FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Keyghobadi, N LaPointe, D Fleischer, RC Fonseca, DM AF Keyghobadi, Nusha LaPointe, Dennis Fleischer, Robert C. Fonseca, Dina M. TI Fine-scale population genetic structure of a wildlife disease vector: the southern house mosquito on the island of Hawaii SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; Culex quinquefasciatus; elevation; gene flow; Hawaii; isolation by distance; microsatellite; mosquito; population structure ID MAUNA-LOA VOLCANO; AVIAN MALARIA; CULEX-PIPIENS; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; DROSOPHILA-ROBUSTA; BORNE DISEASES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; CULICIDAE AB The southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, is a widespread tropical and subtropical disease vector. In the Hawaiian Islands, where it was introduced accidentally almost two centuries ago, it is considered the primary vector of avian malaria and pox. Avian malaria in particular has contributed to the extinction and endangerment of Hawaii's native avifauna, and has altered the altitudinal distribution of native bird populations. We examined the population genetic structure of Cx. quinquefasciatus on the island of Hawaii at a smaller spatial scale than has previously been attempted, with particular emphasis on the effects of elevation on population genetic structure. We found significant genetic differentiation among populations and patterns of isolation by distance within the island. Elevation per se did not have a limiting effect on gene flow; however, there was significantly lower genetic diversity among populations at mid elevations compared to those at low elevations. A recent sample taken from just above the predicted upper altitudinal distribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus on the island of Hawaii was confirmed as being a temporary summer population and appeared to consist of individuals from more than one source population. Our results indicate effects of elevation gradients on genetic structure that are consistent with known effects of elevation on population dynamics of this disease vector. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Keyghobadi, N (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM nkeyghob@uwo.ca RI Fonseca, Dina/B-9951-2011; OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100; LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM063258] NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 13 BP 3919 EP 3930 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03069.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 096PH UT WOS:000241388800005 PM 17054493 ER PT J AU Peng, CY Impey, CD Rix, HW Falco, EE Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS Lehar, J McLeod, BA AF Peng, Chien Y. Impey, Chris D. Rix, Hans-Walter Falco, Emilio E. Keeton, Charles R. Kochanek, Chris S. Lehar, Joseph McLeod, Brian A. TI Lensed quasar hosts SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on QSO Host Galaxies CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Leiden, NETHERLANDS DE quasar; host galaxy; gravitational lensing; evolution; supermassive black hole ID INFRARED EINSTEIN RING; GALACTIC NUCLEI; GALAXIES AB Gravitational lensing assists in the detection of quasar hosts by amplifying and distorting the host light away from the unresolved quasar core images. We present the results of HST observations of 30 quasar hosts at redshifts 1 < z < 4.5. The hosts are small in size (r(e) less than or similar to 6 kpc), and span a range of morphologies consistent with early-types (though smaller in mass) to disky/late-type. The ratio of the black hole mass (M-BH, from the virial technique) to the bulge mass (M-bulge, from the stellar luminosity) at 1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.7 is broadly consistent with the local value; while M-BH/M-bulge at z greater than or similar to 1.7 is a factor of 3-6 higher than the local value. But, depending on the stellar content the ratio may decline at z greater than or similar to 4 (if E/S0-like), flatten off to 6-10 times the local value (if Sbc-like), or continue to rise (if Im-like). We infer that galaxy bulge masses must have grown by a factor of 3-6 over the redshift range 3 greater than or similar to z greater than or similar to 1, and then changed little since z similar to 1. This suggests that the peak epoch of galaxy formation for massive galaxies is above z similar to 1. We also estimate the duty cycle of luminous AGNs at z greater than or similar to 1 to be similar to 1%, or 10(7) yr, with sizable scatter. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, McPherson Lab 4055, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Peng, CY (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cyp@stsci.edu NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 50 IS 9-10 BP 689 EP 693 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.038 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103PE UT WOS:000241898400008 ER PT J AU Greene, JE Barth, AJ Ho, LC AF Greene, Jenny E. Barth, Aaron J. Ho, Luis C. TI The smallest AGN host galaxies SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on QSO Host Galaxies CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Leiden, NETHERLANDS ID BLACK-HOLE MASS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DWARF SEYFERT NUCLEI; SIGMA RELATION; QUASARS; LUMINOSITY; NGC-4395; CLUSTER; SEARCH; GROWTH AB We describe our efforts to study dwarf galaxies with active nuclei, whose black holes, with masses <= 10(6)M(circle dot), provide the best current observational constraints on the mass distribution of primordial seed black holes. Although these low-mass galaxies do not necessarily contain classical bulges, [Barth, A.J., Greene, J.E., Ho, L.C., 2005. ApJ 619, L151.] show that their stellar velocity dispersions and black hole masses obey the same relation as more massive systems. In order to characterize the properties of the dwarf hosts without the glare of the active nucleus, we have compiled a complementary sample of narrow-line active galaxies with low-mass hosts. The host galaxy properties, both their structures and stellar populations, are consistent with the general properties of low-mass, blue galaxies from Sloan. The black holes in these galaxies are probably radiating close to their Eddington limits, suggesting we may have found Type 2 analogues of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Greene, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jgreene@cfa.harvard.edu OI Barth, Aaron/0000-0002-3026-0562 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 50 IS 9-10 BP 739 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.080 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103PE UT WOS:000241898400019 ER PT J AU Pott, JU Eckart, A Krips, M Tacconi-Garman, L Lindt, E AF Pott, J. -U. Eckart, A. Krips, M. Tacconi-Garman, L. Lindt, E. TI Search for dense molecular gas in QSO hosts SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on QSO Host Galaxies CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Leiden, NETHERLANDS DE galaxies : ISM; quasars : general AB We present the results of a recently conducted mm-experiment at the IRAM 30 in telescope. We searched in two QSO hosts for the HCN(J = 1-0) line emission tracing the dense regions of gas. Our goal is to probe the HCN-CO line ratio in QSO hosts for the first time and to compare the results with recent findings of quiescent galaxies. These findings indicate a strong correlation between the star formation efficiency and the HCN-CO line ratio over several orders of magnitudes in infrared luminosities. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Submillimeter Array, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. RP Pott, JU (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM jpott@eso.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 50 IS 9-10 BP 800 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.017 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103PE UT WOS:000241898400035 ER PT J AU Coley, PD Bateman, ML Kursar, TA AF Coley, P. D. Bateman, M. L. Kursar, T. A. TI The effects of plant quality on caterpillar growth and defense against natural enemies SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-MORTALITY HYPOTHESIS; NITROGEN-CONTENT; RAIN-FOREST; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; TROPICAL FOREST; YOUNG LEAVES; PREDATION; PARASITOIDS; PERFORMANCE AB A survey of 85 species of Lepidoptera feeding on 40 hosts on Barro Colorado Island, Panama showed that growth and defensive traits of caterpillars were correlated with the nutritional and defensive traits of their hosts. Growth rates were faster on young than mature leaves, reflecting the higher nitrogen and water content of the former. Growth was also positively correlated with leaf expansion rate, partially because of higher nitrogen and water contents of fast-expanding young leaves. Specialists grew faster than generalists, but both responded positively to nutritional quality. There was no effect of lepidopteran family on growth. In analyses where the effects of nitrogen and water were removed, the residuals for growth rate were greater for young than for mature leaves and were positively correlated with expansion rates of young leaves. This suggests that traits other than nutrition were also important. As young, expanding leaves cannot use toughness as a defense, one possible explanation for the differences in growth is differences in chemical defenses. Growth rate residuals for both specialists and generalists were higher for the more poorly defended fast-expanders, but the effect was greatest for generalists, perhaps because generalists were more sensitive to secondary metabolites. We predicted that slow growth for caterpillars would increase their risk to natural enemies and would select for higher defenses. Generalists had more defensive traits than specialists and were less preferred in feeding trials with ants. Similarly, species feeding on mature leaves were the most defended and those feeding on fast-expanding young leaves were the least defended and most preferred by ants. Thus the effects of plant secondary metabolites and nutrients dictate herbivore growth rates, which in turn influence their susceptibility to the third trophic level and the importance of defenses. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Coley, PD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM coley@biology.utah.edu NR 62 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 77 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 2006 VL 115 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093VQ UT WOS:000241198800003 ER PT J AU Fischer, JM Fields, PA Pryzbylkowski, PG Nicolai, JL Neale, PJ AF Fischer, J. M. Fields, P. A. Pryzbylkowski, P. G. Nicolai, J. L. Neale, P. J. TI Ultraviolet radiation and daphnia respiration in context: The facts SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID UV-RADIATION; CICHLASOMA-NIGROFASCIATUM; GENERAL METABOLISM; CICHLID FISH; TEMPERATURE; ZOOPLANKTON; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE; DEPTH; LAKE C1 Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Fischer, JM (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. EM janet.fischer@fandm.edu RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1723 EP 1724 DI 10.1562/2006-09-21-RA-1047 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 122GQ UT WOS:000243214100049 ER PT J AU Yelin, SF Kirby, K Cote, R AF Yelin, S. F. Kirby, K. Cote, Robin TI Schemes for robust quantum computation with polar molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED COLLISIONS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; RESONANCE; GATES AB We show how ultracold polar molecules, suggested as a new platform for quantum computation, can be manipulated to switch "on" and "off" their strong dipole-dipole interactions. This can be accomplished through selective excitation of states with considerably different dipole moments. We discuss different schemes for quantum gates using real molecules: CO, LiH, and CaF, as examples of polar molecules which are being experimentally studied at ultracold temperatures. These schemes can be realized in several recently proposed architectures. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yelin, SF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 36 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 050301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.050301 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110VH UT WOS:000242408900002 ER PT J AU Evans, NR Franz, O Massa, D Mason, B Walker, RL Karovska, M AF Evans, Nancy Remage Franz, Otto Massa, Derck Mason, Brian Walker, Richard L. Karovska, Margarita TI Cepheids in multiple systems: ADS 14859 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; BINARY STARS; CLASSICAL CEPHEID; INTERFEROMETRY AB We have attempted to resolve the system containing the Cepheid V1334 Cyg (=ADS 14859) using both the Faint Object Camera (FOC) and the Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) on the Hubble Space Telescope, and also using ground-based speckle interferometry with 4 m class instruments. None of these approaches was successful, leading to upper limits of approximately 20 mas ( depending on the magnitude difference between the stars). We discuss constraints this places on a possible wide orbit as a guide to future observations. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Observ, Dept Astron, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC USA. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS-4,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 849 BP 1545 EP 1549 DI 10.1086/509791 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 111UF UT WOS:000242479800006 ER PT J AU Mandrini, CH Demoulin, P Schmieder, B Deluca, EE Pariat, E Uddin, W AF Mandrini, C. H. Demoulin, P. Schmieder, B. Deluca, E. E. Pariat, E. Uddin, W. TI Companion event and precursor of the X17 flare on 28 October 2003 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-SEPARATRIX LAYERS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLUX TUBES; FORCE-FREE; ERUPTIONS; NULLS; FIELD; TOPOLOGY AB A major two-ribbon X17 flare occurred on 28 October 2003, starting at 11:01 UT in active region NOAA 10486. This flare was accompanied by the eruption of a filament and by one of the fastest halo coronal mass ejections registered during the October-November 2003 strong activity period. We focus on the analysis of magnetic field (SOHO/MDI), chromospheric (NainiTal observatory and TRACE), and coronal (TRACE) data obtained before and during the 28 October event. By combining our data analysis with a model of the coronal magnetic field, we concentrate on the study of two events starting before the main flare. One of these events, evident in TRACE images around one hour prior to the main flare, involves a localized magnetic reconnection process associated with the presence of a coronal magnetic null point. This event extends as long as the major flare and we conclude that it is independent from it. A second event, visible in H alpha and TRACE images, simultaneous with the previous one, involves a large-scale quadrupolar reconnection process that contributes to decrease the magnetic field tension in the overlaying field configuration; this allows the filament to erupt in a way similar to that proposed by the breakout model, but with magnetic reconnection occurring at Quasi-Separatrix Layers (QSLs) rather than at a magnetic null point. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, IAFE, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Observ Paris, LESIA, CNRS, FRE 2461, F-92195 Meudon, France. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Aryabhatta Res Inst Observat Sci ARIES, Naini Tal 263129, India. RP Mandrini, CH (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, IAFE, CC 67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM mandrini@iafe.uba.ar; pascal.demoulin@obspm.fr; brigitte.schmieder@obspm.fr; edeluca@cfa.harvard.edu; etienne.pariat@obspm.fr; wahab@upso.ernet.in RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 238 IS 2 BP 293 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-0205-3 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 111HA UT WOS:000242440800006 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI Assessing the legacy of the Space Shuttle SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article ID FAILURE AB This article reviews the core legacies of the Space Shuttle program after 25 years and suggests that, while it was not an unadulterated success, on balance the Shuttle served a valuable role in the development of spaceflight and deserves an overall positive assessment in history. There are five core legacies that deserve discussion. First, the Space Shuttle has a reputation as a mistake resulting from a policy failure that should never have been pursued. Second, it has been criticized as a program that prohibited other paths for the US space program. Third, and more positively, the Space Shuttle provided more than two decades of significant human spaceflight capability and stretched the nature of what could be accomplished in Earth orbit much beyond where it had previously been. Fourth, it served as a relatively flexible platform for scientific activities. Finally, and perhaps most significantly since the US human spaceflight program has always been focused on national prestige, the Space Shuttle served well as a symbol of American technological verisimilitude. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASM, Smithsonian Inst, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), NASM, Smithsonian Inst, Div Space Hist, POB 37012,Room 3550,MRC 311, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM launiusr@si.edu OI Launius, Roger/0000-0003-1633-1253 NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2006.08.008 PG 9 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 115IQ UT WOS:000242728400002 ER PT J AU Zhu, YP Wen, J Zhang, ZY Chen, ZD AF Zhu, Yu-Ping Wen, Jun Zhang, Zhi-Yun Chen, Zhi-Duan TI Evolutionary relationships and diversification of Stachyuraceae based on sequences of four chloroplast markers and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Crossosomataceae; divergence times; hybridization; phylogeny; Stachyuraceae ID SAXIFRAGACEAE SENSU-LATO; NORTH-AMERICAN; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; FLOWERING PLANTS; EASTERN ASIA; TRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; DATA SETS; RBCL AB Stachyuraceae consist of a single genus Stachyurus with about ten species endemic to eastern Asia. The family was recently shown to be sister to the western North American Crossosomataceac. The phylogeny of Stachyuraceae and its relatives was reconstructed based on sequences of four chloroplast DNA regions (trnL, intron and adjacent trnL-trnF spacer, rps16 intron, ndhF gene, trnS-trnG-trnG region) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The monophyly of Stachyurus was strongly supported. The divergence time between Stachyuraceae and Crossosomataceae was estimated to be 68.25 +/- 10.36 million years ago (MYA) using the penalized likelihood method based on rbcL sequences data with fossil calibration. Stachyurus sigeyosii was previously synonymized as S. himalaicus, but our analysis shows that it is sister to the morphologically highly distinct S. praecox from Japan and does not form a clade with S. himalaicus. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Syst & Evolut Bot, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Nanjing Univ, Coll Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Syst & Evolut Bot, Inst Bot, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM zhangzy@ibcas.ac.cn NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 2006 VL 55 IS 4 BP 931 EP 940 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 121AF UT WOS:000243127900010 ER PT J AU Sobrado, MA Ewe, SML AF Sobrado, M. A. Ewe, Sharon M. L. TI Ecophysiological characteristics of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa coexisting in a scrub mangrove forest at the Indian River Lagoon, Florida SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE leaf nitrogen partition; potassium uptake selectivity; soil salinity; water relations; xylem osmolality; scrub forest ID LEAF GLAND SECRETION; WATER RELATIONS; XYLEM SAP; SALT BALANCE; AUSTRALIAN MANGROVES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; SALINITY; GROWTH; PLANTS AB The purpose of this work is to increase ecological understanding of Avicennia germinans L. and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. F. growing in hypersaline habitats with a seasonal climate. The area has a dry season (DS) with low temperature and vapour pressure deficit (vpd), and a wet season (WS) with high temperature and slightly higher vpd. Seasonal patterns in interstitial soil water salinity suggested a lack of tidal flushing in this area to remove salt along the soil profile. The soil solution sodium/potassium (Na+/K+) ratio differed slightly along the soil profile during the DS, but during the WS it was significantly higher at the soil surface. Diurnal changes in xylem osmolality between predawn (higher) and midday (lower) were observed in both species. However, A. germinans had higher xylem osmolality compared to L. racemosa. Xylem Na+/K+ suggested higher selectivity of K+ over Na+ in both species and seasons. The water relations parameters derived from pressure-volume P-V curves were relatively stable between seasons for each species. The range of water potentials (Psi), measured in the field, was within estimated values for turgor maintenance from P-V curves. Thus the leaves of both species were osmotically adapted to maintain continued water uptake in this hypersaline mangrove environment. C1 Univ Simon Bolivar, Lab Biol Ambiental Plantas, Dept Biol Organismos, Div Ciencias Biol, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Sobrado, MA (reprint author), Univ Simon Bolivar, Lab Biol Ambiental Plantas, Dept Biol Organismos, Div Ciencias Biol, Apartado 89-000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. EM msobrado@usb.ve NR 59 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0931-1890 EI 1432-2285 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 679 EP 687 DI 10.1007/s00468-006-0083-1 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 109GT UT WOS:000242296600003 ER PT J AU Hope, K Deem, SL AF Hope, Katharine Deem, Sharon L. TI Retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of captive jaguars (Panthera onca) in North America: 1982-2002 SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epistaxis; melengestrol-acetate exposure; reproductive disease; musculoskeletal disease ID FELIDS AB One hundred seventy-two medical records of captive Jaguars (Panther onca) were examined from 30 American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) institutions housing jaguars between 1982-2002. The Study determined common causes of morbidity and mortality, and the influence of age, gender, and melengestrol-acetate (MGA) exposure on these rates. The most common causes of morbidity in captive jaguars were found to be dental, gastrointestinal, integumentary, and musculoskeletal diseases. Prevalence of types of disease varied with age, with Older annuals experiencing a higher prevalence of multiple types of disease. Females developed reproductive disease more frequently than males, and the data Suggest that MGA exposure increased the risk of developing female reproductive disease. The most common causes of mortality were reproductive diseases in females and musculoskeletal diseases in males. There was a high rate of neonate and pediatric mortality, primarily due to stillbirths Or unexplained neonatal death, trauma, and pneumonia. Other diseases or clinical signs that seemed remarkable were a high prevalence of episodes of epistaxis among young, as well as old, jaguars. Based on these findings, management suggestions for the captive Jaguar population are presented. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP Deem, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM deems@si.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1002/zoo.20112 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 121RA UT WOS:000243173500005 ER PT J AU Waller, TR AF Waller, Thomas R. TI Phylogeny of families in the Pectinoidea (Mollusca : Bivalvia): importance of the fossil record SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE Entoliidae; Entolioididae; Neitheidae; Palaeozoic; Pectinidae; Pernopectinidae; Propeamussiidae; Spondylidae; Tosapectinidae; Triassic ID FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; PECTINACEA MOLLUSCA; TRIASSIC BIVALVES; HINGE-LIGAMENT; DEEP-SEA; PECTINIDAE; EVOLUTION; SPONDYLUS; PALEOECOLOGY; SYSTEMATICS AB The Triassic fossil record points to the monophyly of the Pectinoidea (scallops), all members of which have a triangular resilium with a nonmineralized medial core that functions below the hinge line. The elastic properties of this resilium in extant taxa predict that the initial adaptation of the Pectinoidea was to swimming. This is indeed corroborated by the shell form of Pernopecten, the earliest known pectinoidean genus, which ranged from late Devonian to earliest Triassic. The new family Entolioididae, a largely Triassic group, provides the missing link between the Pernopectinidae and the families Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, and Pectinidae, all of which originated by the Middle Triassic and survive to the present day. A new Triassic genus Filamussium shows that the Propeamussiidae originated from the Entolioididae, not directly from the Pernopectinidae as previously supposed. Evidence from morphology, the fossil record, and molecular genetics indicates that the family Spondylidae originated in the Middle Jurassic from an ancestor within the Pectinidae, possibly the genus Spondylopecten, which was already present in the Late Triassic. Journal compilation (c) 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Waller, TR (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC-121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wallert@si.edu NR 173 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 148 IS 3 BP 313 EP 342 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00258.x PG 30 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 115YN UT WOS:000242769800005 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, M Capson, TL Guzman, HM Gonzalez, J Ortega-Barria, E Quinoa, E Riguera, R AF Gutierrez, Marcelino Capson, Todd L. Guzman, Hector M. Gonzalez, Jose Ortega-Barria, Eduardo Quinoa, Emilio Riguera, Ricardo TI Antiplasmodial metabolites isolated from the marine octocoral Muricea austera SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; PARASITES AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract from the octocoral Muricea austera collected in the Pacific coast of Panama led to the isolation of eight compounds, including three tyramine derivatives (1-3), two steroidal pregnane glycosides ( 4, 5), and three sesquiterpenoids (6-8). Compounds 2-5 are new natural products, and their structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD studies). The antiprotozoal activities of the natural compounds 1-8 as well as those of a series of synthetic glycosides (11-22) and tyramine derivatives (23-35) were evaluated in vitro against a drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and intracellular form of Trypanosoma cruzi. C1 Univ Santiago Compostela, Dept Quim Organ, Inst Acuicultura, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Santiago Compostela, CSIC, Unidad RMN Biomol, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 2072, Panama. Secretariat Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Sci Invest, Clayton, Panama. Secretariat Sci & Technol, High Technol Serv, Clayton, Panama. RP Capson, TL (reprint author), Univ Santiago Compostela, Dept Quim Organ, Inst Acuicultura, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM capsont@si.edu; ricardo@usc.es RI Quinoa, Emilio/D-8920-2011; Riguera, Ricardo/I-6476-2015 OI Quinoa, Emilio/0000-0003-3019-3408; Riguera, Ricardo/0000-0001-5133-0454 FU FIC NIH HHS [1U01 TW01021-01, 1U01 TW006634-01] NR 17 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD OCT 27 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1379 EP 1383 DI 10.1021/np060007f PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098ZQ UT WOS:000241562700001 PM 17067146 ER PT J AU Psaty, BM Burke, SP AF Psaty, Bruce M. Burke, Sheila P. TI Protecting the health of the public - Institute of medicine recommendations on drug safety SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Med, Comm Assessment US Drug Safety Syst, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Psaty, BM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 4 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 17 BP 1753 EP 1755 DI 10.1056/NEJMp068228 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 098HV UT WOS:000241512500001 PM 17030843 ER PT J AU Lorenzo, M Brito, I Cueto, M D'Croz, L Darias, J AF Lorenzo, Manuel Brito, Inmaculada Cueto, Mercedes D'Croz, Luis Darias, Jose TI C-13 NMR-based empirical rules to determine the configuration of fatty acid butanolides. Novel gamma-dilactones from Pterogorgia spp SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE NATURAL-PRODUCTS; PLEXAURA-FLAVA; LACTONES; CHEMISTRY; ACETOGENINS; METABOLITES; COELENTERATES; CORALS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; BUTENOLIDES AB Diastereomeric gamma-dilactones isolated from Pterogorgia spp allowed the establishment of C-13 NMR-based empirical rules to determine the relative stereochemistry of 3-alkyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(5H)-dihydrofuranones, gamma-lactone moieties ubiquitous in many bioactive synthetic and natural products. An NMR-based method using Pirkle's reagent at low temperature allowed the absolute configuration of the naturally occurring dibutenolides to be unambiguously determined. A biogenetic pathway that involves oxidation of long-chain (C16:0 and C18:0) fatty acids is proposed. C1 CSIC, Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol, Tenerife 38206, Spain. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Ctr Estudios Cuaternario, Punta Arenas, Chile. Univ Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. Univ Panama, Dept Biol Marina & Limnol, Panama City, Panama. RP Lorenzo, M (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol, Ave Astrofis F Sanchez 3, Tenerife 38206, Spain. EM jdarias@ipna.csic.es RI Cueto, MERCEDES/L-3185-2014; Johnson, Selena/K-3541-2013 OI Cueto, MERCEDES/0000-0002-9112-6877; NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 8 IS 22 BP 5001 EP 5004 DI 10.1021/ol061572c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 096MS UT WOS:000241381800005 PM 17048828 ER PT J AU Freeland, M Kuncic, Z Soria, R Bicknell, GV AF Freeland, M. Kuncic, Z. Soria, R. Bicknell, G. V. TI Radio and X-ray properties of relativistic beaming models for ultraluminous X-ray sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; X-rays : binaries ID MASS BLACK-HOLES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; BROAD-BAND SPECTRUM; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; ACCRETION DISK; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; DOMINATED ACCRETION; JETS AB We calculate the broad-band radio-X-ray spectra predicted by microblazar and microquasar models for ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), exploring the possibility that their dominant power-law component is produced by a relativistic jet, even at near-Eddington mass accretion rates. We do this by first constructing a generalized disc-jet theoretical framework in which some fraction of the total accretion power, P(a), is efficiently removed from the accretion disc by a magnetic torque responsible for jet formation. Thus, for different black hole masses, mass accretion rates and magnetic coupling strength, we self-consistently calculate the relative importance of the modified disc spectrum, as well as the overall jet emission due to synchrotron and Compton processes. In general, transferring accretion power to a jet makes the disc fainter and cooler than a standard disc at the same mass accretion rate; this may explain why the soft spectral component appears less prominent than the dominant power-law component in most bright ULXs. We show that the apparent X-ray luminosity and spectrum predicted by the microquasar model are consistent with the observed properties of most ULXs. We predict that the radio synchrotron jet emission is too faint to be detected at the typical threshold of radio surveys to date. This is consistent with the high rate of non-detections over detections in radio counterpart searches. Conversely, we conclude that the observed radio emission found associated with a few ULXs cannot be due to beamed synchrotron emission from a relativistic jet. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Freeland, M (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM mcf35@cam.ac.uk; z.kuncic@physics.usyd.edu.au; rs1@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; geoff@mso.anu.edu.au RI Kuncic, Zdenka/B-4464-2008 NR 93 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 2 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10750.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093GU UT WOS:000241157100010 ER PT J AU Broderick, AE Rathore, Y AF Broderick, Avery E. Rathore, Yasser TI A multidimensional, adiabatic hydrodynamics code for studying tidal excitation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; binaries : close; white dwarfs ID CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; RAPIDLY ROTATING STARS; BLACK-HOLE; BINARIES AB We have developed a massively parallel, simple and fast hydrodynamics code for multidimensional, self-gravitating and adiabatic flows. Our primary motivation is the study of the non-linear development of white dwarf oscillations excited via tidal resonances, typically over hundreds of stellar dynamical times. Consequently, we require long-term stability, low diffusivity and high-numerical efficiency. This is accomplished by an Eulerian finite-difference scheme on a regular Cartesian grid. This choice of coordinates provides uniform resolution throughout the flow as well as simplifying the computation of the self-gravitational potential, which is done via spectral methods. In this paper, we describe the numerical scheme and present the results of some common diagnostic problems. We also demonstrate the stability of a cold white dwarf in three dimensions over hundreds of dynamical times. Finally, we compare the results of the numerical scheme to the linear theory of adiabatic oscillations, finding numerical quality factors on the order of 6000 and excellent agreement with the oscillation frequency obtained by the linear analysis. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Broderick, AE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St,MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM abroderick@cfa.harvard.edu; yasser.rathore@gmail.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 2 BP 923 EP 932 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10900.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093GU UT WOS:000241157100033 ER PT J AU Riechers, DA Walter, F Carilli, CL Knudsen, KK Lo, KY Benford, DJ Staguhn, JG Hunter, TR Bertoldi, F Henkel, C Menten, KM Weiss, A Yun, MS Scoville, NZ AF Riechers, Dominik A. Walter, Fabian Carilli, Christopher L. Knudsen, Kirsten K. Lo, K. Y. Benford, Dominic J. Staguhn, Johannes G. Hunter, Todd R. Bertoldi, Frank Henkel, Christian Menten, Karl M. Weiss, Axel Yun, Min S. Scoville, Nick Z. TI Co(1-0) in z greater than or similar to 4 quasar host galaxies: No evidence for extended molecular gas reservoirs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : active; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst ID INFRARED-LUMINOUS GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; LYMAN-ALPHA EMITTERS; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; APM 08279+5255; STAR-FORMATION; DUST EMISSION; STELLAR OBJECT; RADIO GALAXY; CO EMISSION AB We present (CO)-C-12(J = 1 -> 0) observations of the high-redshift quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) BR 1202-0725 (z = 4.69), PSS J2322+1944 (z = 4.12), and APM 08279+5255 (z = 3.91) using the NRAO Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and the MPIfR Effelsberg 100 m telescope. We detect, for the first time, the CO ground-level transition in BR 1202-0725. For PSS J2322+1944 and APM 08279+5255, our observations result in line fluxes that are consistent with previous NRAO Very Large Array (VLA) observations, but they reveal the full line profiles. We report a typical lensing-corrected velocity-integrated intrinsic (CO)-C-12(J = 1 -> 0) line luminosity of L '(CO) 5 x 10(10) K kms(-1) pc(2) and a typical total H-2 mass of M(H-2) 4 x 10(10) M-circle dot for the sources in our sample. The CO/FIR luminosity ratios of these high-z sources follow the same trend as seen for low-z galaxies, leading to a combined solution of log L-FIR (1.39 +/- 0.05) log L-CO - 1.76. It has previously been suggested that the molecular gas reservoirs in some quasar host galaxies may exhibit luminous, extended 12 CO(J = 1 -> 0) components that are not observed in the higher J CO transitions. Using the line profiles and the total intensities of our observations and large velocity gradient (LVG) models based on previous results for higher J CO transitions, we derive that emission from all CO transitions is described well by a single gas component in which all molecular gas is concentrated in a compact nuclear region. Thus, our observations and models show no indication of a luminous extended, low surface brightness molecular gas component in any of the high-redshift QSOs in our sample. If such extended components exist, their contribution to the overall luminosity is limited to at most 30%. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observ Cosmol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Riechers, DA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Knudsen, Kirsten Kraiberg/0000-0002-7821-8873 NR 55 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 604 EP 613 DI 10.1086/507014 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700007 ER PT J AU Cheung, CC Stawarz, L Siemiginowska, A AF Cheung, C. C. Stawarz, L. Siemiginowska, A. TI Confronting X-ray emission models with the highest redshift kiloparsec-scale jets: The z=3.89 jet in quasar 1745+624 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; quasars : general; quasars : individual (1745+624); radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO HOT-SPOTS; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SKY SURVEY; QUASAR GB-1508+5714; MOTION STATISTICS; OPTICAL-EMISSION; LOUD QUASARS AB A newly identified kiloparsec-scale X-ray jet in the high-redshift z = 3.89 quasar 1745+624 is studied with multifrequency radio, HST, and Chandra X-ray imaging data. This is only the third large-scale X-ray jet beyond z > 3 known and is further distinguished as being the most luminous relativistic jet observed at any redshift, exceeding 10(45) ergs s(-1) in both the radio and X-ray bands. Apart from the jet's extreme redshift and luminosity, its basic properties, such as X-ray/radio morphology, radio polarization, and the convex broadband spectral energy distributions of three distinct knots are also similar to lower z examples. Relativistically beamed inverse Compton and "nonstandard'' synchrotron models have been considered to account for such excess X-ray emission in other jets; both models are applicable here, but with differing requirements for the underlying jet physical properties, such as velocity, energetics, and electron acceleration processes. One potentially very important distinguishing characteristic between the two models is their strongly diverging predictions for the X-ray/radio emission with increasing redshift. This is considered, although with the limited sample of three z > 3 jets it is apparent that future studies targeted at very high-redshift jets are required for further elucidation. Finally, from the broadband jet emission we estimate the jet kinetic power to be no less than 10(46) ergs s(-1), which is about 10% of the Eddington luminosity corresponding to this galaxy's central supermassive black hole mass M-BH greater than or similar to 10(9) M-circle dot estimated here via the virial relation. The optical luminosity of the quasar core is about 10 times over Eddington, hence the inferred jet power seems to be much less than that available from mass accretion. The apparent super-Eddington accretion rate may, however, suggest contribution of an unresolved jet in the observed optical nucleus. C1 Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Part Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Landessternwarte Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cheung, CC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Part Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM teddy3c@stanford.edu NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 679 EP 692 DI 10.1086/506908 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700013 ER PT J AU Cox, TJ Dutta, SN Di Matteo, T Hernquist, L Hopkins, PF Robertson, B Springel, V AF Cox, T. J. Dutta, Suvendra N. Di Matteo, Tiziana Hernquist, Lars Hopkins, Philip F. Robertson, Brant Springel, Volker TI The kinematic structure of merger remnants SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular; cD, galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions; methods : n-body simulations ID QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; BLACK-HOLES; ISOPHOTE SHAPES; MAJOR MERGERS AB We use numerical simulations to study the kinematic structure of remnants formed from mergers of equal-mass disk galaxies. In particular, we show that remnants of dissipational mergers, which include the radiative cooling of gas, star formation, feedback from supernovae, and the growth of supermassive black holes, are smaller, rounder, have, on average, a larger central velocity dispersion, and show significant rotation compared to remnants of dissipationless mergers. The increased rotation speed of dissipational remnants owes its origin to star formation that occurs in the central regions during the galaxy merger. We have further quantified the anisotropy, three-dimensional shape, minor-axis rotation, and isophotal shape of each merger remnant, finding that dissipational remnants are more isotropic, closer to oblate, have the majority of their rotation along their major axis, and are more disky than dissipationless remnants. Individual remnants display a wide variety of kinematic properties. A large fraction of the dissipational remnants are oblate isotropic rotators. Many dissipational remnants, and all of the dissipationless ones, are slowly rotating and anisotropic. The remnants of gas-rich major mergers can well reproduce the observed distribution of projected ellipticities, rotation parameter (V/sigma)(*), kinematic misalignments, psi, and isophotal shapes. The dissipationless remnants are a poor match to this data. We also investigate the properties of merger remnants as a function of initial disk gas fraction, orbital angular momentum, and the mass of the progenitor galaxies. Our results support the merger hypothesis for the origin of low-luminosity elliptical galaxies provided that the progenitor disks are sufficiently gas-rich, however our remnants are a poor match to the bright ellipticals that are slowly rotating and uniformly boxy. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Cox, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Di Matteo, Tiziana/O-4762-2014 OI Di Matteo, Tiziana/0000-0002-6462-5734 NR 105 TC 248 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 791 EP 811 DI 10.1086/507474 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700022 ER PT J AU Fabbiano, G Kim, DW Fragos, T Kalogera, V King, AR Angelini, L Davies, RL Gallagher, JS Pellegrini, S Trinchieri, G Zepf, SE Zezas, A AF Fabbiano, G. Kim, D. -W. Fragos, T. Kalogera, V. King, A. R. Angelini, L. Davies, R. L. Gallagher, J. S. Pellegrini, S. Trinchieri, G. Zepf, S. E. Zezas, A. TI The modulated emission of the ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 3379 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual ( NGC 3379); X-rays : binaries ID MASS BLACK-HOLES; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; OBSERVATIONAL APPEARANCE; MAGNETIC BRAKING; BINARY-SYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; POPULATION; DISTANCES AB We report recent Chandra observations of the ULX in the elliptical galaxy NGC 3379 that clearly detect two flux variability cycles. Comparing these data with the Chandra observation of similar to 5 years ago, we measure a flux modulation with a period of similar to 12.6 hr. Moreover, we find that the emission undergoes a correlated spectral modulation, becoming softer at low flux. We argue that our results establish this source as a ULX binary in NGC 3379. Given the old stellar population of this galaxy, the ULX is likely to be a soft transient; however, historical X-ray sampling suggests that the current "on'' phase has lasted similar to 10 yr. We discuss our results in terms of ADC and wind-feedback models. If the flux modulation is orbital, we can constrain the donor mass and orbital period at the onset of mass transfer within 1.15-1.4 M-circle dot and 12.5-17 hr, respectively. The duration of the mass transfer phase so far is probably similar to 1 Gyr, and the binary has been a soft X-ray transient throughout this time. These constraints are insensitive to the mass of the accretor. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fabbiano, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gfabbiano@cfa.harvard.edu; kim@cfa.harvard.edu; tassosfragos@northwestern.edu; vicky@northwestern.edu; ark@star.le.ac.uk; angelini@davide.gsfc.nasa.gov; rld@astro.ox.ac.uk; jsg@astro.wisc.edu; silvia.pellegrini@unibo.it; ginevra@brera.mi.astro.it; zepf@pa.msu.edu; azezas@cfa.harvard.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; Fragos, Tassos/A-3581-2016 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X; Fragos, Tassos/0000-0003-1474-1523 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 879 EP 884 DI 10.1086/507018 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700028 ER PT J AU Reid, MA Wilson, CD AF Reid, Michael A. Wilson, Christine D. TI High-mass star formation. III. The functional form of the submillimeter clump mass function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : structure; methods : data analysis; stars : formation; submillimeter ID MOLECULAR CLOUD; STELLAR CLUSTERS; 850 MICRONS; FRAGMENTATION; TURBULENT; CONTINUUM; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; SPECTRUM; REGIONS AB We investigate the mass function of cold, dusty clumps in 11 low- and high-mass star-forming regions. Using a homogeneous fitting technique, we analyze the shape of each region's clump mass function and examine the commonalities among them. We find that the submillimeter continuum clump mass function in low- mass star-forming regions is typically best fitted by a lognormal distribution, while that in high-mass star-forming regions is better fitted by a double power law. A single power-law clump mass distribution is ruled out in all cases. Fitting all of the regions with a double power law, we find that the mean power-law exponent at the high-mass end of each mass function is alpha(high) = -2.4 +/- 0.1, consistent with the Salpeter result of alpha = -2.35. We find no region-to-region trend in alpha(high) with the mass scale of the clumps in a given region, as characterized by their median mass. Similarly, nonparametric tests show that the shape of the clump mass function does not change much from region to region, despite the obvious changes in the intrinsic mass scale. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the clump mass distribution is determined by a highly stochastic process, such as turbulent fragmentation. It may also suggest that the data reduction and analysis techniques strongly affect the shape of the derived mass function. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Reid, MA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 970 EP 984 DI 10.1086/507019 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700036 ER PT J AU Young, PR Dupree, AK Espey, BR Kenyon, SJ AF Young, P. R. Dupree, A. K. Espey, B. R. Kenyon, S. J. TI High-ionization forbidden lines in the UV spectrum of AG Draconis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : symbiotic; circumstellar matter; line : identification; stars : individual (AG Draconis); ultraviolet : stars ID FINE-STRUCTURE LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; SYMBIOTIC STARS; RADIO-EMISSION; IRON PROJECT; R-AQUARII; RATES; JET; SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET AB High-ionization forbidden lines from Ca VII, Fe VII, Mg V, Mg VI, Mg VII, and Si VII are found in recent Hubble Space Telescope STIS ultraviolet spectra of the symbiotic star AG Draconis. These species have ionization potentials between 99 and 205 eV, which are unexpected due to the high density (approximate to 10(10) cm(-3)) of the AG Dra nebula. The identification of the Mg VII lambda lambda 2510, 2629 lines is the first in astrophysical or laboratory spectra, and revised rest wavelengths are suggested from the STIS spectra. Plasma diagnostics from Mg V-VII are applied, but do not provide a consistent constraint on temperature or density. A density >= 10(8) cm(-3) is confirmed, however. The lines show double-peaked profiles with widths approximate to 100-160 km s(-1), suggestive of an origin in an accretion disk. However, the line widths, if identified with motion in a Keplerian disk, indicate radii much smaller than sizes inferred from the line fluxes themselves. The source of these high-ionization forbidden lines remains unidentified. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Astrophys Sect, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Young, PR (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. OI Espey, Brian/0000-0002-2457-1380; Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 1091 EP 1095 DI 10.1086/506584 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700046 ER PT J AU Saio, H Kuschnig, R Gautschy, A Cameron, C Walker, GAH Matthews, JM Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF Saio, H. Kuschnig, R. Gautschy, A. Cameron, C. Walker, G. A. H. Matthews, J. M. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. Weiss, W. W. TI MOST detects g- and p-modes in the B supergiant HD 163899 (B2 Ib/II) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : early-type; stars : individual (HD 163899); stars : oscillations; supergiants ID SPACE-BASED PHOTOMETRY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MASSIVE STARS; PULSATIONAL INSTABILITY; NONRADIAL OSCILLATIONS; EVOLUTION; VARIABLES; OPACITY; VARIABILITY; HIPPARCOS AB The Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars ( MOST) satellite observed the B supergiant HD 163899 (B2 Ib/II) for 37 days as a guide star and detected 48 frequencies less than or similar to 2.8 cycles day(-1) with amplitudes of a few millimagnitudes (mmag) and less. The frequency range embraces g- and p-mode pulsations. It was generally thought that no g- modes are excited in less luminous B supergiants because strong radiative damping is expected in the core. Our theoretical models, however, show that such g- modes are excited in massive post-main-sequence stars, in accordance with these observations. The nonradial pulsations excited in models between 20 M-circle dot at log T-eff approximate to 4.41 and 15 M-circle dot at log Teff approximate to 4: 36 are roughly consistent with the observed frequency range. Excitation by the Fe bump in opacity is possible because g-modes can be partially reflected at a convective zone associated with the hydrogen- burning shell, which significantly reduces radiative damping in the core. The MOST light curve of HD 163899 shows that such a reflection of g-modes actually occurs and reveals the existence of a previously unrecognized type of variable, slowly pulsating B supergiants (SPBsg) distinct from alpha Cyg variables. Such g-modes have great potential for asteroseismology. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Observ Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Saio, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM saio@astr.tohuku.ac.jp; kuschnig@astro.phys.ubc.ca; alfred@gautschy.ch; ccameron@phas.ubc.ca; gordonwa@uvic.ca; matthews@phas.ubc.ca; guenther@ap.stmarys.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; weiss@astro.univie.ac.at NR 39 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 1111 EP 1118 DI 10.1086/507409 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700048 ER PT J AU Bakos, GA Knutson, H Pont, F Moutou, C Charbonneau, D Shporer, A Bouchy, F Everett, M Hergenrother, C Latham, DW Mayor, M Mazeh, T Noyes, RW Queloz, D Pal, A Udry, S AF Bakos, G. A. Knutson, H. Pont, F. Moutou, C. Charbonneau, D. Shporer, A. Bouchy, F. Everett, M. Hergenrother, C. Latham, D. W. Mayor, M. Mazeh, T. Noyes, R. W. Queloz, D. Pal, A. Udry, S. TI Refined parameters of the planet orbiting HD 189733 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 189733) ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; LUMINOSITY OBJECT TRANSITS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANET; GALACTIC DISK; HOT-JUPITERS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; 2001 CAMPAIGN; PHOTOMETRY; STARS; SEARCH AB We report on the BVRI multiband follow-up photometry of the transiting extrasolar planet HD 189733b. We revise the transit parameters and find a planetary radius of RP 1.154 +/- 0.033R(J) and an inclination of i(P) 85.degrees 79 +/- 0.degrees 24. The new density (similar to 1 g cm(-3)) is significantly higher than the former estimate (similar to 0.75 g cm(-3)); this shows that from the current sample of nine transiting planets, only HD 209458 (and possibly OGLE-10b) have anomalously large radii and low densities. We note that due to the proximity of its parent star, HD 189733b currently has one of the most precise radius determinations among extrasolar planets. We calculate new ephemerides, P 2: 218573 +/- 0: 000020 days and T(0) = 2453629.39420 +/- 0.00024 (HJD), and estimate the timing offsets of the 11 distinct transits with respect to the predictions of a constant orbital period, which can be used to reveal the presence of additional planets in the system. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Chavannes Des Bois, Switzerland. Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13013 Marseille, France. Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel, France. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RP Bakos, GA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu NR 47 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 1160 EP 1171 DI 10.1086/506316 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700053 ER PT J AU Kennedy, GM Kenyon, SJ Bromley, BC AF Kennedy, Grant M. Kenyon, Scott J. Bromley, Benjamin C. TI Planet formation around low-mass stars: The moving snow line and super-Earths SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : evolution; stars : formation ID MAIN-SEQUENCE TRACKS; SOLAR NEBULA; OLIGARCHIC GROWTH; DWARF DISKS; YOUNG STARS; ACCRETION; PLANETESIMALS; DUST; PROTOPLANETS; ASSOCIATION AB We develop a semianalytic model for planet formation during the pre-main-sequence contraction phase of a low-mass star. During this evolution, the stellar magnetosphere maintains a fixed ratio between the inner disk radius and the stellar radius. As the star contracts at constant effective temperature, the "snow line," which separates regions of rocky planet formation from regions of icy planet formation, moves inward. This process enables rapid formation of icy protoplanets that collide and merge into super-Earths before the star reaches the main sequence. The masses and orbits of these super-Earths are consistent with super-Earths detected in recent microlensing experiments. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Planetary Sci Inst, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kennedy, GM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM grant@mso.anu.edu.au; kenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; bromley@physics.utah.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Kennedy, Grant/0000-0001-6831-7547 NR 42 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP L139 EP L142 DI 10.1086/508882 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CE UT WOS:000241497800012 ER PT J AU Block, DL Bournaud, F Combes, F Groess, R Barmby, P Ashby, MLN Fazio, GG Pahre, MA Willner, SP AF Block, D. L. Bournaud, F. Combes, F. Groess, R. Barmby, P. Ashby, M. L. N. Fazio, G. G. Pahre, M. A. Willner, S. P. TI An almost head-on collision as the origin of two off-centre rings in the Andromeda galaxy SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID IONIZED-GAS; M31; KINEMATICS; FIELD; MODEL AB The unusual morphology of the Andromeda galaxy ( Messier 31, the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way) has long been an enigma. Although regarded for decades as showing little evidence of a violent history, M31 has a well-known(1-7) outer ring of star formation at a radius of ten kiloparsecs whose centre is offset from the galaxy nucleus. In addition, the outer galaxy disk is warped, as seen at both optical(8) and radio(9) wavelengths. The halo contains numerous loops and ripples. Here we report the presence of a second, inner dust ring with projected dimensions of 1.5 x 1 kiloparsecs and offset by about half a kiloparsec from the centre of the galaxy (based upon an analysis of previously-obtained data(10)). The two rings appear to be density waves propagating in the disk. Numerical simulations indicate that both rings result from a companion galaxy plunging through the centre of the disk of M31. The most likely interloper is M32. Head-on collisions between galaxies are rare, but it appears nonetheless that one took place 210 million years ago in our Local Group of galaxies. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Computat & Appl Math, Anglo Amer Cosm Dust Lab, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Block, DL (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Computat & Appl Math, Anglo Amer Cosm Dust Lab, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. EM block@cam.wits.ac.za RI Bournaud, Frederic/K-1263-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 30 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7113 BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1038/nature05184 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 096FJ UT WOS:000241362700045 PM 17051212 ER PT J AU Campbell, DB Campbell, BA Carter, LM Margot, JL Stacy, NJS AF Campbell, Donald B. Campbell, Bruce A. Carter, Lynn M. Margot, Jean-Luc Stacy, Nicholas J. S. TI No evidence for thick deposits of ice at the lunar south pole SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID WATER ICE; RADAR; MERCURY; SATELLITES; REGOLITH; SURFACE; MOON AB Shackleton crater at the Moon's south pole has been suggested as a possible site of concentrated deposits of water ice, on the basis of modelling of bi-static radar polarization properties and interpretations of earlier Earth-based radar images(1,2). This suggestion, and parallel assumptions about other topographic cold traps, is a significant element in planning for future lunar landings. Hydrogen enhancements have been identified in the polar regions(3), but these data do not identify the host species or its local distribution. The earlier Earth-based radar data lack the resolution and coverage for detailed studies of the relationship between radar scattering properties, cold traps in permanently shadowed areas, and local terrain features such as the walls and ejecta of small craters. Here we present new 20-m resolution, 13-cm-wavelength radar images that show no evidence for concentrated deposits of water ice in Shackleton crater or elsewhere at the south pole. The polarization properties normally associated with reflections from icy surfaces in the Solar System(4-6) were found at all the observed latitudes and are strongly correlated with the rockstrewn walls and ejecta of young craters, including the inner wall of Shackleton. There is no correlation between the polarization properties and the degree of solar illumination. If the hydrogen enhancement observed by the Lunar Prospector orbiter(3) indicates the presence of water ice, then our data are consistent with the ice being present only as disseminated grains in the lunar regolith. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. RP Campbell, DB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM campbell@astro.cornell.edu RI Margot, Jean-Luc/A-6154-2012; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 OI Margot, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-9798-1797; NR 24 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7113 BP 835 EP 837 DI 10.1038/nature05167 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 096FJ UT WOS:000241362700046 PM 17051213 ER PT J AU Kensley, B Schotte, M AF Kensley, Brian Schotte, Marilyn TI Pelagic shrimp (Crustacea : Decapoda) from shelf and oceanic waters in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID COAST AB Thirty-two species of pelagic decapod shrimps are recorded from 57 stations off the southeastern coast of South Africa. The material was trawled from between 200 in and the surface. The assemblage includes typical shelf forms like Solenocera africana Stebbing, 1917 and Pasiphaea semispinosa Holthuis, 1951, as well as typically oceanic species of Sergestes H. Milne Edwards, 1830, Sergia Stimpson, 1860 and Gennadas Bate, 1881. Several species seem to co-occur consistently, especially in the oceanic component of the fauna. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kensley, B (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM schottem@si.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 3 BP 384 EP 394 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[384:PSCDFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 101AA UT WOS:000241710100006 ER PT J AU Juarros, E Kirby, K Cote, R AF Juarros, Elizabeth Kirby, Kate Cote, Robin TI Laser-assisted ultracold lithium-hydride molecule formation: stimulated versus spontaneous emission SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATOMS; GAS; (LIH)-LI-7; HYDROGEN; STATE; LIH AB We investigate the feasibility of forming ultracold LiH from a mixture of the ultracold atomic gases, by using B-1 Pi as an intermediate state in the photoassociation process. Using accurate molecular potential energy curves and dipole transition moments, we calculate and compare two possible schemes to populate vibrational levels of the ground electronic state, X-1 Sigma(+): (1) two-photon stimulated radiative association and (2) excitation to bound levels of the B-1 Pi state, followed by spontaneous emission to the X-1 Sigma(+) state. With laser intensities and atomic densities that are easily attainable experimentally, we find that significant quantities of molecules can be formed in various v, J levels of the electronic ground state. We examine the spontaneous emission cascade which takes place from the upper vibrational levels on a time scale of milliseconds. We discuss the issue of back-stimulation for the two-photon process and ways to mitigate it. Because photon emission in the cascade process does not contribute to trap loss, a sizable population of molecules in v = 0 can be achieved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Juarros, E (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, 2152 Hillside Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM rcote@phys.uconn.edu NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 19 BP S965 EP S979 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/19/S11 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101US UT WOS:000241766900012 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JS Jones, HRA Tinney, CG Butler, RP McCarthy, C Marcy, GW Pinfield, DJ Carter, BD Penny, AJ AF Jenkins, J. S. Jones, H. R. A. Tinney, C. G. Butler, R. P. McCarthy, C. Marcy, G. W. Pinfield, D. J. Carter, B. D. Penny, A. J. TI An activity catalogue of southern stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; planetary systems; ultraviolet : stars ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; CA-II H; ANGLO-AUSTRALIAN PLANET; LOWER MAIN-SEQUENCE; COOL STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; STELLAR-ACTIVITY; CORALIE SURVEY; SEARCH AB We have acquired high-resolution echelle spectra of 225 F6-M5 type stars in the Southern hemisphere. The stars are targets or candidates to be targets for the Anglo-Australian Planet Search. Ca II H& K line cores were used to derive activity indices for all of these objects. The indices were converted to the Mt. Wilson system of measurements and log R'(HK) values determined. A number of these stars had no previously derived activity indices. In addition, we have also included the stars from Tinney et al. using our Mt. Wilson calibration. The radial-velocity instability (also known as jitter) level was determined for all 21 planet-host stars in our data set. We find the jitter to be at a level considerably below the radial-velocity signatures in all but one of these systems. 19 stars from our sample were found to be active (logR'(HK) > -4.5) and thus have high levels of jitter. Radial-velocity analysis for planetary companions to these stars should proceed with caution. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ So Queensland, Fac Sci, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jenkins, JS (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM jsj@star.herts.ac.uk RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009; Jenkins, James/I-5284-2016; OI Tinney, Christopher/0000-0002-7595-0970 NR 32 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 1 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10811.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 088PO UT WOS:000240823800013 ER PT J AU Ascasibar, Y Markevitch, M AF Ascasibar, Yago Markevitch, Maxim TI The origin of cold fronts in the cores of relaxed galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; hydrodynamics; instabilities; methods : numerical; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID CHANDRA OBSERVATION; PERSEUS CLUSTER; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HEAT-CONDUCTION; TEMPERATURE; MERGERS; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE AB Chandra X-ray observations revealed the presence of cold fronts ( sharp contact discontinuities between gas regions with different temperatures and densities) in the centers of many, if not most, relaxed clusters with cool cores. We use high-resolution simulations of idealized cluster mergers to show that they are due to sloshing of the cool gas in the central gravitational potential, which is easily set off by minor mergers and can persist for gigayears. The only necessary condition is a steep entropy profile, as observed in cooling flow clusters. Even if the infalling subcluster has no gas during core passage, the gravitational disturbance sets the main mass peak ( gas and dark matter together) in motion relative to the surrounding gas. A rapid change in the direction of motion causes a change in ram pressure, which pushes the cool gas away from the dark matter peak and triggers sloshing. For nonzero impact parameters, the cool gas acquires angular momentum, resulting in a characteristic spiral pattern of cold fronts. There is little visible disturbance outside the cool core in such a merger. If the subcluster retains its gas during core passage, the cool central gas of the main cluster is more easily decoupled from the dark matter peak. Subsequently, some of that gas, and often the cool gas from the subcluster, falls back to the center and starts sloshing. However, in such a merger, global disturbances are readily visible in X-rays for a long time. We conclude that cold fronts at the centers of relaxed clusters, often spiral or concentric arc in shape, are probably caused by encounters with small subhalos stripped of all of their gas at the early infall stages. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Ascasibar, Y (reprint author), Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. EM yago@aip.de OI Ascasibar Sequeiros, Yago/0000-0003-1577-2479 NR 40 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP 102 EP 127 DI 10.1086/506508 PN 1 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TR UT WOS:000241193400009 ER PT J AU Kravtsov, AV Vikhlinin, A Nagai, D AF Kravtsov, Andrey V. Vikhlinin, Alexey Nagai, Daisuke TI A new robust low-scatter X-ray mass indicator for clusters of galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; methods : numerical; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID M-T RELATION; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; TEMPERATURE FUNCTION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; DARK ENERGY; BARYON MASS; FLUCTUATION SPECTRUM; INTERGALACTIC GAS; STAR-FORMATION; EVOLUTION AB We present a comparison of X-ray proxies for the total cluster mass, M-500, including the spectral temperature ( T-X), gas mass measured within r(500) ( M-g,M-500), and the new proxy, Y-X, which is a simple product of TX and M-g,M-500 and is related to the total thermal energy of the ICM. We use mock Chandra images constructed for a sample of clusters simulated with the Eulerian N-body+gasdynamics adaptive mesh refinement ART code in the concordance Lambda CDM cosmology. The simulations achieve high spatial and mass resolution and include radiative cooling, star formation, and other processes accompanying galaxy formation. Our analysis shows that simulated clusters exhibit a high degree of regularity and tight correlations between the considered observables and total mass. The normalizations of the M-500-T-X, M-g,(500)-T-X, and M-500-Y-X relations agree to better than approximate to 10% - 15% with the current observational measurements of these relations. Our results show that YX is the best mass proxy with a remarkably low scatter of only approximate to 5% - 7% in M-500 for a fixed YX, at both low and high redshifts and regardless of whether clusters are relaxed or not. In addition, we show that redshift evolution of the Y-X-M-500 relation is close to the self-similar prediction, which makes YX a very attractive mass indicator for measurements of the cluster mass function from X-ray-selected samples. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kravtsov, AV (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM andrey@oddjob.uchicago.edu NR 64 TC 273 Z9 273 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1086/506319 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TR UT WOS:000241193400010 ER PT J AU Young, LM Rosolowsky, E van Gorkom, JH Lamb, SA AF Young, L. M. Rosolowsky, E. van Gorkom, J. H. Lamb, S. A. TI The evolution of the interstellar medium in the mildly disturbed spiral galaxy NGC 4647 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (NGC 4647); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : spiral; ISM : molecules ID VIRGO CLUSTER; STAR-FORMATION; LOPSIDED GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ROTATION CURVES; CO EMISSION; H-ALPHA; GAS; PRESSURE; ACCRETION AB We present matched-resolution maps of H I and CO emission in the Virgo Cluster spiral NGC 4647. The galaxy shows a mild kinematic disturbance in which one side of the rotation curve flattens but the other side continues to rise. This kinematic asymmetry is coupled with a dramatic asymmetry in the molecular gas distribution but not in the atomic gas. An analysis of the gas column densities and the interstellar pressure suggests that the H-2/H I surface density ratio on the east side of the galaxy is 3 times higher than expected from the hydrostatic pressure contributed by the mass of the stellar disk. We discuss the probable effects of ram pressure, gravitational interactions, and asymmetric potentials on the interstellar medium and suggest it is likely that a m 1 perturbation in the gravitational potential could be responsible for all of the galaxy's features. Kinematic disturbances of the type seen here are common, but the curious thing about NGC 4647 is that the molecular distribution appears more disturbed than the Hi distribution. Thus, it is the combination of the two gas phases that provides such interesting insight into the galaxy's history and into models of the interstellar medium. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Young, LM (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM lyoung@physics.nmt.edu; erosolow@cfa.harvard.edu; jvangork@astro.columbia.edu; slamb@astro.uiuc.edu NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP 166 EP 179 DI 10.1086/506959 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TR UT WOS:000241193400013 ER PT J AU Bouchet, P Dwek, E Danziger, J Arendt, RG De Buizer, IJM Park, S Suntzeff, NB Kirshner, RP Challis, P AF Bouchet, Patrice Dwek, Eli Danziger, John Arendt, Richard G. De Buizer, I. James M. Park, Sangwook Suntzeff, Nicholas B. Kirshner, Robert P. Challis, Peter TI SN 1987A after 18 years: Mid-infrared gemini and Spitzer observations of the remnant SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : ISM; supernovae : individual (SN 1987A); supernova remnants ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SN 1987A; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; INTERSTELLAR DUST; CIRCUMSTELLAR RING; INFRARED-EMISSION; RADIO REMNANT; CASSIOPEIA-A; ABUNDANCES AB Using the Gemini South 8 m telescope, we obtained high-resolution 11.7 and 18.3 mu m mid-IR images of SN 1987A on day 6526 since the explosion. All the emission arises from the equatorial ring. Nearly contemporaneous spectra obtained at 5-38 mu m with the Spitzer Space Telescope show that this is thermal emission from silicate dust that condensed out in the red giant wind of the progenitor star. The dust temperature is 166(-12)(+18) K, and the emitting dust mass is 2.6(-1.4)(+2.0) x 10(-6) M-circle dot. Comparison of the Gemini 11.7 mu m image with Chandra X-ray images, HST UV-optical images, and ATCA radio synchrotron images shows generally good correlation across all wavelengths. If the dust resides in the diffuse X-ray-emitting gas then it is collisionally heated. The IR emission can then be used to derive the plasma temperature and density, which were found to be in good agreement with those inferred from the X-rays. Alternatively, the dust could reside in the dense UV-optical knots and be heated by the radiative shocks that are propagating through the knots. In either case the dust-to-gas mass ratio in the CSM around the supernova is significantly lower than that in the general interstellar medium of the LMC, suggesting either a low condensation efficiency in the wind of the progenitor star or the efficient destruction of the dust by the SN blast wave. Overall, we are witnessing the interaction of the SN blast wave with its surrounding medium, creating an environment that is rapidly evolving at all wavelengths. C1 Observ Paris, GEPI, F-92195 Meudon, France. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, La Serena, Chile. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. AURA Inc, Gemini Observ, So Operat Ctr, La Serena, Chile. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bouchet, P (reprint author), Observ Paris, GEPI, Site Meudon,5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM patrice.bouchet@obspm.fr OI Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548 NR 57 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP 212 EP 227 DI 10.1086/505929 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TR UT WOS:000241193400018 ER PT J AU Sasseen, TP Hurwitz, M Lisse, CM Kharchenko, V Christian, D Wolk, SJ Sirk, MM Dalgarno, A AF Sasseen, T. P. Hurwitz, M. Lisse, C. M. Kharchenko, V. Christian, D. Wolk, S. J. Sirk, M. M. Dalgarno, A. TI A search for extreme-ultraviolet emission from comets with the Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (CHIPS) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets : general; comets : individual (C/2002 T7 (LINEAR), C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)); ultraviolet : solar system ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; ALL-SKY SURVEY; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; NEUTRAL ATOM; C/1999 S4; IONS; SPECTRA; VENUS AB We have obtained EUV spectra between 90 and 255 8 of the comets C/2002 T7 ( LINEAR), C/2001 Q4 ( NEAT), and C/2004 Q2 ( Machholz) near their perihelion passages in 2004 with the Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer ( CHIPS). We obtained contemporaneous data on NEAT with the Chandra ACIS instrument, marking the first simultaneous EUV and X-ray spectral observations of a comet. The total CHIPS/EUV observing times were 337 ks for NEAT, 234 ks for LINEAR, and 483 ks for Machholz, and for both CHIPS and Chandra we calculate we have captured all the comet flux in the instrument field of view. We set upper limits on solar wind charge-exchange emission lines of O, C, N, Ne, and Fe occurring in the spectral bandpass of CHIPS. The spectrum of NEAT obtained with Chandra can be reproduced by modeling emission lines of C, N, O, Mg, Fe, Si, S, and Ne solar wind ions. The measured X-ray emission-line intensities are consistent with our predictions from a solar wind charge-exchangemodel. The model predictions for the EUV emission-line intensities are determined from the intensity ratios of the cascading X-ray and EUV photons arising in the charge-exchange processes. They are compatible with the measured limits on the intensities of the EUV lines. For NEAT, we measured a total X-ray flux of 3: 7; 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) and derive from model predictions a total EUV flux of 1: 5; 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). The CHIPS observations occurred predominantly while the satellite was on the dayside of Earth. For much of the observing time, CHIPS performed observations at smaller solar angles than it was designed for, and EUV emission from the Sun scattered into the instrument limited the sensitivity of the EUV measurements. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Sasseen, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM tims@physics.ucsb.edu RI Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Christian, Damian/0000-0003-1746-3020 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1086/507086 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TR UT WOS:000241193400040 ER PT J AU Barmby, P Ashby, MLN Bianchi, L Engelbracht, CW Gehrz, RD Gordon, KD Hinz, JL Huchra, JP Humphreys, RM Pahre, MA Perez-Gonzalez, PG Polomski, EF Rieke, GH Thilker, DA Willner, SP Woodward, CE AF Barmby, P. Ashby, M. L. N. Bianchi, L. Engelbracht, C. W. Gehrz, R. D. Gordon, K. D. Hinz, J. L. Huchra, J. P. Humphreys, R. M. Pahre, M. A. Perez-Gonzalez, P. G. Polomski, E. F. Rieke, G. H. Thilker, D. A. Willner, S. P. Woodward, C. E. TI Dusty waves on a starry sea: The mid-infrared view of M31 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : stellar content; infrared : galaxies ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ANDROMEDA GALAXY; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; HALO; CALIBRATION; MODELS; IRAC; DISK AB Mid-infrared observations of the Andromeda galaxy, M31, obtained with the Infrared Array Camera on board the Spitzer Space Telescope are presented. The image mosaics cover areas of approximately and include 3 degrees.7 x 1 degrees.6 the satellite galaxies M32 and NGC 205. The appearance of M31 varies dramatically in the different mid-infrared bands, from the smooth bulge and disk of the old stellar population seen at 3.6 mu m to the well-known "10 kpc ring" dominating the 8 mu m image. The similarity of the 3.6 mm and optical isophotes and the nearly constant optical-mid-infrared color over the inner 400" confirm that there is no significant extinction at optical wavelengths in M31's bulge. The nuclear colors indicate the presence of dust but not an infrared-bright active galactic nucleus. The integrated 8 mu m nonstellar luminosity implies a star formation rate of 0.4 M-circle dot, yr(-1), consistent with other indicators that show M31 to be a quiescent galaxy. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Barmby, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 65, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pbarmby@cfa.harvard.edu; mashby@cfa.harvard.edu; bianchi@pha.jhu.edu; cengelbracht@as.arizona.edu; gehrz@astro.umn.edu; kgordon@as.arizona.edu; jhinz@as.arizona.edu; huchra@cfa.harvard.edu; roberta@aps.umn.edu; mpahre@cfa.harvard.edu; pgperez@as.arizona.edu; chelsea@astro.umn.edu; grieke@as.arizona.edu; dthilker@pha.jhu.edu; willner@cfa.harvard.edu; elwood@astro.umn.edu RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/J-2871-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0003-4528-5639 NR 34 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP L45 EP L49 DI 10.1086/508626 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TS UT WOS:000241193500012 ER PT J AU Morales, MF AF Morales, Miguel F. TI A technique for weak lensing with velocity maps: Eliminating ellipticity noise in HI radio observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gravitational lensing; methods : data analysis; radio lines : galaxies; techniques : radial velocities ID GALAXIES; COSMOLOGY AB Weak-lensing surveys have become a powerful tool for mapping mass distributions and constraining the expansion history of our universe, but continuum surveys must average over a large number of galaxies to average down the ellipticity noise due to the unknown ellipticity and orientation of the lensed galaxies. This Letter presents a technique for measuring weak lensing with velocity maps that avoids the ellipticity noise. By studying the inherent noise characteristics, we argue this new technique could rival or exceed the sensitivity of traditional continuum observations for upcoming H I radio surveys. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morales, MF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,Mail Stop 51,P225, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP L21 EP L23 DI 10.1086/508614 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TS UT WOS:000241193500006 ER PT J AU Sonnentrucker, P Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Neufeld, DA Bergin, EA Melnick, GJ Forrest, WJ Pipher, JL Watson, DM AF Sonnentrucker, P. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Neufeld, D. A. Bergin, E. A. Melnick, G. J. Forrest, W. J. Pipher, J. L. Watson, D. M. TI Gas-phase Co-2 emission toward Cepheus A East: The result of shock activity? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Cepheus A East); ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules ID INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OUTFLOW; BIPOLAR; SPECTROSCOPY; REGION; CO2 AB We report the first detection of gas-phase CO2 emission in the star-forming region Cepheus A East, obtained by spectral line mapping of the v(2) bending mode at 14.98 mu m with the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The gaseous CO2 emission covers a region about 35" x 25" in extent and results from radiative pumping by 15 mu m continuum photons emanating predominantly from the HW2 protostellar region. The gaseous CO2 exhibits a temperature distribution ranging from 50 to 200 K. A correlation between the gas-phase CO2 distribution and that of H-2 S(2), a tracer of shock activity, indicates that the CO2 molecules originate in a cool postshock gas component associated with the outflow powered by HW2. The presence of CO2 ice absorption features at 15.20 mu m toward this region and the lack of correlation between the IR continuum emission and the CO2 gas emission distribution further suggest that the gaseous CO2 molecules are mainly sputtered off grain mantles (by the passage of slow nondissociative shocks with velocities of 15 - 30 km s(-1)) rather than sublimated through grain heating. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Sonnentrucker, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 1 BP L71 EP L74 DI 10.1086/508616 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TS UT WOS:000241193500018 ER PT J AU Erwin, DH AF Erwin, Douglas H. TI Evolutionary contingency SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Erwin, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC-121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM erwind@si.edu RI Erwin, Douglas/A-9668-2009 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 19 BP R825 EP R826 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.076 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 094XQ UT WOS:000241273000007 PM 17027471 ER PT J AU Lapolla, JS Sosa-Calvo, J AF Lapolla, John S. Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey TI Review of the ant genus Rogeria (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Guyana SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE biotic surveys; leaf litter; Myrmicinae; new species AB The myrmicine ant genus Rogeria in Guyana is reviewed. Using previously published records, older collections, and collections from recent leaf litter ant survey work, nine Rogeria species are now known from Guyana, with another two species that probably also occur in Guyana. Among these eleven species, a new species, R. tsumani, is here described, and four of them, including the new species, are new records for Guyana. A key to the species found in Guyana is provided, along with illustrations of all 11 species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Maryland Ctr Systemat Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lapolla, JS (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM jlapolla@towson.edu; sossajef@si.edu NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 9 PY 2006 IS 1330 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 092AS UT WOS:000241070000004 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Kirby, K Silver, E Brickhouse, NS Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM AF Chen, G. X. Kirby, K. Silver, E. Brickhouse, N. S. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. TI The 3C/3D line ratio in Ni xix: New ab initio theory and experimental results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; IA SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; BEAM ION-TRAP; FE-XVII; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; SHOCKED EJECTA; ACTIVE-REGION; SPECTRUM; MICROCALORIMETER AB We report a fully relativistic close-coupling calculation of the electron impact excitation of Ni XIX to derive the 3C/3D line intensity ratio, with an uncertainty of 5%. Convergence of the calculation with respect to both channel coupling effects and the many interacting Rydberg series of resonances has been achieved. New measurements in an electron beam ion trap agree with our calculation. We show that the 3C/3D x-ray line ratio depends sensitively on both electron energy and beamwidth in an optically thin plasma. Accounting for this dependence improves the accuracy of the Ni abundance determination in astrophysical sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 14 AR 143201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.143201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091VT UT WOS:000241057100025 PM 17155246 ER PT J AU Pohl, T Sadeghpour, HR Gabrielse, G AF Pohl, T. Sadeghpour, H. R. Gabrielse, G. TI New interpretations of measured antihydrogen velocities and field ionization spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; ATOMS; COLLISIONS AB We present extensive Monte Carlo simulations, showing that cold antihydrogen ((H) over bar) atoms are produced when antiprotons ((p) over bar) are gently heated in the side wells of a nested Penning trap. The observed (H) over bar with high energies, that had seemed to indicate otherwise, are instead explained by a surprisingly effective charge-exchange mechanism. We shed light on the previously measured field-ionization spectrum, and reproduce both the characteristic low-field power law as well as the enhanced (H) over bar production at higher fields. The latter feature is shown to arise from (H) over bar atoms too deeply bound to be described as guiding center atoms, atoms with internally chaotic motion. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pohl, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 14 AR 143401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.143401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091VT UT WOS:000241057100026 PM 17155247 ER PT J AU Crowley, JW Mitrovica, JX Bailey, RC Tamisiea, ME Davis, JL AF Crowley, John W. Mitrovica, Jerry X. Bailey, Richard C. Tamisiea, Mark E. Davis, James L. TI Land water storage within the Congo Basin inferred from GRACE satellite gravity data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ART.; MASS; AMAZON AB GRACE satellite gravity data is used to estimate terrestrial (surface plus ground) water storage within the Congo Basin in Africa for the period of April, 2002-May, 2006. These estimates exhibit significant seasonal (30 +/- 6 mm of equivalent water thickness) and long-term trends, the latter yielding a total loss of similar to 280 km(3) of water over the 50-month span of data. We also combine GRACE and precipitation data sets (CMAP, TRMM) to explore the relative contributions of the source term to the seasonal hydrological balance within the Congo Basin. We find that the seasonal water storage tends to saturate for anomalies greater than 30-40 mm of equivalent water thickness. Furthermore, precipitation contributed roughly three times the peak water storage after anomalously rainy seasons, in early 2003 and 2005, implying a similar to 60-70% loss from runoff and evapotranspiration. Finally, a comparison of residual land water storage (monthly estimates minus best-fitting trends) in the Congo and Amazon Basins shows an anti-correlation, in agreement with the "see-saw" variability inferred by others from runoff data. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Crowley, JW (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM john.crowley@utoronto.ca RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013; OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X; Crowley, John/0000-0001-8655-7907 NR 13 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 19 AR L19402 DI 10.1029/2006GL027070 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092SO UT WOS:000241117800005 ER PT J AU MacPherson, GJ Giaramita, MJ Phipps, SP AF MacPherson, Glenn J. Giaramita, Mario J. Phipps, Stephen Paul TI Tectonic implications of diverse igneous blocks in Franciscan melange, Northern California and southwestern Oregon SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Franciscan; igneous blocks; melange; geochemistry ID COAST RANGE OPHIOLITE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; ARC; SEAMOUNT; REMNANTS; EROSION AB More than 50% of the igneous blocks from melanges of the Franciscan subduction complex in northernmost California and from the equivalent Dothan Formation of southwestern Oregon are more silica-rich than basalt, and some contain supra-subduction zone geochemical signatures such as elevated Th/Ta ratios. In contrast, blocks from more southerly parts of the Franciscan melange belt are more commonly mid-ocean ridge and ocean island/seamount basalts. The data indicate a north-south variation in the block population, due to differences in source terrane, or in the processes that provided the blocks and transported them into the melange, or both. We suggest that, in the northern Franciscan, a relatively greater fraction of igneous melange blocks was emplaced by block slumping from the forearc crust into the trench than was the case to the south. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Phys & Geol, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP MacPherson, GJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM glenn@volcano.si.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1509 EP 1520 DI 10.2138/am.2006.2177 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 095MU UT WOS:000241312700006 ER PT J AU Jablonski, D Hunt, G AF Jablonski, David Hunt, Gene TI Larval ecology, geographic range, and species survivorship in Cretaceous mollusks: Organismic versus species-level explanations SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE geographic range; larval ecology; extinction; species-level heritability; species selection ID PROSOBRANCH GASTROPODS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL MODE; SAMPLE-SIZE; MACROEVOLUTION; HERITABILITY; DISPERSAL; EXTINCTION; LONGEVITY; SELECTION AB The observation that geographic range size in Cretaceous mollusks is correlated with species survivorship and is heritable at the species level has figured repeatedly in discussions of species selection over the past two decades. However, some authors have suggested that the relationship between mode of larval development and geographic range supports the reduction of this example to selection on organismic properties. Our reanalysis of Jablonski's work on heritability at the species level finds that geographic range is significantly heritable (using a randomization test) in both bivalves and gastropods, even within a single larval mode. Further, generalized linear models show that geographic range size is more important than larval mode in predicting extinction probability in both gastropods and bivalves. These results reaffirm the role and heritability of geographic range as a species-level property that can promote species selection; the model-based approach applied here may help to operationalize "screening off" and related approaches to evaluating hierarchical explanations in evolution. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Jablonski, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM djablons@uchicago.edu; hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 98 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 168 IS 4 BP 556 EP 564 DI 10.1086/507994 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 089BS UT WOS:000240855500012 PM 17004227 ER PT J AU Brunthaler, A Henkel, C de Blok, WJG Reid, MJ Greenhill, LJ Falcke, H AF Brunthaler, A. Henkel, C. de Blok, W. J. G. Reid, M. J. Greenhill, L. J. Falcke, H. TI Water masers in the Local Group of galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE masers; galaxies : Local Group ID H-II REGIONS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION; H2O MASERS; EXTERNAL GALAXIES; VAPOR MASER; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; GEOMETRIC DISTANCE; STELLAR POPULATION; RADIO OBSERVATIONS AB We compare the number of detected 22 GHz H2O masers in the Local Group galaxies M31, M33, NGC6822, IC10, IC1613, DDO187, GR8, NGC185, and the Magellanic Clouds with the water maser population of the Milky Way. To accomplish this we searched for water maser emission in the two Local Group galaxies M33 and NGC6822 using the Very Large Array (VLA) and incorporated results from previous studies. We observed 62 HII regions in M33 and 36 regions with Ha emission in NGC6822. Detection limits are 0.0015 and 0.0008 L-circle dot for M33 and NGC6822, respectively (corresponding to 47 and 50 mJy in three channels with 0.7 km s(-1) width). M33 hosts three water masers above our detection limit, while in NGC6822 no maser source was detected. We find that the water maser detection rates in the Local Group galaxies M31, M33, NGC 6822, IC1613, DDO187, GR8, NGC185, and the Magellanic Clouds are consistent with expectations from the Galactic water masers if one considers the different star formation rates of the galaxies. However, the galaxy IC10 exhibits an overabundance of masers, which may result from a compact central starburst. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Brunthaler, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM brunthal@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012 OI Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 457 IS 1 BP 109 EP U89 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065650 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 083YL UT WOS:000240495300014 ER PT J AU Torres, DF Zhang, S Reimer, O Barcons, X Corral, A Bosch-Ramon, V Paredes, JM Romero, GE Qu, JL Collmar, W Schonfelder, V Butt, Y AF Torres, D. F. Zhang, S. Reimer, O. Barcons, X. Corral, A. Bosch-Ramon, V. Paredes, J. M. Romero, G. E. Qu, J. -L. Collmar, W. Schoenfelder, V. Butt, Y. TI INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton observations towards the unidentified MeV source GRO J1411-64 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : general; gamma rays : observations ID GAMMA-RAY SOURCES; GALACTIC PLANE; GX 301-2; COMPTEL AB Aims. We investigate the nature of the COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J1411-64. Methods. The source was observed by INTEGRAL. Its central part was also observed by XMM-Newton. Results. The data analysis shows no hint for new detections at hard X-rays. The upper limits in flux herein presented constrain the energy spectrum of whatever was producing GRO J1411-64, imposing, in the framework of earlier COMPTEL observations, the existence of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300-700 keV for the so-called low state. The Circinus Galaxy is the only source detected within the 4 sigma location error of GRO J1411-64, but can be safely excluded as the possible counterpart: the extrapolation of the energy spectrum is well below the one for GRO J1411-64 at MeV energies. 22 reliable and statistically significant sources (likelihood > 10) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932, is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. Conclusions. The unique peak of the power output at high energies (hard X-rays and gamma-rays) resembles that found in the SED seen in blazars or microquasars, and might suggest that a similar scenario is at work. However, an analysis using a microquasar model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons which radiate through synchrotron and inverse Compton scattering with star, disk, corona and synchrotron photons shows that it is hard to comply with all observational constrains. This fact and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the physical reality of this source, which is discussed in some detail. C1 CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Fac Ciencies, Barcelona 08193, Spain. Inst High Energy Phys, Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. UC, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain. Univ Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Argentino Radioastron, RA-1894 Villa Elisa, Argentina. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Fac Ciencies, Campus UAB,Torre C5 Parell,2da Planta, Barcelona 08193, Spain. RI Corral, Amalia/C-5751-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Barcons, Xavier/L-3335-2014; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Barcons, Xavier/0000-0003-1081-8861; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 457 IS 1 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065346 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 083YL UT WOS:000240495300030 ER PT J AU Hatzes, AP Cochran, WD Endl, M Guenther, EW Saar, SH Walker, GAH Yang, S Hartmann, M Esposito, M Paulson, DB Dollinger, MP AF Hatzes, A. P. Cochran, W. D. Endl, M. Guenther, E. W. Saar, S. H. Walker, G. A. H. Yang, S. Hartmann, M. Esposito, M. Paulson, D. B. Doellinger, M. P. TI Confirmation of the planet hypothesis for the long-period radial velocity variations of beta Geminorum SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE star : individual : beta Gem; techniques : radial velocities; planetary systems ID LOW-AMPLITUDE; SUBSTELLAR COMPANIONS; STELLAR; PULSATIONS; STARS; SPECTROMETER; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION; ARCTURUS AB Aims: Our aim is to confirm the nature of the long period radial velocity measurements for beta Gem first found by Hatzes & Cochran (1993). Methods. We present precise stellar radial velocity measurements for the K giant star beta Gem spanning over 25 years. An examination of the Ca II K emission, spectral line shapes from high resolution data (R = 210000), and Hipparcos photometry was also made to discern the true nature of the long period radial velocity variations. Results. The radial velocity data show that the long period, low amplitude radial velocity variations found by Hatzes & Cochran (1993) are long-lived and coherent. Furthermore, the Ca II K emission, spectral line bisectors, and Hipparcos photometry show no significant variations of these quantities with the radial velocity period. An orbital solution assuming a stellar mass of 1.7 M-circle dot yields a period, P = 589.6 days, a minimum mass of 2.3 M-Jupiter, and a semi-major axis, a = 1.6 AU. The orbit is nearly circular (e = 0.02). Conclusions. The data presented here confirm the planetary companion hypothesis suggested by Hatzes & Cochran (1993). beta Gem is one of six intermediate mass stars known to host a sub-stellar companion and suggests that planet- formation around stars much more massive than the sun may common. C1 Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Hatzes, AP (reprint author), Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. EM artie@tls-tautenburg.de NR 34 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 457 IS 1 BP 335 EP U230 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065445 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 083YL UT WOS:000240495300037 ER PT J AU Ramsay, G Groot, PJ Marsh, T Nelemans, G Steeghs, D Hakala, P AF Ramsay, G. Groot, P. J. Marsh, T. Nelemans, G. Steeghs, D. Hakala, P. TI XMM-Newton observations of AM CVn binaries: V396 Hya and SDSS J1240-01 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : binaries : close; stars : novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries; ultraviolet : stars ID NONMAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; CANUM-VENATICORUM BINARIES; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; WHITE-DWARFS; ES-CETI; CE-315; STAR AB We present the results of XMM-Newton observations of two AM CVn systems - V396 Hya and SDSS J1240-01. Both systems are detected in X-rays and in the UV: neither shows coherent variability in their light curves. We compare the rms variability of the X-ray and UV power spectra of these sources with other AM CVn systems. Apart from ES Cet, AM CVn sources are not strongly variable in X-rays, while in the UV the degree of variability is related to the systems apparent brightness. The X-ray spectra of V396 Hya and SDSS J1240-01 show highly non-solar abundances, requiring enhanced nitrogen to obtain good fits. We compare the UV and X-ray luminosities for 7 AM CVn systems using recent distances. We find that the X-ray luminosity is not strongly dependent upon orbital period. However, the UV luminosity is highly correlated with orbital period with the UV luminosity decreasing with increasing orbital period. We expect that this is due to the accretion disk making an increasingly strong contribution to the UV emission at shorter periods. The implied luminosities are in remarkably good agreement with predictions. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki Observ, Helsinki 00014, Finland. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio 21500, Finland. RP Ramsay, G (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM gtbr@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 457 IS 2 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065491 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 084NQ UT WOS:000240540400028 ER PT J AU Koopmans, LVE Treu, T Bolton, AS Burles, S Moustakas, LA AF Koopmans, Leon V. E. Treu, Tommaso Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott Moustakas, Leonidas A. TI The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. III. The structure and formation of early-type galaxies and their evolution since z approximate to 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : structure; gravitational lensing ID COLD DARK-MATTER; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; FIELD E/S0 GALAXIES; GROTH STRIP SURVEY; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; VIOLENT RELAXATION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE AB We present a joint gravitational lensing and stellar-dynamical analysis of 15 massive field early-type galaxies selected from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey. The following numerical results are found: (1) A joint likelihood gives an average logarithmic density slope for the total mass density of = 2.01(-0.03)(+0.02) (68% CL; rho(tot) proportional to r(-gamma')) < R-Einst > = 4.2 +/- 0.4 kpc (rms of 1.6 kpc) for isotropic models. The inferred intrinsic rms spread in logarithmic density slopes is sigma(gamma') = 0.12. (2) The average position-angle difference between the light distribution and the total mass distribution is found to be = 0 degrees +/- 3 degrees (rms of 10 degrees), setting an upper limit of less than or similar to 0.035 on the average external shear. The total mass has an average ellipticity < q(SIE)> = 0.78 +/- 0.03 (rms of 0.12), which correlates extremely well with the stellar ellipticity, q(*), resulting in < q(SIE)/q(*)> = 0.99 +/- 0.03 (rms of 0.11) for sigma greater than or similar to 225 km s(-1) omitting three S0 lens galaxies. (3) The average projected dark matter mass fraction is inferred to be < f(DM)> = 0.25 +/- 0.06 (rms of 0.22) inside < R-Einst >, using the stellar mass-to-light ratios derived from the fundamental plane as priors. (4) Combined with results from the Lenses Structure and Dynamics (LSD) Survey at z greater than or similar to 0.3, we find no significant evolution of the total density slope inside one effective radius for galaxies with sigma(ap) >= 200 km s(-1): a linear fit gives alpha(gamma') equivalent to d / dz = 0.23 +/- 0.16 (1 sigma) for the range z = 0.08-1.01. The small scatter and absence of significant evolution in the inner density slopes suggest a collisional scenario in which gas and dark matter strongly couple during galaxy formation, leading to a total mass distribution that rapidly converges to dynamical isothermality. C1 Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Koopmans, LVE (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. EM koopmans@astro.rug.nl; ttreu@physics.ucsb.edu; abolton@cfa.harvard.edu; burles@mit.edu; leonidas@jpl.nasa.gov NR 138 TC 301 Z9 302 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 599 EP 615 DI 10.1086/505696 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200005 ER PT J AU Peng, CY Impey, CD Rix, HW Kochanek, CS Keeton, CR Falco, EE Lehar, J McLeod, BA AF Peng, Chien Y. Impey, Chris D. Rix, Hans-Walter Kochanek, Christopher S. Keeton, Charles R. Falco, Emilio E. Lehar, Joseph McLeod, Brian A. TI Probing the coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies using gravitationally lensed quasar hosts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE black hole physics; galaxies : bulges; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : structure; gravitational lensing; quasars : general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; BULGE MASS RELATION; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; DARK-MATTER HALOS; STELLAR VELOCITY DISPERSION; NEAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES; LINE SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION AB In the present-day universe, supermassive black hole masses (M-BH) appear to be strongly correlated with their galaxy's bulge luminosity, among other properties. In this study we explore the analogous relationship between M-BH, derived using the virial method, and the stellar R- band bulge luminosity (L-R) or stellar bulge mass (M-*) at epochs of 1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 4.5, using a sample of 31 gravitationally lensed AGNs and 20 nonlensed AGNs. At redshifts z > 1.7 (10-12 Gyr ago), we find that the observed M-BH-L-R relation is nearly the same (to within similar to 0.3 mag) as it is today. When the observed L-R are corrected for luminosity evolution, this means that the black holes grew in mass faster than their hosts, with the M-BH/M-* mass ratio being a factor of greater than or similar to 4(-1)(+2) times larger at z > 1.7 than it is today. By the redshift range 1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.7 (8-10 Gyr ago), the M-BH/M-* ratio is at most 2 times higher than today, but it may be consistent with no evolution. Combining the results, we conclude that the ratio M-BH/M-* rises with look-back time, although it may saturate at approximate to 6 times the local value. Scenarios in which moderately luminous quasar hosts at z greater than or similar to 1.7 were fully formed bulges that passively faded to the present epoch are ruled out. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Ohio State Univ, McPherson Lab 4055, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Peng, CY (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cyp@stsci.edu; cimpey@as.arizona.edu; rix@mpia.de; falco@cfa.harvard.edu; jlehar@cfa.harvard.edu; bmcleod@cfa.harvard.edu NR 155 TC 253 Z9 253 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 616 EP 634 DI 10.1086/506266 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200006 ER PT J AU Simon, JD Prada, F Vilchez, JM Blitz, L Robertson, B AF Simon, Joshua D. Prada, Francisco Vilchez, Jose M. Blitz, Leo Robertson, Brant TI Is there a fundamental line for disk galaxies? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : formation; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : individual (M33); galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : spiral ID TO-LIGHT RATIOS; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; RED GIANT BRANCH; H-II REGIONS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; SPIRAL GALAXIES; DWARF GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION AB We show that there are strong local correlations between metallicity, surface brightness, and dynamical mass-to-light ratio with M33, analogous to the fundamental line of dwarf galaxies identified by Prada & Burkert. Using near-infrared imaging from 2MASS, the published rotation curve of M33, and literature measurements of the metallicities of H II regions and supergiant stars, we demonstrate that these correlations hold for points at radial distances between 140 pc and 6.2 kpc from the center of the galaxy. At a given metallicity or surface brightness, M33 has a mass-to-light ratio approximately 4 times as large as the Local Group dwarf galaxies; other than this constant offset, we see broad agreement between the M33 and dwarf galaxy data. We use analytical arguments to show that at least two of the three fundamental line correlations are basic properties of disk galaxies that can be derived from very general assumptions. We investigate the effect of supernova feedback on the fundamental line with numerical models and conclude that while feedback clearly controls the scatter in the fundamental line, it is not needed to create the fundamental line itself, in agreement with our analytical calculations. We also compare the M33 data with measurements of a simulated disk galaxy, finding that the simulation reproduces the trends in the data correctly and matches the fundamental line, although the metallicity of the simulated galaxy is too high, and the surface brightness is lower than that of M33. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada 18080, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Simon, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jsimon@astro.caltech.edu; fprada@iaa.es; jvm@iaa.es; blitz@astro.berkeley.edu; brobertson@cfa.harvard.edu OI Vilchez, J. M./0000-0001-7299-8373 NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 709 EP 721 DI 10.1086/507117 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200014 ER PT J AU Neufeld, DA Melnick, GJ Sonnentrucker, P Bergin, EA Green, JD Kim, KH Watson, DM Forrest, WJ Pipher, JL AF Neufeld, David A. Melnick, Gary J. Sonnentrucker, Paule Bergin, Edwin A. Green, Joel D. Kim, Kyoung Hee Watson, Dan M. Forrest, William J. Pipher, Judith L. TI Spitzer observations of HH 54 and HH 7-11: Mapping the H-2 ortho-to-para ratio in shocked molecular gas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; molecular processes; shock waves ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTERSTELLAR SHOCKS; INFRARED-EMISSION; BOW SHOCK; HYDROGEN; OUTFLOW; CLOUDS; WATER; HH-7-11 AB We report the results of spectroscopic mapping observations carried out toward the Herbig-Haro objects HH 7-11 and HH 54 over the 5.2-37 mu m region using the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. These observations have led to the detection and mapping of the S(0)-S(7) pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen, together with emissions in fine-structure transitions of Ne+, Si+, S, and Fe+. The H-2 rotational emissions indicate the presence of warm gas with a mixture of temperatures in the range 400 - 1200 K - consistent with the expected temperature behind nondissociative shocks of velocity similar to 10-20 km s(-1) - while the fine-structure emissions originate in faster shocks of velocity similar to 35-90 km s(-1) that are dissociative and ionizing. The H-2 ortho-to-para ratio is quite variable, typically falling substantially below the equilibrium value of 3 attained at the measured gas temperatures. The nonequilibrium ortho-to-para ratios are characteristic of temperatures as low as similar to 50 K, and are a remnant of an earlier epoch, before the gas temperature was elevated by the passage of a shock. Correlations between the gas temperature and H-2 ortho-to-para ratio show that ortho-to-para ratios < 0.8 are attained only at gas temperatures below similar to 900 K; this behavior is consistent with theoretical models in which the conversion of para- to ortho-H-2 behind the shock is driven by reactive collisions with atomic hydrogen, a process that possesses a substantial activation energy barrier (E-A/k similar to 4000 K) and is therefore very inefficient at low temperature. The lowest observed ortho-to-para ratios of only similar to 0.25 suggest that the shocks in HH 54 and HH 7 are propagating into cold clouds of temperature <= 50 K in which the H-2 ortho-to-para ratio is close to equilibrium. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Neufeld, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 47 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 816 EP 835 DI 10.1086/506604 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200022 ER PT J AU Hunter, TR Brogan, CL Megeath, ST Menten, KM Beuther, H Thorwirth, S AF Hunter, T. R. Brogan, C. L. Megeath, S. T. Menten, K. M. Beuther, H. Thorwirth, S. TI Millimeter multiplicity in NGC 6334 I and I(N) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; ISM : individual (NGC 6334, NGC 6334 I(N)); stars : formation; submillimeter; techniques : interferometric ID NGC 6334 I; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; METHANOL MASERS; STAR-FORMATION; STELLAR CLUSTERS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; REGIONS; MICRON AB Using the Submillimeter Array (SMA), we have imaged the 1.3 mm continuum emission at the centers of the massive star-forming regions NGC 6334 I and I(N). In both regions, the SMA observations resolve the emission into multiple millimeter sources, with most of the sources clustered into areas only 10,000 AU in diameter. Toward NGC 6334 I, we find four compact sources: the two brightest (I-SMA1 and I-SMA2) are associated with previously known ammonia cores; I-SMA3 coincides with the peak of the compact H (II) region (NGC 6334 F), and I-SMA4 is a newly discovered object. While I-SMA3 exhibits a mixture of free-free and dust emission, the rest of the objects are dust cores. Toward NGC 6334 I(N), seven compact dust cores are found, one of which is associated with a faint centimeter source. With the exception of I-SMA3, none of the millimeter sources have infrared counterparts in Spitzer Space Telescope 3-8 mu m images. Using a simple physical model for the dust continuum emission, we estimate that the mass of the interstellar material toward each of these compact objects is in the range of 3-66 M-circle dot. The total mass in the compact objects appears to be similar in I and I( N). The small size of these groups of sources suggest that these objects are proto-Trapezia forming in the centers of clusters of low- to intermediate-mass stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Toledo, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Hunter, TR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM thunter@cfa.harvard.edu; cbrogan@nrao.edu; tmegeath@astro1.panet.utoledo.edu; kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; beuther@mpia-hd.mpg.de; sthorwirth@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; Hunter, Todd/0000-0001-6492-0090 NR 51 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 888 EP 893 DI 10.1086/505965 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200028 ER PT J AU Stassun, KG van den Berg, M Feigelson, E Flaccomio, E AF Stassun, Keivan G. van den Berg, M. Feigelson, Eric Flaccomio, Ettore TI A simultaneous optical and X-ray variability study of the Orion Nebula Cluster. I. Incidence of time-correlated X-ray/optical variations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Orion Nebula Cluster); stars : flare; stars : magnetic fields; stars : pre-main-sequence; stars : spots; X-rays : stars ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ULTRADEEP PROJECT; XMM-NEWTON; STELLAR ROTATION; CORONAL ACTIVITY; YOUNG STARS; ACCRETION; EMISSION; FLARES AB We present a database of BVRI time-series photometry of the Orion Nebula Cluster obtained with two ground-based telescopes at different longitudes to provide simultaneous coverage with the 13 day Chandra observation of the cluster. The resulting database of simultaneous optical and X-ray light curves for some 800 pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars represents, by a factor of hundreds, the largest synoptic, multi-wavelength-regime, time-series study of young stars to date. This database will permit detailed analyses of the relationship between optical and X-ray variability among a statistically significant ensemble of PMS stars, with the goal of elucidating the origins of PMS X-ray production. In this first paper, we present the optical observations, describe the combined X-ray/optical database, and perform an analysis of time-correlated variability in the optical and X-ray light curves. We identify 40 stars (representing 5% of our study sample) with possible time-correlated optical and X-ray variability. Examples of both positive and negative time correlations are found, possibly representing X-ray flares and persistent coronal features associated with both cool and hot surface spots (i.e., magnetically active regions and accretion shocks). We also find two possible examples of "white-light'' flares coincident with X-ray flares; these may correspond to the impulsive heating phase in solar-analog flares. However, although interesting, these represent unusual cases. More generally, we find very little evidence to suggest a direct causal link between the sources of optical and X-ray variability in PMS stars. The conclusion that accretion is a primary driver of X-ray production in PMS stars is not supported by our findings. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. INAF, Osserv Astron Palermo Giuseppe S Vaiana, I-91034 Palermo, Italy. RP Stassun, KG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM keivan.stassun@vanderbilt.edu OI Flaccomio, Ettore/0000-0002-3638-5788 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 914 EP 926 DI 10.1086/506422 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200031 ER PT J AU Schoier, FL Fong, D Olofsson, H Zhang, QZ Patel, N AF Schoier, Fredrik L. Fong, David Olofsson, Hans Zhang, Qizhou Patel, Nimesh TI The distribution of SiO in the circumstellar envelope around IRC+10216 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : carbon; stars : individual (IRC+10216); stars : mass loss ID RADIO LINE EMISSION; GIANT BRANCH STARS; CARBON STARS; DUST SHELLS; INNER WIND; AGB STARS; MULTIPLE SHELLS; RICH STARS; MODELS; WATER AB New interferometric observations of SiO J 5 -> 4 circumstellar line emission around the carbon star IRC + 10216 using the Submillimeter Array are presented. Complemented by multitransition single-dish observations, including infrared observations of rovibrational transitions, detailed radiative transfer modeling suggests that the fractional abundance of SiO in the inner part of the envelope, between approximate to 3 and 8 stellar radii, is as high as approximate to 1.5 x 10(-6). This is more than an order of magnitude higher than predicted by equilibrium stellar atmosphere chemistry in a carbon-rich environment and indicative of the importance of non-LTE chemical processes. In addition to the compact component, a spatially more extended (r(e) approximate to 2.4; 10(16) cm) low fractional abundance (f(0) approximate to 1.7 x 10(-7)) region is required to fit the observations. This suggests that the majority of the SiO molecules are effectively accreted onto dust grains in the inner wind, while the remaining gas-phase molecules are eventually photodissociated at larger distances. Evidence of departure from a smooth wind is found in the observed visibilities, indicative of density variations of a factor 2-5 on an angular scale corresponding to a timescale of about 200 yr. In addition, constraints on the velocity structure of the wind are obtained. C1 AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. RP Schoier, FL (reprint author), AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM fredrik@astro.su.se OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 965 EP 972 DI 10.1086/506199 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200035 ER PT J AU Williams, PKG Charbonneau, D Cooper, CS Showman, AP Fortney, JJ AF Williams, Peter K. G. Charbonneau, David Cooper, Curtis S. Showman, Adam P. Fortney, Jonathan J. TI Resolving the surfaces of extrasolar planets with secondary eclipse light curves SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; infrared : stars; planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 209458); techniques : high angular resolution; techniques : photometric ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HD 209458B; TRANSITING PLANET; TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SEARCH; SPECTRUM; ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; EXOSPHERE AB We present a method that employs the secondary eclipse light curves of transiting extrasolar planets to probe the spatial variation of their thermal emission. This technique permits an observer to resolve the surface of the planet without the need to spatially isolate its light from that of the central star. We evaluate the feasibility of this technique for the HD 209458 system by simulating observations made with the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC). We consider two representations of the planetary thermal emission: a simple model parameterized by a sinusoidal dependence on longitude and latitude, and the results of a three-dimensional dynamical simulation of the planetary atmosphere previously published by Cooper & Showman. We find that observations of the secondary eclipse light curve are most sensitive to a longitudinal asymmetry in the dayside planetary emission. To quantify this signal, we define a new parameter, the "uniform time offset,'' which measures the time lag between the observed secondary eclipse and that predicted by a planet with spatially uniform emission. We compare the predicted amplitude of this parameter for HD 20948 with the precision with which it could be measured with IRAC. We find that IRAC observations at 3.6 mu m of a single secondary eclipse should permit sufficient precision to confirm or reject the Cooper & Showman model of the surface flux distribution for this planet. We quantify the signal-to-noise ratio for this offset in the remaining IRAC bands and find that a modest improvement in photometric precision should permit a similarly robust detection. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Williams, PKG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pwilliams@cfa.harvard.edu; dcharbonneau@cfa.harvard.edu; curtis@lpl.arizona.edu; showman@lpl.arizona.edu; jfortney@arc.nasa.gov OI Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354; Williams, Peter/0000-0003-3734-3587; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 46 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 1020 EP 1027 DI 10.1086/506468 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200041 ER PT J AU Lin, J Mancuso, S Vourlidas, A AF Lin, Jun Mancuso, Salvatore Vourlidas, Angelos TI Theoretical investigation of the onsets of type II radio bursts during solar eruptions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; RECONNECTING CURRENT SHEETS; RAY FLARE EMISSION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLUX-ROPE; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; HEATING MECHANISMS; LIGHT CURVES; SHOCK-WAVES AB On the basis of previous works, we investigated coronal mass ejection (CME) propagations and the consequent type II radio bursts invoked by the CME-driven shocks. The results indicate that the onset of type II bursts depends on the local Alfven speed (or the magnetoacoustic wave speed in the non-force-free environment), which is governed by both the magnetic field and the plasma density. This determines that the type II burst cannot appear at any altitude. Instead, its onset positions can never be lower than a critical height for the given coronal environment, which consequently determines the start frequencies of the emission: for an eruption taking place in the magnetic configuration with a background field of 100 G, the onset of type II bursts should occur at around 0.5 R(circle dot) from the solar surface, and the corresponding start frequency of the fundamental component is about 150 MHz. This result is consistent with similar estimates based on observations that bring the corresponding frequency to a few hundred MHz. Our results further indicate that the onset of type II bursts depends on the rate of magnetic reconnection as well. When magnetic reconnection during the eruption is not fast enough, a type II burst may not occur at all even if the associated CME is fast ( say, faster than 800 km s(-1)). This may account for the fast and radio-quiet CMEs. Related to these results, properties of the associated solar flares and type III radio bursts, especially those used as the precursors of the type II radio bursts, are also discussed. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Astron Observ, Natl Astron Observ China, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Astron Observ, Natl Astron Observ China, POB 110, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 73 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 1110 EP 1123 DI 10.1086/506599 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200050 ER PT J AU Rakowski, CE Schulz, NS Wolk, SJ Testa, P AF Rakowski, Cara E. Schulz, N. S. Wolk, S. J. Testa, Paola TI Extraordinarily hot X-ray emission from the O9 emission-line star HD 119682 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (HD 119682); X-rays : stars ID RESOLUTION CHANDRA SPECTROSCOPY; GAMMA-CASSIOPEIAE; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; STELLAR WIND; TAU SCORPII; CATALOG; SPECTRUM; DISCOVERY; EINSTEIN; NGC-5281 AB We present new optical and X-ray observations to show that the X-ray source 1WGA J1346.5 - 6255 previously associated with the SNR G309.2-0.6 can be unequivocally identified with the emission-line star HD 119682 located in the foreground open cluster NGC 5281. Images from Chandra in the X-ray band as well as from Magellan in the narrow optical H alpha band show a coincidence of the source positions within 0."5. The X-ray source appears extremely hot for an OB star identified as of O9.7e type. XMM-Newton spectra show plasma temperatures of 1 and > 8 keV with an X-ray luminosity of (6.2 +/- 0.1) 10(32) ergs s(-1). The optical and X-ray properties are very reminiscent of the prototype emission-line star gamma Cas. We discuss the ramifications of this similarity with respect to very early type emission-line stars as a new class of hard X-ray sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rakowski, CE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM crakowski@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/508350 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BK UT WOS:000240854700014 ER PT J AU Ragan, SE Bergin, EA Plume, R Gibson, DL Wilner, DJ O'Brien, S Hails, E AF Ragan, S. E. Bergin, E. A. Plume, R. Gibson, D. L. Wilner, D. J. O'Brien, S. Hails, E. TI Molecular line observations of infrared dark clouds: Seeking the precursors to intermediate and massive star formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID H-II-REGIONS; GALACTIC PLANE; IRAS SOURCES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER MASERS; DENSE CORES; MILKY-WAY; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION; AMMONIA AB We have identified 41 infrared dark clouds from the 8 mu m maps of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), selected to be found within 1 deg(2) areas centered on known ultracompact H II regions. We have mapped these infrared dark clouds in N2H+ 1 -> 0, CS 2 -> 1, and (CO)-O-18 1 -> 0 emission using the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory. The maps of the different species often show striking differences in morphologies, indicating differences in evolutionary state and/or the presence of undetected, deeply embedded protostars. We derive an average mass for these clouds using N2H+ column densities of approximate to 2500M(circle dot), a value comparable to that found in previous studies of high-mass star-forming cores using other mass tracers. The line widths of these clouds are typically similar to 2.0-2.9 km s(-1). Based on the fact that they are dark at 8 mu m, compact, and massive, and have large velocity dispersions, we suggest that these clouds may be the precursor sites of intermediate- and high-mass star formation. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Arizona Radio Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Ragan, SE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Ragan, Sarah/0000-0003-4164-5588 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 166 IS 2 BP 567 EP 584 DI 10.1086/506594 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TQ UT WOS:000241193300009 ER PT J AU Zusi, RL AF Zusi, Richard L. TI In memoriam: Paul Slud, 1919-2006 SO AUK LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, NHBE 616, MRC 616, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zusi, RL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, NHBE 616, MRC 616, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2006 VL 123 IS 4 BP 1196 EP 1197 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1196:IMPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 099UO UT WOS:000241621900026 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, Y Roubik, DW Eltz, T AF Zimmermann, Yvonne Roubik, David W. Eltz, Thomas TI Species-specific attraction to pheromonal analogues in orchid bees SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical communication; odor signal; attractant; Euglossini; fragrance ID MALE EUGLOSSINE BEES; EULAEMA-MERIANA HYMENOPTERA; FRAGRANCE COLLECTION; FLORAL FRAGRANCES; MATING-BEHAVIOR; APIDAE; ACCUMULATION; DISPLAY; BIOLOGY; BOMBUS AB Male orchid bees (Euglossini) collect fragrances from flowers and other natural sources, a behaviour that has shaped the euglossine pollination syndrome. Males store such chemicals in hind leg pouches and later expose them during courtship display. In the present study, we show that complex bouquets of two sympatric species of Eulaema, E. meriana and E. bombiformis, are chemically distinct. When exposed during bioassays at display perches individual hind leg extracts rapidly and consistently attracted other males of the correct species, even if derived from males of disparate localities (French Guiana and Panama). Conspecific males as well as females of E. bombiformis arrived at natural perch sites only from downwind, and two copulations were observed. Our findings demonstrate that acquired odours mediate exclusive attraction within species and support the idea that such fragrances are pheromone analogues. Their role in acquiring matings and during male-male interaction is discussed. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, Dept Neurobiol, Sensory Eco,Grp, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Panama. RP Eltz, T (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Dept Neurobiol, Sensory Eco,Grp, Univ Str 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM eltz@uni-duesseldorf.de NR 39 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 60 IS 6 BP 833 EP 843 DI 10.1007/s00265-006-0227-8 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 084FM UT WOS:000240517800009 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, preying on Maritime Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; predator; Maritime Garter Snake; Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus; South Harbour; Cape Breton Island; Nova Scotia AB At 1053 hours on 23 July 2006 a Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, was observed in flight transporting in its talons a live Maritime Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus, at South Harbour (46 degrees 52'01.7 '' N, 60 degrees 26'45.8 '' W), Cape Breton Island, Victoria County, Nova Scotia. C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 4 BP 477 EP 477 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264XO UT WOS:000253323900013 ER PT J AU Paterson, MJ Blanchfield, PJ Podemski, C Hintelmann, HH Gilmour, CC Harris, R Ogrinc, N Rudd, JWM Sandilands, KA AF Paterson, Michael J. Blanchfield, Paul J. Podemski, Cheryl Hintelmann, Holger H. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Harris, Reed Ogrinc, Nives Rudd, John W. M. Sandilands, Ken A. TI Bioaccumulation of newly deposited mercury by fish and invertebrates: an enclosure study using stable mercury isotopes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID METHYL MERCURY; WATER; METHYLMERCURY; RESERVOIR; PICOGRAM; REDUCE; LAKE AB Enriched stable mercury (Hg) isotopes were added to four 10 m diameter enclosures in Lake 239 at the Experimental Lakes Area to increase inorganic Hg loading. Our main objectives were to (i) follow low-level additions (spikes) of isotope-enriched Hg through the biogeochemical cycle and into the food web and (ii) determine the relative contribution of newly deposited Hg to methyl Hg (MeHg) accumulation by fish and other biota. The experiment ran for two summers (2000, 2001), with different enriched Hg isotopes being added each year. Within 1 month of beginning additions in 2000, spike Hg was detected in water, zooplankton, and benthic invertebrates as MeHg, and in fish as total Hg (THg; the sum of inorganic and organic Hg). In 2001, concentrations in water of inorganic spike Hg added in 2000 were near detection limits, but concentrations of 2000 spike MeHg in water and biota remained unchanged or greater. Despite comparatively large increases in inorganic Hg loading, accumulation of ambient, non-spike MeHg predominated in all organisms, and spike MeHg never comprised more than 15%, even after 1 year. Our results suggest that changes in Hg loading will affect MeHg concentrations in fish and other biota, but that steady state may not be achieved for at least 10-30 years under conditions similar to our enclosures. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. RP Paterson, MJ (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. EM patersonm@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010; OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2213 EP 2224 DI 10.1139/F06-118 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400008 ER PT J AU Ruset, IC Tsai, LL Mair, RW Patz, S Hrovat, MI Rosen, MS Muradian, I Ng, J Topulos, GP Butler, JP Walsworth, RL Hersman, FW AF Ruset, I. C. Tsai, L. L. Mair, R. W. Patz, S. Hrovat, M. I. Rosen, M. S. Muradian, I. Ng, J. Topulos, G. P. Butler, J. P. Walsworth, R. L. Hersman, F. W. TI A system for open-access He-3 human lung imaging at very low field SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE PART B-MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser-polarized noble gas; low magnetic field; magnetic resonance imaging; lung imaging; open access ID HYPERPOLARIZED NOBLE-GASES; PULMONARY BLOOD-FLOW; DISEASED LUNGS; MRI; HEALTHY; LASER; VENTILATION; DIFFUSION; PERFUSION; EXCHANGE AB We describe a prototype system built to allow open-access very-low-field MRI of human lungs using laser-polarized He-3 gas. The system employs an open four-coil electromagnet with an operational B-o held of 4 mT, and planar gradient coils that generate gradient fields up to 0.18 G/cm in the x and y direction and 0.41 C/cm in the z direction. This system was used to obtain H-1 and He-3 phantom images and supine and upright He-3 images of human lungs. We include discussion on challenges unique to imaging at 50-200 kHz, including noise filtering and compensation for narrow-bandwidth coils. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Harvard MIT Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Mirtech Inc, Brockton, MA 02301 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ruset, IC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, 9 Lib Way,DeMeritt Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM icruset@unh.edu RI Patz, Samuel/I-2879-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R21 RR014297-01A1, R21 RR014297] NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-5031 J9 CONCEPT MAGN RESON B JI Concepts Magn. Reson. Part B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29B IS 4 BP 210 EP 221 DI 10.1002/cmr.b.20075 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 098VF UT WOS:000241550200006 PM 20354575 ER PT J AU Johnson, MD Sherry, TW Holmes, RT Marra, PP AF Johnson, Matthew D. Sherry, Thomas W. Holmes, Richard T. Marra, Peter P. TI Assessing habitat quality for a migratory songbird wintering in natural and agricultural habitats SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Redstart; body condition; body mass; coffee; density; Jamaica; neotropical migrant; survival ID SHADE COFFEE PLANTATIONS; OVERWINTER SURVIVAL; POPULATION DECLINES; NONBREEDING SEASON; BIRD COMMUNITIES; TROPICAL FOREST; MARKED ANIMALS; WARBLERS; JAMAICA; CONSERVATION AB As tropical forests are cleared, a greater proportion of migratory songbirds are forced to winter in agricultural and disturbed habitats, which, if Poorer in quality than natural forests, could contribute to population declines. We compared demographic indicators of habitat quality for a focal species, the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), wintering in Jamaican citrus orchards and shade coffee plantations with those in four natural habitats: mangrove, coastal scrub, coastal palm, and dry limestone forests. Demographic measures of habitat quality included density, age and sex ratio, apparent survival, and changes in body mass. Measures of habitat qualily for redstarts in citrus and coffee habitats were generally intermediate between the highest (mangrove) and lowest (dry limestone) measurements from natural habitats. The decline in mean body mass over the winter period was a strong predictor of annual survival rate among habitats, and we suggest that measures of body condition coupled with survival data provide the best measures of habitat quality for nonbreeding songbirds. Density, which is far easier to estimate, was correlated with these more labor-intensive measures, particularly in the late winter when food is likely most limiting. Thus, local density may be useful as an approximation of habitat quality for wintering migrant warblers. Our findings bolster those of previous studies based on bird abundance that suggest arboreal agricultural habitats in the tropics can be useful for the conservation of generalist, insectivorous birds, including many migratory passerines such as redstarts. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bied Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Johnson, MD (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mdj6@humboldt.edu NR 56 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1433 EP 1444 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00490.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 091LY UT WOS:000241031600015 PM 17002761 ER PT J AU Freestone, AL Inouye, BD AF Freestone, Amy L. Inouye, Brian D. TI Dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity shape scale-dependent diversity patterns in plant communities SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive partitioning; beta diversity; community dissimilarity; dispersal limitation; environmental heterogeneity; metacommunity; patchiness; scale; serpentine seep ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BETA-DIVERSITY; GAMMA-DIVERSITY; SERPENTINE; FOREST; BIODIVERSITY; ISLANDS; ALPHA AB Understanding the large-scale distribution of species diversity requires distinguishing two of the primary factors that cause compositional differences: dispersal limitation and environmental variation. In a community with a naturally discontinuous spatial structure, we asked (1) at what scale(s) nonrandom variation in species composition occurs and (2) at what scale(s) such variation is associated with spatial separation, indicative of dispersal limitation, and at what scale(s) variation is associated with environmental heterogeneity? We sampled 50 seeps (small wetlands) on five serpentine outcrops. Using a randomization model, we showed that additive beta diversity (a measure of community dissimilarity) was lower than random within seeps and higher than random among both seeps and outcrops. Using Mantel tests, we showed that plant community dissimilarity, in both the full seep assemblage as well as in a subset of seep endemics, at the two larger scales was associated with different forms of environmental heterogeneity and, at the largest scale, was also associated with geographic distance. We conclude that diversity in this system is shaped by multiple scales of heterogeneity and by dispersal limitation at the largest scale. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Freestone, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20137 USA. EM freestonea@si.edu NR 36 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 2425 EP 2432 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2425:DLAEHS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098XU UT WOS:000241557900003 PM 17089651 ER PT J AU Rappole, JH Hubalek, Z AF Rappole, John H. Hubalek, Zdenek TI Birds and influenza H5N1 virus movement to and within North America SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5N1; WEST NILE VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; HONG-KONG; OUTBREAKS; EVOLUTION; WATERFOWL; MOSQUITOS; POULTRY; DUCKS AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 expanded considerably during 2005 and early 2006 in both avian host species and geographic distribution. Domestic waterfowl and migratory birds are reservoirs, but lethality of this subtype appeared to initially limit migrant effectiveness as introductory hosts. This situation may have changed, as HPAI H5N1 has recently expanded across Eurasia and into Europe and Africa. Birds could introduce HPAI H5N1 to the Western Hemisphere through migration, vagrancy, and importation by people. Vagrants and migratory birds are not likely interhemispheric introductory hosts; import of infected domestic or pet birds is more probable. If reassortment or mutation were to produce a virus adapted for rapid transmission among humans, birds would be unlikely introductory hosts because of differences in viral transmission mechanisms among major host groups (i.e., gastrointestinal for birds, respiratory for humans). Another possible result of reassortment would be a less lethal form of avian influenza, more readily spread by birds. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Valtice, Czech Republic. RP Rappole, JH (reprint author), 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM rappolej@si.edu RI Hubalek, Zdenek/G-1111-2014 OI Hubalek, Zdenek/0000-0003-4732-0987 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1486 EP 1492 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 089VS UT WOS:000240910200002 PM 17176561 ER PT J AU Orihel, DM Paterson, MJ Gilmour, CC Bodaly, RA Blanchfield, PJ Hintelmann, H Harris, RC Rudd, JWM AF Orihel, Diane M. Paterson, Michael J. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Bodaly, R. A. Blanchfield, Paul J. Hintelmann, Holger Harris, Reed C. Rudd, John W. M. TI Effect of loading rate on the fate of mercury in littoral mesocosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WABIGOON RIVER SYSTEM; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; METHYL-MERCURY; SEEPAGE LAKE; METHYLMERCURY; ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIMENTS; FLUXES; BIOACCUMULATION; DEGRADATION AB The effects of changes in atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposition on aquatic ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in littoral mesocosms receiving different loading rates (7-107 mu g Hg m(-2) year(-1)). We added a Hg-202-enriched preparation to differentiate the experimentally added Hg from the ambient Hg in the environment. This approach allowed us to follow the distribution and methylation of the isotopically enriched ("spike") Hg in the mesocosms. Within 3 weeks, spike Hg was distributed throughout the main environmental compartments (water, particles, periphyton, and sediments) and began to be converted to methylmercury (MeHg). Concentrations of spike total Hg and MeHg in these compartments, measured after 8 weeks, were directly proportional to loading rates. Thus, Hg(II) availability was the limiting factor for the major processes of the biogeochemical Hg cycle, including methylation. This is the first study to demonstrate a proportional response of in situ MeHg production to atmospherically relevant loading levels. On the basis of mass balances, we conclude that loading rate had no effect on the relative distribution of spike Hg among the main compartments or on the fraction of spike Hg converted to MeHg. Therefore, loading rate did not change the relative magnitude of biogeochemical pathways competing for Hg within the mesocosms. These data suggest that reductions of Hg deposition to lake surfaces would be equally effective across a broad range of deposition rates. C1 Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddel Fac Environm Earth & Resources, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Tetra Tech Inc, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. R & K Res Inc, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada. RP Orihel, DM (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddel Fac Environm Earth & Resources, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM OrihelD@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Orihel, Diane/G-5462-2011; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010; OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X NR 38 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 5992 EP 6000 DI 10.1021/es060823+ PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000032 PM 17051790 ER PT J AU Breitburg, DL Fulford, RS AF Breitburg, Denise L. Fulford, Richard S. TI Oyster-sea nettle interdependence and altered control within the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; RELATIVE PREDATION; PATUXENT RIVER; FOOD WEBS; SCYPHOMEDUSAE; LARVAE; FISH AB Research on the effects of declining abundances of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Chesapeake Bay and other estuaries has primarily focused on the role of oysters in filtration and nutrient dynamics, and as habitat for fish or fish prey. Oysters also play a key role in providing substrate for the overwintering polyp stage of the scyphomedusa sea nettle, Chrysaora quinquecirrha, which is an important consumer of zooplankton, ctenophores, and icthyoplankton. Temporal trends in sea nettle abundances in visual counts from the dock at Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, trawls conducted in the mesohaline portion of the Patuxent River, and published data from the mainstem Chesapeake Bay indicate that sea nettles declined in the mid 1980s when overfishing and increased disease mortality led to sharp decreases in oyster landings and abundance. Climate trends, previously associated with interannual variation in sea nettle abundances, do not explain the sharp decline. A potentially important consequence of declining sea nettle abundances may be an increase in their ctenophore prey (Mnemiopsis leidyi), and a resultant increase in predation on icthyoplankton and oyster larvae. Increased predation on oyster larvae by ctenophores may inhibit recovery of oyster populations and reinforce the current low abundance of oysters in Chesapeake Bay. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20678 USA. RP Breitburg, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 20678 USA. EM breitburgd@si.edu NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 776 EP 784 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 102TY UT WOS:000241837400006 ER PT J AU Pohl, T Comparat, D Zahzam, N Vogt, T Pillet, P Pattard, T AF Pohl, T. Comparat, D. Zahzam, N. Vogt, T. Pillet, P. Pattard, T. TI Use of Rydberg atoms to control electron temperatures in ultracold plasmas SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Ultracold Plasma and Rydberg Systems (Ultracold PARYS) CY FEB 14-MAR 16, 2005 CL Gif sur Yvette, FRANCE ID NEUTRAL PLASMA; EXPANSION; RELAXATION; IONIZATION; DYNAMICS; COLD AB We investigate the idea of adding Rydberg atoms to an ultracold plasma to control the electronic temperature of the plasma. We show that a certain amount of control is indeed possible, and discuss limitations for the extent of electron cooling. Experimental data are found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CNRS 2, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Pohl, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tpohl@cfa.harvard.edu RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013; OI Pattard, Thomas/0000-0002-2276-5173 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2006-00134-y PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 083RE UT WOS:000240475100007 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, GR Comita, LS Morefield, LL Condit, R Hubbell, SP AF Goldsmith, Gregory R. Comita, Liza S. Morefield, Leslie L. Condit, Rick Hubbell, Stephen P. TI Long-term research impacts on seedling community structure and composition in a permanent forest plot SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; forest dynamics plot; long-term ecological research; research impact; seedling community; tropical forest ID ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PROGRAM; TROPICAL FOREST; DYNAMICS; LIANAS; PANAMA AB Long-term ecological research projects have become cornerstones for the study of forest dynamics worldwide. The intense, large-scale research efforts necessary to monitor ecological processes may alter natural processes and be a source of error in analyses. This study evaluated whether trampling due to concentrated researcher presence has altered the structure and composition of the seedling layer in the 50 ha permanent sample plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Since 1980, major research projects in the plot have included complete tree censuses every 5 years, weekly seed trap, collection, and the more recent annual censuses of 20,000 1 m(2) seedling quadrats. We compared data from these pre-existing seedling quadrats with data from 600 newly established seedling quadrats in an area of much lower research intensity adjacent to the 50 ha plot and tested for differences in seedling density, height-class distributions, species richness and composition. Although we expected to find evidence of researcher impacts on the seedling layer, we found no significant differences in seedling community structure or composition inside and outside of the BCI 50 ha plot. We conclude that there is no evidence that research efforts within the BCI plot have thus far resulted in significant changes in the seedling layer. The extent of research impacts is likely to differ under varying environmental conditions and research protocols. Continued efforts should be made to quantify the impacts of research methodology at long-term research sites in order to detect site-specific or long-term changes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Bowdoin Coll, Dept Biol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. RP Comita, LS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, 2502 Plant Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM liza@plantbio.uga.edu RI Goldsmith, Gregory/A-4337-2009; OI Comita, Liza/0000-0002-9169-1331 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.011 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000004 ER PT J AU Sautu, A Baskin, JM Baskin, CC Condit, R AF Sautu, Adriana Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. Condit, Richard TI Studies on the seed biology of 100 native species of trees in a seasonal moist tropical forest, Panama, Central America SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Panama; seasonal moist tropical forest; seed dispersal; seed dormancy; seed germination; seed longevity; seed mass; seed moisture content ID GUSTAVIA-SUPERBA LECYTHIDACEAE; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; VIROLA-SURINAMENSIS; RECALCITRANT SEEDS; GERMINATION; DISPERSAL; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; DORMANCY; GROWTH AB This study quantified various aspects of the seed biology of 100 tree species native to the seasonal moist tropical forest in the Panama Canal Watershed. Species were selected for study based on their potential for use in reforestation projects in Panama. Seeds of 32, 29, and 33 species were dispersed during the dry (DS, January-March), early rainy (ERS, April-July), and late rainy (LRS, August-December) seasons, respectively. Seed mass was correlated with moisture content (MC) but not with dispersal time, and MC was lowest for seeds dispersed in the DS. Germination of nontreated seeds ranged from 0% (6 species) to 99% and was >= 50% for 46 species. Seeds of Beilschmiedia pendula, Castilla elastica, Diphysa robinioides, Genipa americana, Hura crepitans, Inga spectabilis, Jacaranda copaia, Protium tenuifolium, Pseudobambox septenatum, and Trattinnickia aspera germinated >= 85%. Fresh seeds of 49 (52.1%) of the 94 species that germinated were nondormant and 45 (47.9%) were dormant. Only 12 species had a median length of germination time (MLG) > 120 days. MLG for seeds of species dispersed in the LRS was higher than that of those dispersed in the ERS or DS. Forty-eight species had uniform germination (standard deviation of germination time <= 14 days). Seed longevity ranged from 0.5 to 36 months, and long-lived (L-L) seeds tended to be larger than short-lived (S-L) or very short-lived (very S-L) ones, but not significantly so. MC increased significantly from L-L to very S-L seeds. The highest proportion of L-L seeds was dispersed in the DS and the lowest in the LRS. Results of this study are used to make recommendations for nursery production of tree seedlings to use in forest restoration projects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City 340020948, Panama. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Baskin, JM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM SAUTUA@si.edu; jmbask0@uky.edu; ccbask0@uky.edu; condit@ctfs.si.edu NR 68 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 245 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.07.006 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000024 ER PT J AU Weltzin, JF Belote, RT Williams, LT Keller, JK Engel, EC AF Weltzin, Jake F. Belote, R. Travis Williams, Leigh T. Keller, Jason K. Engel, E. Cayenne TI Authorship in ecology: attribution, accountability, and responsibility SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MULTIAUTHOR PAPERS; ARTICLES AB Quality and quantity of publications are among the most important measures determining the success of ecologists. The past 50 years have seen a steady rise in the number of researchers and collaborative manuscripts, and a corresponding increase in multi-authored articles. Despite these increases, there remains a shortage of useful and definitive guidelines to aid ecologists in addressing authorship issues, leading to a lack of consistency in what the term "author" really means. Deciding where to draw the line between those who have earned authorship and those who are more appropriately credited in the acknowledgments may be one of the more challenging aspects of authorship. Here, we borrow ideas from other scientific disciplines and propose a simple solution to help ecologists who are making such decisions. We recommend improving communication between co-authors throughout the research process, and propose that authors publish their contributions to a manuscript in a separate byline. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Weltzin, JF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jweltzin@utk.edu NR 26 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 4 IS 8 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[435:AIEAAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 091AE UT WOS:000240997000021 ER PT J AU Littler, MM Littler, DS Brooks, BL AF Littler, Mark M. Littler, Diane S. Brooks, Barrett L. TI Harmful algae on tropical coral reefs: Bottom-up eutrophication and top-down herbivory SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE algae; nutrients; herbivory; corals; coral reefs ID DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM PHILIPPI; PLANT DEFENSE ASSOCIATIONS; CARIBBEAN BARRIER-REEF; FUNCTIONAL-FORM GROUPS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; SOUTHEAST FLORIDA; BUILDING CORALS; PHASE-SHIFTS AB A conceptual paradigm, the "Relative Dominance Model", provides the perspective to assess the interactive external forcing-mechanisms controlling phase shifts among the dominant benthic functional groups on tropical coral reefs [i.e., microalgal turfs and frondose macroalgae (often harmful) versus reef-building corals and calcareous coralline algae (mostly beneficial due to accretion of calcareous reef framework)]. Manipulative experiments, analyses of existing communities and bioassays tested hypotheses that the relative dominances of these functional groups are mediated by two principal controlling factors: nutrients (i.e., bottom-up control) and herbivory (i.e., top-down control). The results show that reduced nutrients alone do not preclude fleshy algal growth when herbivory is low, and high herbivory alone does not prevent fleshy algal growth when nutrients are elevated. However, reduced nutrients in combination with high herbivory virtually eliminate all forms of fleshy micro- and macro-algae. The findings reveal considerable complexity in that increases in bottom-up nutrient controls and their interactions stimulate harmful fleshy algal blooms (that can alter the abundance patterns among functional groups, even under intense herbivory); conversely, elevated nutrients inhibit the growth of ecologically beneficial reef-building corals. The results show even further complexity in that nutrients also act directly as either limiting factors (e.g., physiological stresses) or as stimulatory mechanisms (e.g., growth enhancing factors), as well as functioning indirectly by influencing competitive outcomes. Herbivory directly reduces fleshy-algal biomass, which indirectly (via competitive release) favors the expansion of grazer-resistant reef-building corals and coralline algae. Because of the sensitive nature of direct/indirect and stimulating/limiting interacting factors, coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic reversal effects that decrease top-down controls and, concomitantly, increase bottom-up controls, dramatically altering ecosystem resiliencies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Littler, MM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM littlerm@si.edu RI Brooks, Barrett/C-5306-2008 NR 165 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 11 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 565 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2005.11.003 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088GT UT WOS:000240800900008 ER PT J AU Foley, CN Nittler, LR Mccoy, TJ Lim, LF Brown, MRM Starr, RD Trombka, JI AF Foley, C. N. Nittler, L. R. McCoy, T. J. Lim, L. F. Brown, M. R. M. Starr, R. D. Trombka, J. I. TI Minor element evidence that Asteroid 433 Eros is a space-weathered ordinary chondrite parent body SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; composition; solar radiation; meteorites; spectroscopy; asteroids; surfaces ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; SULFUR; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE AB The NEAR mission to 433 Eros provided detailed data on the geology, mineralogy, and chemistry of this S-class asteroid [McCoy, T.J., Robinson, M.S., Nittler, L.R., Burbine, T.H., 2002. Chem. Erde 62, 89-121; Cheng, A.E, 1997. Space Sci. Rev. 82, 3-29] with a key science goal of understanding the relationship between asteroids and meteorites [Cheng, A.F., 1997. Space Sci. Rev. 82, 3-29; Gaffey, M.J., Burbine, T.H., Piatek, J.L., Reed, K.L., Chaky, D.A., Bell, J.F., Brown, R.H., 1993a. Icarus 106, 573-602]. Previously reported major element data revealed a bulk surface similar to that of ordinary chondrites, with the notable exception of sulfur, which was highly depleted [Trombka, J.I., and 23 colleagues, 2000. Science 289, 2101-2105; Nittler, L.R., and 14 colleagues, 2001. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 36, 1673-1695]. The origin of this sulfur deficiency, and hence the fundamental nature of the asteroid's surface, has remained controversial. We report a new analysis of NEAR X-ray spectrometer data, indicating that Eros has Cr/Fe, Mn/Fe, and Ni/Fe ratios similar to ordinary chondrite meteorites of type LL or L. Chondritic levels of Cr, Mn, and Ni argue strongly against a partial melting explanation for the sulfur depletion. Instead, our results provide definitive evidence that Eros is a primitive body with composition and mineralogy similar to ordinary chondrites, but with a surface heavily modified by interactions with the solar wind and micrometeorites, processes collectively termed space weathering. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Nittler, LR (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM lrn@dtm.ciw.edu RI Lim, Lucy/C-9557-2012 OI Lim, Lucy/0000-0002-9696-9654 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2006 VL 184 IS 2 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.011 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 091DT UT WOS:000241007200006 ER PT J AU Weitz, CM Irwin, RP Chuang, FC Bourke, MC Crown, DA AF Weitz, Catherine M. Irwin, Rossman P., III Chuang, Frank C. Bourke, Mary C. Crown, David A. TI Formation of a terraced fan deposit in Coprates Catena, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface ID VALLES-MARINERIS; CRATER-LAKE; LANDSLIDES; VOLCANISM; MEMNONIA AB We have studied a terraced fan deposit with unique characteristics located within a trough of Coprates Catena. The fan has an average length of 6.8 km, and is approximately 44 km(2) in area and 18 km(3) in volume. The fan's broad contributing valley is approximately 35 km long and it noticeably increases in depth about 12.8 km before it intersects the trough, where a rounded knickpoint marks the transition between flat-floored upstream and V-shaped downstream cross-sections. A 14-km-long channel with no apparent source enters the contributing valley from the south. A much smaller sinuous channel has incised along a smaller V-shaped valley in the uppermost eastern portion of the fan deposit. We explored several possible origins for the terraced fan, including mass wasting, volcanic flow, alluvial fan, and delta. We propose that water sourced from volcanic melting of ice eroded and transported material along the contributing valley. This material was then deposited as a delta in a lake within the trough. The concentric terraces are most likely the result of shoreline or ice cover erosion during drops in lake level. A light-toned layered deposit to the east of the fan deposit along the floor of the trough may represent a sedimentary unit formed during the terminal stages of the lake. Although other terraced fans have been identified on Mars, the Coprates Catena fan is unique because it has many more terraces and its surface was incised by a channel and associated valley. The identification of several other valleys to the east suggests that volcanic melting of volatiles during the Hesperian Period created favorable conditions for water flow along the plains in this region. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Weitz, CM (reprint author), 1138 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM weitz@psi.edu RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012 OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2006 VL 184 IS 2 BP 436 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.024 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 091DT UT WOS:000241007200012 ER PT J AU Bensch, F Melnick, GJ Neufeld, DA Harwit, M Snell, RL Patten, BM Tolls, V AF Bensch, Frank Melnick, Gary J. Neufeld, David A. Harwit, Martin Snell, Ronald L. Patten, Brian M. Tolls, Volker TI Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 and Deep Impact SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comet Tempel-1; radiative transfer; radio observations; comets, coma ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; EARTH-BASED CAMPAIGN; WATER-VAPOR; COMET-9P/TEMPEL-1; EXCITATION; PHOTOMETRY; NUCLEUS; ODIN; LEE AB On 4 July 2005 at 5:52 UT the Deep Impact mission successfully completed its goal to hit the nucleus of 9P/Tempel 1 with an impactor, forming a crater on the nucleus and ejecting material into the coma of the comet. NASA's Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) observed the 1(10)-1(01) ortho-water ground-state rotational transition in Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before, during, and after the impact. No excess emission from the impact was detected by SWAS and we derive an upper limit of 1.8 x 10(7) kg on the water ice evaporated by the impact. However, the water production rate of the comet showed large natural variations of more than a factor of three during the weeks before and after the impact. Episodes of increased activity with Q(H2O) similar to 10(28) molecules-1 alternated with periods with low outgassing (Q(H2O) less than or similar to 5 x 10(27) molecules(-1)). We estimate that 9P/Tempel 1 vaporized a total of N similar to 4.5 x 10(34) water molecules (similar to 1.3 x 10(9) kg) during June-September 2005. Our observations indicate that only a small fraction of the nucleus of Tempel 1 appears to be covered with active areas. Water vapor is expected to emanate predominantly from topographic features periodically facing the Sun as the comet rotates. We calculate that appreciable asymmetries of these features could lead to a spin-down or spin-up of the nucleus at observable rates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Bensch, F (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM fbensch@astro.uni-bonn.de NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2006 VL 184 IS 2 BP 602 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.016 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 091DT UT WOS:000241007200025 ER PT J AU Ceruzzi, PE Grad, B AF Ceruzzi, Paul E. Grad, Burton TI PC software: Word processing for everyone SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB In January 1975, Popular Electronics featured on its cover a photograph of the Altair computer and, inside the magazine, an article announcing Altair's availability in kit form. One may quibble over whether it was that precise article which inaugurated personal computing, but in any case, within a few short years the PC era had arrived. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ceruzzi, PE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ceruzzip@si.edu; burtgrad@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.1109/MAHC.2006.65 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA 110UW UT WOS:000242407800001 ER PT J AU Sanmartin, JR Lorenzini, EC AF Sanmartin, Juan R. Lorenzini, Enrico C. TI Spherical collectors versus bare tethers for drag, thrust, and power generation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy Japan DE anodic contactors; electrical propulsion; electrodynamic (ED) space tethers; space power ID CYLINDRICAL LANGMUIR PROBES; MOTION-LIMITED REGIME; LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER; SATELLITE; SYSTEMS AB Deorbit, power generation, and thrusting performances of a bare thin-tape tether and an insulated tether with a spherical electron collector are compared for typical conditions in low-Earth orbit and common values of length L = 4-20 kin and cross-sectional area of the tether A = 1-5 mm(2). The relative performance of moderately large spheres, as compared with bare tapes, improves but still lags as one moves from deorbiting to power generation and to thrusting: Maximum drag in deorbiting requires maximum current and, thus, fully reflects on anodic collection capability, whereas extracting power at a load or using a supply to push current against the motional field requires reduced currents. The relative performance also improves as one moves to smaller A, which makes the sphere approach the limiting short-circuit current, and at greater L, with the higher bias only affecting moderately the already large bare-tape current. For a 4-m-diameter sphere, relative performances range from 0.09 sphere-to-bare tether drag ratio for L 4 km and A = 5 mm(2) to 0.82 thrust-efficiency ratio for L 20 kin and A = 1 mm(2). Extremely large spheres collecting the short-circuit current at zero bias at daytime (diameters being about 14 in for A = 1 mm(2) and 31 In for A = 5 mm(2)) barely outperform the bare tape for L = 4 km and are still outperformed by the bare tape for L = 20 kin in both deorbiting and power generation; these large spheres perform like the bare tape in thrusting. In no case was sphere or sphere-related hardware taken into account in evaluating system mass, which would have reduced the sphere performances even further. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Sch Aeronaut Engn, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sanmartin, JR (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Sch Aeronaut Engn, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM jrs@faia.upm.es; enrico.lorenzini@unipd.it NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2133 EP 2139 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883367 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IE UT WOS:000241439800023 ER PT J AU Quiros, DI Emmen, DA Dominguez, E Heller, MV Coley, PD Kursar, TA AF Quiros, Dora I. Emmen, Daniel A. Dominguez, Edwin Heller, Maria V. Coley, Phyllis D. Kursar, Thomas A. TI A rapid, efficient method for the bioassay of extracts, fractions and compounds for activity against tropical aphids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE plant metabolites; protein extracts; Sternorrhyncha; artificial diet; colonies; clonal; tropicalforest ID POTATO APHID; MYZUS-PERSICAE; INSECT PESTS; INHIBITS DEVELOPMENT; SNOWDROP LECTIN; PESTICIDES; HOMOPTERA; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION AB Although aphids remain serious pests, bioassay-guided purification of anti-aphid compounds depends upon assays that are laborious and often have incomplete descriptions of methods. We provide the protocol for a rapid, efficient assay using a 96-well microtiter plate format for testing extracts for activity against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae), and the black bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Assays of extracts composed of low molecular weight metabolites from 28 species of plants from 15 families from Panamanian forest showed variation in toxicity to A. craccivora. Three metabolite extracts and one protein extract were active, with more than 70% mortality in 72 In, averaged over three independent experiments. For three species of plants with protein extracts having intermediate activity, the metabolite extracts were inactive; hence, the activity probably was due to the toxic proteins, rather than contaminating toxic metabolites. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Panama, Estafeta Univ, Dept Zool, Panama City, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kursar, TA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM kursar@biology.utah.edu NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1080/09670870600847525 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 108IS UT WOS:000242234100010 ER PT J AU Stein, DL Drazen, JC Schlining, KL Barry, JP Kuhnz, L AF Stein, D. L. Drazen, J. C. Schlining, K. L. Barry, J. P. Kuhnz, L. TI Snailfishes of the central California coast: video, photographic and morphological observations SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; Liparidae; morphology; snailfishes; video ID SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; MONTEREY BAY; DEEP-REEF; OREGON; FISHES; SUBMERSIBLES; CAREPROCTUS; BEHAVIOR; ANIMALS; OCEAN AB Video and photographic images of snailfishes (Liparidae) collected by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, augmented by specimens collected simultaneously, were analysed. Nine species in five genera were identified, including Careproctus melanurus, Careproctus ovigerus, Careproctus longifilis, Careproctus gilberti, Careproctus filamentosus, Osteodiscus cascadiae, Nectoliparis pelagicus, Paraliparis dactylosus and Rhinoliparis barbulifer. Voucher specimens were collected of all except C. melanurus, C. gilberti and C. filamentosus. In addition, individuals of the Paraliparis 'rosaceus' species group were abundant but could not be identified to species. Many liparids were identified only to family, but an individual of a very distinctive unknown species, presumably undescribed, was videotaped. Relative abundance of C. melanurus was estimated, and several in situ snailfish behaviours are described for the first time. (c) 2006 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. C1 Smithsonian Inst, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Stein, DL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.stein@oregonstate.edu RI Drazen, Jeffrey/C-1197-2013 OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9613-3833 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 970 EP 986 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01167.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 083XS UT WOS:000240493000002 ER PT J AU Georgescu, MD Huber, BT AF Georgescu, Marius D. Huber, Brian T. TI Paracostellagerina nov gen., a meridionally costellate planktonic foraminiferal genus of the Middle Cretaceous (latest Albian-earliest Cenomanian) SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EL-NAKHAL; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CLASSIFICATION; PETTERS AB A new genus is proposed to accommodate strongly ornamented hedbergellids of the latest Albian-earliest Cenomanian. Paracostellagerina nov. gen. is characterized by asymmetrical test ornamentation, rugosities, and costellae that are meridionally arranged on the umbilical side and parallel to the periphery on the spiral side. This genus has a global distribution within tropical-subtropical latitudes and, because of its short stratigraphic range, it is a valuable biomarker for correlation of uppermost Albian-lowermost Cenomanian sequences. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Georgescu, MD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, 10th & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM georgescum@si.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 4 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.2113/gsjfr.36.4.368 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 101BZ UT WOS:000241715200006 ER PT J AU Gibson, GAP Gates, MW Buntin, GD AF Gibson, Gary A. P. Gates, Mfchael W. Buntin, G. David TI Parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in Georgia, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; MEXICO HYMENOPTERA; PTEROMALIDAE; REVISION; WALKER AB Five families and 13 species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) were obtained from mass-reared seedpods of Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) as putative parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Georgia, USA. The species are Conura torvina (Cresson) (Chalcididae), Euderus glaucus Yoshimoto and Necrenums tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae), Brasema allynii (French) n. comb. (from Eupelmus Dalman) and Eupelmus cyaniceps Ashmead (Eupelmidae), Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead (Eurytomidae), and Lyrcus incertus (Ashmead), L. maculatus (Gahan), L. perdubius (Girault), Mesopolobus moryoides Gibson, Neocatolaccus tylodermae (Ashmead), Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead) and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae). An illustrated key is provided to differentiate the taxa. Lyrcus maculatus constituted about 96% of all reared Pteromalidae and 86% of the total parasitoid fauna. The associations of B. allynii, E. glaucus, E. cyaniceps, E. tylodermatis, L. incertus, N. tylodermae, Pteromalus sp. and P. cerealellae with C. obstrictus are new, but some of these species likely are hyperparasitoids or emerged from insect contaminants of the mass-reared seedpods. The only previous report of a parasitoid of C. obstrictus in eastern North America, Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) (Pteromalidae), is a misidentification. The parasitoid fauna of C. obstrictus in Georgia is discussed relative to that known for western North America. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers & Integrated Pest Management, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Georgia Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Gibson, GAP (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers & Integrated Pest Management, KW Neatby Bldg,960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM gibsong@agr.gc.ca NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 187 EP 207 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 138DH UT WOS:000244342800002 ER PT J AU Ho, JS Collette, BB Madinabeitia, L AF Ho, Ju-shey Collette, Bruce B. Madinabeitia, Ione TI Host specificity of Lepeophtheirus crassus (Wilson and bere) (Copepoda : Caligidae) parasitic on the marlin sucker Remora osteochir (Cuvier) in the Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB species of remoras - Remora brachyptera (Lowe), Remora osteochir (Cuvier), and Remora remora (Linnaeus) - were collected from 4 species of billfishes - Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw), Makaira nigricans Lacepede, Tetrapturus albidus Poey, and Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins and de Sylva - on board a Japanese long-liner Shoyo Maru during her cruise in 2002 across the Atlantic. However, only the marlin sucker (R. osteochir) was found to carry a parasitic copepod, Lepeophtheirus crassus (Wilson and Bere, 1936). Although 12 species of parasitic copepods have been reported from billfishes around the world ocean, none of them is L. crassus. Thus, L. crassus is considered a parasite specific to the marlin sucker. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Ho, JS (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM jsho@csulb.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1115 DI 10.1645/GE-837R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 105SJ UT WOS:000242052300039 PM 17152964 ER PT J AU Miglietta, MP AF Miglietta, Maria Pia TI Hydractinza antonii sp nov.: a new, partially calcified hydractiniid (Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Hydractiniidae) from Alaska SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article AB A new partially calcified hydroid species of the Family Hydractiniidae, was found in offshore waters of the Aleutian Islands (Alaska), dredged from the bottom at 139-145 m depth. This is the third known species of extant calcified Hydractiniidae, and it shows a unique colony structure. The base is heavily calcified and the distal parts are ramified and have a solid chitinous structure. Branches are all in one plane and the colony reaches up to 18 cm in height. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Miglietta, MP (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Noas Lab, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM migliettam@si.edu NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 86 IS 5 BP 993 EP 996 DI 10.1017/S0025315406013968 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 095MD UT WOS:000241311000009 ER PT J AU Zanol, J Bettoso, N AF Zanol, Joana Bettoso, Nicola TI Identity of Eunice roussaei (Eunicidae : Polychaeta : Annelida) from the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article AB The long discussion on the identity of the large Eunice species from the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas is a result of the broader discussion on the identity and synonymy of Eunice roussaei and Eunice aphrodilois. Here we show that the species occurring in the Adriatic Sea is Eunice roussaei and how this species can be differentiated from Eunice aphroditois; we also characterize the Mediterranean Eunice roussaei. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Osserv Alto Adriat, ARPA FVG, I-34010 Trieste, Italy. RP Zanol, J (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 2023 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM jzanol@gwu.edu RI Zanol, Joana/J-6263-2016 OI Zanol, Joana/0000-0002-2178-791X NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1024 DI 10.1017/S0025315406013993 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 095MD UT WOS:000241311000012 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, Sheila TI Jack's widow. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Riley, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 131 IS 16 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 091RW UT WOS:000241047000057 ER PT J AU Jones, FA Hubbell, SP AF Jones, F. A. Hubbell, S. . P. TI Demographic spatial genetic structure of the Neotropical tree, Jacaranda copaia SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; Bignoniaceae; biparental inbreeding; nonequilibrium dynamics; seed rain; Sp statistic; wind dispersal ID TROPICAL TREE; SEED DISPERSAL; DEPENDENT RECRUITMENT; CECROPIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; LIFE STAGES; EL-NINO; FOREST; POPULATION AB We used genotypes from six microsatellite loci and demographic data from a large mapped forest plot to study changes in spatial genetic structure across demographic stages, from seed rain to seedlings, juveniles, and adult diameter classes in the Neotropical tree, Jacaranda copaia. In pairwise comparisons of genetic differentiation among demographic classes, only seedlings were significantly differentiated from the other diameter classes; F-ST values ranged from 0.006 to 0.009. Furthermore, only seedlings showed homozygote excess suggesting biparental inbreeding in the large diameter reproductive adults. We found very low levels of relatedness in the first distance class of trees, 1-26 cm diameter (F-ij = 0.011). However, there was a 5- to 10-fold rise in relatedness in the smallest distance class, from the smallest to the largest tree diameter classes (F-ij = 0.110 for individuals > 56 cm diameter). A variety of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms have been invoked perviously to explain such a pattern, including natural selection, history, or nonequilibrium population dynamics. The long-term demographic data available for this species allow us to evaluate these mechanisms. Jacaranda is a fast-growing, light-demanding species with low recruitment rates and high mortality rates in the smaller diameter classes. It successfully regenerates only in large light gaps, which occur infrequently and stochastically in space and time. These factors contribute to the nonequilibrium population dynamics and observed low genetic structure in the small size classes. We conclude that the pattern of spatial genetic transitions in Jacaranda is consistent with overlapping related generations and strong but infrequent periods of high recruitment, followed by long periods of population decline. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jones, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM jonesf@si.edu RI Jones, Andy/C-3460-2009 NR 57 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 11 BP 3205 EP 3217 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03023.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 083FC UT WOS:000240440800009 PM 16968265 ER PT J AU Warren, BH Bermingham, E Prys-Jones, RP Thebaud, C AF Warren, Ben H. Bermingham, Eldredge Prys-Jones, Robert P. Thebaud, Christophe TI Immigration, species radiation and extinction in a highly diverse songbird lineage: white-eyes on Indian Ocean islands SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversification; extinction; immigration; Indian Ocean islands; molecular phylogeny; Zosterops ID COLONIZATION HISTORY; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; SEA LEVELS; EVOLUTION; DIVERSIFICATION; SUBSTITUTION; PHYLOGENY; INFERENCE; ECOLOGY; BIRDS AB Molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of species-rich lineages in regions where geological history can be reliably inferred may provide insights into the scale of processes driving diversification. Here we sample all extant or recently extinct white-eye (Zosterops) taxa of the southwest Indian Ocean, combined with samples from all principal continental lineages. Results support a high dispersal capability, with at least two independent continental sources for white-eyes of the region. An early (within 1.8 million years ago) expansion into the Indian Ocean may have originated either from Asia or Africa; the three resulting lineages show a disparate distribution consistent with considerable extinction following their arrival. Africa is supported as the origin of a later expansion into the region (within 1.2 million years ago). On two islands, a pair of Zosterops species derived from independent immigrations into the Indian Ocean co-occur or may have formerly co-occurred, providing strong support for their origin by double-island colonization rather than within-island (sympatric or microallopatric) speciation. On Mauritius and La Reunion, phylogenetic placement of sympatric white-eyes allow us to rule out a scenario in which independent within-island speciation occurred on both islands; one of the species pairs must have arisen by double colonization, while the other pair is likely to have arisen by the same mechanism. Long-distance immigration therefore appears to be responsible for much of the region's white-eye diversity. Independent immigrations into the region have resulted in lineages with mutually exclusive distributions and it seems likely that competition with congeneric species, rather than arrival frequency, may limit present-day diversity. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Museum Hist Nat, Dept Zool, Bird Grp, Tring HP23 6AP, Herts, England. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5174, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. RP Warren, BH (reprint author), Univ Reading, Plant Sci Labs, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England. EM b.warren@reading.ac.uk RI Thebaud, Christophe/N-3916-2016 OI Thebaud, Christophe/0000-0002-8586-1234 NR 44 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 12 BP 3769 EP 3786 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03058.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 093GX UT WOS:000241157400022 PM 17032273 ER PT J AU Auld, R Minchin, RF Davies, JI Catinella, B van Driel, W Henning, PA Linder, S Momjian, E Muller, E O'Neil, K Sabatini, S Schneider, S Bothun, G Cortese, L Disney, M Hoffman, GL Putman, M Rosenberg, JL Baes, M de Blok, WJG Boselli, A Brinks, E Brosch, N Irwin, J Karachentsev, ID Kilborn, VA Koribalski, B Spekkens, K AF Auld, R. Minchin, R. F. Davies, J. I. Catinella, B. van Driel, W. Henning, P. A. Linder, S. Momjian, E. Muller, E. O'Neil, K. Sabatini, S. Schneider, S. Bothun, G. Cortese, L. Disney, M. Hoffman, G. L. Putman, M. Rosenberg, J. L. Baes, M. de Blok, W. J. G. Boselli, A. Brinks, E. Brosch, N. Irwin, J. Karachentsev, I. D. Kilborn, V. A. Koribalski, B. Spekkens, K. TI The Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey: precursor observations of the NGC 628 group SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; Galaxy : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; galaxies : structure ID HI MASS FUNCTION; ALL-SKY-SURVEY; BRIGHTEST HIPASS GALAXIES; HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; VIRGO-CLUSTER; INTRAGROUP MEDIUM; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; DIFFUSE LIGHT; BLIND SURVEY; GAS AB The Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey (AGES) is one of several H I surveys utilizing the new Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFA) fitted to the 305-m radio telescope at Arecibo.(a) The survey is specifically designed to investigate various galactic environments to higher sensitivity, higher velocity resolution and higher spatial resolution than previous fully sampled, 21-cm multibeam surveys. The emphasis is on making detailed observations of nearby objects although the large system bandwidth (100 MHz) will allow us to quantify the H I properties over a large instantaneous velocity range. In this paper, we describe the survey and its goals and present the results from the precursor observations of a 5 x 1 -deg(2) region containing the nearby (similar to 10 Mpc) NGC 628 group. We have detected all the group galaxies in the region including the low-mass (M-HI similar to 10(7) M-.) dwarf, dw0137+1541. The fluxes and velocities for these galaxies compare well with previously published data. There is no intragroup neutral gas detected down to a limiting column density of 2 x 10(18) cm(-2). In addition to the group galaxies we have detected 22 galaxies beyond the NGC 628 group, nine of which are previously uncatalogued. We present the Hi data for these objects and also SuperCOSMOS images for possible optical galaxies that might be associated with the H I signal. We have used V/V-max analysis to model how many galaxies beyond 1000 km s(-1) should be detected and compare this with our results. The predicted number of detectable galaxies varies depending on the H I mass function (HIMF) used in the analysis. Unfortunately the precursor survey area is too small to determine whether this is saying anything fundamental about the HIMF or simply highlighting the effect of low number statistics. This is just one of many questions that will be addressed by the complete AGES survey. C1 Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Observ Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ New Mexico, Inst Astrophys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. INAF, OAR, I-00040 Rome, Italy. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Lafayette Coll, Hugel Sci Ctr, Easton, PA 18042 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, B-900 Ghent, Belgium. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, RSAA, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille, France. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Zelencukskaya 369167, Karachai Cherke, Russia. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Auld, R (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. EM robbie.auld@astro.cf.ac.uk RI Brosch, Noah/C-7889-2009; Minchin, Robert/F-6343-2012; Baes, Maarten/I-6985-2013; OI Brinks, Elias/0000-0002-7758-9699; Minchin, Robert/0000-0002-1261-6641; Baes, Maarten/0000-0002-3930-2757; Catinella, Barbara/0000-0002-7625-562X; Sabatini, Sabina/0000-0003-2076-5767; Cortese, Luca/0000-0002-7422-9823 NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 4 BP 1617 EP 1640 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10761.x PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 084WG UT WOS:000240564500009 ER PT J AU Roberts, TP Kilgard, RE Warwick, RS Goad, MR Ward, MJ AF Roberts, T. P. Kilgard, R. E. Warwick, R. S. Goad, M. R. Ward, M. J. TI Chandra monitoring observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5204 X-1 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies ID MASS BLACK-HOLES; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; HOLMBERG-IX X-1; SOURCE POPULATION; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; M82 X-1; ACCRETION DISK; STAR-FORMATION AB We report the results of a two-month campaign conducted with the Chandra X-ray observatory to monitor the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 5204 X-1. This was composed of a 50-ks observation, followed by ten 5-ks follow-ups spaced initially at similar to 3, then at similar to 10-d intervals. The ULX flux is seen to vary by factors similar to 5 on time-scales of a few days, but no strong variability is seen on time-scales shorter than an hour. There is no evidence for a periodic signal in the X-ray data. An examination of the X-ray colour variations over the period of the campaign shows the ULX emission consistently becomes spectrally harder as its flux increases. The X-ray spectrum from the 50-ks observation can be fitted by a number of disparate spectral models, all of which describe a smooth continuum with, unusually for a ULX, a broad emission feature evident at 0.96 keV. The spectral variations, both within the 50-ks observation and over the course of the whole campaign, can then be explained solely by variations in the continuum component. In the context of an optically thick corona model (as found in other recent results for ULXs) the spectral variations can be explained by the heating of the corona as the luminosity of the ULX increases, consistent with the behaviour of at least one Galactic black hole system in the strongly Comptonized very high state. We find no new evidence supporting the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole in this ULX. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observ Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Roberts, TP (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observ Astron Grp, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM tro@star.le.ac.uk NR 85 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 4 BP 1877 EP 1890 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10821.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 084WG UT WOS:000240564500034 ER PT J AU Yamazaki, R Kohri, K Bamba, A Yoshida, T Tsuribe, T Takahara, F AF Yamazaki, Ryo Kohri, Kazunori Bamba, Aya Yoshida, Tatsuo Tsuribe, Toru Takahara, Furnio TI TeV gamma-rays from old supernova remnants SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; ISM : clouds; supernova remnants; gamma-rays : theory; X-rays : ISM ID DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; SOURCE HESS J1303-631; SNR RX J1713.7-3946; NONTHERMAL X-RAYS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; CRAB-NEBULA; COSMIC-RAYS AB We study the emission from an old supernova remnant (SNR) with an age of around 10(5) yr and that from a giant molecular cloud (GMC) encountered by the SNR. When the SNR age is around 10(5) yr, proton acceleration is efficient enough to emit TeV gamma-rays both at the shock of the SNR and that in the GMC. The maximum energy of primarily accelerated electrons is so small that TeV gamma-rays and X-rays are dominated by hadronic processes, pi(o)-decay and synchrotron radiation from secondary electrons, respectively. However, if the SNR is older than several 10(5) yr, there are few high-energy particles emitting TeV gamma-rays because of the energy-loss effect and/or the wave-damping effect occurring at low-velocity isothermal shocks. For old SNRs or SNR-GMC interacting systems capable of generating TeV gamma-ray emitting particles, we calculated the ratio of TeV gamma-ray (1-10 TeV) to X-ray (2-10 keV) energy flux and found that it can be more than similar to 10(2). Such a source showing large flux ratio may be a possible origin of recently discovered unidentified TeV sources. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Yamazaki, R (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. EM ryo@theo.phys.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp NR 56 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 4 BP 1975 EP 1982 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10832.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 084WG UT WOS:000240564500043 ER PT J AU Fishman, GJ Grindlay, JE Hong, J Hartmann, DH Vadawale, S Wilson-Hodge, CA AF Fishman, G. J. Grindlay, J. E. Hong, J. Hartmann, D. H. Vadawale, S. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. TI All-sky hard X-ray spectral line survey with EXIST SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE gamma-ray astronomy; X-ray astronomy; space astronomy instrumentation and missions; nucleosynthesis ID EMISSION; NOVAE AB The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST), under study to be the Black Hole Finder Probe in NASA's Beyond Einstein Program, would image the sky every 95 min in the energy range 10-600 keV. Although the main scientific objectives of EXIST are the systematic, all-sky survey of heavily obscured AGNs and gamma-ray bursts, there is a substantial capability of EXIST for the observation of transient and persistent hard X-ray lines from several astrophysical sources. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hartmann, DH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM hdieter@clemson.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.059 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100040 ER PT J AU Calderon, AI Romero, LI Ortega-Barria, E Brun, R Correa, AMD Gupta, MP AF Calderon, Angela I. Romero, Luz I. Ortega-Barria, Eduardo Brun, Reto Correa A., Mireya D. Gupta, Mahabir P. TI Evaluation of larvicidal and in vitro antiparasitic activities of plants in a biodiversity plot in the Altos de Campana National Park, Panama SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antileishmanial; antimalarial; antitrypanosomal; biodiversity plot; larvicidal; Panama ID ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; SOLANUM-NUDUM; ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY; STEROIDAL SAPONINS; METHYL GALLATE; XANTHONES; LEAVES; CYTOTOXICITY; CONSTITUENTS AB This TDR/WHO project was carried out from 2003 to 2005 in an 0.1-ha biodiversity plot in the Altos de Campana National Park to discover novel active antiparasitic and larvicidal compounds in Panamanian plants. One-hundred-fifty organic plant extracts representing 43 families, 73 genera, and 93 species were tested in a panel of antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum W2, chloroquine resistant), antileishmanial (Leishmania mexicana amastigotes), antitrypanosomal (rypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes), and larvicidal (Aedes aegypti) screens. Of these 150 plant extracts, two (1.3%) ( Talisia nervosa and Topobea parasitica) showed significant antimalarial activity (IC50 values < 10 mu g/ml), two (1.3%) (Cestrum megalophyllum and Zanthoxylum acuminatum) weak antileishmanial activity (IC50 values ranging from 10 to 20 mu g/ml), one (0.6%) (Zanthoxylum acuminatum) weak antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 values ranging from 10 to 20 mu g/ml), and one 0.6%) (Piper fimbriula-tum) larvicidal activity (LC100 values < 30 mu g/ml). Ethyl gallate (1) and methyl gallate (2) were isolated from stems of Talisia nervosa by bioassay-guided fractionation. Both (1) and (2) showed weak in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum (IC50 35.3 mu M and IC50 38.0 mu M, respectively), but both compounds were less active than chloroquine (IC50 0.088 mu M). Moreover, compounds (1) (IC50 33.1 mu M) and (2) (IC50 33.6 mu M) showed weakly antileishmanial activity miltefosine: IC50 0.5 mu M), but they were not cytotoxic to Vero mammalian cells. C1 Univ Panama, Fac Farm, CIFLORPAN, Panama City, Panama. SENACYT, Inst Inves Cient Avanzadas & Serv Alta Tecnol, INDICASAT, Panama City, Panama. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Harbario Univ Panama, Panama City, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Gupta, MP (reprint author), Univ Panama, Fac Farm, CIFLORPAN, Panama City, Panama. EM cytedqff@ancon.up.ac.pa OI Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1080/13880200600878361 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 093MF UT WOS:000241171700001 ER PT J AU Molinar-Toribio, E Gonzalez, J Ortega-Barria, E Capson, TL Coley, PD Kursar, TA McPhail, K Cubilla-Rios, L AF Molinar-Toribio, Eunice Gonzalez, Jose Ortega-Barria, Eduardo Capson, Todd L. Coley, Phyllis D. Kursar, Thomas A. McPhail, Kerry Cubilla-Rios, Luis TI Antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi of Xanthones isolated from Chrysochlamys tenuis SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chrysochlamys tenuis; ICBG; leishmania; malaria; tropical diseases; Trypanosoma cruzi; xanthone ID ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS; DRUG DISCOVERY AB One new prenylated xanthone, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-4-isoprenylxanthone (1), along with four previously known prenylated xanthones, ananixanthone (2), 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,4-diisoprenylaxnthone (3), 8-desoxygartanin (4), and toxyloxanthone A (5), have been isolated from Chryso-chlamys tenuis (Hammel) (Clusiaceae). Compound 1 showed moderate activity (31 +/- 9 mu M) against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, and compounds 3 and 5 showed the highest antimalarial potency, IC50 20 +/- 2 and 16 +/- 4 mu M, respectively. Evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi, compound 1 presented negligible activity, but compounds 2, 3, and 4 showed mild anti-trypanosomal activity with IC50 values of 23 +/- 4, 21 +/- 5, and 24 +/- 3 mu M, respectively. All structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy in combination with UV, IR, and MS spectral data. C1 Univ Panama, Lab Trop Bioorgan Chem, Fac Nat Exact Sci & Technol, Panama City, Panama. Secretaria Nacl Ciencia Tecnol & Innovac, Inst Invest Cient Avanzados & Serv Alta Tecnol, Clayton, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cubilla-Rios, L (reprint author), Univ Panama, Lab Trop Bioorgan Chem, Fac Nat Exact Sci & Technol, Panama City, Panama. EM lucr@ancon.up.ac.pa NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 550 EP 553 DI 10.1080/13880200600885234 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 093MF UT WOS:000241171700011 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Smith, RK Kirby, K Brickhouse, NS Wargelin, BJ AF Chen, G. X. Smith, R. K. Kirby, K. Brickhouse, N. S. Wargelin, B. J. TI Fully relativistic R-matrix calculation of electron impact excitation of NeIX SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; NEON; DIAGNOSTICS; LIFETIME; SPECTRA; OXYGEN AB We report on a fully relativistic close-coupling (CC) calculation of the electron impact excitation (EIE) of Ne IX. The multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method was used in a calculation of Ne IX atomic structure. The EIE calculation of Ne IX was carried out using the Dirac R-matrix method and the MCDF orbitals for principal quantum number n <= 5 with target states up to n=5 corresponding to 49CC (49 target states in the CC expansion). The EIE calculation included both resonance and channel coupling effects. We demonstrate that strong resonances appear in the excitation of the highly charged ion Ne IX, in particular for intercombination and forbidden transitions. Compared to less highly charged He-like ions, we show that for Ne IX all N-shell and O-shell levels start to give rise to Rydberg resonant states dipping just below M-shell and N-shell target thresholds, respectively. In comparison with previous calculations carried out with either the close-coupling or the distorted wave method, our calculations show significant differences with respect to cross sections and effective collision strengths. The important Ne IX line intensity G ratio (G=(i+f)/r)=[forbidden+intercombination]/resonance) calculated based on our MCDF and Dirac R-matrix results is in good agreement with the existing accurate EBIT measurements. This calculation has direct applications to laboratory measurements and observations of astrophysical x-ray sources. C1 ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042709 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100091 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Tan, JN Gillaspy, JD Pomeroy, JM Silver, E AF Ralchenko, Yuri Tan, Joseph N. Gillaspy, J. D. Pomeroy, Joshua M. Silver, Eric TI Accurate modeling of benchmark x-ray spectra from highly charged ions of tungsten SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; LINE INTENSITIES; MICROCALORIMETER; TRANSITIONS; RESOLUTION; TRAP; TA; HF AB We present detailed collisional-radiative modeling for a benchmark x-ray spectrum of highly charged tungsten ions in the range between 3 and 10 A produced in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) with a beam energy of 4.08 keV. Remarkably good agreement between calculated and measured spectra was obtained without adjustable parameters, highlighting the well-controlled experimental conditions and the sophistication of the kinetic simulation of the non-Maxwellian tungsten plasma. This agreement permitted the identification of spectral lines from Cu-like W45+ and Ni-like W46+ ions, led to the reinterpretation of a previously known line in Ni-like ion as an overlap of electric-quadrupole and magnetic-octupole lines, and revealed subtle features in the x-ray spectrum arising from the dominance of forbidden transitions between excited states. The importance of level population mechanisms specific to the EBIT plasma is discussed as well. C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042514 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100081 ER PT J AU Anderson, JD AF Anderson, John D., Jr. TI Boundary layers, Prandtls and others - Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Anderson, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Independence Ave & 6th St SW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM andersonja@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2006 VL 59 IS 10 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091IC UT WOS:000241019500005 ER PT J AU DeWalt, SJ Ickes, K Nilus, R Harms, KE Burslem, DFRP AF DeWalt, Saara J. Ickes, Kalan Nilus, Reuben Harms, Kyle E. Burslem, David F. R. P. TI Liana habitat associations and community structure in a Bornean lowland tropical forest SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dipterocarp forest; diversity; habitat specialization; randomization tests; Sabah; vines ID NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MULU-NATIONAL-PARK; VESSEL DIMENSIONS; EDAPHIC SPECIALIZATION; DIPTEROCARP FORESTS; TREES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; MELASTOMATACEAE; WATER AB Lianas (woody vines) contribute substantially to the diversity and structure of most tropical forests, yet little is known about the importance of habitat specialization in maintaining tropical liana diversity and the causes of variation among forests in liana abundance and species composition. We examined habitat associations, species diversity, species composition, and community structure of lianas at Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia in northeastern Borneo among three soil types that give rise to three distinct forest types of lowland tropical rain forest: alluvial, sandstone hill, and kerangas (heath) forest. Alluvial soils are more nutrient rich and have higher soil moisture than sandstone soils, whereas kerangas soils are the most nutrient poor and drought prone. Lianas >= 0.5-cm in diameter were measured, tagged, and identified to species in three square 0.25-ha plots in each forest type. The number of lianas >= 0.5 cm did not differ significantly among forest types and averaged 1348 lianas ha(-1), but mean liana stem diameter, basal area, estimated biomass, species richness, and Fisher's alpha diversity index were all greater for plots in alluvial than sandstone or kerangas forests. Liana species composition also differed greatly among the three habitats, with 71% of species showing significant positive or negative habitat associations. Sandstone forests were intermediate to alluvial and kerangas forests in most aspects of liana community structure and composition, and fewer species showed significant habitat associations with this forest type. Ranking of forest types with respect to liana density, biomass, and diversity matches the ranking in soil fertility and water availability (alluvial > sandstone hill > kerangas). These results suggest that edaphic factors play an important role in maintaining liana species diversity and structuring liana communities. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. Forest Res Ctr, Sandakan 90715, Sabah, Malaysia. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP DeWalt, SJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM saarad@clemson.edu OI Burslem, David/0000-0001-6033-0990 NR 63 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 186 IS 2 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9123-6 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 082PP UT WOS:000240399100005 ER PT J AU Joron, M Papa, R Beltran, M Chamberlain, N Mavarez, J Baxter, S Abanto, M Bermingham, E Humphray, SJ Rogers, J Beasley, H Barlow, K Ffrench-Constant, RH Mallet, J McMillan, WO Jiggins, CD AF Joron, Mathieu Papa, Riccardo Beltran, Margarita Chamberlain, Nicola Mavarez, Jesus Baxter, Simon Abanto, Moises Bermingham, Eldredge Humphray, Sean J. Rogers, Jane Beasley, Helen Barlow, Karen ffrench-Constant, Richard H. Mallet, James McMillan, W. Owen Jiggins, Chris D. TI A conserved supergene locus controls colour pattern diversity in Heliconius butterflies SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIS-REGULATORY EVOLUTION; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; PARALLEL EVOLUTION; MULLERIAN MIMICRY; NATURAL-SELECTION; PAPILIO-DARDANUS; COMPUTER PACKAGE; WARNING COLOR; CHANCE CAUGHT; MELPOMENE AB We studied whether similar developmental genetic mechanisms are involved in both convergent and divergent evolution. Mimetic insects are known for their diversity of patterns as well as their remarkable evolutionary convergence, and they have played an important role in controversies over the respective roles of selection and constraints in adaptive evolution. Here we contrast three butterfly species, all classic examples of Mullerian mimicry. We used a genetic linkage map to show that a locus, Yb, which controls the presence of a yellow band in geographic races of Heliconius melpomene, maps precisely to the same location as the locus Cr, which has very similar phenotypic effects in its co-mimic H. erato. Furthermore, the same genomic location acts as a "supergene", determining multiple sympatric morphs in a third species, H. numata. H. numata is a species with a very different phenotypic appearance, whose many forms mimic different unrelated ithomiine butterflies in the genus Melinaea. Other unlinked colour pattern loci map to a homologous linkage group in the co-mimics H. melpomene and H. erato, but they are not involved in mimetic polymorphism in H. numata. Hence, a single region from the multilocus colour pattern architecture of H. melpomene and H. erato appears to have gained control of the entire wing-pattern variability in H. numata, presumably as a result of selection for mimetic "supergene" polymorphism without intermediates. Although we cannot at this stage confirm the homology of the loci segregating in the three species, our results imply that a conserved yet relatively unconstrained mechanism underlying pattern switching can affect mimicry in radically different ways. We also show that adaptive evolution, both convergent and diversifying, can occur by the repeated involvement of the same genomic regions. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolut Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, Leiden, Netherlands. UCL, Dept Biol, Galton Lab, London, England. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Jiron Alegria Arias Morey, Tarapoto, Peru. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. RP Joron, M (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolut Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM mathieu.joron@ed.ac.uk RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008; Joron, Mathieu/C-9178-2009; mallet, james/B-5114-2008; OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X; Joron, Mathieu/0000-0003-1043-4147; ffrench-Constant, Richard/0000-0001-5385-9888; Mallet, James/0000-0002-3370-0367 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/09074] NR 54 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 6 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1831 EP 1840 AR e303 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040303 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 095WC UT WOS:000241338000015 PM 17002517 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, E. E. TI Two new species of Torymoides Walker (Hymenoptera : Torymidae) from the American southwest, with a key to Nearctic species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Torymoides; Nearctic species AB Two new species of Torymoides are described: T. comicus Grissell and T. tragicus Grissell. Each is illustrated and a key is given to described Nearctic species. The new species have not been reared. but T. comucus may be associated with insects infesting flower heads of Asteraceae or galls on Fabaceae. The new species are reported from Arizona, western Texas, and central Mexico (Michoacan). C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), POB 739, Sonoita, AZ 85637 USA. EM egrissell@dtg-llc.