jucks, KW Murcray, DG Zander, R Nolt, IG Webster, CR AF Russell, JM Deaver, LE Luo, MZ Park, JH Gordley, LL Tuck, AF Toon, GC Gunson, MR Traub, WA Johnson, DG Jucks, KW Murcray, DG Zander, R Nolt, IG Webster, CR TI Validation of hydrogen chloride measurements made by the halogen occultation experiment from the UARS platform SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; TRACE GASES; HCL; HF; STRATOSPHERE; OZONE; ATMOSPHERE; ANTARCTICA; PINATUBO; O3 AB The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on UARS uses the method of solar occultation limb sounding to measure the composition and structure of the stratosphere and mesosphere. One of the HALOE channels is spectrally centered at 3.4 mu m to measure the vertical profile and global distribution of hydrogen chloride. The mean difference between HALOE and 14 balloon correlative underflight measurements ranges from 8% to 19% throughout most of the stratosphere. This difference is within the limits of error bar overlap for the two data sets. The mean differences between HALOE and HCl data from ATMOS flights on the space shuttle is of the order of 15 to 20% for the 1992 flight and 10% for the 1993 flight. Generally, HALOE results tend to be low in these comparisons. Also, comparisons with two-dimensional model calculations and HALOE data are in good qualitative agreement regarding vertical profile shapes and features in a pressure versus latitude cross section. HCl values increase from similar to 0.3 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) to 1 ppbv in the lower stratosphere to 2.6 ppbv to 3.3 ppbv just above the stratopause which is the upper limit of HALOE single-profile measurements. There is a dependence of HCl results on the angle between the orbit plane and the Earth-Sun vector with HCl varying by +/-9% in the upper stratosphere. This variation appears to be altitude dependent and it is not discernible in the data below about 10 mbar. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE, DEPT EARTH SYST SCI, IRVINE, CA 92717 USA. G&A TECH SOFTWARE, HAMPTON, VA USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV DENVER, DENVER, CO 80210 USA. UNIV LIEGE, LIEGE, BELGIUM. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, AEROSP ELECT SYST DIV, HAMPTON, VA 23681 USA. RP Russell, JM (reprint author), NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI, HAMPTON, VA 23681 USA. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538 NR 40 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 10151 EP 10162 DI 10.1029/95JD01696 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400028 ER PT J AU Russell, JM Deaver, LE Luo, MZ Cicerone, RJ Park, JH Gordley, LL Toon, GC Gunson, MR Traub, WA Johnson, DG Jucks, KW Zander, R Nolt, IG AF Russell, JM Deaver, LE Luo, MZ Cicerone, RJ Park, JH Gordley, LL Toon, GC Gunson, MR Traub, WA Johnson, DG Jucks, KW Zander, R Nolt, IG TI Validation of hydrogen fluoride measurements made by the halogen occultation experiment from the UARS platform SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS; TRACE GASES; SPECTROSCOPY; HCL; HF; ANTARCTICA; CHLORIDE AB The hydrogen fluoride (HF) molecule is important as a tracer and for study of chlorine input to the stratosphere due to CFC's. This paper describes the characteristics of and data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) HF channel, including steps taken to validate the results. The on-orbit precision of the HF measurements is shown to be better than 0.04 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) to 0.06 ppbv throughout the stratosphere. The estimated accuracy is 14% to 27% depending on altitude, The internal consistency of the HF measurements is excellent as judged by sunrise/sunset differences and comparison with HALOE CH4 distributions. The mean difference between HALOE HF and correlative balloon underflight measurements is <7% from 5 mbar to 50 mbar. Comparisons with the shuttle ATLAS 1 Atmospheric Trace Molecules Observed by Spectroscopy (ATMOS) data are not as good and there is a systematic difference between HALOE (smaller) and ATMOS (larger) ranging from 10% to 20% at altitudes above the 10-mbar pressure level, Differences with ATMOS reach as much as 40% or more below the 10-mbar level. The larger differences in this region are believed to be due to dynamical influences on HF coupled with wide separations in space and time between HALOE and ATMOS measurements. Analysis of HALOE HF pressure versus longitude cross sections shows that obtaining close space and time coincidence can be very important in comparing tracer distributions. Typical characteristics of a pressure versus latitude cross section and polar orthographic projection are also discussed. Comparisons with latitudinal distributions of tracer measurements from previous experiments show similar features like the tropical double minimum due to the semiannual oscillation. All comparisons and analyses conducted provide good confidence in the validity of the HALOE HF results. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE, DEPT EARTH SYST SCI, IRVINE, CA 92717 USA. G&A TECH SOFTWARE, HAMPTON, VA 23666 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV LIEGE, LIEGE, BELGIUM. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, AEROSP ELECT SYST DIV, HAMPTON, VA 23861 USA. RP Russell, JM (reprint author), NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI, HAMPTON, VA 23861 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 10163 EP 10174 DI 10.1029/95JD01705 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400029 ER PT J AU Harries, JE Russell, JM Tuck, AF Gordley, LL Purcell, P Stone, K Bevilacqua, RM Gunson, M Nedoluha, G Traub, WA AF Harries, JE Russell, JM Tuck, AF Gordley, LL Purcell, P Stone, K Bevilacqua, RM Gunson, M Nedoluha, G Traub, WA TI Validation of measurements of water vapor from the halogen occultation experiment (HALOE) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; AEROSOL AB The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) experiment is a solar occultation limb sounder which operates between 2.45 and 10.0 mu m to measure the composition of the mesosphere, stratosphere, and upper troposphere. It flies onboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) which was launched in September 1991. Measurements are made of the transmittance of the atmosphere in a number of spectral channels as the Sun rises or sets behind the limb of the atmosphere. One of the channels, at 6.60 mu m, is a broadband filter channel tuned to detect absorption in the nu(2) band of water vapor. This paper describes efforts to validate the absolute and relative uncertainties (accuracy and precision) of the measurements from this channel. The HALOE data have been compared with independent measurements, using a variety of observational techniques, from balloons, from the ground, and from other space missions, and with the results of a two-dimensional model. The results show that HALOE is providing global measurements throughout the stratosphere and mesosphere with an accuracy within +/-10% over most of this height range, and to within +/-30% at the boundaries, and to a precision in the lower stratosphere of a few percent. The H2O data are combined with HALOE measurements of CH4 in order to test the data in terms of conservation of total hydrogen, with most encouraging results. The observed systematic behavior and internal consistency of the HALOE data, coupled with these estimates of their accuracy, indicate that the data may be used for quantitative tests of our understanding of the physical and chemical processes which control the concentration of H2O in the middle atmosphere. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. G&A TECH SOFTWARE, HAMPTON, VA 23666 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI, HAMPTON, VA 23861 USA. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP Harries, JE (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL, BLACKETT LAB, PRINCE CONSORT RD, LONDON SW7 2BZ, ENGLAND. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538 NR 24 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D6 BP 10205 EP 10216 DI 10.1029/95JD02933 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UJ404 UT WOS:A1996UJ40400032 ER PT J AU Crew, SR AF Crew, SR TI Smithsonian response SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Article RP Crew, SR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD APR 29 PY 1996 VL 74 IS 18 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA UH233 UT WOS:A1996UH23300022 ER PT J AU Gillan, CJ Tennyson, J McLaughlin, BM Burke, PG AF Gillan, CJ Tennyson, J McLaughlin, BM Burke, PG TI Low-energy electron impact excitation of the nitrogen molecule: Optically forbidden transitions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; INCIDENT ENERGIES; N-2; STATES; SCATTERING; PROGRAM; N2; DEPOSITION; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM AB Ab initio calculations are performed on the e(-)-N-2 scattering system, at low impact energies, using the R-matrix technique. The X (1) Sigma(g)(+) ground state and the lowest seven valence excited states, A (3) Sigma(u)(+), B (3) Pi(g), W (3) Delta(u), B' (3) Sigma(u)(-), a' (1) Sigma(u)(-), a (1) Pi(g) and w (1) Delta(u), of N-2 are included in the close coupling expansion with each state being represented by a configuration interaction wavefunction in a hybrid orbital set. Various approximations for the representation of the correlation between the target and the incident electron are investigated. Integrated and differential scattering cross sections are presented, and compared to experiment, for excitation from the ground level to optically forbidden levels. The results compare favourably with recent experiments in this energy region and remove a number of problems with our previous work. C1 UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Gillan, CJ (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV BELFAST, DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS, BELFAST BT7 1NN, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND. RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012 OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238 NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 1996 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1531 EP 1547 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/29/8/017 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UJ320 UT WOS:A1996UJ32000017 ER PT J AU Smith, RW AF Smith, RW TI The correspondence of John Flamsteed, the first astronomer royal, vol 1, 1666-1682 - Forbes,EG, Murdin,L, Willmoth,F SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP Smith, RW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 26 PY 1996 VL 272 IS 5261 BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UG826 UT WOS:A1996UG82600027 ER PT J AU Traub, WA Carleton, NP Porro, IL AF Traub, WA Carleton, NP Porro, IL TI A search technique for planets in nearby binary stars using a ground-based interferometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; SYSTEMS; ORBITS AB A search for Jovian-type planets in 100 nearby binary stars could be carried out with the existing ground-based infrared-optical telescope array (IOTA) interferometer. We would study binaries with sufficiently great separation (25-50 AU; typical separation around 0.4 arcsec) that such a planet could be in a stable orbit about one member of the pair. The method is to measure the angular separation of stars in each binary, with a single-measurement accuracy sufficient to detect the amplitude of a Uranus orbiting one of the stars. The technique is based on an auxiliary device, the pupil-splitting interferometer (PSI), which substantially reduces systematic and random errors by converting a measurement of angular separation into a measurement of the differential optical delay between the two components of the binary. The program would be relatively economical, and could begin soon. RP Traub, WA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 25 PY 1996 VL 101 IS E4 BP 9291 EP 9295 DI 10.1029/96JE00668 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA UG926 UT WOS:A1996UG92600010 ER PT J AU Raychaudhury, S Saslaw, WC AF Raychaudhury, S Saslaw, WC TI The observed distribution function of peculiar velocities of galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; galaxies, clusters, general; galaxies, distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe; methods, numerical ID ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; LOCAL UNIVERSE; LARGE-SCALE; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMETRY; DISTANCE; CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; MOTION AB We give the first determination of the observed peculiar velocity distribution function for a representative sample of galaxies which includes a wide range of clustering properties. We explore in detail the effects of uncertainties in sampling and in distance measures on the estimated distribution function. The observed distribution function is consistent with an earlier prediction of gravitational clustering, over the entire range of peculiar velocities, from field galaxies to rich clusters, on scales up to 50 h(100)(-1) Mpc. In the simplest consistent model, most of the inhomogeneous mass of the universe is in galaxies or their halos. We estimate the ''Mach number'' for the bulk flow within 50 h(100)(-1) Mpc from us to be M = Delta upsilon(r)/[upsilon(r)(2)](1/2) = 599/717 similar or equal to 0.8, which includes the effect of high-dispersion galaxies in clusters. The observed velocity distribution function agrees quantitatively with N-body simulations with Ohm(0) = 1 that have galaxies with a realistic mass spectrum. Further comparisons of the observed distribution with N-body simulations will provide a new technique for measuring H-0 and Ohm(0). These results provide new tests for all models of galaxy clustering. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ASTRON,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1996 VL 461 IS 2 BP 514 EP 524 DI 10.1086/177078 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UE570 UT WOS:A1996UE57000002 ER PT J AU Baldwin, JA Ferland, GJ Korista, KT Carswell, RF Hamann, F Phillips, MM Verner, D Wilkes, BJ Williams, RE AF Baldwin, JA Ferland, GJ Korista, KT Carswell, RF Hamann, F Phillips, MM Verner, D Wilkes, BJ Williams, RE TI Very high density clumps and outflowing winds in QSO broad-line regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line, profiles; quasars, emission lines; quasars, individual (Q0207-398) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION-LINE; ABSORPTION-LINE; C-III; N-III; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; CONTINUUM PROPERTIES AB Intercomparison of the spectra of seven high-luminosity quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) shows that there is a gradation of properties in their broad emission-line regions (BELRs) that can be understood as differing mixtures of different gas components. Six of these seven objects have unusually narrow BELR profiles, which greatly facilitates the disentangling of blends and measuring of weak lines, In the QSO 0207-398, the BELR is made up of at least three kinematically distinct components; its spectrum is in fact a composite of the spectra of the more homogeneous BELRs in the QSOs at either end of our sequence of properties. This paper focuses on the properties of the line-emitting region in Q0207-398 dubbed component ''A,'' which has sharp (FWHM = 1000 km s(-1)), symmetric line profiles centered at zero velocity. We find that these lines are emitted in very dense (n(H) similar to 10(12.5) cm(-3)) gas at a characteristic radius r similar to 10(17.7) cm from the continuum source and which emits a low-ionization spectrum including strong Al III lambda 1857. The second component, ''B,'' in Q0207-398 is the subject of a companion paper. It is characterized by high-ionization lines such as N V lambda 1240, O VI lambda 1034, and C IV lambda 1549 with profiles that peak at zero velocity but have a blue tail extending out to -11,000 km s(-1). It receives about the same incident flux as component A and therefore may lie at the same distance from the continuum source, but it is significantly less dense (n(H) similar to 10(11) cm(-3)). The remaining line emission from Q0207-398 is attributed to a component ''C'' which has reasonably broad (FWHM = 2000 km s(-1)), symmetric line profiles centered at zero velocity. Most of the Ly alpha and C III] lambda 1909 emission comes from this region, but it also contributes to C IV, N V, and many other lines. The spectrum of component C is in fact quite similar to that of ''normal'' QSOs. We interpret component A as the dense source for radiatively accelerated, outward flowing gas which we see as component B. Component A may consist of the ablated atmospheres of stars which have strayed too close to the QSO nucleus. In addition, component A's velocity width is essentially the same as that of the stellar population in the nucleus of M87. From the radius and velocity, we infer the presence of a central mass of only 10(7)-10(8) M., if we are measuring virial motions and if the ionizing continuum is isotropic. An alternate possibility is that the narrow single-peaked component A profile comes from a rotating torus/accretion disk, probably seen face-on, in which case it is impossible to measure the central mass. We discuss the similarity between Mg II-type broad absorption line (BAL) QSOs and Q0207-398, which does not have BALs. In fact, the two Mg II-type BAL objects in our sample have spectra almost exactly like that of Q0207-398, except that component B is seen in absorption rather than in emission. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR SPACE SCI & ASTROPHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Baldwin, JA (reprint author), CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV,CASILLA 603,LA SERENA,CHILE. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364; Ferland, Gary/0000-0003-4503-6333 NR 70 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1996 VL 461 IS 2 BP 664 EP 682 DI 10.1086/177093 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UE570 UT WOS:A1996UE57000017 ER PT J AU Ferland, GJ Baldwin, JA Korista, KT Hamann, F Carswell, RF Phillips, M Wilkes, B Williams, RE AF Ferland, GJ Baldwin, JA Korista, KT Hamann, F Carswell, RF Phillips, M Wilkes, B Williams, RE TI High metal enrichments in luminous quasars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, abundances; quasars, emission lines; quasars, individual (Q0207-398) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BROAD-LINE REGION; HIGH-REDSHIFT QSOS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; EMISSION-LINES; CONTINUUM AB We discuss observations of the broad emission line in luminous intermediate redshift quasars, with emphasis on Q0207-398. This object has relatively sharp lines, allowing us to deconvolve the profiles into distinct components. In this paper we examine the high ionization region, which we show must be matter-bounded, partially transparent to ionizing radiation. We measure a large N V lambda 1240/He II lambda 1640 ratio in Q0207-398, but detailed calculations predict this ratio to be similar to 1 for standard cloud properties. We show that no choice of incident continuum, ionizing photon flux, density, or even the appeal to nonradiative energy sources, can reproduce the observed N V, C IV, O VI, He II spectrum with solar abundances. The intensity of the N V line is sensitive to the abundance of the gas because the abundance of nitrogen, a secondary element, goes up roughly as the square of the metallicity. The lowest metallicity capable of reproducing the N V spectrum in Q0207-398 is Z approximate to 5 Z., consistent with that inferred to exist in the cores of massive galaxies after epochs of rapid star formation. Our final model of the high-ionization emission region is one with many properties similar to those inferred for broad absorption-line QSO absorption-line clouds. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT PHYS, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, INST ASTRON, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. STSCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. RP Ferland, GJ (reprint author), CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV, NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV, CASILLA 603, LA SERENA, CHILE. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364; Ferland, Gary/0000-0003-4503-6333 NR 61 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1996 VL 461 IS 2 BP 683 EP 697 DI 10.1086/177094 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UE570 UT WOS:A1996UE57000018 ER PT J AU Dahlem, M Heckman, TM Fabbiano, G Lehnert, MD Gilmore, D AF Dahlem, M Heckman, TM Fabbiano, G Lehnert, MD Gilmore, D TI The hot gaseous halo of the spiral galaxy NGC 3628 in the Leo Triplet SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, halos; galaxies, individual (NGC 3628); radiation mechanisms, thermal; X-rays, galaxies ID X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NGC-3628; M82; EMISSION AB In a 14 ks ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter pointing we detected an extended (28 x 40 kpc) halo of hot tenuous gas around NGC 3628, with a flat emission distribution and a temperature of T similar or equal to 2 x 10(6) K. The soft X-ray luminosity of the halo gas in the 0.1-2.0 keV band is similar to 8 x 10(39) ergs s(-1) and the total soft X-ray luminosity of NGC 3628 is approximately 2.1 x 10(40) ergs s(-1). The most likely heating source for the halo gas are the shocks resulting from a supernova-driven outflow from the circumnuclear starburst propagating through the halo interstellar medium. Both the morphology and the line ratios of associated optical emission-line gas are consistent with this interpretation. In many respects the soft X-ray halo of NGC 3628 resembles those of other nearby, edge-on starburst galaxies like, e.g., M82 and NGC 253. Its size and radiative cooling time indicate that halos like that of NGC 3628 have to be considered as potentially important contributors to the population of quasi-stellar object absorption-line systems. With two exceptions, most of the compact X-ray sources seen in projection within the halo of NGC 3628 are probably background active galactic nuclei. The remaining two sources might be condensations in the shock-heated halo gas. The soft X-ray properties of a few sources in the disk of NGC 3628 are consistent with those of high-mass X-ray binaries or powerful young supernova remnants. The PSPC spectrum of NGC 3627, which was within the field of view during our observations, also exhibits the typical characteristics of a starburst galaxy. It can be approximated by a power-law + Raymond-Smith model with a total soft X-ray luminosity of L(X) = 1.1 x 10(40) ergs s(-1). C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. ESA, DEPT SPACE SCI, DIV ASTROPHYS, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS. RP Dahlem, M (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, 3700 SAN MARTIN DR, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. NR 84 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1996 VL 461 IS 2 BP 724 EP + DI 10.1086/177097 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UE570 UT WOS:A1996UE57000021 ER PT J AU Campbell, RM Bartel, N Shapiro, II Ratner, MI Cappallo, RJ Whitney, AR Putnam, N AF Campbell, RM Bartel, N Shapiro, II Ratner, MI Cappallo, RJ Whitney, AR Putnam, N TI VLBI-derived trigonometric parallax and proper motion of PSR B2021+51 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; pulsars, individual (PSR B2021+51); techniques, interferometric ID PULSARS; ASTROMETRY; SYSTEM AB We present the first results from a long-term program to measure the trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions of a set of pulsars using VLBI. We obtained these results for PSR B2021+51 from four sessions of S-band observations of the pulsar and associated reference sources. We estimate a parallax of 0.95 +/- 0.37 mas, a proper motion of mu(alpha) = -8.11 +/- 0.24 mas yr(-1) and mu delta = +13.41 +/- 0.25 mas yr(-1), and a position at epoch 1992.723 of alpha = 20(h)22(m)49(s)87031 +/- 0.(s)00004 and delta = 51 degrees 54'50.'' 2913 +/- 0.'' 0003 (all J2000). Our parallax estimate implies an average electron density of 0.021 +/- 0.008 cm(-3) along the line of sight to the pulsar. We also effectively rule out a physical association with the supernova remnant HB 21. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. YORK UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01886. BROWN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008 OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1996 VL 461 IS 2 BP L95 EP L98 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UE572 UT WOS:A1996UE57200009 ER PT J AU Chance, K Traub, WA Johnson, DG Jucks, KW Ciarpallini, P Stachnik, RA Salawitch, RJ Michelsen, HA AF Chance, K Traub, WA Johnson, DG Jucks, KW Ciarpallini, P Stachnik, RA Salawitch, RJ Michelsen, HA TI Simultaneous measurements of stratospheric HOx, NOx, and Cl-x: Comparison with a photochemical model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENT; DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; O3; OH; HNO3; SPACELAB-3; CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL AB We report simultaneous measurements of the stratospheric concentration profiles of OH, HO2, H2O2, H2O, O-3, HNO3, NO2, N2O, HCl, HOCl, and ClO during a midlatitude balloon flight in 1989. Measurements were made over almost an entire diurnal cycle by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Far-Infrared Spectrometer (FIRS-2) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Balloon Microwave Limb Sounder (BMLS). We analyze these measurements using a photochemical model constrained by observations of long-lived gases. Measured HO, species (OH and HO2) and H2O2 show fair agreement with theory throughout the diurnal cycle. Measurements of HNO3 are higher than theory near the concentration peak, while the levels of NO2 are consistent with the model at most altitudes. Measurements of ClO and HOCl are less than predicted concentrations, suggesting a source of HCl in addition to the reaction of Cl with CH4. Possibilities for such a source include a minor HCl + O-2 product channel for the reaction of ClO with OH and a minor HCl + O-3 channel for the reaction of ClO with HO2. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Chance, K (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 55 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D4 BP 9031 EP 9043 DI 10.1029/96JD00064 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UG533 UT WOS:A1996UG53300005 ER PT J AU Heller, EJ AF Heller, EJ TI Semiconductor technology - Quantum chaos for real SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYDROGEN-ATOM; PERIODIC-ORBITS; EIGENFUNCTIONS; MECHANICS; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS C1 HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Heller, EJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,17 OXFORD ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 18 PY 1996 VL 380 IS 6575 BP 583 EP 584 DI 10.1038/380583a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UF741 UT WOS:A1996UF74100024 ER PT J AU Handley, CO AF Handley, CO TI New species of mammals from northern South America: Bats of the genera Histiotus Gervais and Lasiurus Gray (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID FRENCH AB Two strikingly differentiated species of northern South American Histiotus and Lasiurus have been long known, but until now have remained undescribed and unnamed. The new Histioacs (H. humboldti) is a relict species, most like H. montanus Philippi & Landbeck, but differing from it and all other Histiotus in small size (forearm <47 mm, maxillary toothrow length <5.7 mm), fragile skull, and weak dentition. Isolated populations occur at medium elevations (1500-2200 m) in the Coast Range, in the Merida Andes, and on Cerro Neblina in Venezuela, and in the Central and Western Andes and upper Cauca Valley in Colombia. The new Lasiurus (L. atratus) is a Guayanan endemic known from Venezuela, Suriname, and French Guiana. Medium size (forearm 44-47 mm, max. toothrow 1.4.4-5.0 mm) and black wings relate it to L. varius Poeppig of,Chile and L. castaneus Handley of Panama and Costa Rica; but very bright black and white underparts; small antorbital fossa; obsolete lachrymal process, supraorbital ridge, and basial pits; and well-developed mastoid process distinguish it from both. RP Handley, CO (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DIV MAMMALS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400001 ER PT J AU Knapp, LW AF Knapp, LW TI Review of the genus Cociella Whitley (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) with the description of three new species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The genus Cociella Whitley is diagnosed as having vomerine teeth in two discrete patches, teeth in jaws not depressible, diagonal scale rows slanting downward above lateral line more numerous than lateral-line scales, lateral-line scale pores with a single canal opening to the exterior, iris lappet a simple lobe, side of head bicarinate, suborbital ridge bearing one spine under middle eye and one spine under rear margin of eye (additional spines may or may not be present posterior to eye), and upper preopercular spine distinctly longer than lower spines, bearing a small accessory spine on base. Cociella punctata (Cuvier) is removed from the synonymy C. crocodilus (Tilesius) and the occurence of possible intergrades between C. punctata and C. crocodilus is discussed. Young C. punctata appear to utilize the mangroves as nursury grounds. Three new species tentatively assigned to Cociella are described, C. heemstrai from off the west coast of southern Africa, C. somaliensis from off Oman and Somalia and C. hurchinsi from the Arafura Sea. A key to the species of Cociella is provided that primarily uses differences in arrangement of spines on the suborbital ridge, fin ray counts, number of gill rakers, and scale counts to separate the species. RP Knapp, LW (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 17 EP 33 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400003 ER PT J AU Kensley, B AF Kensley, B TI Systematics and distribution of the genus Calocarides (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID THALASSINIDEA; JAPAN AB The nine currently recognized species of Calocarides are reviewed, and two new species are described: C. capensis from the south-east Atlantic Ocean off the Cape of Good Hope, and C. macphersoni from the Atlantic Ocean off Namibia. Species of the genus are particularly characterized by the possession of dentate median, submedian, and lateral carinae of the carapace, weakly pigmented or unpigmented eyes, and robust, quite heavily sclerotized, tuberculate and/or spinose first pereopods. RP Kensley, B (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400007 ER PT J AU Kensley, B AF Kensley, B TI A new species of the axiid shrimp genus Acanthaxius from the Caribbean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Acanthaxius kirkmilleri is described from slope depths (420-440 m) in the Caribbean Sea off Anguilla, and is the first unambiguous record of the genus in the Atlantic. The species is characterized by a slender rostrum longer than the eyestalks, highly spinose and relatively slender chelipeds of pereopod 1, and seven spines on the suture of the lateral uropodal ramus. RP Kensley, B (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400008 ER PT J AU Kensley, B Bursey, M AF Kensley, B Bursey, M TI Rediscovery of Cymodocella algoense from South Africa (Crustacea: Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The tiny sphaeromatid isopod Cymodocella algoense, which is characterized by a bulbous tubular posterior pleotelson, is rediscovered 120 years after having been described from a single specimen from Algoa Bay. The new material was collected from the delta of the Nahoon River on the east coast of South Africa. C1 E LONDON MUSEUM,SOUTHERNWOOD 5213,SOUTH AFRICA. RP Kensley, B (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400010 ER PT J AU GarciaGarza, ME RodriguezAlmaraz, GA Bowman, TE AF GarciaGarza, ME RodriguezAlmaraz, GA Bowman, TE TI Spelaeomysis villalobosi, a new species of mysidacean from northeastern Mexico (Crustacea: Mysidacea) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Spelaeomysis villalobosi, a new species of mysid is described from subterranean habitats in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. This is the third known species of Spelaeomysis from Mexico. Spelaeomysis villalobosi is similar to Spelaeomysis quinterensis (Villalobos-Figueroa, 1951) previously described from caves in Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi, but differs in the rounded shape of the anterolateral lobe of the eyestalk, in the 4 cusped incisor of the mandible, the presence of three spines on the dactylus of the maxilliped, and three claws on the dactylus of pereopod 1; the exopod of pleopod 4 is 2-segmented; the margin of the telson is convex. A key to the known species of Spelaeomysis is given. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GarciaGarza, ME (reprint author), UNIV AUTONOMA NUEVO LEON,FAC CIENCIAS BIOL,AP POSTAL 105-F,CD UNIV,SAN NICOLAS GARZA,NUEVO LEON,MEXICO. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400011 ER PT J AU Scanlin, M Reid, JW AF Scanlin, M Reid, JW TI A new copepod species from California, USA: Hesperodiaptomus californiensis (Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Hesperodiaptomus californiensis, new species (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae) was collected from vernal pools in Lassen County, northern California, U.S.A. It differs from its three most morphologically similar congeners, Hesperodiaptomus schefferi, Hesperodiaptomus victoriaensis and Hesperodiaptomus kiseri in having both leg 5 endopods of the male relatively long, the left lateral protrusion on the genital double somite of the female directed dorsally, and in other details. Go-occurring diaptomids were Hesperodiaptomus novemdecimus and Leptodiaptomus tyrrelli. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,MRC 163,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Scanlin, M (reprint author), COLL WILLIAM & MARY,COLL STN BOX 3505,WILLIAMSBURG,VA 23186, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400012 ER PT J AU Pettibone, MH AF Pettibone, MH TI Review of Hermilepidonotus Uschakov, 1974, and two species of polynoid polychaetes (Lepidonotinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review AB The genus Hemilepidonotus Uschakov, 1974, and type species Lepidonotus robustus Moore, 1905, are reviewed, and compared with the closely related Lepidonotus helotypus (Grube; 1877), based on examination of types and available new material. RP Pettibone, MH (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400016 ER PT J AU Bayer, FM AF Bayer, FM TI The Antarctic genus Callozostron and its relationship to Primnoella (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Specimens of the gorgonacean genus Callozostron obtained in Antarctic waters during operations conducted by the U.S. Antarctic Research Program reveal that Callozostron horridum Kukenthal, 1909, is a junior synonym of Callozostron mirabile Wright, 1885. Callozostron carlottae Kulienthal, 1909, is confirmed as a valid species, and two new species, Callozostron diglodiadema and Callozostron acanthodes are described. All species are illustrated by stereoscopic scanning electron micrographs (SEM). The genus Primnoella Gray, 1858, is restricted to the ''Compressae'' species group, and polyps and sclerites of Primnoella australasiae (Gray, 1850), type species of the genus, are illustrated by SEM for the first time. A new genus, Convexella, is established for the ''Convexae'' species group of Primnoella, acid polyps of Primnoella magelhaenica Studer, 1879, type species of Convexella, from a wide bathymetric and geographic range are illustrated by SEM to show morphological variation within the species. RP Bayer, FM (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 16 PY 1996 VL 109 IS 1 BP 150 EP 203 PG 54 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA UH914 UT WOS:A1996UH91400017 ER PT J AU Shahgholi, M Ross, MM Callahan, JH Smucker, RA AF Shahgholi, M Ross, MM Callahan, JH Smucker, RA TI Electrospray mass spectrometric detection of chitobiose in enzyme hydrolysates of marine phytoplankton SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; GRAPHITIZED CARBON COLUMN; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; IONIZATION; INTERFACE; SUGARS AB The presence of chitin in algae was determined by mass spectrometric detection of its enzymatic hydrolysis end product, chitobiose. Electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) was used for detection of chitobiose in the enzyme hydrolysate because of its capability to detect underivatized amino sugar oligomers. This strategy affords simplified sample preparation and reduced processing time. Despite the remarkable success in the analysis of purified sugars, ES mass spectrometric detection of sugars in complex matrices remains a challenging task and generally requires sample cleanup. This work demonstrates the use of ES-MS with both off-line and on-line sample cleanup for the detection of chitobiose generated by the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin. The porous graphitic carbon (PGC) packing material used in the on-line method has been used for chromatographic separation of sugars and is particularly suitable for this assay because ES-compatible solvents such as water and acetonitrile can be used for analyte elution. The effectiveness of microscale liquid chromatography ES-MS with PGC was demonstrated for a suite of sugars. C1 USN, RES LAB, DIV CHEM, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. SMITHSONIAN INST, SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR, EDGEWATER, MD 21037 USA. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.1021/ac951240d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA UE566 UT WOS:A1996UE56600009 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO Wells, JC AF Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO Wells, JC TI Ionization of hydrogen and hydrogenic ions by antiprotons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIMATTER-ATOM COLLISIONS; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; PROTON IMPACT; HELIUM; SINGLE AB Presented here is a description of the ionization of hydrogen and hydrogenic ions by antiproton impact, based on very large scale numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation in three spatial dimensions and on analysis of the topology of the electronic eigenenergy surfaces in the plane of complex internuclear distance. Comparison is made with other theories and very recent measurements. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016; OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030; Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1996 VL 76 IS 16 BP 2882 EP 2885 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.2882 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA UF379 UT WOS:A1996UF37900014 ER PT J AU Neufeld, MJ AF Neufeld, MJ TI Thread of the silkworm - Chang,I SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP Neufeld, MJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 12 PY 1996 VL 272 IS 5259 BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UE729 UT WOS:A1996UE72900025 ER PT J AU Greene, TP Lada, CJ AF Greene, TP Lada, CJ TI The unusually rich infrared emission-line spectrum of a deeply embedded low-luminosity young stellar object SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared, ISM, lines and bands; infrared, stars; stars, formation; stars, pre-main-sequence; techniques, spectroscopic ID T-TAURI STARS; CO EMISSION; LOW-MASS; WL-16; WINDS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISKS AB We have discovered a rich, near-infrared, emission-line spectrum from IRAS 04239+2436, a low-luminosity (L similar to 1.3 L(.)) deeply embedded (Class I) source in the Taurus dark clouds. This Class I young stellar object (YSO) shows emission lines of Na I, H-2, H I Pa beta, and nearly the entire H I Br series as well as prominent emission in the vibrational overtone bands of CO. This is the lowest luminosity YSO yet observed that exhibits CO overtone bands in emission and is the only source in a survey of approximately 100 low-luminosity YSOs that shows both strong CO and nearly the entire Br series of H I in emission. Unlike most other sources known to show this emission, the central star of this YSO is probably neither hot nor luminous enough to produce the observed CO emission via surface heating of an optically thick circumstellar disk. It is possible that the CO emission originates in a powerful stellar wind, but this cannot be confirmed with presently available data. The H-2, Na I, and H I emission lines are suggestive of a stellar wind, and we find that the Br gamma line luminosity is consistent with published wind model calculations. The observed Pa beta to Br gamma line ratio falls within the range observed for T Tauri stars and within the range of wind model predictions, but we cannot be certain whether these as well as the other atomic lines form in a wind or in some other component of circumstellar gas. Higher spectral resolution observations are required to determine the exact origins of the CO and atomic emission features of this fascinating object. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Greene, TP (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII, INST ASTRON, 2680 WOODLAWN DR, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1996 VL 461 IS 1 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1086/177061 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UD646 UT WOS:A1996UD64600028 ER PT J AU MacLeod, KG Huber, BT AF MacLeod, KG Huber, BT TI Reorganization of deep ocean circulation accompanying a Late Cretaceous extinction event SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HARBORED CHEMOSYNTHETIC SYMBIONTS; INOCERAMID BIVALVES; SEA; CLIMATES; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; WATER AB DEEP ocean circulation may be a significant factor in determining global climate(1-5). Increases in the flux of warm, saline waters from low to high latitudes would enhance the poleward transport of heat and, thus, help maintain the warm conditions at high latitudes typical of globally warm 'greenhouse' periods, But controversy exists(1,2) as to whether the ocean's thermohaline circulation can transport enough heat to bring about the temperature distributions of these times, such as the mid-Cretaceous and early Eocene, Here we present stable-isotope records of ocean temperature and salinity that indicate that bottom waters in Late Cretaceous oceans of the Southern Hemisphere became cooler and less saline at the same time (about 70 Myr ago) as widespread biotic changes(3,6-8). These findings support the idea that changes in deep ocean circulation can act as a climate switch. RP MacLeod, KG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,MRC NHB 121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017 OI MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837 NR 30 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 10 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 4 PY 1996 VL 380 IS 6573 BP 422 EP 425 DI 10.1038/380422a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UD590 UT WOS:A1996UD59000056 ER PT J AU Neff, H Glascock, MD Bishop, RL Blackman, MJ AF Neff, H Glascock, MD Bishop, RL Blackman, MJ TI An assessment of the acid-extraction approach to compositional characterization of archaeological ceramics SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article AB We criticize the acid-extraction approach to chemical characterization of ceramics previously advocated in this journal by Burton and Simon (1993). The instrumental technique used by Burton and Simon (inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy [ICP]) is a highly precise chemical characterization technique, but noise introduced by characterizing acid extracts from sherds nullifies the usefulness of the resulting elemental concentration data for archeological sourcing. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Neff, H (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,RES REACTOR CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY AMERICAN ANTIQUITY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE #12 ATTN: BRIGHID BRADY-DE LAMBERT, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD APR PY 1996 VL 61 IS 2 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.2307/282433 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA VC001 UT WOS:A1996VC00100016 ER PT J AU WHITE, JH AF WHITE, JH TI THE POWER OF LIVE STEAM + ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY STEAM LOCOMOTIVES ARE PULLING TRAINLOADS OF PASSENGERS INTO THE PAST SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Article RP WHITE, JH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD APR PY 1996 VL 47 IS 2 BP 124 EP 135 PG 12 WC History SC History GA UA586 UT WOS:A1996UA58600022 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Bookidis, N Snyder, LM AF Hansen, J Bookidis, N Snyder, LM TI Foods of ritual dining in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Corinth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. AMER SCH CLASS STUDIES,ATHENS,GREECE. SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHAEOLOGICAL INST PI NEW YORK PA 135 WILLIAM ST, NEW YORK, NY 10038-3805 SN 0002-9114 J9 AM J ARCHAEOL JI Am. J. Archaeol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 100 IS 2 BP 341 EP 342 PG 2 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA UJ462 UT WOS:A1996UJ46200007 ER PT J AU Dickison, WC Weitzman, AL AF Dickison, WC Weitzman, AL TI Comparative anatomy of the young stem, node, and leaf of Bonnetiaceae, including observations on a foliar endodermis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bonnetiaceae; endodermis, foliar; leaf anatomy; nodal anatomy; Theaceae; venation, leaf ID VENEZUELAN GUAYANA; FLORA AB A comprehensive study of the nodal and leaf anatomy of Bonnetiaceae was completed in order to provide evidence for evaluation in relation to systematics. Nodal anatomy is trilacunar, three-trace or unilacunar, one-trace. Basic leaf anatomical features of the family include: complete or incomplete medullated vascular cylinder in petiole; paracytic mature stomata with encircling ridges; large mucilaginous cells in the adaxial surface of mesophyll; periclinal divisions in upper surface layers; and discrete parches of phloem within the vascular bundles. Especially noteworthy is the presence in some genera of foliar vascular bundles enveloped by a sheath composed of two concentric regions, i.e., an inner region consisting of multiple layers of fibers and an outer specialized endodermis composed of thin-walled cells with Casparian strips. Leaves are variable with respect to lamina and cuticle thickness, relative amount and number of palisade and spongy layers, venation of lamina, and the presence or absence of sclereids and crystals in the mesophyll. A major feature in the evolution of Bonnetiaceae is development of a highly divergent, essentially parallel, leaf venation that is superficially similar to that of some monocotyledons and apparently unique among dicotyledons. Foliar anatomy provides important characters for the recognition of subgroups within Bonnetiaceae and is consistent with the segregation of Bonnetiaceae from Theaceae. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Dickison, WC (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CB 3280,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 1996 VL 83 IS 4 BP 405 EP 418 DI 10.2307/2446210 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UH186 UT WOS:A1996UH18600001 ER PT J AU LORNELL, K AF LORNELL, K TI THE SOUND OF THE DOVE - SINGING IN APPALACHIAN PRIMITIVE BAPTIST CHURCHES - PATTERSON,BB SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review RP LORNELL, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 SN 0003-1321 J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD APR PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC History SC History GA VB981 UT WOS:A1996VB98100022 ER PT J AU Abergel, A Bernard, JP Boulanger, F Burton, WB Desert, FX Hartmann, D AF Abergel, A Bernard, JP Boulanger, F Burton, WB Desert, FX Hartmann, D TI Tentative detection of a cosmic far-infrared background with COBE SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE cosmology, observations; diffuse radiation; galaxy, formation ID GALAXY AB We have searched for an extragalactic far infrared background in the whole sky survey of the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) Satellite, using data from the Far Infrared Absolute Spectrometer (FIRAS) instrument. We model and remove the interplanetary and interstellar dust components for all wavelengths above 140 microns and below a few millimetres. The new Leiden/Dwingeloo RI survey is used for the interstellar cirrus component. A component associated with the HII medium is also removed. It is found that the residues of the subtraction method have a significant positive value at all wavelengths. This emission is isotropic and clearly shows an excess in the submillimeter over the RI associated dust emission spectrum that cannot be explained by known or suspected solar or galactic components. We therefore suggest that it could be the cosmic far infrared background due to early galaxies that has long been predicted. Its rather large intensity can be represented by nu B-nu similar or equal to 3.4 x 10(-9)(lambda/400 mu m)(-3) W m(-2) sr(-1) in the 400-1000 mu m range and levelling off at shorter wavelengths. It implies that a large fraction of the radiation of early galaxies has been converted in the far IR. The spectrum seems to indicate the presence of sources at large redshifts (typically z approximate to 3-10). C1 STERREWACHT LEIDEN, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Abergel, A (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11, INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE, BAT 121, F-91405 ORSAY, FRANCE. NR 33 TC 258 Z9 259 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 1996 VL 308 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UD945 UT WOS:A1996UD94500002 ER PT J AU Schubnell, MS Akerlof, CW Biller, S Buckley, J CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Chantell, M Connaughton, V Fegan, DJ Fennell, S Gaidos, JA Hillas, AM Kerrick, AD Lamb, RC Meyer, DL Mohanty, G Rose, J Rovero, AC Sembroski, G Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J AF Schubnell, MS Akerlof, CW Biller, S Buckley, J CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Chantell, M Connaughton, V Fegan, DJ Fennell, S Gaidos, JA Hillas, AM Kerrick, AD Lamb, RC Meyer, DL Mohanty, G Rose, J Rovero, AC Sembroski, G Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J TI Very high energy gamma-ray emission from the blazar Markarian 421 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects, individual (Markarian 421); gamma rays, observations ID TEV ENERGIES; X-RAY; RADIATION; 3C-279; JET AB Very high energy gamma-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object Markarian 421 has been detected over three observing seasons on 59 nights between 1992 April and 1994 June with the Whipple 10 m imaging Cherenkov telescope. During its initial detection in 1992, its flux above 500 GeV was 1.6 x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1). Observations in 1993 confirmed this level of emission. For observations made between 1993 December and 1994 April, its intensity was a factor of 2.2 +/- 0.5 lower. Observations on 1994 May 14 and 15 showed an increase over this quiescent level by a factor of similar to 10 (see paper by Kerrick et al.). This strong outburst suggests that four episodes of increased flux measurements on similar timescales in 1992 and 1994 may be attributed to somewhat weaker outbursts. The variability of the TeV gamma-ray emission from Mrk 421 stands in contrast to EGRET observations (see paper by Lin et al.), which show no evidence for variability. C1 UNIV LEEDS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. ST PATRICKS COLL,MAYNOOTH,KILDARE,IRELAND. UNIV DUBLIN TRINITY COLL,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Schubnell, MS (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 51 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 460 IS 2 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.1086/176998 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UB530 UT WOS:A1996UB53000008 ER PT J AU Baliunas, SL NesmeRibes, E Sokoloff, D Soon, WH AF Baliunas, SL NesmeRibes, E Sokoloff, D Soon, WH TI A dynamo interpretation of stellar activity cycles SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; stars, activity; stars, magnetic fields; stars, rotation ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CA-II H; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; COOL STARS; K-EMISSION; ROTATION RATE; SOLAR; PERIODS; GENERATION; FLUX AB Twenty-five-year records of Ca II H and EC chromospheric emission fluxes measured in single lower main-sequence stars at Mount Wilson Observatory reveal surface magnetic activity cycles in one-third of the sample of roughly 100 stars. For those stars with cycles, we compare the ratio of the observed periods of the cycle of magnetic activity and axial rotation, P-cyc/P-rot, to predictions available from stellar dynamo theory. Theoretical considerations suggest that the ratio is the observational equivalent of the stellar dynamo number, D. The stellar sample is comprised of two groups separated by their mean level of activity, [R(HK)'], and rotation, P-rot: one group has high levels of average activity and fast rotation, while the other group has relatively low levels of activity and slower rotation. Both groups also occupy different regions on the diagram of X-ray flux versus stellar dynamo number. For the older group of stars (ages greater than or similar to 2 Gyr) which includes the current Sun, we find a statistically significant inverse relation between the intensity of the cycle, c = Delta R(HK)'/[R(HK)'], and the stellar dynamo number, empirically determined to be D similar to (P-cyc/P-rot)(1.35 + 0.65 - 0.35)). C1 TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, CTR EXCELLENCE INFORMAT SYST, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA. MT WILSON OBSERV, MT WILSON, CA 91023 USA. OBSERV PARIS, CNRS, URA 326, F-92195 MEUDON, FRANCE. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, MOSCOW 119899, RUSSIA. RP Baliunas, SL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 52 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 460 IS 2 BP 848 EP 854 DI 10.1086/177014 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UB530 UT WOS:A1996UB53000024 ER PT J AU Hix, WR Thielemann, FK AF Hix, WR Thielemann, FK TI Silicon burning .1. Neutronization and the physics of quasi-equilibrium SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions; nucleosynthesis; abundances ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; R-PROCESS; MASSIVE STARS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB As the ultimate stage of stellar nucleosynthesis, and the source of the iron peak nuclei, silicon burning is important to our understanding of the evolution of massive stars and supernovae. Our reexamination of silicon burning, using results gleaned from simulation work done with a large nuclear network (299 nuclei and more than 3000 reactions) and from independent calculations of equilibrium abundance distributions, offers new insights into the quasi-equilibrium mechanism and the approach to nuclear statistical equilibrium. We find that the degree to which the matter has been neutronized is of great importance, not only to the final products but also to the rate of energy generation and the membership of the quasi-equilibrium groups. A small increase in the global neutronization results in much larger free-neutron fluences, increasing the abundances of more neutron-rich nuclei. As a result, incomplete silicon burning results in neutron richness among the isotopes of the iron peak much larger than the global neutronization would indicate. Finally, we briefly discuss the limitations and pitfalls of models for silicon burning currently employed within hydrodynamic models. In a forthcoming paper we will present a new approximation to the full nuclear network which preserves the most important features of the large nuclear network calculations at a significant improvement in computational speed. Such improved methods are ideally suited for hydrodynamic calculations which involve the production of iron peak nuclei, where the larger network calculation proves unmanageable. C1 UNIV BASEL,INST THEORET PHYS,CH-4056 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. RP Hix, WR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 31 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 460 IS 2 BP 869 EP 894 DI 10.1086/177016 PN 1 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UB530 UT WOS:A1996UB53000026 ER PT J AU Soderblom, DR Henry, TJ Shetrone, MD Jones, BF Saar, SH AF Soderblom, DR Henry, TJ Shetrone, MD Jones, BF Saar, SH TI The age-related properties of the HD 98800 system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars, abundances; stars, evolution; stars, individual (HD 98800) ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; URSA-MAJOR GROUP; T-TAURI STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; NEIGHBORHOOD; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; HD-98800 AB We present optical spectroscopy of the field K star system HD 98800, which has been found to have significant infrared emission from circumstellar material. The lithium abundances of the stars in HD 98800 are well above those of Pleiades of similar color, but activity levels and rotation in these stars are at or below Pleiades level. Thus, it is not yet possible to say whether HD 98800 is or is not a pre-main-sequence system, and it is possible that its components are on or near the zero-age main sequence. However, the two visible objects that make up HD 98800 both have high levels of lithium and activity, strongly suggesting that they are physically related to one another, As shown by Torres and coworkers, having these stars physically tied implies that their relative orbit is highly eccentric and highly inclined to our line of sight, and it also means that we are viewing the HD 98800 system at an unusual time in its orbit. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, UNIV CALIF OBSERV, LICK OBSERV, BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC, CERRO TOLOLO INTER AMER OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ USA. ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC, NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV, NATL SOLAR OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ USA. RP Soderblom, DR (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, 3700 SAN MARTIN DR, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 460 IS 2 BP 984 EP 992 DI 10.1086/177026 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UB530 UT WOS:A1996UB53000036 ER PT J AU Poulin, B Lefebvre, G AF Poulin, B Lefebvre, G TI Dietary relationships of migrant and resident birds from a humid forest in central Panama SO AUK LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE AB This study reports on food selection by Nearctic migrants, especially thrushes (Catharus), wood-warblers (Oporornis, Seiurus, Wilsonia), and tyrant flycatchers (Empidonax) in a humid forest of central Panama. We attempt to determine how these migrants integrate into the resident bird community based on local food abundance and diet comparison between resident and migrant species. At our study site, migrants are most numerous during migration periods, especially in October when abundance of arthropods is low and fruits are plentiful. Migrants feed equally on fruits during both migrations, but overall depend more on an invertebrate diet. Actually, migrants feed extensively on a few invertebrate taxa that are mostly of two types: (1) small hard-bodied foliage-dwelling insects such as beetles and ants, which are of low nutritional value; and (2) invertebrates well known for producing distasteful or toxic chemicals, such as nonflying termites, millipedes, and centipedes. In contrast, the resident species feed more extensively on invertebrates of higher nutritional value (spiders, insect pupae, alate ants) and on large prey that are plentiful at tropical latitudes (orthopterans, lizards). Dietary relationships among species show that diet of migrants overlap little with that of resident species, even those with which they share a similar foraging substrate. However, unlike residents, migrants belonging to the same foraging guild have a highly similar diet. These results suggest that past competitive interactions between migrants and residents were more important than the ones among migratory species in determining food selection by migrants. Whether the resulting high potential for competition among migrants is related to the short stay of most species at our study site or is a characteristic of several migrant populations at tropical latitudes needs further investigation. RP Poulin, B (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,ANCON,PANAMA. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1996 VL 113 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA UG666 UT WOS:A1996UG66600001 ER PT J AU Eickwort, GC Eickwort, JM Gordon, J Eickwort, MA AF Eickwort, GC Eickwort, JM Gordon, J Eickwort, MA TI Solitary behavior in a high altitude population of the social sweat bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Halictus rubicundus; high-altitude population; solitary behavior; Leucophora; holarctic distribution ID EVOLUTION; PHENOLOGY; BIOLOGY; DIPTERA; FAUNA AB In the subalpine region of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, United States, Halictus rubicundus has a solitary life cycle, but it is social in other parts of its known range. The brood is protandrous, with a nearly equal investment in the sexes. Productivity averages 6.5 offspring per foundress female, similar to the second brood of social nests in New York, but less than the combined productivity of both New York broods. Leucophora sp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is the principal cause of brood mortality in Colorado. Foundress females in about half the nests survive until brood emerge as adults. Retention of these foundresses decreases offspring mortality by 68%. Comparable abilities to express solitary behavior with a single brood may characterize other eusocial halictine lineages that have successfully invaded high altitudes in the Rocky Mountains. The apparent inability to do this may help explain the absence of other eusocial halictine bees and polistine wasps at high altitudes, despite their success at lower elevations in the same mountains. Presence or absence of this ability may help explain latitudinal distributions of these lineages in North America. Holarctic distributions of lineages with eusocial behavior can be explained by migration as solitary populations from Eurasia to North America across Pleistocene Bering land bridges, with re-expression of double-brooded, eusocial behavior when the species then extended their ranges southward in North America. C1 ROCKY MT BIOL LABS,CRESTED BUTTE,CO 81224. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Eickwort, GC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 37 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 38 IS 4 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s002650050236 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA UJ104 UT WOS:A1996UJ10400002 ER PT J AU Wcislo, WT AF Wcislo, WT TI Solitary behavior in social bees - Commentary SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 38 IS 4 BP 235 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s002650050237 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA UJ104 UT WOS:A1996UJ10400003 ER PT J AU Dudley, R Adler, GH AF Dudley, R Adler, GH TI Biogeography of milkweed butterflies (Nymphalidae: Danainae) and mimetic patterns on tropical Pacific archipelagos SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE archipelagos; butterflies; danaines; mimicry; Pacific Ocean ID BIRDS AB Distributions of danaine butterfly species and associated mimetic patterns were compared among fifteen archipelagos of the tropical Pacific Ocean, and within five major archipelagos (the Bismarcks, Fiji, East and West Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu). Using both simple and stepwise linear regression analysis, variation in the total number of danaine species and number of mimetic patterns was assessed with respect to island size, isolation and elevation. Relative to interarchipelago distributions, the distribution of danaine species and number of mimetic patterns on islands within archipelagos exhibited less dependence upon interisland distance and island area. Geographical features influencing the number of mimetic patterns were similar to those of danaines as a whole. Analysis of residuals from stepwise linear repression suggested that factors influencing danaine distributions were different from those for nondanaine butterflies. This result is consistent with the hypothesis of enhancement of danaine species establishment through Mullerian mimicry, although other factors such as host plant availability and similar habitat use may also be important. (C) 1996 The Linnean Society of London C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOL & MICROBIOL,OSHKOSH,WI 54901. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP Dudley, R (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD APR PY 1996 VL 57 IS 4 BP 317 EP 326 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA UK308 UT WOS:A1996UK30800003 ER PT J AU Pruski, JF AF Pruski, JF TI Compositae of the Guayana Highland .12. Siapaea liesneri (Eupatorieae), a new genus and species from Amazonas, Venezuela SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Compositae; Asteraceae; Eupatorieae; Venezuela; Guayana; Siapaea AB Siapaea liesneri is a new genus and species of Compositae tribe Eupatorieae. Features most important for recognition as a new genus are the glabrous, convex to conical receptacle; the appressed-pubescent, weakly expanded style base; and the pappus reduced to an annular callus or, less commonly, with one bristle. The genus is provisionally placed in Ayapaninae. RP Pruski, JF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,US NAT HERBARIUM,DEPT BOT,MRC 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD APR-JUN PY 1996 VL 48 IS 2 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.2307/2807812 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UT923 UT WOS:A1996UT92300003 ER PT J AU Dorr, LJ AF Dorr, LJ TI Ayenia saligna (Sterculiaceae), a new species from Colombia SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Sterculiaceae; Ayenia; Colombia AB Ayenia saligna from Colombia is described and illustrated. It is remarkable for having foliar nectaries, which now are known to occur in seven of the 75-80 species in the genus. The petals of Ayenia are structurally complex and the inconsistent use of terminology to describe their parts is noted. In addition, the relationship of A. saligna to other species of Ayenia is discussed. RP Dorr, LJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,NHB-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD APR-JUN PY 1996 VL 48 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.2307/2807817 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UT923 UT WOS:A1996UT92300007 ER PT J AU Snyder, NFR Derrickson, SR Beissinger, SR Wiley, JW Smith, TB Toone, WD Miller, B AF Snyder, NFR Derrickson, SR Beissinger, SR Wiley, JW Smith, TB Toone, WD Miller, B TI Limitations of captive breeding in endangered species recovery SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCKATIELS NYMPHICUS-HOLLANDICUS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COHO SALMON; CONSERVATION; REINTRODUCTION; BIOLOGY; DOMESTICATION; TRANSLOCATION AB The use of captive breeding in species recovery has grown enormously in recent years, but without a concurrent growth in appreciation of its limitations. Problems with (1) establishing self-sufficient captive populations, (2) poor success in reintroductions, (3) high costs, (4) domestication, (5) preemption of other recovery techniques, (6) disease outbreaks, and (7) maintaining administrative continuity have all been significant. The technique has often been invoked prematurely and should not normally be employed before a careful field evaluation of costs and benefits of all conservation alternatives has been accomplished and a determination made that captive breeding is essential for species survival. Merely demonstrating that a species' population is declining or has fallen below what may be a minimum viable size does not constitute enough analysis to justify captive breeding as a recovery measure. Captive breeding should be viewed as a last resort in species recovery and not a prophylactic or long-term solution because of the inexorable genetic and phenotypic changes that occur in captive environments. Captive breeding can play a crucial role in recovery of some species for which effective alternatives are unavailable in the short term. However, it should not displace habitat and ecosystem protection nor should it be invoked in the absence of comprehensive efforts to maintain or restore populations in wild habitats. Zoological institutions with captive breeding programs should operate under carefully defined conditions of disease prevention and genetic/behavioral management. More important, these institutions should help preserve biodiversity through their capacities for public education, professional training, research, and support of in situ conservation efforts. C1 NATL ZOOL PK, CONSERVAT & RES CTR, FRONT ROYAL, VA 22630 USA. YALE UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 USA. GRAMBLING STATE UNIV, GRAMBLING COOPERAT WILDLIFE PROJECT, GRAMBLING, LA 71245 USA. SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94132 USA. SAN DIEGO WILD ANIM PK, ESCONDIDO, CA 92027 USA. FDN ECOL CUIXMALA, SAN PATRICIO 48980, JALISCO, MEXICO. RP Snyder, NFR (reprint author), WILDLIFE PRESERVAT TRUST INT, POB 426, PORTAL, AZ 85632 USA. RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 NR 98 TC 293 Z9 310 U1 47 U2 357 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 2 BP 338 EP 348 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020338.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UK801 UT WOS:A1996UK80100014 ER PT J AU Winker, K AF Winker, K TI Specimen shrinkage versus evolution: I'iwi morphology SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NZF,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP Winker, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV BIRDS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 2 BP 657 EP 658 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020657.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UK801 UT WOS:A1996UK80100047 ER PT J AU Robertson, DR AF Robertson, DR TI Holacanthus limbaughi, and Stegastes baldwini, endemic fishes of Clipperton island, tropical eastern Pacific SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article RP Robertson, DR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD APR PY 1996 VL 15 IS 2 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UK416 UT WOS:A1996UK41600008 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA Kessing, BD Wellington, GM Graybeal, A AF Lessios, HA Kessing, BD Wellington, GM Graybeal, A TI Indo-Pacific echinoids in the tropical eastern Pacific SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article ID 1982-83 EL-NINO; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FAUNAL AFFINITIES; COCOS ISLAND; CORAL-REEFS; COSTA-RICA; DISPERSAL; OCEAN; POPULATIONS; BARRIER AB The existing literature reports that only one species of Indo-Pacific echinoid (Echinometra oblonga), occurs in the eastern Pacific. In this study we confirm the presence of this species at Islas Revillagigedo and also report the presence of two species of Echinothrix (a genus hitherto unknown outside the Indo-Pacific) at Isla del Coco and at Clipperton Island. We also present evidence from isozymes and from mitochondrial DNA sequences indicating that at least one individual of Diadema at Clipperton may belong to a maternal lineage characteristic of the west Pacific species D. savignyi. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed populations of Indo-Pacific echinoid species are recent arrivals to the eastern Pacific, as opposed to the view that they are relicts of Tethyan pan-tropical distributions. Echinothrix diadema, in particular, may have arrived at Isla del Coco during the 1982-1983 El Nino. In addition to Indo-Pacific species, Clipperton, Isla del Coco and the Revillagigedos contain a complement of eastern Pacific echinoids. The echinoid faunas of these islands should, therefore, be regarded as mixtures of two biogeographic provinces. Though none of the Indo-Pacific species are known to have reached the coast of the American mainland, their presence at the offshore islands of the eastern Pacific suggests that, for some echinoids, the East Pacific Barrier is not as formidable an obstacle to migration as was previously thought. C1 UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77204. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 68 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD APR PY 1996 VL 15 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UK416 UT WOS:A1996UK41600009 ER PT J AU DePriest, PT AF DePriest, PT TI Arsene and les Freres des Ecoles Chretiennes collections at the US National Herbarium pertinent to Bouly deLesdain's Lichens du Mexique SO CRYPTOGAMIE BRYOLOGIE LICHENOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB At least 104 isotypes and isosyntypes of Mexican lichens described by Bouly de Lesdain in Lichens du Mexique are accessioned in the US National Herbarium. These specimens, most obtained in 1918 as a gift from Arsene G. J. Brouard (Frere G. Arsene), are duplicates of type materials destroyed in 1940 with Bouly de Lesdain's private herbarium. Since few of these original materials are extant in other collections, the US National Herbarium's set of isotypes and isosyntypes provides potential lectotypes and neotypes for many names published in Lichens du Mexique. RP DePriest, PT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,NHB-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI DePriest, Paula/K-6633-2015 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0181-1576 J9 CRYPTOGAMIE BRYOL L JI Cryptogam. Bryol. Lichenol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 17 IS 2 BP 87 EP 102 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UR550 UT WOS:A1996UR55000001 ER PT J AU Robertson, DR AF Robertson, DR TI Interspecific competition controls abundance and habitat use of territorial Caribbean damselfishes SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; coral reef fish; damselfish; interspecific competition; population limitation; recruitment; territoriality ID CORAL-REEF FISH; DASCYLLUS-ALBISELLA GILL; SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY; ONE TREE REEF; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; JUVENILE MORTALITY; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; PATCH-REEFS; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION AB The prevailing notion that interspecific competition has little impact on the abundances of tropica!reef fishes has been tested by few experiments, all of which examined its effects on recruitment and juvenile demography rather than on adult abundances. This study, in Caribbean Panama, examined whether a common territorial damselfish, Stegastes planifrons, limits the abundances of adults of four ecologically similar congeners in S. planifrons' primary habitat: S. partitus and S. variabilis, which commonly occur in that habitat, and S. diencaeus and S. leucostictus, which rarely do. When S. planifrons was nearly eliminated from 16 natural patch reefs for 4-6 yr, adult populations of S. partitus, which is less aggressive and half the size of S. planifrons, doubled and expanded their range into a microhabitat previously used almost exclusively by adults of S. planifrons. Population increases by S. partitus occurred within 1 yr of the removal of S. planifrons, were persistent, but only reached their maximum approximate to 4 yr (and about four generations) after the initial removal. Adult populations of S. variabilis, which is less aggressive and 20% smaller than S. planifrons, also doubled following the removal of S. planifrons. Combined populations of S. partitus plus S. variabilis increased most on reefs where S. planifrons previously had been most dense. However, increases by those two species reached only approximate to 70% of the population density and approximate to 40% of the biomass density that S. planifrons had before the removals. Removal of S. planifrons had no effect on the abundances of S. diencaeus and S. leucostictus. Removal of S. partitus from eight reefs for 3 yr did not affect the abundances of S. planifrons or S. variabilis. Eleven years monitoring of adult populations and juvenile recruitment by S. partitus before and during the experiment show that its population increase after the removal of S. planifrons occurred while its overall abundance was gradually increasing, but was not associated with a period of unusually high juvenile recruitment. Thus asymmetric competition among closely related, ecologically similar, territorial coral reef fishes does sometimes control both abundances and microhabitat use in shared habitat. Interspecific territoriality and differences in body size and aggressiveness that lead to asymmetric competitive ability occur commonly among reef fishes in various trophic groups. Interspecific interactions within such groups of species often affect their patterns of habitat use. Hence the role that interspecific competition plays in limiting abundances of coral reef fishes requires reevaluation. RP SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, UNIT 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. NR 90 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1996 VL 77 IS 3 BP 885 EP 899 DI 10.2307/2265509 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UC985 UT WOS:A1996UC98500023 ER PT J AU Stine, JK AF Stine, JK TI Environmental inequalities: Class, race, and industrial pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 - Hurley,A SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Stine, JK (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD APR PY 1996 VL 1 IS 2 BP 101 EP 102 DI 10.2307/3985116 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA WE837 UT WOS:A1996WE83700008 ER PT J AU Roubik, DW Weigt, LA Bonilla, MA AF Roubik, DW Weigt, LA Bonilla, MA TI Population genetics, diploid males, and limits to social evolution of euglossine bees SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE diploid males; euglossine bees; population genetics; social evolution ID HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; HALICTIDAE; HETEROZYGOSITY; EUSOCIALITY; BEHAVIOR; PANAMA RP Roubik, DW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD APR PY 1996 VL 50 IS 2 BP 931 EP 935 DI 10.2307/2410866 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA UJ156 UT WOS:A1996UJ15600043 ER PT J AU Kolman, CJ Sambuughin, N Bermingham, E AF Kolman, CJ Sambuughin, N Bermingham, E TI Mitochondrial DNA analysis of mongolian populations and implications for the origin of New World founders SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCES; REGION; POLYMORPHISM; MIGRATIONS; AFFINITIES; AMERICA; GENOME AB High levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity were determined for Mongolian populations, represented by the Mongol-speaking Khalkha and Dariganga. Although 103 samples were collected across Mongolia, low levels of genetic substructuring were detected, reflecting the nomadic lifestyle and relatively recent ethnic differentiation of Mongolian populations, mtDNA control region I sequence and seven additional mtDNA polymorphisms were assayed to allo iv extensive comparison with previous human population studies. Based on a comparative analysis, we propose that indigenous populations in east Central Asia represent the closest genetic link between Old and New World populations. Utilizing restriction/deletion polymorphisms, Mongolian populations were found to carry all four New World founding haplogroups as defined by WALLACE and coworkers. The ubiquitous presence of the four New World haplogroups in the Americas but narrow distribution across Asia weakens support for GREENBERG and coworkers' theory of New World colonization via three independent migrations. The statistical and geographic scarcity of New World haplogroups in Asia makes it improbable that the same four haplotypes would be drawn from one geographic region three independent times. Instead, it is likely that founder effects manifest throughout Asia and the Americas are responsible for differences in mtDNA haplotype frequencies observed in these regions. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. MONGOLIA MED UNIV, NATL CTR ANTROPOL, ULAANBAATAR, MONGOL PEO REP. NR 46 TC 244 Z9 262 U1 2 U2 11 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 1996 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1334 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UD844 UT WOS:A1996UD84400022 PM 8846908 ER PT J AU Donovan, SK AF Donovan, SK TI Testing the marine and continental fossil records: Comment SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI Donovan, Stephen/O-1285-2015 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 1996 VL 24 IS 4 BP 381 EP 381 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0381:TTMACF>2.3.CO;2 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA UE646 UT WOS:A1996UE64600024 ER PT J AU Day, FP Weber, EP Hinkle, CR Drake, BG AF Day, FP Weber, EP Hinkle, CR Drake, BG TI Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root length and distribution in an oak-palmetto scrub ecosystem in central Florida SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated carbon dioxide; fine roots; minirhizotrons; oak-palmetto scrub; open-top chambers ID CLIMATE CHANGE; RESPONSES; CARBON; HETEROGENEITY; MICROSITES; GROWTH AB Atmospheric CO2 concentration is rising and it has been suggested that a portion of the additional carbon is being sequestered in terrestrial vegetation and much of that in below-ground structures. The objective of the present study was to quantify the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root length and distribution with depth with minirhizotrons in an open-top chamber experiment in an oak-palmetto scrub ecosystem at Kennedy Space Centre, Florida, USA. Observations were made five times over a period of one and a half years in three ambient chambers (350 p.p.m. CO2), three CO2 enriched chambers (700 p.p.m. CO2), and three unchambered plots. Greater root length densities were produced in the elevated CO2 chambers (14.2 mm cm(-2)) compared to the ambient chambers (8.7 mm cm(-2)). More roots may presumably lead to more efficient acquisition of resources. Fine root abundance varied significantly with soil depth, and there appeared to be enhanced proliferation of fine roots near the surface (0-12 cm) and at greater depth (49-61 cm) in the elevated CO2 chambers. The vertical root distribution pattern may be a response to availability of nutrients and water. More studies are needed to determine if increased root length under CO2 enriched conditions actually results in greater sequestering of carbon below ground. C1 DYNAMAC CORP,KENNEDY SPACE CTR,FL 32899. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP Day, FP (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NORFOLK,VA 23529, USA. NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 2 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00059.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UP504 UT WOS:A1996UP50400008 ER PT J AU Winker, K Braun, MJ Graves, GR AF Winker, K Braun, MJ Graves, GR TI Voucher specimens and quality control in avian molecular studies SO IBIS LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DIV BIRDS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Winker, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,LAB MOLEC SYSTEMAT,MSC MRC 534,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI TRING PA C/O NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SUB-DEPT ORNITHOLOGY, TRING, HERTS, ENGLAND HP23 6AP SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 1996 VL 138 IS 2 BP 345 EP 346 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04351.x PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA UF321 UT WOS:A1996UF32100030 ER PT J AU Pasca, M Lorenzini, EC AF Pasca, M Lorenzini, EC TI Optimization of a low altitude tethered probe for Martian atmospheric dust collection SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB A tethered satellite system is proposed for the collection of a dust sample from the Martian atmosphere. In a previous paper, under the assumption of a circular orbit, a system had been designed by trading off the lowest reachable altitude versus the propellant consumption necessary to maintain a constant altitude orbit. Because of the dust density and distribution during a Martian storm, significant improvements in the mission scenario an achieved in the present paper by considering an elliptic orbit with dramatic reduction of propellant consumption with respect to our previous results. The system design is optimized in terms of tether diameter and orbital parameters with a simplex optimization algorithm that considers the propellant consumption as the cost function and the maximum in-plane libration and the tether tensile safety factor as constraints. The simulations of the system dynamics include an active feedback tether control for stabilizing the tether libration, which, for an elliptic orbit with low periapsis, can be significant. The analysis shows the potential of a tethered system for collecting a dust sample from the Martian atmosphere. RP Pasca, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 80,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Pasca, Monica/F-8249-2010 OI Pasca, Monica/0000-0003-4072-4495 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 2 BP 191 EP 205 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA VP494 UT WOS:A1996VP49400004 ER PT J AU Grodnitsky, DL Dudley, R AF Grodnitsky, DL Dudley, R TI Vortex visualization during free flight of heliconiine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INSECT FLIGHT; TETHERED FLIGHT; WAKE AB An experimental procedure was developed to visualize the vortex wake of free-flying insects. Neotropical Heliconius erato butterflies were filmed hovering inside a transparent plexiglas cube. A dispersed cloud of Sephadex particles was used as the visualization medium. The flow field around the flying insect was illuminated with a planar laser beam, thereby generating a cross-sectional perspective of the three-dimensional vortex wake. Thirty-seven flight sequences from five individuals were filmed for analysis. A variety of vortex structures was observed, although the most likely form of the wake in slow forward flight is a series of distinct vortex rings. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP Grodnitsky, DL (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SIBERIAN BRANCH,VN SUKACHEV INST FOREST,KRASNOYARSK 660036,RUSSIA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1996 VL 69 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA VE557 UT WOS:A1996VE55700010 ER PT J AU MCCORMICKGOODHART, MH AF MCCORMICKGOODHART, MH TI THE ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY RANGE FOR THE SAFE USE AND STORAGE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARCHIVISTS LA English DT Article RP MCCORMICKGOODHART, MH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RI ding, johnny ding/C-6885-2015 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0037-9816 J9 J SOC ARCHIVISTS JI J. Soc. Arch. PD APR PY 1996 VL 17 IS 1 BP 7 EP 21 PG 15 WC History SC History GA UK710 UT WOS:A1996UK71000001 ER PT J AU Hakim, S McShea, WJ Mason, JR AF Hakim, S McShea, WJ Mason, JR TI The attractiveness of a liquid bait to white-tailed deer in the central Appalachian Mountains, Virginia, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE attractant; bait; white-tailed deer; flavor; olfaction; Odocoileus virginianus; taste ID WILDLIFE AB We determined the attractiveness of a bait composed of apple juice, apple odor, water, glycerin, and salt to captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at the National Zoological Park Conservation and Research Center, Front Royal, Virginia, USA. Thirty-nine deer (three adult males, 20 adult females, eight male fawns, eight female fawns) were presented with die bait formulation in a 22-ha enclosure during January, February, and May 1994. Daily consumption, and the frequency of visits to bait dispensers and the frequency of drinking bouts were recorded. Overall consumption was greatest in May (P < 0.001). While adults and fawns visited bait dispensers equally often, fawns drank more frequently (P < 0.001). C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Hakim, S (reprint author), NATL ZOOL PK CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1996 VL 32 IS 2 BP 395 EP 398 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UF941 UT WOS:A1996UF94100036 PM 8722288 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI John Smibert: Colonial America's first portrait painter - Saunders,RH SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIBS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 6 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA UB440 UT WOS:A1996UB44000044 ER PT J AU Riley, SM AF Riley, SM TI Sacred dust - Hill,D SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, SM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 6 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA UB440 UT WOS:A1996UB44000179 ER PT J AU GLASER, JR AF GLASER, JR TI THE HANDBOOK FOR MUSEUMS - EDSON,G, DEAN,D SO MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review RP GLASER, JR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 1350-0775 J9 MUSEUM INT JI Mus. Int. PD APR-JUN PY 1996 VL 48 IS 2 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Art SC Art GA UB340 UT WOS:A1996UB34000014 ER PT J AU Marinescu, M Gavrila, M AF Marinescu, M Gavrila, M TI First iteration within the high-frequency Floquet theory of laser-atom interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; EXCITED-STATES; HYDROGEN-ATOM; INTENSE; FIELDS; STABILIZATION; SUPERINTENSE; POLARIZATION AB The high-frequency Floquet theory (HFFT) of laser-atom interactions solves the space-translated version of the Schrodinger equation by an iterative procedure, leading to corrections of increasing order in the inverse photon energy. The lowest-order approximation (high-frequency limit) has been often evaluated before, but its accuracy at finite frequencies has not been established. To explore this issue we have computed the corrections yielded by the first-order iteration to the energy levels, and the ionization rates of a one-dimensional atomic model with a Gauss attractive potential. We have then compared, at frequencies above the field-free ionization potential \W-0\, the HFFT results with those of a full Floquet calculation. We show that the agreement is substantially improved by the inclusion of the HFFT corrective terms. The agreement is good at all intensities for photon energies larger than several times \W-0\. Even when the photon energy is marginally larger than \W-0\ the discrepancies vanish at sufficiently high intensities. C1 FOM,INST ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,1098 SJ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP Marinescu, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 38 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1996 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2513 EP 2521 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.2513 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA UE921 UT WOS:A1996UE92100080 ER PT J AU Morgenstern, T King, RM Jakupovic, J AF Morgenstern, T King, RM Jakupovic, J TI Sesquiterpene lactones from two Bejaranoa species SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bejaranoa balansae; B-semistriata; Compositae; sesquiterpene lactones; furanoheliangolides; pyranoheliangolides ID OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; HELIANGOLIDES AB The investigation of two Bejaranoa species from South America yielded, in addition to known sesquiterpene lactones and some other widespread metabolites, six new furanoheliangolides and a new pyranoheliangolide. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Morgenstern, T (reprint author), TECH UNIV BERLIN,INST ORGAN CHEM,STR 17 JUNI 135,D-10623 BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1996 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1546 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00806-3 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UD566 UT WOS:A1996UD56600020 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Winter, K AF Lovelock, CE Winter, K TI Oxygen-dependent electron transport and protection from photoinhibition in leaves of tropical tree species SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE electron transport (oxygen dependent); photoinhibition; tropical tree species ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTO-RESPIRATION; REDOX STATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CO2; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; FLOW; O2 AB The roles of photorespiration and the Mehler-peroxidase pathway in sustaining electron transport and protection from photoinhibition were studied in outer canopy leaves of two species of tropical trees: the drought-deciduous Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dug. and the evergreen Ficus insipida Willd. Ficus had a higher photosynthetic capacity than Pseudobombax and also a greater capacity for light-dependent electron transport under photorespiratory conditions (in the absence of CO2). As a consequence, in the absence of CO2, Ficus was able to maintain a largely oxidized electron-transport chain at higher photon flux densities than Pseudobombax. Under the same light conditions, photoinhibition (reduction in F-v/F-m) was always greater in Pseudobombax than Ficus, was increased when leaves were exposed to 2% O-2 in nitrogen compared to 21% O-2 in CO2-free air, but was not increased by the absence of CO2. Rates of electron transport due to the Mehler-peroxidase pathway (assessed in 2% O-2 in nitrogen) ranged between 16-40 mu mol . m(-2). s(-1) in both species. As the dry season approached and Pseudobombax neared leaf senescence there was a decline in the capacity for photorespiratory flux to maintain electron transport in Pseudobombax, but not in Ficus. Ratios of light-dependent electron transport to net CO2 fixation for Pseudobombax, Ficus and two other species in the field, Luehea seemannii Tr. & Planch. and Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Dec. & Planch., ranged from 6.2 (Ficus) to 16.7 (Pseudobombax). High in-situ rates of photorespiration combined with the decreased capacity of Pseudobombax for photorespiratory flux as the dry season approached indicates a decreased capacity to protect against photooxidative damage. This may contribute to the promotion of leaf senescence in Pseudobombax during the transition from wet to dry season. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855 NR 36 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 1996 VL 198 IS 4 BP 580 EP 587 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UB451 UT WOS:A1996UB45100012 PM 28321669 ER PT J AU Davis, DR AF Davis, DR TI Neotropical tineidae, .6. Prosetomorpha falcata, a new genus and species of setomorphinae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) from Colombia associated with curculionid galleries in stems of Solanum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE tineidae; setomorphinae; Prosetomorpha; immatures; scavenger; host record; Solanum; curculionidae; Faustinus; neotropical AB Adult and immature stages of Prosetomorpha falcata, a new genus and species of tineid moth from Colombia, are described and illustrated. Prosetomorpha is remarkable in being the most plesiomorphic setomorphine tineid discovered, as evidenced by the five-segmented maxillary palpi, moderately well developed haustellum, mandibles vestigial but distinct, female with signum present, and larva with six pairs of stemmata. Synapomorphies shared with other Setomorphinae include similar semi-appressed head vestiture, annulate but completely fused, eighth abdominal tergosternum in the male, membranous eighth abdominal segment without rami in the female, and larvae with unidentate mandibles. The larva is believed to be primarily a scavenger within the burrows of a curculionid weevil, Faustinus apicalis (Faust), that bores in the stems of Solanum quitoensis var. quitoensis Lamarck and S. quitoensis var. septentrionale R. E. Schultes. A braconid parasitoid, Promicrogaster sp., has been reared from burrows occupied by Prosetomorpha. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT ENTOMOL,MRC 127,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1996 VL 98 IS 2 BP 173 EP 187 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UJ650 UT WOS:A1996UJ65000001 ER PT J AU Krombein, KV Norden, BB AF Krombein, KV Norden, BB TI Behavior of nesting Episyron conterminus posterus (Fox) and its cleptoparasite Ephuta s slossonae (Fox) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae, Mutillidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Episyron; Ephuta; spider wasp; mutillid; cleptoparasite; empty burrows; Pompilidae; Mutillidae AB Behavior of the nesting spider wasp, Episyron conterminus posterus (Fox) and its cleptoparasite, Ephuta s. slossonae (Fox) were studied near Lake Annie in the sand pine scrub of Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida. Nest burrows of E. c. posterus, 5.0-8.5 cm in length, were usually dug at a 45 degrees angle into sandy, unvegetated soil. Excavation of several empty burrows prior to provisioning a nest was commonly observed. Each nest was provisioned with a single araneid spider, Eustala anastera (Walckenaer). Prey capture occurred prior to nest digging, and the paralyzed spider was cached on low vegetation near the nesting site. Spiders were dragged by their legs into the nest. Closure and concealment of the burrow quickly followed nest provisioning. Behavior of receptive Ephuta and their attracted males is described. Details of female searching behavior, inspection of empty Episyron burrows, and entry into a closed, provisioned nest are provided. We report here for the first time, a mutillid probably feeding upon the host egg on the spider prey, and ovipositing within the body of its host's prey. A review of the known or suspected hosts of Ephuta suggests that the latter are obligate cleptoparasites of Pompilidae (spider wasps). RP Krombein, KV (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,MRC 165,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1996 VL 98 IS 2 BP 188 EP 194 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UJ650 UT WOS:A1996UJ65000002 ER PT J AU Perez, R Condit, R Aguilar, S Hernandez, A Villareal, A AF Perez, R Condit, R Aguilar, S Hernandez, A Villareal, A TI Inventory of vegetation on Coiba Island, Panama: Composition and floristics SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA Spanish DT Article DE flora; island; vegetation; forest; tree; shrub; species AB Mature and little-altered forest cover large expanses of the central and northern regions of Coiba island, Panama (7 degrees 29' N; 81 degrees 45' W). A total of 231 species of plants, 203 of which were trees and shrubs, were recorded. The families with the most species were Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, and Melastomataceae. The higher elevation forest of the island center is dominated by Calophyllum longifolium, Eschweilera pittieri, Cassipourea elliptica, and Ternstroemia tepezapote, while Calophyllum longifolium, Tetragastris panamensis, and Carapa guianensis predominate in the surrounding, low-lying forest. Pelliciera rhizophora and Rhizophora mangle are the most common species of the mangrove forests along the southern shore of the island, and freshwater swamps are characterized by high densities of Prioria copaifera and Peltogyne purpurea. Within the variegated forest in the northern part of the island, we established two 20 x 20 m plots. Within each plot we marked and measured the diameter at breast height (dbh) of all woody plants greater than 1 cm dbh, excluding lianas. One plot yielded 29 species and 156 stems, while the other had 37 species and 158 stems. These levels of diversity are relatively low when compared to same-sized plots from comparable forest areas on mainland Panama. RP Perez, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR INVEST FORESTALES TROP,APARTADO 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD APR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TV964 UT WOS:A1996TV96400003 ER PT J AU Abraham, JP Benja, R Randrianasolo, M Ganzhorn, JU Jeannoda, V Leigh, EG AF Abraham, JP Benja, R Randrianasolo, M Ganzhorn, JU Jeannoda, V Leigh, EG TI Tree diversity on small plots in Madagascar: A preliminary review SO REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE LA English DT Article ID FOREST; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; COLOMBIA; PRIMATES AB Trees greater than or equal to 30 cm girth on a 0.93 ha plot of deciduous dry forest at Kirindy (CFPF), 50 km N. of Morondava, at 20-100 m in western Madagascar, stems greater than or equal to 5 cm diameter on 0.7 ha of evergreen plateau forest at 1 550 m at Ambohitantely, 130 km N of Antananarivo, and stems greater than or equal to 5 cm diameter on 0.51 ha of montane rain forest at 1 000 m near Perinet, 140 km E of Antananarivo, were marked, identified, and their diameters measured. The 778 marked stems at Kirindy included 45 species, the 2 808 marked stems at Ambohitantely included 102 species, and the 1 384 marked non-liana stems near Perinet included 177 species. We use Fisher's alpha to compare diversity among sites. A site's alpha is related to its number N of sampled stems and the number S of species among them by the equation S = alpha In(1 + N/alpha). For N > 500, alpha usually depends little on the number N of stems sampled or their lower size limit. Tree diversity (measured by alpha) is lower on Malagasy sample plots than in Amazonian or Malaysian forest plots of comparable climate, but decidedly higher than on forest plots of comparable climate in India or Sri Lanka. Has Madagascar's limited size limited plant diversification? We propose other ways to assess whether, and to what degree, Madagascar's limited size has restricted the evolution of truly competitive vegetation, such as the variety and effectiveness of chemical and morphological defenses against herbivores among the plants of Madagascar, and the susceptibility of Madagascar's vegetation, especially mature forests, to invasion by exotics. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. ADJOINT TECH EAUX & FORETS,MORAMANGA,MALAGASY REPUBL. UNIV ANTANANARIVO,FAC SCI,LAB BOT,ANTANANARIVO 101,MALAGASY REPUBL. DEUTSCH PRIMATENZENTRUM GMBH,D-37077 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. NR 62 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE PI PARIS 5 PA 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE SN 0249-7395 J9 REV ECOL-TERRE VIE JI Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie PD APR-JUN PY 1996 VL 51 IS 2 BP 93 EP 116 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UW141 UT WOS:A1996UW14100001 ER PT J AU Nowicke, JW AF Nowicke, JW TI Pollen morphology, exine structure and the relationships of Basellaceae and Didiereaceae to portulacaceae SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article AB The pollen of Basellaceae and Didiereaceae, two of the 12 traditional families comprising the Caryophyllales, was investigated using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy to clarify relationships between these two families and three others, Portulacaceae, Cactaceae, and Hector-ellaceae. These five families constitute the suborder Portulacineae. The pollen characteristic that unites the Caryophyllales is a spinulose tectum having annular perforations or punctae. Basellaceae, comprising four genera and 19 species, have pollen that is mostly pantocolpate with variable tecta. Pollen of Anredera has a spinulose and annular perforate or punctate tectum, an apertural endexine with a solid inner component, and foot layers subtended by threadlike non-apertural endexines. Basella alba has cube-shaped grains with one colpus in each of six large, thin-walled apertural fields, and a reticulate tectum. Pollen of the three species of Basella endemic to Madagascar, B. excavata, B. leandriana and B. madagascariensis, is subcuboidal with apertures similar to B. alba but has deeply punctate tecta notably lacking spinules. Pollen of Basella paniculata is 12-15 pantocolpate and has a spinulose and punctate tectum; it is the only species of Basella to have pollen more typical of the order. Tournonia is the only genus of Caryophyllales to have pollen with thickened foot layer around each small pore. Pollen of Didiereaceae, a family comprising four genera and 11 species endemic to Madagascar, is more uniform than that of Basellaceae. All members of Alluaudia, Alluaudiopsis, Decaryia, and Didierea have 5-7-zonocolpate pollen with echinate or spinulose aperture membranes, and spinulose and annular perforate tecta. The two species of Alluaudiopsis have pollen with a unique endexine of vertical strands and columellae that become fimbriolate near the tectum. Pollen of nine species of Portulacaceae, representing Calandrinia, Ceraria, Grahamia, Montiopsis, Naiocrene, Talinella and Talinum, was also examined and is illustrated in scanning and transmission electron micrographs. Some species of Portulacaceae have pollen with irregular and/or perforated foot layers and threadlike non-apertural endexines that are very similar to some Basellaceae (Anredera). Some members of Basellaceae, of Didiereaceae and of Portulacaceae, share exines with partially fused columellae, granular inner surfaces, and columellae narrowed near the middle or expanded near the base. However, all characteristics may not be present in pollen of one species, and there could be species of Portulacaceae with pollen having none of the above structural characteristics. Pollen of some members of Cactaceae, examined in an earlier study, has similar structural characteristics. These shared pollen characteristics provide support for the present concept of the suborder Portulacineae. The presence of the above structural characteristics in pollen of Portulacineae does not necessarily deny their existence in pollen of the remaining members of Caryophyllales. RP Nowicke, JW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT BOT, NHB 166, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 187 EP 208 DI 10.2307/2419747 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA VV406 UT WOS:A1996VV40600006 ER PT J AU Judd, DD AF Judd, DD TI Review of the systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the Sabethini (Diptera: Culicidae) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PITCHER-PLANT MOSQUITO; TRICHOPROSOPON-DIGITATUM; WYEOMYIA-SMITHII; EGG; EVOLUTION; RAINFALL; ECOLOGY; TESTS AB This paper reviews the historical treatment of the tribe Sabethini and genus-group taxa and examines the unusual life histories associated with the group. Although recognized by taxonomists as distinct, the taxonomic position of sabethines has been questioned and their rank within the family Culicidae unstable. In order to evaluate the current status of the classification of the tribe a cladistic analysis is performed. Thirty-seven taxa are selected from within the Sabethini and two outgroups were chosen from the tribe Aedini. Exemplars are selected from genus-group taxa world-wide and new and traditional character systems examined in larval, pupal and adult life stages. The results firmly establish the sabethines as a monophyletic group. However, the genera Runchomyia, Tripteroides and Wyeomyia are not demonstrably monophyletic. In addition, the data support the New World taxa as a monophyletic group to a paraphyletic assemblage of Old World taxa. The pattern displayed by the cladogram suggests the ability to vector arboviruses has arisen more than once in mosquitoes. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP Judd, DD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOL, MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT, NHB 169, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 114 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 129 EP 150 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1996.d01-1.x PG 22 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA VA485 UT WOS:A1996VA48500005 ER PT J AU Kidwell, PA AF Kidwell, PA TI Learning, language and invention: Essays presented to Francis Maddison - Hackmann,WD, Turner,AJ SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP Kidwell, PA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 1996 VL 37 IS 2 BP 344 EP 346 DI 10.2307/3106822 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA VP427 UT WOS:A1996VP42700007 ER PT J AU Shayt, DH AF Shayt, DH TI The great guano rush: Entrepreneurs and American overseas expansion - Skaggs,JM SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP Shayt, DH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 1996 VL 37 IS 2 BP 363 EP 365 DI 10.2307/3106833 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA VP427 UT WOS:A1996VP42700018 ER PT J AU Thiele, A Schirwitz, K Winter, K Krause, GH AF Thiele, A Schirwitz, K Winter, K Krause, GH TI Increased xanthophyll cycle activity and reduced D1 protein inactivation related to photoinhibition in two plant systems acclimated to excess light SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESF Workshop on Visible and UV Light Stress CY AUG 17-19, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP European Sci Fdn, CNRS, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer DE cold acclimation; D1 protein turnover; photoinhibition; tropical forest canopy; xanthophyll cycle; young leaves ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; SPINACH LEAVES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ZEAXANTHIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEGRADATION; D1-PROTEIN; TURNOVER; SUN AB Young and mature canopy leaves of tropical forest trees (Anacardium excelsum, Castilla elastica) and cold- and nonacclimated leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grown in temperate climate were used as systems of differing susceptibility to high light stress to assess the role of xanthophyll cycle activity and D1 protein turnover in photoinhibition of photosynthesis. Previous investigations with spinach revealed two distinct stages of photoinhibition (indicated by a decline in the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence) which were reflected in different kinetics of recovery in low light. An initial fast recovery phase of unknown biochemical mechanism (about 1 h) was followed by a slow phase (several hours), which may be based upon resynthesis of the D1 protein in the photosystem II reaction center. All leaves studied exhibited these two phases. However, the kinetics and relative amplitude of the two phases varied strongly and were dependent on leaf age and light acclimation. Recovery was rapid in young canopy sun leaves and cold-acclimated leaves of spinach due to a pronounced initial phase. On the other hand, the slow, probably D1 related phase dominated in mature canopy leaves and non-acclimated leaves of spinach. The fast phase of recovery and epoxidation of zeaxanthin via the xanthophyll cycle were closely correlated in all leaves studied, In addition, recovery following photoinhibition in the presence of dithiothreitol, which prevented formation of zeaxanthin, occurred only in a slow phase. On the other hand, leaf incubation prior to photoinhibition with streptomycin, an inhibitor of chloroplast-encoded protein synthesis, eliminated slow recovery by preventing resynthesis of the D1 protein. The young tropical sun leaves and the cold-acclimated spinach leaves exhibited a higher pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments per chlorophyll and in response to strong light converted a higher percentage of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin than the mature and the non-acclimated leaves, respectively. Quantification of D1 protein in photoinhibited spinach leaves by means of electrophoresis and Western blotting revealed a strongly diminished D1 protein degradation in the cold-acclimated compared to the non-acclimated state, High xanthophyll cycle activity and pool sizes observed in response to high light with young canopy and cold-acclimated spinach leaves may serve to protect these leaves against inactivation of the D1 protein. C1 UNIV DUSSELDORF,INST BIOCHEM PFLANZEN,D-40225 DUSSELDORF,GERMANY. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 49 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAR 29 PY 1996 VL 115 IS 2 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(96)04363-4 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UG349 UT WOS:A1996UG34900013 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, O TI The correspondence of John Framsteed, first Astronomer Royal - Forbes,EG, Murdin,L, Willmoth,F SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 21 PY 1996 VL 380 IS 6571 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.1038/380212b0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA UB117 UT WOS:A1996UB11700039 ER PT J AU Priest, ER vanBallegooijen, AA MacKay, DH AF Priest, ER vanBallegooijen, AA MacKay, DH TI Model for dextral and sinistral prominences SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; sun, prominences ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR PROMINENCES; 2-RIBBON FLARES; FINE-STRUCTURE; FLUX; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; REGION; CANCELLATION; EVOLUTION AB In a recent paper Martin and coworkers have discussed several striking facts about the structure of solar prominences and the filament channels in which they lie. They form two classes, called dextral and sinistral. In a dextral (sinistral) prominence, an observer viewing a prominence or filament channel from the positive-polarity side would see the magnetic field point to the right (left) along the axis of the filament channel, whereas an observer viewing from above would see the prominence feet bear off the axis to the right (left). Furthermore, dextral prominences dominate the northern hemisphere and sinistral the southern hemisphere, regardless of the cycle. Fibrils in the filament channels do not cross the prominence but usually stream from or to plagettes parallel to the prominence axis. These pioneering observations suggest that there is a coherent organizational principle orchestrating the global nature of prominences, and they have led us to reexamine the standard paradigms of contemporary prominence theory, such as that (1) prominences form in a sheared force-free arcade, (2) formation is by radiative instability, (3) the prominence material is static, and (4) eruption occurs when the shear or twist is too great. We propose a new model which accounts for the above new observational features in a natural way, replaces many of the above paradigms, and explains the previously puzzling feet of a prominence. It is a dynamic model in which a prominence is maintained by the continual input of mass and magnetic flux. The correct global dextral and sinistral patterns for high-latitude east-west prominences (such as those in the polar crown) are created by an organizational principle that includes the combined effects of differential rotation on subphotospheric flux, its subsequent emergence by magnetic buoyancy, and its rearrangement by flux reconnection to form a filament channel with magnetic flux oriented along its axis. Continual emergence and reconnection creates a prominence as a flux tube along the filament channel axis and filled with cool plasma which is lifted up from the photosphere and chromosphere by the reconnection process. Prominences at low latitudes are in this model formed in a similar way, except that it is a general subphotospheric flow (rather than differential rotation) which acts and so may produce either dextral or sinistral structures, depending on the sense of the flow. The effect of neighboring plagettes in avoiding the prominence and making it snake its way along the filament channel is modeled. It is suggested that feet are short-lived structures caused by the interaction of nearby magnetic fragments with the prominence field and may represent either the addition or the extraction of mass from the prominence. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Priest, ER (reprint author), UNIV ST ANDREWS, DEPT MATH & COMPUTAT SCI, ST ANDREWS KY16 9SS, FIFE, SCOTLAND. OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 55 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 1996 VL 460 IS 1 BP 530 EP 543 DI 10.1086/176990 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TZ366 UT WOS:A1996TZ36600044 ER PT J AU Pyne, T Carroll, SM AF Pyne, T Carroll, SM TI Higher-order gravitational perturbations of the cosmic microwave background SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE FLUCTUATIONS; RADIATION; ANISOTROPIES; UNIVERSE AB We study the behavior of light rays in perturbed Robertson-Walker cosmologies, calculating the redshift between an observer and the surface of last scattering to second order in the metric perturbation. At first order we recover the classic results of Sachs and Wolfe, and at second order we delineate the various new effects which appear; there is no a priori guarantee that these effects are significantly smaller than those at first order, since there are large length scales in the problem which could lead to sizable prefactors. We find that second-order terms of potential observational interest may be interpreted as transverse and longitudinal lensing by foreground density perturbations, and a correction to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. C1 MIT,CTR THEORET PHYS,NUCL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP Pyne, T (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 56 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 15 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2920 EP 2929 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.2920 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UC220 UT WOS:A1996UC22000008 ER PT J AU DeVorkin, D AF DeVorkin, D TI Thread of the silkworm - Chang,I SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review RP DeVorkin, D (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 14 PY 1996 VL 380 IS 6570 BP 117 EP 118 DI 10.1038/380117a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TZ978 UT WOS:A1996TZ97800034 ER PT J AU Sams, BJ Moran, JM Reid, MJ AF Sams, BJ Moran, JM Reid, MJ TI Kinematics of the ultracompact H II region W3(OH): Constraints derived from high-n radio recombination lines SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM, individual (W3(OH)); ISM, kinematics and dynamics; radio lines, ISM; stars, formation ID MASERS AB We observed the ultracompact H II region W3(OH) with approximate to 6 '' spatial resolution in the H66 alpha, H76 alpha, and H110 alpha radio recombination lines with the goal of constraining its structure and kinematics via the line shapes. We find that the H66 alpha line has a local standard of rest (LSR) center velocity of -50.7 +/- 0.3 km s(-1) and FWHM of 36.0 +/- 1.8 km s(-1); the H76 alpha line has an LSR center velocity of -50.3 +/- 0.2 km s(-1) and FWHM of 40.7 +/- 2.1 km s(-1); and the H110 alpha line has an LSR center velocity of -63.1 +/- 3.9 km s(-1) and FWHM of 69.4 +/- 16.2 km s(-1). The H110 alpha line profile is significantly impact broadened and is the first detection of this phenomena in a compact or ultracompact H II region. The broadening is not as strong as simple modeling predicts, a discrepancy most likely attributable to clumpiness in the ionized gas. The line widths and velocities best support an ''accelerated champagne flow'' kinematic model. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Sams, BJ (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,GIESSENBACHSTR,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1996 VL 459 IS 2 BP 632 EP 637 DI 10.1086/176928 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TX195 UT WOS:A1996TX19500025 ER PT J AU Lada, CJ Fich, M AF Lada, CJ Fich, M TI The structure and energetics of a highly collimated bipolar outflow: NGC 2264G SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (NGC 2264); ISM, jets and outflows; ISM, kinematics and dynamics; ISM, molecules; shock waves ID OB1 MOLECULAR CLOUD; CO LINE FORMATION; JET; FLOWS; EMISSION; ORION; WINDS AB We present a detailed observational study of (CO)-C-12 (J = 2-->1) emission from the spectacular bipolar molecular outflow NGC 2264G. These observations enable us to make significantly improved determinations of the basic physical parameters of the outflow and reveal rich structural detail in both its spatial morphology and velocity field. We identify a number of robust physical characteristics of the outflow that provide critical challenges for the development of a theoretical understanding of the dynamical nature of this and other bipolar molecular outflows. In particular, we find that (1) the velocity field of the outflow is described by a single ''Hubble'' law to a remarkable degree of precision over its entire extent, (2) the flow exhibits a high degree of bipolarity with an intensity contrast between red and blue emission in each lobe of at least a factor of 20, which indicates that the motion of gas in the outflow is strongly (forwardly) directed along the flow major axis, (3) the flow exhibits a well-behaved power-law variation of mass with velocity, and (4) the collimation of the flow increases systematically with flow velocity and distance from the driving source, with the highest velocity gas very jetlike in appearance. Moreover, at the highest flow velocities the two oppositely directed lobes display a high degree of similarity in their basic physical properties suggesting that the underlying wind driving the outflow is characterized by an intrinsic bipolar symmetry which originates with the driving engine at the origin of the outflow. Existing outflow theory cannot yet account for the constraints imposed by these observations. In particular, we find the general result that bow shock models cannot produce the degree of bipolarity required to match the observations of this and other outflows. Improved estimates of the outflow's mass, size, and energetics provide strong constraints on the energetics of the driving engine. C1 UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT PHYS,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. RP Lada, CJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 42 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1996 VL 459 IS 2 BP 638 EP 652 DI 10.1086/176929 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TX195 UT WOS:A1996TX19500026 ER PT J AU Bemis, DL Jacobs, RS Bailey, TG Norris, JN AF Bemis, DL Jacobs, RS Bailey, TG Norris, JN TI Production of arachidonic acid metabolites in chloroplasts isolated from the green alga Anadyomene stellata. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 863 EP 863 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA TZ284 UT WOS:A1996TZ28400863 ER PT J AU RAVENHILL, P AF RAVENHILL, P TI WILLIAMS,SYLVIA, 1936-1996 + IN-MEMORIAM SO AFRICAN ARTS LA English DT Item About an Individual RP RAVENHILL, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AFRICAN ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PI LOS ANGELES PA AFRICAN STUDIES CNTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 SN 0001-9933 J9 AFR ARTS JI Afr. Arts PD SPR PY 1996 VL 29 IS 2 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA UM464 UT WOS:A1996UM46400002 ER PT J AU YONEMURA, A AF YONEMURA, A TI A JAPANESE NO ROBE AT THE ARTHUR-M-SACKLER-GALLERY + THEATRICAL COSTUME SO APOLLO-THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE OF THE ARTS LA English DT Article RP YONEMURA, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,FREER GALLERY ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU APOLLO MAGAZINE LTD PI LONDON PA 29 CHESHAM PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8HB SN 0003-6536 J9 APOLLO JI Apollo-Int. Mag. Arts PD MAR PY 1996 VL 143 IS 409 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA TY993 UT WOS:A1996TY99300004 ER PT J AU Miles, EG Reinhardt, L AF Miles, EG Reinhardt, L TI ''Art conceal'd'': Peale's double portrait of 'Benjamin and Eleanor Ridgely Laming' SO ART BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP Miles, EG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL PORTRAIT GALLERY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE ART ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 275 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 SN 0004-3079 J9 ART BULL JI Art Bull. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 78 IS 1 BP 56 EP 74 DI 10.2307/3046157 PG 19 WC Art SC Art GA WZ224 UT WOS:A1996WZ22400008 ER PT J AU Polcari, S AF Polcari, S TI The pictographs of Adolph Gottlieb SO ART JOURNAL LA English DT Art Exhibit Review RP Polcari, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, ARCH AMER ART, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE ART ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 50 BROADWAY, 21ST FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 0004-3249 J9 ART J JI Art J. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Art SC Art GA XB269 UT WOS:A1996XB26900014 ER PT J AU Polcari, S AF Polcari, S TI Franz Kline, black and white, 1950-1961 SO ART JOURNAL LA English DT Art Exhibit Review RP Polcari, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, ARCH AMER ART, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE ART ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 50 BROADWAY, 21ST FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 0004-3249 J9 ART J JI Art J. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Art SC Art GA XB269 UT WOS:A1996XB26900015 ER PT J AU Hazen, ML AF Hazen, ML TI A search for variable stars in the globular clusters NGC 5694 and NGC 6558 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A search for variable stars in the field of NGC 5694 revealed no candidates. A search in the field of NGC 6558 found 6 new variables within the tidal radius r(t), in addition to 9 previously known, and 36 in the field outside this radius, in addition to 10 previously known. Nine of the variables within r(t) are RR Lyrae stars and at least five are probable cluster members. These five yield a horizontal branch blue magnitude of 16.8+/-0.08 mag and an approximate distance to the cluster of 6.6 kpc. The cluster is of Oosterhoff type I. (C) 1996 American Astronomical Society. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. RP Hazen, ML (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 111 IS 3 BP 1184 EP 1192 DI 10.1086/117864 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TX879 UT WOS:A1996TX87900019 ER PT J AU VanDyk, SD Weiler, KW Sramek, RA Schlegel, EM Filippenko, AV Panagia, N Leibundgut, B AF VanDyk, SD Weiler, KW Sramek, RA Schlegel, EM Filippenko, AV Panagia, N Leibundgut, B TI Type ''IIn'' supernovae: A search for radio emission SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIGHT CURVES; NOVA 1979C; SN-1980K; SPECTRA; SUPERWIND; NGC-3169 AB We have conducted a search using the Very Large Array for radio emission from members of Schlegel's (1990) proposed supernova subclass, Type IIn, which show optical characteristics indicative of shock interaction with dense circumstellar matter. None has been detected to upper limits of less than or similar to 0.2 mJy. We compare the corresponding radio luminosity upper limits for these supernovae to the radio luminosities for known Type II radio supernovae. Although broadly similar optically to the unusual Type IIn SNs 1988Z and 1986J, none of the observed supernovae could be nearly as radio luminous. We find that the radio behavior of most Type IIn supernovae may not be significantly different from that of other more normal Type II supernovae. It therefore appears that optical spectra alone are not sufficient to predict radio luminosity and that intrinsically radio luminous supernovae, such as SNs 1988Z and 1986J, are quite rare. (C) 1996 American Astronomical Society. C1 USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA. EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY,DEPT SPACE SCI,DIV ASTROPHYS,F-75738 PARIS,FRANCE. RP VanDyk, SD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,601 CAMPBELL HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 111 IS 3 BP 1271 EP 1277 DI 10.1086/117872 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TX879 UT WOS:A1996TX87900027 ER PT J AU Carilli, CL Barthel, PD AF Carilli, CL Barthel, PD TI Cygnus A SO ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS REVIEW LA English DT Review DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual, Cygnus A; radio continuum, galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; LINE-EMITTING GAS; VLBI-OBSERVATIONS; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; MAGNETIZED JETS; SHOCK FRONTS; COSMIC-RAYS; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; RELATIVISTIC JETS AB Cygnus A was the first hyper-active galaxy discovered, and it remains by far the closest of the ultra-luminous radio galaxies. As such, Cygnus A has played a fundamental role in the study of virtually all aspects of extreme activity in galaxies. We present a review of jet theory for powering the double-lobed radio emitting structures in powerful radio galaxies, followed by a review of observations of Cygnus A in the radio, optical, and X-ray relevant to testing various aspects of jet theory. Issues addressed include: jet structure from pc- to kpc-scales, jet stability, confinement, composition, and velocity, the double shock structure for the jet terminus and the origin of multiple radio hotspots, the nature of the filamentary structure in the radio lobes, and the hydrodynamic evolution of the radio lobes within a dense cluster atmosphere, including an analysis of pressure balance between the various gaseous components. Also discussed are relativistic particle acceleration and loss mechanisms in Cygnus A, as well as magnetic field strengths and geometries both within the radio source, and in the intracluster medium. We subsequently review the classification, cluster membership, and the emission components of the Cygnus A galaxy. The origin of the activity is discussed. Concentrating on the nuclear regions of the galaxy, we review the evidence for an obscured QSO, also given the constraints on the orientation of the radio source axis with respect to the sky plane. We present an overview of models of central engines in AGN and observations of Cygnus A which may be relevant to testing such models. We conclude with a brief section concerning the question of whether Cygnus A is representative of powerful high redshift radio galaxies. C1 KAPTEYN ASTRON INST, 9700 AV GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS. LEIDEN OBSERV, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 285 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0935-4956 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS REV JI Astron. Astrophys. Rev. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s001590050001 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UU112 UT WOS:A1996UU11200001 ER PT J AU Wilson, TL Zeng, Q Huttemeister, S Dahmen, G AF Wilson, TL Zeng, Q Huttemeister, S Dahmen, G TI The J(2)-J(1) E methanol transitions for J>=12 in Orion KL SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE masers; molecular data; ISM, individual, Orion KL, molecules; radio lines, ISM ID SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; MILLIMETER-WAVE; MASERS; GHZ; LINES AB The first astronomical measurements of the J(k) = 12(2) - 12(1), 14(2) - 14(1), 15(2) - 15(1), 16(2) - 16(1), and 17(2) - 17(1) transitions of E type methanol are presented. Corrections to the line rest frequencies are significant. A map of the averaged J = 15 to 17 lines shows that the emission arises from a region of 35 ''(delta) by similar to 20 ''(alpha) FWHP size, centered similar to 7 '' south, <2 '' west of the Hot Core. This is the Methanol Emission Center; the most intense CH3OH masers are 15 '' to the NW. The J greater than or equal to 12 profiles are adequately fitted with two gaussian velocity components with FWHP Delta upsilon(1/2) approximate to 0.8 km s(-1) and approximate to 3 km s(-1). For the wider component, our data give a rotational temperature of similar to 100 K. Excitation calculations indicate that the J(2) - J(1) populations are inverted; the narrow velocity component in the J = 15 to 17 transitions may be a low gain maser. C1 PURPLE MT OBSERV, NANJING 210008, PEOPLES R CHINA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, HUGEL 69, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 307 IS 1 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TZ452 UT WOS:A1996TZ45200027 ER PT J AU Li, JG Zhao, JH Ho, PTP Sage, LJ AF Li, JG Zhao, JH Ho, PTP Sage, LJ TI Detection of CO emission from Dwingeloo 1 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies, individual, Dwingeloo 1; galaxies, ISM; radio lines, galaxies ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; ATOMIC GAS; KINEMATICS; LUMINOSITY AB We report the detection of CO emission from Dwingeloo 1, a nearby barred spiral galaxy discovered recently by Kraan-Korteweg et al. (1994) behind the Milky Way. The CO integrated intensity within the central similar to 55 '' is only 1.6 K[T-R*] km s(-1), corresponding to an H-2 mass of 5.5 x 10(6) (D/3 Mpc)(2) M. if the Galactic N(H-2)/I-CO conversion factor of 3 x 10(20) cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1) is assumed. The weak CO emission relative to its H I emission could be due to a central molecular hole, an unusual N(H-2)/I-CO conversion factor, or a truly anomalous molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio in the galaxy. C1 ACAD SINICA, INST ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN. HARVARD UNIV, SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ASTRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 307 IS 2 BP 424 EP 426 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TZ879 UT WOS:A1996TZ87900012 ER PT J AU Fisher, D Franx, M Illingworth, G AF Fisher, D Franx, M Illingworth, G TI Line strengths and line strength gradients in S0 galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies, abundances; galaxies, elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies, stellar content ID DIFFERENTIAL POPULATION SYNTHESIS; OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS; CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; H-II REGIONS; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; STAR FORMATION; DISK GALAXIES AB Line strengths and their gradients in Mg, Fe, and H beta have been determined for a sample of 20 SO galaxies in order to study the stellar populations of their bulges and disks and to investigate their relationship to elliptical galaxies. Data are also presented for the elliptical galaxy NGC 1700 and the E/S0 NGC 3585. We find that S0 galaxies generally follow a similar, though possibly steeper, relationship between central Mg-2 line strength and central velocity dispersion as found for elliptical galaxies. The S0 galaxies show no dependence between Fe line strengths and central velocity dispersion-similar to the behavior observed in elliptical galaxies. The central Mg/Fe ratios in the luminous S0 galaxies show an overabundance of Mg to Fe with respect to solar element ratios. The disks (at 1 h) and bulges (at 1 r(e)) show Mg/Fe ratios lower than those found in the central regions. The magnitudes of the Mg and Fe line-strength gradients within the galaxies are found to be correlated, i.e., objects with steep Mg gradients have correspondingly large Fe gradients. We infer bulge and disk gradients for the nine most edge-on galaxies for which we have both major and minor-axis profiles. The metal line strengths decrease with radius along the major and minor axes in the bulge-dominated central regions. At larger radii, however, the major-axis metal line strength profiles flatten while the minor-axis bulge profiles fall to lower values. Representative color maps in B-R are presented that display a separation between bulge and disk colors corresponding to the metal line strength profiles. Based on our Mg-2 profiles, the average metal gradient found in the disks of our subsample is Delta[Fe/H]/Delta(r/h) = -0.08 +/- 0.06, which corresponds to a reduction in the mean metallicity of the disk stellar population by less than or similar to 15% per disk scale length (h). These shallow metallicity gradients are approximately a factor of 2-3 smaller than those derived for the disks of late-type spiral galaxies from H II regions and are consistent with previous investigations that showed a trend for disk metallicity gradients to decrease toward earlier Hubble types. As inferred from our Mg and Fe line strengths, the mean size of the bulge metallicity gradients is Delta[Fe/H]/Delta log r = -0.7 +/- 0.4, which is steeper than typical elliptical galaxy gradients. Our findings do not support formation scenarios in which bulges formed either from heated disk material at late times after disk formation or through dissipationless stellar merging, as neither process includes mechanisms for producing the observed metallicity gradients. Our observations are better explained in terms of formation via dissipative collapse (or merging) at early times. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,UNIV CALIF OBSERV,LICK OBSERV,BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Fisher, D (reprint author), UNIV GRONINGEN,KAPTEYN ASTRON INST,POSTBUS 800,9700 AV GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 103 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1996 VL 459 IS 1 BP 110 EP & DI 10.1086/176873 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TV791 UT WOS:A1996TV79100010 ER PT J AU Minniti, D AF Minniti, D TI Field stars and clusters of the galactic bulge: Implications for galaxy formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy, kinematics and dynamics; stars, abundances; stars, kinematics; stars, late-type ID RR LYRAE STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; NUCLEAR BULGE; BAADE WINDOW; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE RATIOS; PROPER MOTIONS; DISK GALAXIES; HALO AB The results of a kinematic study of the Galactic bulge based on spectra of red giants in fields at projected distances of 1.4-1.8 kpc from the Galactic center are presented. There is a marked trend of kinematics with metallicity, in the sense that the more metal-poor population has higher velocity dispersion and lower rotation velocity than the metal-rich population. The K giants more metal-poor than [Fe/H] = -1 have halo-like kinematics, with no significant rotation and sigma similar to 120 km s(-1) independent of Galactocentric distance. The velocity dispersion of the giants with [Fe/H] greater than or equal to -1 decreases with increasing Galactocentric distance, and this population is rotating with V similar to 9 km s(-1) deg(-1). The present observations, together with the observed metallicity gradient, imply bulge formation through dissipational collapse. In such a picture, low angular momentum gas lost from the formation of the halo was deposited in the bulge. The bulge would therefore be younger than the halo. Observations of the Galactic globular cluster system are consistent with this picture, if we associate the metal-rich globular clusters within 3 kpc of the Galactic center with the bulge rather than with the thick disk or halo. Data on the RR Lyrae stars in Baade's window are also consistent with this picture if these stars are considered part of the inner halo rather than the bulge. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,SMITHSONIAN INST,MULTIPLE MIRROR TELESCOPE OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC,NOAO,CERRO TOLOLO INTER AMER OBSERV,LA SERENA,CHILE. RP Minniti, D (reprint author), EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. NR 73 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1996 VL 459 IS 1 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1086/176879 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TV791 UT WOS:A1996TV79100016 ER PT J AU Garay, G Ramirez, S Rodriguez, LF Curiel, S Torrelles, JM AF Garay, G Ramirez, S Rodriguez, LF Curiel, S Torrelles, JM TI The nature of the radio sources within the Cepheus A star-forming region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM, individual (Cepheus A); ISM, jets and outflows; radio continuum, stars; stars, formation; stars, pre-main-sequence ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; IONIZED STELLAR WINDS; CONTINUUM EMISSION; PROPER MOTIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; YOUNG STARS; WATER-VAPOR; HH OBJECTS AB We present multifrequency, matching-beam, VLA radio continuum observations of the Cep A East radio source, known to consist of 16 compact (similar to 1'') components clustered within a 25 degrees radius region, most of which are aligned in stringlike structures. We find that the spectral indices of the emission from these compact objects, in the frequency interval from 1.5 to 15 GHz, cover a wide range, from -0.6 to 0.7. Positive spectral indices are exhibited by sources 2, 3b, 3c, and 3d. The first and last of these objects, the brightest sources within Cep A East, exhibit in addition elongated morphologies and angular-size and flux-density dependences with frequency that suggest they correspond to confined jets of ionized gas. Most of the objects that appear in string structures exhibit a mixture of flat and negative spectral indices across their faces, which indicates the presence of both thermal and nonthermal emission. The spectral indices of the integrated emission from sources 1b, 4, 6, and 7a are in the range between -0.3 and -0.1 while those of sources 1a, 5, 7b, and 7c are even more negative (-0.6 less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to -0.4). We suggest that the radio emission from the string sources arises in shocks resulting from the interaction of confined stellar winds with the surrounding medium. The duality in emission mechanisms is expected in shock waves where a small fraction of the electrons are accelerated to relativistic velocities, giving rise to nonthermal emission, while most of the electrons produce thermal free-free emission. We find that the nonthermal emission dominates the thermal emission when the density of the thermal electrons is below a critical density of similar to 5 x 10(3) cm(-3). We also observed the Cep A West radio source, which consists of two compact components and an elongated, diffuse, champagne-like structure. We find that the spectral index between 1.5 and 5 GHz of the peak and of the integrated emission from the latter component are -0.1 and -0.4, respectively. We suggest that the radio emission from the diffuse source arises from shocked gas at the edge of a cavity driven by a wind that originates from the brightest compact radio object within this region, which shows a spectral index at the peak of the emission of 0.6. C1 NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST ASTRON,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CSIC,INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA,E-18080 GRANADA,SPAIN. RP Garay, G (reprint author), UNIV CHILE,DEPT ASTRON,CASILLA 36-D,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RI Garay, Guido/H-8840-2013; OI Garay, Guido/0000-0003-1649-7958; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 58 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1996 VL 459 IS 1 BP 193 EP & DI 10.1086/176882 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TV791 UT WOS:A1996TV79100019 ER PT J AU Remillard, RA Orosz, JA McClintock, JE Bailyn, CD AF Remillard, RA Orosz, JA McClintock, JE Bailyn, CD TI Dynamical evidence for a black hole in X-ray Nova Ophiuchi 1977 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, spectroscopic; black hole physics; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars, individual (Nova Ophiuchi 1977); X-rays, stars ID BINARY A0620-00; LMC X-3; STAR; MASS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; DISCOVERY; SPECTRUM; CYGNI; LINE AB We have conducted spectral and photometric observations of the quiescent optical counterpart of X-ray Nova Ophiuchi 1977 (H1705-250; V2107 Oph) at CTIO. Fifty hours of photometry during 1994 July reveal a typical double-wave modulation of +/-0.2 mag with a period of 12.51 +/- 0.03 hr. The mean brightness was V similar to 21.5. Forty spectra (2000 s exposures) were obtained in 1994 July and 13 similar spectra were obtained in 1993 May. We derived the absorption-line radial velocities using two conventional cross-correlation techniques. Both of them suggest a velocity semiamplitude (K) in excess of 400 km s(-1), but only half or less of the spectra could be utilized because the signal-to-noise ratio is so low. Consequently, we devised a new and powerful ''restframe search'' technique that uses all of the available data. For each of several million binary ephemerides, we summed all of the spectra in a trial restframe of the secondary star, and each restframe spectrum was cross-correlated against a template spectrum with a well-known velocity. We then searched for the set of orbital parameters that produced the strongest cross-correlation value. The results confirmed the photometric period and the best restframe spectrum has a highly significant correlation (r similar to 6) against a broad range of K star templates. The best value for the velocity amplitude is K = 420 +/- 30 km s(-1) The corresponding mass function is f(M) = 4.0 +/- 0.8 M.. The probability is high that the compact object exceeds the maximum mass(similar to 3 M.) for a neutron star. Furthermore, this nova is very similar in many respects to the dynamical black hole binaries, A0620-00 and X-ray Nova Muscae 1991. We conclude that X-ray Nova Oph 1977 is the sixth confirmed example of an X-ray binary with a black hole primary. The estimated magnitude of the secondary star is V similar to 22.0. This distance to the binary system is 6 kpc, if the companion is a K3 star near the main sequence. Double-peaked H alpha emission suggests low levels of accretion similar to 17 yr after outburst, similar to the behavior seen in A0620-00. Unusual structure in the H alpha line profile was observed during 1994 July, and its cause remains unexplained. The most straightforward interpretations of the light curves confine the binary inclination angle to the range of 60 degrees-80 degrees. In that case, the mass of the black hole primary is 6 +/- 1 M., if the companion is a K3 star on the main sequence. C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC,CERRO TOLOLO INTER AMER OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. RP Remillard, RA (reprint author), MIT,CTR SPACE RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 43 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1996 VL 459 IS 1 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1086/176885 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TV791 UT WOS:A1996TV79100022 ER PT J AU Panagia, N Scuderi, S Gilmozzi, R Challis, PM Garnavich, PM Kirshner, RP AF Panagia, N Scuderi, S Gilmozzi, R Challis, PM Garnavich, PM Kirshner, RP TI On the nature of the outer rings around SN 1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; supernovae, general; supernovae, individual (SN 1987A) ID M-CIRCLE-DOT; EMISSION-LINES; STELLAR MODELS; SN-1987A; PROGENITOR; NEBULA; GRIDS AB We present recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Faint Object Spectrograph and ground-based spectroscopic observations of SN 1987A and its surroundings and discuss them in conjunction with HST Faint Object Camera and Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 narrowband imaging. We have determined the following properties of the outer rings around SN 1987A: (1) the ionization and the temperature in the northern outer ring of SN 1987A are similar to those measured in the inner ring; (2) the [O II] electron density in the outer rings, both the northern and the southern, is similar to 800 cm(-3), less than a third of that in the inner ring; (3) the N/O and N/C abundance ratios measured in the northern ring are -3 times lower than in the inner ring, whereas the N/H abundance ratio is about half the value measured in the inner ring. Moreover, narrowband imaging indicates that the prevailing conditions in both the northern and the southern outer rings are quite similar to each other and to those measured in the portion of the northern outer ring that projects on the ejecta. These findings indicate that the in the outer rings consists of material that was ejected by the supernova progenitor at an earlier stage of evolution than the inner ring, when CNO processing was less advanced. Comparison with evolutionary models suggests that the material that constitutes the outer rings was ejected from the supernova progenitor similar to 10(4) yr before the bulk of the inner-ring material was ejected. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY,DEPT SPACE SCI,DIV ASTROPHYS,2200 AG NOORDWIJK,NETHERLANDS. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,W-8046 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Panagia, N (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,3700 SAN MARTIN DR,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. OI Scuderi, Salvatore/0000-0002-8637-2109 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1996 VL 459 IS 1 BP L17 EP & PN 2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TV794 UT WOS:A1996TV79400005 ER PT J AU Golub, L AF Golub, L TI The solar x-ray corona SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STARS AB The solar corona, and the coronae of solar-type stars, consist of a low-density magnetized plasma at temperatures exceeding 10(6) K. The primary coronal emission is therefore in the UV and soft x-ray range. The observed close connection between solar magnetic fields and the physical parameters of the corona implies a fundamental role for the magnetic field in coronal structuring and dynamics. Variability of the corona occurs on all temporal and spatial scales - at one extreme, as the result of plasma instabilities, and at the other extreme driven by the global magnetic flux emergence patterns of the solar cycle. RP Golub, L (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA, USA. OI Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 237 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1007/BF02424425 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA VB066 UT WOS:A1996VB06600003 ER PT J AU Hartquist, TW Dalgarno, A AF Hartquist, TW Dalgarno, A TI Molecular diagnostics of the interstellar medium and star forming regions SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID GRAIN SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; INTER-STELLAR SHOCKS; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; DENSE CLOUDS; DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION; RADIATIVE ASSOCIATION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PHOTOIONIZATION RATES; INFRARED RESPONSE AB Selected examples of the use of observationally inferred molecular level populations and chemical compositions in the diagnosis of interstellar sources and processes important in them (and in other diffuse astrophysical sources) are given. The sources considered include the interclump medium of a giant molecular cloud, dark cores which are the progenitors of star formation, material responding to recent star formation and which may form further stars, and stellar ejecta (including those of supernovae) about to merge with the interstellar medium. The measurement of the microwave background, mixing of material between different nuclear burning zones in evolved stars and turbulent boundary layers (which are present in and influence the structures and evolution of all diffuse astrophysical sources) are treated. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85740 GARCHING, GERMANY. NR 134 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 237 IS 1-2 BP 267 EP 298 DI 10.1007/BF02424435 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA VB066 UT WOS:A1996VB06600013 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC Brickhouse, NS AF Raymond, JC Brickhouse, NS TI Atomic processes in astrophysics SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; C-III; PROTON EXCITATION; IRON IONIZATION; STELLAR CORONAE; HYDROGEN-LIKE AB We review the atomic processes responsible for astrophysical emission line spectra, paying particular attention to the reliability of the rates used to determine the physical conditions in the emitting gas. We discuss particular cases where often-neglected processes play important roles. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 89 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 237 IS 1-2 BP 321 EP 340 DI 10.1007/BF02424437 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA VB066 UT WOS:A1996VB06600015 ER PT J AU Long, JA Wildt, DE Wolfe, BA Critser, JK DeRossi, RV Howard, J AF Long, JA Wildt, DE Wolfe, BA Critser, JK DeRossi, RV Howard, J TI Sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction are compromised in teratospermic domestic cats SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID ZONA-PELLUCIDA; EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; RABBIT SPERMATOZOA; FELIS-CATUS; INDUCTION; OOCYTES; ASSAY; EVENTS; MOUSE AB The efficiency of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction was studied in the teratospermic domestic cat to evaluate further the etiology of compromised zona pellucida penetration and oocyte fertilization. Specific objectives were to compare normospermic and teratospermic cat ejaculates for 1) the kinetics and timing of sperm capacitation in vitro as determined by an ionophore-induced acrosome reaction; 2) the incidence of spontaneous acrosomal loss; 3) the ability of capacitated, swim-up processed sperm to acrosome-react in response to chemical (calcium ionophore) or physiological (solubilized zonae pellucidae) inducers; and 4) differences in acrosomal ultrastructure by use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acrosomal status was determined with the fluorescent probe Arachis hypogaea (peanut) agglutinin. The timing of in vitro capacitation differed (p < 0.05) between cat populations. Normospermic samples were capacitated at 2.0 h postcentrifugation, whereas teratospermic samples required 2.5 h to become capacitated. At 2.5 h, sperm from teratospermic males were less capable (p < 0.05) of completing the acrosome reaction after ionophore exposure (49.3 +/- 8.0%)than sperm from normospermic males (73.3 +/- 3.8%). Levels of spontaneous acrosomal loss/reaction over time were similar (p < 0.05) between cat groups (range, 7.6-17.8%). In swim-up separated sperm from normospermic cats, ionophore A23187 was a more potent inducer (p < 0.05) of the acrosome reaction (70.1 +/- 6.5%) than solubilized zonae pellucidae (31.1 +/- 1.2%). Swim-up separated sperm from teratospermic cats, however, were compromised in the ability to acrosome react, regardless of inducer (ionophore, 23.9 +/- 3.3%; solubilized zonae pellucidae, 23.9 +/- 4.7%; p > 0.05). Sperm motility patterns over time indicated that differences in acrosomal status were not influenced by cell death. The frequency of abnormal acrosomes detected by TEM was higher (p < 0.05) in teratospermic (30.0 +/- 3.9%) than in normospermic (3.1 +/- 1.3%) samples. Swim-up separation failed to reduce (p > 0.05) the proportion of sperm cells with malformed acrosomes (swim-up, 33.5 +/- 3.5%; washed, 26.6 +/- 4.6%). These results indicate that sperm from teratospermic cats exhibit a high incidence of malformed acrosomes detectable only at the ultrastructural level. Nevertheless, acrosomal dysfunction is not related exclusively to structural defects because > 40.0% of swim-up separated sperm with structurally normal acrosomes still are incapable of completing the acrosome reaction. This suggests that compromised capacitation and acrosomal dysfunction may be responsible for low fertilization success in the teratospermic domestic cat. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. METHODIST HOSP INDIANA INC,CRYOBIOL RES INST,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. METHODIST HOSP INDIANA INC,CLIN LAB SERV,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. FU NICHD NIH HHS [K04 HD 60980, R01 HD 23853] NR 41 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 54 IS 3 BP 638 EP 646 DI 10.1095/biolreprod54.3.638 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TV989 UT WOS:A1996TV98900015 PM 8835386 ER PT J AU Guariguata, MR Gilbert, GS AF Guariguata, MR Gilbert, GS TI Interspecific variation in rates of trunk wound closure in a Panamanian Lowland Forest SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activity; callus; latex; Panama; resin; tree damage; Tropical Moist Forest; trunk wound closure ID TREE; GROWTH AB We evaluated the ability to dose wounds inflicted with a drill to the trunks of seven common tree species from Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama. We predicted that species lacking wood antimicrobial activity would rapidly dose wounds to prevent pathogen entrance, while those species with wood antimicrobial defenses need nor necessarily exhibit fast wound closure. The species studied were Alseis blackiana, Gustavia superba, Miconia argentea, Poulsenia armata, Protium panamense, P. tenuifolium, and Tetragastris panamensis. Callus, resins, and latex were all involved in wound closure, but mechanisms varied among species: after 3 months, the only pioneer species, Miconia, had minimal diameter closure; Alseis showed intermediate closure only by callus; and the other five species (which did not differ) had almost completely plugged their wounds by means of combined callus and resin production (Tetragastris and both species of Protium), latex (Poulsenia), or callus and woody Bakes (Gustavia). Our initial prediction was supported for Gustavia and Poulsenia (i.e., rapid wound closure and no wood antimicrobial activity) but not for Tetragastris and Protium (that showed both rapid wound closure and strong wood antimicrobial activity); Miconia showed slow wound closure and no wood antimicrobial activity. Only for Alseis, was wound closure rate proportional to stem diameter growth. C1 CTR INT FORESTRY RES,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.2307/2388768 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UD055 UT WOS:A1996UD05500003 ER PT J AU Bayer, FM AF Bayer, FM TI New primnoid gorgonians (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Antarctic waters SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Two new genera and species of the gorgonacean family Primnoidae are described and illustrated by scanning electron micrographs. Reproductive polyps of both Tokoprymno maia new genus, new species and Aglaoprimnoa stefanii new genus, new species, are adapted for brooding the young through early stages of larval development. A. stefanii is similar in gross appearance to Armadillogorgia cyathella Bayer, 1980, with which it is compared. RP Bayer, FM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,NHB STOP 163,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 58 IS 2 BP 511 EP 530 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA TZ926 UT WOS:A1996TZ92600012 ER PT J AU Lubar, S AF Lubar, S TI Early American technology: Making and doing things from the colonial era to 1850 - McGaw,JA SO BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Lubar, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DIV HIST TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW PI BOSTON PA TEELE HALL 304 HARVARD BUS SCH PUBL SOLDIERS FIELD, BOSTON, MA 02163-0014 SN 0007-6805 J9 BUS HIST REV JI Bus. Hist. Rev. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 70 IS 1 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.2307/3117225 PG 3 WC Business; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UU379 UT WOS:A1996UU37900007 ER PT J AU Moss, WW AF Moss, WW TI Dang'an: Contemporary Chinese archives SO CHINA QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP Moss, WW (reprint author), FOREIGN AFFAIRS COLL, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0305-7410 J9 CHINA QUART JI China Q. PD MAR PY 1996 IS 145 BP 112 EP 129 PG 18 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA UH399 UT WOS:A1996UH39900005 ER PT J AU WARD, DC AF WARD, DC TI LOOK TO THE EARTH, HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL-WAR - GEIER,CR, WINTER,SE SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP WARD, DC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA KENT, OH 44242 SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC History SC History GA UE712 UT WOS:A1996UE71200021 ER PT J AU Aalbu, RL Andrews, FG AF Aalbu, RL Andrews, FG TI A revision of the neotropical genus Discopleurus Lacordaire (Tenebrionidae: Stenosini) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The neotropical genus Discopleurus is revised and characterized. Two new species, D. mesoamericanus and D. argentinensis, are described from Central America and Argentina respectively. A key to species is provided; the distribution and biology is briefly discussed. Phylogenetic position of the genus and relationships among species are proposed based on cladistic methodology. RP Aalbu, RL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,ARS,USDA,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 50 IS 1 BP 14 EP 38 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UC806 UT WOS:A1996UC80600003 ER PT J AU Yochelson, EL AF Yochelson, EL TI NAPC-'96 - Sixth North American paleontological convention - Washington, DC, 9-12 June 1996 SO EPISODES LA English DT Editorial Material RP Yochelson, EL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI KEYWORTH PA C/O BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, KEYWORTH, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND NG12 5GG SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR-JUN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VT836 UT WOS:A1996VT83600016 ER PT J AU Gallegos, CL Kenworthy, WJ AF Gallegos, CL Kenworthy, WJ TI Seagrass depth limits in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, USA): Application of an optical water quality model SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE light attenuation; spectral attenuation; water quality; colour; seagrasses; depth limits; Halodule wrightii; Syringodium filiforme; USA coast ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; ABSORPTION; ATTENUATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; COEFFICIENTS; ESTUARY; SEA AB A model of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance in terms of the inherent optical properties of optically important water quality parameters was calibrated near two seagrass beds in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, U.S.A. One of the seagrass sites was near the outflow of a canal discharging highly coloured water, and is regularly inundated by a plume of coloured water. Attenuation coefficients for photosynthetically active radiation predicted by the model agreed with observations within about 15%. Observed ecological compensation depth for the seagrass bed more distant from the colour source agreed well with the central tendency of the 20% penetration depth predicted by the optical model using the observed distributions of water quality parameters. Depth distributions of the seagrass bed near the coloured water source were about 0.5 m shallower, a result predicted by the optical model assuming the seagrass bed is inundated by the coloured water plume 50-70% of the time. At depths less than their ecological compensation depths, the two seagrass beds had similar species composition, shoot densities and biomass characteristics. Application of the model to hypothetical scenarios to reduce the impact of coloured water on the depth distribution of seagrasses near the discharge site indicated that any improvement in water quality would improve conditions for seagrass growth. The results indicate the utility of optical modelling in conjunction with limited field surveys of seagrasses for setting water quality objectives. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP Gallegos, CL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. OI Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 42 IS 3 BP 267 EP 288 DI 10.1006/ecss.1996.0020 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA UA578 UT WOS:A1996UA57800001 ER PT J AU Thorne, BL Collins, MS Bjorndal, KA AF Thorne, BL Collins, MS Bjorndal, KA TI Architecture and nutrient analysis of arboreal carton nests of two neotropical, nasutitermes species (Isoptera: Termitidae), with notes on embedded nodules SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE termites; Nasutitermitinae; inclusions; food storage AB Nest architecture of the arboreal Neotropical termites Nasutitermes acajutlae (Holmgren) and N. nigriceps (Haldeman) is described, with special reference to carton inclusions or nodules found within the normal gallery matrix of some nests. Nutrient analyses of these nodules show that they have high cellulose and low cutin concentrations in comparison to normal nest carton. These data support the hypothesis that the nodule inclusions serve as a form of facultative food storage in some nests of these termite species. These cases appear to represent a rare situation in which food is not stockpiled or cultured by termites, but rather some partially processed, masticated food is incorporated into the nest matrix for future consumption. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM SUPPORT CTR,SUITLAND,MD 20746. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Thorne, BL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.2307/3495751 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UB049 UT WOS:A1996UB04900004 ER PT J AU WINTLE, P AF WINTLE, P TI HUMAN-STUDIES-FILM-ARCHIVES, NATIONAL-MUSEUM-OF-NATURAL-HISTORY + WASHINGTON, DC SO HISTORICAL JOURNAL OF FILM RADIO AND TELEVISION LA English DT Article RP WINTLE, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,HUMAN STUDIES FILM ARCHIVES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0143-9685 J9 HIST J FILM RADIO TV JI Hist. J. Film Radio Telev. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1080/01439689600260121 PG 3 WC Film, Radio, Television SC Film, Radio & Television GA UJ546 UT WOS:A1996UJ54600012 ER PT J AU MachadoAllison, A AF MachadoAllison, A TI Productivity and the programs for stimulating research: The case of Universidad Central de Venezuela SO INTERCIENCIA LA Spanish DT Article AB As a response to the profound crisis that oppress our countries, due to an enormous international debt and due to economical, social and moral deterioration, the Venezuelan universities and other centers of higher education have promoted a general revision on their teaching functions, research (quality and quantity) and formation of human resources. The Councils for Development of Sciences and Humanities (CDCH-T) of the universities, have started a revision on their policies, with the objetive to propose new alternatives for the promotion and development of research that will incentive the incorporation of an acceptable quantity of new academic scientific production, policies on human resources, financing resources and organization of our universities, particularly the Central University of Venezuela. These discussions will allow us to give rational responses to attack the crisis and to prepare our institutions for the challenge of the next century. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD MAR-APR PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 78 EP & PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UD321 UT WOS:A1996UD32100004 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Sadeghpour, HR Kirby, K Dalgarno, A Lafyatis, GP AF Sun, Y Sadeghpour, HR Kirby, K Dalgarno, A Lafyatis, GP TI Charge transfer in collision of N2+ and He SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID STATES; ENERGIES; IONS AB Charge transfer cross-sections in the collision of a doubly-charged nitrogen ion and a helium atom are evaluated with a close-coupling formalism. The charge transfer produces N+(P-3), N+(D-1) and He+ ions via the (2) Sigma(+) and (2) Pi molecular states of NHe2+. We describe a method for obtaining a particular diabatic representation from a set of adiabatic dipole moments. Comparison with Landau-Zener model calculations is made and the importance of inner couplings for the production of charge transfer states is demonstrated. Collisional rate coefficients are also obtained. At 10(4) K, the rate coefficient for charge transfer into the ground N+(P-3) state is about 1.3 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) and for charge transfer into the metastable N+(D-1) state 1.8 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1). C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0144-235X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1080/01442359609353174 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA UT901 UT WOS:A1996UT90100004 ER PT J AU Tuross, N Barnes, I Potts, R AF Tuross, N Barnes, I Potts, R TI Protein identification of blood residues on experimental stone tools SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tools; blood; lithics; immunology; albumin; IgG ID SURFACES; REMAINS; ORIGIN AB An experimental butchery of a goat was performed at the site of Olorgesailie, Kenya, utilizing tools made from local source rock. The presence of blood on the experimental tools was tested with a series of commercially available polyclonal antisera. Blood could be identified immunologically on the experimental tools, and laboratory exposure to UV irradiation effectively destroyed all immunoreactivity of the blood on the lithics. Verification of the source of the blood as goat was observed in the relative reactivity of these antisera through a small range of dilution of the rock extract. Albumin was identified as part of the protein fraction remaining on the tools; IgG was not preserved at nanogram levels of detection. These experiments illustrate the importance of (1) antiserum concentration, (2) antigen (tool extract) concentration and (3) environmental impacts such as sunlight in the interpretations of residues extracted from stone tools. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Tuross, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,MUSEUM SUPPORT CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Barnes, Ian/B-8081-2008 OI Barnes, Ian/0000-0001-8322-6918 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 23 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1006/jasc.1996.0027 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA TZ038 UT WOS:A1996TZ03800014 ER PT J AU Sniezek, JH Coats, DW AF Sniezek, JH Coats, DW TI Stomatogenesis in Kyaroikeus cetarius (Dysteriina, kyaroikeidae, N Fam): Clues to its systematic placement SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacea; ciliate; parasite; phyllopharyngia; phylogeny ID MORPHOGENESIS; CILIOPHORA AB Morphogenesis in Kyaroikeus cetarius, a large phyllopharyngean parasite of odontocete Cetacea, begins with the mid ventral proliferation of four short rows of kinetosomes immediately to the left of four pre-existing, somatic kinetofragments. The resulting field of eight short kineties is located within a shallow depression that gradually elongates and deepens to form the oral cavity of the opisthe. The four right-most of these kineties sink into the developing oral cavity and divide transversely, producing three distinct sets of kinetofragments. The anterior and posterior sets each consist of four small fragments and ultimately produce the mid-ventral, somatic kinetofragments of the proter and the opisthe, respectively. In addition, some kinetosomes from the anterior set give rise to the secretory organelle complex of the proter. The central group consists of two long and one short kinetofragment, which represent anlagen for the opisthe circumoral and preoral kineties, respectively. These anlagen migrate progressively anteriad while undergoing a pronounced counterclockwise rotation that eventually inverts the developing oral kineties. Simultaneously, two broad sheets of microtubules, one beneath each circumoral anlage, extend deep into the cytoplasm and unite to line the cytopharynx of the opisthe. Meanwhile, the remainder of the eight original kinetofragments move laterally out of the ventral depression to produce the left ciliary held of the opisthe. Morphogenetic events observed in K. cetarius are typical of cyrtophorid Phyllopharyngia and support inclusion of this genus within suborder Dysteriina. RP Sniezek, JH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 1996 VL 43 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04490.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA UA109 UT WOS:A1996UA10900007 ER PT J AU Winker, K Klicka, JT Voelker, G AF Winker, K Klicka, JT Voelker, G TI Sexual size dimorphism in birds from southern Veracruz, Mexico .2. Thryothorus maculipectus and Henicorhina [Leucosticta] prostheleuca SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Two monochromatic tropical wrens (Thryothorus maculipectus and Henicorhina [leucosticta] prostheleuca) were examined using external measurements of museum specimens. Although the sexes show overlap in all measured characters, males were larger than females on average. Degrees of dimorphism are described, and discriminant equations are presented as a method for identifying the sex of individuals. The success of these equations for sexing jackknifed samples varies from 93-97%. Clues to aging are offered and juvenal plumages are summarized. Recognition of the retention of some juvenal plumage well into adulthood in H. ''l.'' prostheleuca raises questions of species limits in Middle American groups of H. ''leucosticta.'' C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NZP,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. BELL MUSEUM NAT HIST,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WASHINGTON,BURKE MUSEUM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 67 IS 2 BP 236 EP 251 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA UK570 UT WOS:A1996UK57000004 ER PT J AU Park, K Zink, LR Evenson, KM Chance, KV Nolt, IG AF Park, K Zink, LR Evenson, KM Chance, KV Nolt, IG TI Pressure broadening of the 83.869 cm(-1) rotational lines of OH by N-2, O-2, H-2, and He SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; SPECTRUM AB We present pressure broadening coefficients of the 83.869 cm(-1) (2.514 THz) F-1, 5/2(-) <-- F-1, 3/2(+) rotational lines of OH by N-2, O-2, H-2, and He at 293 and 192 K. We also remeasured the position of the manifold of lines, with results that are in excellent agreement with a previous accurate determination. The frequency of the strongest component of the transition (F = 2 <-- 3) and its 2 sigma uncertainty is 2,514,316.37(3) MHz. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. RP Park, K (reprint author), UNIV OREGON,DEPT PHYS,EUGENE,OR 97403, USA. OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 55 IS 3 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(95)00172-7 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA UA459 UT WOS:A1996UA45900002 ER PT J AU Brown, JL Wildt, DE Wielebnowski, N Goodrowe, KL Graham, LH Wells, S Howard, JG AF Brown, JL Wildt, DE Wielebnowski, N Goodrowe, KL Graham, LH Wells, S Howard, JG TI Reproductive activity in captive female cheetahs (Acinoyx jubatus) assessed by faecal steroids SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN ZOOS; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CIRCULATING HORMONES; DOMESTIC CAT; PROGESTERONE; SUPPRESSION; PREGNANCY; WILD; PSEUDOPREGNANCY AB Faecal oestradiol and progestogen metabolite excretion was monitored in adult, female cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) (n = 26) for 1-24 months. Increased faecal oestradiol excretion was associated with mating or equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) administration for artificial insemination, whereas increased progestogen metabolites were observed during natural and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-induced pregnant and nonpregnant luteal phases. On the basis of oestradiol excretory patterns, duration of the oestrous cycle (mean +/- SEM) was 13.6 +/- 1.2 days with high oestradiol concentrations lasting for 4.1 +/- 0.8 days. In non-gonadotrophin-treated cheetahs, 75% showed evidence of oestrous cyclicity; however, none evaluated for I year or longer were continuously cyclic. Rather, cyclicity was interrupted by periods of anoestrus, often exceeding several months in duration. These inactive ovarian periods were unrelated to season and were not synchronous among females. Mean duration of gestation (breeding to parturition) was 94.2 +/- 0.5 days, whereas duration of faecal progestogen metabolite excretion during the nonpregnant luteal phase was 51.2 +/- 3.5 days. On the basis of progestogen metabolite evaluations, spontaneous ovulation (non-mating induced) occurred only once in two females (2 of 184 oestrous cycles; 1.1%). Peak eCG-stimulated, preovulatory oestradiol concentrations were similar to those associated with natural oestrus, whereas progestogen metabolite profiles after hCG resembled those during pregnant and nonpregnant luteal phases after natural mating. In summary, results confirm that the cheetah is polyoestrus and ovulation is almost always induced. However, new evidence suggests that many females inexplicably experience periods of anoestrus unrelated to season, while 25% of the cheetahs examined expressed no ovarian activity during the study period. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. METRO TORONTO ZOO,SCARBOROUGH,ON M1B 5K7,CANADA. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MAMMALS,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. OI Wells, Stuart/0000-0002-5612-9538 NR 42 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 42 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 106 IS 2 BP 337 EP 346 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA UD645 UT WOS:A1996UD64500023 PM 8699419 ER PT J AU MOFFETT, DL AF MOFFETT, DL TI WAX COATINGS ON ETHNOGRAPHIC METAL OBJECTS - JUSTIFICATIONS FOR ALLOWING A TRADITION TO WANE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP MOFFETT, DL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AFRICAN ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CONSERVATION HISTORIC ARTISTIC WORKS PI WASHINGTON PA 1717 K ST, NW, STE 301, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 SN 0197-1360 J9 J AM INST CONSERV JI J. Am. Inst. Conserv. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.2307/3179934 PG 7 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA UJ193 UT WOS:A1996UJ19300001 ER PT J AU MCCORMICKGOODHART, MH AF MCCORMICKGOODHART, MH TI THE PERMANENCE AND CARE OF COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS - TRADITIONAL AND DIGITAL COLOR PRINTS, COLOR NEGATIVES, SLIDES, AND MOTION PICTURES - WILHELM,H, BROWER,C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CONSERVATION LA English DT Book Review RP MCCORMICKGOODHART, MH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANAL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CONSERVATION HISTORIC ARTISTIC WORKS PI WASHINGTON PA 1717 K ST, NW, STE 301, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 SN 0197-1360 J9 J AM INST CONSERV JI J. Am. Inst. Conserv. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 72 EP 73 DI 10.2307/3179943 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA UJ193 UT WOS:A1996UJ19300011 ER PT J AU Meggers, BJ AF Meggers, BJ TI Amazonian Indians from prehistory to the present: Anthropological perspectives - Roosevelt,A SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE LA English DT Book Review RP Meggers, BJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INST PI LONDON PA 50 FITZROY STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 5HS SN 0025-1496 J9 J ROY ANTHROPOL INST JI J. R. Anthropol. Inst. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 2 IS 1 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.2307/3034679 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA UD881 UT WOS:A1996UD88100051 ER PT J AU Condit, R Hubbell, SP Foster, RB AF Condit, R Hubbell, SP Foster, RB TI Changes in tree species abundance in a Neotropical forest: Impact of climate change SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; population dynamics; tropical populations ID TROPICAL MOIST FOREST; SHORT-TERM DYNAMICS; PRECIPITATION FLUCTUATIONS; LOWLAND PANAMA; SOUTHERN INDIA; LAND AREAS; RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION; GROWTH; UNDERSTORY AB The abundance of all tree and shrub species has been monitored for eight years in a 50 ha census plot in tropical moist forest in central Panama. Here we examine population trends of the 219 most numerous species in the plot, assessing the impact of a long-term drying trend. Population change was calculated as the mean rate of increase (or decrease) over eight years, considering either all stems greater than or equal to 10 mm diameter at breast height (dbh) or just stems greater than or equal to 100 mm dbh. For stems greater than or equal to 10 mm, 40% of the species had mean growth rates <1% per year (either increasing or decreasing) and 12% had changes greater than or equal to 5% per year. For stems greater than or equal to 100 mm, the figures were 38% and 8%. Species that specialize on the slopes of the plot, a moist microhabitat relative to the plateau, suffered significantly more declines in abundance than species that did not prefer slopes (stems greater than or equal to 10 mm dbh). This pattern was due entirely to species of small stature: 91% of treelets and shrubs that were slope-specialists declined in abundance, but just 19% of non-slope treelets and shrubs declined. Among larger trees, slope and non-slope species fared equally. For stems greater than or equal to 100 mm dbh, the slope effect vanished because there were few shrubs and treelets with stems greater than or equal to 100 mm dbh. Another edaphic guild of species, those occurring preferentially in a small swamp in the centre of the plot, were no more likely to decline in abundance than non-swamp species, regardless of growth form. Species that preferentially colonize canopy gaps in the plot were slightly more likely to decrease in abundance than non-colonizing species (only for stems greater than or equal to 10 mm dbh, not greater than or equal to 100 mm). Despite this overall trend, however, several colonizing species had the most rapidly increasing populations in the plot. The impact of a 25-year drying trend and an associated increase in the severity of the 4-month dry season is having an obvious impact on the BCI forest. At least 16 species of shrubs and treelets with affinities for moist microhabitats are headed for extinction in the plot. Presumably, these species invaded the forest during a wetter period prior to 1966. A severe drought of 1983 that caused unusually high tree mortality contributed to this trend, and may also have been responsible for sharp increases in abundance of a few gap-colonizers because it temporarily opened the forest canopy. The BCI forest is remarkably sensitive to a subtle climatic shift, yet we do not know whether this is typical for tropical forests because no other large-scale censuses exist for comparison. RP Condit, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 54 TC 179 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 36 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 12 BP 231 EP 256 PN 2 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UB782 UT WOS:A1996UB78200004 ER PT J AU Elzanowski, A Wellnhofer, P AF Elzanowski, A Wellnhofer, P TI Cranial morphology of Archaeopteryx: Evidence from the seventh skeleton SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPTILE; ORIGIN; DINOSAUR; ANATOMY; SYSTEM; TEXAS; BIRDS AB Most of the cranial bones are preserved in the seventh skeleton of Archaeopteryx. Whereas most of the braincase bones and the quadrates are crushed against one another as a result of sediment compaction, the displaced bones lying apart are nearly intact. In contrast with the predominantly reptilian postcranial skeleton, the skull of Archaeopteryx shows a few specifically avian traits. The palatine has a maxillary (=premaxillary) process, a hook-shaped choanal process, and a long pterygoid wing, which makes it distinctively avian and different from the tetraradiate palatine of archosaurs. The mandible lacks the coronoid bone. Being unrelated to locomotion, the avian features of the skull demonstrate that Archaeopteryx is a bird rather than a feathered nonavian archosaur. The interdental plates, ectopterygoid, a big rostroventral wing of the prootic that contacted the laterosphenoid rostral to the trigeminal foramen, and the postorbital and quadratojugal processes of the squamosal add to the evidence that Archaeopteryx is the most primitive of the unquestionable birds known to date. Archaeopteryx is more like certain theropods than any other nonavian archosaur in having a strongly curved, hook-shaped jugal process of the ectopterygoid and probably a single vomer. C1 BAYER STAATSSAMMLUNG PALAONTOL & HIST GEOL, D-80333 MUNICH, GERMANY. RP Elzanowski, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 58 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA UH153 UT WOS:A1996UH15300009 ER PT J AU Purdy, RW Donovan, SK Pickerill, RK Dixon, HL AF Purdy, RW Donovan, SK Pickerill, RK Dixon, HL TI Fish teeth from the pleistocene of Jamaica SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV W INDIES,DEPT GEOL,KINGSTON 7,JAMAICA. UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK,DEPT GEOL,FREDERICTON,NB E3B 5A3,CANADA. RP Purdy, RW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Donovan, Stephen/O-1285-2015 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 401 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-4267 SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 165 EP 167 PG 3 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA UH153 UT WOS:A1996UH15300017 ER PT J AU Sundberg, JP Montali, RJ Bush, M Phillips, LG OBrien, SJ Jenson, AB Burk, RD VanRanst, M AF Sundberg, JP Montali, RJ Bush, M Phillips, LG OBrien, SJ Jenson, AB Burk, RD VanRanst, M TI Papillomavirus-associated focal oral hyperplasia in wild and captive Asian lions (Panthera leo persica) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE papillomavirus; Asian lion; Panthera leo persica; felidae; PIPV ID FELINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE-1; PYGMY CHIMPANZEE; INFECTION; CHEETAH; VIRUS; SKIN; MICE; LESIONS; CAT AB Four Asian lions (Panthera leo persica), two wild and two captive, were diagnosed with focal oral hyperplasia affecting the ventral surface of their tongues. Focal, flat, sessile lesions consisted of hyperplastic, stratified squamous epithelium. Koilocytotic atypia was evident in the upper layers of cells, some of which contained characteristic intranuclear papillomavirus particles visible by electron microscopy. In addition, large amphophilic cytoplasmic inclusions were evident in the koilocytes and were considered to be a product of the viral E4 gene. Papillomavirus group-specific antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry in the atypical cell nuclei. Conserved papillomavirus antigenic epitopes differed from epitopes found in cutaneous papillomavirus-induced lesions from domestic cats. An 8,000-base pair DNA fragment, linearized by Bam HI digestion, was detected by Southern blot hybridization probed with a mixed human papillomavirus genomic probe. Limited restriction endonuclease studies of DNA prepared using an oral hyperplastic lesion from an Asian lion indicate that this is a novel feline papillomavirus different from the domestic cat cutaneous papillomavirus. This new virus has been designated ''PLPV.'' C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DAVIS,CA 92112. NCI,NIH,FREDERICK,MD 21702. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,REGA INST MED RES,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY 10461. RP Sundberg, JP (reprint author), JACKSON LAB,600 MAIN ST,BAR HARBOR,ME 04609, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WK434 UT WOS:A1996WK43400008 ER PT J AU Towe, KM AF Towe, KM TI Fossil preservation in the Burgess Shale SO LETHAIA LA English DT Article RP Towe, KM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0024-1164 J9 LETHAIA JI Lethaia PD MAR PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA VD715 UT WOS:A1996VD71500014 ER PT J AU Beard, KH DePriest, PT AF Beard, KH DePriest, PT TI Genetic variation within and among mats of the reindeer lichen, Cladina subtenuis SO LICHENOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GROUP-I INTRONS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMATICS; FUNGUS; RDNA AB Cladina subtenuis is the most commonly found 'reindeer lichen' in the southeastern United States. In the present study C. subtenuis was examined for polymorphism in the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) within and among small clumps of podetia, here referred to as mars, from five geographical locations. Polymorphism in the SSU rDNA was not detected among podetia within mars, but polymorphism was detected among mars from a single location. Therefore, mars of C, subtenuis may represent a single genetic individual, although genetically distinct mats may occur in close proximity. Their proximity could encourage sexual reproduction between genetically distinct individuals, which would maintain variation in these populations. The SSU rDNA types represented three different lengths and restriction-site patterns, reflecting the presence of sequence insertions of at least 200 nucleotides in the SSU rDNA coding region. The insertions, differing in position, number and sequence, are group I introns similar to those previously reported in the Cladonia chlorophaea complex. The intron variation among the SSU rDNA types indicates that molecular evolution has occurred within this species, perhaps since its divergence from related taxa and dispersal across the southeastern United Stares. (C) 1996 The British Lichen Society C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011; DePriest, Paula/K-6633-2015 NR 31 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0024-2829 J9 LICHENOLOGIST JI Lichenologist PD MAR PY 1996 VL 28 BP 171 EP 182 PN 2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA UE784 UT WOS:A1996UE78400007 ER PT J AU HOBBS, SA GALLATI, BD AF HOBBS, SA GALLATI, BD TI DEWING,THOMAS,WILMER, AN ARTIST AGAINST THE GRAIN SO MAGAZINE ANTIQUES LA English DT Article C1 BROOKLYN MUSEUM,BROOKLYN,NY 11238. RP HOBBS, SA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEM AMER ART, RES LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRANT PUBL, INC PI NEW YORK PA 575 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0161-9284 J9 MAG ANTIQUES JI Mag. Antiq. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 149 IS 3 BP 416 EP & PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA TW894 UT WOS:A1996TW89400006 ER PT J AU Jamieson, MJ Dalgarno, A Doyle, JM AF Jamieson, MJ Dalgarno, A Doyle, JM TI Scattering lengths for collisions of ground state and metastable state hydrogen atoms SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; MOLECULE; APPROXIMATION; E3-SIGMA-U+; H-2; EF; GK AB Scattering lengths for the collisions of ground and metastable state hydrogen atoms interacting via the B'(1) Sigma(u)(+), EF(1) Sigma(g)(+), e(3) Sigma(u)(+) and h(3) Sigma(g)(+) molecular potentials are evaluated from published ab initio Born-Oppenheimer potentials with adiabatic corrections, matched to multipole expansions at large interatomic separations. It is demonstrated that the scattering lengths are very sensitive to the connections between the ab initio potentials and their asymptotic forms and the need is shown for accurate interatomic potential calculations at greater separations than are currently available. The density-dependent shift and broadening of the 1S-2S transition frequency in atomic hydrogen caused by two-body elastic collisions are presented. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV GLASGOW,DEPT COMP SCI,GLASGOW G12 8QQ,LANARK,SCOTLAND. RP Jamieson, MJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 87 IS 4 BP 817 EP 826 DI 10.1080/00268979650027171 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA UB878 UT WOS:A1996UB87800006 ER PT J AU WASHBURN, WE AF WASHBURN, WE TI EDUCATION AND THE NEW ELITE, AMERICAN MUSEUMS IN THE 1980S AND 1990S SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article C1 NATL POSTAL MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC. RP WASHBURN, WE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1225 EYE ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD MAR-APR PY 1996 VL 75 IS 2 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Art SC Art GA UM720 UT WOS:A1996UM72000009 ER PT J AU WEIL, SE AF WEIL, SE TI THE DISTINCTIVE NUMERATOR + MUSEUMS AND THE VALUES THEY PROVIDE SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP WEIL, SE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1225 EYE ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD MAR-APR PY 1996 VL 75 IS 2 BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Art SC Art GA UM720 UT WOS:A1996UM72000010 ER PT J AU HARRIS, N AF HARRIS, N TI DREAMING BY COMMITTEE + RECENT EVENTS AT THE LIBRARY-OF-CONGRESS SUGGEST THAT PROTEST AND CANCELLATION ARE FAST BECOMING A PATTERN IN THE MOUNTING OF MUSEUM EXHIBITS SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP HARRIS, N (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1225 EYE ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD MAR-APR PY 1996 VL 75 IS 2 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Art SC Art GA UM720 UT WOS:A1996UM72000011 ER PT J AU LORNELL, K AF LORNELL, K TI EARLY DOWNHOME BLUES - A MUSICAL AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS - TITON,JT SO NOTES LA English DT Book Review RP LORNELL, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUSIC LIBRARY ASSN PI CATON PA BUSINESS OFFICE PO BOX 487, CATON, MA 02021 SN 0027-4380 J9 NOTES JI Notes PD MAR PY 1996 VL 52 IS 3 BP 824 EP 825 DI 10.2307/898649 PG 2 WC Music SC Music GA TY632 UT WOS:A1996TY63200033 ER PT J AU LORNELL, K AF LORNELL, K TI TRADITIONAL ANGLO-AMERICAN FOLK MUSIC - AN ANNOTATED DISCOGRAPHY OF PUBLISHED SOUND RECORDINGS - COHEN,N SO NOTES LA English DT Book Review RP LORNELL, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUSIC LIBRARY ASSN PI CATON PA BUSINESS OFFICE PO BOX 487, CATON, MA 02021 SN 0027-4380 J9 NOTES JI Notes PD MAR PY 1996 VL 52 IS 3 BP 826 EP 827 DI 10.2307/898651 PG 2 WC Music SC Music GA TY632 UT WOS:A1996TY63200035 ER PT J AU LORNELL, K AF LORNELL, K TI THE SOUNDS OF PEOPLE AND PLACES - READINGS IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF AMERICAN FOLK AND POPULAR MUSIC - CARNEY,GO SO NOTES LA English DT Book Review RP LORNELL, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUSIC LIBRARY ASSN PI CATON PA BUSINESS OFFICE PO BOX 487, CATON, MA 02021 SN 0027-4380 J9 NOTES JI Notes PD MAR PY 1996 VL 52 IS 3 BP 827 EP 828 DI 10.2307/898652 PG 2 WC Music SC Music GA TY632 UT WOS:A1996TY63200036 ER PT J AU Temeles, EJ AF Temeles, EJ TI A new dimension to hummingbird - Flower relationships SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE plant-pollinator interactions; foraging behavior; hummingbirds; feeding adaptation; Trochilidae ID SELECTION; BILL; POLLINATION; MORPHOLOGY; TONGUE AB The close correspondence between the bills of hummingbirds and the lengths of the flowers they feed from has been interpreted as an example of coadaptation. Observations of birds feeding at flowers longer and shorter than their bills, however, and the lack of experimental mental evidence for any feeding advantage to short bills, seem to contradict this interpretation. I address this problem by considering a little-studied dimension of floral morphology: corolla diameter. In laboratory experiments on female ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), probing abilities (maximum extraction depths) increased with increasing corolla diameter. Handling times increased with decreasing corolla diameter, resulting in ''handling time equivalents'', i.e., flowers having the same handling times but different lengths and diameters. Longer-billed birds had greater maximum extraction depths and shorter handling times than shorter-billed birds at all corolla diameters greater than the width of the bill. In contrast, shorter-billed birds made fewer errors inserting their bills into narrow flowers. Hence, differences in bill lengths apparently are associated with trade-offs in foraging abilities, whereby longer-billed birds are able to feed at long flowers and may do so more quickly, whereas shorter-billed birds are able to feed more successfully at narrow flowers. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 1996 VL 105 IS 4 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1007/BF00330015 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UB315 UT WOS:A1996UB31500013 PM 28307145 ER PT J AU SO, JF AF SO, JF TI TO RESTORE OR NOT, A CASE STUDY + A CAST-BRONZE AXE BLADE, 12TH-11TH-CENTURY-BC AT THE ARTHUR-M-SACKLER-GALLERY SO ORIENTAL ART LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shang Culture CY MAY 20-25, 1995 CL YANSHI, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,ARTHUR M SACKLER GALLERY ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP SO, JF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,FREER GALLERY ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORIENTAL ART MAGAZINE LTD PI RICHMOND PA 12 ENNERDALE RD, RICHMOND, SURREY, ENGLAND TW9 3PG SN 0030-5278 J9 ORIENTAL ART JI Orient. Art PD SPR PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Art; Asian Studies SC Art; Asian Studies GA UM743 UT WOS:A1996UM74300003 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, JM AF Pandolfi, JM TI Limited membership in Pleistocene reef coral assemblages from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea: Constancy during global change SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; YOUNGER DRYAS; RECORD; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; HISTORY; ENVIRONMENTS AB One of the most intriguing questions in community ecology remains unanswered: Are ecological communities open assemblages with each species reacting individually ro environmental change, or are they integrated units consisting of multispecies assemblages acting in concert? I address this question for marine organisms by examining the taxonomic composition and diversity of Indo-Pacific reef coral communities that have undergone repeated global change between 125 and 30 Ka (thousand years before present) Investigation of community constancy through time relies on two critical questions: (1) Are there significant differences in taxonomic composition among communities from different times? and if not, (2) Are the observed patterns in temporal similarity significantly different from Expected patterns resulting from a random sampling of the available within-habitat species pool? Constancy in taxonomic composition and species richness of Pleistocene reef coral assemblages is maintained through a 95-k.y. interval in the raised reef terraces of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Fossil reef coral assemblages show limited membership in species composition despite repeated exposure to marked fluctuations in sea level (up to 120 m) and sea-surface temperatures (up to 6 degrees C). During the 95-k.y. interval, the reefs experienced nine cycles of perturbation and subsequent reassembly with similar species composition. Spatial differences in reef coral species composition were greater among the three study sites than amen reefs of different ages. Thus local environmental parameters associated with riverine and terrestrial sources had a greater influence on reef coral composition than global climate and sea level changes, The ecological dynamics of reef communities from Papua NEW Guinea are in marked contrast to those of Quaternary terrestrial and level bottom marine communities which appear to show unlimited community membership on both larger and smaller time scales. Differences in community assembly among ecosystems mean either that coral reefs are fundamentally different or that different ecological patterns and processes are occurring at different temporal scales. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR TROP PALEOECOL & ARCHAEOL,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 115 TC 152 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 7 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD SPR PY 1996 VL 22 IS 2 BP 152 EP 176 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA UN121 UT WOS:A1996UN12100003 ER PT J AU Wells, JC Oberacker, VE Strayer, MR Umar, AS AF Wells, JC Oberacker, VE Strayer, MR Umar, AS TI Convergence of a lattice calculation for bound-free muon-pair production in peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; FERMIONS; FIELDS; ENERGIES; TIME AB We have developed a nonperturbative treatment of bound-free lepton-pair production caused by the strong and sharply pulsed electromagnetic fields generated by heavy ions in peripheral, relativistic collisions based on the solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation using lattice techniques. In this paper, we discuss refinements and extensions of our numerical methods for this problem and demonstrate convergent calculations, with respect to the parameters of the lattice, for bound-free muon-pair production in collisions near grazing incidence of U-238(92+)+U-238(92+) and beam kinetic energies of 30 GeV per nucleon in the fixed-target frame. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,CTR COMPUTAT INTENS PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. RP Wells, JC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Umar, Ahmet/J-4125-2013; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Umar, Ahmet/0000-0002-9267-5253; Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1996 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1498 EP 1504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.1498 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TY087 UT WOS:A1996TY08700038 ER PT J AU Rowan, R Whitney, SM Fowler, A Yellowlees, D AF Rowan, R Whitney, SM Fowler, A Yellowlees, D TI Rubisco in marine symbiotic dinoflagellates: Form II enzymes in eukaryotic oxygenic phototrophs encoded by a nuclear multigene family SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CARBON-DIOXIDE FIXATION; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MESSENGER-RNA; ZOOXANTHELLAE; EUGLENA; GENE; EVOLUTION; PROTEIN AB Genes encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) were cloned from dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodinium spp) of the giant clam Tridacna gigas and characterized. Strikingly, Symbiodinium Rubisco is completely different from other eukaryotic (form I) Rubiscos: it is a form II enzyme that is similar to 65% identical to Rubisco from Rhodospirillum rubrum (Rubisco forms I and II are similar to 25 to 30% identical); it is nuclear encoded by a multigene family; and the predominantly expressed Rubisco is encoded as a precursor polyprotein. One clone appears to contain a predominantly expressed Rubisco locus (rbcA), as determined by RNA gel blot analysis of Symbiodinium RNA and sequencing of purified Rubisco protein. Another contains an enigmatic locus (rbcG) that exhibits an unprecedented pattern of amino acid replacement but does not appear to be a pseudogene. The expression of rbcG has not been analyzed; it was detected only in the minor of two taxa of Symbiodinium that occur together in T. gigas. This study confirms and describes a previously unrecognized branch of Rubisco's evolution: a eukaryotic form II enzyme that participates in oxygenic photosynthesis and is encoded by a diverse, nuclear multigene family. C1 JAMES COOK UNIV N QUEENSLAND,DEPT MOLEC SCI,TOWNSVILLE,QLD 4811,AUSTRALIA. AUSTRALIAN INST MARINE SCI,TOWNSVILLE,QLD 4810,AUSTRALIA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV GUAM,MARINE LAB,MANGILAO,GU 96923. RI Whitney, Spencer/C-9266-2009; Yellowlees, David/A-5379-2013 NR 69 TC 133 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 3 BP 539 EP 553 DI 10.1105/tpc.8.3.539 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA UD303 UT WOS:A1996UD30300017 PM 8721755 ER PT J AU Piperno, DR Becker, P AF Piperno, DR Becker, P TI Vegetational history of a site in the central Amazon basin derived from phytolith and charcoal records from natural soils SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TERRA-FIRME FOREST; EVERGREEN RAINFOREST; VENEZUELAN AMAZON; FIRES; MANAUS; BRAZIL AB Analysis of phytoliths and macroscopic charcoal from natural soils near Manaus, Brazil shows that the central Amazonian terra firme forest has not been stable during the Holocene. Phytolith taxonomic composition and radiocarbon ages indicate that a closed forest has continuously existed in the area since at least 4500 yr B.P., but that forest composition and species abundance changed significantly sometime during the Holocene Epoch. There is no evidence that the vegetation experienced swidden cultivation. The distribution and dates of the charcoal in the soils indicate that forest fires between 1795 and 550 yr B.P. burned an area of about 200 hectares. Vegetational changes and fires appear to be a result of climatic drying that may have affected large areas of the Amazon Basin over the past 5000 to 7000 years. Soil phytolith analysis is a promising tool for the study of environmental history in the humid tropics and may reduce the previous dependence on lake and swamp sediments, at least for the Holocene Epoch. (C) 1996 University of Washington. C1 UNIV BRUNEI,DEPT BIOL,GADONG 3186,BRUNEI. RP Piperno, DR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 32 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 45 IS 2 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1006/qres.1996.0020 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA UK235 UT WOS:A1996UK23500008 ER PT J AU Cambre, RC Buick, WW AF Cambre, RC Buick, WW TI Special challenges of maintaining wild animals in captivity in North America SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE environmental safety; regulation; wildlife husbandry; zoonoses AB The maintenance of wild animals in captivity in North America is regulated by a number of different laws and government agencies in each country. Member institutions of zoo and aquarium associations in Canada, the United States of America and Mexico experience an extra tier of regulation in the form of industry standards, which are sometimes stricter than those imposed by government. Climate, natural disasters and harmful pest species all contribute to the challenge of keeping animals in certain locales. Vigilance against zoonotic disease transmission is maintained through industry and government-mandated sanitation standards, which are fortified by reporting regulations of local, regional and Federal health agencies. Current controversies in the keeping of particular taxa in North America include the threat to non-human primate breeding programmes precipitated by strict new import regulations, the fear of herpesvirus B infection and commercial airline transport bans. Successive human fatalities among elephant handlers have prompted the industry and governments to re-examine the manner in which these potentially dangerous creatures are maintained in captivity. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,NOAHS,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP Cambre, RC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ANIM HLTH,3000 CONNECTICUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 251 EP 266 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UH727 UT WOS:A1996UH72700016 PM 8924709 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Holidays and festivals index: A descriptive guide to information on more than 3,000 holidays - Henderson,H, Puckett,B SO RQ LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0033-7072 J9 RQ JI RQ PD SPR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 3 BP 413 EP 414 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA UL136 UT WOS:A1996UL13600026 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Wild planet!: 1,001 extraordinary events for the inspired traveler - Clynes,T SO RQ LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0033-7072 J9 RQ JI RQ PD SPR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 3 BP 424 EP 425 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA UL136 UT WOS:A1996UL13600043 ER PT J AU Rutzler, K Feller, IC AF Rutzler, K Feller, IC TI Caribbean mangrove swamps SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP Rutzler, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 3 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 274 IS 3 BP 94 EP 99 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TW013 UT WOS:A1996TW01300036 ER PT J AU HEYMAN, IM AF HEYMAN, IM TI SMITHSONIAN PERSPECTIVES + KNOWLEDGE IS BEST ADVANCED BY A CAREFUL BALANCING OF RESEARCH, COLLECTIONS AND EDUCATION SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP HEYMAN, IM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD MAR PY 1996 VL 26 IS 12 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA TX288 UT WOS:A1996TX28800001 ER PT J AU DOHERTY, J AF DOHERTY, J TI THE ARCTIC-NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE, THE BEST OF THE LAST WILD PLACES + HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON THE ORIGINS OF ONE OF THE LARGEST AND CONTROVERSIAL PROTECTED-WILDERNESS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Article RP DOHERTY, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD MAR PY 1996 VL 26 IS 12 BP 32 EP & PG 0 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA TX288 UT WOS:A1996TX28800004 ER PT J AU BOND, C AF BOND, C TI FABERGE LABOR OF LOVE, A CASE OF CHERCHEZ-LA-FEMME + CIGARETTE CASES MADE IN THE ST-PETERSBURG WORKSHOPS BETWEEN 1901-1915 AND SINCE BEQUEATHED TO THE MUSEE-DES-ARTS-DECORATIFS BY THE FRENCH SECRET-AGENT LUARCHE-DAZAY,CHARLES,ANTOINE,ROGER SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Article RP BOND, C (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD MAR PY 1996 VL 26 IS 12 BP 84 EP & PG 0 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA TX288 UT WOS:A1996TX28800008 ER PT J AU Reingold, N AF Reingold, N TI Patronage, practice, and the culture of American science: Alexander Dallas Bache and the US Coast Survey - Slotten,HR SO STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review ID UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY RP Reingold, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0039-3681 J9 STUD HIST PHILOS SCI JI Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1016/0039-3681(95)00030-5 PG 15 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA XC121 UT WOS:A1996XC12100006 PM 11618900 ER PT J AU MILLER, LB AF MILLER, LB TI PAPERS OF THORNTON,WILLIAM, VOL 1, 1781-1802 - HARRIS,CM, PRESTON,D SO VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review RP MILLER, LB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOC PI RICHMOND PA BOX 7311, RICHMOND, VA 23221 SN 0042-6636 J9 VA MAG HIST BIOG JI VA. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 104 IS 2 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC History SC History GA UP917 UT WOS:A1996UP91700007 ER PT J AU Graves, GR AF Graves, GR TI Censusing wintering populations of Swainson's warblers: Surveys in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Census methods developed for breeding populations of Nearctic-Neotropic migrant passerines are largely ineffective for determining the distribution and abundance of Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) on its wintering grounds in the Caribbean basin. Using playback of tape-recorded call notes interspersed with advertising songs, I found the warbler to be widespread and relatively common in montane forests of the Blue Mountains of Jamaica. Detection rates with playback varied from 17.8 to 29.2 warblers/10 h along five census transects. Census efficiency was increased by an estimated factor of five to 10 times with the use of tape playback. RP Graves, GR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 108 IS 1 BP 94 EP 103 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA TZ818 UT WOS:A1996TZ81800008 ER PT J AU Kaplan, L Heller, EJ AF Kaplan, L Heller, EJ TI Overcoming the wall in the semiclassical baker's map SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC-ORBITS; TRANSFORMATION; DYNAMICS; LONG; QUANTIZATION; CHAOS AB A major barrier in semiclassical calculations for chaotic systems is the exponential increase in the number of terms at long times. Using an analogy with spin-chain partition functions, we overcome this ''exponential wall'' for the baker's map, reducing to order NT3/2 the number of operations needed to evolve an N-state system for T time steps. This method enables us to obtain semiclassical results up to the Heisenberg time and beyond, providing new insight as to the accuracy of the semiclassical approximation. The semiclassical result is often correct; its breakdown is nonuniform. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Kaplan, L (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 26 PY 1996 VL 76 IS 9 BP 1453 EP 1456 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.1453 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TW700 UT WOS:A1996TW70000013 ER PT J AU Tateyama, CE Inoue, M Krichbaum, TP Baath, LB Kameno, S Rogers, AEE Alberdi, A Backer, DC Bartel, N Booth, RS Burke, BF Carlstrom, JE Dhawan, V Dickman, RL Emerson, DT Hirabayashi, H Hodges, MW Graham, DA Johnston, KJ Kobayashi, H Kus, AJ Padin, S Plambeck, RL Predmore, CR Quirrenbach, A Lawrence, CR Lamb, J Marcaide, JM Morimoto, M Ronnang, BO Shapiro, II Spencer, JH Witzel, A Woody, D Wright, MCH AF Tateyama, CE Inoue, M Krichbaum, TP Baath, LB Kameno, S Rogers, AEE Alberdi, A Backer, DC Bartel, N Booth, RS Burke, BF Carlstrom, JE Dhawan, V Dickman, RL Emerson, DT Hirabayashi, H Hodges, MW Graham, DA Johnston, KJ Kobayashi, H Kus, AJ Padin, S Plambeck, RL Predmore, CR Quirrenbach, A Lawrence, CR Lamb, J Marcaide, JM Morimoto, M Ronnang, BO Shapiro, II Spencer, JH Witzel, A Woody, D Wright, MCH TI Global 3- and 7-mm VLBI observations of OJ 287 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects; galaxies, active; galaxies, individual (OJ 287); radio sources, variable ID LACERTAE OBJECT OJ-287; POLARIZED RADIO OUTBURSTS; BL LACERTAE; SUPERLUMINAL MOTION; FLUX-DENSITY; 43 GHZ; BLAZARS AB We, present new results from global VLBI observations of the highly active blazar OJ 287 at 7 and 3 mm wavelengths. We show the first map of the mas to sub-mas structure of OJ 287 at 43 GHz and discuss this image in the context with models of the source structure seen at 100 GHz. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO, ESCOLA POLITECN, CRAAE, BR-05424970 SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. ONSALA SPACE OBSERV, S-43900 ONSALA, SWEDEN. NE RADIO OBSERV CORP, HAYSTACK OBSERV, WESTFORD, MA 01886 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI, SAGAMIHARA, KANAGAWA 229, JAPAN. INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA, E-18080 GRANADA, SPAIN. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NRAO, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, OWENS VALLEY OBSERV, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. RAMAN RES INST, BANGALORE 560012, KARNATAKA, INDIA. NICHOLAS COPERNICUS UNIV, TORUN RADIO OBSERV, TORUN, POLAND. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. RP NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERV, NAO, MINAMISA KU, NAGANO 38413, JAPAN. RI M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014 OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD FEB 25 PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1093/pasj/48.1.37 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TX404 UT WOS:A1996TX40400007 ER PT J AU Dalgarno, A Kirby, K Stancil, PC AF Dalgarno, A Kirby, K Stancil, PC TI The radiative association of Li+ and H, Li and H+, and Li and H SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, abundances; molecular processes ID EARLY UNIVERSE; MOLECULES; X1SIGMA+; A1SIGMA+; CURVES; STATES; 3PI; HE+ AB The rate coefficients for formation of LiH+ and LiH by radiative association are determined for temperatures between 50 and 5000 K by quantum mechanical methods. The rate coefficients generally decrease slowly with temperature and have magnitudes at 300 K of 7.5 x 10(-23), 3.3 x 10(-15), and 3.3 x 10(-20) cm(3) s(-1) for Li+ + H, Li + H+, and Li + H, respectively. Radiative association cross sections and ab initio potentials and dipole moments for the ground and 2(2) Sigma(+) states of LiH+ are also given. We briefly discuss the importance of these formation rates for the lithium chemistry of the early universe. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 23 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 2 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1086/176823 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU810 UT WOS:A1996TU81000001 ER PT J AU Stancil, PC Lepp, S Dalgarno, A AF Stancil, PC Lepp, S Dalgarno, A TI The lithium chemistry of the early universe SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early universe; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ID PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULES AB A comprehensive chemistry of lithium in the postrecombination epoch is presented, and calculations are carried out of the abundances of Li, Li+, Li-, LiH, and LiH+ as a function of redshift z for several cosmological models. Atomic lithium is found to recombine at a redshift of about 450 but to remain significantly ionized with a fractional ionization of approximately 0.3 as z --> 0 due to the scarcity of electrons after hydrogen recombination. With the inclusion of a new quantal rate coefficient for the radiative association of lithium and hydrogen, the calculated fractional abundance of LiH is about 100 times smaller than in previous studies. The inclusion of additional gas-phase chemical reactions results in a further reduction by another factor of about 100. The fractional abundance of LiH+ is predicted to approach 10% of that of the neutral LiH as z --> 0, but LiH+ is much less abundant than LiH for z > 30. The fraction of lithium that is taken up in molecular form in the postrecombination epoch is predicted to be about 10(-7). Such small molecular abundances indicate that Thomson scattering between cosmic background radiation (CBR) photons and primordial LiH and LiH+ plays an insignificant role in erasing primary anisotropies in the CBR field. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Stancil, PC (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,WM KECK LAB COMPUTAT PHYS,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. NR 38 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 2 BP 401 EP 406 DI 10.1086/176824 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU810 UT WOS:A1996TU81000002 ER PT J AU Kolatt, T Dekel, A Ganon, G Willick, JA AF Kolatt, T Dekel, A Ganon, G Willick, JA TI Simulating our cosmological neighborhood: Mock catalogs for velocity analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, theory; galaxies, distances and redshifts; methods, numerical ID REDSHIFT-DISTANCE SAMPLES; CONSTRAINED REALIZATIONS; DENSITY FIELDS; IRAS GALAXIES; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; GAUSSIAN FIELDS; UNIVERSE; CLUSTERS; RECONSTRUCTION AB We describe the construction of an N-body simulation that mimics the true velocity and mass-density fields in a box of side 256 h(-1) Mpc about the Local Group, and the production of mock catalogs that mimic in detail current catalogs of redshifts and peculiar velocities. Our main purpose is to provide a tool for developing and testing reconstruction methods, but the different components of the method can be used on their own in other applications. The initial conditions in the present application are based on the IRAS 1.2 Jy redshift survey, assuming that galaxies trace mass and Omega = 1. A density field smoothed with a Gaussian of radius 5 h(-1) Mpc is recovered from the redshift survey, using quasi-linear theory and a power-preserving filter. The corresponding potential field is traced back to the linear regime using the Zeldovich-Bernoulli equation. Small-scale power is added by means of constrained realization to mimic fluctuations on galactic scales. The gravitating system is evolved forward in time with a particle-mesh code of 2 h(-1) Mpc resolution and stopped when sigma(g) = 0.7. The result reproduces the real dynamical structures on large scales and the statistical properties of the structure down to galactic scales. ''Galaxies'' are identified via a linear biasing scheme (b = 1.35), and they are divided into ''spirals'' and ''ellipticals'' to obey Dressier's morphology-density relation. The galaxies are assigned internal velocity parameters (eta) and absolute magnitudes scattered about an assumed mean Tully-Fisher relation. They are then ''observed'' as magnitude-limited samples, trying to mimic the selection criteria of the data sets constituting the Mark III catalog of peculiar velocities. Artifical IRAS 1.2 Jy redshift surveys are also compiled. The simulations and mock catalogs will be made available electronically as benchmarks for testing reconstruction methods. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,RACAH INST PHYS,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91101. RP Kolatt, T (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 52 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 2 BP 419 EP 434 DI 10.1086/176826 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU810 UT WOS:A1996TU81000004 ER PT J AU Siemiginowska, A Czerny, B Kostyunin, V AF Siemiginowska, A Czerny, B Kostyunin, V TI Evolution of an accretion disk in an active galactic nucleus SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies, active; quasars, general ID ROSSELAND OPACITY TABLES; X-RAY REFLECTION; BLACK-HOLES; THERMAL-INSTABILITY; CONTINUUM EMISSION; BINARY-SYSTEMS; VISCOUS DISKS; OUTER REGIONS; LIMIT-CYCLE; COLD MATTER AB We present results of the modeling of thermal-viscous ionization instabilities in accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This instability, analogous to the instability which drives outbursts in cataclysmic variables or X-ray transients, is expected also to occur in accretion disks around supermassive black holes unless self-gravity effects or irradiation prevents the existence of the partial ionization zone (which causes the instability). We assume that viscosity scales with the gas pressure (beta-viscosity). We discuss in detail evolution of the accretion disk around an M(bh) = 10(8) M. black hole mass, assuming a range of accretion rates corresponding to luminosities between 10(-5) and 1, in Eddington units. We show that the ionization instability does operate in such disks. Depending on the viscosity, the instability can develop in a very narrow unstable zone, thus causing a flickering, or can propagate over the entire disk, resulting in the large-amplitude outbursts on timescales of order 10(3)-10(5) yr. As a consequence: (1) AGNs are not always in their active state, and (2) the emitted optical-UV spectra are quite different from the spectrum of a thin, stationary accretion disk. External irradiation is shown to have a large effect on the instability and on the emitted optical-UV spectra. We briefly consider observational consequences. C1 COPERNICUS ATRON CTR,PL-00716 WARSAW,POLAND. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST ASTRON,MOSCOW 109017,RUSSIA. RP Siemiginowska, A (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,M-S 4,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Czerny, Bozena/A-2363-2015 OI Czerny, Bozena/0000-0001-5848-4333 NR 76 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 2 BP 491 EP 507 DI 10.1086/176831 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU810 UT WOS:A1996TU81000009 ER PT J AU Digel, SW Lyder, DA Philbrick, AJ Puche, D Thaddeus, P AF Digel, SW Lyder, DA Philbrick, AJ Puche, D Thaddeus, P TI A large-scale CO survey toward W3, W4, and W5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy, structure; ISM, clouds; ISM, individual (W3, W4, W5); ISM, molecules; radio lines, ISM ID MOLECULAR CLOUD COMPLEXES; 1ST GALACTIC QUADRANT; H-II REGIONS; SOLAR CIRCLE; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; OUTER GALAXY; MILKY-WAY; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; IRAS SOURCES; ARM AB A CO J = 1-0 survey of the outer Galaxy toward W3, W4, and W5 is described. The bright molecular emission in the W3 region in the Perseus arm is prominent, and little emission is seen at greater Galactocentric distances. The extensive local emission in the survey contains the large molecular cloud complex associated with Cam OB1. Between the local and Perseus arm emission, a nearly empty gap in velocity is seen across the entire longitude range. On the assumptions that the kinematically derived width of the gap is the true width and that the X ratio is constant, the arm-interarm contrast of CO is greater than or equal to 25:1 in surface density. A few clouds are detected beyond the Perseus arm, and only one cloud, already known, is detected at extreme Galactocentric distances, beyond the Perseus and outer arms. The cumulative mass distribution of the clouds in the Perseus arm has power-law index 0.65 +/- 0.15, and the clouds there are systematically less luminous in CO by a factor 3.5 +/- 2 than clouds near the solar circle. The distribution of molecular gas with Galactocentric distance in the outer Galaxy is compared with that of luminous Infrared Astronomy Satellite point sources that trace massive star-forming regions. The agreement is generally good, with evidence for enhanced star formation relative to the surface density of molecular gas in the W3 region and perhaps also in the outer arm. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS,DOMINION RADIO ASTROPHYS OBSERV,PENTICTON,BC V2A 6K3,CANADA. RP Digel, SW (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 72,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 2 BP 561 EP 575 DI 10.1086/176839 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU810 UT WOS:A1996TU81000017 ER PT J AU Zaccheo, TS Gonsalves, RA Nisenson, P Ebstein, SM AF Zaccheo, TS Gonsalves, RA Nisenson, P Ebstein, SM TI Estimating the Cramer-Rao bound for astronomical observations: Application to the Richardson-Lucy algorithm SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods, analytical; methods, data analysis AB This work addresses the problem of assigning confidence intervals to restored data obtained by applying the Richardson-Lucy algorithm to astronomical observations. The proposed solution is to estimate the Cramer-Rao bound, which describes the minimum obtainable mean square error associated with a given estimate of a parameter. This paper presents a compact method for describing the bound for Richardson-Lucy estimates. It was developed based on previously described bounds for linear restoration techniques such as Wiener filter estimates. Both one- and two-dimensional examples are presented. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Zaccheo, TS (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,MEDFORD,MA 02155, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 2 BP 742 EP & DI 10.1086/176854 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU810 UT WOS:A1996TU81000032 ER PT J AU Wood, K Kenyon, SJ Whitney, BA Bjorkman, JE AF Wood, K Kenyon, SJ Whitney, BA Bjorkman, JE TI Magnetic accretion and photopolarimetric variability in T Tauri stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; polarization; radiative transfer; stars, magnetic fields; stars, pre-main-sequence; stars, rotation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; DISK ACCRETION; NEUTRON STARS; EVOLUTION; SCATTERING; ENVELOPES; EMISSION; SYSTEMS; BINARY AB We investigate the photopolarimetric variability of a magnetic accretion disk model for pre-main-sequence T Tauri stars. In these dynamical models, material from a magnetically truncated Keplerian disk accretes along magnetic field lines onto the stellar surface at high latitudes, producing ''hot spots'' on the stellar photosphere. These spots have been proposed as the origin of the UV excesses in T Tauri stars. As the star rotates, the observed UV excess varies, as will the polarization arising from the intrinsically polarized spot the radiation of which is also scattered in the circumstellar disk. We calculate the photopolarimetric variability for a simple magnetic accretion model in which the hot spots are two diametrically opposed, circular regions with temperatures much larger than the surrounding photosphere. Our Monte Carlo calculations show that the predicted amplitudes of the photopolarimetric variability are consistent with those observed in T Tauri stars. This model predicts correlations between the brightness and polarization that can be tested with synoptic observations. The model also predicts quasi-periodic variations if the hot spots remain relatively fixed on the stellar surface on timescales comparable to the rotation period. C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 01238. RP Wood, K (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,475 N CHARTER ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 2 BP L79 EP L82 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU811 UT WOS:A1996TU81100007 ER PT J AU Johnson, GD Baldwin, CC Okiyama, M Tominaga, Y AF Johnson, GD Baldwin, CC Okiyama, M Tominaga, Y TI Osteology and relationships of Pseudotrichonotus altivelis (Teleostei:Aulopiformes:Pseudotrichonotidae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pseudotrichonotus; aulopiformes; lizardfishes; osteology; phylogeny ID PHYLOGENY; FISHES AB The osteology of the rare Japanese fish Pseudotrichonotus altivelis is described based on several specimens collected off the Izu Peninsula. Relationships of Pseudotrichonotus are discussed based on osteological comparisons with other neoteleosts. The placement of Pseudotrichonotus among iniomous fishes has been questioned because of its lower numbers of caudal-fin, pelvic-fin, and branchiostegal rays. Our investigation supports an iniomous affinity for Pseudotrichonotus, specifically as a member of the Aulopiformes. Within that group, Pseudotrichonotus belongs in a new suborder diagnosed herein, the Synodontoidei, which also includes the Aulopidae (Aulopus), Synodontidae (Synodus and Trachinocephalus), and Harpadontidae (Harpadon and Saurida). A synodontoid affinity for Aulopus has never been suggested, but numerous osteological features support the monophyly of this clade. Synodontoids have a peculiar proximal segmentation of most principal caudal-fin rays, expanded neural and haemal spines on posterior vertebrae, cartilage extending along the ventral margin of the anterior ceratohyal, ventral displacement of the first one to three epineurals, supraneurals with large laminar expansions and six or more branchiostegals on the posterior ceratohyal. They lack median caudal cartilages. Among synodontoids, Pseudotrichonotus is the sister group of the Synodontidae plus Harpadontidae, with which it shares paired peritoneal pigment spots, an abrupt transition between the epipleurals in and beneath the horizontal septum, and absence of the fourth pharyngobranchial toothplate. Our study does not support a previously proposed relationship between Bathysaurus and synodontids. C1 UNIV TOKYO, OCEAN RES INST, NAKANO KU, TOKYO 164, JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO MUSUEM, BUNKYO KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. RP Johnson, GD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DIV FISHES, MRC 159, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 1996 VL 43 IS 1 BP 17 EP 45 DI 10.1007/BF02589606 PG 29 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA UR825 UT WOS:A1996UR82500004 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, S TI Offspring - Strong,J SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 15 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 3 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TV123 UT WOS:A1996TV12300175 ER PT J AU Jungman, G Kamionkowski, M Kosowsky, A Spergel, DN AF Jungman, G Kamionkowski, M Kosowsky, A Spergel, DN TI Weighing the universe with the cosmic microwave background SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Variations in Omega, the total density of the Universe, leave an imprint on the power spectrum of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We evaluate the precision with which Omega can be determined by a CMB map as a function of sky coverage, pixel noise, and beam size. Assuming only that the primordial density perturbations were adiabatic and with no prior information on the values of any other cosmological parameters, a full-sky CMB map at 0.5 degrees angular resolution and a noise level of 15 mu K per pixel can determine Omega with a standard error of 5%. If all other cosmological parameters are fixed. Omega can be measured to better than 1%. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV, DEPT PHYS, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. HARVARD UNIV, LYMAN LAB, DEPT PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT ASTROPHYS SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RP SYRACUSE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, SYRACUSE, NY 13244 USA. RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011 NR 24 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 1996 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1007 EP 1010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.1007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA UB363 UT WOS:A1996UB36300001 ER PT J AU GINGERICH, O AF GINGERICH, O TI HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE CD-ROM ARCHIVE SO NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW LA English DT Software Review RP GINGERICH, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK TIMES PI NEW YORK PA 229 W 43RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036-3959 SN 0028-7806 J9 NEW YORK TIMES BK R JI N. Y. Times Book Rev. PD FEB 11 PY 1996 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA TT872 UT WOS:A1996TT87200016 ER PT J AU Pyne, T Birkinshaw, M AF Pyne, T Birkinshaw, M TI Beyond the thin lens approximation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, theory; gravitation; gravitational lensing ID DISTANCE-REDSHIFT RELATION; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; INHOMOGENEOUS UNIVERSES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM AB We obtain analytic formulae for the null geodesics of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes with scalar perturbations in the longitudinal gauge. From these we provide a rigorous derivation of the cosmological lens equation and obtain an expression for the magnification of a bundle of light rays without restriction to static or thin lens scenarios. We show how the usual magnification matrix naturally emerges in the appropriate limits. RP Pyne, T (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1086/176791 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TT075 UT WOS:A1996TT07500004 ER PT J AU Vari, RP Blackledge, TA AF Vari, RP Blackledge, TA TI New curimatid, Cyphocharax laticlavius (Ostariophysi, Characiformes), from Amazonian Ecuador, with a major range extension for C-gouldingi SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Cyphocharax laticlavius, new species, is described from Amazonian Ecuador. It is distinguished from congeners by the combination of a dark midlateral stripe originating at the hypural joint and extending to at least the vertical line through the midbase of the dorsal fin, possession of 31 or 32 pored lateral-line scales, and by the extreme reduction of the sixth infraorbital. The distribution of Cyphocharax gouldingi, previously known only from the eastern portions of the Amazon basin and adjoining drainages of Brazil, is extended to Ecuador. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP Vari, RP (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 2 PY 1996 IS 1 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TU870 UT WOS:A1996TU87000011 ER PT J AU Burch, ES AF Burch, ES TI More on the reliability of oral and traditional history SO AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material RP Burch, ES (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 SN 0094-0496 J9 AM ETHNOL JI Am. Ethnol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 23 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA UN106 UT WOS:A1996UN10600008 ER PT J AU Langley, HD AF Langley, HD TI One hundred years of sea power: The US Navy, 1890-1990 - Baer,GW SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Langley, HD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 259 EP 259 DI 10.2307/2169386 PG 1 WC History SC History GA TX878 UT WOS:A1996TX87800168 ER PT J AU Washburn, WE AF Washburn, WE TI Untitled SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP Washburn, WE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC History SC History GA TX878 UT WOS:A1996TX87800195 ER PT J AU Standke, KJ Quirrenbach, A Krichbaum, TP Witzel, A Otterbein, K Alef, W Eckart, A Alberdi, A Marcaide, JM Ros, E Lesch, H Steffen, W Kraus, A Zensus, JA AF Standke, KJ Quirrenbach, A Krichbaum, TP Witzel, A Otterbein, K Alef, W Eckart, A Alberdi, A Marcaide, JM Ros, E Lesch, H Steffen, W Kraus, A Zensus, JA TI The intraday variable quasar 0917+624: VLBI and X-ray observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies, jets; quasars, QSO 0917+624; X-rays, galaxies; radio continuum, galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL LACERTAE; POLARIZATION CHANGES; RAPID VARIABILITY; COMPLETE SAMPLE; EMISSION; OUTBURSTS; SCATTERING; OBJECTS AB We present the first VLBI images of the extremely rapidly variable radio source 0917+624, at frequencies ranging from 2.3 to 22 GHz. They reveal a compact core containing similar to 75% of the total flux density, and a jet extending to the northwest at position angle -20 degrees. The jet is curved on the sub-milliarcsecond scale, and one of the jet components is elongated perpendicular to the jet direction. This component displays apparent superluminal motion with a speed of beta(app)h = 7.8 +/- 0.8(1)). A first detection of X-rays from 0917+624 with the ROSAT satellite enables us to estimate the magnetic field and the Doppler factor from synchrotron self-Compton theory. The observational results are compared with models for the rapid variability. The orientation of the jet on the sky is consistent with a prediction from two-component models that were developed to explain the polarization variations in 0917+624. The physical parameters derived from the new observations can be accomodated both by intrinsic (shock-in-jet or coherent emission) and extrinsic (interstellar scattering) explanations of the variability. C1 MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. UNIV BONN, GEODAT IST, D-53115 BONN, GERMANY. USN OBSERV, NRL, USNO OPT INTERFEROMETER PROJECT, WASHINGTON, DC 20392 USA. UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 USA. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. CSIC, INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA, E-18080 GRANADA, SPAIN. UNIV VALENCIA, DEPT ASTRON, E-46100 BURJASSOT, SPAIN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV, SOCORRO, NM 87801 USA. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 306 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TV308 UT WOS:A1996TV30800009 ER PT J AU Lepp, S Dalgarno, A AF Lepp, S Dalgarno, A TI X-ray-induced chemistry of interstellar clouds SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE ISM, molecules; X-rays, galaxies; X-rays, interstellar ID PHOTOIONIZATION RATES; MOLECULAR CLOUD; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB Calculations are reported of the molecular abundances in a cloud subjected to varying ionizing fluxes and attention is drawn to the molecules which survive as the intensity is increased. The calculations support the suggestion of Phillips & Lazio (1995) that the absence of HCO+ near the hard X-ray source 1E1740.7-2942 may be due to a high X-ray flux. The calculations also raise the possibility that the anomalous HCN/CO ratio observed in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068 may be a consequence of X-ray ionization. High abundances are predicted for CN and NO. Observations of these may serve to distinguish between the different scenarios. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Lepp, S (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA, DEPT PHYS, 4505 MARYLAND PKWY, LAS VEGAS, NV 89154 USA. NR 17 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 306 IS 2 BP L21 EP L24 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TV547 UT WOS:A1996TV54700001 ER PT J AU Hernius, O Lagerkvist, CI Lindgren, M Williams, GV Tancredi, G AF Hernius, O Lagerkvist, CI Lindgren, M Williams, GV Tancredi, G TI Astrometry of outer Jovian satellites from the Uppsala-ESO survey of asteroids and comets (UESAC) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites, satellites of Jupiter; astrometry AB In the course of The Uppsala-ESO Survey of Asteroids and Comets astrometric positions of the faint outer Jovian satellites J VI-XIII were obtained from photographic plates and films taken at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile and at the Angle-Australian Observatory, Siding Spring, Australia C1 ASTRON OBSERV,S-75120 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. OBSERV,SF-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,MINOR PLANET CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. FAC CIENCIAS,DEPT ASTRON,MONTEVIDEO 11200,URUGUAY. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 115 IS 2 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TT887 UT WOS:A1996TT88700009 ER PT J AU Sarazin, X Chantell, MC Fleury, P Pare, E Punch, M Urban, M Vacanti, G Weekes, TC AF Sarazin, X Chantell, MC Fleury, P Pare, E Punch, M Urban, M Vacanti, G Weekes, TC TI Observation of the Crab Nebula with an ultraviolet Cherenkov camera SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEV GAMMA-RAYS AB Gamma-ray astronomy at energies of a few hundred GeV is now well established, with the observation of emission from the Crab Nebula by at least five independent groups. The technique is based on the detection of the Cherenkov light emitted by gamma-ray induced air showers. It requires clear, moonless nights, which seriously curtail the useful duty cycle. It is shown here that by detecting the UV Cherenkov photons instead of the full visible Cherenkov spectrum, the observations can be extended to moonlit nights, with lower constraints on the background light from the moon and stars, but with a somewhat higher energy threshold. C1 ECOLE POLYTECH,LPNHE,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. OI Punch, Michael/0000-0002-4710-2165 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0927-6505(95)00042-9 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA UE215 UT WOS:A1996UE21500004 ER PT J AU Willick, JA Courteau, S Faber, SM Burstein, D Dekel, A Kolatt, T AF Willick, JA Courteau, S Faber, SM Burstein, D Dekel, A Kolatt, T TI Homogeneous velocity-distance data for peculiar velocity analysis .2. Calibration of field samples SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe ID PISCES-PERSEUS SUPERCLUSTER; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; 21 CM SURVEY; LOCAL SUPERCLUSTER; SPIRAL GALAXIES; DENSITY FIELDS; WIDTH RELATION; SCALE; +27.5-DEGREES; CLUSTERS AB This is the second in a series of papers in which we assemble and analyze a homogeneous catalog of peculiar velocity data In Paper I, we treated two Tully-Fisher (TF) cluster samples. Here, we study four TF field samples: the I-band sample of Mathewson, Ford, & Buchhorn, the r-band samples of Willick and Courteau-Faber, and the H-band sample of Aaronson et al. as revised by Tormen & Burstein. In Paper III, we will combine these spiral samples with elliptical data to form the Mark III Catalog of Galaxy Peculiar Velocities, which will be used as input for POTENT and other velocity analyses. We derive the TF slope and scatter separately for each sample, correcting for selection biases and self-consistency determining internal-extinction coefficients. We find no evidence for a luminosity dependence of internal extinction. We fit both forward and inverse TF relations and, by comparing the two, validate the bias corrections applied to the forward fits. By matching TF distances for several hundred galaxies common to two or more samples, we determine the relative zero points of the various TF relations, The global zero point is set by the Han-Mould TF calibration carried out in Paper I. We calibrate the TF relations after grouping field galaxies in redshift space, making conservative use of preliminary TF relations based on Hubble flow distances. The differences between the preliminary and final TF scatter estimates indicate typical radial peculiar velocities of similar to 250-300 km s(-1). We find observed scatters sigma(TF) approximate to 0.38-0.43 mag for the r- and I-band samples, larger than many recent estimates, and estimate the intrinsic TF scatter to be similar to 0.30 mag. Based on simulated catalogs, we find that our observed scatter estimates are good to less than or similar to 5%. C1 CARNEGIE OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91101. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,KPNO,TUCSON,AZ 85726. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,UNIV CALIF OBSERV,LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,TEMPE,AZ 85287. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,RACAH INST PHYS,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 44 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP 460 EP 489 DI 10.1086/176746 PN 1 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ546 UT WOS:A1996TQ54600002 ER PT J AU Bartelmann, M Loeb, A AF Bartelmann, M Loeb, A TI Gravitational lensing of quasi-stellar objects by their damped Ly alpha absorbers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, theory; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe; quasars, absorption lines ID INTERMEDIATE-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; DISK GALAXIES; LARGE REDSHIFTS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; COLUMN DENSITIES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EVOLUTION; QSOS; DUST AB Damped Ly alpha absorbers are believed to be associated with galactic disks. We show that gravitational lensing call therefore affect the statistics of these systems. First, the magnification bias due to lensing raises faint QSOs above a given magnitude threshold and thereby enhances the probability for observing damped absorption systems. Second, the bending of light rays from the source effectively limits the minimum impact parameter of the line of sight relative to the center of the absorber, thus providing an upper cutoff to the observed neutral hydrogen (H I) column density. The ray bending also reduces a possible obscuration of the QSO by dust. The combination of the lensing effects yields a pronounced peak in the observed abundance of absorbers with high column densities (greater than or similar to 2 x 10(21) cm(-2)) and low redshifts (z(abs) less than or similar to 1) in the spectra of bright QSOs (B less than or similar to 18 mag) with redshifts z(QSO) greater than or similar to 2. The inferred value of the cosmological density parameter of neutral hydrogen, Omega(H I), increases with increasing redshift and luminosity of the sources even if the true H I density remains constant. This trend is consistent with the observed evolution of Omega(H I)(z). Damped Ly alpha absorbers with column densities greater than or similar to 10(21) cm(-2) and redshifts 0.5 less than or similar to z(abs) less than or similar to 1 are reliable flags for lensed QSOs with a close pair of images separated by similar to 0 ''.3 x (upsilon(c)/220 km s(-1))(2), where upsilon(c) is the rotational velocity of the lens. Detection of these gravitational lensing signatures with the Hubble Space Telescope can be used to constrain the depth of the absorber potential wells and the cosmological constant. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014 NR 75 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.1086/176749 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ546 UT WOS:A1996TQ54600005 ER PT J AU Beck, SC Ho, PTP Lacy, JH Kelly, DM AF Beck, SC Ho, PTP Lacy, JH Kelly, DM TI The central star cluster of the star-forming dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, (individual NGC 5253); galaxies, starburst; galaxies, star clusters; H II regions; radio continuum, galaxies; stars, formation ID INFRARED-EMISSION; NGC-5253; NUCLEI; STARBURSTS; SEYFERT AB We have observed the star-forming dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 at optical, radio, and infrared wavelengths. Our data, combined with other observations from the literature, indicate that star formation in this galaxy has proceeded from the outer parts inward and that the center of NGC 5253 is now the site of an obscured, concentrated, and extremely young burst of star formation. The centimeter-wavelength radio continuum spectrum is very flat, which indicates that the radio emission is almost entirely due to thermal emission from H II regions. There is no evidence for synchrotron emission from supernova remnants, which is most unusual for a starburst galaxy. The observed radio continuum flux is consistent with infrared recombination-line observations, with N-Lyc similar to 3 x 10(52) s(-1). The infrared spectrum resembles II Zw 40 and no other star-forming galaxy in that it has strong [S IV] 10.5 mu m emission. We analyze the infrared spectrum with a grid of model H II regions and conclude that the young star cluster is dominated by stars of 42,000-45,000 K. The star cluster is probably a few Myr, and in any case less than 10 Myr, old, and the stellar density in the starburst is 0.5-1 O stars pc(-3). C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,WISE OBSERV,IL-69978 RAMAT AVIV,ISRAEL. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ASTRON,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Beck, SC (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 RAMAT AVIV,ISRAEL. NR 31 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP 610 EP 615 DI 10.1086/176757 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ546 UT WOS:A1996TQ54600013 ER PT J AU Heckman, TM Dahlem, M Eales, SA Weaver, K AF Heckman, TM Dahlem, M Eales, SA Weaver, K TI ROSAT observations of the X-ray nebula around ARP 220 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, individual (Arp 220); X-rays, galaxies ID INFRARED GALAXIES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; STARBURST; QUASARS; ARP-220; GAS; SUPERBUBBLES; HYDROGEN; MODELS; WIND AB We report on the X-ray properties of Arp 220-the most luminous object in the local universe and the nearest, brightest, and best-studied example of the class of ''ultraluminous'' infrared galaxies. New X-ray images and spectra obtained with ROSAT show that the X-ray emission in the 0.1-2.4 keV band is spatially extended with a size of similar to 30 x 11 kpc, has a luminosity of between 4.3 x 10(40) and 2.3 x 10(41) ergs s(-1) (depending on the amount of X-ray absorption), and can be fitted by a thermal spectrum with T similar to 10(7) K. The total thermal energy associated with the hot gas is similar to 2 x 10(57) ergs. At most similar to 20% of the observed X-ray emission can be associated with any single point source (e.g., a ''buried'' QSO). The X-ray nebula bears a strong morphological relationship to the expanding ''double-bubble'' system seen in optical emission-line images. We suggest that the X-ray and optical emission arise as the result of a bipolar ''superwind'' driven out from the nucleus by a starburst or a dust-shrouded QSO. A simple model of an expanding structure driven over a timescale of a few times 10(7) yr by a mechanical luminosity of similar to 10(43) ergs s(-1) into a galactic halo with mean density similar to 10(-2) cm(-3) satisfactorily accounts for ail the observed global X-ray and optical properties of the nebula. Such a mechanical luminosity agrees with estimates for an ultraluminous starburst; however, a QSO-driven wind cannot be ruled out. We note that this energetic outflow in Arp 220 represents a local laboratory to study how newly formed galaxies and/or QSOs may have pumped energy and metals into the intergalactic medium at early epochs. Alternative models for the nebula are less attractive. Gas shock-heated as a result of a galactic merger will probably be too cool (T less than a few times 10(6) K) and would not be expected to have the regular, symmetric morphology we observe in H alpha. Electron scattering of X-rays from a hidden QSO by warm (T < 10(6) K) halo gas underpredicts the total observed X-ray luminosity by more than an order of magnitude. However, it is possible that this mechanism may produce a bright central pair of pointlike X-ray sources that straddle the nucleus, which together account for similar to 40% of the total X-ray emission. Our X-ray images also show a diffuse source located about 2' south-southwest of Arp 220. Optical images show that the source is probably associated with a group or poor duster of galaxies at an estimated redshift of similar to 0.1. This source contributes about half the emission seen in earlier Einstein X-ray observations of Arp 220. C1 UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, CARDIFF CF2 3YB, S GLAM, WALES. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, DEPT SPACE SCI, DIV ASTROPHYS, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. RP Heckman, TM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, HOMEWOOD CAMPUS, 3400 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. NR 58 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP 616 EP + DI 10.1086/176758 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ546 UT WOS:A1996TQ54600014 ER PT J AU Clemens, DP Berkovitch, M Yun, JL Patel, N Xie, TL AF Clemens, DP Berkovitch, M Yun, JL Patel, N Xie, TL TI The dense core, outflow, and ''jet'' in L810: High-resolution Haystack observations at 3 millimeters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, globules; ISM, individual (L810); ISM, jets and outflows; ISM, structure; radio lines, ISM ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; GLOBULE LYNDS-810; STAR FORMATION; DISCOVERY AB We have used the Haystack 37 m radio telescope to obtain high angular resolution spectral line maps of the innermost region of the star-forming Bok globule L810 (CB 205). These maps cover the central 1' x 1' region with a sampling interval of 8''-10''. One map was obtained in the CO (J = 1-0) spectral line in order to identify the source(s) of the high-velocity gas. A CS (J = 2-1) map was obtained in order to find the location and kinematics of dense gas in this cloud core. Finally, a jetlike feature seen in near-infrared images was examined in two lines each of SO and SO2, to search for postshock chemical abundance enhancements. We find a bright 4-11 M(.) CS core associated with both the IRS near-infrared stellar source (identified by Yun et al. 1993) and the IRAS 19433+2743 far-infrared point source. The red and blue CO outflow lobes do appear to originate from IRS/IRAS 19433+2743 and join with the larger scale CO lobes mapped by Xie & Goldsmith (1990). However, the outflow lobes are not symmetrically placed about the IRS source. Instead, the outflow lobes are both offset some 30'' westward of the IRS position, producing a ''swept-back'' appearance. The abundance of SO is not enhanced in the region of the jetlike feature, although CS shows a local intensity maximum there. The apparent location of the near-infrared jetlike feature, in the middle of the newly resolved blue outflow lobe, may be due to either enhanced dust scattering from a preexisting cloud clump located within the outflow or it could signify the presence of a region influenced by a previous epoch of star formation within L810. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV LISBON,DEPT FIS,P-1700 LISBON,PORTUGAL. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MARYLAND,ASTRON PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Clemens, DP (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,725 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. RI Yun, Joao/M-3177-2015 OI Yun, Joao/0000-0002-6413-728X NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1086/176769 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ546 UT WOS:A1996TQ54600025 ER PT J AU Narayan, R McClintock, JE Yi, IS AF Narayan, R McClintock, JE Yi, IS TI A new model for black hole soft X-ray transients in quiescence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries, close; black hole physics; novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays, stars ID NOVA-MUSCAE 1991; DISK-INSTABILITY MODEL; SLIM ACCRETION DISKS; GS 2023+338; DWARF NOVAE; V404 CYGNI; A0620-00; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; OSCILLATIONS AB We present models of the soft X-ray transients, A0620-00, V404 Cyg, and X-ray Nova Mus 1991, in quiescence. In each source, we postulate that there is an outer region, extending outward from about 3000 Schwarzschild radii, where the accretion flow is in the form of a standard thin disk. The outer disk produces most of the radiation we observe in the infrared, optical, and UV bands. We propose that the disk undergoes an instability at its inner edge, perhaps by the mechanism described recently by Meyer & Meyer-Hofmeister (1994) for cataclysmic variables. The accreting gas is thereby converted into a hot corona which flows into the black hole as a nearly virial two-temperature flow. We describe the hot inner flow by means of a recently discovered stable solution of optically thin advection-dominated accretion. In this flow, most of the thermal energy released by viscous dissipation is advected into the black hole and only a small fraction, similar to 10-(4)-10(-3), of the energy is radiated. The radiation is in the form of Comptonized synchrotron and bremsstrahlung emission and has a broad spectrum extending from optical to soft gamma-rays. The models we present are consistent with all the available data in the three sources. In particular, the X-ray emission from the hot inner flow fits the observed flux and spectral index of A0620-00. We derive a mass accretion fate of similar to 10(-11) M(.) yr(-1) in A0620-00 and Nova Mus, and similar to few times 10(-10) M(.) yr(-1) in V404 Cyg. The best fit to the data is obtained for a viscosity parameter alpha similar to 0.1-0.3 in the hot flow. The models predict that all three sources must have substantial flux in hard X-rays and soft gamma-rays. This prediction is testable in the case of V404 Cyg with current instruments. A necessary feature of our proposal is that most of the viscous energy released in the accretion is advected into the black hole without being radiated. The success of the models in fitting the observations therefore indicates that the accreting stars have event horizons and therefore confirms the black hole nature of these stars. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 73 TC 243 Z9 249 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP 821 EP 833 DI 10.1086/176777 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ546 UT WOS:A1996TQ54600033 ER PT J AU Anderson, SW Raymond, JC vanBallegooijen, A AF Anderson, SW Raymond, JC vanBallegooijen, A TI Ultraviolet emission-line intensities and coronal heating by velocity filtration: Collisionless results SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars, atmospheres; Sun, corona; Sun, transition region; Sun, UV radiation ID SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; ENERGY-BALANCE; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IRON IONIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PLASMA; IONS; MECHANISMS AB We test the velocity filtration coronal heating model by calculating predicted UV emission-line intensities for comparison with observed values. The essence of velocity filtration is that a non-Maxwellian particle distribution in a gravitational well can have a temperature that increases with height, without any local heating source. To test this theory, we consider in turn five different non-Maxwellian particle distributions in the lower corona and use the collisionless Vlasov equation to estimate the distribution function f(e)(v, z) at all heights. For each height we calculate the ionization balance, assuming coronal equilibrium, and predict the emission-line intensity for a number of ions for comparison with Skylab data. To facilitate comparisons with observations, we also present apparent emission measures derived from the predicted UV emission lines. Two results stand out: velocity filtration heating (1) can produce an emission measure curve that decreases with temperature, as observed for lines formed below 10(5) K, but (2) cannot simultaneously reproduce the increasing emission measure observed for higher temperature lines. This is precisely the opposite problem faced by most heating models. We conclude that the present version of velocity filtration does not match UV observations, but note that it neglects Coulomb collisions, realistic geometry, and ambipolar diffusion. Our methods will provide a useful test for more complete versions of velocity filtration as they emerge. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Anderson, SW (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN UNIV,PHILLIPS LAB SPACE PHYS,29 RANDOLPH RD,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1086/176787 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ546 UT WOS:A1996TQ54600043 ER PT J AU Baliunas, S Sokoloff, D Soon, W AF Baliunas, S Sokoloff, D Soon, W TI Magnetic field and rotation in lower main-sequence stars: An empirical time-dependent magnetic Bode's relation? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars, magnetic fields; stars, rotation ID EMISSION AB We find a significant correlation between the magnetic and rotational moments for a sample of 112 lower main-sequence stars. The rotational moment is calculated from measurements of the rotation period in most of the stars (not from the projected rotational velocity inferred from Doppler broadening). The magnetic moment is computed from a database of homogeneous measurements of the mean level of Ca II H and K emission fluxes sampled for most of the stars over an interval of 25 yr. The slope connecting the logarithm of the magnetic moment and the logarithm of the rotational moment is about + 0.5-0.6, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of about + 0.9. The scatter of points from the mean relation has a component that is natural and caused by decade-long surface variability. C1 MT WILSON OBSERV,MT WILSON,CA 91023. TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,CTR EXCELLENCE INFORMAT SYST,NASHVILLE,TN 37203. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,CTR COMP,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. RP Baliunas, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 15 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP L99 EP L102 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ548 UT WOS:A1996TQ54800012 ER PT J AU Torrelles, JM Gomez, JF Rodriguez, LF Curiel, S Ho, PTP Garay, G AF Torrelles, JM Gomez, JF Rodriguez, LF Curiel, S Ho, PTP Garay, G TI The thermal radio jet of Cepheus A HW2 and the water maser distribution at 0.''08 scale (60 AU) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM, individual (Cepheus A); ISM, jets and outflows; masers; stars, formation ID STAR; CONTINUUM; BIPOLAR; OUTFLOW AB We report observations of the thermal radio jet in Cepheus A HW2, and the associated water masers, carried out with the highest (0 ''.08) angular resolution available to date at the VLA (A configuration at lambda = 1.3 cm). To calibrate the 1.3 cm continuum emission, we used the strong (similar to 1000 Jy) H2O maser source as the reference, thus correcting the amplitude and phase instabilities introduced by the atmosphere. This powerful technique, first applied here to a star-forming region, allowed us to achieve a dynamic range of 15,000 : 1 for the strongest maser feature, a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 70 : 1 for the radio jet and an accuracy of the order of 1 mas in the relative positions between the radio-continuum jet and the H2O masers in the region. We resolved the 1.3 cm jet into two maxima plus a fainter tail to the southwest. The separation between these two maxima (0 ''.14) and the total size of the jet (0 ''.39) are both consistent with models for a biconical ionized jet. The observed flux density (39 mJy) is, however, higher than expected. We detected 39 H2O maser spots toward the Cepheus A region, 28 of which are associated with the HW2 object, most of them distributed on either sides of the radio jet. We suggest that these latter maser features might be tracing a circumstellar molecular disk of radius similar to 300 AU, nearly perpendicular to the radio jet. The velocity gradient of 30 +/- 10 km s(-1) observed in the H2O spots over 600 AU along the axis perpendicular to the radio jet could be gravitationally bound by a central mass of 70 +/- 40 M.. C1 NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST ASTRON,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CHILE,DEPT ASTRON,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RP Torrelles, JM (reprint author), CSIC,INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA,AP CORREOS 3004,C SANCHO PANZA S-N,E-18080 GRANADA,SPAIN. RI Garay, Guido/H-8840-2013 OI Garay, Guido/0000-0003-1649-7958 NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 2 BP L107 EP L111 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TQ548 UT WOS:A1996TQ54800014 ER PT J AU Gilbert, GS Hubbell, SP AF Gilbert, GS Hubbell, SP TI Plant diseases and the conservation of tropical forests - Conservation planners need to consider the roles diseases play in natural communities SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOST DENSITY; ROOT DISEASE; PATHOGEN; POPULATIONS; RUST; DISTURBANCE; MORTALITY; DISPERSAL; EPIDEMICS; TREES C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT ECOL EVOLUT & BEHAV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP Gilbert, GS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Gilbert, Gregory/C-2595-2008 NR 58 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 1996 VL 46 IS 2 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.2307/1312812 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TR746 UT WOS:A1996TR74600009 ER PT J AU Sinaiko, HW AF Sinaiko, HW TI Citizen espionage: Studies in trust and betrayal - Sarbin,TR, Carney,RM, Eoyang,C SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Sinaiko, HW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MANPOWER RES & ADVISORY SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 41 IS 2 BP 170 EP 172 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TU873 UT WOS:A1996TU87300049 ER PT J AU Littler, MM Littler, DS AF Littler, MM Littler, DS TI Black band disease in the South Pacific SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article ID CORAL DISEASES RP Littler, MM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD FEB PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TZ405 UT WOS:A1996TZ40500003 ER PT J AU Joreau, P French, BM Doukhan, JC AF Joreau, P French, BM Doukhan, JC TI A TEM investigation of shock metamorphism in quartz from the sudbury impact structure (Canada) SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sudbury Structure; shock metamorphism; deformation; twinning; transmission electron microscopy ID PLANAR DEFORMATION FEATURES AB The Sudbury basin in Canada is an elliptical feature (approx. 60 X 27 km in size) that is now widely believed to be part of a large (approx. 200 km diameter) meteorite impact structure which formed about 1.85 Ga ago and was subsequently deformed and metamorphosed. Despite prolonged debate over the origin and original size of the Sudbury structure, strong evidence for meteorite impact has been provided by the discovery in its rocks of a wide range of shock-metamorphic features, especially the optically observable traces (fluid inclusion arrays) of former Planar Deformation Features (PDFs) in quartz parallel to {<10(1)over bar 3>} planes. In this new examination of Sudbury samples, no preserved original PDFs (glassy lamellae) were observed optically in quartz grains from basement rock fragments in the Onaping Formation, a unit interpreted as a 'fallback breccia' deposited within the original crater. However, TEM revealed other thin lamellar features preserved in the quartz; these are identified as Brazil twin lamellae parallel to the basal plane (0001). These lamellae are 15-200 nm thick, show a typical spacing of 30 nm to several microns apart, and are occasionally decorated with fluid inclusions (less than or equal to 0.5 mu m in size), which probably formed during post-shock alteration and annealing. Numerous subgrain boundaries (SGBs) were also detected, many of them oriented roughly parallel to the basal plane (0001). The SGBs apparently formed during post-shock recrystallization, leading to the local disappearance of Brazil twin lamellae. Experimental evidence suggests that such basal Brazil twins are the unique product of high-pressure shock waves. The features in the Sudbury samples are identical to those observed in the Vredefort structure, South Africa, which is also widely accepted as an ancient impact structure about 2.0 Ga old. The recognition of basal Brazil twins in quartz at Sudbury provides additional evidence for meteorite impact origin and also emphasizes the high value of these durable shock features for identifying old and tectonically metamorphosed impact structures. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Joreau, P (reprint author), UNIV SCI & TECH LILLE FLANDRES ARTOIS,STRUCT & PROPRIETES ETAT SOLIDE LAB,URA 234,F-59655 VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00236-6 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TZ993 UT WOS:A1996TZ99300011 ER PT J AU Whipple, FL AF Whipple, FL TI On the aging of comets SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Small Bodies in the Solar System and Their Interactions with the Planets CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL MARIEHAMN, FINLAND ID 17 COMETS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; CONTINUUM AB This study is based primarily on the calculations of comet orbits over similar to 10(6) years for 160 short-period comets by Harold F. Levison and Martin J. Duncan from which there are calculated ''ablation AGES''. There are positive statistical correlations (having many deviations) with radial nongravitational forces, comet activity measures, and dust to-gas ratios in the spectra, in the sense that comets of greater ''AGES'' tend to be less active and to show less dust in their spectra than comets of lesser ''AGES''. RP Whipple, FL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD FEB PY 1996 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF00117505 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA TZ604 UT WOS:A1996TZ60400013 ER PT J AU Whipple, FL AF Whipple, FL TI Comets: Summary SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Whipple, FL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ASTROPHYS OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD FEB PY 1996 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 487 EP 488 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA TZ604 UT WOS:A1996TZ60400062 ER PT J AU Wright, DA Savitz, JD Dawson, R Magee, J Smucker, RA AF Wright, DA Savitz, JD Dawson, R Magee, J Smucker, RA TI Effect of diflubenzuron on the maturation and reproductive success of the copepod Eurytemora affinis SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diflubenzuron; maturation; reproductive success; Eurytemora affinis ID DIMILIN AB The insect growth regulator diflubenzuron (DFB) may have substantial effects on non-target organisms, especially crustaceans. By targeting the moulting process, DFB would be expected to elicit the most obvious effects on subadult crustaceans which moult frequently. Previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated acute and chronic effects of DFB on survival and development of nauplii of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis at water concentrations of less than 1 p.p.b. The present study examines the effects on maturation to adulthood and brood production. Effects on brood production were observed at 0.8 p.p.b. DFB in individuals exposed only during the copepodite stages. Significant effects on production of nauplii were documented only in the early exposure to 0.93 p.p.b. DFB. Inability of post-moult copepodites to completely cast exuviae also was documented in the exposed treatments. At salinities of 2, 10 and 15 p.p.t., survival from naupliar to adult stages was significantly reduced at 0.84 p.p.b. and none survived to adulthood at 1.7 p.p.b. These results suggest that DFB has substantial effects on survival and development of E. affinis at a water concentration of less than 1 p.p.b. DFB concentrations exceeding this concentration have been reported from Chesapeake Bay surface waters although there is no current evidence of potentially toxic concentrations overlapping with the known distribution of E. affinis in the bay. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP Wright, DA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES,CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,POB 38,SOLOMONS,MD 20688, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 1996 VL 5 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1007/BF00116323 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA UB028 UT WOS:A1996UB02800005 PM 24193508 ER PT J AU Hochstaedter, AG Ryan, JG Luhr, JF Hasenaka, T AF Hochstaedter, AG Ryan, JG Luhr, JF Hasenaka, T TI On B/Be ratios in the Mexican Volcanic Belt SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CALC-ALKALINE MAGMAS; ISLAND-ARC MAGMAS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SUBDUCTION ZONES; WESTERN MEXICO; TRACE-ELEMENT; CINDER CONES; INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENT; MICHOACAN GUANAJUATO; SOUTHWESTERN MEXICO AB Boron and beryllium concentrations were measured in a diverse suite of well-characterized rocks from the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB). Low B and high Be result in relatively low B/Be ratios in the MVB, compared to other arcs. Nevertheless, B systematics resemble those of other area and provide insights into mantle processes. In the MVB, B enrichment depends first on magma type, and second on edifice type and location. B/Be values are highest (5-15) in andesites and dacites erupted from calcalkaline strato-volcanoes located along the volcanic front, such as Volcan Colima and V. San Juan. Rocks from strato-volcanoes located behind the volcanic front generally have lower values (1-5). B/Be values are also elevated in differentiated members of rock suites that show evidence for significant crustal assimilation. In the westernmost MVB, west of the Michoacan-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF), cinder-cone ejecta, including basalts, lamprophyres, and basanites, contain low B/Be values (<5). The lamprophyres and basanites have very low B/Be, despite high Ba/Ce and other common measures of subduction signature. In the MGVF, where cinder cones occur exclusively, B/Be values in primitive calc-alkaline basalts are distinctly higher than those from alkaline basalts (3-8 vs. 1-3), indicating that high B/Be is a mantle-derived feature and not an artifact of crustal assimilation. Comparison among various elemental ratios indicates that Cs and U show enrichment patterns similar to B; all are enriched in calc-alkaline rocks, but not in lamprophyres or basanites. In contrast, Ba, K, and Sr, are enriched in both calc-alkaline rocks and the lamprophyres and basanites. Multi-stage processes and differing melting mechanisms are inferred to explain the variable characteristics of MVB volcanic rocks. First, slab-derived fluids, rich in fluid-mobile elements including B and Ba, infiltrate the mantle wedge. These fluids cause fluid-fluxed melting that produces calc-alkaline magmas enriched in all fluid-mobile elements. These lavas erupt from large, volcanic-front strato-volcanoes. The slab-derived fluids also metasomatize portions of the mantle wedge, producing phlogopite and/or amphibole. These phases have high partition coefficients for Ba-Sr-K, but may have low partition coefficients for B-Cs-U. Accordingly, subduction-zone metasomatism produces a mantle wedge enriched in Ba-Sr-K, but not necessarily in B-Cs-U. Decompression melting of this type of metasomatized mantle will consume the hydrous phases and produce magmas such as lamprophyres or basanites with high Ba/Ce, Sr/La, and K/La, but low B/Be, Cs/La, and U/La. This interpretation implies two types of subduction-zone signatures: one involving enriched Ba-Sr-K, elements that have longer residence times in the mantle wedge, and another involving enriched B-Cs-U, which all partition so strongly into fluids or melts that they have short residence times in the mantle, and are only enriched in magmas generated by fluid-fluxed melting or that have assimilated crustal material. Assimilation of granites and crustal rocks can also enrich differentiated lavas in B. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT GEOL,TAMPA,FL 33620. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. TOHOKU UNIV,FAC SCI,INST MINERAL PETROL & ECON GEOL,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NR 80 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 4 BP 613 EP 628 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00415-7 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TV810 UT WOS:A1996TV81000005 ER PT J AU Zimbelman, JR AF Zimbelman, JR TI Planetary geology SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP Zimbelman, JR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,CTR EARTH & PLANETARY STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1996 VL 41 IS 2 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA UW268 UT WOS:A1996UW26800009 ER PT J AU Parker, GG Stone, PJ Powers, D AF Parker, GG Stone, PJ Powers, D TI A balloon for microclimate observations within the forest canopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy access; helium balloon; photosynthetically active radiation; spatial variation; transmittance AB We describe the construction of an inexpensive balloon and its use as a platform for microclimate observations within the forest canopy. It is easily made, portable and rugged, allowing access to regions of the forest not previously available. To illustrate the balloon's utility we present some examples of within-canopy light measurements. C1 NEW MEXICO HIGHLANDS UNIV,DEPT ENGN,LAS VEGAS,NM 87701. RP Parker, GG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.2307/2405026 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UE984 UT WOS:A1996UE98400019 ER PT J AU Thorington, RW Musante, AL Anderson, CG Darrow, K AF Thorington, RW Musante, AL Anderson, CG Darrow, K TI Validity of three genera of flying squirrels: Eoglaucomys, Glaucomys, and Hylopetes SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Eoglaucomys; Glaucomys; Hylopetes; flying squirrels; systematics AB Ellerman (1947) reduced the genus Eoglaucomys to a subgenus of Hylopetes. Burt (1960) suggested that Glaucomys sabrinus was more closely related to Hylopetes than to Glaucomys volans. We tested these two hypotheses by examining morphological evidence of bacula, foot pads, musculature, crania (especially teeth), and postcrania (especially wrists and ankles). Our data contradict these hypotheses and support recognition of three distinct clades. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT ZOOL, KNOXVILLE, TN 37916 USA. RP Thorington, RW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, DIV MAMMALS, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 77 IS 1 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.2307/1382710 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TW086 UT WOS:A1996TW08600007 ER PT J AU Hershler, R Thompson, FG AF Hershler, R Thompson, FG TI Redescription of Paludina integra Say, 1821, type species of genus Cincinnatia (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article AB We present evidence that Paludina integra Say, 1821, an early described species of North American freshwater snail which has been previously placed in either of two families (Hydrobiidae, Viviparidae), is the hydrobiid snail known as Cincinnatia cincinnatiensis (Anthony, 1840). We provide a description for this snail, which is the type species of the genus Cincinnatia Pilsbry, 1891, and select a neotype to ensure nomenclatural stability. Features of genitalia (including a second female bursal duct which has not been recorded previously for members of the family Hydrobiidae) distinguish this species from all other members of the North American subfamily Nymphophilinae. At the present time, insufficient data are available to support allocation of other species to Cincinnatia. Paludina cincinnatiensis Anthony, 1840, Amnicola scarboroughi Tryon, 1870, Amnicola peracuta Pilsbry & Walker bz Pilsbry, 1889, Amnicola judayi Baker, 1922, and Cincinnatia cincinnatiensis chicagoensis Baker, 1930 are junior synonyms of Cincinnatia integra (Say, 1821). C1 UNIV FLORIDA,FLORIDA MUSEUM NAT HIST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 95 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 62 BP 33 EP 55 DI 10.1093/mollus/62.1.33 PN 1 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA UC074 UT WOS:A1996UC07400002 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Dalgarno, A AF Sun, Y Dalgarno, A TI Infrared emission spectra of nitric oxide following the radiative association of nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS; NIGHT AIRGLOW; O-ATOMS; NO; GAMMA; VENUS; BAND; TRANSITION; LIFETIMES; SYSTEM AB The i.r. emission spectrum that arises in the radiative association of N and O atoms is calculated The emission is characterized by nonthermal vibrational bands with an effective temperature approximate to 2500 K and a thermal rotational distribution. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 55 IS 2 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(95)00159-X PG 5 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA TV375 UT WOS:A1996TV37500011 ER PT J AU Reiss, HR AF Reiss, HR TI High-frequency, high-intensity photoionization SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD; STABILIZATION; POLARIZATION; IONIZATION AB Two analytical methods for computing ionization by high-frequency fields are compared. Predicted ionization rates compare well, but energy predictions for the onset of ionization differ radically. The difference is shown to arise from the use of a transformation in one of the methods that alters the zero from which energy is measured. This alteration leads to an apparent energy threshold for ionization that can, especially in the stabilization regime, differ strongly from the laboratory measurement. in intense-field ionization can occur at high as well as low frequencies. phenomenon at high frequencies, very prominent for hydrogen, is absent in a short-range potential. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Reiss, HR (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, WASHINGTON, DC 20016 USA. RI Reiss, Howard/B-6538-2014 OI Reiss, Howard/0000-0003-1023-1462 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 13 IS 2 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000355 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA TU987 UT WOS:A1996TU98700014 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Edouard Manet: Rebel in a frock coat - Brombert,BA SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 2 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TR980 UT WOS:A1996TR98000045 ER PT J AU Aiello, A AF Aiello, A TI The earth dwellers: Adventures in the land of ants - Hoyt,E SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Aiello, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 2 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TR980 UT WOS:A1996TR98000160 ER PT J AU Stanley, DJ Galili, E AF Stanley, DJ Galili, E TI Sediment dispersal along northern Israel coast during the early Holocene: Geological and archaeological evidence SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID NILE DELTA; TRANSPORT; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; SAPROPEL; SHELF AB geological and archaeological study of finds at Atlit-Yam, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement submerged off the Carmel coast of northern Israel, provides new information on sediment provenance and dispersal in the southern Levant. Clay mineral analyses of mud-rich samples collected in a water well (ca. 8100-7550 yrs B.P.) at this site are useful for determining the early Holocene circulation pattern along this margin. Analyses record the predominance of fluvial sediment from proximal Carmel highland sources to the east, as indicated by illite, and of marine sediment from the north and northeast, as indicated by kaolinite. This north-to-south coastal transport is in marked contrast to the present south-to-north dispersal pattern where smectite-rich Nile material is derived from distal sources and carried hundreds of kilometers to the Carmel margin. The interpreted coastal circulation pattern indicates that although the modern Nile delta, major source of sediment in the eastern Mediterranean, had begun to form about 8000-7500 yrs ago, it had not yet begun to supply substantial amounts of sediment to as far north as the Carmel coast by the time the water well was abandoned. The Atlit-Yam site serves as a unique geochronologic gauge valuable for interpreting climatic, oceanographic and sedimentologic conditions in the SE Mediterranean which, as recently as 7500 yrs ago, were markedly different than those prevailing at present. C1 ISRAEL ANTIQU AUTHOR,ATLIT,ISRAEL. RP Stanley, DJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DELTAS GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,PALEOBIOL E 206 NMNH,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(95)00167-0 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA UE849 UT WOS:A1996UE84900002 ER PT J AU Mindell, DP Knight, A Baer, C Huddleston, CJ AF Mindell, DP Knight, A Baer, C Huddleston, CJ TI Slow rates of molecular evolution in birds and the metabolic rate and body temperature hypotheses SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter DE rates of evolution; relative rate tests; molecular evolution; metabolic rate hypothesis ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; VERTEBRATES C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,ZOOL MUSEUM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. SUL ROSS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ALPINE,TX. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT BIOL SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. SMITHSONIAN INST,LAB MOLEC SYSTEMAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Mindell, DP (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT BIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 9 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 13 IS 2 BP 422 EP 426 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TU428 UT WOS:A1996TU42800013 ER PT J AU Brawn, JD Collins, TM Medina, M Bermingham, E AF Brawn, JD Collins, TM Medina, M Bermingham, E TI Associations between physical isolation and geographical variation within three species of Neotropical birds SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; dispersal; gene flow; geographical variation; mitochondrial DNA; Neotropics ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; SONG SPARROW; DIFFERENTIATION; EVOLUTION; SHAPE; POLYMORPHISMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIVERSITY AB We studied effects of physical isolation on geographical variation in mtDNA RFLP polymorphisms and a suite of morphological characters within three species of neotropical forest birds; the crimson-backed tanager Ramphocelus dimidiatus, the blue-gray tanager Thraupis episcopus, and the streaked saltator Saltator albicollis. Variation among populations within continuous habitat on the Isthmus of Panama was compared with that among island populations isolated for about 10 000 years. Putative barriers to dispersal were influential, but apparent isolation effects varied by species, geographical scale, and whether molecular or morphological traits were being assessed. We found no geographical structuring among the contiguous, mainland sampling sites. Migration rates among the islands appeared sufficient to maintain homogeneity in mtDNA haplotype frequencies. In contrast, variation in external morphology among islands was significant within two of three species. For all species, we found significant variation in genetic and morphological traits between the island (collectively) and mainland populations. Interspecific variation in the effects of isolation was likely related to differential vagility. These data generally corroborate other studies reporting relatively great geographical structuring within tropical birds over short distances. Behaviourally based traits - low vagility and high 'sensitivity' to geographical barriers - may underlie extensive diversification within neotropical forest birds, but more extensive ecological and phylogeographic information are needed on a diverse sample of species. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 66 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 5 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00289.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA TZ215 UT WOS:A1996TZ21500005 ER PT J AU Mcmillan, WO Bermingham, E AF Mcmillan, WO Bermingham, E TI The phylogeographic pattern of mitochondrial DNA variation in the Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetaceans; equilibrium populations; genetics; intraspecific gene genealogies; management ID POPULATION GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION; EVOLUTION; ALLELES; CONSERVATION; PHYLOGENIES; DIVERSITY; NUMBER AB We used 11 restriction endonucleases to study mtDNA variation in 101 Dall's porpoises Phocoenoides dalli from the Bering Sea and western North Pacific. There was little phylogeographic patterning among the 34 mtDNA haplotypes identified in this analysis, suggesting a strong historical connection among populations across this region. Nonetheless, mtDNA variation does not appear to be randomly distributed in this species. Both G(ST) and AMOVA uncovered significant differences in the distribution of mtDNA variation between the Bering Sea and western North Pacific populations. These mtDNA results, coupled with differences in allozyme variation and parasite infestation, support the demographic distinctiveness of Bering Sea and western North Pacific stocks of Dall's porpoise. The lack of a strong phylogeographic orientation of mtDNA haplotypes within the Dall's porpoise is similar to the pattern reported in other vertebrates such as coyotes, blackbirds, chickadees, marine catfish, and catadromous eels. Like Dall's porpoise, these species are broadly distributed, and have large populations linked by moderate to high levels of gene flow. However, the more complex, deeply branched phylogenetic network of mtDNA haplotypes within Dall's porpoise, relative to these other vertebrates, suggests important differences between these species in the forces shaping mtDNA variation. One such force is the effective size of female populations, which appears to have been comparatively large and stable in Dall's porpoise. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP Mcmillan, WO (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT GENET & BIOMETRY,GALTON LAB,4 STEPHENSON WAY,LONDON NW1 2HE,ENGLAND. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 5 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00290.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA TZ215 UT WOS:A1996TZ21500006 PM 9147695 ER PT J AU Grall, RR Coles, WA Klinglesmith, MT Breen, AR Williams, PJS Markkanen, J Esser, R AF Grall, RR Coles, WA Klinglesmith, MT Breen, AR Williams, PJS Markkanen, J Esser, R TI Rapid acceleration of the polar solar wind SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ALFVEN WAVES; VELOCITY AB THE solar wind is a supersonic outflow of coronal plasma into interplanetary space, and is the agent that carries solar disturbances to the Earth. Direct measurements of the wind speed over a range of distances-from the orbit of Mercury(1) to beyond the outermost planets(2) and now over the solar poles(3)-show that the acceleration is largely complete by 70 solar radii (R(.)). But there are no direct measurements nearer the Sun with which to constrain theoretical models of the acceleration. In principle, the speed of the solar wind in the acceleration region can be inferred by indirect methods such as radio scattering, but this is not straightforward as these data provide a measure of the wind properties integrated along the lines of sight. Here we report radio-scattering measurements of the speed of the south polar stream which have been corrected for this path integration, and also for the potential bias due to the presence of plasma waves. Our results indicate that the acceleration of the polar wind is almost complete by 10 R(.), much closer to the Sun than had been expected(4). This suggests that the acceleration of the sofar wind and the heating of the solar corona occur in essentially the same region, and thus that the underlying mechanisms may be strongly linked(5). C1 UNIV WALES,DEPT PHYS,ABERYSTWYTH,DYFED,WALES. EISCAT,GEOPHYS OBSERV,SF-99600 SODANKYLA,FINLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Grall, RR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 25 TC 166 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 3 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 1 PY 1996 VL 379 IS 6564 BP 429 EP 432 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TT304 UT WOS:A1996TT30400052 ER PT J AU Lewenstein, M You, L AF Lewenstein, M You, L TI Ground state of a weakly interacting Bose gas of atoms in a tight trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; DENSITY PROFILE; HYDROGEN; FIELD AB We study properties of the ground state of a bosonic gas of atoms in a tight trap. The atoms interact via model molecular potentials that may have either positive or negative scattering lengths. We discuss the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation in such a system. We show that when the size of the trap becomes comparable to the correlation length of the condensate, stable Bose-Einstein condensation might occur independent of the sign of the scattering length. C1 POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR FIZKYI TEORETYCZNEJ,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. RP Lewenstein, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 1996 VL 53 IS 2 BP 909 EP 915 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.909 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TV648 UT WOS:A1996TV64800035 ER PT J AU McLeod, BA AF McLeod, BA TI Collimation of fast wide-field telescopes SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article AB In this paper, I present a simple technique for collimating the secondary mirror of fast focal ratio wide-field Cassegrain telescopes. This technique minimizes both coma and astigmatism across the field. Because astigmatism is nearly zero on-axis even in a misaligned system, it is necessary to make measurements off-axis. This technique is useful on telescopes corrected for off-axis coma such as Ritchey-Chretien designs and classical Cassegrains with refractive correctors. Proper alignment for astigmatism is especially important in the latter type of telescope where there is no astigmatism across the field in a properly aligned system. The tools required for collimation are a camera that can examine images at several locations at the edge of the field and a secondary mirror that can be controlled in five axes. Also presented are analytic expressions for the amount of field-dependent astigmatism due to miscollimation. The technique is robust enough to collimate telescopes with fixed astigmatism in the telescope primary. RP McLeod, BA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 5 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 108 IS 720 BP 217 EP 219 DI 10.1086/133712 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU731 UT WOS:A1996TU73100013 ER PT J AU DiMichele, WA Bateman, RM AF DiMichele, WA Bateman, RM TI Plant paleoecology and evolutionary inference: Two examples from the Paleozoic SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paleobiology of Fossil Plants - New Insights and Perspectives, at the 6th Argentine Congress on Paleontology and Biostratigraphy CY APR 03-08, 1994 CL TRELEW, ARGENTINA ID COAL-SWAMP VEGETATION; FOSSIL RECORD; VASCULAR PLANTS; ARBORESCENT LYCOPSIDS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; SEX EXPRESSION; LAND PLANTS; EARLY FERNS; SEED HABIT; PHYLOGENY AB Paleobotany can contribute much to evolutionary scenario-building, Here, we use two case studies - the Devono-Carboniferous vascular plant radiation and the largely coeval evolution of heterosporous from homosporous life histories - to examine the interface between phylogeny and ecology. Our observations challenge some tenets of the neo-Darwinian orthodoxy, notably the assumed role of competition mediated selection as an active driving force, rather than a passive filter, of evolution. The Devono-Carboniferous class-level radiation of vascular plants was prompted by attainment of a complexity threshold and delimited the morphological envelope that enclosed an apparently fractal pattern of subsequent, lower level radiations. The contrast of low speciation rates with exceptionally high rates of phenotypic divergence in the Devonian suggests a non-adaptive ''novelty'' radiation, perhaps reflecting saltational evolution via ''hopeful monsters''. Successive lower level radiations were more constrained by the ecological hierarchy that resulted from progressive niche differentiation and saturation. This in turn reflected increased speciation rates, thereby completing a well defined negative feedback loop in the coevolution of phenotypic and ecological differentiation. Heterosporous life histories evolved independently in at least ten lineages. Heterospory allows the sporophyte to impose, via differential development, a single fixed gender on each gametophyte prior to spore release. Although the resulting life history is less flexible than homospory, which on recent evidence includes a range of subtle and sophisticated strategies, it promotes the sporophyte as the primary target for selection. Gametophytes effectively perform the role of gametes and are released into the environment prior to fertilization, thus favoring aquatic-amphibious habitats resistant to occupation by homosporous pteridophytes; terrestrial heterospory requires apomixis. Although the profound iteration of heterospory implies a strong adaptive advantage, repeated gradual evolution via inferior intermediates exhibiting exosporous heterospory seems unlikely. Seed-plant success reflects economic efficiency and the subsequent evolution of effective pollination syndromes, rather than integumentation of the ovule. Major radiations of heterosporous lineages and subsequently of seed-plants required perturbation of pre-existing communities by extrinsic environmental changes rather than genuinely competitive displacement. This typical manifestation of ''home-field advantage'' further emphasizes the intimate relationship between phylogeny and ecology, and allows us to make predictions that can be tested by further paleobotanical research. C1 ROYAL BOT GARDENS, EDINBURGH EH3 5LR, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. ROYAL MUSEUM SCOTLAND, EDINBURGH EH1 1JF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. RP DiMichele, WA (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT PALEOBIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RI DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012 NR 151 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD FEB PY 1996 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0034-6667(95)00085-2 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA TY959 UT WOS:A1996TY95900006 ER PT J AU Nicolson, DH AF Nicolson, DH TI Issue dates of the first 83 numbers of the Smithsonian contributions to botany SO TAXON LA English DT Article AB The official date of publication of each Contribution is given, with author(s), title, and pagination. Special problems, due to inconsistencies in the sources of issue dates (hand-stamped in a few copies and published in the Smithsonian year), are discussed. The issue dates appearing in the Smithsonian year are reliable, except in recent years when the published date sometimes was incomplete. RP Nicolson, DH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT MRC 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD FEB PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.2307/1222583 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA TX894 UT WOS:A1996TX89400003 ER PT J AU Davis, JL Mitrovica, JX AF Davis, JL Mitrovica, JX TI Glacial isostatic adjustment and the anomalous tide gauge record of eastern North America SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; LATERAL HETEROGENEITIES; MANTLE VISCOSITY; RISE AB SEA-LEVEL variations, as recorded by the global network of tide gauges, represent a rich data set for studying a nide range of natural and anthropogenic phenomena, such as the sea-level rise induced by possible global warming, For this purpose, long-term sea-level trends must be corrected for the 'contaminating' effects of continuing glacial isostatic adjustment(1-5) (GIA). The numerical correction procedure has, for sites on the east coast of North America, yielded a set of highly anomalous sea-level rates characterized by systematic geographical trends(2,4,5). We demonstrate that these trends are a consequence of inadequacies in the previous 'standard' numerical prediction for GIA, In particular, we find that the well-known trends in the GIA-corrected tide gauge rates are eliminated if the lower-mantle viscosity of the Earth model used in the GIA prediction is increased. This result obviates the need to explain the anomalous trend as a manifestation of Gulf Stream ocean circulation(4) or neotectonic processes(2). C1 UNIV TORONTO, DEPT PHYS, TORONTO, ON M5S 1A7, CANADA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 25 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 25 PY 1996 VL 379 IS 6563 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1038/379331a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TR323 UT WOS:A1996TR32300054 ER PT J AU Randich, S Schmitt, JHMM Prosser, CF Stauffer, JR AF Randich, S Schmitt, JHMM Prosser, CF Stauffer, JR TI The X-ray properties of the young open cluster around alpha Persei SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE open clusters and association, individual (alpha Persei); stars, coronae; X-ray, stars ID LOW-MASS STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; EINSTEIN-OBSERVATORY SURVEY; RAPIDLY ROTATING STARS; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; HYADES CLUSTER; PLEIADES; EMISSION; VELOCITIES AB We present ROSAT PSPC pointed observations of the 50 Myr old alpha Per open cluster. The X-ray observations, which were carried out as a raster scan, cover an area of about 10 deg(2). In total, we detect about 160 X-ray sources, 88 of which have an optical counterpart (within 30 arcsec) associated with alpha Per cluster candidates. Within the central region of our field of view, which is characterized by a limiting sensitivity L(X) similar to 10(28.8-29) erg sec(-1), we detect basically all late-F, G and K stars, while the detection rate among the M dwarfs is on the order of 60 %. Given the sensitivity of our X-ray observations, the lower detection rate among the very low mass objects is consistent with the ROSAT results obtained for the Pleiades cluster. Although stars in each color range show a large spread in X-ray luminosity, the maximal X-ray luminosities appear to decrease from the range of late-F - G type stars to the M-type dwarfs. We interpret this as due to the fact that the maximum X-ray luminosity cannot exceed the saturation level L(X)/L(bol) similar to 10(-3) and is hence a function of the bolometric luminosity. The availability of rotational velocities for many of the X-ray detected objects permits us to study correlations between rotation and X-ray activity. For B-V-o > 0.6, at a given mass, the weakest X-ray sources are slow rotators, while the strongest X-ray sources are rapid rotators. The relation between L(X)/L(bol) and rotation we find for the alpha Per low mass stars is the same as previously determined for low mass stars in the Pleiades, and a similar relation is found on correlating L(X)/L(bol) with rotation period. Using directly measured periods as well as periods estimated from rotational velocities, we derive Rossby numbers (R(0)) for stars with B-V-o > 0.3 finding that a well-defined relationship between L(X)/L(bol) and R(0) is present both for early (i.e., F) and late-type stars. A comparison of the X-ray luminosity distribution functions (XLDF) for our alpha Per sample and the Pleiades indicates that F and G-type stars in alpha Per are, as a whole, more X-ray luminous than their older counterparts in the Pleiades. On the other hand, no significant difference is found between the distributions of the K and M-type dwarfs in the two clusters. We argue that this finding is a consequence of the longer spin-down timescales of later-type objects, and hence of the fact that there are more rapid rotators among G stars in alpha Per than in the Pleiades, while this is not the case for K and M dwarfs. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Randich, S (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85740 GARCHING, GERMANY. OI Randich, Sofia/0000-0003-2438-0899 NR 73 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN 20 PY 1996 VL 305 IS 3 BP 785 EP 805 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TR769 UT WOS:A1996TR76900020 ER PT J AU DiStefano, R Mao, S AF DiStefano, R Mao, S TI Do microlensing events repeat? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; gravitational lensing; planets and satellites, general; stars, low-mass, brown dwarfs ID GALACTIC HALO; OBJECTS AB For the purposes of gravitational microlensing, it is useful to define ''close'' binary lenses to be those that generate light curves having a single region of observable magnification; typically, the components of such a lens are separated by similar to 1-4 R(E). Microlensing by such close binary systems has already been observed. Wide binaries-i.e., those that can give rise to light curves with separate, disconnected regions of magnification and that have larger separations-are more common than close ones. Because the associated light curves can include two separate regions of magnification, there may appear to be a ''repetition.'' In this paper we quantify our expectations of the frequency and characteristics of microlensing events that appear to repeat because the lens is a wide-binary system. We also point out that lensing by wide binaries provides a promising channel for the discovery of planetary systems. We find that roughly 0.5%-2% of observed microlensing events may exhibit apparent repetition because the lens is a wide binary. Lensing by wide binaries is therefore likely to be observed in the data collected by the present generation of microlensing experiments. We derive likely distributions of properties. We find that, for most events, one of the two regions of magnification has a maximum amplification that is smaller than that required for detection of a single point-mass lens. Yet because such light curves exhibit a region of more significant magnification, they can, in principle, be well studied. If such a study can lead to reliable methods to detect the second, less obvious region of magnification, it may also provide insight into the best ways to definitively identify lensing by low-mass single lenses. RP DiStefano, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1086/176713 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP705 UT WOS:A1996TP70500007 ER PT J AU Dobrzycki, A Bechtold, J AF Dobrzycki, A Bechtold, J TI Simulation analysis of Ly alpha forest spectra .1. Empirical description at z approximate to 3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; intergalactic medium; quasars, absorption lines ID COLUMN DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CLOUDS; EVOLUTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ABSORBERS; SAMPLE AB We present moderate-resolution (similar to 50 km s(-1) FWHM) spectra of the Ly alpha forest for seven quasars with redshifts ranging from 2.53 to 3.13, obtained with the Blue Spectrograph and photon-counting Reticon at the Multiple Mirror Telescope. Combined with spectra of 10 other quasars presented elsewhere, we have characterized the distribution of cloud properties in a way which was designed to minimize any subjective part of the analysis. We used artificial absorption spectra, with the same resolution, sampling and signal-to-noise ratio as a function of wavelength as the actual data. Distributions of the physical parameters of the Ly alpha clouds, namely, the neutral hydrogen column density (N) and Doppler parameter (b), were approximated with dN/dN proportional to N--beta and dN/db proportional to exp [-(b - [b])(2)/2 sigma(b)(2)], respectively. We constructed a grid of simulated spectra with different input parameters. Comparison of properties of the simulated spectra with the observed spectra yielded acceptable ranges of parameters. Our technique differs from previous similar work in that we use the information contained in the distribution of the strength of the absorption in each resolution element and the distribution of separations between absorption complexes. We derive beta = 1.4 +/- 0.1 for N ranging from 10(13) to 10(16) cm(-2) and [b] = 30 +/- 15 km s(-1). Most previous studies based on line lists indicated beta = 1.7-1.9. We attribute this difference to flattening of the column density distribution for low N, recently confirmed by higher resolution observations. Our result for [b], though consistent with values quoted in the literature, is of lower significance, since it is less than the resolution of our spectra. We conclude by commenting on the importance of line blending in data sets of this kind. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Dobrzycki, A (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1086/176714 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP705 UT WOS:A1996TP70500008 ER PT J AU Zhang, XL AF Zhang, XL TI Secular evolution of spiral galaxies .1. A collective dissipation process SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, evolution; galaxies, kinematics and dynamics; galaxies, spiral; galaxies, structure; Galaxy, structure; waves ID DENSITY WAVES; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; MODAL APPROACH; RELAXATION; INSTABILITIES; MORPHOLOGY AB A collective dissipation mechanism responsible for the secular evolution of the disks of spiral galaxies is proposed and analyzed. The key element in this process is the outward transport of angular momentum. Although it has been previously shown by Lynden-Bell & Kalnajs (1972) that a trailing spiral pattern transports the angular momentum outward, it has also been claimed by them that the exchange of angular momentum between the disk stars and the spiral density wave happens only at the wave-particle resonances. This implies that for the majority of the disk stars there is no secular orbital decay or increase, and, as a result, there is little redistribution of disk surface density over the lifetime of a spiral galaxy. In this paper, we demonstrate that such a conclusion results from the fact that Lynden-Bell & Kalnajs had solved the problem locally and considered only the orbital response of stars to an applied spiral potential. They did not incorporate the constraint for a self-sustained global spiral solution. It is shown that this constraint is in the form of a phase shift, which exists between a self-consistent, open spiral potential and density pair. A phase shift between the potential and density spirals indicates that there is a torque applied by the spiral potential on the spiral density, and a secular transfer of energy and angular momentum between the disk matter and the spiral density wave. For the actual density distribution of a spiral wave mode, it is shown that the sense of this phase shift is such that for a trailing spiral, the disk matter inside the corotation radius should lose energy and angular momentum to the density wave and accrete inward, and the matter outside corotation should gain energy and angular momentum from the wave and excrete. As a result, the disk surface density should become more and more centrally concentrated, together with the buildup of an extended outer envelope. This trend is consistent with the direction of entropy evolution in self-gravitating systems (Antonov 1962; Lynden-Bell & Wood 1968) and is also consistent with the trend found in the recent N-body simulations of stellar disks (Donner & Thomasson 1994; see also the simulation results in this paper). It is further demonstrated that a local physical mechanism can be found to account for the secular dissipation as is revealed and required by the phase shift. This mechanism takes the form of a temporary local gravitational instability of the streaming disk material at the spiral arms. The presence of this instability, coupled with the fact that a phase shift appears to cause a finite amplitude, open spiral wave to steepen until there is sufficient dissipation in the spiral instability to offset the steepening tendency, indicate that the nature of the large-scale spiral density waves are large-scale spiral gravitational shocks. The typical width of the spiral gravitational shock is on the order of 1 kpc, the same as the effective mean free path of stars in the spiral-arm local gravitational instability. As a result of the instability condition at the spiral arms, a single disk star, when crossing the spiral arms, experiences many small-angle scatterings produced by the combined potential of its neighboring stars, besides experiencing the smooth axisymmetric potential and the smooth spiral potential. The is leads to a secular decay in the mean orbital radius for those stars inside corotation, as well as a secular increase in the mean orbital radius for stars outside corotation. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MAIL STOP 78,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 67 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 1 BP 125 EP 144 DI 10.1086/176717 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP705 UT WOS:A1996TP70500011 ER PT J AU Marshall, HL Carone, TE Shull, JM Malkan, MA Elvis, M AF Marshall, HL Carone, TE Shull, JM Malkan, MA Elvis, M TI The steep soft X-ray spectrum of the highly variable active nucleus in Markarian 478 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual (Markarian 478); galaxies, nuclei; radiation mechanisms, nonthermal; ultraviolet, galaxies; X-rays, galaxies ID GALACTIC NUCLEI; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; QUASARS; DENSITY; REGION; AGN AB We present the first moderate-resolution spectrum of the soft X-ray excess in an active galactic nucleus. Mrk 478 was detected in the 70-100 Angstrom spectral region using the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) spectrometer. The spectrum shows no significant spectral features and is consistent with a very steep power law. The neutral hydrogen absorbing column is consistent with the Galactic value. The spectral slope is poorly determined if the absorbing column is allowed to vary; alpha = 27 +/- 9 (f(v) proportional to v(-alpha)), and the best-fit column density (cm(-2)) is log N-H = 20.6. If the column density is fixed at the Galactic value, log N-H = 20.0, then alpha = 4.70 +/- 0.65. The lack of emission lines and significant variability indicate that the soft X-ray continuum is not due to emission from a thin thermal plasma or a leaky neutral or warm absorber. There is marginal evidence that the spectrum hardens as it brightens, which is consistent with thermal variations rather than absorption changes. If this component is the Wien tail of a blackbody spectrum, then the temperature at the inner edge of the accretion disk must be of order 10(6) K. For an accretion disk model from Sun & Malkan (1989), we require a mass of 1.3 x 10(8) M., an accretion rate of 0.3 M. yr(-1), and a highly inclined disk, with cos i = 0.50, in order to keep L < L(Edd). C1 EUREKA SCI INC,OAKLAND,CA 94602. UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1086/176720 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP705 UT WOS:A1996TP70500014 ER PT J AU Grossan, B Remillard, RA Bradt, HV Brissenden, RJ Ohashi, T Sakao, T AF Grossan, B Remillard, RA Bradt, HV Brissenden, RJ Ohashi, T Sakao, T TI The weak blue bump of H2106-099 and active galactic nuclei dereddening SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies, individual (H2107-099); galaxies, Seyfert; ultraviolet, galaxies; X-rays, galaxies ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; TYPE-1 SEYFERT-GALAXIES; MAGELLANIC CLOUD; STANDARD STARS; FE-II; QUASARS; CONTINUUM; EXTINCTION; EMISSION; GINGA AB We present multifrequency spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy H2106-099, from radio to hard X-rays, spanning over a decade of observations. The hard X-ray (2-20 keV) spectrum measured with Ginga was not unusual, with a log slope (F-v proportional to E(alpha)), of -0.80 +/- 0.02 on 1988 May 18 and -1.02 +/- 0.10 on 1988 May 22/23 UT, and with no significant observed variations in total flux. Other measurements showed variability and unusual spectral features: The V band flux was observed to change by a factor of 1.8 (>10 sigma) in 6 weeks. Only moderate optical Fe II emission is present, but strong [Fe VII] and [Fe X] epochs. The Balmer lines show greater than 25% variations in flux relative to the mean, and He I changed by more than 100% relative to the mean in 6 yr. The most surprising finds came from the composite UV through near-IR spectrum: If the spectrum is dereddened by the galactic extinction value derived from 21 cm observations, a residual 2175 A absorption feature is present. Additional dereddening to correct the feature yields E(B - V) = 0.07 mag due to material outside our Galaxy, most probably associated with the active galactic nucleus (AGN) or its host galaxy. No other clear indications of reddening are observed in this object, suggesting that blue bump strength measurements in low and intermediate redshift AGNs could be incorrect if derived without UV observations of the region near 2175 Angstrom in the AGN frame. After all reddening corrections are performed, the log slope of H2106-099 from the near-IR (similar to 12500 Angstrom) to the UV (similar to 1400 Angstrom), -0.94 +/- 0.05, is steep compared to other AGNs, suggesting that the blue bump in this object is intrinsically weak. Weak blue bumps are, therefore, not always an artifact caused by reddening. The spectral indices of this object in the optical-UV region are steeper than those predicted by optically thin free-free emission models; therefore, some other mechanism must dominate the continuum in this region. C1 MIT,SPACE RES CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HACHIOJI,TOKYO 19203,JAPAN. NATL ASTRON OBSERV,TOKYO 181,JAPAN. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 1 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.1086/176722 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP705 UT WOS:A1996TP70500016 ER PT J AU Kochanek, CS AF Kochanek, CS TI The mass of the Milky Way SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics, stellar dynamics; Galaxy, fundamental parameters; Galaxy, kinematics and dynamics; Local Group ID GALACTIC ESCAPE VELOCITY; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; PROPER-MOTION; LOCAL GROUP; GALAXY; HALO; SATELLITES; STARS; UNIVERSE; DYNAMICS AB We use the Jaffe model as a global mass distribution for the Galaxy and determine the circular velocity nu(c) and the Jaffe radius r(j) using the satellites of the Galaxy, estimates of the local escape velocity of stars, the constraints imposed by the known rotation curve of the disk, and the Local Group timing model. The models include the systematic uncertainties in the isotropy of the satellite orbits, the form of the stellar distribution function near the escape velocity, and the ellipticity of the M31/Galaxy orbit. If we include the Local Group timing constraint, then Leo I is bound, nu(c) = 220 +/- 30 km s(-1), and r(j) = 200 kpc (115 kpc less than or similar to r(j) less than or similar to 360 kpc) at 90% confidence. The satellite orbits are nearly isotropic with beta = 1 - sigma(theta)(2)/sigma(r)(2) = 0.2 (-0.5 less than or similar to beta less than or similar to 0.6), and the stellar distribution function near the escape velocity is f(epsilon) proportional to epsilon(k) with k(r) = 4.4 (1.6 less than or similar to K-r less than or similar to 8.5), where k(r) = k + 5/2. While not an accurate measurement of k, it is consistent with models of violent relaxation (k = 3/2). The mass inside 50 kpc is (4.9 +/- 1.1) x 10(11) M.. Higher mass models require that M31 is on its second orbit and that the halo is larger than the classical tidal limit of the Galaxy/M31 binary system. Such models must have a significant fraction of the Local Group mass in an extended Local Group halo. Lower mass models require that both M31 and Leo I are unbound, but there is no plausible mechanism to produce observed deviations of M31 and Leo I from their expected velocities in an unbound system. If we do not use the Local Group timing model, the median mass of the Galaxy increases significantly, and the error bars broaden. Using only the satellite, escape velocity, and disk rotation curve constraints, the median mass interior to 50 kpc is 3.9 (5.1), and the 90% confidence interval is 3.2-5.5 (4.0-6.4) without (with) Leo I in units of 10(11) M.. The lower bound without Leo I is 65% of the mass expected for a continuation of a flat rotation curve. RP Kochanek, CS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MS-51,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 54 TC 205 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1996 VL 457 IS 1 BP 228 EP 243 DI 10.1086/176724 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP705 UT WOS:A1996TP70500018 ER PT J AU Creel, S Creel, NM Monfort, SL AF Creel, S Creel, NM Monfort, SL TI Social stress and dominance SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; STEROID-HORMONES; SUPPRESSION; MECHANISMS C1 NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP Creel, S (reprint author), ROCKEFELLER UNIV,FIELD RES CTR ECOL & ETHOL,MILLBROOK,NY 12545, USA. NR 11 TC 147 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 38 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 18 PY 1996 VL 379 IS 6562 BP 212 EP 212 DI 10.1038/379212a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TQ169 UT WOS:A1996TQ16900029 ER PT J AU Needell, A AF Needell, A TI Politics on the endless frontier. Postwar research policy in the United States - Kleinman,DL SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP Needell, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,DEPT SPACE HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 1996 VL 271 IS 5246 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TP364 UT WOS:A1996TP36400025 ER PT J AU Kochanek, CS AF Kochanek, CS TI Gravitational lenses - The optics of cosmology SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EINSTEIN RING; RADIO-SOURCE RP Kochanek, CS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 11 PY 1996 VL 379 IS 6561 BP 115 EP 115 DI 10.1038/379115a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TP360 UT WOS:A1996TP36000028 ER PT J AU Allain, S Bouvier, J Prosser, C Marschall, LA Laaksonen, BD AF Allain, S Bouvier, J Prosser, C Marschall, LA Laaksonen, BD TI Rotational periods and starspot activity of young solar-type dwarfs in the open cluster IC 4665 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars, activity; stars, late-type; stars, rotation; open clusters, individual, IC 4665 ID T-TAURI STARS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; ACCRETION DISKS; ALPHA-PERSEI; TIME-SERIES; EVOLUTION AB We present the results of a V-band photometric monitoring survey of 15 late-type dwarfs in the young open cluster IC 4665. Low-amplitude periodic light variations are found for 8 stars and ascribed to the modulation by starspots that cover typically a few percent of the stellar disk. Periods range from 0.6 to 3.7d, translating to equatorial velocities between 13 and 93 km.s(-1). That no period longer than 4d was detected suggests a relative paucity of extremely slow rotators (V-eq much less than 10 km.s(-1)) among late-type dwarfs in IC4665. The fractional number of slow rotators in IC 4665 is similar to that of Alpha Per cluster, suggesting that IC 4665 is close in age to Alpha Per (similar to 50 Myr). C1 UNIV GRENOBLE 1, URA CNRS 708, OBSERV GRENOBLE, ASTROPHYS LAB, F-38041 GRENOBLE 9, FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. GETTYSBURG COLL, DEPT PHYS, GETTYSBURG, PA 17325 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN 10 PY 1996 VL 305 IS 2 BP 498 EP 506 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TR766 UT WOS:A1996TR76600023 ER PT J AU Kneer, F Hasan, SS Kalkofen, W AF Kneer, F Hasan, SS Kalkofen, W TI Spectral line radiation from solar small-scale magnetic flux tubes SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun, plages; Sun, magnetic fields; polarization ID TO-LIMB VARIATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; ELEMENTS; EQUILIBRIUM; SUN; BRIGHTNESS AB We consider spectral line radiation from small-scale magnetic model flux tubes in the solar atmosphere. The structure of the tube is determined from the magnetostatic equations in the thin flux tube approximation. We assume that the tube is in energy equilibrium and pressure balance with the ambient medium. For the latter, we construct a quiet sun model with an artificial heating term in order to reproduce the VAL C model, treating the medium as a plane-parallel atmosphere. The flux tube models are parameterized by the plasma beta(0) (the ratio of gas the pressure to the magnetic pressure), the convective efficiency parameter alpha, and the radius R(0) at height z = 0 (tau(5000) =1) in the quiet sun. The Stokes I and V profiles emerging from the models and averaged over areas that include the neighbourhood of the flux tube are calculated for various spectral lines with different sensitivity for magnetic field strength and temperature. The profiles are compared with high spatial resolution observations of plages near disc centre that have been obtained with the Gregory Coude Telescope at the Observatorio del Teide/Tenerife. The information contained in both I and V profiles is found to be very useful in constraining the theoretical models. The best match of models with observations is achieved for values of beta(0) between 0.3 and 0.5. For a sufficiently wide separation of the V extrema of the strongly split lines, a broadening mechanism is required. Pure velocity (microturbulent) broadening compatible with observations of strongly split lines gives too much broadening for weakly split lines. A broadening that is proportional to the Lande factor, i.e., magnetic broadening, appears to be more appropriate. This suggests dynamic models with temporary enhancement of the magnetic field strength. The continuum intensity of our models is higher and the absorption and V amplitude in the Fe II 6149 Angstrom line are stronger than observed. An improvement in the match between model predictions and observations is likely to come from models in which the ambient gas has a lower temperature as well as a lower temperature gradient than are found in the quiet, field-free sun. Such models are currently under development for cylindrical flux tubes. C1 INDIAN INST ASTROPHYS, BANGALORE 560034, KARNATAKA, INDIA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP UNIV STERNWARTE GOTTINGEN, GEISMARLANDSTR 11, D-37083 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY. RI Hasan, Siraj/C-2927-2012 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN 10 PY 1996 VL 305 IS 2 BP 660 EP 668 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TR766 UT WOS:A1996TR76600040 ER PT J AU Curiel, S Rodriguez, LF Gomez, JF Torrelles, JM Ho, PTP Eiroa, C AF Curiel, S Rodriguez, LF Gomez, JF Torrelles, JM Ho, PTP Eiroa, C TI High-velocity ammonia emission associated with the young stellar object Serpens FIRS 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (Serpens FIRS 1); ISM, jets and outflows; ISM, molecules; stars, pre-main-sequence ID RADIO-CONTINUUM SOURCE; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; INFRARED IMAGES; CLOUD; CORE AB We have performed VLA, Haystack, and Effelsberg 100 m ammonia observations of the molecular core associated with the highly collimated radio continuum jet of the very young stellar object (YSO) Serpens FIRS 1. An analysis of the overall morphology, kinematics, and excitation of the ambient cloud core is presented. In particular, the mean rotational temperature derived over a region of 2' x 2' around FIRS 1 is found to be 12 K, whereas it increases to 30 K at distances within 6 '' from FIRS 1, indicating that FIRS 1 is the dominant energy source in the cloud core. By averaging the blueshifted (V-LSR = -6.1 --> +5.7 km s(-1)) and redshifted (V-LSR = +10.7 --> +22.5 km s(-1)) spectral channels of the VLA data with respect to the ambient cloud velocity (V-LSR = 7.0-9.4 km s(-1)), we have detected an excess of emission (above the expected continuum) that we identify as high-velocity ammonia emission associated with the YSO FIRS 1. The blue- and redshifted emissions seem to have a bipolar morphology, suggesting that they trace a bipolar ammonia outflow of similar to 20 '' in size and aligned with the radio continuum jet. We identify this high-velocity ammonia emission, with an estimated mass M(H-2) similar or equal to 0.2 [XNH(3)/10(-8))](-1) M., as associated with the molecular gas entrained by the radio jet. In addition, NH3 (1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) spectra of this region taken with the Haystack and the Effelsberg 100 m telescopes show ammonia emission at even higher velocities (up to similar to 30-40 km s(-1) from the line center) than those observed with the VLA (less than or similar to 20 km s(-1)), suggesting that the VLA observations cover only a fraction of the velocity range of the ammonia outflow. New VLA ammonia observations covering a higher velocity range are needed to fully map this high-velocity molecular emission and to confirm its bipolar distribution. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. CSIC, INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA, E-18080 GRANADA, SPAIN. UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID, FAC CIENCIAS, DPT FIS TEOR, E-28049 MADRID, SPAIN. RP NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO, INST ASTRON, POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, DF, MEXICO. RI Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016; OI Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 2 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1086/176688 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN541 UT WOS:A1996TN54100024 ER PT J AU Shore, SN Kenyon, SJ Starrfield, S Sonneborn, G AF Shore, SN Kenyon, SJ Starrfield, S Sonneborn, G TI On the interpretation of the ultraviolet spectra of symbiotic stars and recurrent novae .2. The 1985 outburst of RS Ophiuchi SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, symbiotic; galaxies, active; galaxies, nuclei; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars, individual (RS Ophiuchi) ID U-SCORPII; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; RR-TELESCOPII; LINE LIST; III LINES; MODELS; IUE; EVOLUTION; REMNANTS; TEL AB We discuss the 1985 outburst of the symbiotic recurrent nova RS Oph using spectra obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite and contemporaneous ground-based optical spectra. The low-resolution integrated fluxes show that a short-lived constant bolometric luminosity phase existed in the early outburst. If this reached the Eddington luminosity, it implies a minimum mass for the white dwarf of 1.2 M.. This and the lack of evidence for eclipses in ultraviolet low-resolution spectra obtained in quiescence support the orbital solution of Dobrzycka & Kenyon (1994), in particular the low inclination of the system and the low mass, 0.5 M., of the red giant. The high-resolution optical and ultraviolet line profiles showed the development of two separate contributors. One was a broad-line component produced by emission from the high-velocity ejecta. The other was a narrow-line component produced in the portion of the red giant wind that was ionized by the UV pulse from the explosion and by radiation from the shock produced by the passage of the ejecta through the wind. The expanding Stromgren sphere had two effects. The strength of the line absorption from the overlying wind decreased against the ejecta and the ionized emitting gas, and the emission measure increased within the expanding H II region. We model these effects using the techniques developed in Shore & Aufdenberg (1993) to show how the column density of the cool material decreased with time. We show that the increased ionization of the wind accounts for changes in the absorption line components in the ultraviolet and use this decrease and the narrow emission-line ratios to determine the physical parameters for the line-forming region in the wind. From this, we derive the mass-loss rate for the red giant. In addition, we find evidence for a nitrogen overabundance in the wind using the time development of the N v 1240 Angstrom doublet. The primary source for ionizing the red giant wind was radiation produced by the shocked ejecta as they traversed the stellar wind. The shock-generated emission also produced and powered the coronal species until about 100 days after ourburst at which time shock breakout occurred. The ionized wind subsequently recombined, although a hot source was still present on the white dwarf on the basis of continued visibility of the ultraviolet O III fluorescence lines and the IR He I 1.08 mu m line. Finally, we discuss how many of the techniques developed in this study of a photoionizing pulse propagating into a dense environment can be applied to the analysis of active galactic nuclei. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP Shore, SN (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, 1700 MISHAWAKA AVE, S BEND, IN 46634 USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 70 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 2 BP 717 EP 737 DI 10.1086/176692 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN541 UT WOS:A1996TN54100028 ER PT J AU Blackman, EG AF Blackman, EG TI Reconnecting magnetic flux tubes as a source of in situ acceleration in extragalactic radio sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies, active; galaxies, jets; galaxies, magnetic fields; magnetic fields; MHD AB Many extended extragalactic radio sources require a local in situ acceleration mechanism for electrons, in part because the synchrotron lifetimes are shorter than the bulk travel time across the emitting regions. If the magnetic field in these sources is localized in flux tubes, reconnection may occur between regions of plasma beta (ratio of particle to magnetic pressure) <<1, even though beta averaged over the plasma volume may be greater than or similar to 1. Reconnection in low-beta regions is most favorable to acceleration from reconnection shocks. The reconnection X-point regions may provide the injection electrons for their subsequent nonthermal shock acceleration to distributions reasonably consistent with observed spectra. Flux-tube reconnection might therefore be able to provide in situ acceleration required by large-scale jets and lobes. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 2 BP L87 EP L90 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN544 UT WOS:A1996TN54400005 ER PT J AU Quinn, J Akerlof, CW Biller, S Buckley, J CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Catanese, M Connaughton, V Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, J Hillas, AM Lamb, RC Krennrich, F Lessard, R McEnery, JE Meyer, DI Mohanty, G Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Schubnell, MS Sembroski, G Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J AF Quinn, J Akerlof, CW Biller, S Buckley, J CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Catanese, M Connaughton, V Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, J Hillas, AM Lamb, RC Krennrich, F Lessard, R McEnery, JE Meyer, DI Mohanty, G Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Schubnell, MS Sembroski, G Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J TI Detection of gamma rays with E>300 GeV from Markarian 501 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects, individual (Markarian 501); gamma rays, observations AB The detection of gamma rays of energy greater than 300 GeV from the BL Lacertae object Mrk 501 demonstrates that extragalactic TeV emission is not unique to Mrk 421. During 66 hr of observations between 1995 March and July we measured an average flux of 8.1 +/- 1.4 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) above 300 GeV, a flux that is only 20% of the average Mrk 421 flux. The new gamma-ray source has not been reported by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory as an emitter of gamma rays at lower energies. There is evidence for variability on timescales of days. C1 UNIV COLL DUBLIN, DEPT PHYS, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND. UNIV MICHIGAN, RANDALL LAB PHYS, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. UNIV LEEDS, DEPT PHYS, LEEDS LS2 9JT, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. ST PATRICKS COLL, DEPT PHYS, MAYNOOTH, KILDARE, IRELAND. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP Quinn, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, FRED LAWRENCE WHIPPLE OBSERV, POB 97, AMADO, AZ 85645 USA. NR 17 TC 192 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 2 BP L83 EP L86 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN544 UT WOS:A1996TN54400004 ER PT J AU Mecklenburg, M Tumosa, C McCormickGoodhart, M Erhardt, D AF Mecklenburg, M Tumosa, C McCormickGoodhart, M Erhardt, D TI Keep it wet SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter RP Mecklenburg, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,PRESERVAT SCI GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC PI ELMONT PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD JAN 6 PY 1996 VL 149 IS 2011 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TP835 UT WOS:A1996TP83500049 ER PT J AU Grygier, MJ Cairns, SD AF Grygier, MJ Cairns, SD TI Suspected neoplasms in deep-sea corals (Scleractinia: Oculinidae: Madrepora spp) reinterpreted as galls caused by Petrarca madreporae n sp (Crustacea: Ascothoracida: Petrarcidae) SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE neoplasms; galls; scleractinia; Madrepora; Ascothoracida; Petrarcidae; Petrarca madreporae; KARUBAR expedition ID ACROPORA-PALMATA; GROWTH AB Hypertrophied corallites with irregular septal patterns in the Hawaiian deep-water coral Madrepora kauaiensis Vaughan were interpreted 30 yr ago as possible neoplasms, and this idea has persisted in comparative oncological literature. Many colonies of Madrepora oculata L, with similarly modified corallites are recorded herein from 233 to 604 m depth off northwestern Australia and Japan, in the Formosa Strait, and in the Banda and Arafura Seas, Indonesia. The affected corallites have a hollow space beneath the interrupted columella. Most specimens had been dried and bleached, leaving no tissue, but in some alcohol-preserved Indonesian specimens this cavity was occupied by endoparasitic petrarcid ascothoracidan crustaceans. These are described herein as Petrarca madreporae Grygier, new species, which is characterized by a posterior lobe on each carapace valve, poorly armed mouthparts, and a bifid penis with fixed rami. The validity of the diagnosis of the petrarcid genus Zibrowia Grygier, 1985 is questioned. The abnormal corallites are provisionally reinterpreted as an unusual kind of petrarcid 'internal gall.' C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 4 PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.3354/dao024061 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA TV865 UT WOS:A1996TV86500009 ER PT J AU Ashenberg, J AF Ashenberg, J TI On the effects of time-varying aerodynamical coefficients on satellite orbits SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article AB The problem of orbital dynamics of a satellite in the atmosphere is revised for time-varying aerodynamical coefficients. A general form for aerodynamical modeling is suggested. Including the unsteady aerodynamics, results in major orbital changes, very sensitive to attitude kinematics. Representative examples for the extreme case of orbiting flat plate are demonstrated. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0094-5765(96)00002-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA UZ984 UT WOS:A1996UZ98400001 ER PT B AU Power, ML AF Power, ML BE Norconk, MA Rosenberger, AL Garber, PA TI The other side of Callitrichine gummivory - Digestibility and nutritional value SO ADAPTIVE RADIATIONS OF NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neotropical Primates - Setting the Future Research Agenda CY FEB 26-27, 1995 CL MATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES, WASHINGTON, DC SP Wenner Gren Fdn Anthr Res, Smithsonian Inst, Friends Natl Zoo HO MATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES RP Power, ML (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45399-1 PY 1996 BP 97 EP 110 PG 4 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Zoology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BH52P UT WOS:A1996BH52P00006 ER PT B AU Stafford, BJ Rosenberger, AL Baker, AJ Beck, BB Dietz, JM Kleiman, DG AF Stafford, BJ Rosenberger, AL Baker, AJ Beck, BB Dietz, JM Kleiman, DG BE Norconk, MA Rosenberger, AL Garber, PA TI Locomotion of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) - The effects of foraging adaptations and substrate characteristics on locomotor behavior SO ADAPTIVE RADIATIONS OF NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neotropical Primates - Setting the Future Research Agenda CY FEB 26-27, 1995 CL MATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES, WASHINGTON, DC SP Wenner Gren Fdn Anthr Res, Smithsonian Inst, Friends Natl Zoo HO MATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES RP Stafford, BJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 10 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45399-1 PY 1996 BP 111 EP 132 PG 4 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Zoology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BH52P UT WOS:A1996BH52P00007 ER PT B AU Rosenberger, AL Norconk, MA Garber, PA AF Rosenberger, AL Norconk, MA Garber, PA BE Norconk, MA Rosenberger, AL Garber, PA TI New perspectives on the pitheciines SO ADAPTIVE RADIATIONS OF NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neotropical Primates - Setting the Future Research Agenda CY FEB 26-27, 1995 CL MATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES, WASHINGTON, DC SP Wenner Gren Fdn Anthr Res, Smithsonian Inst, Friends Natl Zoo HO MATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES RP Rosenberger, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45399-1 PY 1996 BP 329 EP 333 PG 3 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Zoology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BH52P UT WOS:A1996BH52P00019 ER PT S AU Lewenstein, M You, L AF Lewenstein, M You, L BE Bederson, B Walther, H TI Quantum field theory of atoms and photons SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 36 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SPIN-POLARIZED HYDROGEN; WAVE-FUNCTION APPROACH; TRAPPED NEUTRAL ATOMS; SHORT LASER-PULSES; COOLED IDEAL-GAS; SODIUM ATOMS; LATTICE-GAS; DISSIPATIVE PROCESSES C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Lewenstein, M (reprint author), CTR ETUD SACLAY, CEA, DSM, DRECAM, SPAM, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 180 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003836-6 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 1996 VL 36 BP 221 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(08)60211-6 PG 60 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BH77N UT WOS:A1996BH77N00005 ER PT J AU Linares, OF AF Linares, OF TI Cultivating biological and cultural diversity: Urban farming in Casamance, Senegal SO AFRICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the (American) African-Studies-Association CY DEC, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Council Learned Soc, Social Sci Res Council African Studies ID AGRICULTURE AB At the present time, urban agriculture-that is, the growing of food crops in backyard gardens, unused city spaces and peripheral zones-is an economically viable alternative for many African migrants. Although previously 'invisible' to most developers and economists, urban farming is now recognised as playing a crucial subsistence role in the household economies of lower-income people living in major West African cities. But the practice does more than feed the urban poor. Using the example of Ziguinchor in Casamance, Senegal, it is argued that growing crops in peri-urban and intra-urban zones, on otherwise neglected or half-built-up land, also protects and enriches the city environment while increasing the primary productivity of the inhabitants. Directly, or in more subtle ways, the practice strengthens bonds of friendship, and promotes inter-ethnic co-operation while at the same time helping to maintain biological complexity in interesting and previously unexplored ways. City farming may provide a context through which the urban poor can relate to debates about biodiversity. RP Linares, OF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA TRADE DEPT 22 GEORGE SQUARE, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH8 9LF SN 0001-9720 J9 AFRICA JI Africa PY 1996 VL 66 IS 1 BP 104 EP 121 DI 10.2307/1161514 PG 18 WC Anthropology; Area Studies SC Anthropology; Area Studies GA UL371 UT WOS:A1996UL37100008 ER PT J AU SCHERER, JC AF SCHERER, JC TI PARTIAL RECALL - LIPPARD,LR SO AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURE AND RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP SCHERER, JC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA AMER INDIAN STUDIES CENTER PI LOS ANGELES PA 3220 CAMPBELL HALL 406 HILGARD AVE SUBSCRIBER #1695, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024-1548 SN 0161-6463 J9 AM INDIAN CULT RES J JI Am. Indian Cult. Res. J. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 235 EP 237 PG 3 WC History SC History GA UF018 UT WOS:A1996UF01800020 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH AF Ubelaker, DH TI Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: Health and disease across a hunter-gatherer continent - Webb,S SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4 BP 546 EP 547 DI 10.1002/ajhb.1310080404 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA VA185 UT WOS:A1996VA18500017 ER PT J AU DiStefano, R AF DiStefano, R TI The IUPP evaluation: What we were trying to learn and how we were trying to learn it SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; STUDENT; EDUCATION; MECHANICS; PHYSICS; MOTION AB During two academic years (1991-1992, 1992-1993), four new model curricula for the college-level, calculus-based introductory physics course were tested. A total of nine colleges and universities around the country participated in this test. This paper provides an overview of the evaluation process. The evaluation was independent-that is, it was not linked to the model developers or to the sites; nor was it directly implemented by the group that sponsored the project, the Introductory University Physics Project. At each site, we set out to study both ''model'' and ''comparison'' sections of the introductory physics course. There was a pre- and post-test, and some limited use of in-class questionnaires. Faculty members and roughly 10% of the students were asked to keep journals. Each test site was visited by an evaluator at least twice during each academic year. This paper provides some of the background necessary to assess the results of the IUPP evaluation. Some evaluation results from the 1991-1992 field tests are included in the following paper [R. Di Stefano, Am. J. Phys. 64 (1), 58-68 (1996)]. The main body of our results, including those focusing on the 1992-1993 trials, will be presented in later papers. (C) 1996 American Association of Physics Teachers. RP DiStefano, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 64 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1119/1.18292 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA TN512 UT WOS:A1996TN51200014 ER PT J AU DiStefano, R AF DiStefano, R TI Preliminary IUPP results: Student reactions to in-class demonstrations and to the presentation of coherent themes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The methods of analysis that were applied to the information gathered during the 1991-1992 field tests of the Introductory University Physics Project are demonstrated through the study of two specific questions. The first question addresses the effectiveness of in-class demonstrations as an aid to learning. The relative importance of demonstrations, a feature relevant to most implementations of introductory science courses, emerged from comments contributed by students in both comparison and model courses. The second question is about the effectiveness of teaching and learning an area of physics (such as mechanics) through the use of an overarching context (such as ''Interplanetary Travel''). This question was inspired by the test of a specific model, Physics in Context. (C) 1996 American Association of Physics Teachers. RP DiStefano, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 64 IS 1 BP 58 EP 68 DI 10.1119/1.18293 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA TN512 UT WOS:A1996TN51200015 ER PT J AU Power, ML Oftedal, OT AF Power, ML Oftedal, OT TI Differences among captive callitrichids in the digestive responses to dietary gum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Callitrichidae; digestion; passage rate; gum-feeding ID WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; GUAR GUM; RAT; ECOLOGY; FERMENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; TAMARIN; POLYSACCHARIDES; GUMMIVORY AB Although many members of the Callitrichidae, a monophyletic family of small, New World monkeys, have been observed to feed on plant exudates, available field data support the generalization that pygmy and common marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea and Callithrix jacchus) feed on gums to a greater extent than most other callitrichids. Because microbial fermentation is required for vertebrates to digest gums, gum-feeding primates may react differently to dietary gum from their relatives that eat little gum. To test this hypothesis, digestion trials were conducted on animals from the two marmoset species, two tamarin species (Saguinus fuscicollis and S. oedipus), and a species of lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). These species span the range of body sizes within the Callitrichidae. All animals were fed two variations of a homogeneous diet, which differed only in that gum arabic was added to one. Transit time of digesta (TFA) and digestive efficiency (as measured by the coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy [ADDM and ADE, respectively]) were compared between diets for each individual. As predicted, the digestive responses of marmosets differed from the responses of the other study species. In marmosets, TFA tended to be longer when gum was added to the diet, while TFA did not change in the other three species. Digestive efficiency decreased in tamarins and lion tamarins with the addition of gum to the diet; marmoset digestive efficiency was unaffected by diet. The results of this research are consistent with the hypothesis that marmosets have digestive adaptations that aid in the digestion of gum that other callitrichids lack. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ANTHROPOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Power, ML (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,NUTR LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 45 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PY 1996 VL 40 IS 2 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)40:2<131::AID-AJP2>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA VQ821 UT WOS:A1996VQ82100002 ER PT J AU Roper, CFE Vecchione, M AF Roper, CFE Vecchione, M TI In situ observations on Brachioteuthis beanii Verrill: Paired behavior, probably mating (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cephalopoda; squid; behavior; mating; in situ observations; submersible ID CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SUBMERSIBLES AB A behavior that has never been seen in cephalopods was observed three times in a large aggregation of Brachioteuthis beanii Verrill, 1881. During a series of submersible dives off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, eastern U. S., three pairs of Brachioteuthis were seen, and one pair was video-taped. In all three pairs one squid grasped the other by the posterior mantle in its arm crown. This paired behavior involved brief periods in which the grasped squid bent its head and body posteriorly and vigorously moved its arms around the head and mantle opening of the grasping squid. Although we were unable to capture any of the coupling pairs to determine their stage of maturity, we believe this unusual activity represents mating behavior. RP Roper, CFE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL UNION PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, DEPT INVERTEBRATES, CENTRAL PARK WEST 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA WE205 UT WOS:A1996WE20500006 ER PT J AU Kabat, AR AF Kabat, AR TI Biogeography of the genera of Naticidae (Gastropoda) in the Indo-Pacific SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ENDEMISM AB The biogeographic distribution of genera of the family Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the tropical Indo-Pacific is delineated and follows a pattern found in other marine molluscan families. Within the monophyletic clades ''Naticinae'' and ''Sininae'' the greatest Indo-Pacific species-level diversity is found in the western Indian Ocean and in Australia; with a marked eastward decline in biodiversity from Melanesia and Micronesia to Polynesia and Hawaii. At the generic level, the broad geographic distribution and lack of endemicity precludes reconstruction of the vicariant history of these genera. The present-day distribution of species and genera is largely a function of larval dispersal, not of vicariant events. RP Kabat, AR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DIV MOLLUSKS MRC118,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL UNION PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, DEPT INVERTEBRATES, CENTRAL PARK WEST 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA WD953 UT WOS:A1996WD95300003 ER PT J AU Erwin, TL AF Erwin, TL TI Arboreal beetles of neotropical forests: Agra fabricius, the cayennensis complex (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini: Calleidina) SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium of Carabidology CY SEP 04-07, 1995 CL KAUNIAINEN, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, City Kauniainen ID DIVERSITY AB The neotropical carabid genus Agra contains more than 2 000 species. One monophyletic lineage, the cayennnensis group, was selected for phylogenetic analysis to underpin a biogeographic study pertaining to the Amazon Basin. The cayennensis group containing 10 subgroups and more than 150 species, arose and radiated in the basin, subsequently invading Central and Middle America 3 times, and as far as Texas once. The fact that such major radiation occurred within the basin, not only at the species level, but to a higher plain, the subgroup level, forces us to look for evolutionary driving forces that act relatively quickly and at a fine geographic resolution in order to account for the megadiversity found there today. RP Erwin, TL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD PI HELSINKI PA UNIV HELSINKI P O BOX 17 (P. RAUTATIEKATU 13), FIN-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0003-455X J9 ANN ZOOL FENN JI Ann. Zool. Fenn. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA VB060 UT WOS:A1996VB06000003 ER PT J AU Hartmann, L Kenyon, SJ AF Hartmann, L Kenyon, SJ TI The FU Orionis phenomenon SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE FU Ori objects; pre-main sequence evolution; accretion disks; outflows ID Z-CANIS-MAJORIS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; T-TAURI STARS; SEQUENCE ACCRETION DISKS; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; SYMBIOTIC STARS; MASS-LOSS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS AB We summarize the properties of EU Orionis variables, and show how accretion disk models simply explain many peculiarities of these objects. FU Ori systems demonstrate that disk accretion in early stellar evolution is highly episodic, varying from similar to 10(-7) M(circle dot) yr(-1) in the low (T Tauri) state to 10(-4) M(circle dot) yr(-1) in the high (FU Ori) state. This variability in mass accretion is matched by a corresponding variability in mass ejection, with mass loss rates reaching similar to 10(-1) of the mass accretion rates in outburst. It appears that the FU Ori phenomenon is restricted to early phases of stellar evolution, probably with infall still occuring to the disk, which may help drive repetitive outbursts. Thermal instabilities are a promising way to produce FU Ori disk outbursts, although many uncertainties remain in the theory; triggering by interactions with companion stars on eccentric orbits may also play a role. RP Hartmann, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 124 TC 421 Z9 423 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 1996 VL 34 BP 207 EP 240 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.34.1.207 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA VK371 UT WOS:A1996VK37100006 ER PT J AU Wcislo, WT Cane, JH AF Wcislo, WT Cane, JH TI Floral resource utilization by solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and exploitation of their stored foods by natural enemies SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE oligolecty; specialization; parasitism; phenotypic plasticity; pollen ID MATING-BEHAVIOR; POLLINATION ECOLOGY; NESTING STRATEGIES; DIADASIA-RINCONIS; TEXAS HYMENOPTERA; GLAND SECRETIONS; TONGUED BEES; OIL FLOWERS; POLLEN; BIOLOGY AB Bees are phytophagous insects that exhibit recurrent ecological specializations related to factors generally different from those discussed for other phytophagous insects. Pollen specialists have undergone extensive radiations, and specialization is not a always a derived state. Floral host associations are conserved in some bee lineages. In others, various species specialize on different host plants that are phenotypically similar in presenting predictably abundant floral resources. The nesting of solitary bees in localized areas influences the intensity of interactions with enemies and competitors. Abiotic factors do not always explain the intraspecific variation in the spatial distribution of solitary bees. Foods stored by bees attract many natural enemies, which may shape diverse facets of nesting and foraging behavior. Parasitism has evolved repeatedly in some, but not all, bee lineages. Available evidence suggests that cleptoparasitic lineages are most speciose in temperate zones. Female parasites frequently have a suite of characters that can be described as a masculinized feminine form. The evolution of resource specialization (including parasitism) in bees presents excellent opportunities to investigate phenotypic mechanisms responsible for evolutionary change. C1 AUBURN UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. AUBURN UNIV, ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. RP Wcislo, WT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, APARTADO 2072, BALBOA, PANAMA. NR 249 TC 121 Z9 133 U1 9 U2 57 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1996 VL 41 BP 257 EP 286 PG 30 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TP403 UT WOS:A1996TP40300013 PM 15012330 ER PT J AU Hart, S AF Hart, S TI Public culture in the early Republic: Peale's museum and its audience - Brigham,DR SO ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Hart, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL PORTRAIT GALLERY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHIVES AMER ART PI WASHINGTON PA 8TH & F STREETS, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0003-9853 J9 ARCH AM ART J JI Arch. Am. Art J. PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Art SC Art GA XU615 UT WOS:A1996XU61500002 ER PT J AU Crowell, AL Mann, DH AF Crowell, AL Mann, DH TI Sea level dynamics, glaciers, and archaeology along the central Gulf of Alaska coast SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWEST COAST; EVOLUTION; AMERICA AB Because of their impacts on the preservation of archaeological records, Holocene sea level fluctuations and glacial activity have significant implications for modeling the paleodemography of prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations around the Gulf of Alaska. Interdisciplinary field studies relating archaeological site preservation to sea level changes and glacier fluctuations were undertaken in Kenai Fjords National Park and Katmai National Park in 1993-94. Radiocarbon dates and elevations above sea level for 19 new and reinvestigated archaeological sites are combined in our analysis with data reported by other investigators. Tectonic subsidence associated with a large magnitude earthquake in about AD 1170 appears to be responsible for the near absence of sites older than 800 years in Kenai Fjords National Park. In contrast, long-term uplift has allowed preservation of a continuous 7000 year archaeological sequence along the coastline of Katmai National Park. These results point out the need for detailed local studies of sea level history and glacial activity in conjunction with coastal archaeological surveys. C1 UNIV ALASKA,ALASKA QUATERNARY CTR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP Crowell, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ARCTIC STUDIES CTR,121 W 7TH AVE,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 2 BP 16 EP 37 PG 22 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA VX893 UT WOS:A1996VX89300002 ER PT J AU Crowell, AL AF Crowell, AL TI Quest for the origins of the first Americans - Dixon,EJ SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Crowell, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ARCTIC STUDIES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 2 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA VX893 UT WOS:A1996VX89300009 ER PT J AU Crowell, AL AF Crowell, AL TI The campus site: A prehistoric camp at Fairbanks, Alaska - Mobley,CM SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Crowell, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ARCTIC STUDIES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 2 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA VX893 UT WOS:A1996VX89300010 ER PT J AU Crowell, AL AF Crowell, AL TI Late quaternary studies in Beringia and beyond, 1950-1993: An annotated bibliography - Beaudoin,AB, Reintjes,FD SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Crowell, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ARCTIC STUDIES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 2 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA VX893 UT WOS:A1996VX89300011 ER PT J AU Krupnik, I AF Krupnik, I TI Aleksandr I. Pika - Obituary SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ARCT STUDIES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA UT193 UT WOS:A1996UT19300011 ER PT B AU Mandel, E Ackerman, MS AF Mandel, E Ackerman, MS BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI The ASSIST: Unified management of public and private information SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00020 ER PT B AU Mink, DJ AF Mink, DJ BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI Browsing images in world coordinate space with SAOimage SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 96 EP 99 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00021 ER PT B AU Silverman, JD Kearns, K Harris, DE AF Silverman, JD Kearns, K Harris, DE BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI A reexamination of the 'UV leak' of the high resolution imager on ROSAT SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00027 ER PT B AU DePonte, J Conroy, M Manning, KR Presley, K AF DePonte, J Conroy, M Manning, KR Presley, K BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI Automated pipeline processing for AXAF ground calibration SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00034 ER PT B AU Doe, S Conroy, M McDowell, J AF Doe, S Conroy, M McDowell, J BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI The ASC fitting environment SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00035 ER PT B AU Mackie, G Fabbiano, G Harnden, FR Kim, DW Barbera, M Bocchino, F Damiani, F Maggio, A Micela, G Sciortino, S Ciliegi, P AF Mackie, G Fabbiano, G Harnden, FR Kim, DW Barbera, M Bocchino, F Damiani, F Maggio, A Micela, G Sciortino, S Ciliegi, P BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI A reduction and analysis pipeline for ROSAT PSPC data SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Maggio, Antonio/P-5700-2015 OI Maggio, Antonio/0000-0001-5154-6108 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00041 ER PT B AU VanStone, D Conroy, M McDowell, J AF VanStone, D Conroy, M McDowell, J BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI The ASC scientific data model and its DDF implementation SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00046 ER PT B AU Hsieh, PF Stern, I AF Hsieh, PF Stern, I BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI Automatic sequencing for experimental protocols SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 400 EP 403 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00087 ER PT B AU Moran, J Keleti, S Hsieh, PF AF Moran, J Keleti, S Hsieh, PF BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI Wide area synchronization to the 10ms level SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 420 EP 423 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00092 ER PT B AU Roll, J AF Roll, J BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI Starbase: A user centered database for astronomy SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 536 EP 539 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00118 ER PT B AU Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Eichhorn, G Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS AF Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Eichhorn, G Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI The ADS article service data holdings and access methods SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 558 EP 561 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00122 ER PT B AU Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS AF Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS BE Jacoby, GH Barnes, J TI Various access methods to the abstracts in the astrophysics data system SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS V SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS V) CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES, TUCSON, AZ SP Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Int Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, NASA, Natl Opt Astron Observatories, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Natl Res Council Canada, Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Univ Arizona Steward Observatory, Vatican Observatory, Co Comp Inc, Network Comp Devices Inc, Sun Microsystems Inc, Res Syst Inc HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERVATORIES C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 101 BP 569 EP 572 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37A UT WOS:A1996BG37A00125 ER PT J AU Mahdavi, A Geller, MJ Fabricant, DG Kurtz, MJ Postman, M McLean, B AF Mahdavi, A Geller, MJ Fabricant, DG Kurtz, MJ Postman, M McLean, B TI The lumpy cluster Abell 1185 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; DENSE CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; GALAXIES; SUBSTRUCTURE; KINEMATICS; EINSTEIN; NUCLEI; COMA AB Abell 1185, a richness class 1 cluster of galaxies ( = 9800 km s(-1)), has kinematic and x-ray substructure. We measure 39 new velocities in its field, bringing the known cluster population to 82 galaxies within 1.4h(-1) Mpc of the cluster center. The sample has a depth of m(R) similar or equal to 15.8, and no substantial spatial bias. In addition to the optical data we reanalyze a deep (11 459 s) Einstein x-ray observation. Clumps in the velocity distribution of A1185 are localized on the sky. The Dressler-Shectman test confirms the existence of subclumps with >99% confidence. X-ray emission from the cluster also appears complex; contributions from individual galaxies within A1185 are detectable. The brightest unresolved x-ray source coincides with an elliptical galaxy which contains an active LINER nucleus. Throughout the paper we define H-0 = 100h km s(-1) Mpc(-1), and unless otherwise indicated, we assume h = 1. (C) 1996 American Astronomical Society. C1 ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC,SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Mahdavi, A (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090; Postman, Marc/0000-0002-9365-7989 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1086/117760 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN578 UT WOS:A1996TN57800006 ER PT J AU Caldwell, N Rose, JA Franx, M Leonardi, AJ AF Caldwell, N Rose, JA Franx, M Leonardi, AJ TI Spatial distribution of the starbursts in post-starburst coma cluster galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STAR-FORMATION; DISTANT CLUSTERS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; E+A GALAXY; REDSHIFT; SPECTROSCOPY; KINEMATICS; EVOLUTION AB We present long-slit spectra and multicolor CCD images which demonstrate that the strong star formation episodes that occurred in the post-starburst galaxies in the Coma Cluster and two field galaxies were not restricted to the central regions of the galaxies. Rather, the remnant young stars from the starbursts are found to be distributed over a large radius, though changes in the relative strength of the old and young components with radius are evident in a few cases. The Coma galaxies are shown to have exponential disk profiles, and the spectra provide further kinematical evidence that the galaxies are rotating systems, indicating that the galaxies are not ellipticals. The starburst material also appears to be distributed in disks. Such information places constraints on models for the starbursts that involve mergers. Population models are discussed in a companion paper, which show that the post-starburst spectra in these particular galaxies can not be reproduced by normal spiral-like star formation which simply ceased, but rather are due to a burst of star formation which ceased similar to 1 Gyr ago and which presently account for similar to 60% of the light at 4000 Angstrom. Curiously, an on-going starburst galaxy, previously identified in Caldwell er al. [AJ, 106, 413 (1993)] and also observed here, has its vigorous star formation isolated to its bulge region. The associated ionized gas shows peculiar kinematics, when compared to the gas located in the disk. Of four other Coma early-type galaxies with ionized gas studied here, two are shown to have emission spectra characteristic of active galactic nuclei, while two have spectra showing a mixture of HII region and AGN spectra. (C) 1996 American Astronomical Society. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. KAPTEYN LAB, 9700 AV GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS. RP Caldwell, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, FL WHIPPLE OBSERV, BOX 97, AMADO, AZ 85645 USA. NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1086/117762 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN578 UT WOS:A1996TN57800008 ER PT J AU ODea, CP Worrall, DM Baum, SA Stanghellini, C AF ODea, CP Worrall, DM Baum, SA Stanghellini, C TI A ROSAT search for clusters around three powerful radio galaxies at redshifts 0.1<=z<=0.25 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTRACLUSTER GAS; COMPLETE SAMPLE; SPECTRUM; ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTION; QUASAR; GHZ AB We report ROSAT PSPC observations of three powerful radio galaxies. We detect extended emission from the classical double radio galaxy 2053-201 (z=0.1546) with a 0.2-2 keV luminosity (H-0=75 km s(-1) kpc(-1)) of L(x) similar to 3 x 10(43) ergs s(-1), which overlaps the range of luminosities measured for Abell clusters at similar redshifts. We do not detect x-ray emission from the 2 GHz peaked spectrum (GPS) radio galaxies 1345+125 (z=0.122) and 2352+495 (z=0.237). The 3 sigma upper limits to the x-ray luminosity are about L(x)<3x10(42) ergs s(-1), roughly an order of magnitude below the detection of 2053-201. These observations are consistent with the environments of GPS radio galaxies being poor clusters or groups, as indicated by optical imaging. The absence of strong nuclear x-ray emission from the AGN in the GPS galaxies suggests the GPS nuclei are either highly obscured or not intrinsically very powerful x-ray sources. Our x-ray upper limits for the GPS sources rule out two very promising candidates for confining the radio emission to its small subkpc physical size: a hot component of the ISM and a massive cooling flow. Any confining gas must be colder than similar to 10(6) K. However, such gas has so far proved somewhat elusive, with existing radio data implying only modest column densities, insufficient to hide significant nuclear x-ray emission. Our x-ray limits allow hot-gas environments and emission components which are more consistent with measured lower-power (FR1) radio galaxies than with higher-power (FR2) sources. Thus, if GPS sources are young versions of powerful extended radio sources, then our results are consistent with them evolving into FR1 (or weaker) radio sources, i.e., their radio luminosity declines as the sources age. (C) 1996 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CNR,IST RADIOASTRON,NOTO,ITALY. RP ODea, CP (reprint author), ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC,SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. OI Stanghellini, Carlo/0000-0002-6415-854X NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1086/117763 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN578 UT WOS:A1996TN57800009 ER PT J AU Dobrzycka, D Kenyon, SJ Milone, AAE AF Dobrzycka, D Kenyon, SJ Milone, AAE TI Rapid light variations in symbiotic binary stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID T-CORONAE BOREALIS; PECULIAR OBJECT MWC-560; MAGNETIC NEUTRON STARS; HIGH-SPEED PHOTOMETRY; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; RECURRENT NOVA; INHOMOGENEOUS-MEDIUM; AX PERSEI; CH CYGNI; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS AB We describe a search for short time scale light variations in eight symbiotic binary stars. Five systems-Z And, T CrB, AG Dra, BX Mon, and AX Per-do not vary significantly on minute time scales during any of our observations. Three other symbiotics-CH Cyg, RS Oph, and MWC 560-vary with amplitudes of Delta U greater than or equal to 0.2 mag and Delta B approximate to 0.2-0.3 mag on time scales of minutes to tens of minutes. Our data confirm semicoherent variations with P approximate to 22 min in MWC 560. Similar variations with P approximate to 82 min are present in RS Oph. Our data are not extensive enough to test conclusively for periodic light changes in CH Cyg. Rapid photometric variations in symbiotic stars have features in common with those observed in cataclysmic binaries. In particular, three symbiotic stars with rapid periodic light variations have amplitudes and spin periods similar to those observed in the DQ Her subclass of cataclysmic binaries, These systems appear to follow the same spin period-B amplitude relation as the DQ Her stars, which suggests that some symbiotic stars contain magnetic white dwarf secondaries. We also find a marginal correlation of flickering with luminosity; low luminosity hot components have a higher probability of flickering than high luminosity systems. Confirmation of both correlations require larger sample sizes. (C) 1996 American Astronomical Society. C1 COPERNICUS ASTRON CTR,PL-00716 WARSAW,POLAND. RP Dobrzycka, D (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 137 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1086/117794 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN578 UT WOS:A1996TN57800040 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Soderblom, DR Donahue, RA Baliunas, SL AF Henry, TJ Soderblom, DR Donahue, RA Baliunas, SL TI A survey of Ca II H and K chromospheric emission in southern solar-type stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROPER-MOTION STARS; LOWER MAIN-SEQUENCE; PHOTOGRAPHIC ASTROMETRY; BINARY; NEIGHBORHOOD; PHOTOMETRY; ROTATION AB More than 800 southern stars within 50 pc have been observed for chromospheric emission in the cores of the Ca II H and K lines, Most of the sample targets were selected to be G dwarfs on the basis of colors and spectral types. The bimodal. distribution in stellar activity first noted in a sample of northern stars by Vaughan and Preston in 1980 is confirmed, and the percentage of active stars, about 30%, is remarkably consistent between the northern and southern surveys. This is especially compelling given that we have used an entirely different instrumental setup and stellar sample than used in the previous study. Comparisons to the Sun, a relatively inactive star, show that most nearby solar-type stars have a similar activity level, and presumably a similar age. We identify two additional subsamples of stars-a very active group, and a very inactive group. The very active group may be made up of young stars near the Sun, accounting for only a few percent of the sample, and appears to be less than similar to 0.1 Gyr old. Included in this high-activity tail of the distribution, however, is a subset of very close binaries of the RS CVn or W UMa types. The remaining members of this population may be undetected close binaries or very young single stars. The very inactive group of stars, contributing similar to 5%-10% to the total sample, may be those caught during a Maunder Minimum type phase. If the observations of the survey stars are considered to be a sequence of snapshots of the Sun during its life, we might expect that the Sun will spend about 10% of the remainder of its main sequence life in a Maunder Minimum phase. (C) 1996 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,CTR EXCELLENCE INFORMAT SYST,NASHVILLE,TN 37203. ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC,CERRO TOLOLO INTER AMER OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,3700 SAN MARTIN DR,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 54 TC 302 Z9 304 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1 BP 439 EP 465 DI 10.1086/117796 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TN578 UT WOS:A1996TN57800042 ER PT S AU Kochanek, CS AF Kochanek, CS BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI Technical memorandum on core radii in lens statistics SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE ID ELLIPTICAL POTENTIAL WELLS; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; CROSS-SECTIONS; DARK HALOS; GALAXIES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Quantitative estimates of lensing probabilities must be self-consistent. In particular, for asymptotically isothermal models: (1) using the (312)(1/2) correction for the velocity dispersion overestimates the expected number of lenses by 150% and their average separations by 50%, thereby introducing large cosmological errors; (2) when a core radius is added to the SIS model, the velocity dispersion must be increased; and (3) cross sections and magnification bias cannot be separated when computing the lensing probability. When we self-consistently calculate the effects of finite core radii in flat cosmological models, we find that the cosmological limits are independent of the core radius. RP Kochanek, CS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00002 ER PT S AU Haarsma, DB Hewitt, JN Burke, BF Lehar, J AF Haarsma, DB Hewitt, JN Burke, BF Lehar, J BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI The VLA light curves OF 0957+561, 1979-1994 SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE AB The gravitational lens 0957+561 has been monitored by our group for 16 years, using the VLA at 5 GHz. Since our last report in 1992, both images have returned to their quiescent flux levels, and the A image has brightened again. We apply various analysis methods to the light curves, and obtain a preliminary estimate of r = 455 +/- 40 days for the time delay. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Haarsma, DB (reprint author), MIT,77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00009 ER PT S AU Schild, RE Thomson, DJ AF Schild, RE Thomson, DJ BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI The Q0957+561 time delay SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE AB The Q0957+561 time delay remains controversial, and we present four new time delay calculations based upon the intensively sampled data of the last three years. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP Schild, RE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00012 ER PT S AU Bartelmann, M Loeb, A AF Bartelmann, M Loeb, A BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI Influence of gravitational lensing on estimates of Omega in neutral hydrogen SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE C1 MAX PLANCK INST ASTROPHYS,D-85740 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Bartelmann, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00025 ER PT S AU Bartelmann, M Narayan, R AF Bartelmann, M Narayan, R BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI Redshifts of faint blue galaxies from gravitational lensing SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE ID EVOLUTION; MODELS C1 MAX PLANCK INST ASTROPHYS,D-85740 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Bartelmann, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00038 ER PT S AU Kochanek, CS AF Kochanek, CS BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI Gravitational lenses and the structure of galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE ID ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DARK HALOS; DISTRIBUTIONS; POTENTIALS; STATISTICS; IMAGE AB Nearly singular isothermal mass distributions with small core radii are consistent with stellar dynamics, lens statistics, and lens models as a model for E/SO galaxies. Models like the de Vaucouleurs model with a constant mass-to-light ratio are not. While the isothermal distributions are probably an oversimplification, E/SO galaxies (at least in projection) must have significant amounts of dark matter on scales of an effective radius. RP Kochanek, CS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00047 ER PT S AU Lehar, J Braodhurst, T AF Lehar, J Braodhurst, T BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI Is IRAS F10214+4724 gravitationally lensed? SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE ID GALAXY AB We show that the z = 2.3 IRAS source F10214+4724 is gravitationally lensed by an intervening galaxy, as suggested by the observed near-IR structures. Its many anomalous properties can be explained if the source is an ordinary Seyfert 2 nucleus whose central regions are much more highly magnified than the surrounding host galaxy. Confirming expectations, we find a counterimage to the near-IR arc, and find spectral evidence for the lensing galaxy at z similar to 1. We present new optical images which show that the optical source is compact and highly magnified. F10214+4724 may represent a population of lensed AGNs whose central engines are obscured. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Lehar, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00065 ER PT S AU Thomson, DJ Schild, RE AF Thomson, DJ Schild, RE BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI The Q0957+561 microlensing SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE AB The TwQSO microlensing shows rich structure with cusp-profiled features on time scales of weeks to months, and with periodic effects on time scales of a few years. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Thomson, DJ (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS,600 MT AVE,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 267 EP 268 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00073 ER PT S AU Press, WH AF Press, WH BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI Prognosticating the future of gravitational lenses SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE ID PLANETARY SYSTEMS; TIME-DELAY; OBJECTS; MATTER; MASS RP Press, WH (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 407 EP 414 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00115 ER PT S AU Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS AF Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS BE Kochanek, CS Hewitt, JN TI Summary of data on secure multiply imaged systems SO ASTROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 173rd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing CY JUL 09-14, 1995 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IAU Commiss 47, IAU Commiss 40 HO UNIV MELBOURNE AB We present an extensive summary of the position, redshift, and flux data on the secure, multiply imaged, quasar and radio lenses. It includes neither the less-promising (in the opinion of the author) lens candidates nor the cluster lenses (which are too hard to reduce to short tables of numbers). A broader listing of suggested lenses and also of the cluster lenses is available at (see Pospieszalskia-Surdej et al. in this volume): http://www.stsci.edu/ftp/stsci/library/grav_lens/grav_lens.html RP Keeton, CR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3954-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 173 BP 419 EP 439 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF25F UT WOS:A1996BF25F00118 ER PT J AU Metcalfe, TS Mathieu, RD Latham, DW Torres, G AF Metcalfe, TS Mathieu, RD Latham, DW Torres, G TI Low-mass double-lined eclipsing binary CM Draconis: A test of the primordial helium abundance and the mass-radius relation near the bottom of the main sequence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, eclipsing; binariesi spectroscopic; stars, abundances; stars, individual (CM Draconis); stars, Population II ID MODELS AB CM Dra is the least massive main-sequence eclipsing double-lined spectroscopic binary currently known. Consequently, this system offers a unique opportunity to test stellar structure models near the bottom of the main sequence. The orbital solution of Lacy (1977) established the masses and radii of the two components with uncertainties of a few percent, but these errors are too large to distinguish between competing models. We present a new double-lined orbital solution based on 233 echelle spectra obtained with the CfA Digital Speedometers over the past 10 yr. Radial velocities for both components were determined using TODCOR, a two-dimensional correlation technique. Using Lacy's (1977) value for orbital inclination, we derive individual masses of M(A) = 0.2307 +/- 0.0010 and M(B) = 0.2136 +/- 0.0010 M. and a mass ratio of q = 0.9260 +/- 0.0026. Using Lacy's light-curve solution and our spectroscopic orbit we derive individual radii of R(A) = 0.2516 +/- 0.0020 and R(B) = 0.2347 +/- 0.0019 R.. When plotted on a mass-radius diagram, the slope defined by the two components of CM Dra agrees well with the predictions of recent models. The ability to distinguish between models is limited by the uncertainties in the radii and the metal abundance. Following the analysis of Paczynski & Sienkiewicz (1984), we derive bulk helium abundances for the two components of Y-A = 0.32 and Y-B = 0.31. The uncertainty in the difference of these two helium abundances, Y-A-Y-B, is +/-0.02 and depends only on the uncertainty in the ratios of the masses and radii. The uncertainty in the absolute value of these helium abundances set by the uncertainties in the luminosity (including parallax and bolometric correction), radii, ages, and masses is +/-0.04. CM Dra, appears to be a member of Population II. Thus there is some promise that it will be able to provide a useful test of the primordial helium abundance. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,MADISON,WI 53706. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Metcalfe, TS (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ASTRON,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Metcalfe, Travis/A-9388-2008 OI Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416 NR 21 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 1 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1086/176657 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TM837 UT WOS:A1996TM83700035 ER PT J AU Gray, DF Baliunas, SL Lockwood, GW Skiff, BA AF Gray, DF Baliunas, SL Lockwood, GW Skiff, BA TI Variations of beta Comae through a magnetic minimum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars, activity; stars, individual (B Comae); stars, magnetic fields ID SPECTRAL-LINE ASYMMETRIES; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; STELLAR ACTIVITY; RADIAL-VELOCITY; ROTATION; EMISSION; HISTORY; SEARCH; SUN AB The dwarf star beta Com = HR 4983 = HD 114710 (G0 V, B-V = 0.57) is close to the Sun in the H-R diagram, being only approximate to 260 K hotter. We present measurements done over several years of (1) the line depth ratios of V I lambda 6251.83 to Fe I lambda 6252.57 to establish the temperature, (2) the line bisectors as a measure of the star's granulation, (3) Ca II H and K emission as an indirect indicator of magnetic activity, and (4) the blue and visual magnitudes as an indication of the power output. All these parameters show a similar variation consisting of a broad minimum extending over approximately 5 years, but the minima do not occur at the same epoch. The magnetic signature leads the others in time. Time lags relative to the magnetic variation are 0.9 +/- 0.3 yr for the photometric data, 2.9 +/- 0.3 yr for the temperature, and 2.9 +/- 0.5 yr for the granulation. A 1% variation in radius during the 5 yr interval is indicated. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. LOWELL OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP Gray, DF (reprint author), UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT ASTRON,LONDON,ON N6A 3K7,CANADA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 1 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1086/176658 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TM837 UT WOS:A1996TM83700036 ER PT J AU Elston, R Bechtold, J Hill, GJ Ge, J AF Elston, R Bechtold, J Hill, GJ Ge, J TI A redshift 4.38 Mg II absorber toward BR 1202-0725 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early universe; galaxies, evolution; galaxies, formation; quasars, absorption lines; quasars, individual (1202-07) ID ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; LINE; GAS AB We have detected a strong (EW(obs) = 20 Angstrom) redshift 4.38 Mg II absorber toward the redshift 4.68 quasar BR 1202-0725. The identification of this feature as Mg II lambda lambda 2796, 2803 is supported by the identification of a damped Ly alpha absorber and ultraviolet Si II lambda 1526 absorption at the same redshift. The strengths of Mg II lambda lambda 2796, 2803 and Si II lambda 1526 are consistent with those of strong low-redshift Mg II systems, damped Ly alpha absorbers, and diffuse clouds within the Milky Way. C IV lambda lambda 1548, 1550 is not detected, indicating a lower ionization state than is seen in lower redshift Mg II absorbers and within the interstellar medium of our Galaxy. The detection of a single strong Mg II absorber at z > 4.2, among the three quasars observed with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to detect an absorber, is consistent with the statistics and evolution of lower redshift Mg II absorbers. Thus, despite being at nearly twice the redshift of any previously identified Mg II absorber, this system appears quite similar to lower redshift Mg II systems that are identified with normal field galaxies. Because of the saturated nature of the Si II and Mg II lines, the metallicity of the gas is uncertain, but it is clear that some enrichment of Si and Mg, probably amounting to more than 1% of solar, has occurred by a redshift of 4.38. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV TEXAS,MCDONALD OBSERV,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV ARIZONA,SMITHSONIAN INST,MULTIPLE MIRROR TELESCOPE OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Elston, R (reprint author), NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,CERRO TOLOLO INTER AMER OBSERV,CASILLA 603,LA SERENA,CHILE. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 1 BP L13 EP L16 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TM838 UT WOS:A1996TM83800004 ER PT J AU Landy, SD Shectman, SA Lin, H Kirshner, RP Oemler, AA Tucker, D AF Landy, SD Shectman, SA Lin, H Kirshner, RP Oemler, AA Tucker, D TI Two-dimensional power spectrum of the Las Campanas redshift survey: Detection of excess power on 100h(-1) Mpc scales SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; galaxies, clusters, general; large-scale structure of universe ID GALAXIES AB We have measured the two-dimensional power spectrum of the Las Campanas Redshift Survey on scales between 30 and 200 h(-1) Mpc(q(0) = 0.5, H-0 = 100 h km s(-1) Mpc(-1)). Such an analysis is more sensitive to structure on scales greater than 50 h(-1) Mpc than a full three-dimensional analysis, given the geometry of the survey. We find a strong peak in the power spectrum at similar to 100 h(-1) Mpc relative to the smooth continuum expected from the best-fit cold dark matter model (Prob similar to 2.5 x 10(-4) with Omega h = 0.3 assuming a Gaussian random field). This signal is detected in two independent directions on the sky and has been identified with numerous structures visible in the survey that appear as walls and voids. Therefore, we conclude that there exists a significant increase in power on this scale and that such structures are common features in the local universe, z less than or equal to 0.2. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. YALE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. ASTROPHYS INST POTSDAM,D-14482 POTSDAM,GERMANY. RP Landy, SD (reprint author), CARNEGIE OBSERV,813 SANTA BARBARA ST,PASADENA,CA 91101, USA. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 24 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 1 BP L1 EP & PN 2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TM838 UT WOS:A1996TM83800001 ER PT J AU Pascarelle, SM Windhorst, RA Driver, SP Ostrander, EJ Keel, WC AF Pascarelle, SM Windhorst, RA Driver, SP Ostrander, EJ Keel, WC TI The serendipitous discovery of a group or cluster of young galaxies at z similar or equal to 2.40 in deep Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, clusters, general; galaxies, distances and redshifts; galaxies, evolution; galaxies, formation; quasars, general ID LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION; RADIO-QUIET GALAXY; REDSHIFT; ABSORBER; SYSTEMS AB We report the serendipitous discovery of a group or cluster of young galaxies at z similar or equal to 2.40 in a 24 orbit Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 exposure of the field around the weak radio galaxy 53W002. Potential cluster members were identified on ground-based narrowband redshifted Ly alpha images and confirmed via spectroscopy. In addition to the known weak radio galaxy 53W002 at z = 2.390, two other objects were found to have excess narrowband Lya! emission at z similar or equal to 2.40. Both have been spectroscopically confirmed, and one clearly contains a weak active galactic nucleus (AGN). They are located within 1' of 53W002 or similar to 0.23 h(100)(-1) Mpc (q(0) = 0.5) at z similar or equal to 2.40, which is the physical scale of a group or small cluster of galaxies. Profile fitting of the WFPC2 images shows that the objects are very compact, with scale lengths similar or equal to 0''.1 (similar or equal to 0.39 h(100)(-1) kpc), and are rather faint (luminosities < L*), implying that they may be subgalactic-sized objects. We discuss these results in the context of galaxy and cluster evolution and the role that weak AGNs may play in the formation of young galaxies. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487. AURA INC,SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,NASA ESA HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,SMITHSONIAN INST,MULTIPLE MIRROR TELESCOPE OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CALTECH,CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,PALOMAR OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP Pascarelle, SM (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. RI Driver, Simon/H-9115-2014 OI Driver, Simon/0000-0001-9491-7327 NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 456 IS 1 BP L21 EP & PN 2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TM838 UT WOS:A1996TM83800006 ER PT J AU Huchra, JP Brodie, JP Caldwell, N Christian, C Schommer, R AF Huchra, JP Brodie, JP Caldwell, N Christian, C Schommer, R TI Extragalactic globular clusters .4. The data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies, stellar content; globular clusters, general; stars, abundances ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; DWARF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS; INTEGRATED LIGHT; STANDARD STARS; GIANT STARS; METALLICITY; M31; ABUNDANCES; SYSTEM AB We have explored the use of absorption line strength indices, measured from integrated globular cluster spectra, to predict mean metallicity in late-type stellar systems. In previous papers we identified the best indices for such metallicity calibrations out of similar to 13 measured in a large sample of galactic and M31 cluster spectra. In this paper we present the individual measurements of 13 indices and averages of multiple measurements, where appropriate. Data are given for 151 M31 globular clusters, 88 galaxies, 22 M33 cluster candidates, 10 M87 clusters, eight M81 globular clusters, three Fornax dwarf galaxy clusters, ''standard'' stars from the lists of Faber et al., stars in the open cluster NGC 188 and, for completeness, other stars observed as candidate globular clusters. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR EUV ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NOAA,CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV,LA SERENA,CHILE. RP Huchra, JP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 102 IS 1 BP 29 EP 55 DI 10.1086/192250 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK928 UT WOS:A1996TK92800002 ER PT J AU Micela, G Sciortino, S Kashyap, V Harnden, FR Rosner, R AF Micela, G Sciortino, S Kashyap, V Harnden, FR Rosner, R TI ROSAT observations of the Pleiades .1. X-ray characteristics of a coeval stellar population SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations, individual (Pleiades); stars, late-type; stars, rotation; surveys; X-rays, stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; PROPER-MOTION MEMBERSHIP; RAPIDLY ROTATING STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; ASTRONOMICAL DATA; CORONAL ACTIVITY; HYADES CLUSTER; FAINT MEMBERS; BINARY STARS; UPPER LIMITS AB We report the results of a deep X-ray survey of the core region of the Pleiades carried out with ROSAT. In a single PSPC field ( similar to 1 degrees radius), we detect 99 of 214 Pleiades stars, and we compute upper limits for the remainder. We have detected all early dM stars that fell within 20' of the field's center, where the instrument's sensitivity is highest. We have computed maximum-likelihood integral X-ray luminosity functions in various B - V intervals and compared the results with previous studies of the Pleiades. Our results support the contention that B and dA star ''detections'' are likely due to X-ray emission from lower mass companions; we confirm the existence of a stellar age versus X-ray luminosity relation found with the Einstein Observatory for dG stars and extend it to dK and dM stars, and we construct an essentially statistically complete X-ray luminosity function for Pleiades dG stars and an almost complete X-ray luminosity function for dK stars. We have verified the stellar rotation versus X-ray luminosity relation for Pleiades dG stars and also show that a similar relation does not hold for dK stars. Indeed, it appears that some stellar parameters other than age and/or rotation rate must affect the level of X-ray emission of Pleiades dG and dK stars. We demonstrate the lack of measurable variability in X-ray emission at timescales of similar to 6 months (except for flares) and the presence of variability by a factor of 2 on timescales of similar to 10 yr in at least 15% of Pleiades members. The magnitude of this variability (by a factor of similar to 2) is too small to account for the spread of the X-ray luminosity functions. C1 UNIV CHICAGO, DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV CHICAGO, ENRICO FERMI INST, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. RP IST & OSSERVATORIO ASTRON PALERMO, PALAZZO NORMANNI, I-90134 PALERMO, ITALY. NR 91 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 102 IS 1 BP 75 EP 103 DI 10.1086/192252 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK928 UT WOS:A1996TK92800004 ER PT J AU Habbal, SR AF Habbal, SR TI Inferences of plasma parameters from coronal hole observations SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 154 on Solar and Interplanetary Transients CY JAN 23-27, 1995 CL PUNE, INDIA SP IAU Commiss 49, IAU Commiss 10, Indian Natl Comm URSI, Indian Space Res Org, Univ Grants Commiss DE temperature; helium abundance; solar wind ID SOLAR-WIND; HELIUM AB The temperature in the acceleration region of the solar wind remains one of the most elusive parameters to measure. Knowledge of the temperature as well as its gradient in the inner corona is fundamental for placing constraints on physical mechanisms thought to be responsible for the coronal heating process, as well as for understanding the flow properties of the solar wind. Estimates of the helium abundance is essential for understanding the puzzling behavior of heavier ions in the solar wind. As an illustration of the difficulties and uncertainties involved in the inferences of plasma parameters in the solar wind acceleration region, the inference of electron temperature and helium abundance will be described. Prospects for future observations will be briefly discussed. RP Habbal, SR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 1996 VL 243 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1007/BF00644032 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XH625 UT WOS:A1996XH62500009 ER PT J AU Esser, R AF Esser, R TI Recent development in solar wind modeling SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 154 on Solar and Interplanetary Transients CY JAN 23-27, 1995 CL PUNE, INDIA SP IAU Commiss 49, IAU Commiss 10, Indian Natl Comm URSI, Indian Space Res Org, Univ Grants Commiss DE transition region; corona; solar wind ID TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL HOLES; MASS AB An improved knowledge of the physical conditions in the low corona and solar wind can only be obtained through careful comparisons between theoretical descriptions of the solar wind expansion and plasma parameters derived from observations. In this review we will present a summary of recent approaches in solar wind modeling. The plasma parameters characterizing the solar wind models will be compared to constraints inferred from in-situ and remote observations. We will then discuss the implications of the results obtained from this study for future model studies and observations. Emphasis will be placed on high-speed solar wind streams originating from large coronal holes. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 1996 VL 243 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1007/BF00644033 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XH625 UT WOS:A1996XH62500010 ER PT J AU Birkinshaw, M AF Birkinshaw, M TI Instabilities in astrophysical jets SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advanced School on Astrophysical and Space Plasmas CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GUARUJA, BRAZIL SP FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES, Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron & Geofis, DEDALUS Brazil DE jets; beams; magnetohydrodynamics; radiogalaxies ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITIES; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; X-RAY-EMISSION; RELATIVISTIC PARTICLE BEAMS; INVISCID COMPRESSIBLE FLUID; ADIABATICALLY EXPANDING JET; VORTEX SHEET APPROXIMATION; SHEAR-LAYER INSTABILITY; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; CYGNUS-A AB The observed properties of astrophysical jets are reviewed, and the techniques used to estimate the parameters of the underlying beams are described. This information is then used in a theoretical treatment of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of the flows, and the relevance of this instability to the persistence of the observed structures is emphasised. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Birkinshaw, M (reprint author), UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT PHYS,TYNDALL AVE,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND. NR 156 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 1996 VL 242 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 92 DI 10.1007/BF00645111 PG 76 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XE954 UT WOS:A1996XE95400002 ER PT B AU Brickhouse, NS AF Brickhouse, NS BE Bowyer, S Malina, RF TI Dissecting the EUV spectrum of Capella SO ASTROPHYSICS IN THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 152nd IAU Colloquium on Astrophysics in the Extreme Ultraviolet CY MAR 27-30, 1995 CL BERKELEY, CA SP IAU C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3908-8 PY 1996 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE98L UT WOS:A1996BE98L00017 ER PT B AU Dupree, AK Brickhouse, NS Hanson, GJ AF Dupree, AK Brickhouse, NS Hanson, GJ BE Bowyer, S Malina, RF TI High temperature structure in cool binary stars SO ASTROPHYSICS IN THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 152nd IAU Colloquium on Astrophysics in the Extreme Ultraviolet CY MAR 27-30, 1995 CL BERKELEY, CA SP IAU C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3908-8 PY 1996 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE98L UT WOS:A1996BE98L00022 ER PT B AU Callanan, PJ Bookbinder, J Drake, JJ Fruscione, A AF Callanan, PJ Bookbinder, J Drake, JJ Fruscione, A BE Bowyer, S Malina, RF TI An EUVE detection of a low-mass X-ray binary? AC211 in m15 SO ASTROPHYSICS IN THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 152nd IAU Colloquium on Astrophysics in the Extreme Ultraviolet CY MAR 27-30, 1995 CL BERKELEY, CA SP IAU C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3908-8 PY 1996 BP 431 EP 435 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE98L UT WOS:A1996BE98L00069 ER PT S AU Brickhouse, NS AF Brickhouse, NS BE Osterheld, AL Goldstein, WH TI EUV spectroscopy of stellar coronae SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS: TENTH TOPICAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th American-Physical-Society Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY JAN 14-18, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, US DOE, Off Fus Energy, US DOE, Off Energy Res, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Space Technol Directorate C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-552-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 381 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BG55C UT WOS:A1996BG55C00004 ER PT J AU Ono, KA Boness, DJ AF Ono, KA Boness, DJ TI Sexual dimorphism in sea lion pups: Differential maternal investment, or sex-specific differences in energy allocation? SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California sea lion; maternal investment; sexual dimorphism; growth rate; metabolic rate ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GALAPAGOENSIS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; MASS CHANGES; GROWTH; MILK; GAZELLA; CALVES; TABLES; RATIO AB Proximal mechanisms underlying a faster growth rate in male compared to female California sea lion pups were investigated. Males are significantly larger at birth than females. Specifically, we asked if differential maternal investment contributed to enhanced male growth via: (1) larger mothers having disproportionately more male pups, (2) more time and energy put into foraging by mothers of male pups, and (3) greater milk production in mothers of male pups. We also considered four aspects of differential energy utilization and acquisition by male and female pups: (1) male pups attempting to save energy for growth by changes in behavior, (2) longer suckling bouts with mother and more sneak suckling of non-filial females by male pups, (3) lower maintenance costs in males via a lowered resting metabolic rate, and (4) increased assimilation efficiency in males. Our study showed that there are no differences in the size of females or length of foraging trips for mothers of male and female pups. Male pups received more milk from their mothers, but the difference was no longer significant when the larger body size of males was considered. There were no differences in either the activity budgets or suckling behavior of male and female pups. Male pups, however, did have lower resting metabolic rates than females. We conclude that enhanced male perinatal growth is a consequence of a larger size at birth, proportionally more milk from mothers to support the greater demands of larger body size, and lower maintenance costs due to a lower resting metabolic rate. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 59 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s002650050214 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA TV589 UT WOS:A1996TV58900004 ER PT B AU Wright, SJ AF Wright, SJ BE Orians, GH Dirzo, R Cushman, JH TI Plant species diversity and ecosystem functioning in tropical forests SO BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN TROPICAL FORESTS SE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES : ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Processes in Tropical Forests CY DEC 04-07, 1993 CL OAXTEPEC, MEXICO C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BAIBOA,ANCON,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-59275-X J9 ECOL STU AN PY 1996 VL 122 BP 11 EP 31 PG 21 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG08R UT WOS:A1996BG08R00002 ER PT B AU Faden, RB Inman, KE AF Faden, RB Inman, KE BE vanderMaesen, LJG vanderBurgt, XM vanMedenbachdeRooy, JM TI Leaf anatomy of the African genera of Commelinaceae: Anthericopsis and Murdannia SO BIODIVERSITY OF AFRICAN PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIVth Congress of the Association-pour-l-Etude-Taxonomique-de-la-Flore-d-Afrique-Tropicale (AETFAT) CY AUG 22-27, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Assoc Etude Taxonom Flore Afrique Trop, ABV AMRO Bank, Wageningen, AMEV Nederland N V, Wageningen, Anti Apartheidsfonds, Wageningen, Backhuys Universal Book Serv, Leiden, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Dev Training & Cultural Coope, rat, Brussels, Belgium, Minist Foreign Affairs, Directorate Gen Int Cooperat, The Hague, IBN DLO, Inst Forestry & Nat Res, Wageningen, Kluwer Acad Publ, Dordrecht, Kniphorst Int Booksellers, Wageningen, Harden Botan Natl Belgique, Meise, Belgium, RABO Bank, Utrecht, Rotary Club, Ede, Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Shell Nederland B V, Rotterdam, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Ede, Tropenbos Fdn, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Wageningen DE anatomy; Anthericopsis; Commelinaceae; leaf; Murdannia; phylogeny AB Leaf anatomy of Anthericopsis sepalosa and nine species of Murdannia was studied using scanning electron microscopy, paraffin embedded sections, whole leaf clearings, and epidermal scrapes. Anthericopsis was distinctive because of its attenuate margin with basal tannin cells and a broad, discontinuous, adaxial hypodermis. Murdannia was characterized by a thin epidermis, patterned cuticle, usually continuous hypodermis, and generally marginal sclerenchyma. Both genera showed several apparently synapomorphic characters, such as lack of a thick midrib, presence of a broad adaxial hypodermis, and a tapered margin, that separated them from other genera of tribe Commelineae. The anatomical support morphological data that show a phylogenetic relationship between the two genera. RP Faden, RB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4095-7 PY 1996 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BH47V UT WOS:A1996BH47V00058 ER PT B AU Allen, ME Oftedal, OT Horst, RL AF Allen, ME Oftedal, OT Horst, RL BE Holick, MF Jung, EG TI Remarkable differences in the response to dietary vitamin D among species of reptiles and primates: Is ultraviolet B light essential? SO BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT 1995 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Arnold Rikli Symposium on Biologic Effects of Light CY OCT 09-11, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Inst Friedrich Wolff AG, Light Symp Fdn RP Allen, ME (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER PI BERLIN 30 PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, W-1000 BERLIN 30, GERMANY BN 3-11-014899-4 PY 1996 BP 13 EP 38 PG 26 WC Biophysics; Dermatology SC Biophysics; Dermatology GA BH54R UT WOS:A1996BH54R00002 ER PT J AU Warkentin, IG Hernandez, D AF Warkentin, IG Hernandez, D TI The conservation implications of site fidelity: A Case study involving nearctic-neotropical migrant songbirds wintering in a Costa Rican mangrove SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE site fidelity; winter; nearctic-neotropical migrant; habitat conservation; Costa Rica ID SWALLOWS HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SIZE; MATE; AGE AB The ecological and conservation implications of site fidelity among nearctic-neotropical migrant songbirds wintering in a Costa Rican mangrove forest were examined. During two boreal winters, 168 (24%) of 700 individuals were captured more than once within winter seasons. Among these, birds from six of 15 migratory species were re-trapped. The vast majority of recaptures were either prothonotary warblers Protonotaria citrea or northern waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis. Between winters, only prothonotary warblers, northern water thrush and yellow warblers Dendroica petechia were recaptured, with 55 (16%) of 336 individuals originally caught in winter 1990-91 being re-trapped in winter 1991-92. Examination of body condition indices revealed no significant difference between prothonotary warblers which returned the second year and those which did not, but northern waterthrush which returned for a second winter had significantly greater body mass and body condition indices than those which did not return. Although we detected no differences in between-year recapture rate for migrants at this site, differences in site fidelity may exist and be an important conservation issue for nearctic-neotropical migrants. Those species with high levels of site fidelity between years may be less adaptable to habitat degradation and loss. As distance between patches of suitable habitat grows with increasing deforestation of tropical zones, even returning to the same region may not lead to the discovery of suitable habitat. Migratory species such as these may be the most vulnerable to population declines in the face of losses on their wintering grounds. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. MUSEO NACL COST RICA, DEPT HIST NAT, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA. UNIV NACL, PROGRAMA REG MANEJO VIDA SILVETRE MESOAMER & CARI, HEREDIA, COSTA RICA. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1996 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(95)00146-8 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UT594 UT WOS:A1996UT59400004 ER PT J AU Fortey, RA Briggs, DEG Wills, MA AF Fortey, RA Briggs, DEG Wills, MA TI The Cambrian evolutionary 'explosion': Decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE metazoan phylogeny; cladistics; ghost ranges; basal Cambrian; Vendozoa; adaptive radiation ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; BURGESS SHALE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; NORTH-AMERICA; ARTHROPODS; RADIATION; BOUNDARY; METAZOA; ORIGIN AB The origin and differentiation of major clades is often assumed to have occurred in tandem with the 'explosion' of fossil evidence of diverse morphologies ('disparity') at the base of the Cambrian. Evidence is presented that this was not the case. Biogeographical and morphological differentiation among the earliest trilobites reveals incompleteness in the known early Cambrian record; similar evidence can be accrued for other major groups. Phylogenetic analysis proves the likelihood of 'ghost' lineages extending into the Precambrian. The important events in the generation of clades were earlier than the Cambrian 'explosion', at which time the groups become manifest in the fossil record. It is likely that the important phylogenetic changes happened in animals of small size; sister taxa of major groups are shown to be small animals. Decoupling cladogenesis from the Cambrian 'explosion' removes the necessity of invoking unknown evolutionary mechanisms at the base of the Phanerozoic. Genes controlling development may have played a role in generating new morphologies, through heterochrony for example, in the early differentiation of metazoan body plans. C1 UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT GEOL,BRISTOL BS8 1RJ,AVON,ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Fortey, RA (reprint author), NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT PALAEONTOL,CROMWELL RD,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. NR 96 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 5 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 57 IS 1 BP 13 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01693.x PG 21 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA TZ075 UT WOS:A1996TZ07500002 ER PT J AU Roberts, RL Wolf, KN Wildt, DE Kleiman, DG Rall, WF AF Roberts, RL Wolf, KN Wildt, DE Kleiman, DG Rall, WF TI Impact of mating duration on ovulation and embryo development in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NIH,NATL CTR RES RESOURCES,VET RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900052 ER PT J AU Jewgenow, K Wood, TC Wildt, DE AF Jewgenow, K Wood, TC Wildt, DE TI Assessment of DNA-degradation in mural granulosa cells of non- and slightly atretic follicles of fresh and cold-stored domestic cat ovaries. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST ZOO BIOL & WILDLIFE RES,BERLIN,GERMANY. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900127 ER PT J AU Pratt, NC Hildebrandt, TH Goritz, F Lehnhardt, JL Brown, JL Howard, JG Schmitt, DL Cambre, RC Spelman, LH Montali, RJ AF Pratt, NC Hildebrandt, TH Goritz, F Lehnhardt, JL Brown, JL Howard, JG Schmitt, DL Cambre, RC Spelman, LH Montali, RJ TI Non-invasive reproductive assessment and artificial insemination of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. DICKERSON PK ZOO,SPRINGFIELD,MO. INST ZOOL BIOL & WILDLIFE RES,BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900137 ER PT J AU Pukazhenthi, BS Long, JA Weldt, DE Ottinger, MA Wolfe, B Bush, M Howard, JG AF Pukazhenthi, BS Long, JA Weldt, DE Ottinger, MA Wolfe, B Bush, M Howard, JG TI Role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in regulation of in vitro sperm function in non-domestic felids. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 331 EP 331 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900331 ER PT J AU Long, JA Pukazhenthi, BS Wildt, DE Kramer, L Citino, S Howard, JG AF Long, JA Pukazhenthi, BS Wildt, DE Kramer, L Citino, S Howard, JG TI Sperm capacitation in vitro in the leopard cat (Felis bengalensis) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA. COLUMBUS ZOO,POWELL,OH. WHITE OAK CONSERVAT CTR,YULEE,FL. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900333 ER PT J AU Roth, TL Weiss, RB Buff, JL Bush, LM Wildt, DE Bush, M AF Roth, TL Weiss, RB Buff, JL Bush, LM Wildt, DE Bush, M TI Heterologous in vitro fertilization and sperm capacitation in the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 335 EP 335 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900335 ER PT J AU Penfold, LM Jewgenow, K Wildt, DE AF Penfold, LM Jewgenow, K Wildt, DE TI Viability of cryopreserved cat pre-antral follicles. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA. INST ZOO BIOL & WILDLIFE RES,BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900516 ER PT J AU Swanson, WF Wolfe, BA Brown, JL Roth, TL Wildt, DE AF Swanson, WF Wolfe, BA Brown, JL Roth, TL Wildt, DE TI Pharmacokinetics and ovarian stimulatory effects of exogenous gonadotropins administered singly and in combination in the domestic cat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1996 VL 54 SU 1 BP 530 EP 530 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA VF099 UT WOS:A1996VF09900531 ER PT J AU Chace, EA AF Chace, EA TI Misleading view of on-line museums SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP Chace, EA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TL766 UT WOS:A1996TL76600002 ER PT J AU Losos, E Hayes, J Phillips, A Wilcove, D Alkire, C AF Losos, E Hayes, J Phillips, A Wilcove, D Alkire, C TI A slanted party line - Response SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH EARTH SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. ENVIRONM DEF FUND,WASHINGTON,DC 20009. WILDERNESS SOC,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. RP Losos, E (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR TROP FOREST SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TL766 UT WOS:A1996TL76600007 ER PT S AU Dimichele, WA Phillips, TL AF Dimichele, WA Phillips, TL BE Hart, MB TI Climate change, plant extinctions and vegetational recovery during the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian transition: The case of tropical peat-forming environments in North America SO BIOTIC RECOVERY FROM MASS EXTINCTION EVENTS SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events CY SEP 03-11, 1994 CL PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH, AVON, ENGLAND BA1 3JN SN 0305-8719 BN 1-897799-45-4 J9 GEOL SOC SP PY 1996 IS 102 BP 201 EP 221 PG 21 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BF61L UT WOS:A1996BF61L00014 ER PT J AU Strong, MT AF Strong, MT TI A new unispiculate species of Bulbostylis (Cyperaceae) from Brazil SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Bulbostylis; Brazil; Cyperaceae AB Bulbostylis splendens from Brazil is described, illustrated, and compared to a related taxon. RP Strong, MT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,MRC-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1 BP 96 EP 99 DI 10.2307/2807669 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UC230 UT WOS:A1996UC23000011 ER PT J AU Thomas, JD AF Thomas, JD TI Ecology and behavior of Maxillipius commensalis, a gorgonophile amphipod from Madang, Papua New Guinea (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Maxillipiidae) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Maxillipius commensalis Lowry, is reported as an ectocommensal on arborescent gorgonaceans from coral reefs at Madang, Papua New Guinea. The family is reviewed and the male of this species is described. In-situ behavior studies show the amphipods to crowd close together in large numbers on one side of a gorgonian stalk. The terminal articles of the sixth pereopods are greatly elongated and whip-like and are waved at the sides in a circular motion, possibly facilitating spacing or feeding. When disturbed, the amphipods react en masse as a coherent group rather than as individuals. RP Thomas, JD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DIV CRUSTACEA 163,NHB STOP,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 58 IS 1 BP 314 EP 323 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA TP479 UT WOS:A1996TP47900020 ER PT J AU Voss, RS Emmons, LH AF Voss, RS Emmons, LH TI Mammalian diversity in Neotropical lowland rainforests: A preliminary assessment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Review ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST; NORTH-AMERICAN MAMMALS; SPECIES RICHNESS; PRIMATE COMMUNITIES; FRENCH-GUIANA; SOUTH-AMERICA; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT UTILIZATION AB Information about the magnitude and geographic distribution of mammalian diversity in Neotropical lowland rainforests is important for evaluating research and conservation priorities in Central and South America. Although relevant inventory data are rapidly accumulating in the literature, real site-to-site diversity differences are hard to identify because many confounding factors can affect the size and composition of faunal lists. Herein we assess the available information about Neotropical rainforest mammal diversity and suggest guidelines for future work by reviewing inventory methods, documenting and discussing faunal lists from ten localities, and summarizing geographic range data to predict diversity patterns that can be tested by field and museum research. All inventory methods are biased because each is suitable for collecting or observing only a fraction of the morphologically and behaviorally diverse mammalian fauna that inhabits Neotropical rainforests. Hence, many methods must be used in combination to census whole communities. Although no combination of methods can be guaranteed to produce complete inventories, the omission or nonintensive application of any of several essential methods probably guarantees incomplete results. We recommend nine methods that, used intensively and in combination, should maximize the efficiency of future inventory fieldwork. Ten rainforest mammal inventories selected as exemplars illustrate several common problems: sampling effort is highly variable from study to study, species accumulation curves are not asymptotic for any fauna, essential field methods were omitted in every case, and some localities were partially defaunated by hunters prior to inventory. Meaningful diversity comparisons are therefore impossible without a major investment in additional fieldwork at each site. Geographic range data provide an essential alternative source of diversity estimates. Comparisons of inventory results with geographic expectations (diversity predictions based on range data) suggest that all existing inventories are incomplete, that the degree of incompleteness is inversely correlated with inventory duration, and that special methods are required to add elusive species to faunal lists. The range data at hand also suggest several geographic patterns that should be tested with carefully focussed fieldwork. (1) Mammalian diversity in Amazonia is probably greatest in the western subregion (between the Rio Negro and the Rio Madeira, where over 200 species might be sympatric at some localities), least in the Guiana subregion (east of the Negro and north of the Amazon), and intermediate in southeastern Amazonia (east of the Madeira and south of the Amazon). (2) Geographic variation in Amazonian diversity chiefly involves marsupials, bats, primates, and rodents; by contrast, xenarthran, carnivore, and ungulate faunas are remarkably uniform across the entire region. (3) In Central American rainforests, a conspicuous and apparently monotonic diversity gradient extends from eastern Panama (where mammalian diversity is within the range of Amazonian values) to southern Mexico (where mammalian diversity may be less than anywhere else on the rainforested Neotropical mainland). Mammalian diversity in coastal Venezuelan and southeastern Brazilian rainforests is difficult to assess with existing literature and collection resources, but neither region is likely to be as diverse as Amazonia. Despite a few dissenting voices, the literature of New World mammalogy provides compelling evidence that mammalian diversity, as measured by sympatric species richness, is greatest in lowland tropical rainforests and decreases along gradients of increasing latitude, elevation, and aridity. Thus, the mammalian faunas of western Amazonia are the most diverse of any in the Americas and perhaps in the world. We briefly discuss the generality and causes of observed diversity patterns in terms of contemporary ecology and historical scenarios. Significant advances in understanding mammalian diversity patterns in Neotropical rainforests will require systematic revisions of many problematic genera and an aggressive program to inventory poorly sampled areas while opportunities to do so yet remain. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, DIV MAMMALS, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP Voss, RS (reprint author), AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT MAMMAL, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA. NR 356 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0090 EI 1937-3546 J9 B AM MUS NAT HIST JI Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. PY 1996 IS 230 BP 3 EP 115 PG 113 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VK498 UT WOS:A1996VK49800001 ER PT J AU Mann, DH Crowell, AL AF Mann, DH Crowell, AL TI A large earthquake occurring 700-800 years ago in Aialik Bay, southern coastal Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OREGON AB A conifer forest on the shore of Verdant Cove, an inlet of Aialik Bay on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, was buried by high-energy beach sediments shortly after 860 +/- 50 C-14 years BP. The switch from ocean-distal forest to cobble beach indicates a radical change in depositional environment suggestive of rapid subsidence of 1-3.5 m. The presence of hemlock, a tree taxon sensitive to salt-water exposure, and the preserved cast of a tree trunk suggest that subsidence and burial occurred rapidly. By 690 +/- 60 C-14 years BP, forest peat was accumulating atop the beach sediments burying the forest and rapid spit progradation was underway. Spit progradation implies land emergence or stable sea level, especially in this case where the spit has a limited sediment supply. We infer that subsidence of the spit ca. 860 +/- 50 C-14 years BP was followed by slow land emergence up to the time of the 1964 AD great earthquake, when the area subsided coseismically 1.4 m. The sudden drowning of the buried forest in Verdant Cove was probably caused by coseismic subsidence and later emergence by gradual, interseismic uplift. Comparison of the Verdant Cove record with previously reported data from south-central Alaska suggests that the penultimate great earthquake in the rupture zone of the 1964 Alaska earthquake occurred between 700 and 800 calendric years BP. C1 ANCHORAGE MUSEUM HIST & ART, SMITHSONIAN ARCTIC STUDIES CTR, ANCHORAGE, AK 99501 USA. RP Mann, DH (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA MUSEUM, ALASKA QUATERNARY CTR, 907 YUKON DR, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1139/e96-012 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TZ143 UT WOS:A1996TZ14300012 ER PT B AU Garcia, MR Callanan, PJ McClintock, JE Zhao, P AF Garcia, MR Callanan, PJ McClintock, JE Zhao, P BE Evans, A Wood, JH TI The X-ray nova GRO J0422+32 in decline and quiescence SO CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES AND RELATED OBJECTS SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 158th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL KEELE, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union, European Commiss Sci Res & Dev, Royal Astron Soc, Kluwer Acad Publ, Keele Univ, Inst Phys, Barclays Bank, Midland Bank C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4195-3 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 208 BP 399 EP 400 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG48M UT WOS:A1996BG48M00120 ER PT J AU Lecar, M AF Lecar, M TI Chaos in the solar system SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Chaos in Gravitational N-Body Systems CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1995 CL LA PLATA, ARGENTINA SP La Plata Natl Univ, Sch Astron & Geophys DE chaotic motion; Lyapunov time; asteroids ID OUTER ASTEROID BELT; ORIGINAL DISTRIBUTION; ORBITS AB We have accumulated thousands of orbits of test particles in the Solar System from the asteroid belt to beyond the orbit of Neptune. We find that the time for an orbit to make a close encounter with a perturbing planet, T-c, is a function of the Lyapunov time, T-ly. The relation is Iog(T-c/T-o) = a + b log(T-ly/T-o) where T-o is a fiducial period which we have taken as the period of the principal perturber or the period of the asteroid. There are exceptions to this rule interior to the 2/3 resonance with Jupiter. There, at least in the restricted problem, for sufficiently small Jupiter mass, orbits may have a positive Lyapunov exponent and still be blocked from having a close approach to Jupiter by a ''zero velocity curve''. Of more serious concern is whether the relation holds for purely secular resonances, and if it does, how to choose T-o. This is the case of interest for the planets in the solar system. RP Lecar, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 1996 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1007/BF00051611 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA VW243 UT WOS:A1996VW24300013 ER PT B AU Lecar, M AF Lecar, M BE Muzzio, JC FerrazMello, S Henrard, J TI Chaos in the solar system SO CHAOS IN GRAVITATIONAL N-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Chaos in Gravitational N-Body Systems CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1995 CL LA PLATA, ARGENTINA SP La Plata Natl Univ, Sch Astron & Geophys DE chaotic motion; Lyapunov time; asteroids AB We have accumulated thousands of orbits of test particles in the Solar System from the asteroid belt to beyond the orbit of Neptune. We find that the time for an orbit to make a close encounter with a perturbing planet, T-c, is a function of the Lyapunov time, T-ly. The relation is log(T-c/T-o) = a + blog(T-ly/T-o) where T-o is a fiducial period which we have taken as the period of the principal perturber or the period of the asteroid. There are exceptions to this rule interior to the 2/3 resonance with Jupiter. There, at least in the restricted problem, for sufficiently small Jupiter mass, orbits may have a positive Lyapunov exponent and still be blocked from having a close approach to Jupiter by a ''zero velocity curve''. Of more serious concern is whether the relation holds for purely secular resonances, and if it does, how to choose T-o. This is the case of interest for the planets in the solar system. RP Lecar, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4148-1 PY 1996 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72A UT WOS:A1996BG72A00011 ER PT J AU Colinvaux, PA Liu, KB DeOliveira, P Bush, MB Miller, MC Kannan, MS AF Colinvaux, PA Liu, KB DeOliveira, P Bush, MB Miller, MC Kannan, MS TI Temperature depression in the lowland tropics in glacial times SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID LATE-QUATERNARY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CENTRAL BRAZIL; LAKE VALENCIA; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; MAXIMUM; PANAMA; AMAZON; PALEOENVIRONMENTS AB Equatorial air temperatures at low elevations in the New World tropics are shown by pollen and other data to have been significantly lowered in long intervals of the last glaciation. These new data show that long recognized evidence for cooling at high elevations in the tropics were symptomatic of general tropical cooling and that they did not require appeal to altered lapse rates or other special mechanisms to be made to conform with conclusions that equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were scarcely changed in glacial times. The new data should be read in conjunction with recent findings that Caribbean (SSTs) were lowered in the order of 5 degrees C, contrary to previous interpretations. Thus these accumulating data show that low latitudes as well as high were cooled in glaciations. In part the earlier failure: to find evidence of low elevation cooling in the lowland tropics resulted from the data being masked by strong signals for aridity given by old lake levels in pacts of Africa and elsewhere. Global circulation models used to predict future effects of greenhouse warming must also be able to simulate the significant cooling of the large tropical land masses at glacial times with reduced greenhouse gas concentrations. Plants and animals of the Amazon forest and similar ecosystems are able to survive in wide ranges of temperatures, CO2 concentrations, and disturbance, though associations change constantly. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG & ANTHROPOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. FIELD MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT GEOL,CHICAGO,IL 60605. DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT BIOL SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NO KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HIGHLAND HTS,KY 41076. RP Colinvaux, PA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,POB 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Liu, Kam-biu/B-4966-2012; De Oliveira, Paulo/B-4559-2017; OI Liu, Kam-biu/0000-0002-0038-2198; De Oliveira, Paulo/0000-0003-1040-4001; Bush, Mark/0000-0001-6894-8613 NR 65 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF00141276 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TV036 UT WOS:A1996TV03600003 ER PT B AU Elvis, M Fiore, F AF Elvis, M Fiore, F BE Bremer, MN vanderWerf, PP Rottgering, HJA Carilli, CL TI Associated X-ray absorption in high redshift quasars SO COLD GAS AT HIGH REDSHIFT SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope - Cold Gas At High Redshift CY AUG 28-30, 1995 CL HOOGOVENS, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Fdn Res Astron, Leids Univ Fonds, Leids Kerkhoven Bosscha Fonds C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4135-X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 206 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG19M UT WOS:A1996BG19M00025 ER PT B AU Carilli, C Lane, W deBruyn, AG Braun, R Miley, GK AF Carilli, C Lane, W deBruyn, AG Braun, R Miley, GK BE Bremer, MN vanderWerf, PP Rottgering, HJA Carilli, CL TI H I 21 cm line observations of damped Lyman alpha systems SO COLD GAS AT HIGH REDSHIFT SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope - Cold Gas At High Redshift CY AUG 28-30, 1995 CL HOOGOVENS, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Fdn Res Astron, Leids Univ Fonds, Leids Kerkhoven Bosscha Fonds C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4135-X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 206 BP 267 EP 278 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG19M UT WOS:A1996BG19M00030 ER PT S AU Rappaport, S Distefano, R AF Rappaport, S Distefano, R BE VanParadijs, J VanDenHeuvel, EPJ Kuulkers, E TI Luminous supersoft X-ray sources SO COMPACT STARS IN BINARIES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 165th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Compact Stars in Binaries CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; WHITE-DWARF MODELS; EVOLUTION; BINARY; CAL-87; LMC; NOVAE C1 MIT, SPACE RES CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Rappaport, S (reprint author), MIT, DEPT PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3846-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 165 BP 415 EP 424 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE78G UT WOS:A1996BE78G00037 ER PT B AU Marsden, BG AF Marsden, BG BE Rettig, TW Hahn, JM TI Searches for planets and comets SO COMPLETING THE INVENTORY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Completing the Inventory of the Solar System / 106th Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY JUN 25-30, 1994 CL LOWELL OBSERV, FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP Astron Soc Pacific HO LOWELL OBSERV AB After an introductory section on the regions of the solar system in which new planets might be found and a brief summary of searches for intramercurial planets, the distribution of minor planets, particularly in terms of brightness, is discussed. An extensive account of the discovery of 13 new transneptunian objects during 1992-1994 also examines brightness distribution and whether or not the orbits of these objects might be stable. The review concludes with a section on the distribution of comets and on the general lack of reliable data on nuclear brightness distribution. RP Marsden, BG (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,SMITHSONIAN INST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-27-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 107 BP 193 EP 207 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18W UT WOS:A1996BH18W00019 ER PT J AU Fiers, F Reid, JW Iliffe, TM SuarezMorales, E AF Fiers, F Reid, JW Iliffe, TM SuarezMorales, E TI New hypogean cyclopoid copepods (Crustacea) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diacyclops; Mesocyclops; copepoda; cyclopoida; biogeography; evolution; hypogean; karst; species-flock; taxonomy; Mexico ID MESOCYCLOPS; CYCLOPIDAE; REVISION; KIEFER AB Four previously unknown hypogean species of cyclopoid copepods were collected in cenotes and wells of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Diacyclops chakan sp. n. and D. puuc sp. n. differ from their congeners in combining 3-segmented swimming legs, Ii-segmented antennules, and legs 1-4 endopodite segment 2 all with 2 setae. Species of Diacyclops rarely occur in tropical regions, and the Diacyclops described here are only the second and third species recorded from Mexico. The benthic D. puuc was found in the large underground reservoir of a cenote. Diacyclops chakan was encountered in such large open subterranean water basins, but more frequently and abundantly in wells. The two Mesocyclops species, M. chaci sp. n. and M. yutsil sp. n., most closely resemble their epigean benthic congener M. reidae Petkovski, but are modified by loss of some body ornament and attenuation of swimming legs and mouthparts. Mesocyclops chaci sp. n, occupies crevicular spaces (wells and small caverns). The second species, M. yutsil sp. n., with more pronounced attenuation of legs, has a planktonic life in large subterranean water volumes. The extremely attenuated appendages of both species distinguish them from all other Mesocyclops, and resemble those of the hypogean Kieferiella delamarei Lescher-Moutoue. These three species are considered as a species-flock which have radiated as specialists within a highly dynamic geomorphological environment. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,MRC,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT MARINE BIOL,GALVESTON,TX 77553. COLEGIO FRONTERA SUR,UNIDAD CHETUMAL,CHETUMAL 77000,QUINTANA ROO,MEXICO. RP Fiers, F (reprint author), INST ROYAL SCI NAT BELGIQUE,INVERTEBRATE SECT,VAUTIERSTR 29,B-1000 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPB ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, NL-1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-8546 J9 CONTRIB ZOOL JI Contrib. Zool. PY 1996 VL 66 IS 2 BP 65 EP 102 PG 38 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA UX758 UT WOS:A1996UX75800001 ER PT B AU Balachandran, SC AF Balachandran, SC BE Holt, SS Sonneborn, G TI Carbon and oxygen nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy: Problems and prospects SO COSMIC ABUNDANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual October Astrophysics Conference on Cosmic Abundances CY OCT 09-11, 1995 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,ASTROPHYS LAB,MRC,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-20-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 99 BP 188 EP 195 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32J UT WOS:A1996BG32J00022 ER PT B AU Kirshner, RP AF Kirshner, RP BE Holt, SS Sonneborn, G TI Observational evidence for nucleosynthesis by supernovae SO COSMIC ABUNDANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual October Astrophysics Conference on Cosmic Abundances CY OCT 09-11, 1995 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-20-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 99 BP 263 EP 272 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32J UT WOS:A1996BG32J00033 ER PT B AU Winter, K Smith, JAC AF Winter, K Smith, JAC BE Winter, K Smith, JAC TI An introduction to crassulacean acid metabolism. Biochemical principles and ecological diversity SO CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM: BIOCHEMISTRY, ECOPHYSIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION SE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES : ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism CY MAR 21-26, 1993 CL SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA SP Smithsonian Trop Res Inst HO SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-58104-9 J9 ECOL STU AN PY 1996 VL 114 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE86N UT WOS:A1996BE86N00001 ER PT B AU Zotz, G Winter, K AF Zotz, G Winter, K BE Winter, K Smith, JAC TI Seasonal changes in daytime versus nighttime CO2 fixation of Clusia uvitana in situ SO CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM: BIOCHEMISTRY, ECOPHYSIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION SE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES : ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism CY MAR 21-26, 1993 CL SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA SP Smithsonian Trop Res Inst HO SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-58104-9 J9 ECOL STU AN PY 1996 VL 114 BP 312 EP 323 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE86N UT WOS:A1996BE86N00024 ER PT B AU Winter, K Smith, JAC AF Winter, K Smith, JAC BE Winter, K Smith, JAC TI Crassulacean acid metabolism: Current status and perspectives SO CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM: BIOCHEMISTRY, ECOPHYSIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION SE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES : ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism CY MAR 21-26, 1993 CL SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA SP Smithsonian Trop Res Inst HO SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-58104-9 J9 ECOL STU AN PY 1996 VL 114 BP 389 EP 426 PG 38 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE86N UT WOS:A1996BE86N00029 ER PT B AU Kirshner, RP AF Kirshner, RP BE Bonometto, S Primack, JR Provenzale, A TI Galaxy redshift surveys. SO DARK MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Physics Enrico Fermi Course 132 on Dark Matter in the Universe CY JUL 25-AUG 04, 1995 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc RP Kirshner, RP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-294-7 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 1996 VL 132 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH93Y UT WOS:A1996BH93Y00002 ER PT S AU Grindlay, JE AF Grindlay, JE BE Hut, P Makino, J TI High resolution studies of compact binaries in globular clusters with HST and ROSAT SO DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF STAR CLUSTERS - CONFRONTATION OF THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 174th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters - Confrontation of Theory and Observations CY AUG 22-25, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union ID X-RAY SOURCES; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; DISCOVERY; NGC-6397; CORE AB The studies of compact binaries containing an accreting white dwarf or neutron star in the dense cores of globular clusters have made considerable progress in the past few years as a result of the high resolution images obtained with HST and ROSAT. It is now clear that cluster cores contain a significant population of these systems which must constrain the similarly large populations of millisecond pulsars as well as dynamical histories of clusters. The population of dim x-ray sources appears to be dominated by cataclysmic variables (CVs) formed by tidal capture and not exchange collisions. Our recent HST/FOS spectra of the first CVs in a cluster core, summarized here in more detail, suggest that cluster cores may contain a significant population of magnetic CVs. The required magnetic WDs may arise in spun-up cores of blue stragglers. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4069-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 174 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG15G UT WOS:A1996BG15G00019 ER PT S AU Grindlay, JE Cool, AM AF Grindlay, JE Cool, AM BE Hut, P Makino, J TI HST/FOS discovery of probable CVS in NGC 6397 SO DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF STAR CLUSTERS - CONFRONTATION OF THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 174th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters - Confrontation of Theory and Observations CY AUG 22-25, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-6397; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; RAY C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4069-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 174 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG15G UT WOS:A1996BG15G00045 ER PT S AU Chandler, JF AF Chandler, JF BE FerrazMello, S Morando, B Arlot, JE TI Pulsars and solar-system ephemerides SO DYNAMICS, EPHEMERIDES AND ASTROMETRY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 172nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Dynamics, Ephemerides and Astrometry of the Solar System CY JUL 03-08, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Astron Union ID MILLISECOND AB The analysis of pulsar time-of-arrival data is intimately bound up with planetary ephemerides. Highly accurate ephemerides are required for Earth and Moon and, to a lesser degree, for other planets, in order to make full use of the timing data for millisecond-class pulsars. These data, in turn, present an opportunity for improving planetary ephemerides in a variety of ways. Fitting the Earth and Moon orbital parameters to the timing data is the obvious first step, though it is less valuable in the short term for many applications than using the current accumulation of spacecraft-tracking and lunar laser ranging data. By themselves, the pulsar timing data convey no information on the orientation of Earth's orbit, since each pulsar's position on the sky must be determined from those same data. However, independent pulsar position measurements by VLBI, in combination with the timing-derived positions, can serve to fix the orientation of Earth's orbit with respect to radio reference frame and thereby link the planetary and radio frames. In the long run, the acquisition of timing data over increasing time spans and with improving precision should prove to be an important factor in determining the shape, as well as the orientation, of Earth's orbit. In addition, pulsar timing over a sufficiently long span can directly measure a planet mass through the reaction of the rest of the solar system. The effect must be observed for a major fraction of the orbital period of the planet in question so that the signature can be separated from that of the ordinary spin-down of each pulsar. Finally, pulsar timing can be used to probe gravitational physics, a field with far-reaching consequences and a basic part of the framework for constructing the ephemerides. RP Chandler, JF (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4084-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 172 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG13M UT WOS:A1996BG13M00093 ER PT S AU Marsden, BG AF Marsden, BG BE FerrazMello, S Morando, B Arlot, JE TI From telescope to MPC: Organizing the minor planets SO DYNAMICS, EPHEMERIDES AND ASTROMETRY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 172nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Dynamics, Ephemerides and Astrometry of the Solar System CY JUL 03-08, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Astron Union RP Marsden, BG (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4084-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 172 BP 153 EP 164 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG13M UT WOS:A1996BG13M00022 ER PT J AU Steel, DI Marsden, BG AF Steel, DI Marsden, BG TI Astrometry of near-Earth objects using small telescopes SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT UN/ESA Workshop on Basic Space Science - From Small Telescope to Space Mission CY JAN 11-14, 1996 CL COLOMBO, SRI LANKA SP UN/ESA DE minor planets; asteroids; comets; near-Earth objects (NEOs); astrometry ID ASTEROIDS; SYSTEMS AB Currently, when a near-Earth object (NEO: any asteroid or comet approaching the terrestrial orbit about the Sun) is discovered, there is a distinct chance that it will be lost again due to the lack of suitable follow-up astrometry. The burgeoning international Spaceguard program - which has an aim of discovering and determining the orbits of all possible Earth-impactors so that calamitous collisions can be avoided - will make this problem more acute, as the discovery rate increases. When NEOs reach visual magnitudes brighter than 21, they may be observed with suitable CCD-equipped telescopes with apertures of one metre or less; in fact, even 0.25-m aperture instruments are now being employed to great effect in this regard. This means that in the present situation, countries or individuals having access to quite modest-sized and modest-priced equipment can make a real, valuable contribution to this international effort. When Spaceguard begins in earnest it will be vital that astronomers spread around the world, using small telescopes, take over the tracking of NEOs discovered by the large, expensive, search instruments. The Spaceguard project therefore represents an excellent opportunity for international collaboration, with scientists in developing nations being valuable contributors in a space program with real significance for all humankind.* C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. SPACEGUARD FDN,ROME,ITALY. RP Steel, DI (reprint author), UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT PHYS & MATH PHYS,GPO BOX 498,ADELAIDE,SA 5005,AUSTRALIA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PY 1996 VL 74 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1007/BF00056405 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA WN499 UT WOS:A1996WN49900001 ER PT B AU Lovejoy, TE AF Lovejoy, TE BE Wharton, JJ TI Biodiversity SO EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND GLOBAL CHANGE DECISION MAKING, 1995: A NATIONAL PARTNERSHIP, VOL V: UNDERSTANDING EARTH: RETROSPECTIVES AND VISIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference in Celebration of the 25th Anniversary of Earth Day on Understanding Earth - Retrospectives and Visions CY APR 05-06, 1995 CL ANN ARBOR, MI SP NASA, NOAA, Natl Sci Fdn, Environm Res Inst Michigan C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 BN 0-9603590-4-4 PY 1996 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BF64V UT WOS:A1996BF64V00008 ER PT J AU Huchra, JP AF Huchra, JP TI Determining the age of the universe SO ENDEAVOUR LA English DT Editorial Material RP Huchra, JP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-9327 J9 ENDEAVOUR JI Endeavour PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 139 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0160-9327(96)20004-3 PG 1 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WD011 UT WOS:A1996WD01100001 ER PT B AU Carilli, CL Perley, RA Bartel, N Sorathia, B AF Carilli, CL Perley, RA Bartel, N Sorathia, B BE Hardee, PE Bridle, AH Zensus, JA TI The jets in Cygnus A SO ENERGY TRANSPORT IN RADIO GALAXIES AND QUASARS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Energy Transport in Radio Galaxies and Quasars CY SEP 19-23, 1995 CL TUSCALOOSA, AL SP Astron Soc Pacific C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-21-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 100 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG36Z UT WOS:A1996BG36Z00038 ER PT J AU Davis, DR AF Davis, DR TI A revision of the southern African family Prototheoridae (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea) SO ENTOMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article AB The systematics and external morphology of the southern African family Prototheoridae are reviewed. A single genus, Prototheora, is recognized, with the former genus Metatheora synonymized. Eleven species are recognized, including five new species: angolae, biserrata, drackensbergae, geniculata, and merga. In addition, two possibly new species represented only by female specimens are described but not named. A key to the species of prototheora is provided, as well as a preliminary analysis of their relationships. The family is considered to be one of the most basal lineages in the Hepialoidea and can be partially destinguished from related families by several plesiomorphic characters including the retention of three segmented maxillary palpi (plesiomorphic within Hepialoidea), simple antenna, generalized leg structure with a complete set of tibial spurs (0-2-4), and a single row of abdominal spines on A3-7 of the pupa. Possible synapomorphies involve the lateral sclerotization of the suspensorium and the extreme development of a conjugal process from sternum IX of the female which may lock into a conjugal pouch usually formed by the male trulleum and juxta. The family occurs predominantly within two highly divergent, South African floristic zones, the Capensis, or Fynbos dominated Cape Flora, and the southern Afromontane zone, characterized by mostly temperate, evergreen forests. Most species occur within the Capensis, and all but three (P. angolae from central Angola and P. drackensbergae and parachlora from Natal) are restricted to Cape Province, mostly in or south of the Cape Folded Belt mountain ranges. Their life history remains unknown. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ENTOMOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SCANDINAVICA PI LUND PA DEPT OF SYST ZOOL HELGOVAVAGEN 3, S-223 62 LUND, SWEDEN SN 0013-8711 J9 ENTOMOL SCAND JI Entomol. Scand. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 4 BP 393 EP 439 PG 47 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WC635 UT WOS:A1996WC63500003 ER PT B AU Kraft, RP Chappell, JH Kenter, AT Kobayashi, K Meehan, GR Murray, SS Zombeck, MV Fraser, GW Pearson, JF Lees, JE Brunton, AN Pearce, SE AF Kraft, RP Chappell, JH Kenter, AT Kobayashi, K Meehan, GR Murray, SS Zombeck, MV Fraser, GW Pearson, JF Lees, JE Brunton, AN Pearce, SE BE Siegmund, OHW Gummin, MA TI Absolute quantum efficiency calibration of the AXAF high resolution camera SO EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy VII Conference CY AUG 07-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE X-rays; microchannel plates; X-ray detectors; AXAF High Resolution Camera; X-ray spectroscopy AB We discuss the current status of the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) High Resolution Camera (HRC) quantum efficiency (QE) calibration. The absolute quantum efficiency of flight candidate, CsI coated HRC microchannel plates (MCPs) for the imaging detector (HRC-I) manufactured by Galileo Electro-Optics Corporation (GEOC) has been measured at several energies. We find the absolute QE of these MCPs (measured at SAO to be 0.41 at C K-alpha (E=277 eV) and 0.28 at Al K-alpha (E=1487 eV). The absolute QE of flight-like HRC-I MCPs manufactured by Phillips Components (measured at the University of Leicester) is similar to 0.40 at both C K-alpha and Si K-alpha (E=1739 eV). We are now in the process of measuring the absolute QE of both the HRC-I and HRC-S flight detectors at 22 different energies at 4 azimuthal and 5 polar angles. A summary of planned measurements is presented. In addition, we present data taken at the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source to map out the detailed edge structure of the MCP glass and coatings. In particular, we present measurements of the relative QE of CsI coated MCPs around the Cs and I M edges, and absolute measurements around the K K and Cs L(III) edges. The absolute measurements of the flight instrument at the 22 discrete energies will be combined with the relative synchrotron measurements of flight-like detectors to produce the absolute QE of the HRC over the entire AXAF bandpass (0.1 to 10 keV). RP Kraft, RP (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,MS-31,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2196-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2808 BP 194 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.255994 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Optics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Optics GA BG67M UT WOS:A1996BG67M00017 ER PT S AU Huchra, JP AF Huchra, JP BE Kafatos, M Kondo, Y TI Galaxy motions in the nearby universe SO EXAMINING THE BIG BANG AND DIFFUSE BACKGROUND RADIATIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 168th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Examining the Big Bang and Diffuse Background Radiations CY AUG 23-26, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union ID REDSHIFT-DISTANCE SAMPLES; VELOCITY-WIDTH RELATION; LARGE-SCALE; IRAS GALAXIES; LOCAL SUPERCLUSTER; PECULIAR VELOCITY; GREAT ATTRACTOR; DENSITY FIELDS; CLUSTERS; ANISOTROPY AB In this paper we review the history of the search for and study of the motions of nearby galaxies with respect to the Hubble Flow. The current status of the field is that (1) convincing infall has been detected into dense clusters, especially the Virgo cluster, (2) the microwave background direction is moderately well aligned with the measured flow nearby but not apparently on larger scales, and (3) there is good but not perfect consistency between the nearby density fields and velocity fields. Particular problems exist in the different Omega's required to fit the density field derived from optically selected and IRAS (60 mu) selected galaxy samples. RP Huchra, JP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3814-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 168 BP 143 EP 155 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE78H UT WOS:A1996BE78H00015 ER PT S AU Griffiths, RE Ratnatunga, KU Casertano, S Im, M Neuschaefer, LW Ellis, RS Gilmore, GF Elson, RAW Glazebrook, K Santiago, B Windhorst, RA Driver, SP Ostrander, EJ Mutz, SB Koo, DC Illingworth, GD Forbes, DA Phillips, AC Green, RF Huchra, JP Tyson, AJ AF Griffiths, RE Ratnatunga, KU Casertano, S Im, M Neuschaefer, LW Ellis, RS Gilmore, GF Elson, RAW Glazebrook, K Santiago, B Windhorst, RA Driver, SP Ostrander, EJ Mutz, SB Koo, DC Illingworth, GD Forbes, DA Phillips, AC Green, RF Huchra, JP Tyson, AJ BE Kafatos, M Kondo, Y TI The HST medium deep survey: Galaxy morphology at high redshift SO EXAMINING THE BIG BANG AND DIFFUSE BACKGROUND RADIATIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 168th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Examining the Big Bang and Diffuse Background Radiations CY AUG 23-26, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union ID EVOLUTION AB With HST and WFPC2, galaxies in the Medium Deep Survey can be reliably classified to magnitudes I-814 less than or similar to 22.0 in the F814W band, at a mean redshift (z) over bar similar to 0.5. The main result is the relatively high proportion (similar to 40%) of objects which are in some way irregular or anomalous, and which are of relevance in understanding the origin of the familiar excess population of faint galaxies. These diverse objects include compact galaxies, apparently interacting pairs, galaxies with superluminous starforming regions and diffuse low surface brightness galaxies of various forms. The 'irregulars' and 'peculiar' galaxies contribute most of the excess counts in the I-hand at our limiting magnitude, and may explain the 'faint blue galaxy' problem. At least half of the faint galaxies, however, appear to be similar to regular Hubble-sequence examples observed at low redshift. Furthermore, the relative proportion of spheroidal and disk systems of normal appearance is as expected from nearby samples, indicating that the bulk of the local galaxy population was in place at half the Hubble time. Little or no evolution in the properties of these galaxies has been observed. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,TEMPE,AZ. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA. AT&T BELL LABS,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566. RP Griffiths, RE (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,HOMEWOOD CAMPUS,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Im, Myungshin/B-3436-2013; Driver, Simon/H-9115-2014 OI Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714; Driver, Simon/0000-0001-9491-7327 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3814-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 168 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE78H UT WOS:A1996BE78H00023 ER PT S AU Pelt, J Kayser, R Schild, R Thomson, DJ AF Pelt, J Kayser, R Schild, R Thomson, DJ BE Kafatos, M Kondo, Y TI The time delay between QSO 0957+561 A,B SO EXAMINING THE BIG BANG AND DIFFUSE BACKGROUND RADIATIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 168th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Examining the Big Bang and Diffuse Background Radiations CY AUG 23-26, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union C1 HAMBURGER STERNWARTE,D-21029 HAMBURG,GERMANY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP Pelt, J (reprint author), TARTU ASTROPHYS OBSERV,TORAVERE 2444,ESTONIA. RI Pelt, Jaan/G-4916-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3814-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 168 BP 539 EP 540 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE78H UT WOS:A1996BE78H00075 ER PT S AU Grindlay, JE Maoz, E AF Grindlay, JE Maoz, E BE Kafatos, M Kondo, Y TI Halo thick disk CVs and the cosmic X-ray background SO EXAMINING THE BIG BANG AND DIFFUSE BACKGROUND RADIATIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 168th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Examining the Big Bang and Diffuse Background Radiations CY AUG 23-26, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; GALACTIC PLANE; FLUCTUATIONS AB In a recent study (Maoz and Grindlay 1995) we have found that a number of previously recognized anomalies in the diffuse x-ray background at soft energies (similar to 0.5-2 keV) can be understood if about 20-30% of the diffuse flux arises from a population of low luminosity sources in a thick disk or flattened halo distribution in the Galaxy. Here we summarize our results and review the arguements that these objects are not accreting neutron stars or black holes but rather white dwarfs (i.e. CVs) which may have been produced in a primordial population of disrupted globular clusters. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3814-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 168 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE78H UT WOS:A1996BE78H00077 ER PT S AU Ros, E Marcaide, JM Guirado, JC Krichbaum, TP Preston, RA Ratner, MI Shapiro, II Witzel, A AF Ros, E Marcaide, JM Guirado, JC Krichbaum, TP Preston, RA Ratner, MI Shapiro, II Witzel, A BE Ekers, R Fanti, C Padrielli, L TI High precision astrometry over large angular scales with closure constraints: The triplet 1803+784/1928+738/2007+777 SO EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 175th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Extragalactic Radio Sources CY OCT 10-14, 1995 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Int Astron Union C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON,D-53121 BONN,GERMANY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Ros, E (reprint author), UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT ASTRON,DR MOLINER 50,E-46100 BURJASSOT,VALENCIA,SPAIN. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4121-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 175 BP 120 EP 121 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55R UT WOS:A1996BG55R00048 ER PT S AU Harris, DE AF Harris, DE BE Ekers, R Fanti, C Padrielli, L TI Cygnus A: Some topics from the workshop SO EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 175th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Extragalactic Radio Sources CY OCT 10-14, 1995 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Int Astron Union RP Harris, DE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4121-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 175 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55R UT WOS:A1996BG55R00064 ER PT S AU Moran, JM Greenhill, LJ Herrnstein, JR Diamond, PJ Miyoshi, M Nakai, N Inoue, M AF Moran, JM Greenhill, LJ Herrnstein, JR Diamond, PJ Miyoshi, M Nakai, N Inoue, M BE Ekers, R Fanti, C Padrielli, L TI Probing AGN with water masers SO EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 175th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Extragalactic Radio Sources CY OCT 10-14, 1995 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Int Astron Union ID GALACTIC NUCLEI; H2O MEGAMASERS; BLACK-HOLE; DISK; NGC-4258 C1 NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. NATL ASTRON OBSERV,NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERV,MINAMISA KU,NAGANO 38413,JAPAN. RP Moran, JM (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4121-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 175 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55R UT WOS:A1996BG55R00075 ER PT S AU McNamara, BR AF McNamara, BR BE Ekers, R Fanti, C Padrielli, L TI Radio-optical alignments in nearby cooling flow cluster central galaxies SO EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 175th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Extragalactic Radio Sources CY OCT 10-14, 1995 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Int Astron Union RP McNamara, BR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4121-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 175 BP 331 EP 332 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55R UT WOS:A1996BG55R00119 ER PT S AU Ciliegi, P Elvis, M Wilkes, BJ Boyle, BJ McMahon, RG Maccacaro, T AF Ciliegi, P Elvis, M Wilkes, BJ Boyle, BJ McMahon, RG Maccacaro, T BE Ekers, R Fanti, C Padrielli, L TI VLA observations of the Cambridge-Cambridge ROSAT survey SO EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 175th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Extragalactic Radio Sources CY OCT 10-14, 1995 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Int Astron Union ID QUASARS C1 INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. OSSERV ASTRON BRERA,MILAN,ITALY. RP Ciliegi, P (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4121-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 175 BP 543 EP 544 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55R UT WOS:A1996BG55R00195 ER PT B AU Huchra, J AF Huchra, J BE Leitherer, C FritzevonAlvensleben, U Huchra, J TI From stars to galaxies and back again SO FROM STARS TO GALAXIES: THE IMPACT OF STELLAR PHYSICS ON GALAXY EVOLUTION SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on From Stars to Galaxies - The Impact of Stellar Physics on Galaxy Evolution CY OCT 09-13, 1995 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP MITOS, S A C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-19-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 98 BP 597 EP 609 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32H UT WOS:A1996BG32H00122 ER PT B AU Gorenstein, P AF Gorenstein, P BE Ramsey, BD Parnell, TA TI Instrumentation of the hard X-ray telescope mission SO GAMMA-RAY AND COSMIC-RAY DETECTORS, TECHNIQUES, AND MISSIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gamma-Ray and Cosmic-Ray Detectors, Techniques, and Missions CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS DE X-ray telescope; multi-layer reflectors; HXT; X-ray astronomy C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2194-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2806 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.254021 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG61J UT WOS:A1996BG61J00005 ER PT S AU Bloom, JS Fenimore, EE tZand, JI AF Bloom, JS Fenimore, EE tZand, JI BE Kouveliotou, C Briggs, MF Fishman, GJ TI The corrected log N-log fluence distribution of cosmological gamma-Gay Bursts SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS - 3RD HUNTSVILLE SYMPOSIUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Bursts CY OCT 25-27, 1995 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Amer Inst Phys AB Recent analysis of relativistically expanding shells of cosmological gamma-ray bursts has shown that if the bursts are cosmological, then most likely total energy (E(0)) is standard and not peak luminosity (L(0)). Assuming a flat Friedmann cosmology (q(o) = 1/2, Lambda = 0) and constant late density (rho(0)) of bursting sources, we fit a standard candle energy to a uniformly selected log N-log S in the BATSE 3B catalog correcting for fluence efficiency and averaging over 48 observed spectral shapes. We find the data consistent with E(0) = 7.3(-1.0)(+0.7) x 10(51) ergs and discuss implications of this energy for cosmological models of gamma-ray bursts. RP Bloom, JS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-685-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 384 BP 321 EP 325 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH28Y UT WOS:A1996BH28Y00058 ER PT J AU Reid, RP Carey, SN Ross, DR AF Reid, RP Carey, SN Ross, DR TI Late quaternary sedimentation in the Lesser Antilles island arc SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; NICARAGUA RISE; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; SEA; BAHAMAS; BASIN; FLUCTUATIONS; STRATIGRAPHY; TURBIDITES; MINERALOGY AB Investigation of patterns and processes of late Quaternary sedimentation in the Lesser Antilles island are indicates that the major components of deep-water sediment are volcaniclastic silt and clay, redeposited shallow-water carbonate (mainly aragonite and high-Mg calcite), pelagic carbonate (mainly low-Mg calcite), and windblown dust from Africa. Although sediment derived from the adjacent South American continent is included in accreted trench deposits, marine deposition of this sediment within the are is insignificant, except at the south end of the forearc. Distribution of sedimentary components within the Lesser Antilles are is controlled primarily by are volcanism, a Miocene shift in the focus of volcanism, which caused the are to bifurcate, created two sedimentologic regimes. In the southern part of the are, which is characterized by volcanically active islands with high relief, deep-water sediment is dominantly volcaniclastic. In contrast, in the northern part of the are, where a broad are platform separates high-relief, active volcanoes from low-relief, extinct volcanoes surrounded by wide carbonate shelves, deep-water sediment is composed mainly of redeposited shallow-water carbonate, pelagic carbonate, and eolian-transported Saharan dust. Superposed on the facies patterns determined by are volcanism is a subtle, but distinct record of Quaternary climate change. Glacial-interglacial periods are recorded in deep-water sediment by variations in sedimentation rate, composition, and texture. Volcaniclastic sedimentation responded to lowstands of sea level by increased sedimentation rates and thicker and/or more frequent turbidites, reflecting intensified currents in interisland passages and increased erosion of exposed insular shelves. Deep-water carbonate sedimentation records decreased carbonate productivity on exposed shelves and in the open ocean during glacial lowstands, as well as variations in carbonate preservation associated with changes in ocean circulation. Deposition of Saharan dust increased during glacial periods because of intensified wind strengths. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Reid, RP (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 86 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 1 BP 78 EP 100 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TP031 UT WOS:A1996TP03100005 ER PT B AU Symmes, M AF Symmes, M BE Giral, A TI American architectural collections: Perspectives on the past, foundations for the future - Introductory remarks SO ICAM 8 - INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MUSEUMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Confederation-of-Architectural-Museums (ICAM8) CY MAY 18-24, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Int Confederat Architectural Museums C1 Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Design Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, AVERY ARCHITECTURAL & FINE ARTS LIB PI NEW YORK PA 1172 AMSTERDAM AVE MAILCODE 0301, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA PY 1996 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Architecture; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Architecture; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BL73Z UT WOS:000076514200011 ER PT B AU Dunn, D AF Dunn, D BE Giral, A TI A City of Neighborhoods: Bridging school and community SO ICAM 8 - INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MUSEUMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Confederation-of-Architectural-Museums (ICAM8) CY MAY 18-24, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Int Confederat Architectural Museums C1 Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Design Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, AVERY ARCHITECTURAL & FINE ARTS LIB PI NEW YORK PA 1172 AMSTERDAM AVE MAILCODE 0301, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA PY 1996 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Architecture; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Architecture; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BL73Z UT WOS:000076514200029 ER PT J AU Marston, A Dudan, G Gupta, MP Solis, PN Correa, MD Hostettmann, K AF Marston, A Dudan, G Gupta, MP Solis, PN Correa, MD Hostettmann, K TI Screening of Panamanian plants for molluscicidal activity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY LA English DT Article DE bioactivity; molluscicides; Panamanian plants AB A total of 153 crude extracts of Panamanian plants (28 species from 21 families) have been screened for molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, one of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. When tested at 400 ppm, 15 extracts were active. The most potent of these came from Cyperus luzulae (Cyperaceae) and Hymenaea courbaril (Leguminosae). C1 UNIV LAUSANNE,INST PHARMACOGNOSIE,PHARM SECT,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. UNIV PANAMA,SCH PHARM,CIFLORPAN,SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. UNIV PANAMA,SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,HERBARIUM,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. OI Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1618 J9 INT J PHARMACOGN JI Int. J. Pharmacogn. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TZ341 UT WOS:A1996TZ34100002 ER PT J AU Gupta, MP Monge, A Karikas, GA deCerain, AL Solis, PN deLeon, E Trujillo, M Suarez, O Wilson, F Montenegro, G Noriega, Y Santana, AI Correa, M Sanchez, C AF Gupta, MP Monge, A Karikas, GA deCerain, AL Solis, PN deLeon, E Trujillo, M Suarez, O Wilson, F Montenegro, G Noriega, Y Santana, AI Correa, M Sanchez, C TI Screening of Panamanian medicinal plants for brine shrimp toxicity, crown gall tumor inhibition, cytotoxicity and DNA intercalation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY LA English DT Article DE brine shrimp toxicity; tumor inhibition; cytotoxicity; DNA intercalation ID INDIANS AB Crude extracts from 20 Panamanian plants used in traditional medicine have been screened for brine shrimp toxicity, tumor inhibition, DNA-intercalation and cytotoxicity tests in a clonogenic assay in V79 suspension culture gassed with air or nitrogen. Of the 20 plant extracts, 8 (40%) proved active in DNA intercalation. The most active were the methanol extracts of Bidens pilosa (root), Jatropha curcas (leaf), Pereskia bleo (whole plant), Isertia hypoleuca (leaf), Cyperus luzulae (root), Vernonia patens (leaf and stem), Alibertia edulis (stem) and Justicia graciliflora (aerial parts). Sixteen (80%) of the 20 methanol plant extracts were active in potato disc tumor inhibition assay; Cyperus luzulae (root), Justicia graciliflora (aerial parts), Pereskia bleo (whole plant) and Vernonia patens (leaf and stem) being the most active. Cytotoxicity in the clonogenic assay was observed only in three plant extracts: Cyperus luzulae, Piper auritum and Psychotria correae, whereas high brine shrimp toxicity (LC(50) < 100 p.p.m.) was observed in 13 (65%) of the 20 plant extracts tested. These results appear to show a good correlation between the three bioassays: brine shrimp toxicity, tumor inhibition and DNA intercalation. The latter bioassay is rapid, economical, and can be used in activity guided fractionation of plant extracts. C1 UNIV PANAMA,SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CIFLORPAN,CTR PHARMACOGNOST RES PANAMANIAN FLORA,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. UNIV NAVARRA,APPL PHARMACOBIOL RES CTR,E-31080 PAMPLONA,SPAIN. UNIV PANAMA,HERBARIUM,BALBOA,PANAMA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES CTR,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV PANAMA,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. UNIV PANAMA,CYTED,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. RI Lopez de Cerain, Adela/L-4572-2014; OI Lopez de Cerain, Adela/0000-0002-2085-1289; Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1618 J9 INT J PHARMACOGN JI Int. J. Pharmacogn. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TZ341 UT WOS:A1996TZ34100003 ER PT J AU Frick, JE Ruppert, EE Wourms, JP AF Frick, JE Ruppert, EE Wourms, JP TI Morphology of the ovotestis of Synaptula hydriformis (Holothuroidea, Apoda): An evolutionary model of oogenesis and the origin of egg polarity in echinoderms SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovary; polarity; phylogeny ID STICHOPUS-CALIFORNICUS ECHINODERMATA; ACTINIA-FRAGACEA CNIDARIA; LANCELET = AMPHIOXUS; FINE-STRUCTURE; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; STARFISH OOCYTES; ASTERIAS-RUBENS; FOLLICLE CELLS; SEA-CUCUMBER; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB The viviparous holothuroid Synaptula hydriformis, a simultaneous hermaphrodite, broods its young in the coelom and releases young year round. Both eggs and sperms develop asynchronously in the two short gonadal tubules that are suspended in the coelomic cavity. Sperms are released into the tubule, but eggs are not. Each gonadal tubule consists of pin outer peritoneum composed of flagellated epithelial cells, muscles, and nerves; an inner germinal epithelium of germinal and somatic cells; and a middle connective-tissue (hemal) compartment bounded by the basal laminas of the peritoneum and germinal epithelium. Spermatogonia and oogonia are flagellated epithelial cells that retain epithelial polarity throughout gametogenesis. During spermatogenesis, spermatocytes emerge towards the lumen from the germinal epithelium and sperms enter the lumen apex (tail) first. Supportive and phagocytic interstitial cells are associated with spermatocytes. During oogenesis, oocytes submerge basally into the hemal sinus and carry the epithelial basal lamina ahead of them. The oocyte apex, however, maintains adhering junctions with somatic (follicle) cells and bears a flagellum, at least into the vitellogenic phase. Full-grown oocytes are enclosed in basal lamina, except apically, where an apical protuberance forms. The apical protuberance is a region of ooplasm, devoid of yolk and rich in microtubules, that terminates apically in an extensive junction between the oolemma and follicle cells of the germinal epithelium. The oogenic pattern of S. hydriformis indicates that the apical-basal polarity of the oocyte becomes the animal-vegetal polarity of the egg, which in turn, becomes the anterior-posterior axis of the larva. Homologous oogenic patterns occur in crinoids and ophiuroids, but not asteroids and echinoids. An outgroup analysis of echinoderm oogenic patterns with those of Cephalochordata and Cnidaria suggests that the pattern common to holothuroids, crinoids, and ophiuroids is plesiomorphic to echinoderms and, in general form, to deuterostome metazoans. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP Frick, JE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN MARINE STN,FT PIERCE,FL 34946, USA. NR 76 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MICROSCOPICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 1996 VL 115 IS 1 BP 46 EP 66 DI 10.2307/3226941 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA TX676 UT WOS:A1996TX67600005 ER PT J AU Hershler, R AF Hershler, R TI Review of the North American aquatic snail genus Probythinella (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae) SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE systematic malacology; Prosobranchia; Mollusca; North America ID TRUNCATA GASTROPODA; SYSTEMATICS; MORPHOLOGY; ECOLOGY; MOLLUSCA AB The aquatic gastropod genus Probythinella THIELE is redefined and proposed as a monophyletic subunit (sister to Cincinnatia) within the North American component of the family Hydrobiidae (Prosobranchia: Rissooidea) on the basis of synapomorphies of blunt shell apex, presence of two seminal receptacles, short albumen gland, and blunt terminus of penis. Probythinella is composed of two parapatric species that are distinguished by derived modifications of the outer edge of the operculum and pigmentation of the pallial roof and cephalic tentacles, and also differ in shell shape, thickness of outer shell lip, size of buccal mass (relative to shell height), and number of cusps on the lateral and marginal radular teeth. Species recognized are Probythinella emarginata (KUSTER), distributed throughout the Mississippi River drainage and drainages of Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mackenzie River; and P. protera PILSBRY, found in brackish waters along the eastern Gulf of Mexico. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 126 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MICROSCOPICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 1996 VL 115 IS 2 BP 120 EP 144 DI 10.2307/3227043 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA UJ968 UT WOS:A1996UJ96800005 ER PT J AU Reid, JW Janetzky, W AF Reid, JW Janetzky, W TI Colonization of Jamaican bromeliads by Tropocyclops jamaicensis n sp (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida) SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecology; phytotelmata; taxonomy; Antilles ID DIACYCLOPS AB Tropocyclops jamaicensis n. sp. is the most numerous copepod and frequently the most numerous metazoan of phytotelmata in leaf axils of terrestrial bromeliads of the Cockpit Country, Jamaica. Distinctive apomorphies of this species, particularly the naked pediger 5 and the 2 setae on leg 5, necessitate emending the diagnosis of the genus Tropocyclops. Tropocyclops jamaicensis occurred in 63% of bromeliads sampled, but the next most numerous copepod, Ectocyclops phaleratus, occurred in 17.5%. In colonization experiments, T. jamaicensis, along with ostracodes and chironomid and mosquito larvae, invaded some plants within 2 to 5 weeks. After 13 weeks, 8 of 10 plants harbored populations of this copepod. C1 UNIV OLDENBURG,INST CHEM & BIOL MEERES,D-26111 OLDENBURG,GERMANY. RP Reid, JW (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,MRC 163,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MICROSCOPICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 1996 VL 115 IS 4 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.2307/3227020 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA VN068 UT WOS:A1996VN06800006 ER PT J AU Lushchekina, AA Yun, M Neronov, VM Hoffmann, RS AF Lushchekina, AA Yun, M Neronov, VM Hoffmann, RS TI Specific features of distribution of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) in China SO IZVESTIYA AKADEMII NAUK SERIYA BIOLOGICHESKAYA LA Russian DT Article AB The distribution of the great gerbil (Rh. opimus) in China was analyzed on the basis of published data, museum collections, natural maps, and authors' field observations. A preliminary scheme was plotted for range regionalization, in which three parts have been isolated or, according to classification of Dubrovskii and Kucheruk (1971), three regional complexes of autonomous groups of populations: Dzungarian, Beishanian and Alashanian. West of the main area of the great gerbil distribution, an isolated colony is located in the Ili river valley, connected with the Kazakhstan portion of the range (Ili regional complex of autonomous groups of populations). Additional field observations are required for more detailed description of the great gerbil range. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Lushchekina, AA (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST PROBLEMS ECOL & EVOLUT,LENINSKII PR 33,MOSCOW 117071,RUSSIA. RI Neronov, Valery/C-3959-2014; Lushchekina, Anna/C-3945-2014 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0002-3329 J9 IZV AKAD NAUK BIOL+ JI Izv. Akad. Nauk Ser. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TX100 UT WOS:A1996TX10000007 PM 8640111 ER PT J AU Coddington, JA Young, LH Coyle, FA AF Coddington, JA Young, LH Coyle, FA TI Estimating spider species richness in a southern Appalachian cove hardwood forest SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIODIVERSITY; NUMBER; EXTRAPOLATION; SYSTEMATICS; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Variation in species richness at the landscape scale is an important consideration in conservation planning and natural resource management. To assess the ability of rapid inventory techniques to estimate local species richness, three collectors sampled the spider fauna of a ''wilderness'' cove forest in the southern Appalachians for 133 person-hours during September and early October 1991 using four methods: aerial hand collecting, ground hand collecting, beating, and leaf litter extraction. Eighty-nine species in 64 genera and 19 families were found. To these data we applied various statistical techniques (lognormal, Poisson lognormal, Chao 1, Chao 2, jackknife, and species accumulation curve) to estimate the number of species present as adults at this site. Estimates clustered between roughly 100-130 species with an outlier (Poisson lognormal) at 182 species. We compare these estimates to those from Bolivian tropical forest sites sampled in much the same way but less intensively. We discuss the biases and errors such estimates may entail and their utility for inventory design. We also assess the effects of method, time of day and collector on the number of adults, number of species and taxonomic composition of the samples and discuss the nature and importance of such effects. Method, collector and method-time of day interaction significantly affected the numbers of adults and species per sample; and each of the four methods collected clearly different sets of species. Finally, we present recommendations to guide future research on the estimation of spider species richness. RP Coddington, JA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 50 TC 139 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 111 EP 128 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA VW786 UT WOS:A1996VW78600005 ER PT J AU He, FL Legendre, P LaFrankie, JV AF He, FL Legendre, P LaFrankie, JV TI Spatial pattern of diversity in a tropical rain forest in Malaysia SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE diversity; Malaysia; non-equilibrium; rain forest; spatial structure ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HETEROGENEITY; PARADIGM; TREES; AREA AB The diversity of trees (species richness, abundance and Shannon diversity) in a tropical rain forest of Malaysia has been studied from the point of view of its spatial organization in order to formulate hypotheses about the origin of the observed spatial patterns. The question that motivated this study is whether tropical forests communities are in a state of equilibrium or nonequilibrium. Three aspects have been examined: (1) changes in diversity were studied with respect to sampling area and sampling designs. A minimum area of 5-10 ha is recommended by the species-area curves, while 2-5 ha seem appropriate based on the Shannon diversity-area curves. Different sampling designs significantly affect the species-area curves. The power function, which can be derived under the equilibrium assumption, is not appropriate to fit the observed diversity-area curves. (2) The spatial features of diversity variables were then studied. Variograms showed that there are dominant short-range effects (around 150 m), obvious anisotropic distribution, and high random variation in the diversity data. (3) Partitioning the variation of the diversity measures into environmental (topographic) and spatial components indicated that the spatial organisation of that community was mostly unpredictable. There may be many processes controlling the formation of the spatial patterns in the tropical rain forest. Unidentified causes, affecting mainly the small-scale processes (< 20 m), seem responsible for the large amount of undetermined variation in the diversity data sets. The study suggests that the Pasoh forest of Malaysia may not be in a state of equilibrium. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT SCI BIOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 49 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 23 IS 1 BP 57 EP 74 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1996.00976.x PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA UU811 UT WOS:A1996UU81100005 ER PT J AU Schafer, CT Cole, FEL Frobel, D Rice, N Buzas, MA AF Schafer, CT Cole, FEL Frobel, D Rice, N Buzas, MA TI An in situ experiment on temperature sensitivity of nearshore temperate benthic foraminifera SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEEP-SEA; COLONIZATION; SEDIMENTS; PROTOZOAN; RECOLONIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SETTLEMENT; FLORIDA; SIZE AB The Benthic Foraminifera Temperature Experiment (BFTREX) is an in situ experiment that tested the response of nearshore benthic foraminiferal species to a +4 degrees C offset in ambient bottom water temperature, A local Bedford Basin (Halifax Harbour) foraminiferal population colonized eight 56 cm x 56 cm pans that were placed in a water depth of 7 m. Four of the pans were heated by a computer controlled system that maintained the temperature of their contained substrate material (fine sterile sand) at +4 degrees C above natural ambient temperature. The experiment was run from July, 1990 to October, 1991 (462 days). The sequence of colonization by foraminifera appeared to be generally similar in heated and unheated pans, and for both the 0-1 cm and 1-3 cm sediment depth intervals over the 15-month operational period. During the summer of 1991, the population density in the 0-1 cm layer of the heated substrate was lower than in the unheated substrate. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) of living foraminiferal data at the species level indicated that: (1) of the six species that showed a difference between heated and unheated pans, only one (Textularia gracillima) preferred heated pans, and the two most abundant species in the natural environment (Eggerella advena and Lepidodeuterammina ochracea) preferred unheated pans; and (2) four of the six species that exhibited a difference between heated and unheated pan populations are arenaceous types. Three of these six also showed a significant ''heat x time'' hypothesis, suggesting a change in temperature preference that appears to be seasonally-dependent (e.g., T. gracillima showed a preference for heated pans during the colder seasons). These observations suggest that some species in the living population may preferentially colonize shallower or deeper water habitats in response to interannual variations of bottom water temperature. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,BEDFORD INST OCEANOG,DARTMOUTH,NS B2Y 4A2,CANADA. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Schafer, CT (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,BEDFORD INST OCEANOG,DARTMOUTH,NS B2Y 4A2,CANADA. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA TT363 UT WOS:A1996TT36300006 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH AF Ubelaker, DH TI The remains of Dr Carl Austin Weiss: Anthropological analysis SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; anthropology; physical anthropology; forensic anthropology; human identification; Dr Carl Austin Weiss; Huey Long AB Anthropological analysis of the remains of Dr. Carl Austin Weiss revealed biological information consistent with his known characteristics. Postmortem changes included decomposition of amalgam dental restorations, likely releasing mercury that stained the anterior dentition, deposition of sulphur compounds on much of the skeleton, and the formation of numerous small bone fractures. Analysis revealed extensive perimortem trauma, indicating multiple gunshot wounds to the upper body. Trajectory analysis of the bony trauma suggested that at least 20 projectiles penetrated Dr. Weiss's body. They originated from many different directions, but mostly from the posterior. No bony changes associated with perimortem trauma of the hands were noted. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 60 EP 79 PG 20 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA UM893 UT WOS:A1996UM89300012 PM 8934701 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD Kharchenko, VA Sun, Y Dalgarno, A AF Sharma, RD Kharchenko, VA Sun, Y Dalgarno, A TI Energy distribution of fast nitrogen atoms in the nighttime terrestrial thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS THERMOSPHERE; NITRIC-OXIDE; HOT N(S-4); NO; KINETICS; N(2D); O(3P) AB Energetic nitrogen atoms play a significant role in the chemistry and thermal balance of the thermosphere. The nocturnal energy distribution is calculated and the importance of including the center of mass motion is demonstrated. The center of mass motion gives rise to an extended component of fast atoms. The calculation of the energy distribution includes the loss of energetic nitrogen atoms in reactions with molecular oxygen. The density of energetic atoms and their energy distribution are strong functions of local time, altitude, and latitude. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), PHILLIPS LAB,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,DIV OPT ENVIRONM,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1029/95JA02701 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000025 ER PT J AU Kharchenko, VA Rosen, M AF Kharchenko, VA Rosen, M TI Auger relaxation processes in semiconductor nanocrystals and quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger relaxation processes; semiconductor nanocrystals; quantum wells ID RECOMBINATION; LASERS; DOTS; MECHANISM AB Auger recombination rates in mesoscopic semiconductor structures have been studied as a function of energy band parameters and heterostructure size. It is shown that nonthreshold Auger processes stimulated by the presence of heteroboundaries become the dominant nonradiative recombination channel in nanometer size semiconductor structures. The size dependence of luminescence quantum yields in nanostructures and microcrystals are discussed. Auger-like collisions of electrons and heavy holes are shown to serve as ''accelerators'' of thermalization processes in semiconductor quantum dots. C1 USN,RES LAB,BEAM THEORY SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Kharchenko, VA (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 22 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PY 1996 VL 70 BP 158 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0022-2313(96)00052-X PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA VP014 UT WOS:A1996VP01400014 ER PT J AU Dias, JLC Montali, RJ Strandberg, JD Johnson, LK Wolff, MJ AF Dias, JLC Montali, RJ Strandberg, JD Johnson, LK Wolff, MJ TI Endocrine neoplasia in New World primates SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheochromocytoma; pituitary tumor; Callitrichidae; cebidae; platyrrhini; monkey AB Of 1,106 New World primates necropsied from the National Zoological Park (Washington, D.C.) and the Department of Comparative Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Baltimore, Maryland) 22 (1.9%) animals were identified with 27 neoplasms. Of this group, nine animals (two females, seven males) had a total of 13 endocrine neoplasms. All animals were adults, with an age range of 2.7-25 years (average, 12.1 years). Seven were Callitrichidae and two were Cebidae, The adrenal gland was the most affected organ, with seven (53.8%) neoplasms, followed by the pituitary and thyroid gland with two (15.4%) cases each, and the pancreas and parathyroid gland with one tumor (7.7%) each. All neoplastic disorders were benign. Immunocytochemistry assays for growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and chromogranin A were performed on two pituitary neoplasms. Pheochromocytoma was the most frequent neoplasm, representing 5 (38.4%) of the 13 neoplasms. The remaining were thyroid cystadenoma (two, 15.4%), corticotrophic cell pituitary adenoma (two, 15.4%), adrenal ganglioneuroma (one, 7.7%), adrenal cortical adenoma (one, 7.7%), parathyroid chief-cell adenoma (one, 7.7%), and pancreatic islet-cell adenoma (one, 7.7%). C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV SAO PAULO,FAC VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,BR-05508 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ANIM HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DIV COMPARAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,REGISTRY COMPARAT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RI Catao-Dias, Jose Luiz/C-4897-2012; Johnson, Linda/B-1828-2014 OI Catao-Dias, Jose Luiz/0000-0003-2999-3395; Johnson, Linda/0000-0002-7574-7753 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA UF689 UT WOS:A1996UF68900007 PM 8740950 ER PT J AU Oliver, WA Sorauf, JE Brett, CE AF Oliver, WA Sorauf, JE Brett, CE TI A unique occurrence of Endophyllum (Rugose coral; Devonian) in Eastern North America: An ecological and biogeographical puzzle SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK AB Endophyllum is described for the first time from North America. The occurrence of a single, large colony in Middle Devonian strata in New York is both biogeographically and environmentally anomalous: it belongs to an Old World Realm genus but was found in the Eastern Americas Realm, and it occurred in a gray, ambocoeliid-bearing mudstone, a facies in which morphologically complex corals are otherwise unknown. Available evidence suggests that the coral lived not far from where it was found, possibly on a hardground or bank a few km north of the outcrop. Endophyllum ciurcai new species is described. C1 SUNY BINGHAMTON,DEPT GEOL SCI,BINGHAMTON,NY 13902. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. RP Oliver, WA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,US GEOL SURVEY,MUSEUM NAT HIST E 305,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI ITHACA PA 1259 TRUMANSBURG ROAD, ITHACA, NY 14850 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 70 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA TQ976 UT WOS:A1996TQ97600005 ER PT J AU Yoshino, K Esmond, JR Sun, Y Parkinson, WH Ito, K Matsui, T AF Yoshino, K Esmond, JR Sun, Y Parkinson, WH Ito, K Matsui, T TI Absorption cross section measurements of carbon dioxide in the wavelength region 118.7-175.5 nm and the temperature dependence SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; CO2 AB Laboratory measurements of the relative absorption cross sections of CO2 at the temperatures 195 and 295 K have been made throughout the wavelength region 118.7-175.5 nm. Laboratory measurements of the absolute absorption cross sections of CO2 at the temperature 195 and 295 K have been made at 12 different wavelengths in the region 118.7-175.5 nm. These absolute values have been used to put the relative cross section measurements of CO2 at 195 and 295K on an absolute basis throughout the region 118.7-175.5 nm. Almost no temperature dependence was observed in the peak cross sections of the strong bands at 130 nm region, but large temperature effects are seen in the other regions. C1 NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,PHOTON FACTORY,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP Yoshino, K (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(95)00135-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA TN215 UT WOS:A1996TN21500007 ER PT J AU Swanson, WF Howard, JG Roth, TL Brown, JL Alvarado, T Burton, M Starnes, D Wildt, DE AF Swanson, WF Howard, JG Roth, TL Brown, JL Alvarado, T Burton, M Starnes, D Wildt, DE TI Responsiveness of ovaries to exogenous gonadotrophins and laparoscopic artificial insemination with frozen-thawed spermatozoa in ocelots (Felis pardalis) SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID TIGER PANTHERA-TIGRIS; DOMESTIC CAT; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; ACINONYX-JUBATUS; INTRAUTERINE; CRYOPRESERVATION; PRESERVATION; CHEETAH AB Adult female ocelots (Felis paradalis) were treated with one of four dosages of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (100 iu eCG/75 iu hCG, n = 3; 200 iu eCG/150 iu hCG, n = 4; 400 iu eCG/150 iu hCG, n = 5; 500 iu eCG/225 iu hCG, n = 5); hCG was administered 80 h after eCG. Ovaries of each animal were evaluated by laparoscopy 39-43 h after hCG, and blood was collected for progesterone and oestradiol analysis. With progressive increases in gonadotrophin dosage, female ocelots produced more (P < 0.05) unovulated follicles (greater than or equal to 2 mm in diameter), ranging from 1.3 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM) follicles per female at the lowest dosage to 8.8 +/- 2.8 follicles per female at the highest dosage. Similarly, ocelots produced more (P < 0.05) corpora lutea with increasing gonadotrophin dosages, with mean values ranging from 0-5.0 +/- 1.2 corpora lutea. However, across treatment groups, a similar proportion (P > 0.05) of females ovulated in response to each dosage. At laparoscopy, serum concentrations of oestradiol (overall mean, 330.2 +/- 62.2 pg ml(-1)) and serum concentrations of progesterone (overall mean, 18.5 +/- 6.4 ng ml(-1)) in ovulating females did not differ (P > 0.05) across treatment groups. Ten ovulating ocelots were laparoscopically inseminated with fresh (4.7 +/- 0.2 x 10(6); n = 2 females) or frozen-thawed (10.7 +/- 1.8 x 10(6); n = 8 females), motile spermatozoa. One female treated with 500 iu eCG/225 iu hCG and inseminated with 7.5 x 10(6) motile, frozen-thawed spermatozoa conceived and gave birth to a healthy male kitten after a gestation of 78 days. We conclude that ocelots are relatively insensitive to exogenous gonadotrophins, requiring much higher dosages (on a per body mass basis) to elicit an appropriate ovarian response than do any other felid species studied to date. Nonetheless, the gonadotrophin-treated female can become pregnant and carry offspring to term after laparoscopic intrauterine insemination with frozen-thawed spermatozoa. C1 DALLAS ZOO, DALLAS, TX 75203 USA. CHEYENNE MT ZOOL PK, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80906 USA. CALDWELL ZOO, TYLER, TX 75712 USA. RP Swanson, WF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, CONSERVAT & RES CTR, FRONT ROYAL, VA 22630 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [1K01RR0009801] NR 40 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 106 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TP222 UT WOS:A1996TP22200013 PM 8667352 ER PT J AU Wolfe, BA Wildt, DE AF Wolfe, BA Wildt, DE TI Development to blastocysts of domestic cat oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro after prolonged cold storage SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID INVITRO FERTILIZATION; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; BOVINE OOCYTES; PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; MEIOTIC SPINDLE; CULTURE-MEDIUM; MATURATION; TEMPERATURE; CLEAVAGE AB Four experiments determined the kinetics of in vitro maturation and fertilization of cat oocytes and the effects of prolonged cold storage of ovaries before oocyte recovery on in vitro maturation/in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) success. Domestic cat ovaries were collected at ovariohysterectomy and stored at 4 degrees C in PBS until oocyte recovery and culture in Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) containing FSH, LH, oestradiol and BSA for maturation. In Expt I, meiotic maturation was assessed at 0, 12, 24, 38 and 48 h of culture. After 24 h, > 61% of oocytes were in telophase I or metaphase II. In Expt 2, oocytes were recovered from ovaries stored for 24, 48 or 72 h and cultured in EMEM for 24 h. There was no difference among groups (P > 0.05) in the ability to achieve nuclear maturation (mean +/- SEM, 57.1 +/- 5.3%, 60.4 +/- 5.4%, 55.4 +/- 15.1% for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively). Fertilization and embryo development after insemination at 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 h of culture were examined in Expt 3. Of 98 oocytes inseminated at 32 h, 69% cleaved, 59% developed into morulae and 13% into blastocysts, more (P < 0.05) than those oocytes inseminated at earlier and later times. Development to blastocysts occurred after insemination at 16 (1.2%), 24 (9.1%) and 32 (13.3%) h of culture, but not after insemination at 40 or 48 h. Expt 4 involved cold storage of ovaries for 24, 48 or 72 h before oocyte recovery and insemination at 32 h of culture (the optimal time measured in Expt 3). Compared with storage for 24 h, fertilization success was lower (P < 0.05) in the 48 and 72 h groups, and, although 9.1% of inseminated oocytes from the 24 h storage group developed to blastocysts, none (P < 0.05) achieved this stage after 48 or 72 h of storage. These results indicate that domestic cat oocytes reach nuclear maturity by 24 h in culture and can be fertilized and develop to blastocyts optimally after insemination at 32 h. Oocytes recovered from ovaries stored at 4 degrees C for up to 72 h are capable of reaching telophase I or metaphase II in vitro. However, only oocytes stored within the ovary for 24 h produce blastocysts, indicating that the ability to achieve nuclear maturation is an inadequate indicator of fertilization and developmental competence. RP Wolfe, BA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 23853] NR 44 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 7 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 106 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TP222 UT WOS:A1996TP22200020 PM 8667338 ER PT J AU Macintyre, IG Reid, RP Steneck, RS AF Macintyre, IG Reid, RP Steneck, RS TI Growth history of stromatolites in a Holocene fringing reef, Stocking Island, Bahamas SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBTIDAL STROMATOLITES; CARBONATE; SALINITY AB A stromatolite and algal ridge reef complex 2.1 m thick fringes the east coast of Stocking Island, Exuma Gays, Bahamas, This reef was established on a Pleistocene calcarenite terrace about 4500 yr BP. Stromatolites, which occur in back-reef and reef-flat zones, are up to 1 m thick and were constructed by cyanobacterial-dominated communities, Study of the growth history of these stromatolites, ranging in scope from facies analyses to details of microfabric construction, presents new perspectives on stromatolite formation. Lithologies identified in eight cores from across the Stocking Island reef complex, together with plots of 13 radiocarbon dates in relation to a Bahamian sea-level curve, indicate that this reef began as an intertidal vermetid gastropod buildup, Subsequent flooding of the Pleistocene terrace allowed the branching coralline alga Neogoniolithon strictum to overgrow the vermetids and eventually form an emergent algal ridge about 1500 years ago. Shifting sands accumulated in the lee of this ridge and excluded most benthic communities and herbivores, thereby promoting growth of cyanobacterial mats that formed stromatolite buildups. With a decrease in wave energy over the last 500 years, possibly due to the growth of offshore patch reefs, the urchin Echinometra lucunter colonized the algal ridge. Resultant bioerosion by this urchin destroyed the emergent part of the ridge and is now undercutting the seaward edge of the stromatolite buildups. Lamination in the Stocking Island stromatolites results from early lithification processes in cyanobacterial mats, possibly in response to biogeochemical changes in the mats during hiatuses in sediment accretion. These processes, which create partially indurated laminae with a distinct microstructure, involve precipitation of thin micrite crusts, intense microboring along a surface below this crust, micritization of sediment grains, and precipitation of point-contact cement between micritized grains, Introduction of turf algae to the cyanobacterial mat community disrupts formation of the lithified laminae, thereby inhibiting stromatolite development. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. UNIV MAINE,DARLING MARINE CTR,DEPT OCEANOG,WALPOLE,ME 04573. RP Macintyre, IG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,MRC 125,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 58 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 1073-130X J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 66 IS 1 BP 231 EP 242 PN A PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA TT541 UT WOS:A1996TT54100025 ER PT J AU Grassi, M Cosmo, ML AF Grassi, M Cosmo, ML TI Atmospheric research with the small expendable deployer system: Preliminary analysis SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID AEROTHERMODYNAMIC RESEARCH; ATTITUDE DYNAMICS; ORBIT AB Data on the structure of the lower thermosphere are extremely limited because of the inaccessibility of this region to research vehicles. Downward-deployed tethered satellites can provide access to this region of the atmosphere. A preliminary analysis of the potential use of the end mass of the Small Expendable Deployer System as a scientific platform for atmospheric and aerothermodynamic research is presented, To this end, the deployment and attitude dynamics of the end mass during the first mission have been numerically simulated. It is shown that measurements of the atmospheric mean density with the end-mass onboard accelerometers can be performed only in a short time interval around the orbit perigee; in addition, the analysis of the payload attitude dynamics shows the need for attitude control. A preliminary analysis of end-mass attitude control techniques is then performed, Results show that the stringent attitude control requirements can be satisfied by active control devices. C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Grassi, M (reprint author), UNIV NAPLES FEDERICO II,DIPARTIMENTO SCI & INGN SPAZIO,PLE TECCHIO 80,I-80125 NAPLES,ITALY. RI Grassi, Michele/I-2379-2012 OI Grassi, Michele/0000-0001-8480-4353 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.2514/3.55709 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100011 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG Marin, MC AF Eberhard, WG Marin, MC TI Sexual behavior and the enlarged hind legs of male Megalopus armatus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Megalopodinae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Behavioral observations indicate the giant hind legs of male Magalopus ar matus beetles function as weapons in battles between males over sites where feeding and mating occur; they are not used to court females. Males court females actively during copulation. C1 UNIV COSTA RICA,ESCUELA BIOL,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Marin Vieira, Maria del Carmen/B-8108-2015 OI Marin Vieira, Maria del Carmen/0000-0002-7149-287X NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UQ260 UT WOS:A1996UQ26000001 ER PT J AU Triebskorn, R Higgins, R Kortje, KH Storch, V AF Triebskorn, R Higgins, R Kortje, KH Storch, V TI Localization of iron stores and iron binding sites in blood cells of five different priapulid species by energy-filtering electron microscopy (EFTEM) SO JOURNAL OF TRACE AND MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Priapulida; blood cells; iron; energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy; EFTEM; ESI; EELS ID HALICRYPTUS-SPINULOSUS PRIAPULIDA; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; HEMERYTHRIN; ULTRASTRUCTURE; TUBILUCHIDAE; FERRITIN; GRANULES; PROTEINS; ANOXIA AB In five priapulid species, Halicryptus spinulosus (von Siebold, 1849), Priapulus caudatus (Lamarck, 1816), Priapulus tuberculatospinosus (Baird, 1868), Priapulopsis australis (de Guerne, 1886), and Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1868), iron distribution was investigated in blood cells by means of two energy-filtering electron microscopical methods, electron spectroscopical imaging (ESI) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Using ESI, we localized iron in different types of vacuoles and vesicles in the cytoplasm of the erythrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that iron was bound to the plasma membrane of these blood cells. In each species investigated, a special combination of iron-binding/storage sites was found. By EELS, energy loss spectra were recorded from sites where ESI indicated the presence of iron. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV HOHENHEIM,INST ZOOL,D-70593 STUTTGART,GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST ZOOL 1,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RP Triebskorn, R (reprint author), UNIV TUBINGEN,DEPT PHYSIOL ECOL,INST ZOOL,MORGENSTELLE 1,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0733-4680 J9 J TRACE MICROPROBE T JI J. Trace Microprobe Tech. PY 1996 VL 14 IS 4 BP 775 EP 797 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA VW279 UT WOS:A1996VW27900009 ER PT J AU RAND, H AF RAND, H TI FOR SOME THINGS, YOU-JUST-HAD-TO-BE-THERE, THE NET AND ART SO LEONARDO LA English DT Editorial Material RP RAND, H (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD ST JOURNALS DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Art SC Art GA UR075 UT WOS:A1996UR07500001 ER PT J AU BROWN, E AF BROWN, E TI ART, ELECTRONIC OUTREACH AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY SO LEONARDO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intellectual Property Rights and the Arts - The Impact of New Technologies CY DEC 13, 1994 CL MUSEUM TELEVIS & RADIO, NEW YORK, NY SP New York Int Festival Arts HO MUSEUM TELEVIS & RADIO RP BROWN, E (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD ST JOURNALS DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 1996 VL 29 IS 4 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Art SC Art GA VD670 UT WOS:A1996VD67000019 ER PT J AU RAND, H AF RAND, H TI SHADOWS - THE DEPICTION OF CAST SHADOWS IN WESTERN ART - GOMBRICH,EH SO LEONARDO LA English DT Book Review RP RAND, H (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD ST JOURNALS DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 1996 VL 29 IS 4 BP 333 EP 333 DI 10.2307/1576329 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA VD670 UT WOS:A1996VD67000026 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Swimming underground: My years in the Warhol factory - Woronov,M SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TT762 UT WOS:A1996TT76200098 ER PT J AU Kaufman, E AF Kaufman, E TI The selected poems of Nikki Giovanni (1968-1995) - Giovanni,N SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kaufman, E (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,GALLERY LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TT762 UT WOS:A1996TT76200138 ER PT J AU Kaufman, E AF Kaufman, E TI Lights and mysteries - Centolella,T SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kaufman, E (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,GALLERY LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TT762 UT WOS:A1996TT76200135 ER PT S AU Towe, KM AF Towe, KM BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI Environmental oxygen conditions during the origin and early evolution of life SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE; SPACE ENVIRONMENT; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SOUTH-AFRICA; SULFUR; CHEMISTRY; IRON; PALEOATMOSPHERE; MICROORGANISMS; TEMPERATURE AB The well-known sensitivity of proteins and nucleic acids to UV-radiation requires that some internally consistent protection scenario be envisioned for the origin and early evolution of life on Earth. Although a variety of ozone-surrogates has been proposed, the available biochemical, geochemical and geological evidence best supports the conclusion that free oxygen was available at levels capable of providing at least a moderate ozone screen. Levels of oxygen near 1-2% of the present atmospheric level are consistent with such a screen, and with: (1) the biochemical needs of early procaryotes considered phylogenetically more primitive than the oxygen-producing Cyanobacteria; (2) the rare-earth element data from the oxide facies of the 3.8 Byr-old Isua banded-iron formations; (3) the nature and phylogenetic distribution of superoxide dismutases; (4) the need for aerobic recycling of early photosynthetic productivity dictated by the distribution of ancient sedimentary iron and organic carbon; (5) the incompatibility of dissolved reduced sulfur (to support anoxygenic photosynthesis) and ferrous iron (to support banded iron-formations) in the surface waters of the world oceans; and (6) the comparative oxygen and UV-sensitivities of modern procaryotes. Copyright (C) 1996. RP Towe, KM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00022-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00001 ER PT B AU Kurucz, RL AF Kurucz, RL BE Adelman, SJ Kupka, F Weiss, WW TI Model stellar atmospheres and real stellar atmospheres SO M.A.S.S. - MODEL ATMOSPHERES AND SPECTRUM SYNTHESIS, 5TH VIENNA - WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Vienna Workshop on Model Atmospheres and Spectrum Synthesis (M A S S) CY JUL 06-11, 1995 CL TECH UNIV, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fonds Forder Wissensch Forsch, Asteroseismol Along Cent Main Astrophys Project, Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Space Agcy HO TECH UNIV AB I discuss errors in theory and in interpreting observations that are produced by the failure to consider resolution in space, time, and energy as well as convection in stellar model atmospheres and in stars. Large errors in abundances are possible such as the factor of ten error in the Li abundance for extreme Population II stars. Finally I discuss the variation of microturbulent velocity with depth, effective temperature, gravity, and abundance. These variations must be dealt with in computing models and grids and in any type of photometric calibration. RP Kurucz, RL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-28-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 108 BP 2 EP 18 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy GA BH18X UT WOS:A1996BH18X00001 ER PT B AU Kurucz, RL AF Kurucz, RL BE Adelman, SJ Kupka, F Weiss, WW TI Status of the ATLAS12 opacity sampling program and of new programs for Rosseland and for distribution function opacity SO M.A.S.S. - MODEL ATMOSPHERES AND SPECTRUM SYNTHESIS, 5TH VIENNA - WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Vienna Workshop on Model Atmospheres and Spectrum Synthesis (M A S S) CY JUL 06-11, 1995 CL TECH UNIV, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fonds Forder Wissensch Forsch, Asteroseismol Along Cent Main Astrophys Project, Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Space Agcy HO TECH UNIV AB I have developed a new opacity-sampling version of my model atmosphere program ATLAS12 which recognizes more than 1000 atomic and molecular species, each in up to 10 isotopic forms. It can treat all ions of the elements up through Zn and the first 5 ions of heavier elements up through Es. The elemental and isotopic abundances are treated as variables with depth. ATLAS12 now reads atomic line data from Kurucz CD-ROM 1 and diatomic molecular data from Kurucz CD-ROM 15. For each line the wavelength, identification, lower energy level, gf, radiative, Stark, and van der Waals damping constants are packed into 16 bytes. At each wavelength point in a frequency integration the Voigt profiles of all the significant nearby lines are computed and summed. The H, He, and autoionizing lines are treated with the appropriate profile functions. The fluxes predicted by ATLAS12 are inaccurate in intermediate or narrow bandpass intervals as the sample size is too small. A special stripped version of the spectrum synthesis program SYNTHE generates the surface flux for the converged model using the line data on CD-ROMs 1 and 15. That high resolution spectrum can be used directly or be instrumentally broadened to compare to low resolution observations. SYNTHE versions are being developed for computing the Rosseland opacity and the total or line distribution function opacity. ATLAS12 can produce improved models for Am and Ap stars, should be very useful for investigating diffusion effects in atmospheres, and can model exciting stars for H II regions with abundances consistent with those of the H II region. These programs and line files will be distributed on CD-ROMs. RP Kurucz, RL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-28-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 108 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy GA BH18X UT WOS:A1996BH18X00018 ER PT B AU Saar, SH AF Saar, SH BE Uchida, Y Kosugi, T Hudson, HS TI Recent measurements of stellar magnetic fields SO MAGNETODYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE: PROTOTYPES OF STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 153rd Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere - Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity CY MAY 22-27, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union, Natl Astron Observatory, Astron Soc Japan C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4176-7 PY 1996 BP 367 EP 374 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55N UT WOS:A1996BG55N00068 ER PT J AU Stanley, DJ AF Stanley, DJ TI Nile delta: Extreme case of sediment entrapment on a delta plain and consequent coastal land loss SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TRANSPORT AB Accelerated erosion of Egypt's Nile delta coast during this century has generally been attributed to construction of two darns at Aswan, entrapment of sediment in Lake Nasser behind the High Dam, and effects of barrages and river control structures on River Nile deposition below Aswan. Also considered important are natural factors, including delta subsidence, rising sea level and strong coastal current processes. This study proposes that more influential in controlling coastal land loss is the near-complete entrapment of modern and reworked Nile sediment on the Nile delta plain. Sediment is primarily retained in an extremely dense network of irrigation and drain channels, and also in wetlands in the northern delta. The increased number of artificial canals, more than 10,000 km of waterway, is a response to Egypt's drive to augment its much-needed agricultural production by perennial irrigation. The drastically reduced amount of sediment now reaching the sea, discharged primarily from lagoon outlets and several canal mouths, is removed by strong, easterly-directed coastal and innermost shelf currents. The Nile delta is an extreme example of a depocenter which has been completely altered by man, from an active prograding delta to a locally eroding coastal plain. RP Stanley, DJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DELTAS GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,PALEOBIOL E-206 NMNH,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 129 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(96)83344-5 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA TV774 UT WOS:A1996TV77400001 ER PT J AU Goodfriend, GA Stanley, DJ AF Goodfriend, GA Stanley, DJ TI Reworking and discontinuities in Holocene sedimentation in the Nile Delta: Documentation from amino acid racemization and stable isotopes in mollusk shells SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY EVOLUTION; ASPARTIC-ACID; EGYPT; EPIMERIZATION; CALIBRATION; REGION; C-14 AB The late Holocene sedimentary history of the northwestern edge of the Nile Delta is reconstructed from amino acid racemization, radiocarbon, and stable isotope analysis of a series of bivalve shells from a core taken at the edge of Lake Maryut near Alexandria. Amino acid racemization, confirmed by radiocarbon and stable isotope analysis, indicates that in many parts of the core mixed-age mollusk assemblages are present. Dating of the time of sediment accumulation at various levels in the core is therefore based on the age of the youngest shells, which are identified by amino acid racemization analysis (lowest D/L values). AMS radiocarbon analysis is used to determine the ages of the shells, except for the most recent sediments (last 100 yr), for which aspartic acid racemization provides more precise ages. Amino acid racemization analysis of 59 shells from 21 levels in the 4.8 m Holocene sequence in the core enabled identification of a large hiatus. Holocene sedimentation started at ca. 2400 BC, apparently corresponding to a westward shift of the course of the Canopic Nile distributary which lies to the east. Deposition continued at a rate of 1.4 mm per year, ceasing at ca. 550 BC, at which time the Canopic Nile shifted eastward again and subsequently became defunct. A marine connection during this period is indicated by stable isotope values of shells. Sediment accumulation began again only at the end of the 19th century, when a series of irrigation canals was connected to the Lake Maryut basin. Stable isotope values indicate a strong freshwater influence. Deposition has continued to the present at a very high rate (19 mm per year) due to supply of sediments by agricultural activity. The relative ease with which racemization analyses can be carried out permits detailed analysis of core chronostratigraphy, leading to more accurate reconstruction of core chronology: hiatuses can be pinpointed and documented, and age mixtures can be identified, with appropriate individual shells being selected for AMS radiocarbon analysis. Aspartic acid racemization analysis permits dating of samples from the last several hundred years, a period for which radiocarbon analyses provide poor precision. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DELTAS GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Goodfriend, GA (reprint author), CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,5251 BROAD BRANCH RD NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20015, USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 129 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(96)83348-2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA TV774 UT WOS:A1996TV77400005 ER PT J AU Brody, AJ Ralls, K Siniff, DB AF Brody, AJ Ralls, K Siniff, DB TI Potential impact of oil spills on California sea otters: Implications of the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris; sea otter; oil spill; survival rate; model ID MORTALITY AB Based on the survival of sea otters held at rehabilitation centers during the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, we built two models of otter mortality. One was based on the relationship between mortality and distance from spill origin, the other was based on the relationship between mortality and time from the spill origin. These models are simplistic and are meant as first steps in arriving at realistic risk estimates and in providing a conceptual framework for relating oil spills and sea otter mortality. Using the distance model, we simulated the impact of an Exxon Valdez event occurring at different locations along the California coast. A spill at the Monterey Peninsula had the greatest impact, exposing 90% of the California sea otter population to oil and killing at least 50% of the individuals. The time model was used to predict the mortality of otters exposed to oil of various ages and for various periods of time. It suggested that efforts to rehabilitate otters should be discontinued 20-30 d after a spill. The limitations of the data available from the Exxon Valdez spill emphasize the importance of being prepared to conduct appropriate research during the next oil spill in sea otter habitat. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Brody, AJ (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV HOSP,DIV EMERGENCY SERV,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 38 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00304.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA TQ361 UT WOS:A1996TQ36100004 ER PT S AU Melnick, GJ Dalgarno, A Erickson, NR Fazio, GG Goldsmith, PF Harwit, M Hollenbach, DJ Koch, DG Neufeld, DA Schieder, R Snell, RL Stauffer, JR Thaddeus, P Tolls, V Winnewisser, GF AF Melnick, GJ Dalgarno, A Erickson, NR Fazio, GG Goldsmith, PF Harwit, M Hollenbach, DJ Koch, DG Neufeld, DA Schieder, R Snell, RL Stauffer, JR Thaddeus, P Tolls, V Winnewisser, GF BE Foing, BH Manka, RH Lemke, D TI The submillimeter wave astronomy satellite: Mission science objectives SO MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND EXPLORING THE COLD UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1, E1/B3 and E3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commissions Band E on Missions to the Moon and Exploring the Cold Universe, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) mission is dedicated to the study of star formation and interstellar chemistry. To carry out this mission, SWAS will survey dense (n(H2) > 10(3) cm(-3)) molecular clouds within our galaxy in either the ground-state or a low-lying transition of five astrophysically important species: H2O, (H2O)-O-18, O-2, CI, and (CO)-C-13. By observing these lines SWAS will: (1) test long-standing theories that predict that these species are the dominant coolants of molecular clouds during the early stages of their collapse to form stars and planets and (2) supply heretofore missing information about the abundance of key species central to the chemical models of dense interstellar gas. SWAS will employ two independent Schottky barrier diode mixers, passively cooled to similar to 150 K, coupled to a 54 x 68-cm off-axis Cassegrain antenna with an aggregate surface error less than or equal to 11 mu m rms. During its three-year mission, SWAS will observe giant and dark cloud cores with the goal of detecting or setting an upper limit on the water abundance of 3 x 10(-6) (relative to H-2) and on the molecular oxygen abundance of 2 x 10(-6) (relative to H-2). In addition, advantage will be taken of SWAS's relatively large beamsize of 3.2 x 4.0 arcminutes at 551 GHz and 3.6 x 4.5 arcminutes at 492 GHz to obtain large-area (similar to 1 degrees x 1 degrees) maps of giant and dark clouds in the (CO)-C-13 and CI lines. With the use of a 1.4 GHz bandwidth acousto-optical spectrometer, SWAS will have the ability to simultaneously observe the H2O, O-2, CI, and (CO)-C-13 lines. All measurements will be conducted with a velocity resolution of less than 1 km s(-1). Copyright (C) 1996 COSPAR C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV COLOGNE,COLOGNE,GERMANY. RP Melnick, GJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Goldsmith, Paul/H-3159-2016 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042905-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00014-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG31E UT WOS:A1996BG31E00028 ER PT B AU Karovska, M Zaccheo, TS Cook, JW Brueckner, GE Howard, RA AF Karovska, M Zaccheo, TS Cook, JW Brueckner, GE Howard, RA BE Rust, DM TI Enhancing the spatial resolution of solar coronagraph images using dynamic imaging SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE image resolution enhancement; solar coronagraphs; dynamic imaging AB The LASCO C1 mirror coronagraph onboard the SOHO satellite (launched on 2 December 1995) was designed to observe the fine structure of the solar corona from 1.1 to 3.0 R(.). Even though the optical resolution is approximately 3 are sec, the nominal achieved resolution is set by the CCD pixel size of 5.6 are sec. A pixel size of 1.5 are sec or less is needed to obtain diffraction limited observations according to the Nyquist criteria, and therefore the actual coronagraph images are under sampled by a factor of 4. We have explored improving the spatial resolution of the LASCO C1 images using the technique of dynamic imaging. Successive images are obtained with sub-pixel displacements of the steerable primary mirror. Typically a set; of 4 images is obtained with 1/2 pixel displacements in the x and y axes. Using simulated data we have studied the improvement resulting both from simple co-addition of the multiple observations, and from a deconvolution algorithm we call Fractional Pixel Restorations (FPR). We studied the effects in numerical simulations of noise, contrast variations, modest differences in the scene observed in the multiple images, etc. We have also applied co-addition and the FPR algorithm to laboratory pre-flight images of a wire mesh target, which significantly improved the resolution. Using dynamic imaging with 16 images and 1/4 pixel steps, it would in principle be possible to reach the diffraction limit of the telescope in some circumstances (low noise, sufficient image contrast, no temporal changes in the observed scene, a well characterized instrumental point response function). By the time of this meeting we hope to have high resolution solar images from the LASCO C1 telescope to show. LASCO is a cooperative project of an international group of scientists at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, the Max-Planck Insitute fur Aeronomie, Germany the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale, France, and the Space Research Group at the University of Birmingham, Great Britain. RP Karovska, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.259713 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00019 ER PT B AU Romaine, SE Bruni, RJ Clark, AM Podgorski, WA Schultz, D Schwartz, DA VanSpeybroeck, L Zhou, Y Hahn, RE Johnston, GT Longmire, AJ Humphreys, JT Shapiro, AP Tjulander, R Barinek, E AF Romaine, SE Bruni, RJ Clark, AM Podgorski, WA Schultz, D Schwartz, DA VanSpeybroeck, L Zhou, Y Hahn, RE Johnston, GT Longmire, AJ Humphreys, JT Shapiro, AP Tjulander, R Barinek, E BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Monitoring program for the coating of the AXAF flight optics SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray reflectivity; grazing incidence; AXAF C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.245089 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00002 ER PT B AU Graessle, DE Clark, AM Fitch, JJ Harris, B Schwartz, DA Blake, RL AF Graessle, DE Clark, AM Fitch, JJ Harris, B Schwartz, DA Blake, RL BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Reflectance calibrations of AXAF witness mirrors using synchrotron radiation, 2-12 keV SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 18 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.245107 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00003 ER PT B AU Gorenstein, P Whitbeck, E Austin, G Kenter, A Pina, L Inneman, A Hudec, R AF Gorenstein, P Whitbeck, E Austin, G Kenter, A Pina, L Inneman, A Hudec, R BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI A lobster eye X-ray telescope prototype SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE X-rays; X-ray focussing; lobster eye optics; astronomical instrumentation C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.245080 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00008 ER PT B AU Clark, AM Bruni, RJ Romaine, SE Schwartz, DA VanSpeybroeck, L Yip, PW Drehman, AJ Shapiro, AP AF Clark, AM Bruni, RJ Romaine, SE Schwartz, DA VanSpeybroeck, L Yip, PW Drehman, AJ Shapiro, AP BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Correlation between X-ray reflectivity measurements and surface roughness of AXAF coated witness samples SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AFM; WYKO; surface roughness; reflectivity; AXAF C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1117/12.245102 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00029 ER PT B AU Bruni, RJ Clark, AM Moran, JF Nguyen, DT Romaine, SE Schwartz, DA VanSpeybroeck, L AF Bruni, RJ Clark, AM Moran, JF Nguyen, DT Romaine, SE Schwartz, DA VanSpeybroeck, L BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Verification of the coating performance for the AXAF flight optics based on reflectivity measurements of coated witness samples SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AXAF; X-ray reflectivity; grazing incidence C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1117/12.245098 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00033 ER PT B AU Fitch, JJ Graessle, DE Harris, B Hughes, JP Nguyen, DT Schwartz, DA Blake, RL AF Fitch, JJ Graessle, DE Harris, B Hughes, JP Nguyen, DT Schwartz, DA Blake, RL BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Analysis of iridium reflectance measurements for AXAF witness mirrors from 2-12 keV SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AXAF; calibrations; X-ray optics; optical constants C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1117/12.245108 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00034 ER PT B AU Harris, B Graessle, DE Fitch, JJ Juda, J Blake, RL Schattenburg, ML Gullikson, EM AF Harris, B Graessle, DE Fitch, JJ Juda, J Blake, RL Schattenburg, ML Gullikson, EM BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Iridium optical constants from X-ray transmission measurements over 2-12 keV SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1117/12.245109 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00035 ER PT J AU HOOVER, CA AF HOOVER, CA TI MUSICAL INSTRUMENT COLLECTIONS, A SPECIAL CHALLENGE + COLLECTING, CONSERVATION, EXHIBITION, AND INTERPRETATION OF THE WORLDS COLLECTIVE MUSICAL HERITAGE SO MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP HOOVER, CA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 1350-0775 J9 MUSEUM INT JI Mus. Int. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Art SC Art GA TT684 UT WOS:A1996TT68400001 ER PT B AU Lynch, JF Carmen, WJ Saunders, DA Cale, P AF Lynch, JF Carmen, WJ Saunders, DA Cale, P BE Saunders, DA Craig, JL Mattiske, EM TI Use of vegetated road verges and habitat patches by four bird species in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia SO NATURE CONSERVATION 4: THE ROLE OF NETWORKS SE NATURE CONSERVATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nature Conservation - The Role of Networks CY MAY, 1994 CL GERALDTON, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, Div Wildlife & Ecol C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP Lynch, JF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,647 CONTEES WHARF RD,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SURREY BEATTY & SONS PI CHIPPING NORTON NSW PA 43 RICKARD ROAD, CHIPPING NORTON NSW 2170, AUSTRALIA BN 0-949324-65-5 J9 NAT CONSERV SER JI Nat. Conserv. Ser. PY 1996 VL 4 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BF75U UT WOS:A1996BF75U00004 ER PT B AU Greenhouse, MA Satyapal, S Smith, HA Woodward, CE Fischer, J Forrest, WJ Pipher, J Watson, DM AF Greenhouse, MA Satyapal, S Smith, HA Woodward, CE Fischer, J Forrest, WJ Pipher, J Watson, DM BE Block, DL Greenberg, JM TI Fabry-perot imaging of dust grain processing in M82 SO NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology CY JAN 22-26, 1996 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA RP Greenhouse, MA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4223-2 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 209 BP 539 EP 541 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG78T UT WOS:A1996BG78T00073 ER PT S AU Fabbiano, G AF Fabbiano, G BE Bender, R Davies, RL TI The X-ray emission of E and SO galaxies SO NEW LIGHT ON GALAXY EVOLUTION SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 171st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on New Light on Galaxy Evolution CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Int Astron Union ID ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; CLUSTER; RADIO; M31 RP Fabbiano, G (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3975-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 171 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF34T UT WOS:A1996BF34T00017 ER PT S AU Halliday, C Baggley, G Davies, RL Birkinshaw, M Bender, R Saglia, R AF Halliday, C Baggley, G Davies, RL Birkinshaw, M Bender, R Saglia, R BE Bender, R Davies, RL TI Line strength gradients in low luminosity galaxies SO NEW LIGHT ON GALAXY EVOLUTION SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 171st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on New Light on Galaxy Evolution CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Int Astron Union ID ELLIPTIC GALAXIES C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MUNICH,W-8000 MUNICH,GERMANY. RP Halliday, C (reprint author), UNIV DURHAM,DEPT PHYS,DURHAM,ENGLAND. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3975-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 171 BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF34T UT WOS:A1996BF34T00098 ER PT S AU Jansen, RA Franx, M Fabricant, DG Caldwell, N AF Jansen, RA Franx, M Fabricant, DG Caldwell, N BE Bender, R Davies, RL TI Spectroscopic and photometric nearby field galaxy survey SO NEW LIGHT ON GALAXY EVOLUTION SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 171st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on New Light on Galaxy Evolution CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Int Astron Union C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. SMITHSONIAN INST,FL WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. RP Jansen, RA (reprint author), KAPTEYN ASTRON INST,LANDLEVEN 18,POB 800,9700 AV GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3975-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 171 BP 396 EP 396 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF34T UT WOS:A1996BF34T00107 ER PT J AU Wasshausen, DC AF Wasshausen, DC TI New species, new variety and new combinations in Stenandrium (Acanthaceae) from Ecuador and Colombia SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article AB A new species and a new variety are described: Stenandrium harlingii from prov. Morona-Santiago and S. harlingii var. angustifolia from Morona-Santiago. The new taxa are described, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives. Four new Colombian combinations are also made: Stenandrium andrei, S. arnoldii, S. fosbergii and S. nephoica. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY PI COPENHAGEN K PA THE SECRETARY BOTANICAL MUSEUM GOTHERSGADE 130, DK-1123 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK SN 0107-055X J9 NORD J BOT JI Nord. J. Bot. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 4 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1996.tb00251.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WJ451 UT WOS:A1996WJ45100005 ER PT J AU Wasshausen, DC AF Wasshausen, DC TI New species and new combinations in Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) from Ecuador and adjacent Peru SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article AB Nine new species and a new variety are described: Aphelandra villonacensis from prov. Loja, A. anderssonii from Loja, A. azuayensis from Azuay, A. tumbecensis from Tumbes, Peru, A. zamorensis from Zamora-Chinchipe, A. loxensis from Loja, A. neillii from Zamora-Chinchipe, A. rosulata var. albinotata from Morona-Santiago, A. albinotata from Esmeraldas, and A. mollissima from San Martin, Peru. The new taxa are described, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives. Two new combinations are made: Aphelandra modesta and A. rosulata. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY PI COPENHAGEN K PA THE SECRETARY BOTANICAL MUSEUM GOTHERSGADE 130, DK-1123 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK SN 0107-055X J9 NORD J BOT JI Nord. J. Bot. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 4 BP 389 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1996.tb00252.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WJ451 UT WOS:A1996WJ45100006 ER PT J AU Young, CM Devin, MG Jaeckle, WB Ekaratne, SUK George, SB AF Young, CM Devin, MG Jaeckle, WB Ekaratne, SUK George, SB TI The potential for ontogenetic vertical migration by larvae of bathyal echinoderms SO OCEANOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Biotic and Abiotic Interactions Regulating Life Cycle of Marine Invertebrates CY SEP 19-23, 1994 CL VILLEFRANCHE-SUR-MER, FRANCE ID GASTROPODS; SHELLS AB Planktotrophy is a relatively common developmental mode among bathyal and abyssal echinoderms, but the sources of food used by deep-sea planktotrophic larvae remain generally unknown. Very few deep-sea echinoderm larvae have been collected in plankton samples, so we do not know whether larvae migrate to the euphotic zone to feed or if they rely on bacteria or detritus at greater depths. We approached this question indirectly by investigating whether larvae of bathyal echinoids can tolerate the temperatures they would encounter in the euphotic zone and whether they possess sufficient energy stores to migrate to the euphotic zone without feeding. Twenty-four hour survival at 20 and 24 degrees C was always much lower than survival at colder temperatures, but there were species-specific and stage-specific differences in temperature tolerances. A numerical model of the energy consumed by migrating larvae predicted that larvae should be able to reach adequate phytoplankton concentrations before exhausting parental reserves, unless they swim very slowly and have very high metabolic rates. These results suggest that long vertical migrations are more likely to be limited by physiological tolerances than by energy stores. C1 SMITHSONIAN MARINE STN LINK PORT, FT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA. UNIV COLOMBO, DEPT BIOL, COLOMBO 3, SRI LANKA. RP Young, CM (reprint author), HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC, DEPT LARVAL ECOL, 5600 US HWY 1N, FT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-1784 J9 OCEANOL ACTA JI Oceanol. Acta PY 1996 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA VB830 UT WOS:A1996VB83000016 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, JM Minchin, PR AF Pandolfi, JM Minchin, PR TI A comparison of taxonomic composition and diversity between reef coral life and death assemblages in Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CARBONATE; ISLANDS; RECORD AB The comparative taphonomy of reef coral life and death assemblages makes an important contribution in estimating bias in the taxonomic composition of fossil reef ecosystems. In Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea, the taxonomic composition of reef coral death assemblages shows varying degrees of congruence with adjacent life assemblages in fringing reefs. The original composition of coral communities from low energy reef crest sites appears to be more mixing of populations obscures the original coral composition. Coral death assemblages from low energy reef crest habitats may represent autochthonous deposits retaining some of the original community structure, whereas those from high energy reef crest habitats may represent detrital deposits retaining little of their original ecological information. In addition, coral zonation patterns appear to be better preserved at broad than local spatial scales. Species richness, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and evenness of life and death assemblages were constant between sites and depths in Madang Lagoon. For all three parameters, however, diversity of reef coral death assemblages is significantly less than that of the corresponding life assemblages. This may be due to the unique life history attributes of reef corals. The great longevity of many reef corals may exceed the amount of time needed to degrade their skeletons. Alternatively, only a subset of the life assemblage is being selectively incorporated into the death assemblage. Published measures of fidelity for non-reef marine environments are different from those found in the reefs of Madang Lagoon. In Madang Lagoon reef corals, many live taxa are not found dead, but most taxa in the death assemblage are found alive. The situation is reversed in shelly faunas from non-reef open marine, coastal and intertidal settings: most live taxa are found dead and few taxa in the death assemblage are found alive. As with the diversity results, this probably has to do with the unique life hi;story of reef corals and/or selective preservation of a subset of taxa in the death assemblage. It may be, however, that the present study is not directly comparable to the other marine studies because (1) corals may undergo very different taphonomic processes from both reef and non-reef molluscs; and (2) the sampling regime of the present study, in targeting within- and between-habitat variability in preservation of taxonomic composition and diversity, may be different from previous studies. The community ecology approach utilized in the present comparative taphonomic study was sufficient to capture the high variability inherent in marine life and death assemblages. C1 UNIV MELBOURNE, SCH BOT, PARKVILLE, VIC 3052, AUSTRALIA. RP SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BOX 2072, BALBOA, PANAMA. RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 341 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(95)00016-X PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA TW857 UT WOS:A1996TW85700008 ER PT J AU WARD, DC AF WARD, DC TI THE BOOK OF AMERICAN DIARIES - FROM HEART AND MIND TO PEN AND PAPER - DAY-BY-DAY PERSONAL ACCOUNTS THROUGH THE CENTURIES - MILLER,RM, MILLER,LP SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review RP WARD, DC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL PORTRAIT GALLERY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD JAN-APR PY 1996 VL 120 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC History SC History GA UD050 UT WOS:A1996UD05000028 ER PT J AU Cote, R Heller, EJ Dalgarno, A AF Cote, R Heller, EJ Dalgarno, A TI Quantum suppression of cold atom collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STICKING PROBABILITY; HYDROGEN AB Very-low-energy collisions between two atoms are usually suppressed, in that the probability of close approach of the atoms becomes greatly reduced as the collision energy vanishes, even if the potential is completely attractive (with the exception of the Coulomb interaction). The suppression is a quantum effect, related to the Wigner threshold law. It is gauged by comparing the ratio of the probability of being inside the well to the probability of being outside for both the classical and quantum regimes. As the asymptotic kinetic energy vanishes, the approaching atoms reach a minimum distance of typically 20 or 30 a.u. Here we study attractive interaction potentials of the form -alpha/r(n), and give some numerical results for accurate X (1) Sigma(g)(+) and a (3) Sigma(u)(+) states of Li-2 and Na-2 molecules. We show that in some circumstances it is possible to use Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin theory in the suppression regime (where it fails) and to correct for its failure with a simple factor. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Cote, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.234 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TR750 UT WOS:A1996TR75000032 ER PT J AU Savin, DW Gardner, LD Reisenfeld, DB Young, AR Kohl, JL AF Savin, DW Gardner, LD Reisenfeld, DB Young, AR Kohl, JL TI Absolute measurement of dielectronic recombination for C3+ in a known external field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISTORTED-WAVE CALCULATIONS; STATIC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS; 2S-2P EXCITATION; IONS; IMPACT; C-3+; STRENGTH; B-2+ AB An absolute measurement of the rate coefficient for dielectronic recombination (DR) of C3+, via the 2s-2p core excitation, in an external electric field of 11.4+/-0.9(1 sigma) V cm(-1) is presented. An inclined-beam arrangement is used and the stabilizing photons at similar to 155 nm are detected in delayed coincidence with the recombined ions. The full width at half maximum of the electron energy spread in the ion rest frame is 1.74+/-0.22(1 sigma) eV. The measured DR rate, at a mean electron energy of 8.26+/-0.07(1 sigma) eV, is (2.76+/-0.75) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1). The uncertainty quoted for the DR rate is the total uncertainty, systematic and statistical, at the 1 sigma level. In comparing the present results to theory, a semiempirical formula is used to determine which recombined ion states are ionized by the 4.65 kV cm(-1) fields in the final-charge-state analyzer and not detected. For the present results, any DR of the incident electrons into n levels greater than 44 is assumed to be field ionized in the final-charge-state analyzer. A more precise treatment of field ionization, which includes the lifetime of the C2+ ions before they are ionized and the time evolution and rotation of the fields experienced by the recombined ions, is needed before a definitive comparison between experiment and theory can be made. Our DR measurement, within the limits of that approach, agrees reasonably well with an intermediate coupling calculation that uses an isolated resonance, single-configuration approximation, but does not agree with pure LS-coupling calculations. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610; NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.280 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TR750 UT WOS:A1996TR75000037 ER PT J AU You, L Lewenstein, M Glauber, RJ Cooper, J AF You, L Lewenstein, M Glauber, RJ Cooper, J TI Quantum field theory of atoms interacting with photons .3. Scattering of weak cw light from cold samples of bosonic atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; HYDROGEN; COLLAPSE; REVIVAL; MODEL; TRAP; GAS AB We study the coherent scattering of weak light from a system of cooled bosonic atoms in a trap. We derive and discuss in detail the scattering equation for such a process that describes multiple scatterings from different atoms. Our theory accounts for atom-atom interactions and determines the density profile of the atomic fields from the self-consistent Bogoliubov-Hartree method. We present two kinds of analytic solutions to the scattering equation using the on-shell approximation and the generalized diffraction theory. We discuss the validity of those approaches, and demonstrate that they both lead to similar results. Our studies indicate that the scattering cross sections exhibit non-lorentzian shapes with narrow features close to resonance. Coherent scattering occurs mainly in the forward direction, and the angular distribution is limited by the size of the atomic sample in the trap. We present results for various ranges of relevant parameters such as trap size, interaction strength, number of atoms, and temperature, etc. C1 POLISH AKAD NAUK,CTR FIZ TEORET,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,LYMAN LAB PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP You, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 67 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 329 EP 352 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.329 PG 24 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TR750 UT WOS:A1996TR75000043 ER PT J AU You, L Holland, M AF You, L Holland, M TI Ballistic expansion of trapped thermal atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We study the time evolution of the distribution function for an ensemble of classical particles in a harmonic trap when the oscillation frequencies are varied with time. We compare our results with the near circular density distributions observed for the thermal part of the expanded cloud in a recent experiment demonstrating the Bose-Einstein condensation of an alkali-metal vapor. The shape and extent of this noncondensed component characterize the temperature of the original cloud. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP You, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP R1 EP R4 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.R1 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TR750 UT WOS:A1996TR75000001 ER PT J AU Bertulani, CA Canto, LF Hussein, MS Piza, AFRD AF Bertulani, CA Canto, LF Hussein, MS Piza, AFRD TI Theory of multiphonon excitation in heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; STATES AB We study the effects of channel coupling in the excitation dynamics of giant resonances in relativistic heavy ions collisions. For this purpose, we use a semiclassical approximation to the coupled-channels problem and separate the Coulomb and the nuclear parts of the coupling into their main multipole components. In order to assess the importance of multistep processes, we neglect the resonance widths and solve the set of coupled equations exactly. Finite widths are then considered. In this case, we handle the coupling of the ground state with the dominant giant dipole resonance exactly and study the excitation of the remaining resonances within the coupled-channels Born approximation. A comparison with recent experimental data is made. C1 MIT,CTR THEORET PHYS,NUCL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS,BR-05389970 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP Bertulani, CA (reprint author), FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,INST FIS,CAIXA POSTAL 68528,BR-21945970 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RI Canto, Luiz /I-3733-2012 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 334 EP 346 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.334 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA TR761 UT WOS:A1996TR76100044 ER PT B AU Ho, LC AF Ho, LC BE Eracleous, M Koratkar, A Leitherer, C Ho, L TI Optical spectroscopy of LINERs and low-luminosity Seyfert nuclei SO PHYSICS OF LINERS IN VIEW OF RECENT OBSERVATIONS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Liners in View of Recent Observations CY SEP 06-08, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Space Telescope Sci Inst C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-23-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 103 BP 103 EP 131 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37C UT WOS:A1996BG37C00006 ER PT B AU Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM Herrnstein, JR Diamond, PJ Miyoshi, M Nakai, N Inoue, M AF Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM Herrnstein, JR Diamond, PJ Miyoshi, M Nakai, N Inoue, M BE Eracleous, M Koratkar, A Leitherer, C Ho, L TI Dynamical evidence for a supermassive black hole in NGC 4258 SO PHYSICS OF LINERS IN VIEW OF RECENT OBSERVATIONS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Liners in View of Recent Observations CY SEP 06-08, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Space Telescope Sci Inst C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-23-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 103 BP 140 EP 152 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37C UT WOS:A1996BG37C00008 ER PT B AU Herrnstein, JR Moran, JM Greenhill, LJ Diamond, PJ Miyoshi, M Nakai, N Inoue, M AF Herrnstein, JR Moran, JM Greenhill, LJ Diamond, PJ Miyoshi, M Nakai, N Inoue, M BE Eracleous, M Koratkar, A Leitherer, C Ho, L TI The warp in the sub-parsec molecular disk in NGC4258 SO PHYSICS OF LINERS IN VIEW OF RECENT OBSERVATIONS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Liners in View of Recent Observations CY SEP 06-08, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Space Telescope Sci Inst C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-23-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 103 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37C UT WOS:A1996BG37C00016 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Niu, Q Tang, C Halperin, BI Chakravarty, S AF Zhao, P Niu, Q Tang, C Halperin, BI Chakravarty, S TI Shechao Charles Feng - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. NEC RES INST,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Niu, Qian/G-9908-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 80 EP 80 DI 10.1063/1.2807480 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TQ126 UT WOS:A1996TQ12600019 ER PT J AU Drake, BG Muehe, MS Peresta, G GonzalezMeler, MA Matamala, R AF Drake, BG Muehe, MS Peresta, G GonzalezMeler, MA Matamala, R TI Acclimation of photosynthesis, respiration and ecosystem carbon flux of a wetland on Chesapeake Bay, Maryland to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International GCTE Workshop on Plant-Soil Carbon Below Ground: The Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide CY SEP 20-23, 1995 CL MANSFIELD COLL, UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP GCTE HO MANSFIELD COLL, UNIV OXFORD DE acclimation; ecosystem carbon balance; elevated CO2; global change; photosynthesis; respiration; soil carbon; soil organic matter ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; SCIRPUS-OLNEYI; ESTUARINE MARSH; GAS-EXCHANGE; FIELD; PLANT; PERSPECTIVE; ENRICHMENT; EXPOSURE; TUNDRA AB Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration in shoots and ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (C-a) was studied in a brackish wetland. Open top chambers were used to create test atmospheres of normal ambient and elevated C-a(=normal ambient+34 Pa CO2) over mono-specific stands of the C-3 sedge Scirpus olneyi, the dominant C-3 species in the wetland ecosystem, throughout each growing season since April of 1987. Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration were evaluated by measurements of gas exchange in excised shoots. The impact of elevated C-a on the accumulation of carbon in the ecosystem was determined by ecosystem gas exchange measurements made using the open top chamber as a cuvette. Elevated C-a increased carbohydrate and reduced Rubisco and soluble protein concentrations as well as photosynthetic capacity(A) and dark respiration (R-d; dry weight basis) in excised shoots and canopies (leaf area area basis) of Scirpus olneyi, Nevertheless, the rate of photosynthesis was stimulated 53% in shoots and 30% in canopies growing in elevated C-a compared to normal ambient concentration. Elevated C-a inhibited R-d measured in excised shoots (-19 to -40%) and in seasonally integrated ecosystem respiration (R-e; -36 to -57%). Growth of shoots in elevated C-a was stimulated 14-21%, but this effect was not statistically significant at peak standing biomass in midseason. Although the effect of elevated C-a on growth of shoots was relatively small, the combined effect of increased number of shoots and stimulation of photosynthesis produced a 30% stimulation in seasonally integrated gross primary production (GPP). The stimulation of photosynthesis and inhibition of respiration by elevated C-a increased net ecosystem production (NEP=GPP-R-e) 59% in 1993 and 50% in 1994. While this study consistently showed that elevated C-a produced a significant increase in NEP, we have not identified a correspondingly large pool of carbon below ground. RP Drake, BG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. OI Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel/0000-0001-5388-7969 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PY 1996 VL 187 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WZ007 UT WOS:A1996WZ00700002 ER PT J AU Smith, JF Burke, CC Wagner, WL AF Smith, JF Burke, CC Wagner, WL TI Interspecific hybridization in natural populations of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) on the Hawaiian Islands: Evidence from RAPD markers SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Gesneriaceae, Cyrtandra; interspecific hybridization, RAPD; flora of Hawaii ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MOLECULAR REEXAMINATION; INTERGENERIC HYBRID; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; ORIGIN; INTROGRESSION; EVOLUTION; SPECIATION; COMPOSITAE AB Interspecific hybridization among Hawaiian species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) was investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Thirty-three different primers were used to investigate interspecific hybridization for 17 different putative hybrids based on morphological intermediacy and sympatry with putative parental species. RAPD data provided evidence for the hybrid origin of all putative hybrid taxa examined in this analysis. However, the patterns in the hybrid taxa were not found to be completely additive of the patterns found in the parental-species. Markers missing in the hybrid taxa can be attributed to polymorphism in the populations of the parental species and the dominant nature of inheritance for RAPD markers. Unique markers found within hybrid taxa require further explanation but do not necessarily indicate that the taxa are not of hybrid origin. The implications suggest that these interspecific hybridization events had, and continue to have, an effect on the adaptive radiation and conservation biology of Cyrtandra. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,BOT DEPT NHB 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), BOISE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,1910 UNIV DR,BOISE,ID 83725, USA. NR 67 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 1996 VL 200 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 77 DI 10.1007/BF00984748 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA UK037 UT WOS:A1996UK03700005 ER PT J AU Roesel, CS Kress, WJ Bowditch, BM AF Roesel, CS Kress, WJ Bowditch, BM TI Low levels of genetic variation in Phenakospermum guyannense (Strelitziaceae), a widespread bat-pollinated Amazonian herb SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Strelitziaceae; Phenakospermum; Isozyme electrophoresis; RAPD; genetic variation; pollination ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RAPD MARKERS; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB Phenakosperum guyannense is a monotypic, arborescent, long-lived monocot that is widespread in Amazonian South America. This outcrossing species is pollinated primarily by phyllostomid bats. Given these life-history characteristics, P. guyannense is expected to exhibit high levels of genetic variation and gene flow. We used isozyme electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to characterize genetic variation in populations of P. guyannense from French Guiana. Both measures detected a surprisingly low level of genetic variation, with only five out of twenty (25%) allozyme loci polymorphic (P), 1.35 alleles per locus (A), and an expected heterozygosity (H-e) of 0.090 at the species level. Isozymic genetic variation was even lower within populations (P = 17.5, A = 1.24, H-e = 0.074), and was corroborated by a RAPD assay that used 26 arbitrary primers (P = 3.61, A = 1.04, H-e = 0.014). Although overall levels of variation were low, the detectable variation was distributed as would be expected for an outcrossing species with extensive gene flow (mean G(ST) = 0.230). We suspect that P. guyannense is depauperate in genetic variation because of a series of bottlenecks that affected the species over this portion of its range. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MOL SYST LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 1996 VL 199 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF00985914 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA TW046 UT WOS:A1996TW04600001 ER PT J AU Morton, ES AF Morton, ES TI Why songbirds learn songs: An arms race over ranging? SO POULTRY AND AVIAN BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID HUMMINGBIRD CALYPTE-ANNA; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; CAROLINA WREN; UNDEGRADED SONGS; PIED FLYCATCHER; SAYORNIS-PHOEBE; WILLOW WARBLER; EASTERN PHOEBE; BIRD SONG AB Learning songs, as practised by the oscine passerines (songbirds), has provided subject matter for neurophysiologists and molecular and field biologists. Here, I review attempts to explain the evolutionary origin of song learning so that why they learn songs can be integrated with, and made complementary to, advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of song learning at the neurophysiological level. Ranging theory, that posits a strong relation between song function and perception, demography and energetic constraints, provides the most inclusive answer Ranging, where a listener compares an incoming song to those in its memory, thereby assessing the degree of sound degradation it contains, provides the source of selection to favor learning songs only when a strong and persistent singer/listener dichotomy in selfish interests exists. When this dichotomy circumvents the normal dominance accruing to individuals with prior residency, an evolutionary arms race between singers and listeners produces the selection necessary for song learning to evolve. RP Morton, ES (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81, NORTHWOOD, MIDDX, ENGLAND HA6 3DN SN 1357-048X J9 POULT AVIAN BIOL REV JI Poult. Avian Biol. Rev. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA VV648 UT WOS:A1996VV64800003 ER PT J AU Balm, SP AF Balm, SP TI The Antarctic submillimeter telescope and remote observatory (AST/RO) SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE instrumentation, detectors; radio lines, ISM; ISM, atoms; ISM, molecules; stars, formation AB The Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) is a highly automated 1.7 m diameter telescope aimed at exploiting the superb submillimetre skies of the Antarctic Plateau for astronomy and aeronomy studies. It was recently installed at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station during the 1994/95 Austral season and is currently undergoing its first winter-over of operation. In this paper we briefly outline the capabilities of the instrument and describe some recent achievements culminating in the telescope's first observations of the South Polar submillimetre sky. RP Balm, SP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TT191 UT WOS:A1996TT19100005 ER PT B AU Jayawardhana, R Grindley, JE AF Jayawardhana, R Grindley, JE BE Johnston, S Walker, MA Bailes, M TI Pulse profiles of millisecond pulsars SO PULSARS: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 160 on Pulsars - Problems and Progress CY JAN 08-12, 1996 CL UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union, Austr Telescope Natl Fac, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Sliding Springs Observ, Anglo Austr Observ, Int Union Radio Sci, Donovan Trust HO UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS RP Jayawardhana, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST MS-10,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-25-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 105 BP 231 EP 232 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18U UT WOS:A1996BH18U00073 ER PT J AU Mead, JI Grady, F AF Mead, JI Grady, F TI Ochotana (Lagomorpha) from late quaternary cave deposits in eastern North America SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OCHOTONA; PIKA AB Pikas (Ochtona)-small gnawing mammals, related to rabbits-range today throughout parts of the Northern Hemisphere, but had a wider distribution during the Pleistocene, Nine caves from northeastern North America (a region not occupied by pikas today) have Pleistocene deposits containing remains of Ochotona. We examine 526 fossil specimens (ranging in age from approximately 850,000 to 8670 yr B,P.) from five of these caves, Two morphological forms of Ochotona lived in northeastern North America during the late Pleistocene-a large species (probably O. whartoni) and a small species (probably O, princeps), Ochotona of glacial age are not necessarily indicative of talus slopes and mesic communities, O, princeps-like of the Irvingtonian of West Virginia were living with an amphibian-reptilian assemblage found in the area today, implying winters not much, if at all, colder than at present. Late glacial and postglacial change in climate south of the ice sheets in effect would have isolated Ochotona in eastern North America, where they were unable to retreat to the west or north, Whereas western pika had the option of moving up in elevation, into boreal islands, eastern forms became restricted to ever-diminishing habitats, culminating in extinction and extirpation, Radiocarbon ages imply that Ochotona lived in eastern North America during the late Pleistocene (late Rancholabrean) and into the earliest Holocene. We describe the youngest remains of Ochotona in eastern North America and the youngest for the extinct large form, O, whartoni. (C) 1996 University of Washington. C1 NO ARIZONA UNIV,QUATERNARY STUDIES PROGRAM,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Mead, JI (reprint author), NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT GEOL,POB 4099,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011, USA. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1006/qres.1996.0009 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA UF728 UT WOS:A1996UF72800009 ER PT B AU Girart, JM Curiel, S Raymond, J Rodriguez, LF Canto, J AF Girart, JM Curiel, S Raymond, J Rodriguez, LF Canto, J BE Taylor, AR Paredes, JM TI Matching-beam 2 and 6 cm radio continuum observations in molecular and optical outflows SO RADIO EMISSION FROM THE STARS AND THE SUN SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radio Emission from the Stars and the Sun CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Astron Soc Pacific, Brit Council, Inst Britanic, Comissionat Univ Recerca, CIRIT, Community European Solar Radio Astronomers, Direccion Gen Investigac Cientifica & Tecnica, Embajada Austr Espana, Fundacio Catalana Recerca, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Radio Sci, Mazel Ingenieros S A, Oce Espana S A, Sociedad Espanola Astron, Univ Barcelona C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014 OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-14-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 93 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF32C UT WOS:A1996BF32C00007 ER PT B AU Girart, JM Curiel, S Raymond, J Rodriguez, LF Canto, J AF Girart, JM Curiel, S Raymond, J Rodriguez, LF Canto, J BE Taylor, AR Paredes, JM TI High angular resolution radio continuum observations in molecular and optical outflows SO RADIO EMISSION FROM THE STARS AND THE SUN SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radio Emission from the Stars and the Sun CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Astron Soc Pacific, Brit Council, Inst Britanic, Comissionat Univ Recerca, CIRIT, Community European Solar Radio Astronomers, Direccion Gen Investigac Cientifica & Tecnica, Embajada Austr Espana, Fundacio Catalana Recerca, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Radio Sci, Mazel Ingenieros S A, Oce Espana S A, Sociedad Espanola Astron, Univ Barcelona C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014 OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-14-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 93 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF32C UT WOS:A1996BF32C00008 ER PT B AU Menten, KM AF Menten, KM BE Taylor, AR Paredes, JM TI Circumstellar masers at radio and (sub)millimeter wavelengths SO RADIO EMISSION FROM THE STARS AND THE SUN SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radio Emission from the Stars and the Sun CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Astron Soc Pacific, Brit Council, Inst Britanic, Comissionat Univ Recerca, CIRIT, Community European Solar Radio Astronomers, Direccion Gen Investigac Cientifica & Tecnica, Embajada Austr Espana, Fundacio Catalana Recerca, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Radio Sci, Mazel Ingenieros S A, Oce Espana S A, Sociedad Espanola Astron, Univ Barcelona C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-14-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 93 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF32C UT WOS:A1996BF32C00018 ER PT B AU Reid, MJ Menten, KM AF Reid, MJ Menten, KM BE Taylor, AR Paredes, JM TI Radio photospheres of red giant stars SO RADIO EMISSION FROM THE STARS AND THE SUN SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radio Emission from the Stars and the Sun CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Astron Soc Pacific, Brit Council, Inst Britanic, Comissionat Univ Recerca, CIRIT, Community European Solar Radio Astronomers, Direccion Gen Investigac Cientifica & Tecnica, Embajada Austr Espana, Fundacio Catalana Recerca, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Radio Sci, Mazel Ingenieros S A, Oce Espana S A, Sociedad Espanola Astron, Univ Barcelona C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-14-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 93 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF32C UT WOS:A1996BF32C00019 ER PT B AU Crosas, M Menten, KM AF Crosas, M Menten, KM BE Taylor, AR Paredes, JM TI Physical parameters of the IRC+10216 circumstellar envelope SO RADIO EMISSION FROM THE STARS AND THE SUN SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radio Emission from the Stars and the Sun CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Astron Soc Pacific, Brit Council, Inst Britanic, Comissionat Univ Recerca, CIRIT, Community European Solar Radio Astronomers, Direccion Gen Investigac Cientifica & Tecnica, Embajada Austr Espana, Fundacio Catalana Recerca, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Radio Sci, Mazel Ingenieros S A, Oce Espana S A, Sociedad Espanola Astron, Univ Barcelona C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-14-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 93 BP 98 EP 100 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF32C UT WOS:A1996BF32C00021 ER PT J AU vanderReyden, D Tennison, H Tsai, FW AF vanderReyden, D Tennison, H Tsai, FW TI Publish, then perish: The reclamation of a collection of scientific illustrations SO RESTAURATOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVAL MATERIAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICOM Committee-for-Conservation Meeting CY SEP 01-06, 1996 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP ICOM Comm Conservat AB The need to cope with enormous amounts of material has occasionally resulted in the sacrifice of original materials that have been published, based on the ''rule of thumb'' that once published, these materials are of less value to a, repository than those materials that are not published. One of the most famous collections of drawings produced in the late 1800s. the dinosaur type specimen illustrations of rile O. C. Marsh Collection, almost fell victim to this practice. This paper chronicles the collaborative efforts taken to preserve this historic collection; outlines the integrated approach to preservation that was used (including a discussion of the various types of surveys, folder lists, prototypical housing materials and storage, and duplication procedures); and discusses how the seemingly contradictory needs of access and preservation may be resolved through interdisciplinary dialogue. RP vanderReyden, D (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0034-5806 J9 RESTAURATOR JI Restaur.-Int. J. Preserv. Libr. Arch. Mater. PY 1996 VL 17 IS 2 BP 104 EP 116 DI 10.1515/rest.1996.17.2.104 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA VE422 UT WOS:A1996VE42200006 ER PT S AU Dupree, AK AF Dupree, AK BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Winds from cool stars SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Spectral observations of cool stars enable the study of the presence and character of winds and the mass loss process in objects with effective temperatures, gravities, and atmospheric compositions which differ from that of the Sun. A wealth of recent spectroscopic measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope, and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite complement high resolution ground-based spectra in the optical and infrared spectral regions. Such observations when combined with realistic semi-empirical atmospheric modeling allow us to estimate the physical conditions in the atmospheres and winds of many classes of cool stars. In low gravity stars, evidence is found for relatively fast (approximate to 200 km s(-1)), warm winds with rapid acceleration occurring in the chromosphere. In some cases, outflows commensurate with stellar escape velocities are present. RP Dupree, AK (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS-15,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00014 ER PT S AU Habbal, SR Esser, R Guhathakurta, M Fisher, R AF Habbal, SR Esser, R Guhathakurta, M Fisher, R BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Flow properties of the salar wind obtained from white light data, Ulysses observations and a two-fluid model SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB We derive the flow properties of the solar wind using a two-fluid model constrained by the density gradients inferred from white light observations of a south polar coronal hole on 11 April 1993 during the SPARTAN 201-1 flight, and interplanetary observations, e.g. from Ulysses' south polar passage. We present the results of model computations for which we get the best fit to these data. One of the main results of this study is that, for the same energy input to electrons and protons, the proton temperature can be significantly higher than the electron temperature in the inner corona. In addition, we show that different functional forms of the energy addition with the same total energy input can yield different solar wind parameters at IAU. RP Habbal, SR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS-15,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00030 ER PT S AU Esser, R Habbal, SR AF Esser, R Habbal, SR BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Modeling high flow speeds in the inner corona SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Following recent observations which indicate the possibility of extremely high flow speeds in the inner corona, 700 - 800 km s(-1) below 10 R(S), and the possibility of very high proton temperatures, T-p less than or equal to 8.5 x 10(6) K, we present a new approach to solar wind modeling. In this approach we show that if the high proton temperatures in the inner corona are genuine, then flow speeds of 700 to 800 km s(-1) can readily be achieved at 10 Rs or even closer to the coronal base. RP Esser, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS-15,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00031 ER PT S AU Esser, R Brickhouse, NS Habbal, SR Mossman, A AF Esser, R Brickhouse, NS Habbal, SR Mossman, A BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Demonstrating the limitations of line ratio temperature diagnostic using Fe X and Fe XIV spectral line intensity observations SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB The electron temperature in the inner corona can be derived from spectral line intensity measurements by comparing the ratio of the measured intensities of two spectral lines to the ratio calculated from theoretical models. In a homogeneous plasma the line ratio technique can be used for any two lines if the ratio of the intensities is independent of the density. The corona, however, is far from homogeneous and usually several distinct structures are present along the line-of-sight. For example, even the large polar coronal holes at solar minimum can be partly or completely obscured by emission from hotter and denser surrounding regions. In this case the structures that contribute to the line intensity do not occupy the same volume if the peak temperature of the spectral lines are too widely separated. We demonstrate this effect for the southern polar coronal hole, using daily intensity measurements of the Fe XIV 5303 Angstrom and Fe X 6314 Angstrom spectral lines from the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak (NSO/SP), X-ray emission from daily YOHKOH observations, and polarization brightness measurements from the HAO white light coronagraph at Mauna Loa Solar Observatory. We then show that the temperature in the southern coronal hole derived from the ratio of the two Fe spectral lines, varies by more than 0.8 x 10(6) K due to the changing contribution from surrounding regions. RP Esser, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 173 EP 176 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00041 ER PT S AU Habbal, SR Brickhouse, NS Esser, R AF Habbal, SR Brickhouse, NS Esser, R BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Exploring the temperature structure of coronal holes with a novel combination of visible Fe lines SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Establishing the temperature structure and temperature gradient in the source region of the solar wind, from limb observations, is often exacerbated by the interception dong the line of sight of hotter and denser material originating from the boundaries of coronal holes. Probing coronal holes, however, can be optimized with a judicious choice of spectral lines, such as the visible forbidden iron lines of Fe IX 3801, Fe X 6314 and Fe XI 7892 Angstrom, which are sensitive to electron temperatures around 10(6) K. In addition observations made with the Fe XIV 5303 Angstrom line should yield information about any hot material intercepting the line of sight. The combination of these Fe lines offers a very powerful diagnostic tool for the electron temperature within coronal holes and the structures embedded within them. RP Habbal, SR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 177 EP 179 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00042 ER PT B AU McLeod, B Fabricant, D Geary, J Szentgyorgyi, A AF McLeod, B Fabricant, D Geary, J Szentgyorgyi, A BE Anagnostopoulos, CN Blouke, MM Lesser, MP TI Wide-field CCD imager for the 6.5m MMT telescope SO SOLID STATE SENSOR ARRAYS AND CCD CAMERAS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Sensor Arrays and CCD Cameras CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CCDs; imaging; astronomy; telescopes; cameras C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2028-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2654 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1117/12.236104 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF35C UT WOS:A1996BF35C00027 ER PT J AU Weekes, TC AF Weekes, TC TI The atmospheric Cherenkov technique in very high energy gamma-ray astronomy SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CRAB-NEBULA; TEV ENERGIES AB The role of the atmospheric Cherenkov technique in the development of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy is described; it is shown that the Crab Nebula has played a critical role in this development. The ability of a TeV telescope to see a 5 sigma signal from a source in an hour of observation is now a reality. Sources as weak as 1/20th the strength of the Crab are detectable in principle now at TeV energies. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, WHIPPLE OBSERV, POB 97, AMADO, AZ 85645 USA. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UB063 UT WOS:A1996UB06300002 ER PT B AU Reasenberg, RD Babcock, RW Murison, MA Noecker, MC Phillips, JD Schumaker, BL Ulvestad, JS McKinley, W Zielinski, RJ Lillie, CF AF Reasenberg, RD Babcock, RW Murison, MA Noecker, MC Phillips, JD Schumaker, BL Ulvestad, JS McKinley, W Zielinski, RJ Lillie, CF BE Bely, PY Breckinridge, JB TI POINTS: High astrometric capacity at modest cost via focused design SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instruments IV CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS DE astrometry; interferometry; metrology; spacecraft C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2195-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2807 BP 32 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.255117 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG61H UT WOS:A1996BG61H00004 ER PT B AU Bookbinder, J Tananbaum, H VanSpeybroeck, L White, N Kahn, S Guffin, T AF Bookbinder, J Tananbaum, H VanSpeybroeck, L White, N Kahn, S Guffin, T BE Bely, PY Breckinridge, JB TI The High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instruments IV CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS DE space missions; X-ray astronomy; X-ray spectroscopy; X-ray telescopes C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2195-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2807 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.255093 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG61H UT WOS:A1996BG61H00010 ER PT S AU Gilliland, RL Dupree, AK AF Gilliland, RL Dupree, AK BE Strassmeier, KG Linsky, JL TI HST imaging of Betelgeuse SO STELLAR SURFACE STRUCTURE SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 176th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union - Stellar Surface Structure CY OCT 09-13, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Gilliland, RL (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,3700 SAN MARTIN DR,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4026-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 176 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF97X UT WOS:A1996BF97X00015 ER PT S AU Saar, SH AF Saar, SH BE Strassmeier, KG Linsky, JL TI Recent measurements of stellar magnetic fields SO STELLAR SURFACE STRUCTURE SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 176th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union - Stellar Surface Structure CY OCT 09-13, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union ID K-DWARFS; STARS; LINES RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, MS 58, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4026-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 176 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF97X UT WOS:A1996BF97X00022 ER PT S AU Donahue, RA AF Donahue, RA BE Strassmeier, KG Linsky, JL TI Long-term stellar activity: Three decades of observations SO STELLAR SURFACE STRUCTURE SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 176th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union - Stellar Surface Structure CY OCT 09-13, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; EMISSION-LINE FLUXES; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; K-EMISSION; BRIGHTNESS CHANGES; TIME VARIATIONS; ROTATION; CLIMATE; SUN RP Donahue, RA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4026-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 176 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF97X UT WOS:A1996BF97X00024 ER PT S AU Avrett, EH AF Avrett, EH BE Strassmeier, KG Linsky, JL TI Next generation model atmospheres SO STELLAR SURFACE STRUCTURE SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Review CT 176th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union - Stellar Surface Structure CY OCT 09-13, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union ID PARTIAL FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION; SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; MULTIDIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ACOUSTIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; OPERATOR SPLITTING METHOD; LAMBDA-ITERATION METHOD; NON-LTE; EMISSION-LINES; ENERGY-BALANCE; STELLAR GRANULATION AB Continued progress in the physical interpretation of solar and stellar observations, the increased speed of computing now available, and new highly efficient numerical procedures have all led to significant advances in stellar atmospheric modeling. This review attempts to summarize recent progress in the field and to describe the many interrelated physical processes that should be taken into account in next-generation modeling programs. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 108 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4026-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 176 BP 503 EP 518 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF97X UT WOS:A1996BF97X00048 ER PT S AU Kurucz, RL AF Kurucz, RL BE Strassmeier, KG Linsky, JL TI A new opacity-sampling model atmosphere program for arbitrary abundances SO STELLAR SURFACE STRUCTURE SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 176th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union - Stellar Surface Structure CY OCT 09-13, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union AB I have developed a new opacity-sampling version of my model atmosphere program called ATLAS12. It recognizes more than 1000 atomic and molecular species, each in up to 10 isotopic forms. It can treat all ions of the elements up through Zn and the first 5 ions of heavier elements up through Es. The elemental and isotopic abundances are treated as variables with depth. At present ATLAS12 reads atomic line data from Kurucz CD-ROM 1 and diatomic molecular data from Kurucz CD-ROM 15. For each line the wavelength, identification, lower energy level, gf, radiative, Stark, and van der Waals damping constants are packed into 16 bytes. At each wavelength point in a frequency integration the Voigt profiles of all the significant nearby lines are computed and summed. The H, He, and autoionizing lines are treated with the appropriate profile functions. The fluxes predicted by ATLAS12 are not accurate in intermediate or narrow bandpass intervals because the sample size is too small. A special stripped version of the spectrum synthesis program SYNTHE is used to generate the surface flux for the converged model using the line data on CD-ROMs 1 and 15. That high resolution spectrum can be used directly or can be instrumentally broadened to compare to low resolution observations. ATLAS12 can be used to produce improved models for Am and Ap stars. It should be very useful for investigating diffusion effects in atmospheres. It can be used to model exciting stars for H II regions with abundances consistent with those of the H II region. These programs and line files will be distributed on CD-ROMs. RP Kurucz, RL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4026-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 176 BP 523 EP 526 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF97X UT WOS:A1996BF97X00050 ER PT B AU Kirshner, RP AF Kirshner, RP BE McCray, R Wang, Z TI Supernovae and the cosmic distance scale SO SUPERNOVAE AND SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE IAU COLLOQUIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Astronomical-Union Colloquium 145 on Supernovae and Supernova Remnants CY MAY 24-29, 1993 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union, State Sci & Technol Commiss China, Basic Res Div, Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Math & Phys, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, State Educ Commiss China, Chinese Astron Soc, Nanjing Univ, European So Observatory, Max Planck Fdn Germany, US NASA, Amer Astron Soc, US Natl Sci Fdn, Int Sci Fdn C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB2 1RP BN 0-521-46080-8 J9 IAU COLLOQ PY 1996 VL 145 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF21C UT WOS:A1996BF21C00003 ER PT B AU Hoflich, P Muller, E Khoklov, A AF Hoflich, P Muller, E Khoklov, A BE McCray, R Wang, Z TI Individual light curve fits of SNIa and H-0 SO SUPERNOVAE AND SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE IAU COLLOQUIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Astronomical-Union Colloquium 145 on Supernovae and Supernova Remnants CY MAY 24-29, 1993 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union, State Sci & Technol Commiss China, Basic Res Div, Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Math & Phys, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, State Educ Commiss China, Chinese Astron Soc, Nanjing Univ, European So Observatory, Max Planck Fdn Germany, US NASA, Amer Astron Soc, US Natl Sci Fdn, Int Sci Fdn C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB2 1RP BN 0-521-46080-8 J9 IAU COLLOQ PY 1996 VL 145 BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF21C UT WOS:A1996BF21C00004 ER PT B AU RuizLapuente, P Filippenko, AV AF RuizLapuente, P Filippenko, AV BE McCray, R Wang, Z TI Towards the cosmic distance scale through nebular SNe Ia SO SUPERNOVAE AND SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE IAU COLLOQUIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Astronomical-Union Colloquium 145 on Supernovae and Supernova Remnants CY MAY 24-29, 1993 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union, State Sci & Technol Commiss China, Basic Res Div, Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Math & Phys, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, State Educ Commiss China, Chinese Astron Soc, Nanjing Univ, European So Observatory, Max Planck Fdn Germany, US NASA, Amer Astron Soc, US Natl Sci Fdn, Int Sci Fdn C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB2 1RP BN 0-521-46080-8 J9 IAU COLLOQ PY 1996 VL 145 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF21C UT WOS:A1996BF21C00005 ER PT J AU Pruski, JF AF Pruski, JF TI Pseudogynoxys lobata (Compositae: Senecioneae), a new species from Bolivia and Brazil SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article AB Pseudogynoxys lobata is described as new from material collected in Santa Cruz, Bolivia and Rondonia, Brazil. A key to the 14 species of Pseudogynoxs is provided. Some material of Pseudogynoxys in cultivation in the United States under the name P. chenopodioides has pinnately veined, abaxially pubescent leaves, and is determined here as P. cummingii, which is newly reported to cultivation and to the United States. RP Pruski, JF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,US NATL HERBARIUM,MRC-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 21 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.2307/2419566 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA VA470 UT WOS:A1996VA47000009 ER PT J AU Pisano, DA AF Pisano, DA TI A passion for wings: Aviation and the western imagination, 1908-1918 - Wohl,R SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP Pisano, DA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,DEPT AERONAUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.2307/3107223 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA UX906 UT WOS:A1996UX90600025 ER PT J AU Neufeld, MJ AF Neufeld, MJ TI V-missiles of the Third Reich: The V-1 and V-2 - Holsken,D SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP Neufeld, MJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.2307/3107226 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA UX906 UT WOS:A1996UX90600028 ER PT B AU Blundell, R Kawamura, JH Tong, CE Papa, DC Hunter, TR Gol'tsman, GN Cherednichenko, SI Voronov, BM Gershenzon, EM AF Blundell, R Kawamura, JH Tong, CE Papa, DC Hunter, TR Gol'tsman, GN Cherednichenko, SI Voronov, BM Gershenzon, EM BE Harrison, P TI A hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver for the 680-830 GHz frequency range SO THE NINETY EIGHT - 1998 IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-04, 1998 CL UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Univ Leeds HO UNIV LEEDS AB We describe a heterodyne receiver designed to operate in the partially transparent atmospheric windows centered on 680 and 830 GHz The receiver incorporates a niobium nitride thin film, cooled to 4.2K, Its the phonon-cooled hot-electron miser element. The double sideband receiver noise, measured over the frequency range 680 - 830 GHz, is typically 700 - 1300 K. The instantaneous output bandwidth of the receiver is 600 MHz. This receiver has recently been used at the SubMillimeter Telescope, jointly operated by the Steward ard observatory and the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy, for observations of the neutral carbon and CO spectral lines at 810 GHz and at 806 and 691 GHz respectively. Laboratory measurements on a second mixer in the same test receiver have yielded extended high frequency performance to 1 THz. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blundell, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Cherednichenko, Sergey/E-9889-2011 OI Cherednichenko, Sergey/0000-0002-5397-8024 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4903-2 PY 1996 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM17R UT WOS:000077911300005 ER PT B AU Blundell, R Tong, CYE Paine, S Papa, C Barrett, JW Leombruno, RLL Kimberk, R Wilson, RW Hunter, TR AF Blundell, R Tong, CYE Paine, S Papa, C Barrett, JW Leombruno, RLL Kimberk, R Wilson, RW Hunter, TR BE Harrison, P TI Receivers for the sub-millimeter array SO THE NINETY EIGHT - 1998 IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-04, 1998 CL UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Univ Leeds HO UNIV LEEDS AB We report here on a 176 - 256 GHz low-noise receiver system recently installed in the first of our Sub-Millimeter Array antennas. The receiver is housed in a cryostat cooled by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator and has a double-side-band receiver noise temperature of about 60 Ii across the entire input frequency range and an instantaneous bandwidth of 2.5 GHz. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blundell, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4903-2 PY 1996 BP 246 EP 248 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM17R UT WOS:000077911300068 ER PT S AU Rappole, JH DeGraaf, RM AF Rappole, JH DeGraaf, RM BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Research and effective management of neotropical migrant birds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Facing Realities in Resource Management CY MAR 22-27, 1996 CL TULSA, OK RP Rappole, JH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1996 BP 450 EP 462 PG 13 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology GA BG62W UT WOS:A1996BG62W00054 ER PT J AU Davies, REG AF Davies, REG TI The seven ages of air transport SO TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB The history of air transportation can be divided into seven ages, each describing a different period of technological innovation. This article describes the evolution of air transportation from pre-World War I transport aircrafts to the current wide-bodied airliners and the impacts these technologies had on the direction of the aviation industry. These developments affected market size and economies of scale, inventory holdings, methods of distribution and technological innovation. Yet the future of the airline industry will be limited by technology, economics, and operational feasibility. All logic, not to mention simple arithmetic, points to the development of the Very Large Airliner as the predominant passenger aircraft of the future. RP Davies, REG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENO FOUNDATION TRANSPORT INC PI LANSDOWNE PA 44211 SLATE STONE CT, LANSDOWNE, VA 22075 SN 0278-9434 J9 TRANSPORT Q JI Transp. Q. PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 29 EP 48 PG 20 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA WE722 UT WOS:A1996WE72200007 ER PT J AU Withuhn, WL AF Withuhn, WL TI The historical challenge: Transportation history and the public SO TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article RP Withuhn, WL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENO FOUNDATION TRANSPORT INC PI LANSDOWNE PA 44211 SLATE STONE CT, LANSDOWNE, VA 22075 SN 0278-9434 J9 TRANSPORT Q JI Transp. Q. PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 148 EP 150 PG 3 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA WE722 UT WOS:A1996WE72200019 ER PT J AU Condit, R AF Condit, R TI Defining and mapping vegetation types in mega-diverse tropical forests SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Condit, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)81054-8 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TP274 UT WOS:A1996TP27400003 PM 21237740 ER PT S AU Roubik, DW AF Roubik, DW BE Edwards, DS Booth, WE Choy, SC TI Wild bees of Brunei Darussalam SO TROPICAL RAINFOREST RESEARCH - CURRENT ISSUES SE MONOGRAPHIAE BIOLOGICAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Tropical Rainforest Research - Current Issues CY APR 09, 1993 CL BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, BRUNEI SP Univ Brunei Darussalam, Royal Geog Soc, London DE bee biodiversity; Trigona; Pariotrigona; Apis; feeding behaviour; sugar-salt baiting; Borneo AB The wild bee fauna of Borneo and Brunei is singularly depauperate compared with other tropical areas but very rich in the hire bee groups at the zenith of social insects. In the forests of Belalong I found 4 Apis and 22 stingless bee species; the latter, mostly Trigona, included 76% of all stingless bee species known from Borneo, and all three endemics. Other bee species probably number about 80 if the proportions of the highly social bees found in Indonesia apply to Belalong. A 'rapid assessment' of the highly social bee fauna was possible in Brunei, even during rainy weather in November, by spraying sugar and salt baits on vegetation. Virtually every species of Trigona, Apis and Pariotrigona came to these baits during a few days. Assays of various salt solutions revealed the following preferences by the stingless bees (predominantly Trigona melina) and honey bees (predominantly Apis koschevnikovi and A. dorsata) : Na > Mg > K > NH4 > PO4. Preference for sodium, magnesium, and potassium is possibly linked to neural transmission requirements, osmotic water balance and low levels of these elements in soil, expressed directly in the nectar and pollen that bees consume. Apis koschevnikovi was found to be similar to African and other tropical cavity-nesting Apis in showing the highest profitability (measured as energy harvest rate of sucrose solutions) at 45% sugar solutions, compared with solutions as low as 15% and as high as 65% sugar. Ground-level surveys of bee nests located 33 colonies of stingless bees along 12 km of trails. I calculate the density of stingless bee colonies to be approximately 3 per hectare - lower than the 4 to 6 colonies in each hectare found in some Neotropical forests. The sugar-salt baiting technique also revealed the first known association between an orchid and the genus Apis. Apis koschevnikovi was found with a small orchid pollinarium attached to its scutellum, thus it may have a pollinator role often played by Trigona in the neotropics for a few orchid genera. Other noteworthly bees were the large, nocturnal Xylocopa myops, megachilids and long-tongued Amegilla, all likely principal pollinators of obligately outcrossing tree species. RP Roubik, DW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0077-0639 BN 0-7923-4038-8 J9 MONOG BIOL PY 1996 VL 74 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BH23U UT WOS:A1996BH23U00005 ER PT B AU Gardner, LD Kohl, JL Daigneau, PS Dennis, EF Fineschi, S Michels, J Nystrom, GU Panasyuk, A Raymond, JC Reisenfeld, DJ Smith, PL Strachan, L Suleiman, R Noci, G Romoli, M Ciaravella, A Modigliani, A Huber, MCE Antonucci, E Benna, C Giordano, S Tondello, G Nicolosi, P Naletto, G Pernechele, C Spadaro, D Siegmund, OHW Allegra, A Carosso, P Jhabvala, M AF Gardner, LD Kohl, JL Daigneau, PS Dennis, EF Fineschi, S Michels, J Nystrom, GU Panasyuk, A Raymond, JC Reisenfeld, DJ Smith, PL Strachan, L Suleiman, R Noci, G Romoli, M Ciaravella, A Modigliani, A Huber, MCE Antonucci, E Benna, C Giordano, S Tondello, G Nicolosi, P Naletto, G Pernechele, C Spadaro, D Siegmund, OHW Allegra, A Carosso, P Jhabvala, M BE Huffman, RE Stergis, CG TI Stray light, radiometric, and spectral characterization of UVCS/SOHO: Laboratory calibration and flight performance SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation CY AUG 07-08, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE solar physics; spectroscopy; ultraviolet; radiometry AB The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) is one of the instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, which was launched in December, 1995. The instrument is designed to make ultraviolet spectrometric measurements and visible polarimetric measurements of the extended solar corona. Prior to launch laboratory measurements were carried out to determine system level values for many of the key performance parameters. Further measurements on instrument performance have been carried out since launch. Presented are descriptions of measurement techniques and representative results. RP Gardner, LD (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012; Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; OI Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Giordano, Silvio/0000-0002-3468-8566; pernechele, claudio/0000-0002-7752-6268 NR 0 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2219-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2831 BP 2 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.257187 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73K UT WOS:A1996BG73K00001 ER PT S AU Kuijken, K Balcells, M Weinberg, M AF Kuijken, K Balcells, M Weinberg, M BE Blitz, L Teuben, P TI Is there a bulge distinct from the bar? SO UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF THE MILKY WAY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 169th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Unsolved Problems of the Milky Way CY AUG 23-29, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union ID GALACTIC-CENTER; DISK GALAXIES; STELLAR BARS; INSTABILITY; ROTATION C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Kuijken, K (reprint author), KAPTEYN ASTRON INST,POB 800,NL-9700 AV GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4039-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 169 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG01P UT WOS:A1996BG01P00010 ER PT S AU Zhang, XL AF Zhang, XL BE Blitz, L Teuben, P TI On the spiral-induced nonlinear dissipative process to the evolution of the galactic disk SO UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF THE MILKY WAY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 169th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Unsolved Problems of the Milky Way CY AUG 23-29, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4039-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 169 BP 517 EP 518 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG01P UT WOS:A1996BG01P00079 ER PT S AU Lada, CJ AF Lada, CJ BE Blitz, L Teuben, P TI The unsolved problem of stellar origins SO UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF THE MILKY WAY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 169th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Unsolved Problems of the Milky Way CY AUG 23-29, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; FORBIDDEN-LINE; MAIN-SEQUENCE; OBJECTS; MULTIPLICITY; CONTRACTION RP Lada, CJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4039-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 169 BP 533 EP 549 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG01P UT WOS:A1996BG01P00087 ER PT B AU Mandel, E AF Mandel, E BE Grinstein, GG Erbacher, RF TI Applying public access programming techniques to astronomical image display SO VISUAL DATA EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Data Exploration and Analysis III CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2030-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2656 BP 214 EP 225 DI 10.1117/12.234670 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF18V UT WOS:A1996BF18V00020 ER PT J AU Craggs, RJ Adey, WH Jenson, KR StJohn, MS Green, FB Oswald, WJ AF Craggs, RJ Adey, WH Jenson, KR StJohn, MS Green, FB Oswald, WJ TI Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an algal turf scrubber SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IAWQ International Specialist Conference on Waste Stabilization Ponds - Technology and Applications CY MAR 27-31, 1995 CL JOAO PESSOA, BRAZIL SP IAWQ, Fed Univ Paraiba DE algal turf scrubber; periphyton; pH; phosphorus; precipitation; secondary sewage effluent ID WATER AB Algal turf scrubbing is a novel technology for the treatment of agricultural runoff and eutrophic lake water and may have application for wastewater treatment, The algal turf scrubber (ATS)TM consists of a natural, mixed assemblage of attached periphyton, microalgae and bacteria which colonise an inclined floway over which wastewater flows in a series of pulses, A large-scale ATS (152.4 m long 6.5 m wide) was constructed in Patterson, California and tested in conjunction with UV disinfection over one year for its ability to treat secondary effluent from an evaporation pond. The hydraulic loading rate of the wastewater was varied between 436 and 1226 m(3) per day and various operational parameters were tested, The biomass was mechanically harvested from the noway at one or two week intervals depending upon the season, This paper will present the results for phosphorus removal and productivity of the algal turf. Phosphorus removal from the secondary wastewater was measured twice a week during four, 8 week quarters corresponding to the solar seasons. The phosphorus content of the harvested solids was also measured during these periods, Based on the mean percentage of P (2.1%) in the harvested solids and the mean productivity (35 g m(-2)d(-1)), th, yearly mean removal of phosphorus was 0.73 +/- 0.2 g m(-2)d(-1). An inverse relationship was found between reduction in hydraulic loading rate and increase in pH, phosphorus removal and hardness reduction by the ATS. This indicated that pH mediated precipitation probably accounts for much of the phosphorus removal by the ATS and for the high mean phosphorus content of the harvested solids, Measurement of nutrient concentrations in influent and effluent of the ATS over 24 hours showed that at night phosphorus removal declined, These results indicate the potential of the ATS for phosphorus removal from wastewaters and suggest that removal may be easily controlled by altering the hydraulic loading rate. Copyright (C) 1996 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NHB,MARINE SYST LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. BIO ENVIRONM INC,ALTAMONTE SPRINGS,FL 32714. RP Craggs, RJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,EEHSL,1301 S 46TH ST,RICHMOND,CA 94804, USA. NR 14 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 7 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(96)00354-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA UW051 UT WOS:A1996UW05100024 ER PT J AU Seeger, A AF Seeger, A TI Ethnomusicologists, archives, professional organizations, and the shifting ethics of intellectual property SO YEARBOOK FOR TRADITIONAL MUSIC LA English DT Article RP Seeger, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN FOLKWAYS RECORDINGS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT COUNCIL TRADITIONAL MUSIC PI NEW YORK PA COLUMBIA UNIV, DEPT MUSIC, NEW YORK, NY 10027 SN 0740-1558 J9 YEARB TRADIT MUSIC JI Yearb. Tradit. Mus. PY 1996 VL 28 BP 87 EP 105 DI 10.2307/767808 PG 19 WC Music SC Music GA VY083 UT WOS:A1996VY08300006 ER PT S AU Ubelaker, DH AF Ubelaker, DH BE Steegmann, AT TI Skeletons testify: Anthropology in forensic science. AAPA luncheon address: April 12, 1996 SO YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, YEARBOOK SERIES VOL 39: SUPPLEMENT 23 TO THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY SE Yearbook of Physical Anthropology LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CADAVERS; DEATH; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; REMAINS; STATURE; RACE; TIME; AGE RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT, DEPT ANTHROPOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0096-848X J9 YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. PY 1996 VL 39 BP 229 EP 244 PG 16 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA BH33Q UT WOS:A1996BH33Q00009 ER PT J AU Marinescu, M Dalgarno, A AF Marinescu, M Dalgarno, A TI Analytical interaction potentials of the long range alkali-metal dimers SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK D-ATOMS MOLECULES AND CLUSTERS LA English DT Article ID CURVES AB Using almost degenerate perturbation theory the calculation of long range limits of alkali-metal dimer molecular states which dissociate to the atom pairs S-1/2-P-1/2, (3/2) and S-1/2-D-3/2,D- 5/2 is presented. Hund's coupling case c is adopted. The calculation includes correlations up to the second order of perturbation theory and exchange energy contributions. The results are expressed in a simple analytical form in terms of dispersion coefficients. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7683 J9 Z PHYS D ATOM MOL CL JI Z. Phys. D-Atoms Mol. Clusters PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA UD749 UT WOS:A1996UD74900009 ER PT J AU Goodrowe, KL Smak, B Presley, N Monfort, SL AF Goodrowe, KL Smak, B Presley, N Monfort, SL TI Reproductive, behavioral, and endocrine characteristics of the Bail's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endocrinology; pregnancy; comparative reproduction; urinary hormones ID MONITORING OVARIAN-FUNCTION; INTERSPECIFIC PREGNANCY; EXCRETION AB Failed interspecific embryo transfer between Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) and domestic ewes (Ovis aries), and a paucity of physiological data available for the Dall's sheep, provided incentive for developing a reproductive database in Dall's sheep. Urine samples were collected on a regular basis from a captive herd of Dall's sheep during the breeding to lambing interval over a 3 year period. To provide comparative endocrine data during pregnancy, samples also were collected during a single gestation period from five Suffolk ewes. All urine samples were analyzed for pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) and estrone conjugates (EC). Behavioral observations from Dall's sheep were made each year during the rut and lambing periods to calculate estrous cycle and gestation lengths. Placentas from Dall's sheep (n = 20) and Suffolk ewes (n = 10) were collected, the total number of cotyledons counted, and the length, width, area, and weight of eight cotyledons/horn from each placenta calculated. Endocrine and behavioral results indicated that the Dall's sheep is seasonally polyestrous and monovulatory, with a mean estrous cycle length of 18.2 +/- 0.3 days, a mean luteal phase of 11.8 +/- 0.5 days, and an average gestation length of 171.6 +/- 0.9 days. While hormonal patterns for pregnancy generally were similar between the two species, there was a pronounced difference in the magnitude of hormone concentrations, particularly PdG, and an absence of a marked preparturition EC rise in domestic sheep. Cotyledon numbers, weight, and area were smaller (P < 0.05) in the Dall's sheep, compared to Suffolk ewes. These data suggest that unsuccessful interspecies embryo transfer attempts may have been due to failed fetal/maternal communications resulting from hormonal and/or placental differences. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA. RP Goodrowe, KL (reprint author), METRO TORONTO ZOO,361A OLD FINCH AVE,SCARBOROUGH,ON M1B 5K7,CANADA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:1<45::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-C PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA TV929 UT WOS:A1996TV92900005 ER PT J AU Howard, J Byers, AP Brown, JL Barrett, SJ Evans, MZ Schwartz, RJ Wildt, DE AF Howard, J Byers, AP Brown, JL Barrett, SJ Evans, MZ Schwartz, RJ Wildt, DE TI Successful ovulation induction and laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination in the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE felids; assisted reproduction; hormones; laparoscopy; sperm; pregnancy ID GENETIC-VARIATION; ACINONYX-JUBATUS; PROGESTERONE; TESTOSTERONE; SPERMATOZOA; ESTRADIOL; EMBRYO AB Exogenous gonadotropins and a laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) technique were assessed for effectiveness in the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), a species difficult to breed in captivity due to severe mate incompatibility. Fourteen hormone trials using 10 female clouded leopards were performed to evaluate the ability of 50, 100, or 200 i.u. pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and 75 or 100 i.u. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce folliculogenesis and ovulation, respectively. Laparoscopic evaluation of ovarian activity was conducted at 29-48 hr after hCG administration. Time of ovulation in PMSG/hCG-treated clouded leopards was approximately 38-39 hr after hCG. Excessive follicular development was observed using the high hormone dosages (200 i.u. PMSG/100 i.u. hCG), whereas the lower dosages avoided ovarian hyperstimulation. Previous ovulation sites and mature corpora lutea were detected upon laparoscopic examinations in two of the 10 females housed alone, indicating that this species occasionally spontaneously ovulates. Five females were inseminated by depositing electroejaculated, washed sperm transabdominally into the proximal aspect of each uterine horn. One postovulatory female, previously treated with 100 i.u. PMSG and 75 i.u. hCG acid inseminated in utero with 88 x 10(6) motile sperm at 45 hr post-hCG, produced a pregnancy and two live cubs after an 89 day gestation. These results demonstrate: (1) an exquisite ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins in clouded leopards; and (2) that artificial insemination has the potential of resulting in offspring in this species. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NASHVILLE ZOO,JOELTON,TN. RP Howard, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,3001 CONNECTICUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:1<55::AID-ZOO6>3.0.CO;2-B PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA TV929 UT WOS:A1996TV92900006 ER PT J AU Graham, LH Brown, JL AF Graham, LH Brown, JL TI Cortisol metabolism in the domestic cat and implications for non-invasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in endangered felids SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE felids; feces; cortisol; ACTH; adrenal activity; stress ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; URINARY CORTISOL; STRESS; RESPONSES; EXCRETION; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; ESTRADIOL; DISTRESS; ANIMALS; FECES AB Three domestic cats were given i.m. injections of H-3-cortisol to determine the time course and relative proportion of excreted H-3-cortisol metabolites into urine and feces. Most urinary radioactivity was detected in the first sample collected at 3.9 +/- 2.5 hr postinjection and accounted for 13.9 +/- 2.1% of the total radioactivity recovered. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected four urinary metabolites, one of which (13.7% urinary radioactivity) eluted with the H-3-cortisol reference tracer and was quantifiable using a commercial cortisol radioimmunoassay (RIA). The majority of cortisol metabolites in feces (85.9 +/- 2.1%) was excreted at 22.3 +/- 6.2 hr. HPLC analysis detected several fecal metabolites consisting primarily of nonhydolyzable water-soluble forms, none of which eluted with H-3-cortisol or H-3-corticosterone reference tracers. No immunoreactivity was detected in HPLC-separated fecal eluates using the cortisol RIA; however, two of the more polar metabolites were quantifiable using a commerical cortisosterone RIA. The physiological relevance of the immunoreactive fecal metabolites was determined in four domestic cats given an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge. Increased serum cortisol concentrations were detected within 30 min of ACTH injection, which was maintained for at least 6 hr. A corresponding increase in fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations (ranging from 238% to 826% over individual baseline values) was observed 24-48 hr later. These data indicate that adrenocortical activity can be monitored nonivasively in the cat by measuring cortisol metabolites excreted in feces. This procedure is a potentially valuable tool for endangered felid management to help evaluate responses to physiological and psychological stressors associated with environmental conditions and husbandry practices, (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,NOAHS CTR,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. NR 39 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:1<71::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA TV929 UT WOS:A1996TV92900007 ER PT J AU Kenyon, KA Kalfatovic, MR AF Kenyon, KA Kalfatovic, MR TI Ambitious new CD-ROM on endangered and extinct species SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Software Review C1 SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,CENT RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Kenyon, KA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,NATL ZOOL PK BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 2 BP 195 EP 197 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:2<195::AID-ZOO11>3.0.CO;2-C PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA UG479 UT WOS:A1996UG47900009 ER PT J AU Burghardt, GM Ward, B Rosscoe, R AF Burghardt, GM Ward, B Rosscoe, R TI Problem of reptile play: Environmental enrichment and play behavior in a captive nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reptile; captive maintenance; psychological well-being ID AVIAN PLAY AB Giving captive animals the opportunity to interact with objects in a ''playful'' manner is often considered a method of environmental enrichment. However, the occurrence of play in nonavian reptiles is controversial and poorly documented. Similarly, the role of environmental enrichment in fostering psychological wellbeing in reptiles has been little studied. For several years, an adult, long-term captive, Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis, at the National Zoo (Washington, D.C.), was provided objects such as balls, sticks, and hoses in an attempt to reduce self-mutilation behavior. The turtle spent considerable time with the objects, and the level of self-mutilation behavior decreased greatly over many months. Video recordings made in various contexts were analyzed in detail, and an ethogram of this turtle's behavior was developed. The turtle interacted with the objects (e.g., basketball, hose, stick) for 20.7% of the time it was observed and was active for 67.7% of the time. Both figures are unusually high for any animal, especially a turtle. The relative lack of play in ectothermic reptiles is supported by the surplus resource theory of play, which considers the joint effects of parental care, metabolism, endothermy, and arousal in providing the context in which playfulness could be manifested and promoted in vertebrate evolution. The existence of vigorous playlike behavior in a member of an ancient reptilian lineage indicates that, in the right circumstances, object play can be performed by reptiles and that having the opportunity to do so may be beneficial in captivity. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, DEPT HERPETOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. RP Burghardt, GM (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PSYCHOL, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. RI Burghardt, Gordon/E-4501-2010 OI Burghardt, Gordon/0000-0003-4943-8145 NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 3 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:3<223::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-D PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA UU753 UT WOS:A1996UU75300003 ER PT J AU Garrett, CM Boyer, DM Card, WC Roberts, DT Murphy, JB Chiszar, D AF Garrett, CM Boyer, DM Card, WC Roberts, DT Murphy, JB Chiszar, D TI Comparison of chemosensory behavior and prey trail-following in the varanoid lizards Varanus gouldii and Heloderma suspectum SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Squamata; lizard; Varanidae; Helodermatidae; postingestion elevation in tongue-flick rate; strike-induced chemosensory searching ID SKINK EUMECES-LATICEPS; ODOR DISCRIMINATION; CHEMICAL-DISCRIMINATION; POSTSTRIKE ELEVATION; RATTLESNAKES; SNAKES AB In the first of three experiments, Gould's monitor lizards Varanus gouldii (n = 8) and Gila monsters Heloderma suspectum (n = 8) were tested to determine whether a postingestion elevation in tongue-flick rate (PETF) occurred. Based on analysis of numbers of tongue-flicks during 20 successive minutes following treatments and controls, significant PETF was detected in V. gouldii. Analysis of numbers of tongue-flicks over 20 successive minutes for H. suspectum indicated that PETF did not occur. A second experiment with refined procedures confirmed the absence of PETF in our H. suspectum. The third experiment was designed to determine whether V. gouldii and H. suspectum were capable of following prey-chemical trails. Varanus gouldii and H. suspectum followed these trails, and did so equally well, whether or not prey were bitten and ingested prior to exposure to chemical trails. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 DALLAS ZOO,DEPT HERPETOL,DALLAS,TX. ZOOL SOC SAN DIEGO,DEPT HERPETOL,SAN DIEGO,CA. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT HERPETOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Garrett, CM (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT BIOL,TYLER,TX 75799, USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 3 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:3<255::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-A PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA UU753 UT WOS:A1996UU75300005 ER PT J AU Vallarino, O Weldon, PJ AF Vallarino, O Weldon, PJ TI Reproduction in the yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus) from Panama: Field and laboratory observations SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating; reproduction; parturition; sea snakes AB Little is known of the reproductive biology of the yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus), a species widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific and eastern Pacific Oceans. We observed mating, birth, and free-ranging neonates of P. platurus while collecting this snake once a month over 19 months in the Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama. A pair of copulating snakes was netted on the water surface during February. Neonates, which were identified by size, were observed from September to December. Captive females gave birth during September. Neonates born in captivity emerged head- or tailfirst, shed the remnants of the fetal membranes by coiling their body in a circular loop, and then surfaced to breathe. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA UU753 UT WOS:A1996UU75300009 ER PT J AU Brown, JL Terio, KA Graham, LH AF Brown, JL Terio, KA Graham, LH TI Fecal androgen metabolite analysis for non invasive monitoring of testicular steroidogenic activity in felids SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE felids; feces; testosterone; testis ID INTRAUTERINE ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; CLOUDED LEOPARD; DOMESTIC CATS; FECES; PROGESTERONE; EJACULATE; ESTRADIOL AB Limited data are available on long-term, seasonal changes in testicular steroidogenic activity in nondomestic felids, primarily because of the difficulties associated with longitudinal blood sampling (e.g., handling, restraint, anesthesia). Therefore, a noninvasive approach for assessing testicular androgen production was developed using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as a model. Two adult males were injected i.m. with 4 mu Ci C-14-testosterone to determine the time course and relative proportions of androgen metabolites excreted in urine and feces. Peak urinary radioactivity was detected 13 and 19 hr postinjection and accounted for similar to 8% of the total radioactivity recovered. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis detected multiple polar urinary metabolites, none of which eluted with the H-3-testosterone reference tracer. The majority of urinary testosterone metabolites consisted of nonenzyme-hydrolyzable, water-soluble (presumably conjugated) forms. In feces, radioactivity was detected in the first sample collected at 22 hr postinjection for both males, although peak metabolite excretion in one male was not observed until 61 hr postinjection. HPLC analysis detected several fecal metabolites consisting primarily of nonhydrolyzable, water-soluble forms (84.4 +/- 0.9%) with some ether-soluble forms (15.6 +/- 0.9%). None of the fecal androgen metabolites were associated with free testosterone. However, one or more of the water-soluble fecal metabolites was quantifiable using a commercially available testosterone radioimmunoassay. The biological relevance of this immunoactivity was confirmed in the domestic cat; concentrations were high in adult, intact males and nondetectable in intact females and castrated males and females. In addition, fecal androgen concentrations in a male Pallas' cat (Felis manul) exhibited seasonal fluctuations that corresponded with parallel changes in serum testosterone and ejaculate quality. These data indicate that testicular steroidogenic activity can be monitored non invasively in felids, providing a potentially valuable tool for endangered felid management to: (1) assess pubertal status, (2) determine the influence of season on reproduction, and (3) diagnose possible causes of sub- or infertility. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), CONSERVAT & RES CTR,SMITHSONIAN INST,1500 REMOUNT RD,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 4 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:4<425::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-D PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA VD803 UT WOS:A1996VD80300007 ER PT J AU Oftedal, OT Allen, ME AF Oftedal, OT Allen, ME TI Nutrition as a major facet of reptile conservation SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; husbandry; iguana; tortoise; Galapagos AB The importance of nutrition has not received much recognition in conservation biology. However, captive breeding is possible only if nutritional requirements of animals are met, and effective habitat management requires an evaluation of nutritional resources. Three examples involving reptile conservation are presented. The formulation and testing of experimental meal-type diets proved es essential for the large-scale rearing of green iguanas (Iguana iguana) in Panama and Costa Rica, thousands of which have been released into the wild. Survival and growth of captive land iguanas (Conolophus subcristatus) in the Galapagos Islands was markedly improved by development of a complete feed based on locally available ingredients; this was essential to continuation of the conservation program in which juvenile iguanas were repatriated to islands where populations had previously been exterminated. Research on the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the Mojave Desert has identified nutritional constraints that may limit utilization of potential food plants. Thus, nutritional status of wild tortoises may depend more on availability of plant species of high nutritional quality than on overall amounts of annual vegetation. Federal and local agencies involved in the conservation and management of tortoise habitat have recognized the need to fund research on tortoise nutrition. We contend that nutrition should be given a central role in conservation programs for reptiles and other animals. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Oftedal, OT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA VQ041 UT WOS:A1996VQ04100005 ER PT J AU Rodden, MD Sorenson, LG Sherr, A Kleiman, DG AF Rodden, MD Sorenson, LG Sherr, A Kleiman, DG TI Use of behavioral measures to assess reproductive status in maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproductive behavior; discriminant function analysis; pseudopregnancy; captive breeding; estrus AB Captive breeding efforts of the threatened maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) have been plagued by a lack of reliable reproduction and a high rate of neonatal mortality. A particular problem for animal managers has been the ability to detect pregnancy in a noninvasive manner. Pseudopregnancies are common, and many staff hours are expended preparing for a birth that may not occur. The objectives of our study were to document changes in behavior during the breeding season in captive maned wolves in order to determine if behaviors other than sexual (i.e., copulation) could be used to distinguish nonbreeding from breeding pairs and, further, whether successful breeding pairs (young born) could be distinguished behaviorally from breeding pairs that did not produce young (pseudopregnant). Between 1988 and 1994, behavioral data were collected during the annual reproductive season from 52 maned wolf pairings (27 males, 26 females) housed at 17 North American institutions. Breeding animals showed significant increases in rates of affiliative behaviors (approach, friendly) and the amount of time spent in close association (social) during the estrous period, compared to pre- and post-estrous periods. In contrast, the behavior of nonbreeding pairs varied little throughout the breeding season. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed that several behavioral measurements during certain reproductive periods were useful in discriminating between nonbreeding and breeding animals (rates of friendly and social behavior for males, marking and social behavior for females). Unsuccessful (pseudopregnant) and successful breeding pairs could be further distinguished on the basis of agonistic and approach behavior frequencies (successful females showed higher rates of agonistic and lower rates of approach behavior during certain periods; successful males had higher rates of both behaviors). Discriminant equations for key behavioral measurements and examples of their practical application are presented. DFA provides animal managers with an effective, noninvasive technique for assessing the reproductive status of maned wolf pairs. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Rodden, MD (reprint author), NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,1500 REMOUNT RD,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 6 BP 565 EP 585 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:6<565::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 21 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA WA695 UT WOS:A1996WA69500003 ER PT J AU Pettibone, MH AF Pettibone, MH TI New genera for two polychaetes of Lepidonotinae SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Among the Lepidonotinae, two species of Lepidonotus are referred to new genera: L. dictyolepis Haswell, from Australia, to Augenerilepidonotus, and L. kumari Rullier, from Malaya, to Olgalepidonotus. RP Pettibone, MH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 28 PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 BP 577 EP 582 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TN603 UT WOS:A1995TN60300004 ER PT J AU Thomas, JD Ortiz, M AF Thomas, JD Ortiz, M TI Leucothoe laurensi, a new species of leucothoid amphipod from Cuban waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Leucothoidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Leucothoe laurensi is described from the south coast of Cuba. It is distinguished from other leucothoids by a transverse palm and blade-like extension of article 6 in male and female gnathopod 2. Leucothoe laurensi ranges from Ascension Island to the central Caribbean, including the Carolinas to the Florida Keys. C1 UNIV LA HABANA,CTR INVEST MARINAS,HAVANA,CUBA. RP Thomas, JD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NHB STOP 163,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 28 PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TN603 UT WOS:A1995TN60300007 ER PT J AU Lemaitre, R AF Lemaitre, R TI Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867), a nonindigenous portunid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) discovered in the Indian River lagoon system of Florida SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID HEMIGRAPSUS-SANGUINEUS CRUSTACEA; PACIFIC CRAB; GRAPSIDAE; COAST AB The portunid crab Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867), a species of Indo-Pacific origin, is reported from the Indian River lagoon system of Florida. Although this species was reported in 1987-1988 from Cuba, Colombia, and Venezuela, this is the first subsequent record in the western Atlantic, and the first in the continental United States. The specimens found in the Indian River include adults of both sexes (one female ovigerous), and juveniles, indicating that the population is reproducing and that this nonindigenous species has become established in the region. This species must now be considered present in the tropical western Atlantic at least across the entire Caribbean region. Recognition characters of C. hellerii are provided, as well as a summary of what is known about its distribution, biology, and probable method of arrival. Comments on other marine decapods introduced in eastern North America are included. RP Lemaitre, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 28 PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 BP 643 EP 648 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TN603 UT WOS:A1995TN60300011 ER PT J AU Heyer, WR AF Heyer, WR TI South American rocky habitat Leptodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) with description of two new species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB There are four groups of populations of Leptodactylus associated with rocky habitats in northern South America. The available data are most consistent with recognizing three species for these four units: L. rugosus and two new species, L. lithonaetes and L. myersi. A single specimen from Paraguay, although distinctive, is considered to be conspecific with L. syphax, previously known from disjunct localities in eastern Brazil. Data are inadequate at present to determine whether the South American species of Leptodactylus associated with rocky habitats are a monophyletic group. RP Heyer, WR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 28 PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 BP 695 EP 716 PG 22 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TN603 UT WOS:A1995TN60300017 ER PT J AU Cuatrecasas, J AF Cuatrecasas, J TI A new genus of the compositae: Paramiflos (Espeletiinae) from Colombia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Paramiflos is a new genus from the high Andes of Colombia that belongs to the subtribe Espeletiinae of the Compositae. It differs significantly from the related genus Espeletiopsis and all the other genera of Espeletiinae in the structure of the involucre, which has the outer phyllaries sharply different from the inner phyllaries. RP Cuatrecasas, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,MRC 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 28 PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 BP 748 EP 750 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA TN603 UT WOS:A1995TN60300020 ER PT J AU FORMAN, P AF FORMAN, P TI THE PHYSICAL REVIEW - THE FIRST 100 YEARS - A SELECTION OF SEMINAL PAPERS AND COMMENTARIES - STROKE,HH SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP FORMAN, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5244 BP 2036 EP 2037 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TL420 UT WOS:A1995TL42000057 ER PT J AU Ghedotti, MJ Weitzman, SH AF Ghedotti, MJ Weitzman, SH TI Descriptions of two new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes:Anablepidae) from southern Brazil SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Two new species in the genus Jenynsia from southern Brazil are described, Jenynsia eirmostigma sp. nov. from the rio Pelotas drainage in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states is diagnosed by the presence of three distinct, discontinuous lateral stripes and a slightly oblique mouth. Jenynsia unitaenia sp. nov. from coastal drainages in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul is diagnosed by the presence of a single distinct, continuous lateral stripe, more than 13 gill rakers on the ventral arm of the first gill arch, and a slightly subterminal mouth. The species in the genus Jenynsia that is most similar to the two new species is J. eigenmanni (Haseman). A key to the described species of Jenynsia is provided. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV FISHES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Ghedotti, MJ (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,NAT HIST MUSEUM,DIV FISHES,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 21 PY 1995 IS 4 BP 939 EP 946 DI 10.2307/1447043 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM634 UT WOS:A1995TM63400018 ER PT J AU PATRON, J HILL, F RHODES, EJ KORZENNIK, SG CACCIANI, A AF PATRON, J HILL, F RHODES, EJ KORZENNIK, SG CACCIANI, A TI VELOCITY-FIELDS WITHIN THE SOLAR CONVECTION ZONE - EVIDENCE FROM OSCILLATION RING DIAGRAM ANALYSIS OF MOUNT-WILSON DOPPLERGRAMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CONVECTION; SUN, INTERIOR; SUN, OSCILLATIONS ID INTERNAL ANGULAR VELOCITY AB A ring-diagram analysis of solar oscillations has been applied to a 3 day time series of full-disk Doppler images obtained at Mount Wilson. A model of the three-dimensional power spectrum assuming a Lorentzian profile in frequency and the advection of the wave front by horizontal flows has been fitted to the observed spectrum. The model provides estimates of the two horizontal components of subsurface flows averaged over depth. These estimates are then input to a least-squares smoothness-constrained inversion procedure to infer the depth dependence of the horizontal velocity. The method has been applied at nine different heliographic positions, The results indicate the presence of three east-west shear layers at all longitudes and latitudes, associated in depth with the ionization zones of hydrogen and helium in the outermost 20 Mm. The direction of the shear with respect to the average surface rotation rate alternates with depth, with organized north-south flows apparent between the east-west flows, Thus, the resultant vector velocity field appears to execute a spiral as a function of depth. Below similar to 30 Mm, the organized character of the flow disappears, and a chaotic spatial distribution dominates. There is also an indication of a convergent flow at similar to 10 degrees north latitude, suggesting the presence of a toroidal convective roll. The magnitudes of the flows are on the order of 100-200 ms(-1) in the outer 20 Mm, rising to several hundred ms(-1) at 50 Mm. C1 ASSOC UNIV RES ASTRON INC,NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,NATL SOLAR OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,DEPT PHYS,I-00185 ROME,ITALY. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 2 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1086/176620 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK125 UT WOS:A1995TK12500035 ER PT J AU SHU, FH NAJITA, J OSTRIKER, EC SHANG, H AF SHU, FH NAJITA, J OSTRIKER, EC SHANG, H TI MAGNETOCENTRIFUGALLY DRIVEN FLOWS FROM YOUNG STARS AND DISKS .5. ASYMPTOTIC COLLIMATION INTO JETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; MHD; STARS, FORMATION; STARS, MAGNETIC FIELDS; STARS, MASS LOSS ID EMISSION AB We consider the asymptotic behavior of magnetocentrifugally driven X-winds, taking into proper account the pressure balance across the interface between the open stellar field lines of the dead zone devoid of matter and the open field lines of the wind. At large distances from the source the outflow collimates into jets along the rotation axis. Being almost cylindrically symmetric even close to the source of the outflow, the density distribution appears more jetlike than the collection of streamlines, which always contains a few members that skim over the surface of the disk. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP SHU, FH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 18 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 2 BP L155 EP L158 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK126 UT WOS:A1995TK12600015 ER PT J AU VIKHLININ, A FORMAN, W AF VIKHLININ, A FORMAN, W TI DETECTION OF THE ANGULAR-CORRELATION OF FAINT X-RAY SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, OBSERVATIONS; QUASARS, GENERAL; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID DEEP ROSAT SURVEY; UNIVERSE; CLUSTERS; ISOTROPY AB We have analyzed a set of deep ROSAT observations with a total ski coverage of 40 deg(2) to search for clustering of faint X-ray sources. Using the resulting catalog of discrete X-ray sources, we detect, for the first time in the X-ray band, a positive correlation on angular scales of 0'5-10'. When corrected for a bias due to limited spatial resolution, which amplifies the correlation, the observed angular correlation function agrees well with that expected from the spatial correlation of optically selected quasars provided that they comprise an appreciable fraction (greater than or equal to 50%) of detected X-ray sources. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP VIKHLININ, A (reprint author), MOSCOW SPACE RES INST,PROFSOYUZNAYA UL 84-32,MOSCOW 117810,RUSSIA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 2 BP L109 EP L113 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK126 UT WOS:A1995TK12600004 ER PT J AU Ciliegi, P Elvis, M Wilkes, BJ Boule, BJ McMahon, RG Maccacaro, T AF Ciliegi, P Elvis, M Wilkes, BJ Boule, BJ McMahon, RG Maccacaro, T TI The Cambridge-Cambridge ROSAT Serendipity Survey .3. VLA observations and the evolution of radio-quiet and radio-loud objects SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies, active; galaxies, nuclei; quasars, general; radio continuum, galaxies; X-rays, galaxies ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; COMPLETE SAMPLE; EMISSION; REDSHIFT; DEPENDENCE; QSOS AB We present the results of the VLA radio observations at 1.475 GHz (20 cm) of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the Cambridge-Cambridge ROSAT Serendipity Survey (CRSS), a sample of 123 faint X-ray sources with f(x)(0.5-2.0 keV) greater than or equal to 2 x 10(-14) erg s(-1) cm(-2). Of the 80 AGN in the sample, seven show radio emission at the 5 sigma level and only two (2.5(-1.7)(+4.0) per cent) qualify as radio-loud (RL) objects (alpha(10) greater than or equal to 20.35). This result, compared with 13 per cent RL in the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) sample of AGN [flux limit f(x)(0.3-3.5 keV) similar to 2 x 10(-13) erg s(-1) cm(-2)], confirms that the fraction of X-ray-selected RLAGN drops rapidly as the X-ray flux limit is lowered. Combining the CRSS AGN sample with that extracted from the EMSS we study the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) and evolutionary properties for radio-quiet (RQ) and RLAGN separately. We find that the RQ and RLAGN populations show the same cosmological evolution within the errors. In fact, when the luminosity evolution is parametrized with a power law of the form L(x)*(z) = L(x)*(0)(1+z)(k), we find k = 2.43 +/- 0.26 and 2.71 +/- 0.10 for RL and RQAGN populations respectively. In addition, the shapes of the de-evolved XLFs of the two classes appear to be different at both the low-luminosity (L(x) < 10(44) erg s(-1)) and high-luminosity ends, These results are robust for different cosmological models (using q(0) = 0.0 and 0.5) and for different values of the threshold alpha(10) used to distinguish between RQ and RL objects. Finally, we find that the differences in the shapes of the XLFs of RQ and RL AGN can be explained by introducing an X-ray beaming model to separate the observed X-ray luminosity of radio quasars into relativistically beamed and isotropic contributions. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,MILAN,ITALY. OSSERV ASTRON MERATE,I-20121 MILAN,ITALY. ROYAL GREENWICH OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0EZ,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 277 IS 4 BP 1463 EP 1476 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TL361 UT WOS:A1995TL36100025 ER EF