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 765 EP 773 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200003 ER PT J AU Sosa-Calvo, J Shattuck, SO Schultz, TR AF Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey Shattuck, Steven O. Schultz, Ted R. TI Dacetine ants of Panama: New records and description of a new species (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae : Dacetini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Central America; leaf litter; Pyramica panamensis; systematics; taxonomy AB Pyramica and Strumigenys are the most speciose dacetine (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Dacetini) genera in the world. A new ant species in the Pyramica alberti group is described from leaf-litter surveys conducted in the Canal Zone, Panama. Pyramica panamensis, new species, is similar to P. fridericimuelleri, P. nigrescens, and P. parsauga, but differs from those species in having strongly reduced eyes and a distinct promesonotal carina. A couplet is added to Bolton's (2000) key to Pyramica in order to accommodate the new species. New Central American records for two species in the dacetine genera Pyramica and one in Strumigenys are reported, and a checklist of the known Panamanian dacetine species is presented. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Maryland Ctr Systemat Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sosa-Calvo, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Maryland Ctr Systemat Entomol, 4112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sossajef@si.edu; steve.shattuck@csiro.au; schultz@lab.si.edu RI Shattuck, Steve/B-2258-2009 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 814 EP 821 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200008 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI Resurrection of the plant bug genus Pappus distant, with clarification of included species (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Miridae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Mirinae; Pappus; Platylygus; new and revised synonymies; new combinations AB The genus Pappus (revised status), with P. sordidus Distant as the type species is resurrected from synonymy under the orthotyline genus Ceratocapsus Reuter, redescribed, transferred to the subfamily Mirinae, tribe Mirini, and shown to be the senior synonym of Platylygus Van Duzee, new synonymy. As a result, the 31 species previously placed in Platylygus represent new combinations in the genus Pappus. Pappus breviceps Osborn and Drake is transferred from the subfamily Orthotylinae, tribe Ceratocapsini, in the genus Ceratocapsus Reuter to the subfamily Mirinae, nominate tribe Mirini, as a member of the genus Tropidosteptes Uhler and as a junior synonym of T fasciatus (Distant), new synonymy. Pappus egens Distant and P. insignis Distant are tentatively retained in the genus Ceratocapsus (Orthotylinae: Ceratocapsini), pending further study; Pappus sordidus and Tropidosteptes fasciatus are redescribed; and a dorsal photograph for each of the four species is provided. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 822 EP 829 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200009 ER PT J AU Conle, OV Hennemann, FH Perez-Gelabert, DE AF Conle, Oskar V. Hennemann, Frank H. Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. TI Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea III: A new species of the genus Anisomorpha Gray, 1835 (Phasmatodea : Pseudophasmatidae : Pseudophasmatinae) from Hispaniola SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE stick insects; phasmids; anisomorphini; taxonomy; Greater Antilles; Dominican Republic AB Anisomorpha clara, n. sp., from Hispaniola is described and illustrated from both sexes. It is the first record of true Anisomorpha Gray, 1835, in the Greater Antilles. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Conle, OV (reprint author), Goldbachweg 24, D-87538 Bolsterlang, Germany. EM conle@phasmatodea.com; hennemann@phasmatodea.com; perez.daniel@nmnh.si.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 885 EP 891 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200015 ER PT J AU Brown, JW AF Brown, John W. TI A new species of Cochylis (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Cochylini) from Argentina: A potential biocontrol agent against pompom weed (Asteraceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE neotropics; South Africa; morphology; invasive species; Campuloclinium macrocephalum ID ZOEGANA L LEPIDOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPETITION; AUSTRALIA AB Cochylis campuloclinium, new species, is described and illustrated from Argentina. The new species was discovered during efforts to find biological control agents against pompom weed, Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less.) D.C. (Asteraceae), a perennial of the New World tropics that recently has invaded South Africa. The new species is similar to C. argentinana Razowski but can be distinguished by the shape of the sacculus in the male genitalia: a hooked-shaped process in C. campuloclinium, a broad, distally excavated plate in C argentinana. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 899 EP 904 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200017 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Wheeler, AG AF Henry, Thomas J. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. TI Redescription and hosts of Melanorhopala infuscata parshley, with notes and new distribution records for M-froeschneri Henry and Wheeler (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Tingidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Tingidae; Melanorhopala; new records; host plants; Campsis radicans; Magnolia AB Some of the least-known North American lace bugs are those that feed mostly on stems of their host plants, such as species of the genus Melanorhopala Stal, rather than on host leaves, as do most other tingids. We cite new state records for the rarely collected M. froeschneri Henry and Wheeler and M. infuscata Parshley and report saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana) as the first plant on which nymphs of M. infuscata have been found. Diagnoses and habitus photographs are provided for the adult of both tingid species, and M. infuscata is redescribed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,USDA, PSI,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,USDA, PSI,Agr Res Serv, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov; awhlr@clemson.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 917 EP 922 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200019 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE Smith, DR AF Grissell, E. E. Smith, David R. TI First report of Acroclisoides Girault and Dodd (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) in the Western Hemisphere, with description of a new species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea; Pteromalidae; Acroclisoides new species; Western Hemisphere ID CHALCIDOIDEA AB Acroclisoides solus Grissell. and Smith, new species, is the first representative of the genus reported in the Western Hemisphere. Specimens were collected in Hardy County, West Virginia, and Fairfax County, Virginia, USA. The biology of most species of Acroclisoides, including A. solus, is unknown. Of the 13 Eastern Hemisphere species,. six are associated with eggs of Pentatomidae and/or Scutelleridae (Heteroptera), with at least four of these reared as hyperparasitoids of scelionid (Scelionidae: Hymenoptera) primary egg parasitoids. It seems likely that all species of Acroclisoides will be found to be associated with heteropteran eggs, possibly as facultative or obligate hyperparasitoids through primary parasitoid hosts. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), POB 739, Sonoita, AZ 85637 USA. EM egrissell@dtg-llc.com; dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 923 EP 929 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200020 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Etienne, J AF Gagne, Raymond J. Etienne, Jean TI Gephyraulus mangiferae (Felt), n. comb. (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae): A mango pest from India newly recorded from the Western Hemisphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Cecidomyiidae; gall midges; Guadeloupe; mango pest ID INSTARS AB Dasineura mangiferae Felt (n. comb.) transferred here to the genus Gephyraulus, is a cecidomyiid native to India that lives in and destroys the flowers of mango, Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae). It is reported here from Guadeloupe, French West Indies, as the first record for the Americas. Adults of both sexes and the pupa and larva are redescribed with illustrations. This gall midge is discriminated from its congeners as well as from Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt), a second pest of mango inflorescences from India already in the West Indies and South America. Gephyraulus was previously known only in the Palearctic Region from nine species, all infesting flowers of Brassicaccae. Procystiphora indica Grover and Prasad: from India is also moved to Gephyraulus (n. comb.). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Antilles Guyane, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rgagne@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 930 EP 937 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200021 ER PT J AU Neunzig, HH Solis, MA AF Neunzig, H. H. Solis, M. A. TI New species of Sematoneura, Nevacolima, and Eulogia (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) from Costa Rica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Phycitinae; taxonomy; neotropical ID CERACANTHIA COMPLEX LEPIDOPTERA; GENUS; RAGONOT; DYAR AB Four new species of phycitines from Costa Rica are described: Sematoneura costaricana, Nevacolima pitilla, Nevacolima georgina, and Eulogia duosigna. Habitus photographs of the four moths, line drawings of the male labial palpus, antenna, and genitalia of all species, and line drawings of the female genitalia of two of the species are included. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Neunzig, HH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM h.neunzig@get.net; asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 953 EP 963 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200024 ER PT J AU Pal, A Bakos, GA AF Pal, Andras Bakos, Gaspar A. TI Astrometry in wide-field surveys SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID TELESCOPE; IMAGES; PLANET; FITS AB We present a robust and fast algorithm for performing astrometry and source cross- identification on lists of two- dimensional points, such as between a catalog and an astronomical image, or between two images. The method is based on minimal assumptions: the lists can be rotated, magnified, and inverted with respect to each other in an arbitrary way. The algorithm is tailored to work efficiently on wide fields with a large number of sources and significant nonlinear distortions, as long as the distortions can be approximated with linear transformations locally over the scale length of the average distance between the points. The procedure is based on symmetric point matching in a newly defined continuous triangle space that consists of triangles generated by extended Delaunay triangulation. Our software implementation performed at the 99.995% success rate on similar to 260,000 frames taken by the HATNet project. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pal, A (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. EM apal@cfa.harvard.edu NR 19 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 848 BP 1474 EP 1483 DI 10.1086/508573 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103AI UT WOS:000241855000011 ER PT J AU Small, LM AF Small, Lawrence M. TI From the secretary - Wanted! (Tyrannosaurus rex, Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Small, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD OCT PY 2006 VL 37 IS 7 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 087TD UT WOS:000240764400020 ER PT J AU Comizzoli, P Wildt, DE Pukazhenthi, BS AF Comizzoli, Pierre Wildt, David E. Pukazhenthi, Budhan S. TI In vitro development of domestic cat embryos following intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular spermatozoa SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Embu das Artes, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo State, Coll Vet Med Botucatu Campus, Anim Reproduct Res Grp, Int Org Comm DE intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection; testicular spermatozoa; domestic cat; oocyte; embryo ID INTRACYTOPLASMIC INJECTION; OOCYTES AB The objective was to assess the ability of testicular spermatozoa to fertilize in vitro matured domestic cat oocytes and support blastocyst formation in vitro following intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). After IVM, oocytes were randomly and equally allocated among treatment groups (ICSI with testicular spermatozoa, ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa, sham ICSI, and control IVF). At 18 h after either injection or insemination, the percentage of fertilized oocytes (per total metaphase 11 oocytes) was similar to 65% after ICSI with testicular or ejaculated spermatozoa (P > 0.05), which was less (P < 0.05) than control IVF (similar to 90%). On Day 7, the percentage of cleaved embryos (per total metaphase 11 oocytes) was similar to 60% after ICSI with testicular or ejaculated spermatozoa (P > 0.05), which also was less (P < 0.05) than control IVF (similar to 85%). After ICSI with testicular spermatozoa, the percentage of blastocysts (per total cleaved embryos) was similar to 11.0%, which was less (P < 0.05) than ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa (similar to 21.0%); the latter was less (P < 0.05) than control IVF (similar to 43.0%). No blastocyst formation was observed after sham ICSI. For the first time in the domestic cat, this study demonstrated the fertilizing ability and developmental potential of intra-testicular spermatozoa delivered directly into intra-ovarian oocytes matured in vitro. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Comizzoli, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM comizzolip@si.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K01 RR020045] NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 1659 EP 1663 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.038 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 089NL UT WOS:000240887300050 PM 16473401 ER PT J AU Songsasen, N Rodden, M Brown, JL Wildt, DE AF Songsasen, N. Rodden, M. Brown, J. L. Wildt, D. E. TI Patterns of fecal gonadal hormone metabolites in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Embu das Artes, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo State, Coll Vet Med Botucatu Campus, Anim Reproduct Res Grp, Int Org Comm DE maned wolf; ovarian steroids; estrogens; progestins; pregnancy; pseudo-pregnancy ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; PROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; WOLVES; PREGNANCY; EXCRETION; FEMALE; NUMBER; BITCH; LH AB Ex situ populations of maned wolves are not viable due to low reproductive efficiency. The objective of this study was to increase knowledge regarding the reproductive physiology of maned wolves to improve captive management. Fecal samples were collected 3-5 d/wk from 12 females of various reproductive age classes (young, prime breeding and aged) and reproductive histories (conceived and raised pups, conceived but lost pups, pseudo-pregnant and unpaired). Ovarian steroids were extracted from feces and assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Concentrations of estrogen metabolites gradually increased, beginning 2-5 d before breeding, and declined to baseline on the day of lordosis and copulation. Fecal progestin metabolite concentrations increased steadily during the periovulatory period, when sexual receptivity was observed, and remained elevated during pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy. During the luteal phase, young and prime breeding-age females excreted larger amounts of progestins than those of older age classes. Furthermore, progestin concentrations were higher during the luteal phase of pregnant versus pseudo-pregnant bitches. Profiles of fecal progestin metabolites for three singleton females were unchanged throughout the breeding season, suggesting ovulation is induced in this species. However, this finding could be confounded by age, as these females were either young or aged. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Conservat Biol, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Songsasen, N (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, 1500 Remt Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM songsasenn@crc.si.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 1743 EP 1750 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.044 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 089NL UT WOS:000240887300066 PM 16513162 ER PT J AU Pelican, KM Wildt, DE Howard, JG AF Pelican, Katharine M. Wildt, David E. Howard, Jo Gayle TI GnRH agonist Lupron (R) (leuprolide acetate) pre-treatments prevent ovulation in response to gonadotropin stimulation in the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Embu das Artes, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo State, Coll Vet Med Botucatu Campus, Anim Reproduct Res Grp, Int Org Comm DE clouded leopard; Neofelis nebulosa; GnRH agonist; gonadotropin; ovarian suppression ID LAPAROSCOPIC ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNA; HORMONE AGONIST; EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPINS; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; GRANULOSA-CELLS; DOWN-REGULATION; PROTEIN-KINASE; LUTEAL-PHASE; IN-VITRO AB In many species, controlling the ovary prior to induction of ovulation improves the success of ovarian response and artificial insemination (AI). We assessed the impact of suppression of estrus with the GnRH agonist, Lupron (R), on ovarian sensitivity to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the clouded leopard. Seven female clouded leopards were given two injections of Lupron (R) (3.75 mg IM) 23 d apart, followed 44 d later by eCG and hCG. Daily fecal samples were collected from 60 d before Lupron (R) to 60 d after hCG. Fecal metabolites of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Lupron (R) decreased (P < 0.05) the number of E peaks during Lupron (R) treatment compared to pre-Lupron (R). All females had baseline E and six of seven (86%) had nadir P on day of eCG. Exogenous gonadotropins induced E elevations in all females. However, mean E in the gonadotropin-provoked estrus was decreased (P < 0.05) compared to pre-Lupron (R) estrous periods. Only one of seven (14%) females ovulated after eCG/hCG. In conclusion, estrous cycle control with Lupron (R) resulted in predictable ovarian suppression prior to gonadotropin stimulation but altered ovarian sensitivity by an as yet unknown mechanism so that ovulation was inhibited, even when using a proven exogenous gonadotropin protocol. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Pelican, KM (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM pelicank@si.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 1768 EP 1777 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.016 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 089NL UT WOS:000240887300070 PM 16513161 ER PT J AU Pukazhenthi, B Laroe, D Crosier, A Bush, LM Spindler, R Pelican, KM Bush, M Howard, JG Wildt, DE AF Pukazhenthi, Budhan Laroe, Debra Crosier, Adrienne Bush, Lena May Spindler, Rebecca Pelican, Katherine M. Bush, Mitchell Howard, Jo Gayle Wildt, David E. TI Challenges in cryopreservation of clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) spermatozoa SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Embu das Artes, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo State, Coll Vet Med Botucatu Campus, Anim Reproduct Res Grp, Int Org Comm DE semen; abnormal spermatozoa; acrosomal damage; clouded leopard; Neofelis nebulosa ID SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION; MOTILITY; PROPORTIONS; INTEGRITY; FLORIDA AB The clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) is an endangered species that is difficult to breed in captivity. Species management could benefit from the use of artificial insemination (AI) with frozen-thawed spermatozoa, but there have been no detailed studies of sperm cryosensitivity. The purposes of this study were to: (1) re-characterize seminal characteristics in the clouded leopard 20 years after the first descriptive studies Wildt et al., [Wildt DE, Howard JG, Hall LL, Bush M. Reproductive physiology of the clouded leopard. I. Electroejaculates contain high proportions of pleiomorphic spermatozoa throughout the year. Biol Reprod 1986; 34: 937-947]; and (2) conduct a comparative cryopreservation study on the feasibility of sperm from this species surviving a freeze-thawing stress. Ejaculates were collected from five adult males and subjected to standard analysis, followed by a two-step straw freezing protocol that evaluated the impact of thawing, dilution, centrifugation and in vitro culture (through 4 h) on sperm motility and acrosomal integrity. Additionally, we assessed the impact of both a traditional permeating cryoprotectant (glycerol at a final dilution of 4%) and an unconventional nonpermeating trisaccharide; raffinose (R) at a final dilution of 4% or 8%, with or without 4% glycerol on sperm cryosurvival. The clouded leopard produced an extremely poor quality ejaculate; although approximately 70% of fresh sperm were motile, > 80% were malformed. Phase contrast microscopy revealed that 40% of all sperm had abnormal acrosomes, but Coomassie blue staining indicated that acrosomal abnormalities existed in almost 70% of spermatozoa. Upon freeze-thawing, sperm motility declined markedly (P < 0.05) by an average of 40%, regardless of diluent used. Interestingly, raffinose was as effective as glycerol in protecting both sperm motility and acrosomal integrity. Although no acrosomal damage was seen immediately after thawing, < 6% morphologically normal intact acrosomes were present by the last measured time point. In conclusion, the clouded leopard is a rare felid that (at least in North American zoos) is producing extraordinarily poor quality ejaculates. There are so many sperm with unexplained deranged acrosomes that it will be particularly challenging to use traditional AI with thawed sperm as an adjunct management tool. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Pukazhenthi, B (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, 1500 Remt Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM pukazhenthib@si.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00135] NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 1790 EP 1796 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.020 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 089NL UT WOS:000240887300074 PM 16563488 ER PT J AU Zusi, RL Livezly, BC AF Zusi, Richard L. Livezly, Bradlihy C. TI Variation in the os palatinum and its structural relation to the palatum osseum of birds (Aves) SO ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM LA English DT Review DE Aves; arthrology; kinesis; os palatinum; osteology; palate; skull ID DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; NORTH-AMERICA; PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMATIC RELATIONSHIPS; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; THEROPOD DINOSAURS; RATITE BIRDS; AVIAN SKULL; HOMOLOGY AB Morphological variation in the avian palatal skeleton (palatum osseum) was publicized by Huxley (1867) and expanded upon subsequently by many authors, but variation in the included nominal element, the palatinum (os palatinum), is less well known. Here we describe, illustrate, and name variable features of the avian palatinum that we judge to be potentially important for phylogenetic inference, To standardize anatomical nomenclature, we introduce formal names (per ICAAN) and revise others for palatal features provisionally considered to be homologous among modern birds (Neornithes). The palatinum can be divided topographically into four parts - pars maxillaris, pars choanalis, pars lateralis, and pars pterygoideus - each having variation in organization, function, and phylogenetic corollaries that facilitate comparisons within Neornithes and with Mesozoic allies. Emphasis oil study of juvenile specimens of modern birds in which intact Sutures are discernible revealed details in the Structure of arcus pterygopalatinus and arcus pterygovomeralis that facilitated diagnosis of both palaeognathous and neognathous birds, and (within the latter) the Galloanserae and its sister-group, Neoaves. Articulatio vomeroparasphenoidalis may represent a synapomorphy of palaeognathous birds (ratites and tinamous). Although articulatio intrapterygoidea commonly is thought to provide the flexibility within arcus pterygopalatinus required for cranial kinesis in neognathous birds, we found that six patterns of articulations and flexible zones (zonae flexoriae) serve that function; these patterns are probably apomorphous, sometimes convergently, within Aves. Hesperornis apparently displays homoplasious flexibility within arcus pterygopalatinus. We found developmental evidence against paedomorphosis ("neoteny") as an explanation of certain distinguishing features of palaeognathous palates, and comparison with palatal remnants of Archaeopteryx, Gobipteryx, Hesperornis, and several nonavian theropods suggest plesiomorphy of other palaeognathous features. Reconsideration of "palaeognathous" characters found in adults of some neognathous taxa, previously explained as evolutionary reversals, led its to a variety of alternative hypotheses. We believe that analysis of individual characters within the avian palatinum and palatal skeleton holds significantly greater promise for phylogenetic and functional inferences than the continued use of the classical, composite palatal types - palaeognathous, schizoguathous, desmognathous, and aegithognathous - for phylogenetic reconstructions. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Sect Birds, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Zusi, RL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zusir@NMNH.si.edu; LivezeyB@CarnegieMNH.Org NR 347 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU CARNEGIE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI PITTSBURGH PA 4400 FORBES AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0097-4463 EI 1943-6300 J9 ANN CARNEGIE MUS JI Ann. Carnegie Mus. PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 137 EP 180 DI 10.2992/0097-4463(2006)75[137:VITOPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 44 WC Paleontology; Zoology SC Paleontology; Zoology GA 133MQ UT WOS:000244017400001 ER PT J AU Galzin, R Lecchini, D Williams, JT Planes, S Menou, JL AF Galzin, Rene Lecchini, David Williams, Jeffrey T. Planes, Serge Menou, Jean-Louis TI Diversity of coral reef fish at Rapa Island (French Polynesia). SO CYBIUM LA French DT Article DE ichthyofauna; French Polynesia; Rapa Island; diversity; coral reef fish; taxonomy; spatial distribution ID BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB The South Pacific island of Rapa (27 degrees 36'S, 144 degrees 21'W) is the southernmost inhabited island of French Polynesia. It is sufficiently isolated (the closest island lies 520 kin northwest of Rapa) to be regarded as a separate geographic unit. In 2002, an international team of scientists conducted a marine biodiversity survey of Rapa (algae, corals, fishes and molluscs). The present study presents the diversity of fish, with two objectives: i) establish the checklist of coral reef fish species present at Rapa, and ii) study the spatial distribution of coral reef fish communities. In 1990, Randall, Smith and Feinberg published a list including 274 coral reef fish species at Rapa. During our expedition at Rapa, fish surveys were conducted to sample specimens at 66 collecting stations from 0 to 78 in of depth by visual survey and/or capture with the ichthyocide rotenone and by spearing. Combining these fish records with the list of Randall et al. brings the number of coral reef fish species known from Rapa to over 383 species. The Rapan fish fauna is different from those already recorded in French Polynesia. Some shallow-water families or genus, of which there are wide-ranging species in French Polynesia, were not found at Rapa: Clupeidae, Carapidae, Pseudochromidae, Malacanthidae, Mugiloididae, Soleidae, Scorpaenopsis and Pseudanthias. Moreover, 10% of species are currently known only from Rapa. Visual surveys of coral reef fishes were conducted at various stations around Rapa. Spatial variation in fish communities was compared to changes in environmental variables (water depth: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 in; reef zone: bay vs. outer slope; exposition to the swell: North, South, West, and East). The total species richness of coral reef fishes at Rapa was low (108 species recorded on 60 transects of 100 m(2)). Mean abundance of reef fishes was also low (1.81 +/- 0.29 SE fish per m(2)), with more than 49% of all fishes belonging to the family Pomacentridae and 31% to Scaridae. The spatial structure of fish was characterized by four communities. In the bay, the fish community was dominated by the Pomacentridae (72.7%) with Chromis atripectoralis and Dascyllus aritanus as the most abundant species. In contrast, the deep reef slope community (>= 12 m) from North to South-Western coast was characterised by high densities of the pomacentrid Chrysiptera leucopoma, as well as high densities of the acanthurid Acanthitrus lelicopareius. The second deep reef slope community encountered on South-East to East coast was characterised by high densities of Scaridae (64.1%), mainly Scarus psittacus and S. schlegeli. Lastly, the shallow reef slope community (< 12 m) was dominated at 51.3% by Pomacentridae (Chromis atripectoralis) and at 34.1% by Scaridae (Scarus psittacus and S. schlegeli). C1 Univ Perpignan, CNRS, UMR 8046, Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, F-66860 Perpignan, France. Ctr Rech Insulaires & Observ Environm, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, NHB MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Ctr Noumea, Inst Rech Dev, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. RP Galzin, R (reprint author), Univ Perpignan, CNRS, UMR 8046, Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, F-66860 Perpignan, France. EM galzin@univ-perp.fr; lecchini@univ-perp.fr; williams.jeff@nmnh.si.edu; planes@univ-perp.fr; Jean-Louis.Menou@noumea.ird.nc NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC FRANCAISE D ICHTYOLOGIE PI PARIS PA MUSEUM NATL D HISTOIRE NATURELLE, 43 RUE CUVIER, 75231 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-0974 J9 CYBIUM JI Cybium PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 221 EP 234 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 114WT UT WOS:000242697000004 ER PT J AU Froelich, P Jonsell, S Kharchenko, V Sadeghpour, HR Dalgarno, A AF Froelich, P. Jonsell, S. Kharchenko, V. Sadeghpour, H. R. Dalgarno, A. TI On the Bose-Einstein condensation of exotic atoms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN MOLECULE; SCATTERING LENGTHS; GROUND-STATE; FERMI GAS; ENERGIES; POSITRONIUM; CASCADE; FUSION; H-2; HE AB The scattering length for hydrogenic atoms with variable lepton mass, ranging from H to p mu, is calculated. The non-trivial sensitivity of the scattering length to non-adiabatic effects is investigated using the coupled-channel approach. The physical conditions for the Bose-Einstein condensation of exotic atoms are expressed in terms of this scattering length, which for the p mu atoms interacting via (3)Sigma(+)(u) potentials, is calculated to be 1.13 x 10(-2) au. The critical temperature for condensing the p mu atoms is estimated to be 0.5 K at a density of 2.2 x 10(20) cm(-3). Under these conditions the phonon velocity in the condensate is 2.2 m s(-1) and the coherence length is nearly 5 mu m. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Quantum Chem, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Phys, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Froelich, P (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Quantum Chem, Box 518, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Jonsell, Svante/J-2251-2016 OI Jonsell, Svante/0000-0003-4969-1714 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 18 BP 3889 EP 3895 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/18/018 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 098XG UT WOS:000241555800019 ER PT J AU Scully, SWJ Alvarez, I Cisneros, C Emmons, ED Gharaibeh, MF Leitner, D Lubell, MS Muller, A Phaneuf, RA Puttner, R Schlachter, AS Schippers, S Shi, W Ballance, CP McLaughlin, BM AF Scully, S. W. J. Alvarez, I. Cisneros, C. Emmons, E. D. Gharaibeh, M. F. Leitner, D. Lubell, M. S. Mueller, A. Phaneuf, R. A. Puettner, R. Schlachter, A. S. Schippers, S. Shi, W. Ballance, C. P. McLaughlin, B. M. TI Doubly excited resonances in the photoionization spectrum of Li+: experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; C2+ IONS; STATES; CLASSIFICATION; IONIZATION; LITHIUM; ATOMS AB Absolute cross-section measurements for resonant double photoexcitation of Li+ ions followed by autoionization have been performed at high resolution in the photon energy range from 148 eV, just below the (2s2p, (2)(0, 1)(n)(+)) resonance, to 198 eV (the region of the double ionization threshold). The measurements have been made using the photon-ion merged-beam endstation at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA. The absolute cross-section measurements show excellent agreement with theoretical results from the R-matrix plus pseudo-state (RMPS) method. Comparisons between theory and experiment for the Auger resonance energies, autoionization linewidth (Gamma) and the Fano line profile index q for several members of the principal (2snp, (2)(0, 1)(n)(+)) and (3snp, (3)(1, 1)(n)(+)) Rydberg series found in the photoionization spectra for the P-1 degrees symmetry show satisfactory accord. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Rollins Coll, Dept Phys, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Scully, SWJ (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Phys & Mat, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM b.mclaughlin@qub.ac.uk RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008 OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 18 BP 3957 EP 3968 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/18/024 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 098XG UT WOS:000241555800025 ER PT J AU McSween, HY Ruff, SW Morris, RV Bell, JF Herkenhoff, K Gellert, R Stockstill, KR Tornabene, LL Squyres, SW Crisp, JA Christensen, PR Mccoy, TJ Mittlefehldt, DW Schmidt, M AF McSween, H. Y. Ruff, S. W. Morris, R. V. Bell, J. F., III Herkenhoff, K. Gellert, R. Stockstill, K. R. Tornabene, L. L. Squyres, S. W. Crisp, J. A. Christensen, P. R. Mccoy, T. J. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Schmidt, M. TI Alkaline volcanic rocks from the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; SPIRIT ROVER; EVOLUTION; MODEL; DUST; PETROGENESIS; TERRESTRIAL; CHEMISTRY AB [ 1] Irvine, Backstay, and Wishstone are the type specimens for three classes of fine-grained or fragmental, relatively unaltered rocks with distinctive thermal emission spectra, found as float on the flanks of the Columbia Hills. Chemical analyses indicate that these rocks are mildly alkaline basalt, trachybasalt, and tephrite, respectively. Their mineralogy consists of Na- and K-rich feldspar(s), low- and high-Ca pyroxenes, ferroan olivine, Fe-Ti ( and possibly Cr) oxides, phosphate, and possibly glass. The texture of Wishstone is consistent with a pyroclastic origin, whereas Irvine and Backstay are lavas or possibly dike rocks. Chemical compositions of these rocks plot on or near liquid lines of descent for most elements calculated for Adirondack class rocks (olivine-rich basalts from the Gusev plains) at various pressures from 0.1 to 1.0 GPa. We infer that Wishstone-, Backstay-, and Irvine-class magmas may have formed by fractionation of primitive, oxidized basaltic magma similar to Adirondack-class rocks. The compositions of all these rocks reveal that the Gusev magmatic province is alkaline, distinct from the subalkaline volcanic rocks thought to dominate most of the planet's surface. The fact that differentiated volcanic rocks were not encountered on the plains prior to ascending Husband Hill may suggest a local magma source for volcanism beneath Gusev crater. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McSween, HY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 306 Geol Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mcsween@utk.edu RI Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016 OI Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416 NR 48 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E9 AR E09S91 DI 10.1029/2006JE002698 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 088RL UT WOS:000240828700001 ER PT J AU Presley, MA Craddock, RA AF Presley, Marsha A. Craddock, Robert A. TI Thermal conductivity measurements of particulate materials: 3. Natural samples and mixtures of particle sizes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS; INERTIA; MISSION; DENSITY; LUNAR AB [ 1] A line-heat source apparatus was used to measure thermal conductivities of natural fluvial and eolian particulate sediments under low pressures of a carbon dioxide atmosphere. These measurements were compared to a previous compilation of the dependence of thermal conductivity on particle size to determine a thermal conductivity-derived particle size for each sample. Actual particle-size distributions were determined via physical separation through brass sieves. Comparison of the two analyses indicates that the thermal conductivity reflects the larger particles within the samples. In each sample at least 85 - 95% of the particles by weight are smaller than or equal to the thermal conductivity-derived particle size. At atmospheric pressures less than about 2 - 3 torr, samples that contain a large amount of small particles ( <= 125 mu m or 4 Phi) exhibit lower thermal conductivities relative to those for the larger particles within the sample. Nonetheless, 90% of the sample by weight still consists of particles that are smaller than or equal to this lower thermal conductivity-derived particle size. These results allow further refinement in the interpretation of geomorphologic processes acting on the Martian surface. High-energy fluvial environments should produce poorer-sorted and coarser-grained deposits than lower energy eolian environments. Hence these results will provide additional information that may help identify coarser-grained fluvial deposits and may help differentiate whether channel dunes are original fluvial sediments that are at most reworked by wind or whether they represent a later overprint of sediment with a separate origin. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Presley, MA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Box 876305, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM mpresley@asu.edu RI Craddock, Robert/B-3884-2013 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E9 AR E09013 DI 10.1029/2006JE002706 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 088RL UT WOS:000240828700003 ER PT J AU Fleischer, RC Kirchman, JJ Dumbacher, JP Bevier, L Dove, C Rotzel, NC Edwards, SV Lammertink, M Miglia, KJ Moore, WS AF Fleischer, Robert C. Kirchman, Jeremy J. Dumbacher, John P. Bevier, Louis Dove, Carla Rotzel, Nancy C. Edwards, Scott V. Lammertink, Martjan Miglia, Kathleen J. Moore, William S. TI Mid-Pleistocene divergence of Cuban and North American ivory-billed woodpeckers SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Campephilus principalis; ivory-billed woodpecker; Pleistocene divergence; phylogenetics; DNA barcoding ID SEQUENCE; MTDNA; PERSPECTIVE; EVOLUTION; RATES; AVES AB We used ancient DNA analysis of seven museum specimens of the endangered North American ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) and three specimens of the species from Cuba to document their degree of differentiation and their relationships to other Campephilus woodpeckers. Analysis of these mtDNA sequences reveals that the Cuban and North American ivory bills, along with the imperial woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis) of Mexico, are a monophyletic group and are roughly equidistant genetically, suggesting each lineage may be a separate species. Application of both internal and external rate calibrations indicates that the three lineages split more than one million years ago, in the Mid-Pleistocene. We thus can exclude the hypothesis that Native Americans introduced North American ivory-billed woodpeckers to Cuba. Our sequences of all three woodpeckers also provide an important DNA barcoding resource for identification of non-invasive samples or remains of these critically endangered and charismatic woodpeckers. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Colby Coll, Dept Biol, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Ornithol & Div Birds, Washington, DC 20526 USA. Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Fleischer, RC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM fleischr@si.edu OI Edwards, Scott/0000-0003-2535-6217 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETT-UK JI Biol. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 466 EP 469 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0490 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 103CN UT WOS:000241863400040 PM 17148432 ER PT J AU Harasewych, MG Strauss, J AF Harasewych, M. G. Strauss, Josiah TI A new record of introduced Cerion (Gastropoda : Pulmonata : Cerionidae) in southeastern Florida SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article DE introduced species; land snails; hybridization; Bahamas ID LAND SNAIL CERION; HYBRIDIZATION AB A large, well-established colony of the land snail genus Cerion is reported from Delray Beach, Florida, far north from the range of the only native species in Florida, Cerion incanum (Binney, 1851) and its subspecies, and from the well-documented populations introduced by Paul Bartsch during the early 20(th) Century. Although hurricanes have frequently been proposed as agents of long distance dispersal of Cerion species, the Delray Beach Colony is more probably the result of intentional introductions during the mid-20(th) Century. The morphology of the shells in this colony is uniform except for the degree of pigmentation, yet it does not match precisely any of the fourteen named taxa from the Little Bahama Bank or the Bimini Islands, the nearest and most probable sources of the introduced propagules. Rather, the phenotype appears to combine elements of several taxa from both island groups, suggesting that the Delray Beach Colony may be a result of hybridization among animals from multiple and disparate introductions. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Harasewych@si.edu; jstrauss@d18o.net RI Strauss, Josiah/E-2242-2011; Strauss, Josiah/G-1874-2012 OI Strauss, Josiah/0000-0002-8240-2219 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD SEP 22 PY 2006 VL 120 IS 3 BP 94 EP 100 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 088KP UT WOS:000240810900002 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, AM Daszak, P Jones, MJ Marra, PP Kramer, LD AF Kilpatrick, A. Marm Daszak, Peter Jones, Matthew J. Marra, Peter P. Kramer, Laura D. TI Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE reservoir host; reproductive ratio; R-0; infectiousness; host-vector contact rate; super spreading events ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; FEEDING PATTERNS; CULEX MOSQUITOS; UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE AB Heterogeneity in host populations and communities can have large effects on the transmission and control of a pathogen. In extreme cases, a few individuals give rise to the majority of secondary infections, which have been termed super spreading events. Here, we show that transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) is dominated by extreme heterogeneity in the host community, resulting in highly inflated reproductive ratios. A single relatively uncommon avian species, American robin (Turdus migratorius), appeared to be responsible for the majority of WNV-infectious mosquitoes and acted as the species equivalent of a super spreader for this multi-host pathogen. Crows were also highly preferred by mosquitoes at some sites, while house sparrows were significantly avoided. Nonetheless, due to their relative rarity, corvids (crows and jays) were relatively unimportant in WNV amplification. These results challenge current beliefs about the role of certain avian species in WNV amplification and demonstrate the importance of determining contact rates between vectors and host species to understand pathogen transmission dynamics. C1 Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Kilpatrick, AM (reprint author), Consortium Conservat Med, 460 West 34th St,17th Floor, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM kilpatrick@conservationmedicine.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25490] NR 57 TC 225 Z9 228 U1 5 U2 77 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 22 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1599 BP 2327 EP 2333 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3575 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 082QC UT WOS:000240400800010 PM 16928635 ER PT J AU Roelofs, GHA Groot, PJ Nelemans, G Marsh, TR Steeghs, D AF Roelofs, G. H. A. Groot, P. J. Nelemans, G. Marsh, T. R. Steeghs, D. TI Kinematics of the ultracompact helium accretor AM canum venaticorum SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual; AM CVn; novae, cataclysmic variables ID DOUBLE WHITE-DWARFS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; SEMIDETACHED BINARIES; ORBITAL PERIOD; GAS-DYNAMICS; CVN STARS; GP COM; SUPERHUMPS; DISKS; SYSTEMS AB We report on the results from a five-night campaign of high-speed spectroscopy of the 17-min binary AM Canum Venaticorum (AM CVn), obtained with the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope on La Palma. We detect a kinematic feature that appears to be entirely analogous to the 'central spike' known from the long-period, emission-line AM CVn stars GP Com, V396 Hya and SDSS J124058.03-015919.2, which has been attributed to the accreting white dwarf. Assuming that the feature indeed represents the projected velocity amplitude and phase of the accreting white dwarf, we derive a mass ratio q = 0.18 +/- 0.01 for AM CVn. This is significantly higher than the value found in previous, less direct measurements. We discuss the implications for AM CVn's evolutionary history and show that a helium star progenitor scenario is strongly favoured. We further discuss the implications for the interpretation of AM CVn's superhump behaviour, and for the detectability of its gravitational-wave signal with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). In addition, we demonstrate a method for measuring the circularity or eccentricity of AM CVn's accretion disc, using stroboscopic Doppler tomography. We test the predictions of an eccentric, precessing disc that are based on AM CVn's observed superhump behaviour. We limit the effective eccentricity in the outermost part of the disc, where the resonances that drive the eccentricity are thought to occur, to e = 0.04 +/- 0.01, which is smaller than previous models indicated. C1 Radboud Univ, Dept Astrophys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Roelofs, GHA (reprint author), Radboud Univ, Dept Astrophys, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM g.roelofs@astro.ru.nl RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 42 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 3 BP 1231 EP 1242 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10718.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081XD UT WOS:000240350000014 ER PT J AU Russell, DM Fender, RP Hynes, RI Brocksopp, C Homan, J Jonker, PG Buxton, MM AF Russell, D. M. Fender, R. P. Hynes, R. I. Brocksopp, C. Homan, J. Jonker, P. G. Buxton, M. M. TI Global optical/infrared-X-ray correlations in X-ray binaries: quantifying disc and jet contributions SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; ISM : jets and outflows; X-rays : binaries ID NOVA-MUSCAE 1991; CANDIDATE XTE J1550-564; ACCRETING BLACK-HOLES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; PULSAR IGR J00291+5934; TRANSIENT NEUTRON-STAR; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; OPTICAL LIGHT CURVES; GRO J0422+32; CENTAURUS X-4 AB The optical/near-infrared (OIR) region of the spectra of low-mass X-ray binaries (XBs) appears to lie at the intersection of a variety of different emission processes. In this paper we present quasi-simultaneous OIR-X-ray observations of 33 XBs in an attempt to estimate the contributions of various emission processes in these sources, as a function of X-ray state and luminosity. A global correlation is found between OIR and X-ray luminosity for low-mass black hole candidate XBs (BHXBs) in the hard X-ray state, of the form L(OIR)proportional to L(X)(0.6). This correlation holds over eight orders of magnitude in L(X) and includes data from BHXBs in quiescence and at large distances [Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and M31]. A similar correlation is found in low-mass neutron star XBs (NSXBs) in the hard state. For BHXBs in the soft state, all the near-infrared (NIR) and some of the optical emissions are suppressed below the correlation, a behaviour indicative of the jet switching off/on in transition to/from the soft state. We compare these relations to theoretical models of a number of emission processes. We find that X-ray reprocessing in the disc and emission from the jets both predict a slope close to 0.6 for BHXBs, and both contribute to the OIR in BHXBs in the hard state, the jets producing similar to 90 per cent of the NIR emission at high luminosities. X-ray reprocessing dominates the OIR in NSXBs in the hard state, with possible contributions from the jets (only at high luminosity) and the viscously heated disc. We also show that the optically thick jet spectrum of BHXBs extends to near the K band. OIR spectral energy distributions of 15 BHXBs help us to confirm these interpretations. We present a prediction of the L(OIR)-L(X) behaviour of a BHXB outburst that enters the soft state, where the peak L(OIR) in the hard state rise is greater than in the hard state decline (the well-known hysteretical behaviour). In addition, it is possible to estimate the X-ray, OIR and radio luminosity and the mass accretion rate in the hard state quasi-simultaneously, from observations of just one of these wavebands, since they are all linked through correlations. Finally, we have discovered that the nature of the compact object, the mass of the companion and the distance/reddening can be constrained by quasi-simultaneous OIR and X-ray luminosities. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Russell, DM (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM davidr@phys.soton.ac.uk NR 219 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 3 BP 1334 EP 1350 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10756.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081XD UT WOS:000240350000025 ER PT J AU Hartman, JD Bersier, D Stanek, KZ Beaulieu, JP Kaluzny, J Marquette, JB Stetson, PB Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A AF Hartman, J. D. Bersier, D. Stanek, K. Z. Beaulieu, J. -P. Kaluzny, J. Marquette, J. -B. Stetson, P. B. Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A. TI Deep Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope photometric survey of the entire M33 galaxy - I. Catalogue of 36 000 variable point sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalogues; surveys; Cepheids; stars : variables : other; galaxies : individual : M33 ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LOCAL GROUP GALAXIES; DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; RR LYRAE STARS; NEARBY GALAXIES; STELLAR-SYSTEM; ADDITIONAL VARIABLES; DIRECT DISTANCES AB We have conducted a variability survey of the Local Group galaxy M33, using g', r', and i' observations from 27 nights spanning 17 months, made with the MegaPrime/MegaCam instrument on the 3.6-m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). We identify more than 36 000 variable sources with g', r', i' less than or similar to 24, out of approximately two million point sources in a 1-deg(2) field of view. This increases the number of known variables in this galaxy by more than a factor of 20. In this paper, we provide a brief description of the data and a general overview of the variable star population which includes more than 1300 candidate variable blue and red supergiant stars, more than 2000 Cepheids, and more than 19 000 long-period variable asymptotic giant branch and red giant branch stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 70951, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Astron Observ, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland. RP Hartman, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jhartman@cfa.harvard.edu; dfb@astro.livjm.ac.uk; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; beaulieu@iap.fr; jka@camk.edu.pl; marquette@iap.fr; Peter.Stetson@nrc.ca; alex@camk.edu.pl OI Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166 NR 42 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 3 BP 1405 EP 1417 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10764.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081XD UT WOS:000240350000033 ER PT J AU Steeghs, D Marsh, TR Barros, SCC Nelemans, G Groot, PJ Roelofs, GHA Ramsay, G Cropper, M AF Steeghs, D. Marsh, T. R. Barros, S. C. C. Nelemans, G. Groot, P. J. Roelofs, G. H. A. Ramsay, G. Cropper, M. TI Gemini spectroscopy of the ultracompact binary candidate V407 Vulpeculae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (V407 Vulpeculae); white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries ID DOUBLE WHITE-DWARFS; AM CVN STARS; ORBITAL PERIOD; RX J1914+24; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; XMM-NEWTON; J0806.3+1527; SECONDARIES; PROGENITORS AB We present time-resolved spectroscopy of the optical counterpart to the proposed ultracompact binary system V407 Vul (= RX J1914.4+2456). Our Gemini spectra resolve the 9.48 minute periodicity that has previously been reported for this source. We find that the optical counterpart is dominated by a reddened late-type spectrum of type G9V and contains solely unresolved absorption features. No radial velocity signatures exceeding 10 km s(-1) could be detected on periods from minutes to hours. Using interstellar extinction estimates, we derive a distance to the G9 star of 1.1 - 3.5 kpc. In addition to this stellar spectrum, we detect a blue component that modulates solely on the 9.48 minute period and peaks similar to 0.15 in phase ahead of the X-ray peak. This blue component, which contributes up to 40% of the light, shows no evidence for emission-line features that are the usual hallmarks of an interacting binary. Good-seeing images obtained with the Magellan Telescopes indicate that the variable and the G star are aligned to better than 0."1. Despite the low probability of a chance alignment of a field star along the line of sight, the G9 light cannot be directly associated with the 9.48 minute variable that powers the luminous ( similar to 10(35) ergs s(-1)) and highly variable X-ray source. The outlook for the detection of conclusive radial velocity measurements will remain challenging due to the extinction along the line of sight in conjunction with the contaminating effect of the G9 V star. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6200 Maastricht, Netherlands. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Steeghs, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dsteeghs@cfa.harvard.edu RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008; Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 1 BP 382 EP 388 DI 10.1086/506343 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 086DY UT WOS:000240655000029 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Karovska, M AF Wood, Brian E. Karovska, Margarita TI Mira B rejuvenated SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; stars : individual (o Ceti); stars : winds, outflows; ultraviolet : stars ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; H-2 EMISSION; COMPANION; ENVELOPE; CETI; WAVELENGTHS; ABSORPTION; ACCRETION AB Recent ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellites demonstrate that UV line and continuum fluxes observed from Mira B are increasing back toward the levels that the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observed in 1979-1980 and 1990-1995, after having been found in a very low state by HST and FUSE in 1999-2001. The UV emission is associated with accretion of material onto Mira B from Mira A's massive wind, so the variability is presumably due to variations in accretion rate. From wind absorption features, we estimate a Mira B mass-loss rate of 2.5 x 10(-12) M-. yr(-1), indicating that Mira B's wind has increased in strength along with the accretion rate. The UV variability may be associated with a previously reported 14 yr periodicity in Mira B's optical emission. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM woodb@origins.colorado.edu; mkarovska@cfa.harvard.edu NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 1 BP 410 EP 414 DI 10.1086/506383 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 086DY UT WOS:000240655000033 ER PT J AU Sozzetti, A Torres, G Latham, DW Carney, BW Stefanik, RP Boss, AP Laird, JB Korzennik, SG AF Sozzetti, Alessandro Torres, Guillermo Latham, David W. Carney, Bruce W. Stefanik, Robert P. Boss, Alan P. Laird, John B. Korzennik, Sylvain G. TI A Keck hires Doppler search for planets orbiting metal-poor dwarfs. I. Testing giant planet formation and migration scenarios SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : formation; stars : abundances; stars : statistics; techniques : radial velocities ID PROPER-MOTION STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; RADIAL-VELOCITY TECHNIQUES; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; HOST STARS; HARBORING STARS; PARENT STARS; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; BERYLLIUM ABUNDANCES; DETERMINISTIC MODEL AB We describe a high-precision Doppler search for giant planets orbiting a well-defined sample of metal-poor dwarfs in the field. This experiment constitutes a fundamental test of theoretical predictions, which will help discriminate between proposed giant planet formation and migration models. We present details of the survey, as well as an overall assessment of the quality of our measurements, making use of the results for stars that show no significant velocity variation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Sozzetti, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu; bruce@physics.unc.edu; rstefanik@cfa.harvard.edu; boss@dtm.ciw.edu; laird@tycho.bgsu.edu; skorzennik@cfa.harvard.edu OI Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X NR 96 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 1 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1086/506267 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 086DY UT WOS:000240655000035 ER PT J AU Kondratko, PT Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM Lovell, JEJ Kuiper, TBH Jauncey, DL Cameron, LB Gomez, JF Garcia-Miro, C Moll, E de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I McCallum, J Jimenez-Bailon, E AF Kondratko, P. T. Greenhill, L. J. Moran, J. M. Lovell, J. E. J. Kuiper, T. B. H. Jauncey, D. L. Cameron, L. B. Gomez, J. F. Garcia-Miro, C. Moll, E. de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I. McCallum, J. Jimenez-Bailon, E. TI Discovery of water maser emission in eight AGNs with 70 m antennas of NASA's deep space network (vol 638, pg 100, 2006) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Raytheon, Paddys Creek, ACT 2609, Australia. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. NASA, INTA, E-28008 Madrid, Spain. INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Kondratko, PT (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016 OI Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 1 BP 561 EP 561 DI 10.1086/504978 PN 1 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 086DY UT WOS:000240655000047 ER PT J AU Bourke, TL Myers, PC Evans, NJ Dunham, MM Kauffmann, J Shirley, YL Crapsi, A Young, CH Huard, TL Brooke, TY Chapman, N Cieza, L Lee, CW Teuben, P Wahhaj, Z AF Bourke, Tyler L. Myers, Philip C. Evans, Neal J., II Dunham, Michael M. Kauffmann, Jens Shirley, Yancy L. Crapsi, Antonio Young, Chadwick H. Huard, Tracy L. Brooke, Timothy Y. Chapman, Nicholas Cieza, Lucas Lee, Chang Won Teuben, Peter Wahhaj, Zahed TI The Spitzer c2d survey of nearby dense cores. II. Discovery of a low-luminosity object in the "evolved starless core" L1521F SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TAURUS MOLECULAR CLOUD; MASS; DISKS; CONDENSATION; MOTIONS; L1014; L1544; N2H+ AB We present Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the "evolved starless core" L1521F that reveal the presence of a very low luminosity object (L < 0.07 L-circle dot). The object, L1521F-IRS, is directly detected at mid- infrared wavelengths (> 5 mu m), but only in scattered light at shorter infrared wavelengths, showing a bipolar nebula oriented east- west that is probably tracing an outflow cavity. The nebula strongly suggests that L1521F-IRS is embedded in the L1521F core. Thus, L1521F-IRS is similar to the recently discovered L1014-IRS and the previously known IRAM 04191 in its substellar luminosity and dense core environment. However, these objects differ significantly in their core density, core chemistry, and outflow properties, and some may be destined to be brown dwarfs rather than stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Nicholls State Univ, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Bourke, TL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tbourke@cfa.harvard.edu NR 32 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/508161 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 086DZ UT WOS:000240655100010 ER PT J AU Brown, MJF Bot, ANM Hart, AG AF Brown, Mark J. F. Bot, A. N. M. Hart, Adam G. TI Mortality rates and division of labor in the leaf-cutting ant, Atta colombica SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE social insects; task allocation; waste management; hygiene ID HARVESTER ANTS; BEHAVIORAL FLEXIBILITY; SELFISH SENTINELS; TASK ALLOCATION; SOCIAL INSECTS; POGONOMYRMEX; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; COLONIES; DYNAMICS AB Division of labor in social groups is affected by the relative costs and benefits of conducting different tasks. However, most studies have examined the dynamics of division of labor, rather than the costs and benefits that presumably underlie the evolution of such systems. In social insects, division of labor may be simplistically described as a source-sink system, with external tasks, such as foraging, acting as sinks for the work force. The implications of two distinct sinks - foraging and waste-heap working - for division of labor were examined in the leaf-cutting ant Atta colombica. Intrinsic mortality rates were similar across external task groups. Exposure to waste (a task-related environment) led to a 60% increase in the mortality rate of waste-heap workers compared to workers not exposed to waste. Given the small number of workers present in the waste-heap task group, such increases in mortality are unlikely to affect division of labor and task allocation dramatically, except perhaps under conditions of stress. C1 ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Zool, Dublin 2, Ireland. Aarhus Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Aarhus, Denmark. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Gloucestershire, Sch Environm, Dept Nat & Social Sci, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, Glos, England. RP Brown, MJF (reprint author), ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. EM mabrown@tcd.ie; bot@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl; ahart@glos.ac.uk RI Brown, Mark/E-7644-2010 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 18 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 096YW UT WOS:000241413900001 ER PT J AU Zeng, T Wang, YH Chance, K Blake, N Blake, D Ridley, B AF Zeng, Tao Wang, Yuhang Chance, Kelly Blake, Nicola Blake, Donald Ridley, Brian TI Halogen-driven low-altitude O-3 and hydrocarbon losses in spring at northern high latitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE DEPLETION; ARCTIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; SUNRISE EXPERIMENT 1992; GAS-PHASE REACTION; ART. NO. 4683; POLAR SUNRISE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BRO CONCENTRATIONS; ATOM CHEMISTRY AB [ 1] Halogen-driven ozone and hydrocarbon losses in springtime Arctic boundary layer are investigated using a regional chemical transport model. Surface observations of ozone at Alert and Barrow and aircraft observations of ozone and hydrocarbons during the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) experiment from February to May in 2000 are analyzed. We prescribe halogen radical distributions on the basis of GOME BrO observations. Tropospheric GOME BrO column shows an apparent anticorrelation with surface temperature over high-BrO regions. The enhancements of tropospheric BrO columns coincide with movements of cold polar air masses. While GOME BrO measurements reach the maximum in March, simulated near-surface ozone loss peaks in April because of the increasing daylight hours and hence the time for chemical processing. At its peak, the area of simulated near-surface ozone depletions (O-3 < 20 ppbv) covers > 50% of the northern high latitudes. Analysis of surface measurements at Alert and Barrow points to the importance of long-range transport of ozone-poor air from high-BrO regions. We find that specifying a BrO layer thickness of 300 m results in the best overall agreement between observed and simulated ozone. The apparent halogen-driven ozone loss up to 1 km was reproduced in the model because of vertical transport of ozone-poor air from low altitudes. When the empirical Cl/Br ratios derived from previous observations are used, the model can reproduce the observed halogen loss of light alkanes and acetylene. The Cl/Br ratios from a recent box model study using an accepted chemical mechanism are, however, much higher than the empirical results. We show that the hydrocarbon loss is not as sensitive to the prescribed thickness of the halogen layer as the ozone loss, therefore representing a more robust measure for evaluating satellite BrO column measurements. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Zeng, T (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM tzeng@eas.gatech.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 68 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D17 AR D17313 DI 10.1029/2005JD006706 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 085ZX UT WOS:000240644000002 ER PT J AU Wade, JA Plank, T Melson, WG Soto, GJ Hauri, EH AF Wade, Jennifer A. Plank, Terry Melson, William G. Soto, Gerardo J. Hauri, Erik H. TI The volatile content of magmas from Arenal volcano, Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 13-17, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Central America; subduction; volatiles; water content; magma evolution ID CENTRAL-AMERICAN ARC; SUBDUCTION-RELATED MAGMAS; MELT INCLUSIONS; BASALTIC ANDESITES; WAVELENGTH SHIFTS; GLASS INCLUSIONS; SILICATE-GLASSES; SIMS ANALYSIS; WATER; SPECIATION AB We provide the first direct measurements of water in mafic melts from Arenal volcano, Costa Rica. Ion microprobe analyses of olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MI) from the prehistoric ET3 (AR-19) and ET6 (AR-16) tephra layers reveal high concentrations of volatile species: similar to 1-4 wt.% H(2)O, 50-300 ppm CO(2), and > 3000 ppm S and Cl. The MI with the highest water concentrations are the most mafic, and the dataset as a whole records a history of degassing coupled with fractionation and ascent from similar to 2 kbar to 0.2 kbar. Arenal MI form two groups based on their Al, CO(2) and S contents. The ET3 high-Al MI were trapped at the highest pressure, are closest to equilibrium with their host olivines (similar to Fo(79)), which are closest to equilibrium with the bulk-rock liquid. These MI are excellent candidates for Arenal parental liquids, and can generate most Arenal volcanic rock compositions by crystal accumulation (up to 30%), or crystal fractionation at a range of pressure (0.5-3 kb) and H(2)O contents (0.5-3.5 wt.%). The new sulfur data reported here predict total sulfur output over the past similar to 30 years from bulk basaltic andesite liquid that matches well spectroscopic estimates, and resolves the previously noted imbalance. MI from different ET3 and ET6 samples show different F/Cl, while most trace element ratios show a limited range similar to that of the host rocks. The high water content (4 wt.% H(2)O) Of Arenal basaltic magma is somewhat surprising given the weak subduction signal recorded geochemically (e.g., low (10)Be and B). The Arenal MI data contribute to a positive correlation between primary water contents and Ba/La in Central American volcanoes, although further testing is required given the small number of data points, and the expectation that water and trace elements should have different sources in the subduction zone. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Petrol & Volcanol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Wade, JA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jwade@bu.edu RI Plank, Terry/D-9542-2012 NR 65 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 157 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 94 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.045 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 088DD UT WOS:000240790800007 ER PT J AU Aiello, A AF Aiello, Annette TI Insects: Their natural history and diversity. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Aiello, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 131 IS 15 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 087TI UT WOS:000240764900251 ER PT J AU Baker, C Grady, F AF Baker, Caroline Grady, Frederick TI A skull and associated skeletal parts of a Pleistocene tapir from Virginia SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 38A EP 38A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800023 ER PT J AU Edwin, CR Paramo, M Ingeominas, B AF Cadena Rueda, Edwin Paramo, Maria Ingeominas, Bogota TI Podocnemididae and chelidae turtles from the early Miocene, Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia: The oldest record of Podocaiemis and, Chelus in South America SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Nacl Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. Inst Colombiano Geol & Mineria, Bogota, Colombia. Inst Colombiano Petr, Piedecuesta, Colombia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 47A EP 47A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800071 ER PT J AU Carrano, M AF Carrano, Matthew TI A new perspective on non-avian dinosaur diversity SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 48A EP 48A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800076 ER PT J AU Faith, JT Behrensmeyer, A AF Faith, J. Tyler Behrensmeyer, Anna TI Changing patterns of carnivore modification in the modern landscape bone assemblage of Amboseli Park, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Faith, J. Tyler/E-7146-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 59A EP 59A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800139 ER PT J AU Foster, J Carrano, M Trujillo, K Madsen, S AF Foster, John Carrano, Matthew Trujillo, Kelli Madsen, Scott TI Microvertebrate sites in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of the western United States: Definition of taphonomic modes SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Museum Western Colorado, Grand Junction, CO USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Wyoming, Geol Museum, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Dinosaur Natl Monument, Jensen, UT USA. RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 63A EP 63A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800158 ER PT J AU Godfrey, S Barnes, L Bohaska, D AF Godfrey, Stephen Barnes, Lawrence Bohaska, David TI Araeodelphis natator Kellogg, 1957, the most primitive known member of the Platanistidae (Odontoceti, Cetacea), and relationships to other clades within the Platanistoidea SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calvert Marine Museum, Solomons, MD USA. LA Cty Museum Nat Hist, Los Angeles, CA USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 68A EP 68A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800185 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, C Cadena Rueda, E AF Jaramillo, Carlos Cadena Rueda, Edwin TI New podocnemididae fossil turtles from the upper Paleocene Cerrejon Formation, Guajira Peninsula, Colombia SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 81A EP 82A PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800261 ER PT J AU Kroehler, P AF Kroehler, Peter TI A variation on the padded plaster jacket for housing vertebrate fossils SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 87A EP 87A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800293 ER PT J AU Morgan, M Behrensmeyer, A Badgley, C Nelson, S Barry, J AF Morgan, Michele Behrensmeyer, Anna Badgley, Catherine Nelson, Sherry Barry, John TI Evidence for habitat gradients using lateral variation in stable carbon isotope ratios within the miocene siwalik sequence of Pakistan SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 103A EP 103A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800381 ER PT J AU Raveloson, ML Whatley, R AF Raveloson, Miky Lova Whatley, Robin TI Comparative morphology and identification of disassociated crocodyliform osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano Formation, Madagascar SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tananarive, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 113A EP 114A PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800439 ER PT J AU Whatley, R Behrensmeyer, A AF Whatley, Robin Behrensmeyer, Anna TI The paleoecology and taphonomy of the earliest mammals and their contemporaries: A multi-continent study SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 SU S BP 138A EP 138A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 088TK UT WOS:000240833800572 ER PT J AU Goncalves, AC Soria, R AF Goncalves, A. C. Soria, R. TI On the weakness of disc models in bright ULXs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY SOURCES; MASS BLACK-HOLES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; PRESSURE EQUILIBRIUM; SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; SOURCE POPULATION; ACCRETION DISKS; NEARBY GALAXIES; ENERGY-SPECTRA AB It is sometimes suggested that phenomenological power law plus cool disc-blackbody models represent the simplest, most robust interpretation of the X-ray spectra of bright ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs); this has been taken as evidence for the presence of intermediate-mass black holes (BHs) (M similar to 10(3) M(circle dot)) in those sources. Here, we assess this claim by comparing the cool disc-blackbody model with a range of other models. For example, we show that the same ULX spectra can be fitted equally well by subtracting a disc-blackbody component from a dominant power-law component, thus turning a soft excess into a soft deficit. Then, we propose a more complex physical model, based on a power-law component slightly modified at various energies by smeared emission and absorption lines from highly ionized, fast-moving gas. We use the XMM-Newton/EPIC (European Photon Imaging Camera) spectra of two ULXs in Holmberg II and NGC 4559 as examples. Our main conclusion is that the presence of a soft excess or a soft deficit depends on the energy range over which we choose to fit the 'true' power-law continuum; those small deviations from the power-law spectrum are well modelled by disc-blackbody components (either in emission or absorption) simply because they are a versatile fitting tool for most kinds of smooth, broad bumps. Hence, we argue that those components should not be taken as evidence for accretion disc emission, nor used to infer BH masses. Finally, we speculate that bright ULXs could be in a spectral state similar to (or an extension of) the steep power-law state of Galactic BH candidates, in which the disc is now completely comptonized and not directly detectable, and the power-law emission may be modified by the surrounding, fast-moving, ionized gas. C1 Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. Observ Astron Lisboa, CAAUL, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Goncalves, AC (reprint author), Observ Paris, LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM anabela.goncalves@obspm.fr; rsoria@cfa.harvard.edu NR 57 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 2 BP 673 EP 683 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10687.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 079TQ UT WOS:000240201200014 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Vandenberg, NJ AF Gonzalez, Guillermo Vandenberg, Natalia J. TI Review of lady beetles in the Cycloneda germainii species complex (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae : Coccinellinae : Coccinellini) with descriptions of new and unusual species from Chile and surrounding countries SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; Cycloneda; germainii; complex; new species; key; Neotropical; Patagonia; Chile; austral; aphidophagous ID NORTH AB A complex of lady beetle species including Cycloneda germainii ( Crotch) is reviewed and seven valid species recognized, including C. germainii, C. eryngii (Mulsant), C. sicardi (Brethes), C. boliviana ( Mulsant), and three new species, C. lacrimosa Gonzalez & Vandenberg, n. sp., C. disconsolata Vandenberg & Gonzalez, n. sp., and C. patagonica Gonzalez & Vandenberg, n. sp. Cycloneda duplaris (Berg) and Arrowella albilacus Brethes, previously synonymized with C. areata Mulsant, are placed as new synonyms of C. germainii; C. boliviana is removed from synonymy with C. areata and reinstated as a full species; C. sicardi ( Brethes) is recognized as the valid replacement name for C. areata Mulsant. All seven species in the C. germainii species complex are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. Geographical distributions, prey associations ( when known), and a key to species are provided. The occurrence of Coccinellini species with reduced ( 10 or 9) or variable numbers of antennomeres is noted for the first time, as well as loss of gender-specific color pattern polymorphism in some of the species studied. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Plant Sci Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), Nocedal 6455 Reina, Santiago, Chile. EM willogonzalez@yahoo.com; nvandenb@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 11 PY 2006 IS 1311 BP 13 EP 50 PG 38 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 082JR UT WOS:000240383300002 ER PT J AU Mole, A AF Mole, Arthur TI HIST 25-Torviscosa: Mussolini's chemical city SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mole, Arthur] Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr Study Invent & Innovat, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 25-HIST PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781603770 ER PT J AU Morales, MF Bowman, JD Hewitt, JN AF Morales, Miguel F. Bowman, Judd D. Hewitt, Jacqueline N. TI Improving foreground subtraction in statistical observations of 21 cm emission from the epoch of reionization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; radio lines : galaxies ID SQUARE KILOMETER ARRAY; DARK-AGES; CENTIMETER TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH-REDSHIFT; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HI; OBSERVATORIES; FLUCTUATIONS; SENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION AB Statistical observations of the epoch of reionization using the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of structure formation and the first luminous objects. However, these observations are complicated by a host of strong foreground sources. Several foreground-removal techniques have been proposed in the literature, and it has been assumed that these would be used in combination to reveal the epoch of reionization (EOR) signal. By studying the characteristic subtraction errors of the proposed foreground-removal techniques, we identify an additional subtraction stage that can further reduce the EOR foreground contamination, and study the interactions between the foreground-removal algorithms. This enables us to outline a comprehensive foreground-removal strategy that incorporates all previously proposed subtraction techniques. Using this foreground-removal framework and the characteristic subtraction errors, we discuss the complementarity of different foreground-removal techniques and the implications for array design and the analysis of EOR data. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Space & Astrophys Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Morales, MF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-51,P-225, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP 767 EP 773 DI 10.1086/506135 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082QZ UT WOS:000240403600001 ER PT J AU Jester, S Harris, DE Marshall, HL Meisenheimer, K AF Jester, Sebastian Harris, D. E. Marshall, Herman L. Meisenheimer, Klaus TI New Chandra observations of the jet in 3C 273. I. Softer X-ray than radio spectra and the X-ray emission mechanism SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies : jets; quasars : individual (3C 273); radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-SCALE JETS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RELATIVISTIC MODELS; EXTRAGALACTIC JETS; HOT-SPOTS; 3C-273; ACCELERATION; POLARIZATION AB The jet in 3C 273 is a high-power quasar jet with radio, optical, and X-ray emission, whose size and brightness allow a detailed study of the emission processes acting in it. We present deep Chandra observations of this jet and analyze the spectral properties of the jet emission from radio through X-rays. We find that the X-ray spectra are significantly softer than the radio spectra in all regions of the bright part of the jet, except for the first bright "knot A," ruling out a model in which the X-ray emission from the entire jet arises from beamed inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons in a single-zone jet flow. Within two-zone jet models, we find that a synchrotron origin for the jet's X-rays requires fewer additional assumptions than an inverse Compton model, especially if velocity shear leads to efficient particle acceleration in jet flows. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Jester, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Mail Stop 127,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jester@fnal.gov; harris@head.cfa.harvard.edu; hermanm@space.mit.edu; meise@mpia.de NR 60 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP 900 EP 909 DI 10.1086/505962 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082QZ UT WOS:000240403600013 ER PT J AU Machacek, M Nulsen, PEJ Jones, C Forman, WR AF Machacek, M. Nulsen, P. E. J. Jones, C. Forman, W. R. TI Chandra observations of nuclear outflows in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4552 in the Virgo Cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : individual (NGC 4552, M89); intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LINER/H-II GALAXIES; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; COOLING FLOWS; STAR-FORMATION; SOUND-WAVES; LUMINOSITY; BUBBLES; SHOCKS; CORES AB We use a 54.4 ks Chandra observation to study nuclear outflow activity in NGC 4552 (M89), an elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Cluster. Chandra images in the 0.5-2 keV band show two ringlike features similar to 1.7 kpc in diameter in the core of NGC 4552, as reported previously by Filho et al. We use spherically symmetric point explosion shock models to argue that the shape of the surface brightness profile across the rims of the rings and the temperature of hot gas in the rings are consistent with a Mach 1.7 shock carrying mean mechanical power L-shock similar to 3 x 10(41) ergs s(-1) produced by a similar to 1.4 x 10(55) ergs nuclear outburst similar to 1-2 Myr ago. We find the gas temperature in the central similar to 100 pc of the galaxy to be 1.0 +/- 0.2 keV, hotter than elsewhere in the galaxy, suggesting that we may be directly observing the reheating of the galaxy ISM by the outburst. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Machacek, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmachacek@cfa.harvard.edu OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 58 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.1086/505963 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082QZ UT WOS:000240403600017 ER PT J AU Gaensler, BM Chatterjee, S Slane, PO van der Swaluw, E Camilo, F Hughes, JP AF Gaensler, B. M. Chatterjee, S. Slane, P. O. van der Swaluw, E. Camilo, F. Hughes, J. P. TI The X-ray structure of the pulsar bow shock G189.22+2.90 in the supernova remnant IC 443 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (G189.22+2.90, IC 443); pulsars : individual (CXOU J061705.3+222127); stars : neutron; stars : winds, outflows ID RELATIVISTIC MHD SIMULATIONS; SYNCHROTRON NEBULA; CRAB-NEBULA; DISCOVERY; ORIGIN; MODEL; TORUS AB We present a deep observation with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory of the neutron star bow shock G189.22+2.90 in the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443. Our data confirm the cometary morphology and central point source seen previously, but also reveal considerable new structure. Specifically, we find that the X-ray nebula consists of two distinct components: a "tongue'' of bright emission close to the neutron star, enveloped by a larger, fainter "tail.'' We interpret the tongue and tail as delineating the termination shock and the postshock flow, respectively, as previously identified also in the pulsar bow shock G359.23-0.82 ("the Mouse''). However, for G189.22+2.90 the tongue is much less elongated than for the Mouse, while the tail is much broader. These differences are consistent with the low Mach number, M less than or similar to 2, expected for a neutron star moving through the hot gas in a SNR's interior, supporting the case for a physical association between G189.22+2.90 and IC 443. We resolve the standoff distance between the star and the head of the bow shock, which allows us to estimate a space velocity for the neutron star of similar to 230 km s(-1), independent of distance. We detect thermal emission from the neutron star surface at a temperature of 102 +/- 22 eV, which is consistent with the age of SNR IC 443 for standard neutron star cooling models. We also identify two compact knots of hard emission located 1"-2" north and south of the neutron star. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Gaensler, BM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, A29, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM bgaensler@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1086/506246 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082QZ UT WOS:000240403600025 ER PT J AU Pearson, KJ Hynes, RI Steeghs, D Jonker, PG Haswell, CA King, AR O'Brien, K Nelemans, G Mendez, M AF Pearson, K. J. Hynes, R. I. Steeghs, D. Jonker, P. G. Haswell, C. A. King, A. R. O'Brien, K. Nelemans, G. Mendez, M. TI Multiwavelength observations of EXO 0748-676. II. Emission-line behavior SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; binaries : closestars : individual ( UY Vol) ID SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLE-STARS; RAY BINARY EXO-0748-676; SEMIDETACHED BINARIES; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY; ACCRETION DISKS; GAS-DYNAMICS; LOW STATES; TRANSIENT AB We present optical and ultraviolet spectra, light curves, and Doppler tomograms of the low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748 - 676. Using an extensive set of 15 emission-line tomograms, we show that, along with the usual emission from the stream and "hot spot,'' there is extended nonaxisymmetric emission from the disk rim. Some of the emission and H alpha and H beta absorption features lend weight to the hypothesis that part of the stream overflows the disk rim and forms a two phase medium. The data are consistent with a 1.35 M-circle dot neutron star with a main-sequence companion and hence a mass ratio q approximate to 0.34. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Radboud Univ, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Pearson, KJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012; Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Pearson, Kevin/M-7794-2014 OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708; Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP 1169 EP 1180 DI 10.1086/506191 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082QZ UT WOS:000240403600038 ER PT J AU Clowe, D Bradac, M Gonzalez, AH Markevitch, M Randall, SW Jones, C Zaritsky, D AF Clowe, Douglas Bradac, Marusa Gonzalez, Anthony H. Markevitch, Maxim Randall, Scott W. Jones, Christine Zaritsky, Dennis TI A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : clusters : individual; (1E 0657-558); gravitational lensing ID MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS; WEAK LENSING OBSERVATIONS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY; MASS; RECONSTRUCTION; CONSTRAINTS; UNIVERSE; FIELD AB We present new weak-lensing observations of 1E 0657-558 (z = 0.296), a unique cluster merger, that enable a z = 0.296 direct detection of dark matter, independent of assumptions regarding the nature of the gravitational force law. Due to the collision of two clusters, the dissipationless stellar component and the fluid-like X-ray-emitting plasma are spatially segregated. By using both wide-field ground-based images and HST/ACS images of the cluster cores, we create gravitational lensing maps showing that the gravitational potential does not trace the plasma distribution, the dominant baryonic mass component, but rather approximately traces the distribution of galaxies. An 8 sigma significance spatial offset of the center of the total mass from the center of the baryonic mass peaks cannot be explained with an alteration of the gravitational force law and thus proves that the majority of the matter in the system is unseen. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Clowe, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dclowe@as.arizona.edu NR 32 TC 672 Z9 676 U1 12 U2 62 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP L109 EP L113 DI 10.1086/508162 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082RB UT WOS:000240403800007 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Narayan, R AF Cooper, Randall L. Narayan, Ramesh TI On the physics of type I X-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars at high accretion rates SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dense matter; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID SHELL FLASHES; GX 17&2; SUPERBURSTS; EVOLUTION; DENSITIES; EMISSION; MODELS AB We investigate the effect of the hot CNO cycle breakout reaction O-15(alpha, gamma)Ne-19 on the occurrence of type I X-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars. For f(rp) less than or similar to 0.1 where f(rp) is a dimensionless factor by which we multiply the O-15(alpha, gamma)Ne-19 reaction rate of Caughlan & Fowler, our model predicts that bursts should occur only for accretion rates below a critical value approximate to 0.3M(Edd). This agrees with observations. For larger values of f(rp), including the standard choice, the model switches to a new regime in which bursts occur all the way up to M rp. Since the latter regime disagrees with observations, we suggest that the true O-15(alpha, gamma)Ne-19 reaction rate is. M Edd lower than usually assumed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rcooper@cfa.harvard.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP L123 EP L126 DI 10.1086/508167 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082RB UT WOS:000240403800010 ER PT J AU Prochter, GE Prochaska, JX Chen, HW Bloom, JS Dessauges-Zavadsky, M Foley, RJ Lopez, S Pettini, M Dupree, AK Guhathakurta, P AF Prochter, Gabriel E. Prochaska, Jason X. Chen, Hsiao-Wen Bloom, Joshua S. Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava Foley, Ryan J. Lopez, Sebastian Pettini, Max Dupree, Andrea K. Guhathakurta, P. TI On the incidence of strong MgII absorbers along gamma-ray burst sight lines SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; ALPHA SYSTEMS; HOST GALAXY; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; AFTERGLOW; REDSHIFT; DUST; PROGENITOR; TELESCOPE AB We report on a survey for strong ( rest equivalent width W(r) >= 1 angstrom) intervening Mg II systems along the sight lines to long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The GRB spectra that comprise the survey have a heterogeneous mix of resolution and wavelength coverage, but we implement a strict, uniform set of search criteria to derive a well-defined statistical sample. We identify 14 strong Mg II absorbers along 14 GRB sight lines ( nearly every sight line exhibits at least one absorber) with spectra covering a total path length at a mean redshift Delta z = 15.5. In contrast, the predicted incidence of such absorber systems along the same path length to quasar sight (z) over bar = 1.1 lines is only 3.8. The roughly 4 times higher incidence along GRB sight lines is inconsistent with a statistical fluctuation at greater than 99.9% c. l. Several effects could explain the result: ( 1) dust within the Mg II absorbers obscures faint quasars giving a lower observed incidence along quasar sight lines, ( 2) the gas is intrinsic to the GRB event, and ( 3) the GRBs are gravitationally lensed by these absorbers. We present strong arguments against the first two effects and also consider lensing to be an unlikely explanation. The results suggest that at least one of our fundamental assumptions underpinning extragalactic absorption line research is flawed. C1 UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Prochter, GE (reprint author), UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM xavier@ucolick.org; hchen@oddjob.uchicago.edu RI Lopez, Sebastian /I-5657-2016 OI Lopez, Sebastian /0000-0003-0389-0902 NR 46 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 2 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/508061 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082RB UT WOS:000240403800003 ER PT J AU Kiel, S Little, CTS AF Kiel, Steffen Little, Crispin T. S. TI Cold-seep mollusks are older than the general marine mollusk fauna SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL VENT; FOSSIL RECORD; SEA; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES; ORIGINS; WORMS AB The origin and possible antiquity of faunas at deep- sea hydrothermal vents and seeps have been debated since their discovery. We used the fossil record of seep mollusks to show that the living seep genera have significantly longer geologic ranges than the marine mollusks in general, but have ranges similar to those of deep- sea taxa, suggesting that seep faunas may be shaped by the factors that drive the evolution of life in the deep sea in general. Our data indicate that deep- sea anoxic/dysoxic events did not affect seep faunas, casting doubt on the suggested anoxic nature and/or global extent of these events. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kiel, S (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM steffen.kiel@gmx.de RI Kiel, Steffen/C-3150-2009; OI Kiel, Steffen/0000-0001-6281-100X; Little, Crispin/0000-0002-1917-4460 NR 27 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 8 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5792 BP 1429 EP 1431 DI 10.1126/science.1126286 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 081WQ UT WOS:000240348700040 PM 16960004 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Aharonson, O Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crisp, JA Farrand, W Glotch, T Golombek, MP Grant, J Grotzinger, J Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Jolliff, BL Knoll, AH McLennan, SM McSween, HY Moore, JM Rice, JW Tosca, N AF Squyres, S. W. Aharonson, O. Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. F., III Christensen, P. R. Clark, B. C. Crisp, J. A. Farrand, W. Glotch, T. Golombek, M. P. Grant, J. Grotzinger, J. Herkenhoff, K. E. Johnson, J. R. Jolliff, B. L. Knoll, A. H. McLennan, S. M. McSween, H. Y. Moore, J. M. Rice, J. W., Jr. Tosca, N. TI Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID BURNS FORMATION; MARS; ENVIRONMENT; DIAGENESIS C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Squyres, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM squyres@astro.cornell.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016 OI Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 7 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7107 BP E1 EP E2 DI 10.1038/nature05212 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 081JM UT WOS:000240313900033 PM 16957684 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA Robertson, DR AF Lessios, H. A. Robertson, D. R. TI Crossing the impassable: genetic connections in 20 reef fishes across the eastern Pacific barrier SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dispersal; marine biogeography; Pacific Ocean; mtDNA; reef fishes; isolation-migration algorithm ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SPECIATION; SEA; DISPERSAL; OCEAN; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; GENEALOGIES; HAPLOTYPES AB The 'impassable' Eastern Pacific Barrier (EPB), ca 5 000 km of deep water separating the eastern from the central Pacific, is the World's widest marine biogeographic barrier. Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA in 20 reef fish morphospecies encountered on both sides of the barrier revealed cryptic speciation in two. Among the other 18 species only two showed significant differentiation (as revealed by haplotype networks and F-ST statistics) between the eastern and the central Pacific. Coalescence analyses indicated that genetic similarity in the 18 truly transpacific species resulted from different combinations of ages of most recent invasion and of levels of recurrent gene flow, with estimated times of initial separation ranging from approximately 30 000 to 1 Myr (ago). There is no suggestion of simultaneous interruptions of gene flow among the species. Migration across the EPB was previously thought to be exclusively eastward, but our evidence showed two invasions from east to west and eight cases in which subsequent gene flow possibly proceeded in the same direction. Thus, the EPB is sporadically permeable to propagules originating on either side. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM lessiosh@stri.org NR 42 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1598 BP 2201 EP 2208 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3543 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 078LL UT WOS:000240104300014 PM 16901840 ER PT J AU Littler, MM Littler, DS Brooks, BL Lapointe, BE AF Littler, M. M. Littler, D. S. Brooks, B. L. Lapointe, B. E. TI Nutrient manipulation methods for coral reef studies: A critical review and experimental field data SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; corals; coral reefs; methods; nutrients ID COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; SOUTHEAST FLORIDA; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; STABLE STATES; PHASE-SHIFTS; BARRIER-REEF; ENRICHMENT; HERBIVORY; ALGAE AB The results reported in this paper demonstrate suboptimal experimental designs in some of the previously published manipulative methods and provide insights for the improvement of in-situ nutrient studies on coral reefs. Overgrown 0.5-liter porous clay-pot diffusers ("mini -reefs"-following a decade of recruitment, colonization and competition) were utilized to evaluate protocols for studies of controlled nutrient enrichment on coral reefs. A commonly used fertilizer, Tree Food Stakes resulted in detrimental 11-fold and 20-fold decreases of fleshy algae and calcareous coralline algae, respectively, relative to the Control treatments; while blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) became significantly (6 times) more abundant. Osmocote-filled mini-reefs showed no such negative differences in mortality from the Controls for any functional group. By avoiding the pitfalls of inappropriate sources of enrichment, insufficient durations of colonization/competition studies, suboptimal study areas and inadequate nutrient detection limits in future research, the potential to provide new insights into the nutrient status of coral reefs is greatly increased. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Littler, MM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM littlerm@si.edu RI Brooks, Barrett/C-5306-2008 NR 61 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 5 PY 2006 VL 336 IS 2 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.05.014 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 075FF UT WOS:000239868400009 ER PT J AU Place, AR Harvey, HR Bai, X Coats, DW AF Place, A. R. Harvey, H. R. Bai, X. Coats, D. W. TI Sneaking under the toxin surveillance radar: parasitism and sterol content SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Harmful Algae CY NOV 15-19, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA DE karlotoxin; parasitic dinoflagellates; sterols ID DINOFLAGELLATE AMOEBOPHRYA-CERATII; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DINOPHYCEAE; STRAINS AB Parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Amoebophrya infect and kill bloom-forming dinoflagellates, including the toxic species Karlodinium, micrum. Strains of K. micrum produce cytotoxic compounds (KmTX) that render cell membranes permeable to a range of small ions and molecules, resulting in cell death through osmotic lysis. Membrane sterol composition appears to play a role in the sensitivity of different algal species to the membrane-disrupting effects of KmTX. This sterol specificity also appears to be responsible for the apparent immunity of K. micrum to its own toxins. K. micrum has a unique sterol profile, shared only by the congeneric dinoflagellates Karenia brevis and K. mikimotoi, dominated by (24S)-4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-ergosta-8(14), 22-dien-3 beta-ol (72% by weight). This sterol has recently been named gymnodinosterol. Analysis of the sterol content in Amoebophrya sp. infecting K. micrum, showed gymnodinosterol also to be dominant (62%). This was not simply a reflection of retaining host lipid content because K. micrum contains octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5n3), largely in galactolipids of the chloroplast, whereas Amoebophfya sp. contained little to no 18:5n3. By having a sterol content similar to its host, Amoebophrya sp. is able to avoid cell lysis caused by the cytotoxic compounds produced by the host. C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Place, AR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM place@umbi.umd.edu RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1814-232X J9 AFR J MAR SCI JI Afr. J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.2989/18142320609504175 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 091TA UT WOS:000241050000033 ER PT J AU Nie, ZL Sun, H Beardsley, PM Olmstead, RG Wen, J AF Nie, Ze-Long Sun, Hang Beardsley, Paul M. Olmstead, Richard G. Wen, Jun TI Evolution of biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and eastern North America in Phryma (Phrymaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE biogeography; intercontinental disjunction; eastern Asia; eastern North America; morphological stasis; Phryma; Phrymaceae; phylogeography ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; F SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR DIVERGENCE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; FLORISTIC DISJUNCTION; SECTION RYTIDOSPERMUM; MAGNOLIA MAGNOLIACEAE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; FLOWERING PLANTS; CHLOROPLAST AB This study examines molecular and morphological differentiation in Phryma L., which has only one species with a well-known classic intercontinental disjunct distribution between eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA). Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast rps16 and trnL-F sequences revealed two highly distinct clades corresponding to EA and ENA. The divergence time between the intercontinental populations was estimated to be 3.68 +/- 2.25 to 5.23 +/- 1.37 million years ago (mya) based on combined chloroplast data using Bayesian and penalized likelihood methods. Phylogeographic and dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis suggest a North American origin of Phryma and its migration into EA via the Bering land bridge. Multivariate analysis based on 23 quantitative morphological characters detected no geographic groups at the intercontinental level. The intercontinental populations of Phryma thus show distinct molecular divergence with little morphological differentiation. The discordance of the molecular and morphological patterns may be explained by morphological stasis due to ecological similarity in both continents. The divergence of Phryma from its close relatives in the Phrymaceae was estimated to be at least 32.32 +/- 4.46 to 49.35 +/- 3.18 mya. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu RI Nie, Ze-Long/N-8471-2015 OI Nie, Ze-Long/0000-0001-8065-3981 NR 105 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 12 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1343 EP 1356 DI 10.3732/ajb.93.9.1343 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 092LI UT WOS:000241097800014 PM 21642199 ER PT J AU Gilbert, B Laurance, WF Leigh, EG Nascimento, HEM AF Gilbert, Benjamin Laurance, William F. Giles Leigh, Egbert, Jr. Nascimento, Henrique E. M. TI Can neutral theory predict the responses of amazonian tree communities to forest fragmentation? SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE edge effects; extinction; forest dynamics; habitat fragmentation; rain forest; tree communities ID SPECIES-AREA CURVES; RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST; DEPENDENT RECRUITMENT; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; SPATIAL MODELS; BETA-DIVERSITY; RICHNESS; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS AB We use Hubbell's neutral theory to predict the impact of habitat fragmentation on Amazonian tree communities. For forest fragments isolated for about two decades, we generate neutral predictions for local species extinction, changes in species composition within fragments, and increases in the probability that any two trees within a fragment are conspecific. We tested these predictions using fragment and intact forest data from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in central Amazonia. To simulate complete demographic isolation, we excluded immigrants-species absent from a fragment or intact forest plot in the initial census but present in its last census-from our tests. The neutral theory correctly predicted the rate of species extinction from different plots as a function of the diversity and mortality rate of trees in each plot. However, the rate of change in species composition was much faster than predicted in fragments, indicating that different tree species respond differently to environmental changes. This violates the key assumption of neutral theory. When immigrants were included in our calculations, they increased the disparity between predicted and observed changes in fragments. Overall, neutral theory accurately predicted the pace of local extinctions in fragments but consistently underestimated changes in species composition. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada. INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM bgilbert@zoology.ubc.ca; laurancew@si.edu; leighl@si.edu; henrique@inpa.gov.br RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-6616-2010; Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Nascimento, Henrique/F-8612-2012 OI Gilbert, Benjamin/0000-0002-4947-6822; NR 57 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 35 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 168 IS 3 BP 304 EP 317 DI 10.1086/506969 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 085JK UT WOS:000240600200003 PM 16947106 ER PT J AU Piantoni, C Ibarguengoytia, NR Cussac, VE AF Piantoni, Carla Ibarguengoytia, Nora R. Cussac, Victor E. TI Age and growth of the Patagonian lizard Phymaturus patagonicus SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article ID DESMOGNATHINE SALAMANDERS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; VIVIPAROUS LIZARD; SKELETOCHRONOLOGY; SIZE; AMPHIBIA; CLIMATE; SKINK; FROG AB The growth dynamics of Phymaturus patagonicus, a diurnal, herbivorous and viviparous lizard from the Argentinean Patagonian steppe, was studied using eight juveniles (two born in the laboratory), 11 adult females and eight adult males. Histological cross sections of femoral bones were analysed to determine if individuals show osseous growth marks and if these marks provide useful age estimates. Individual ages were assessed after estimating the reabsorbed rings in relation to snout-vent length. There was a strong relationship between body length and estimated age, modelled by a sigmoidal curve. Sexual maturity was found to be reached at seven years in females and nine in males and the maximum life span was estimated to be 16 years. No difference in body length was observed between the same-age females and males. We postulate that severe environments such as the north Patagonian steppe play a significant role in the selection of not only modes of reproduction but also delayed maturity and prolonged reproductive cycles, a combination that results in low fecundity. C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Nacl Comahue, Dept Zool, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Piantoni, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NHB, MRC 163,Constitut Ave 10th St NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carla.piantoni@gmail.com RI Piantoni, Carla/K-2986-2015; OI Piantoni, Carla/0000-0002-1201-0041; Cussac, Victor/0000-0001-6406-1855 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1163/156853806778189981 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 102YZ UT WOS:000241851000009 ER PT J AU Piantoni, C Ibarguengoytia, NR Cussac, VE AF Piantoni, Carla Ibarguengoytia, Nora R. Cussac, Victor E. TI Growth and age of the southernmost distributed gecko of the world (Homonota darwini) studied by skeletochronology SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article ID BODY-SIZE; VIVIPAROUS LIZARD; MALE-PREFERENCE; LARGE FEMALES; LIFE-HISTORY; FROG; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; STRATEGIES; AMPHIBIA AB Homonota darwini is the southernmost distributed gekkonid species of the world, as it can be found in South America from 35 degrees to 52 degrees S. Age and growth of H. darwini were studied using skeletochronology on diaphyseal femoral cross-sections. Individual ages were assessed after estimating the resorbed rings in relation to snout-vent length (SVL). SVL and age showed a sigmoidal relationship and growth rates showed a shift from premature growth to mature breeding when sexual maturity is achieved. The model indicates that sexual maturity in H. darwini is reached at five years in females and nine in males. Species longevity is estimated to be 17 years, which corresponds to a k-selected trait of late maturity and long life expectancy. Once sexual maturity is achieved, size is a poor indicator of age in this species. These results are discussed in terms of behavioural and physiological adaptations of this species to the strong environmental pressures of the Patagonian steppe. Our results also support the hypothesis that daytime burrow temperatures, which are similar to body temperatures recorded in diurnal lizard species, meet the physiological growth requirements of nocturnal lizard species. C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Nacl Comahue, Dept Zool, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Piantoni, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NHB, MRC 163,Constitut Ave 10th St NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carla.piantoni@gmail.com RI Piantoni, Carla/K-2986-2015; OI Piantoni, Carla/0000-0002-1201-0041; Cussac, Victor/0000-0001-6406-1855 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1163/156853806778190060 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 102YZ UT WOS:000241851000010 ER PT J AU Wolk, SJ Spitzbart, BD Bourke, TL Alves, J AF Wolk, Scott J. Spitzbart, Bradley D. Bourke, Tyler L. Alves, Joao TI X-ray and infrared point source identification and characteristics in the embedded, massive star-forming region RCW 38 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H (II) regions; ISM : individual (RCW 38); stars : formation; X-rays : stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; ORION ULTRADEEP PROJECT; INTRINSIC COLORS; STELLAR CORONAE; NEBULA-CLUSTER; EMISSION; YOUNG; ASTRONOMY; CONSTRAINTS; PHOTOMETRY AB We report on results of a 96.7 ks Chandra observation of one of the youngest, most embedded, and most massive young stellar clusters studied in X-rays: RCW38. We detect 460 sources in the field, of which 360 are confirmed to be associated with the RCW 38 cluster. The cluster members range in luminosity from 10(30) to 10(33.5) ergs s(-1). Over 10% of the cluster members with over 100 counts exhibit flares, while about 15% of the cluster members with over 30 counts are variable. Of the sources identified as cluster members, 160 have near-infrared (NIR) counterparts either in the Two Micron All Sky Survey database or detected via Very Large Telescope observations. Of these, about 20% appear to have optically thick disks. An additional 353 members are identified through NIR observations, of which at least 50% possess optically thick disks. We fit over 100 X-ray sources as absorbed Raymond-Smith-type plasmas and find that the column to the cluster members varies from 10(21.5) to 10(23) cm(-2). We compare the gas to dust absorption signatures in these stars and find N(H) = A(V)(2 x 10(21)) cm(-2). We find that the cluster contains 31 candidate OB stars and is centered about 10" (0.1 pc) west of the primary source of the ionization, the O5 star IRS 2. The cluster has a peak central density of about 400 X-ray sources pc(-2). We estimate that the total cluster membership exceeds 2000 stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Wolk, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 132 IS 3 BP 1100 EP 1125 DI 10.1086/505704 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082RA UT WOS:000240403700013 ER PT J AU Fernandez, YR Campins, H Kassis, M Hergenrother, CW Binzel, RP Licandro, J Hora, JL Adams, JD AF Fernandez, Y. R. Campins, H. Kassis, M. Hergenrother, C. W. Binzel, R. P. Licandro, J. Hora, J. L. Adams, J. D. TI Comet 162P/Siding Spring: A surprisingly large nucleus SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets : individual (162P); infrared : solar system ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; THERMAL INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; PHOTOMETRY; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; SIZE AB We present an analysis of thermal emission from comet 162P/Siding Spring (P/2004 TU12) measured during its discovery apparition in 2004 December. The comet showed no dust coma at this time, so we have sampled emission from the comet's nucleus. Observations using the Mid-Infrared Spectrometer and Imager (MIRSI) were performed at NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility, where the peak of the comet's spectral energy distribution was observed between 8 and 25 mu m. In combination with the three near-IR spectra presented by Campins and coworkers (in the companion to this paper) that show the Wien-law tail of the thermal emission, the data provide powerful constraints on surface properties of the nucleus. We find that the nucleus's effective radius is 6.0 +/- 0.8 km. This is one of the largest radii known among Jupiter-family comets, which is unusual considering that the comet was discovered only recently. Its geometric albedo is 0.059 +/- 0.023 in the H band, 0.037 +/- 0.014 in the R band, and 0.034 +/- 0.013 in the V band. We also find that the nucleus of 162P has little IR beaming, and this implies that the nucleus has low thermal inertia. Including all near-IR spectra yields a beaming parameter eta of 1.01 +/- 0.20. This result is in agreement with others showing that cometary nuclei have low thermal inertia and little IR beaming. If confirmed for many nuclei, the interpretation of radiometry may not be as problematic as feared. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Isaac Newton Grp, Tenerife 38700, Spain. Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Fernandez, YR (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. OI Fernandez, Yanga/0000-0003-1156-9721; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 132 IS 3 BP 1354 EP 1360 DI 10.1086/506252 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082RA UT WOS:000240403700033 ER PT J AU Azevedo, R Calvet, N Hartmann, L Folha, DFM Gameiro, F Muzerolle, J AF Azevedo, R. Calvet, N. Hartmann, L. Folha, D. F. M. Gameiro, F. Muzerolle, J. TI Calcium II infrared triplet line models in classical T Tauri stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; stars : magnetic fields; stars : pre-main sequence; stars : individual : DI Cep ID MASS YOUNG STARS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; DISK ACCRETION; EMISSION-LINE; VARIABILITY; DIAGNOSTICS; FLOWS; SHOCK; EVOLUTION; ROTATION AB We study the formation of the calcium II infrared triplet lines 8498 angstrom, 8542 angstrom and 8662 angstrom, in the accreting magnetospheric flows of Classical T Tauri stars (CTTS), and present a grid of models for a large range of magnetospheric conditions. We apply our models to the interpretation of multi epoch observations of the CTTS DI Cep. We find that these lines form in the magnetospheric infall and that the variability of the CaII triplet lines in DI Cep can be explained in the context of changes in the mass accretion rate/temperature of the accretion column gas. C1 Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, CAUP, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Matemat Aplicada, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. Inst Super Ciencias Saude Norte, P-4585116 Granada PRD, Portugal. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Azevedo, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM razevedo@astro.up.pt RI Gameiro, Jorge/M-5057-2013; OI Folha, Daniel/0000-0003-0150-0288; Gameiro, Jorge/0000-0002-1970-7001; Azevedo, Rui/0000-0002-8904-002X NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 456 IS 1 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054315 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 077EE UT WOS:000240009800022 ER PT J AU Cotton, WD Vlemmings, W Mennesson, B Perrin, G du Foresto, VC Chagnon, G Diamond, PJ van Langevelde, HJ Bakker, E Ridgway, S Mc Allister, H Traub, W Ragland, S AF Cotton, W. D. Vlemmings, W. Mennesson, B. Perrin, G. du Foresto, V. Coude Chagnon, G. Diamond, P. J. van Langevelde, H. J. Bakker, E. Ridgway, S. Mc Allister, H. Traub, W. Ragland, S. TI Further VLBA observations of SiO masers toward Mira variable stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : variables : general; radio lines : stars; masers ID LINEARLY POLARIZED RADIATION; ASTROPHYSICAL MASERS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; R-AQUARII; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; TX CAM; EMISSION; VARIABILITY; PERIOD; GHZ AB We present the results of continued monitoring of the SiO masers at 7 mm wavelength in several of the Mira variable stars reported in Cotton et al. (2004, A&A, 414, 275) (o Ceti = Mira, U Orionis = U Ori, R Aquarii = R Aqr) over a period of 16 months, extending the observations to several pulsation cycles. The observed size of the maser rings varied by 3-14% with time but show no clear correlation with pulsation phase. In all cases, the SiO masers appear just outside the dense molecular layer indicated by near-IR observations. Rotation (or large scale motion) is possibly detected in o Ceti with a period of 89 x sin(i) years. We find linear polarization up to similar to 60% and at several epochs predominantly tangentially ordered polarization vectors indicate a radial magnetic field direction. Jet-like features are examined in o Ceti and R Aqr and in both cases, the magnetic field appears elongated with the masing structure. This suggests that the dynamic feature in the envelope is dragging the magnetic field or that the gas is constrained to follow magnetic field. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Paris, DESPA, F-92190 Meudon, France. Joint Inst VLIB Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Cotton, WD (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM bcotton@nrao.edu OI van Langevelde, Huib Jan/0000-0002-0230-5946; /0000-0002-2700-9916 NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 456 IS 1 BP 339 EP U70 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065134 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 077EE UT WOS:000240009800035 ER PT J AU Garson, A Krawczynski, H Grindlay, J Fishman, GJ Wilson, CA AF Garson, A., III Krawczynski, H. Grindlay, J. Fishman, G. J. Wilson, C. A. TI Using the active collimator and shield assembly of an EXIST-type mission as a gamma-ray burst spectrometer SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays : bursts; instrumentation : detectors; instrumentation : spectrographs ID PEAK ENERGY; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; BLACK-HOLES; LUMINOSITY; SIMULATION; REDSHIFTS; BEPPOSAX; SPECTRA; EVOLUTION; MONITOR AB The Energetic X-Ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) is a mission design concept that uses coded masks seen by Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors to register hard X-rays in the energy region from 10 keV to 600 keV. A partially active or fully active anti-coincidence shield/ collimator with a total area of between 15 m(2) and 35 m(2) will be used to define the field-of-view of the CZT detectors and to suppress the background of cosmic-ray-induced events. In this paper, we describe the use of a sodium activated cesium iodide shield/ collimator to detect gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and to measure their energy spectra in the energy range from 100 keV up to 10 MeV. We use the code GEANT 4 to simulate the interactions of photons and cosmic rays with the spacecraft and the instrument and the code DETECT2000 to simulate the optical properties of the scintillation detectors. The shield/ collimator achieves nu F-nu-sensitivity of 3 x 10(-9) erg cm(-2) s(-1) and 2 x 10(-8) erg cm(-2) s(-1) at 100 keV and 600 keV, respectively. The sensitivity is well matched to that of the coded mask telescope. The broad energy coverage of an EXIST-type mission with active shields will constrain the peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) for a large number of GRBs. The measurement of the SED peak may be key for determining photometric GRB redshifts and for using GRBs as cosmological probes. C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Garson, A (reprint author), Washington Univ, 1 Brookings Dr,CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 456 IS 1 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053674 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 077EE UT WOS:000240009800040 ER PT J AU Pott, JU Eckart, A Krips, M Tacconi-Garman, LE Lindt, E AF Pott, J. -U. Eckart, A. Krips, M. Tacconi-Garman, L. E. Lindt, E. TI Search for dense molecular gas in two QSO host galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quasars : general; galaxies : ISM; ISM : molecules ID PALOMAR-GREEN QUASARS; INFRARED GALAXIES; EMISSION; STARBURSTS; NGC-1068; ORIGIN; CO AB Context. The HCN(1-0) rotational line transition traces the dense (nH(2) > 10(4) cm(-3)) fraction of the molecular gas typically located in starforming (SF) regions. In addition, an abnormally high HCN/ CO line ratio close to AGNs may indicate then conditions of an X-ray-dominated region. Observed correlations between the CO-, HCN-, and FIR luminosities in nearby non-active, starburst, and low-luminosity active galaxies represent the physical connection between star formation and molecular gas as its fuel. HCN(1-0) has hardly been investigated in nearby high-luminosity AGN within this context. Aims. The aim of this study is to compare the HCN luminosity with published CO and IR luminosities to investigate the role of SF in the observed QSO host galaxies. Methods. We used the IRAM 30 m for the first time to search for the HCN(1-0) transition in two standard QSO host galaxies at z similar to 0.1. Results. Our upper limits on LHCN agree with the known correlations and do not show strong excess abundance or excitation of the HCN due to the luminous active quasar nucleus. The starburst origin of the far-infrared luminosity in the observed QSO hosts cannot be proven unambiguously by the upper limits. We found that the IR/ FIR ratio indicates independently of L-IR if a significant amount of AGN heated dust is present. C1 ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Cologne, Phys Inst 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Submillimeter Array, HI 96720 USA. RP Pott, JU (reprint author), ESO, Karl Schwarzschildstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM jpott@eso.org NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 456 IS 2 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065063 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080IZ UT WOS:000240242400011 ER PT J AU Bruntt, H Southworth, J Torres, G Penny, AJ Clausen, JV Buzasi, DL AF Bruntt, H. Southworth, J. Torres, G. Penny, A. J. Clausen, J. V. Buzasi, D. L. TI Eclipsing binaries observed with the WIRE satellite - I. Discovery and photometric analysis of the new bright A0 IV eclipsing binary psi Centauri SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; stars : binaries : close; stars : binaries : eclipsing; techniques : photometric; stars : individual : psi Cen (HD 125473, HR 5367); stars : individual : iota Oph (HD 152614, HR 6281) ID UVBY-BETA-PHOTOMETRY; EJECTION IMAGER SMEI; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; OPEN CLUSTERS; B-STAR; ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; STELLAR EVOLUTION; SURFACE GRAVITY; Y-2 ISOCHRONES AB Context. Determinations of stellar mass and radius with realistic uncertainties at the level of 1% provide important constraints on models of stellar structure and evolution. Aims. We present a high-precision light curve of the A0IV star psi Centauri, from the star tracker on board the wire satellite and the Solar Mass Ejection Imager camera on the Coriolis spacecraft. The data show that psi Cen is an eccentric eclipsing binary system with a relatively long orbital period. Methods. The wire light curve extends over 28.7 nights and contains 41 334 observations with 2 mmag point-to-point scatter. The eclipse depths are 0.28 and 0.16 mag, and show that the two eclipsing components of psi Cen have very different radii. As a consequence, the secondary eclipse is total. We find the eccentricity to be e = 0.55 with an orbital period of 38.8 days from combining the wire light curve with data taken over two years from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager camera. Results. We have fitted the light curve with EBOP and have assessed the uncertainties of the resulting parameters using Monte Carlo simulations. The fractional radii of the stars and the inclination of the orbit have random errors of only 0.1% and 0.01 degrees, respectively, but the systematic uncertainty in these quantities may be somewhat larger. We have used photometric calibrations to estimate the effective temperatures of the components of psi Cen to be 10450 +/- 300 and 8800 +/- 300 K indicating masses of about 3.1 and 2.0 M-circle dot. There is evidence in the wire light curve for g-mode pulsations in the primary star. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bruntt, H (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM bruntt@physics.usyd.edu.au; jkt@astro.keele.ac.uk; gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; apenny@cfa.harvard.edu; jvc@astro.ku.dk; Derek.Buzasi@usafa.af.mil NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 456 IS 2 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065628 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080IZ UT WOS:000240242400025 ER PT J AU Snijders, L van der Werf, PP Brandl, BR Mengel, S Schaerer, D Wang, Z AF Snijders, L. van der Werf, P. P. Brandl, B. R. Mengel, S. Schaerer, D. Wang, Z. TI Subarcsecond resolution mid-infrared observations of super star clusters in the Antennae (NGC 4038/4039) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : individual (NGC 4038, NGC 4039); galaxies : star clusters ID NEED ULTRAVIOLET EXCITATION; GALAXIES; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; STARBURSTS; PHOTOMETRY AB We present ground-based subarcsecond mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy of young super star clusters in the overlap region of the merging galaxies NGC 4038/4039 ( the Antennae) obtained with the VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-InfraRed (VISIR). With its unprecedented spatial resolution, VISIR begins for the first time to resolve the H II/photodissociation region complexes around the star-forming regions. In the N-band spectra of two young star clusters, unexpectedly low polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission is observed, compared to what is seen with the Infrared Space Observatory and with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We conclude that a large fraction of the PAH emission cannot be directly associated with the super star clusters but originates from an extended region of at least 215 pc radius around the clusters. In the distribution of [Ne II] 12.81 mu m emission, a highly obscured cluster is discovered that does not have an optical or near-infrared counterpart. C1 Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Observ Midi Pyrenees, UMR 5572, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Snijders, L (reprint author), Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080EI UT WOS:000240230300007 ER PT J AU Rigopoulou, D Huang, JS Papovich, C Ashby, MLN Barmby, P Shu, C Bundy, K Egami, E Magdis, G Smith, H Willner, SP Wilson, G Fazio, GG AF Rigopoulou, D. Huang, J. -S. Papovich, C. Ashby, M. L. N. Barmby, P. Shu, C. Bundy, K. Egami, E. Magdis, G. Smith, H. Willner, S. P. Wilson, G. Fazio, G. G. TI SPITZER observations of z-3 Lyman break galaxies: Stellar masses and mid-infrared properties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high redshift; galaxies : stellar content; infrared : galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTREMELY RED OBJECTS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOCKMAN HOLE; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; MASSIVE GALAXIES AB We describe the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z similar to 3, using deep mid-infrared and optical observations of the extended Groth strip, obtained with IRAC and MIPS on board Spitzer and from the ground, respectively. We focus on LBGs with detections at all four IRAC bands, in particular the 26 galaxies with IRAC 8 mu m band (rest-frame K-band) detections. We use stellar population-synthesis models and probe the stellar content of these galaxies. Based on best-fit continuous star formation models, we derive estimates of the stellar mass for these LBGs. As in previous studies, we find that a fraction of LBGs have very red colors and large estimated stellar masses (M-* > 5 x 10(10) M-circle dot); the current Spitzer data allow us, for the first time, to study these massive LBGs in detail. We discuss the link between these LBGs and submillimeter-luminous galaxies, and we find that the number density of these massive LBGs at high redshift is higher than predicted by current semianalytic models of galaxy evolution. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Shanghai Normal Univ, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Rigopoulou, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RI Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 64 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1086/505784 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080EH UT WOS:000240230200009 ER PT J AU McNamara, BR Rafferty, DA Birzan, L Steiner, J Wise, MW Nulsen, PEJ Carilli, CL Ryan, R Sharma, M AF McNamara, B. R. Rafferty, D. A. Birzan, L. Steiner, J. Wise, M. W. Nulsen, P. E. J. Carilli, C. L. Ryan, R. Sharma, M. TI The starburst in the Abell 1835 cluster central galaxy: A case study of galaxy formation regulated by an outburst from a supermassive black hole SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cooling flows; galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (Abell 1835); galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : starburst; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID COOLING-FLOW CLUSTERS; H-I ABSORPTION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EMISSION-LINE NEBULAE; COSMIC STAR-FORMATION; RELIC RADIO BUBBLES; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; THERMAL CONDUCTION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES AB We present an analysis of the starburst in the Abell 1835 cluster's cD galaxy. The dense gas surrounding the galaxy is radiating X-rays at a rate of similar to 10(45) ergs s(-1), which is consistent with a cooling rate of similar to 1000-2000 M-circle dot yr(-1). However, Chandra and XMM-Newton observations found less than 200 M-circle dot yr(-1) of cooling below similar to 2 keV, a level that is consistent with the cD's current star formation rate of 100-180 M-circle dot yr(-1). One or more heating agents (feedback) must then be replenishing the remaining radiative losses. Supernova explosions and thermal conduction are unable to do so. However, the active galactic nucleus (AGN) is pumping similar or equal to 1:4; 10(45) ergs s(-1) into the hot gas, which is enough power to offset most of the radiative cooling losses. The AGN jet power exceeds the radio synchrotron power by similar to 4000 times, making this one of the most radiatively inefficient radio sources known. The jet power implies that the supermassive black hole has accreted at a mean rate of similar to 0.3 M-circle dot yr(-1) over the last 40 Myr or so, which is a small fraction of the Eddington accretion rate for a similar to 10(9) M-circle dot black hole. The ratio of black hole growth rate by accretion to bulge growth by star formation is consistent with the slope of the (Magorrian) relationship between bulge and central black hole mass in nearby quiescent galaxies. The starburst follows the Schmidt-Kennicutt parameterizations, indicating that the local environment is not substantially altering the IMF and other conditions leading to the onset of star formation. The consistency between net cooling, heating (feedback), and the cooling sink (star formation) in this system resolves the primary objection to traditional cooling flow models. C1 Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP McNamara, BR (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 136 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 1 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.1086/505859 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080EH UT WOS:000240230200016 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Dame, TM Costantini, E Predehl, P AF Smith, Randall K. Dame, T. M. Costantini, Elisa Predehl, Peter TI The X-ray halo of GX 5-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; scattering; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : ISM ID INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; GALACTIC-CENTER; MILKY-WAY; INFRARED COUNTERPART; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CO SURVEY; DUST; SCATTERING; EXTINCTION; BINARIES AB Using Chandra observations we have measured the energy-resolved dust-scattered X-ray halo around the low-mass X-ray binary GX 5-1, which shows signs of both singly and multiply scattered X-rays. We compared the observed X-ray halo at various energies to predictions from a range of dust models. These fits used both smoothly distributed dust and dust in clumped clouds, with CO and 21 cm observations helping to determine the positions of the clouds along the line of sight. We found that the BARE-GR-B model of Zubko and coworkers generally led to the best results, although inadequacies in both the overall model and the data limit our conclusions. We did find that the composite dust models of Zubko and coworkers, especially the "no carbon'' models, gave uniformly poor results. Although models using cloud positions and densities derived naively from CO and 21 cm data gave generally poor results, plausible adjustments to the distance of the largest cloud and the mass of a cloud in the expanding 3 kpc arm led to significantly improved fits. We suggest that combining X-ray halo, CO, and 21 cm observations will be a fruitful method to improve our understanding of both the gas and dust phases of the interstellar medium. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM rsmith@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 1 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1086/505650 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080EH UT WOS:000240230200037 ER PT J AU Lee, JE Di Francesco, J Lai, SP Bourke, TL Evans, NJ Spiesman, B Myers, PC Allen, LE Brooke, TY Porras, A Wahhaj, Z AF Lee, Jeong-Eun Di Francesco, James Lai, Shih-Ping Bourke, Tyler L. Evans, Neal J., II Spiesman, Bill Myers, Philip C. Allen, Lori E. Brooke, Timothy Y. Porras, Alicia Wahhaj, Zahed TI The Spitzer c2d survey of nearby dense cores. III. Low-mass star formation in a small group, L1251B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; ISM : individual (L1251B); stars : formation ID ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; LINE-PROFILES; CLOUD CORES; COLLAPSE; FRAGMENTATION; PROTOSTARS; CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; EMISSION AB We present a comprehensive study of a low-mass star-forming region, L1251B, at wavelengths from the near-infrared to the millimeter. L1251B, in which only one protostar, IRAS 22376+7455, was known previously, is confirmed to be a small group of protostars on the basis of observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The most luminous source of L1251B is located 500 north of the IRAS position. A near-infrared bipolar nebula, which is not associated with the brightest object and is located at the southeast corner of L1251B, has been detected in the IRACbands. OVRO and SMA interferometric observations indicate that the brightest source and the bipolar nebula source in the IRACbands are deeply embedded disk sources. Submillimeter continuum observations with single-dish telescopes and the SMA interferometric observations suggest two possible prestellar objects with very high column densities. Outside of the small group, many young stellar object candidates have been detected over a larger region of 12' x 12'. Extended emission to the east of L1251B has been detected at 850 mu m; this "east core'' may be a site for future star formation since no point source has been detected with IRAC or MIPS. This region is therefore a possible example of low-mass cluster formation, where a small group of pre- and protostellar objects (L1251B) is currently forming, alongside a large starless core ( the east core). C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tokyo 106, Japan. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Lee, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, PAB 430 Portola Pl,Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jelee@astro.ucla.edu; james.difrancesco@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; slai@astro.umd.edu; tbourke@cfa.harvard.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; spies@astro.as.utexas.edu; pmyers@cfa.harvard.edu; leallen@cfa.harvard.edu; tbourke@cfa.harvard.edu; aporras@cfa.harvard.edu; zwahhaj@physics.nau.edu RI Lee , Jeong-Eun/E-2387-2013 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 1 BP 491 EP 503 DI 10.1086/505903 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080EH UT WOS:000240230200041 ER PT J AU Croll, B Walker, GAH Kuschnig, R Matthews, JM Rowe, JF Walker, A Rucinski, SM Hatzes, AP Cochran, WD Robb, RM Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF Croll, Bryce Walker, Gordon A. H. Kuschnig, Rainer Matthews, Jaymie M. Rowe, Jason F. Walker, Andrew Rucinski, Slavek M. Hatzes, Artie P. Cochran, William D. Robb, Russell M. Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Sasselov, Dimitar Weiss, Werner W. TI Differential rotation of epsilon Eridani detected by MOST SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : activity; stars : individual (epsilon Eri); stars : late-type; stars : rotation; stars : spots ID STELLAR MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EMISSION-LINE FLUXES; TIME VARIATIONS; PHOTOMETRY; STARS; PERIOD; SYSTEM; SPACE; MODEL AB The Microvariability and Oscillations of STars ( MOST) photometric satellite observed three rotations of epsilon Eri continuously in late 2005. We detected two spots (Delta m similar to 0.01) at different latitudes ( 20.degrees 0, 31.degrees 5) revolving with different periods ( 11.35 days, 11.55 days), from which we derive a differential rotation coefficient, k = 0.11(-.02)(+.03) in agreement with the prediction by Brown and coworkers for a young Sun- like star having roughly twice the solar angular velocity. The light curve was analyzed with the program StarSpotz, a modification of SPOTMODEL by Ribarik and coworkers. The best- fitting value for the inclination angle i = 30 degrees +/- 3 degrees is compatible with inclinations already estimated for the disk (similar to 25 degrees) and planetary orbit (26.degrees 2). The inclination also leads to an equatorial rotation speed of 3.42 km s(-1) and the photometric value of vsin i = 1.7 km s(-1). When compared with spectroscopically determined values, the photometric v sin i allows, in principle, an independent estimate of the macroturbulent velocity. Both spots would have distorted the radial velocity curve similar to +/- 10 m s(-1) by the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, which is similar to the stellar radial velocity "noise'' detected by others. Details of the StarSpotz model and of the uniqueness tests that we applied in order to arrive at a best solution and realistic estimates of errors in the derived parameters are given. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Sumus Technol Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Croll, B (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM croll@interchange.ubc.ca; gordonwa@uvic.ca; kuschnig@phas.ubc.ca; matthews@phas.ubc.ca; rowe@phas.ubc.ca; arwalker@sumusltd.com; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; artie@tls-tautenburg.de; wdc@astro.as.utexas.edu; robb@uvic.ca; guenther@ap.stmarys.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; weiss@astro.univie.ac.at NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 1 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1086/505792 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080EH UT WOS:000240230200052 ER PT J AU Bogdanov, S Grindlay, JE Rybicki, GB AF Bogdanov, Slavko Grindlay, Jonathan E. Rybicki, George B. TI X-rays from radio millisecond pulsars: Comptonized thermal radiation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR J0437-4715); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER-47 TUCANAE; J0437-4715; EMISSION; PSR-B1821-24; ATMOSPHERES; CHANDRA; BRIGHT; VLT AB X-ray emission from many rotation-powered millisecond pulsars (MSPs) is observed to be of predominantly thermal nature. In PSR J0437 - 4715, the nearest MSP known, an additional faint power-law tail is observed above 2.5 keV, commonly attributed to nonthermal magnetospheric radiation. We propose that the hard emission in this and other similar MSPs is instead due to weak Comptonization of the thermal (blackbody or hydrogen atmosphere) polar cap emission by energetic electrons/positrons of small optical depth presumably in the pulsar magnetosphere and wind. This spectral model implies that all soft X-rays are of purely thermal origin, which has profound implications in the study of neutron star structure and fundamental pulsar physics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bogdanov, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbogdanov@cfa.harvard.edu; josh@cfa.harvard.edu; grybicki@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 648 IS 1 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/507827 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 080EI UT WOS:000240230300014 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L AF Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars TI Fueling low-level AGN activity through stochastic accretion of cold gas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BLACK-HOLE MASS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NARROW-LINE REGION; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; X-RAY-EMISSION; NEAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES; LARGE-SCALE OUTFLOWS; ON SEYFERT-GALAXIES; RADIATIVE-EFFICIENCY ACCRETION AB Using a simple description of feedback from black hole growth, we develop an analytic model for the fueling of Seyferts (low-luminosity active galactic nuclei [AGNs]) and their relation to their host galaxies, Eddington ratio distributions, and cosmological evolution. We derive a solution for the time evolution of accretion rates in a feedback-driven blast wave, applicable to large-scale outflows from bright quasars in galaxy mergers, low-luminosity AGNs, and black holes or neutron stars in supernova remnants. Under the assumption that cold gas stochastically accretes onto a central supermassive black hole at a rate set by the dynamics of that gas, our solution determines the evolution of Seyfert light curves. Using this model, we predict the Seyfert luminosity function, duty cycles and AGN "life-times,'' and the distribution of host morphologies, Eddington ratios, and obscuration as a function of AGN luminosity and black hole mass, and we find agreement with observations at z = 0. We consider the breakdown of the contribution from this mechanism and from stellar wind and virialized hot gas accretion and merger-driven activity. We also make specific predictions for the weak evolution of the Seyfert luminosity function; i.e., luminosity function of quiescent as opposed to merger-driven activity, as a function of redshift, and for changes in both the slope and scatter of the M-BH-sigma relation at low M-BH. Our modeling provides a quantitative and physical distinction between local, low-luminosity quiescent AGN activity and violent, merger-driven bright quasars. In our picture, the quiescent mode of fueling dominates over a wide range of luminosities (-15 greater than or similar to M-B greater than or similar to-22) at z = 0, where most black hole growth occurs in objects with M-BH less than or similar to 10(7) M-circle dot , in SO and Sa/b galaxies. However, quasar activity from gas-rich mergers evolves more rapidly with redshift, and by z = 1, quiescent fueling is important only at luminosities an order of magnitude or more below the "break'' in the luminosity function. Consequently, although non-merger-driven fueling is important for black hole growth and the M-BH-sigma relation at low M-BH, it does not significantly contribute to the black hole mass density of the universe or to cosmological backgrounds. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 315 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 166 IS 1 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.1086/505753 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082RD UT WOS:000240404000001 ER PT J AU Zezas, A Fabbiano, G Baldi, A Schweizer, F King, AR Ponman, TJ Rots, AH AF Zezas, A. Fabbiano, G. Baldi, A. Schweizer, F. King, A. R. Ponman, T. J. Rots, A. H. TI Chandra monitoring observations of the antennae galaxies. I. Catalog of source properties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual ( NGC 4038/39); galaxies : interactions; galaxies : peculiar; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY SOURCES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; BLACK-HOLE; NGC-4038/4039 AB We present the properties of the discrete X-ray sources detected in our monitoring survey of the Antennae galaxies with Chandra ACIS-S. We detect similar to 70 sources down to a typical luminosity of 7 x 10(37) ergs s(-1) in each of the six monitoring observations. In the co-added observation (which has a total exposure of 411 ks) we detect a total of 120 sources down to a luminosity of (2-5) x 10(37) ergs s(-1), depending on the local background. Fifteen sources have a strong extended component. Fourteen of the pointlike sources have luminosities above 10(39) ergs s(-1), at least in one exposure, which qualifies them as ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Ten of the ULXs show long- term variability, while one is observed only once, suggesting that it is a transient source. We find that 25 sources exhibit long-term variability clearly associating them with accreting compact objects. Twenty-one sources also show spectral variability. However, their variability patterns are diverse, indicating that they belong to different source classes. Finally, we find a weak excess of hard sources at the low luminosities that we tentatively associate with pulsar X-ray binaries. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Leicester, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Zezas, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 166 IS 1 BP 211 EP 248 DI 10.1086/501526 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082RD UT WOS:000240404000008 ER PT J AU Bernal, XE Rand, AS Ryan, MJ AF Bernal, Ximena E. Rand, A. Stanley Ryan, Michael J. TI Acoustic preferences and localization performance of blood-sucking flies (Corethrella Coquillett) to tungara frog calls SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic communication; communication network; host-parasite interaction; sound localization ID PARASITOID FLIES; FIELD CRICKETS; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; TELEOGRYLLUS-OCEANICUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; COLOR PATTERNS; PREDATION RISK; BUSH-CRICKETS; BAT PREDATION AB Mating signals that increase attractiveness of males to females can also increase conspicuousness of the signaler to predators and parasites. We investigated the acoustic preference of species of blood-sucking flies of the genus Corethrella (Diptera: Corethrellidae), which eavesdrop on the sexual advertisement signals of tungara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus). Male frogs of this species facultatively produce 2 types of mating calls: simple (whines alone) and complex (whines and chucks). We tested the acoustic preference of the flies and their ability to locate their host when the frogs produce simple or complex calls. The flies exhibited phonotaxis to both types of calls but were preferentially attracted to complex calls. We show that acoustic information alone is sufficient for the flies' accurate localization of calling frogs. Complex calls, however, were not approached at closer distance or with decreased landing error (i.e., proportion of landings outside the target) than simple calls, suggesting that call structure does not influence localization performance. Female tungara frogs and frog-eating bats (Trachops cirrhosus) also prefer complex to simple tungara frog calls. Thus, intended and unintended receivers with different ear morphologies exhibit the same preference for a specific tungara frog call type. This result is discussed in the context of the evolution of call attractiveness in a communication network. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Bernal, XE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM xbernal@mail.utexas.edu NR 62 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 709 EP 715 DI 10.1093/beheco/arl003 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 075QE UT WOS:000239899500003 ER PT J AU Aliaga-Rossel, E Moreno, RS Kays, RW Giacalone, J AF Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo Moreno, Ricardo S. Kays, Roland W. Giacalone, Jacalyn TI Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) Predation on Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE agouti; Dasyprocta punctata; Leopardus pardalis; Neotropics; ocelot; Panama; predation AB We collected details on the predation of four agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata) by ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). All kills were made outside of the typical agouti activity period (< 0500 h). Agoutis were captured from behind and killed with a bite through the back of the skull. The kill sites for two female agoutis were significantly closer to their den sites than expected, while kill sites for two males were not. All carcasses were completely covered by leaves during the day and were fed on during night hours. Predation by ocelots can be a significant cause of mortality for agoutis at Barro Colorado Island (BCI). C1 Colecc Boliviana Fauna Inst Ecol, La Paz, Bolivia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. Montclair State Univ, Coll Sci & Math, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RP Aliaga-Rossel, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM enzo@hawaii.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00192.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071WP UT WOS:000239634900016 ER PT J AU Hayek, LAC Buzas, MA AF Hayek, Lee-Ann C. Buzas, Martin A. TI The martyrdom of St. Lucie: Decimation of a meiofauna SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; INDIAN-RIVER; DIVERSITY; POLLUTION; RESPONSES; FLORIDA; FJORD; TEXAS; BAY AB St. Lucie, the southernmost inlet of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, is affected by a variety of stresses including dumping from Lake Okeechobee, the second-largest freshwater lake in the U.S., through a system of canals. Foraminifera, a major component of the meiofauna, are utilized as a source of nutrition by a large assortment of deposit feeders in this area. just as pollutants, spills, and organic enrichment are obvious sublethal effects of estuarine health, so too is the disappearance of organisms constituting essential links in the food web. Because the meiofauna is at the base of the food web, the consequences of major declines and local extinctions clearly are indicators of serious damage to the health of the entire ecosystem. To establish a baseline, foraminiferal density, species richness, evenness, and community structure were examined in 1975/1976. Thirty years later in 2005, the same area was re-sampled. In 1975/1976 the mean density was 280 per 20 ml of sediment. In 2005, we observed a mean of 46 per 20 ml, a decline of 83%. In 1975/1976, we observed 62 species while in 2005 we observed 13, a decline of 79%. The most abundant species constituted 42% of the fauna in 1975/1976; by 2005 it had risen to 76%, a dramatic increase in dominance. Based upon our newly-developed three-stage evaluation system of ecosystem decline over time, we find that the St. Lucie area is nearing, if not at, the beginning of Stage 3 (local extinction). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hayek, LAC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM hayekl@si.edu NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 341 EP 352 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 097JM UT WOS:000241443500007 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DR Gilbert, GS AF Reynolds, Don R. Gilbert, Gregory S. TI Epifoliar fungi from Panama SO CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE epifoliar fungi; Panama ID AMAZONIAN FOLIICOLOUS FUNGI AB Epifoliar ascomycete taxa are annotated from leaf surfaces collections in the lowland tropical rain forest at the Smithsonian San Lorenzo canopy crane research site on the Caribbean slope of the Republic of Panama. This paper provides comparative taxonomic descriptions of 23 species of epifoliar fungi in 17 genera and 8 families as a companion to a study conducted at Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia. C1 Los Angeles Cty Museum Nat Hist, LAC, Res & Collect, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Reynolds, DR (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Museum Nat Hist, LAC, Res & Collect, Exposit Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM dreynold@nhm.org NR 91 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0181-1584 J9 CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL JI Cryptogam. Mycol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 249 EP 270 PG 22 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 096UT UT WOS:000241403000005 ER PT J AU LaFrankie, JV Ashton, PS Chuyong, GB Co, L Condit, R Davies, SJ Foster, R Hubbell, SP Kenfack, D Lagunzad, D Losos, EC Nor, NSM Tan, S Thomas, DW Valencia, R Villa, G AF LaFrankie, James V. Ashton, Peter S. Chuyong, George B. Co, Leonardo Condit, Richard Davies, Stuart J. Foster, Robin Hubbell, Stephen P. Kenfack, David Lagunzad, Daniel Losos, Elizabeth C. Nor, Noor Supardi Md. Tan, Sylvester Thomas, Duncan W. Valencia, Renato Villa, Gorky TI Contrasting structure and composition of the understory in species-rich tropical rain forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cameroon; Ecuador; Malaysia; regeneration; tropical forest; understory ID ORIENTAL INDOMALAYAN REGION; SEED DISPERSAL; LIFE-HISTORY; DIVERSITY; TREES; EVOLUTION; PHENOLOGY; MALAYSIA; ECOLOGY; CANOPY AB In large samples of trees >= 1 cm dbh ( more than 1 million trees and 3000 species), in six lowland tropical forests on three continents, we assigned species with > 30 individuals to one of six classes of stature at maturity (SAM). We then compared the proportional representation of understory trees ( 1 - 2 cm dbh) among these classes. The understory of the three Asian sites was predominantly composed of the saplings of large-canopy trees whereas the African and American sites were more richly stocked with trees of the smaller SAM classes. Differences in class representation were related to taxonomic families that were present exclusively in one continent or another. Families found in the Asian plots but not in the American plot ( e. g., Dipterocarpaceae, Fagaceae) were predominantly species of the largest SAM classes, whereas families exclusive to the American plots ( e. g., Melastomataceae sensu stricto, Piperaceae, and Malvaceae [ Bombacacoidea]) were predominantly species of small classes. The African plot was similar to Asia in the absence of those American families rich in understory species, while similar to America in lacking the Asian families rich in canopy species. The numerous understory species of Africa were chiefly derived from families shared with Asia and/or America. The ratio of saplings ( 1 - 2 cm dbh) to conspecific canopy trees (. 40 cm dbh) was lower in American plots than in the Asian plots. Possible explanations for these differences include phenology, moisture and soil fertility regimes, phyletic constraints, and the role of early successional plants in forest development. These results demonstrate that tropical forests that appear similar in tree number, basal area, and the family taxonomy of canopy trees nonetheless differ in ecological structure in ways that may impact the ecology of pollinators, dispersers, and herbivores and might reflect fundamental differences in canopy tree regeneration. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Singapore 637616, Singapore. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Buea, Dept Life Sci, Buea, Cameroon. Conservat Int, Quezon City, Philippines. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Missouri Bot Garden, Dept 43, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Philippines, Inst Biol, Manila, Philippines. Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong 52019, Malaysia. Sarawak Forest Corp, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Dept Biol Sci, Quito, Ecuador. RP LaFrankie, JV (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore. EM jlafrankie@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2298 EP 2305 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2298:CSACOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080MW UT WOS:000240253000019 PM 16995630 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI Deep stall: The turbulent story of boeing commercial airlines. SO ENTERPRISE & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1467-2227 J9 ENTERP SOC JI Enterp. Soc PD SEP PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 645 EP 647 DI 10.1093/es/khl019 PG 3 WC Business; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 090GK UT WOS:000240938600036 ER PT J AU Santiago-Blay, JA AF Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. TI Obituary - Niilo Virvjo SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Santiago-Blay, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM blayj@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 117 IS 4 BP 422 EP 422 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[422:ONV]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 116XP UT WOS:000242837400009 ER PT J AU Ewers, RM Laurance, WF AF Ewers, Robert M. Laurance, William F. TI Scale-dependent patterns of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE amazon; deforestation; fractal dimension; landscape; scale; shape index; spatial pattern ID TROPICAL FOREST; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENT; MODEL; SHAPE; BIODIVERSITY; COMPLEXITY; RESOLUTION; SELECTION AB Tropical forests of the Amazon Basin are being rapidly converted to agricultural land uses and fallow land, resulting in accelerating rates of forest loss in one of the world's most biodiverse ecoregions. This process has been extensively described and modelled, but as yet there has been no formal test of how the spatial patterns of deforested and fragmented areas change with the spatial scale of forest clearings. It was hypothesised that different land-use practices are driving small and large clearings, with small-scale cultivators often creating small, irregularly shaped clearings and large-scale ranchers and soy farmers creating larger, more regular-shaped clearings. To quantitatively test this hypothesis, Mandelbrot's theory of fractals was applied to deforested areas in the Brazilian Amazon to test for scale-invariance in deforestation patterns. The spatial pattern of deforestation differed between small and large clearings, with the former creating more complex landscapes and with a threshold occurring at c. 1200 ha in area. As a consequence, the sizes and shapes of forest clearings, and hence the relative vulnerability of the remaining forest to edge, area and isolation effects, may differ systematically between landscapes with different deforestation drivers. Further tests of this hypothesis are needed to assess its efficacy in other tropical landscapes and geographical locations. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Ewers, RM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0483-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM robert.ewers@ioz.ac.uk RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Wrbka, Thomas/A-5699-2010 OI Wrbka, Thomas/0000-0002-1451-9108 NR 53 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1017/S0376892906003250 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104MN UT WOS:000241962600005 ER PT J AU Makino, S Goto, H Inoue, T Sueyoshi, M Okabe, K Hasegawa, M Hamaguchi, K Tanaka, H Okochi, I AF Makino, S. Goto, H. Inoue, T. Sueyoshi, M. Okabe, K. Hasegawa, M. Hamaguchi, K. Tanaka, H. Okochi, I. TI The monitoring of insects to maintain biodiversity in ogawa fores reserve SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE chronosequence; insects; Japan; landscape; mites; secondary deciduous forests; soil organisms; species richness ID BEETLES AB The results of a biodiversity monitoring program conducted in the Ogawa Forest Reserve and its vicinity, situated in a cool temperate region of Japan, identified three different patterns for species richness. Forests of the region are characterized by a mosaic of secondary deciduous stands of various ages scattered among plantations of conifers. The three different types of change in species richness observed in response to the stand age are as follows: Type I ( butterflies, tube-renting bees and wasps, hoverflies, fruit flies, and longicorn beetles), the species diversity was highest in open areas, just after clear-cutting, decreasing with the stand age; Type II (mushrooms and mites associated with them), older stands showed greater diversity than younger stands; and, Type III ( moths, oribatid mites, collembolas, carabid beetles, and ants), the number of species did not change greatly with the stand age, though ordination analysis revealed that there was variation in species compositions. These results indicate that combinations of stands of different ages, or heterogeneously arranged stands, can contribute to the maintenance of insect biodiversity at the landscape level. C1 Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Entomol Sect, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kiso Expt Stn, Nagano 3970001, Japan. RP Makino, S (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. EM makino@ffpri.affrc.go.jp NR 19 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 477 EP 485 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9074-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075MZ UT WOS:000239890400026 PM 16758290 ER PT J AU Trueman, CN Behrensmeyer, AK Potts, R Tuross, N AF Trueman, C. N. Behrensmeyer, A. K. Potts, R. Tuross, N. TI High-resolution records of location and stratigraphic provenance from the rare earth element composition of fossil bones SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-ADSORPTION MODEL; VERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; BIOGENIC APATITES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; COMPLEXATION BEHAVIOR; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES; GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES; GOBI DESERT; SEAWATER; FRACTIONATION AB Bone apatite acts as a natural, timed sampling device, scavenging trace elements from local pore waters over timescales of ca. 1-50 ka. The rare earth element (REE) and U/Th composition of fossil bones reflects associated pore water compositions during the period of recrystallisation. The REE composition of fossil bones is controlled by partitioning of REE between pore waters and particle surfaces, and the REE composition of fossil bones reflects the REE composition of pore waters which vary spatially and temporally. Light REE are preferentially sorped onto particle surfaces, thus the high La/Yb values seen in many bones from coastal marine and aeolian environments are best explained by release of REE from light REE-enriched particles to local pore waters and subsequent immobilisation in recrystallising bones. The REE compositions of bones recovered from peclogenically altered diatomite sediments of the Olorgesailie Formation of southern Kenya vary over spatial scales of less than 10 m. Location accounts for 48% of the observed variation in bone chemistry and bones recovered from eight discrete excavations within the same time-equivalent stratigraphic layer can be assigned to their excavation location with > 70% accuracy based on a discriminant analysis of REE, U, and Th composition. Despite this within-layer variation, bones recovered from different stratigraphic horizons within the Olorgesailie Formation can also be distinguished on the basis of their trace element composition. Bones recovered from four stratigraphic horizons spanning ca. 0.5 million years were assigned to their correct stratigraphic layer with > 90% accuracy. Where sedimentological conditions are favourable, the trace element composition of fossil bone may be used to test stratigraphic provenance and burial location in excavated bone with a temporal resolution of < 10 ka and a spatial resolution of < 10 m. The trace element composition of fossil bone may also be used to investigate the accumulation history of vertebrate assemblages and to reconstruct pore water variability across land surfaces. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Trueman, CN (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM trueman@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Trueman, Clive/E-6925-2011 NR 75 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 17 BP 4343 EP 4355 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1556 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 085KA UT WOS:000240601800003 ER PT J AU Viola, HJ AF Viola, Herman J. TI Where Custer fell: Photographs of the Little Bighorn battlefield then and now. SO GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Viola, HJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENT GREAT PLAINS STUD PI LINCOLN PA UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN 1214 OLDFATHER HALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0313 USA SN 0275-7664 J9 GREAT PLAINS QUART JI Gt. Plains Q. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 118GI UT WOS:000242930000018 ER PT J AU Swalla, BJ AF Swalla, B. J. TI Building divergent body plans with similar genetic pathways SO HEREDITY LA English DT Review DE chordate evolution; body plans; coloniality; tunicates; hemichordates; evolution and development ID SEA-URCHIN EMBRYO; HEMICHORDATE PTYCHODERA-FLAVA; HOX GENES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CIONA-INTESTINALIS; EXPRESSION PATTERN; BASAL DEUTEROSTOMES; COLONIAL ASCIDIANS; CHORDATE EVOLUTION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM AB Deuterostome animals exhibit widely divergent body plans. Echinoderms have either radial or bilateral symmetry, hemichordates include bilateral enteropneust worms and colonial pterobranchs, and chordates possess a defined dorsal - ventral axis imposed on their anterior - posterior axis. Tunicates are chordates only as larvae, following metamorphosis the adults acquire a body plan unique for the deuterostomes. This paper examines larval and adult body plans in the deuterostomes and discusses two distinct ways of evolving divergent body plans. First, echinoderms and hemichordates have similar feeding larvae, but build a new adult body within or around their larvae. In hemichordates and many direct-developing echinoderms, the adult is built onto the larva, with the larval axes becoming the adult axes and the larval mouth becoming the adult mouth. In contrast, indirect-developing echinoderms undergo radical metamorphosis where adult axes are not the same as larval axes. A second way of evolving a divergent body plan is to become colonial, as seen in hemichordates and tunicates. Early embryonic development and gastrulation are similar in all deuterostomes, but, in chordates, the anterior - posterior axis is established at right angles to the animal - vegetal axis, in contrast to hemichordates and indirect-developing echinoderms. Hox gene sequences and anterior - posterior expression patterns illuminate deuterostome phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of unique adult body plans within monophyletic groups. Many genes that are considered vertebrate 'mesodermal' genes, such as nodal and brachyury T, are likely to ancestrally have been involved in the formation of the mouth and anus, and later were evolutionarily co-opted into mesoderm during vertebrate development. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Dev Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Swalla, BJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Dev Biol, Box 351800,24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bjswalla@u.washington.edu NR 66 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 2006 VL 97 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800872 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 077GC UT WOS:000240015900011 PM 16868565 ER PT J AU de Santana, CD Lehmann A, P AF de Santana, Carlos David Lehmann A, Pablo TI Apteronotus camposdapazi, a new species of black ghost electric knifefish, from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil (Gymnotiformes : Apteronotidae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF FRESHWATERS LA English DT Article AB Apteronotus camposdapazi, new species, from the Rio Tocantins basin, Goias state, Brazil, is diagnosed by the presence of a white or yellow band on the chin, the dorsal surface of the head and mid-dorsum extending to the beginning of the origin of the mid-sagittal electroreceptive filament; two lights bands on the caudal peduncle throughout ontogeny; and a light brown band on the mid-lateral portion of the body. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, MCT, Lab Ictiol, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. MHNUC, Popayan, Colombia. RP de Santana, CD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, WG-15,MCR 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM apteronotidae@ig.com.br; plehmann@pucrs.br RI Lehmann A., Pablo /I-5602-2012 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU VERLAG DR FRIEDRICH PFEIL PI MUNICH PA WOLFRATSHAUSER STRASSE 27, MUNICH, D-81379, GERMANY SN 0936-9902 J9 ICHTHYOL EXPLOR FRES JI Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 107TS UT WOS:000242194500008 ER PT J AU de Santana, CD Castillo, O Taphorn, D AF de Santana, Carlos David Castillo, Otto Taphorn, Donald TI Apteronotus magoi, a new species of ghost knifefish from the Rio Orinoco basin, Venezuela (Gymnotiformes : Apteronotidae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF FRESHWATERS LA English DT Article ID COLOMBIA AB Apteronotus magoi, new species, is described from Cano Bravo, Rio Apure drainage, Rio Orinoco basin, Barinas state, Venezuela. It is diagnosed from all species in Apteronotus by the unique combination of a dark brown to black body with a prominent, broad cream-colored or yellow band on the chin and the dorsal surface of the head; a narrow cream-colored band on the mid-dorsal region of body; and a caudal peduncle with a white background mottled with black or dark brown spots. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Nacl Expt Los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Z, Museo Ciencias Nat Guanare, Portuguesa 3323, Venezuela. RP de Santana, CD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, WG-15,MCR 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM apteronotidae@ig.com.br NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU VERLAG DR FRIEDRICH PFEIL PI MUNICH PA WOLFRATSHAUSER STRASSE 27, MUNICH, D-81379, GERMANY SN 0936-9902 J9 ICHTHYOL EXPLOR FRES JI Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 107TS UT WOS:000242194500010 ER PT J AU Schmidt, V Kalko, E Wellinghausen, N AF Schmidt, V. Kalko, E. Wellinghausen, N. TI Trypanosome infection in Panamanian fruit bats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Conference of the German-Society-of-Hygiene-and-Microbiology CY OCT, 2006 CL Wurzburg, GERMANY SP German Soc Hyg & Microbiol C1 Univ Ulm, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ulm, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4221 J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 296 SU 42 BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 097JE UT WOS:000241442600071 ER PT J AU Stine, JK AF Stine, Jeffrey K. TI Shock cities: The environmental transformation and reform of Manchester and Chicago SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 Nalt Museum Art Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stine, JK (reprint author), Nalt Museum Art Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Med & Sci, 8th & G Sts NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 2006 VL 97 IS 3 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1086/509991 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 095LE UT WOS:000241308400047 ER PT J AU Deutsch, J AF Deutsch, James TI 'One more train to ride': The underground world of modern American hoboes. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Deutsch, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FOLKLORE SOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DR, STE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0021-8715 J9 J AM FOLKLORE JI J. Am. Folk. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 119 IS 474 BP 489 EP 490 DI 10.1353/jaf.2006.0040 PG 2 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 106QK UT WOS:000242115600004 ER PT J AU Collins, MJ AF Collins, Martin J. TI First man: The life of Neil A. Armstrong. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC USA. RP Collins, MJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 609 EP 610 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 087YY UT WOS:000240779900150 ER PT J AU Wells, K Pfeiffer, M Lakim, MB Kalko, EKV AF Wells, Konstans Pfeiffer, Martin Lakim, Maklarin B. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Movement trajectories and habitat partitioning of small mammals in logged and unlogged rain forests on Borneo SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community structure; forest degradation; small mammal stratification; vertical habitat segregation ID LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST; PROECHIMYS-SEMISPINOSUS; DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TREE DIVERSITY; SPATIAL SCALES; MALAYSIA; PATTERNS; MICROHABITAT AB 1. Non-volant animals in tropical rain forests differ in their ability to exploit the habitat above the forest floor and also in their response to habitat variability. It is predicted that specific movement trajectories are determined both by intrinsic factors such as ecological specialization, morphology and body size and by structural features of the surrounding habitat such as undergrowth and availability of supportive structures. 2. We applied spool-and-line tracking in order to describe movement trajectories and habitat segregation of eight species of small mammals from an assemblage of Muridae, Tupaiidae and Sciuridae in the rain forest of Borneo where we followed a total of 13 525 m path. We also analysed specific changes in the movement patterns of the small mammals in relation to habitat stratification between logged and unlogged forests. Variables related to climbing activity of the tracked species as well as the supportive structures of the vegetation and undergrowth density were measured along their tracks. 3. Movement patterns of the small mammals differed significantly between species. Most similarities were found in congeneric species that converged strongly in body size and morphology. All species were affected in their movement patterns by the altered forest structure in logged forests with most differences found in Leopoldamys sabanus. However, the large proportions of short step lengths found in all species for both forest types and similar path tortuosity suggest that the main movement strategies of the small mammals were not influenced by logging but comprised generally a response to the heterogeneous habitat as opposed to random movement strategies predicted for homogeneous environments. 4. Overall shifts in microhabitat use showed no coherent trend among species. Multivariate (principal component) analysis revealed contrasting trends for convergent species, in particular for Maxomys rajah and M. surifer as well as for Tupaia longipes and T. tana, suggesting that each species was uniquely affected in its movement trajectories by a multiple set of environmental and intrinsic features. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Wells, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM konstans.wells@uni-ulm.de RI Wells, Konstans/A-7232-2010; Pfeiffer, Martin/A-6989-2012 OI Wells, Konstans/0000-0003-0377-2463; NR 59 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1223 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01144.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 070IY UT WOS:000239516500019 PM 16922857 ER PT J AU Krupnik, I AF Krupnik, Igor TI Alliance and conflict: The world system of the Inupiaq eskimos. SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 407 EP 409 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 090QD UT WOS:000240965000023 ER PT J AU Erickson, AA Paul, VJ Van Alstyne, KL Kwiatkowski, LM AF Erickson, Amy A. Paul, Valerie J. Van Alstyne, Kathryn L. Kwiatkowski, Lisa M. TI Palatability of macroalgae that use different types of chemical defenses SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical defense; herbivory; Caulerpa; caulerpenyne; Cladophora; Ulva; DMS; DMSP; acrylic acid; Echinometra lucunter; algal blooms ID ALGA CAULERPA-TAXIFOLIA; WOUND-ACTIVATED TRANSFORMATION; FEEDING PREFERENCE EXPERIMENTS; TROPICAL GREEN-ALGAE; SECONDARY METABOLITES; SEA-URCHIN; PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS; LYTECHINUS-VARIEGATUS; HERBIVORES; COMMUNITIES AB This study compared algal palatability and chemical defenses from subtropical green algae that may use different types of defense systems that deter feeding by the rock-boring sea urchin Echinometra lucunter. The potential defense systems present include (1) the terpenoid caulerpenyne and its activated products from Caulerpa spp., and (2) dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)-related defenses in Ulva spp. Secondary metabolites from these chemical groups have been shown to deter feeding by various marine herbivores, including tropical and temperate sea urchins. Live algal multiple-choice feeding assays and assays incorporating algal extracts or isolated metabolites into an artificial diet were conducted. Several green algae, including Ulva lactuca, Caulerpa prolifera, and Cladophora sp., were unpalatable. Nonpolar extracts from U. lactuca deterred feeding, whereas nonpolar extracts from C. prolifera had no effect on feeding. Polar extracts from both species stimulated feeding. Caulerpenyne deterred feeding at approximately 4% dry mass; however, dimethyl sulfide and acrylic acid had no effect at natural and elevated concentrations. E. lucunter is more tolerant than other sea urchins to DMSP-related defenses and less tolerant to caulerpenyne than many reef fish. Understanding the chemical defenses of the algae tested in this study is important because they, and related species, frequently are invasive or form blooms, and can significantly modify marine ecosystems. C1 Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. RP Erickson, AA (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM erickson@sms.si.edu RI Van Alstyne, Kathryn/B-1011-2009 OI Van Alstyne, Kathryn/0000-0002-7023-5521 NR 48 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1883 EP 1895 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9116-x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 076LQ UT WOS:000239960200002 PM 16906362 ER PT J AU Niven, JE AF Niven, J. E. TI Due south? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT News Item C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Niven, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, 900 Jefferson Dr SW,Arts & Ind Bldg,Suite 2207, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM nivenj@si.edu RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 209 IS 17 BP VI EP VI DI 10.1242/jeb.02467 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 074TZ UT WOS:000239836000008 ER PT J AU Head, JJ Aguilera, OA Sanchez-Villagra, MR AF Head, Jason J. Aguilera, Orangel A. Sanchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. TI Past colonization of South America by trionychid turtles: Fossil evidence from the neogene of Margarita Island, Venezuela SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICA AB An incomplete left hypoplastron of a trionychid turtle from the late Miocene-Early Pliocene Cubagua Formation of Margarita Island, Venezuela, represents the youngest occurrence of trionychids in South America. Large size and depositional environment of the Margarita Island specimen indicate marginal marine habits. The Neogene Venezuelan record is more extensive than previously considered and may represent an interval of successful colonization of the northern margin of South America by trionychids, as opposed to previous hypotheses of failed waif immigration. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Nacl Expt Francisco de Miranda, Ctr Invest Ciencias Basicas, Coro 4101, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Head, JJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM headj@si.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[378:PCOSAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 084JN UT WOS:000240529300013 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Hearty, PJ Pregill, GK AF Olson, Storrs L. Hearty, Paul J. Pregill, Grecory K. TI Geological constraints on evolution and survival in endemic reptiles on Bermuda SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIANT TORTOISE POPULATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; STRATIGRAPHY; AMINOSTRATIGRAPHY; RALLIDAE; BAHAMAS; SIZE; RISE; AVES AB Paleontological and geological evidence suggest that the distinctive endemic skink Eumeces longirostris could potentially be as old as continuously emergent land on the Bermuda seamount (approximately > 1-2 million yr). The species has experienced sustained evolutionary stasis for at least the past 400,000 yr, during which time there has been no perceptible change in skeletal morphology. The tortoise Hesperotestudo bermudae is known from a single fossil from interglacial period marine isotope stage (MIS) 9-approximately 300,000 yr ago. A viable population of tortoise on Bermuda could be reconciled with the geological record and the lack of any other fossils of the species to date if tortoises colonized the island at or after the end of the maximal sea-level rise of interglacial MIS 11, evolved during the single glacial episode of MIS 10, and become extinct as a result of the interglacial sea-level rise of MIS 9, a period of about 100,000 yr. Such rapid evolution and extinction has a close parallel in the giant tortoises of Aldabra Island in the Indian Ocean. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[394:GCOEAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 084JN UT WOS:000240529300017 ER PT J AU Molina, AC Cordani, UG MacDonald, WD AF Molina, Agustin Cardona Cordani, Umberto G. MacDonald, William D. TI Tectonic correlations of pre-Mesozoic crust from the northern termination of the Colombian Andes, Caribbean region SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Simposio Bolivariano of Petroleum Exploration in the Subandean Basins CY 2003 CL Cartagena, SPAIN DE geochronology; geochemistry; metamorphism; correlations; Caribbean; Rodinia; Pangea ID SOUTHERN MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; METAMORPHIC EVOLUTION; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; ACATLAN COMPLEX; GRANITIC-ROCKS; HORNBLENDE; AMERICA; BELT AB Reconnaissance zircon U/Pb SHRIMP, Ar-Ar, and Sm-Nd geochronology, petrological, and geochemical data were obtained from selected localities of two pre-Mesozoic metamorphic belts from the northern termination of the Colombian Andes in the Caribbean region. The older Proterozoic belt, with protoliths formed in a rift- or backarc-related environment, was metamorphosed at 6-8 kb and 760-810 degrees C during Late Mesoproterozoic times. This belt correlates with other high-grade metamorphic domains of the Andean realm that formed a Grenvillian-related collisional belt linked to the formation of Rodinia. The younger belt was formed over a continental arc at < 530-450 Ma in a Gondwanide position and metamorphosed at 5-8 kb and 500-550 degrees C, probably during the Late Paleozoic-Triassic, as part of the terranes that docked with northwestern South America during the formation of Pangea. A Mesozoic Ar-Ar tectonothermal evolution can be related to regional magmatic events, whereas Late Cretaceous-Paleocene structural trends are related to the accretion of the allocthonous Caribbean subduction metamorphic belts. Lithotectonic correlations with other circum-Caribbean and southern North American pre-Jurassic domains show the existence of different terrane dispersal patterns that can be related to Pangea's breakup and Caribbean tectonics. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, Brazil. SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Molina, AC (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM cardonaa@stri.org RI Cordani, Umberto/F-3686-2014 OI Cordani, Umberto/0000-0003-4425-5905 NR 106 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 337 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.009 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 109RV UT WOS:000242327200003 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Villagra, MR Aguilera, OA AF Sanchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. Aguilera, Orangel A. TI Neogene vertebrates from Urumaco, Falcon State, Venezuela: Diversity and significance SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Miocene; crocodile; turtle; fish; Orinoco; Caribbean ID MIOCENE; PHYLLOPHAGA; XENARTHRA; PLIOCENE; PISCES AB The first palaeontological discoveries in Urumaco were made more than half a century ago. Several research groups have worked in the region, but new vertebrate fossils are still being found in this area of northwestern Venezuela. The most conspicuous elements of the fauna are reptiles, because of their size and abundance, although fishes are by far the most diverse group. Among South American Neogene assemblages the whole fauna is most similar to those of Acre in Brazil and Entre Rios in Argentina. The crocodile fauna includes at least 12 species representing diverse ecomorphological types; most of them lived sympatrically, a unique case in worldwide crocodylomorph assemblages. At least four turtle species provide unique palaeobiogeographical or palaeobiological information. Several freshwater species, including Serrasalminae fish, thorny catfishes, silver croaker, redtail catfishes, matamata turtle, river dolphin and probable sirenians, are consistent with the hypothesis that a tributary and/or delta of the Orinoco existed in this area of north-western Venezuela during late Miocene times. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Nacl Expt Francisco Miranda, Ctr Invest Ciencias Basicas, Coro 4101A, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Sanchez-Villagra, MR (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. NR 63 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2019 EI 1478-0941 J9 J SYST PALAEONTOL JI J. Syst. Palaeontol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1017/S1477201906001829 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 077ZQ UT WOS:000240070900002 ER PT J AU Aguilera, OA Riff, D AF Aguilera, Orangel A. Riff, Douglas TI A new giant Purussaurus (Crocodyliformes, Alligatoridae) from the Upper Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urumaco; Miocene; Alligatoridae; Purussaurus AB Fossil Crocodylia are taxonomically diverse in South America, particularly in the upper Miocene Urumaco Formation (Venezuela). Among them is the giant alligatoroid Purussourus, previously known from the upper Miocene Solimoes Formation in Brasil (P. brasiliensis) and the middle Miocene of La Venta in Colombia (P. neivensis). New specimens of Crocodylia from the Urumaco Formation are described and a new species, Purussaurus mirandai, erected. This is characterised by a large, elongate and extremely flat skull, a very large narial opening comprising almost 60% of rostral length and a large incisive foramen that extends anteriorly between the fossae for the first mandibulary teeth. Purussourus mirandai sp. nov. was the largest predator in the swampy environments and represented the top trophic level in the Urumaco assemblage. A phylogenetic analysis of 164 characters in 68 ingroup crocodile taxa supported the association of P. neivensis and P. mirandai with five synapomorphies and confirmed the sister-group relationship of the genus with the Nettosuchidae. C1 Univ Nacl Expt Francisco Miranda, Ctr Invest Ciencias Basicas, Coro 4101, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Dept Ciencias Nat, BR-45083900 Vitoria Da Conquista, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Setor Paleovertebrados, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Museu Nacl, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Acre, Lab Paleontol, BR-69915900 Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. RP Aguilera, OA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Expt Francisco Miranda, Ctr Invest Ciencias Basicas, Complejo Docente Perozos,Carretera Variante Sur, Coro 4101, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. RI Riff, Douglas/B-5183-2012 OI Riff, Douglas/0000-0003-0805-2828 NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2019 J9 J SYST PALAEONTOL JI J. Syst. Palaeontol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1017/S147720190600188X PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 077ZQ UT WOS:000240070900003 ER PT J AU Head, JJ Sanchez-Villagra, MR Aguilera, OA AF Head, Jason J. Sanchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. Aguilera, Orangel A. TI Fossil snakes from the Neogene of Venezuela (Falcon State) SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urumaco; Miocene; Pleistocene; Caribbean; Viperidae; Boidae ID PHYLOGENY AB The first fossil snakes from Venezuela are described from three different Formations: Colombophis cf. C portai and Boinae indet. from the Middle Miocene Socorro Formation, Boinae indet. from the Late Miocene Urumaco Formation and Viperidae indet. from the Pleistocene gravels at Cucuruchu. Although the Socorro and Urumaco Formations Boinae cannot be unambiguously referred to any particular taxa, the Venezuelan record, combined with the fauna from La Venta in Colombia, demonstrate that Boinae had achieved much of its more Northern distributions by the middle-tate Miocene. The occurrence of a viperid in the Pleistocene gravels at Cucuruchu is consistent with a geologically young record of the lineage in South America. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20012 USA. Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, London E1 4NS, England. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Nacl Expt Francisco Miranda, Ctr Invest Ciencias Basicas, Coro 4101, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. RP Head, JJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20012 USA. OI Head, Jason/0000-0002-2237-6901 NR 57 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1477-2019 J9 J SYST PALAEONTOL JI J. Syst. Palaeontol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1017/S1477201906001866 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 077ZQ UT WOS:000240070900004 ER PT J AU Horovitz, I Sanchez-Villagra, MR Martin, T Aguilera, OA AF Horovitz, Ines Sanchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. Martin, Thomas Aguilera, Orangel A. TI The fossil record of Phoberomys pattersoni Mones 1980 (Mammalia, Rodentia) from Urumaco (Late Miocene, Venezuela), with an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caviomorpha; Hystricomorpha; Neoepiblemidae; Dinomys; postcranium; enamel AB An almost complete skeleton of Phoberomys pattersoni is reported from the Urumaco Formation in northwestern Venezuela. Phoberomys attained the largest body size among known rodents and it lived during the Late Miocene and/or Early Pliocene of Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela. Phoberomys pattersoni is probably the second largest species within its genus. The lower molar enamel shows little difference in thickness between the trailing and leading edges in the first and second lophs, whereas in the third loph the trailing edge is much thinner than the leading edge. In the leading edge of the distal loph the enamel consists of two layers, each covering approximately 50% Of the entire enamel thickness, one consisting of thick Hunter-Schreger bands inclined 15-20 degrees towards the occlusal surface, the other formed by radial enamel with the prisms inclined towards the occlusal surface. The postcranial skeleton shows a mosaic of unusual features among caviomorphs (e.g. absence of a supratrochlear foramen) and shared conditions (e.g. tuber calcis of the calcaneum that is wider than deeper dorsoventrally) that evolved in parallel in different lineages. The phylogenetic position of Phoberomys is determined on the basis of a simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data of select rodents. Phoberomys appears as the sister group of the Recent genus Dinomys. Several derived character conditions are shared with Dinomys: presence of a site for attachment for the m. rectus femoris on the lateral side of the innominate in the shape of an elongated crest; trochlear ridges of the femur proximally convergent; medial condyle of the femur wider than the lateral one in posterior view; medial ridge of the astragalar trochlea reaches posteriorly further than the lateral one; proximal portion of the coronoid process extends further anteriorly than the medial (and distal) process (or anconeal process). More than one species of Phoberomys may be present in the Urumaco Formation. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Wissensch, Fachrichtung Palaontol, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Nacl Expt Francisco Miranda, Ctr Invest Ciencias Basicas, Coro 4101, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. RP Horovitz, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Young Dr S,POB 951606, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2019 J9 J SYST PALAEONTOL JI J. Syst. Palaeontol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1017/S1477201906001908 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 077ZQ UT WOS:000240070900010 ER PT J AU Svenning, JC Engelbrecht, BMJ Kinner, DA Kursar, TA Stallard, RF Wright, SJ AF Svenning, Jens-Christian Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Kinner, David A. Kursar, Thomas A. Stallard, Robert F. Wright, S. Joseph TI The relative roles of environment, history and local dispersal in controlling the distributions of common tree and shrub species in a tropical forest landscape, Panama SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; dispersal limitation; drought tolerance; environmental control; soil ID BARRO COLORADO ISLAND; RAIN-FOREST; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; DEPENDENT RECRUITMENT; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SCALE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; VEGETATION AB We used regression models and information-theoretic model selection to assess the relative importance of environment. local dispersal and historical contingency as controls of the distributions of 26 common plant species in tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We censused eighty-eight 0.09-ha plots scattered across the landscape. Environmental control, local dispersal and historical contingency were represented by environmental variables (soil moisture, slope, soil type, distance to shore, old-forest presence), a spatial autoregressive parameter (rho), and four spatial trend variables, respectively. We built regression models, representing all combinations of the three hypotheses. for each species. The probability that the best model included the environmental variables, spatial trend variables and rho averaged 33%. 64%, and 50 % across the study species, respectively. The environmental variables, spatial trend variables. rho. and a simple intercept model received the strongest support for 4, 15, 5 and 2 species, respectively. Comparing the model results to information on species traits showed that species with strong spatial trends produced few and heavy diaspores, while species with strong soil moisture relationships were particularly drought-sensitive. In conclusion, history and local dispersal appeared to be the dominant controls of the distributions of common plant species on BCI. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Svenning, JC (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM svenning@biology.au.dk RI Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 76 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 BP 575 EP 586 DI 10.1017/S0266467406003348 PN 5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 076RK UT WOS:000239975200009 ER PT J AU Lowenstine, LJ Montali, RJ AF Lowenstine, Linda J. Montali, Richard J. TI Historical perspective and future directions in training of veterinary pathologists with an emphasis on zoo and wildlife species SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; OLD-WORLD PRIMATES; MULE DEER; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; CANINE-DISTEMPER; SEA LIONS; TRANSMISSION; MORTALITY; VIRUS AB This article discusses the history of the field of zoo and wildlife pathology, training opportunities for veterinary students and graduate veterinarians, and current and future job opportunities. The niches occupied by veterinarians in this field and their contributions to animal and human health are also highlighted. The field of zoo and wildlife, or "non-traditional" species, pathology has its roots in comparative anatomy, zoology, wildlife biology, and medical pathology in the mid- to late nineteenth century. The initial emphasis was on comparisons between animal and human diseases or on management of game animals. Veterinarians became increasingly involved during the twentieth century, gradually changing the emphasis to improvement of conservation strategies, captive care, and elucidation of diseases of concern for the animals themselves. Currently there are several zoos and wildlife agencies in the United States employing full-time veterinary pathologists. Private and government diagnostic laboratories, veterinary schools, and other academic institutions in the United States with pathology departments are other employers. The field requires post-DVM training by means of a residency program leading to board certification, graduate school (MS or PhD degrees), or both. Veterinary students can gain valuable experience in the field through externships and, at some schools, through elective courses in the curriculum. Current concerns about ecosystem health, bioterrorism, and the recognition that captive and free-ranging wildlife can serve as sentinel species will increase the demand for veterinary pathologists choosing this very rewarding career path specializing in non-traditional species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC USA. RP Lowenstine, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ljlowenstine@ucdavis.edu NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.3138/jvme.33.3.338 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 099KV UT WOS:000241594300006 PM 17035204 ER PT J AU Shukuno, H Tamura, Y Tani, K Chang, Q Suzuki, T Fiske, RS AF Shukuno, H. Tamura, Y. Tani, K. Chang, Q. Suzuki, T. Fiske, R. S. TI Origin of silicic magmas and the compositional gap at Sumisu submarine caldera, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oceanic arc; dacite; rhyolite; caldera; remobilization; partial melting; andesite protolith ID DAISEN VOLCANO; ANDESITE MAGMA; MARIANA ARC; CRUST; PETROGENESIS; DISEQUILIBRIUM; REMOBILIZATION; MONTSERRAT; EVOLUTION; ERUPTIONS AB Sumisu caldera volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan, is dominated by the bimodal assemblage of basalt-basaltic andesite (< 55 wt.% SiO2) and dacite-rhyolite (> 66 wt.% SiO2). Andesites (56-61 Wt-% SiO2) are minor in volume and a compositional gap of similar to 6 wt.% SiO2 exists between the andesites and the dacites. Most andesites contain sieve-textured plagioclase, and some dacites have resorbed plagioclase containing many glass inclusions. Some orthopyroxene phenocrysts in andesites and dacites have overgrowth rims with a high Ca content, a feature consistent with crystallization from a higher-temperature magma than their cores. Dacites, rhyolites and glasses in the matrix and plagioclases possess compositions similar to those of partial melts produced by dehydration-melting of catc-alkaline andesite (Tanzawa tonalite) at low pressure (3 kbar). Phenocryst assemblages of these andesites, dacites and rhyolites resemble restite phase assemblages of the dehydration melting. Prolonged fractionation or partial melting of basalts, in contrast, is untenable based on petrography and fractionation calculations. We suggest that the silicic magmas at Sumisu caldera volcano have been produced by dehydration melting of solidified catc-alkaline andesite (protolith) in the upper to middle crust, which segregated efficiently from restite crystals. In rare situations, reheating and en-mass remobilization permitted the same andesites to erupt as andesites (56-61 wt-% SiO2). Thus, Sumisu has a relatively narrow temperature difference (900-1100 degrees C) associated with a large compositional range (56-74 wt.% SiO2). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JAMSTEC, IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Shukuno, H (reprint author), JAMSTEC, IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM shukuno@jamstec.go.jp OI Tani, Kenichiro/0000-0003-3374-8608 NR 36 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 156 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.018 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 083TF UT WOS:000240480400002 ER PT J AU Zug, GR Chaloupka, M Balazs, GH AF Zug, George R. Chaloupka, Milani Balazs, George H. TI Age and growth in olive ridley seaturtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from the north-central Pacific: a skeletochronological analysis SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE age; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys olivacea; growth; humeral skeletal anatomy; non-parametric smoothing; North Pacific Ocean; Reptilia; seaturtle growth modeling; skeletochronology; Testudines ID LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; SOMATIC GROWTH; KEMPII; VALIDATION; ECOLOGY AB The olive ridley is the most abundant seaturtle species in the world but little is known of the demography of this species. We used skeletochronological data on humerus diameter growth changes to estimate the age of North Pacific olive ridley seaturtles caught incidentally by pelagic longline fisheries operating near Hawaii and from dead turtles washed ashore on the main Hawaiian Islands. Two age estimation methods [ranking, correction factor (CF)] were used and yielded age estimates ranging from 5 to 38 and 7 to 24 years, respectively. Rank age-estimates are highly correlated (r = 0.93) with straight carapace length (SCL), CF age estimates are not (r = 0.62). We consider the CF age-estimates as biologically more plausible because of the disassociation of age and size. Using the CF age-estimates, we then estimate the median age at sexual maturity to be around 13 years old (mean carapace size c. 60 cm SCL) and found that somatic growth was negligible by 15 years of age. The expected age-specific growth rate function derived using numerical differentiation suggests at least one juvenile growth spurt at about 10-12 years of age when maximum age-specific growth rates, c. 5 cm SCL year(-1), are apparent. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific lsl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Zug, GR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zugg@si.edu NR 33 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0173-9565 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00109.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 090PN UT WOS:000240963300008 ER PT J AU Jarosewich, E AF Jarosewich, Eugene TI Chemical analyses of meteorites at the Smithsonian Institution: An update SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; 433 EROS; STONY AB Thirteen new meteorites and three meteorite inclusions have been analyzed. Their results have been incorporated into earlier published data for a comprehensive reference to all analyzed meteorites at the Smithsonian Institution. The six tables facilitate a convenient overlook of meteorite data. Table 1 presents an alphabetical list of analyzed meteorites, Table 2 chemical analyses of stony meteorites, Table 3 chemical analyses of iron meteorites, Table 4 elemental composition of stony meteorites, Table 5 average composition of carbonaceous chondrites and achondrites (falls and finds), and Table 6 presents average composition of H, L, LL, and Antarctic chondrites (falls and finds). The tables are available online at the journal's Web site http://meteoritics.org. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Jarosewich, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM jarosewi@si.edu NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1381 EP 1382 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 086GK UT WOS:000240661600008 ER PT J AU Robertson, DR Karg, F de Moura, RL Victor, BC Bernardi, G AF Robertson, D. Ross Karg, Frances de Moura, Rodrigo Leao Victor, Benjamin C. Bernardi, Giacomo TI Mechanisms of speciation and faunal enrichment in Atlantic parrotfishes SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE parrotfish; Sparisoma; Atlantic; allopatric speciation; Amazon and Atlantic barriers ID CORAL-REEF FISH; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; OCEAN CURRENTS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; ISTHMUS AB Relationships based on mtDNA and nDNA sequences were used to assess effects of two major geographic barriers (the > 30 myo Atlantic ocean and the similar to 11 myo Amazon-Orinoco outflow) on speciation among Atlantic parrotfishes (Sparisoma and Nicholsina). Allopatric distributions of sister taxa implicate isolating actions of both barriers in all recent speciation in these fishes, with no clear indications that any speciation resulted from other mechanisms. Molecular clock estimates of the timing of lineage splits indicate that both barriers acted by limiting dispersal well after they formed, although the Amazon barrier also may have been a vicariance agent. Fluctuations in sealevel, climate, and ocean-current dynamics over the past similar to 10 my likely produced marked variation in the effectiveness of both barriers, but particularly the Amazon barrier, allowing intermittent dispersal leading to establishment and allopatric speciation. A dynamic Amazon barrier represents a major engine of West Atlantic faunal enrichment that has repeatedly facilitated bidirectional dispersal, allopatric speciation, and remixing of the Caribbean and Brazilian faunas.(c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Conservat Int Brazil, BR-30112021 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Ocean Sci Fdn, Irvine, CA 92604 USA. RP Robertson, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM drr@stri.org RI Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011 OI Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678 NR 83 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 795 EP 807 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.011 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 080JU UT WOS:000240244600012 PM 16759882 ER PT J AU Georgakakis, A Nandra, K Laird, ES Gwyn, S Steidel, CC Sarajedini, VL Barmby, P Faber, SM Coil, AL Cooper, MC Davis, M Newman, JA AF Georgakakis, A. Nandra, K. Laird, E. S. Gwyn, S. Steidel, C. C. Sarajedini, V. L. Barmby, P. Faber, S. M. Coil, A. L. Cooper, M. C. Davis, M. Newman, J. A. TI A deep Chandra survey of the Groth Strip - II. Optical identification of the X-ray sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : active; cosmology : observations; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FIELD NORTH SURVEY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HELLAS2XMM SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; SOURCE POPULATION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS AB In this paper, we discuss the optical and X-ray spectral properties of the sources detected in a single 200-ks Chandra pointing in the Groth-Westphal Strip region. A wealth of optical photometric and spectroscopic data are available in this field providing optical identifications and redshift determinations for the X-ray population. The optical photometry and spectroscopy used here are primarily from the Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 (DEEP2) survey with additional redshifts obtained from the literature. These are complemented with the deeper (r approximate to 26 mag) multiwaveband data (ugriz) from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey to estimate photometric redshifts and to optically identify sources fainter than the DEEP2 magnitude limit (R-A approximate to 24.5 mag). We focus our study on the 2-10 keV selected sample comprising 97 sources to the limit approximate to 8 x 10(-16) erg s(-1) cm(-2), this being the most complete in terms of optical identification rate (86 per cent) and redshift determination fraction (63 per cent; both spectroscopic and photometric). We first construct the redshift distribution of the sample which shows a peak at z approximate to 1. This is in broad agreement with models where less luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) evolve out to z approximate to 1 with powerful quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) peaking at higher redshift, z approximate to 2. Evolution similar to that of broad-line QSOs applied to the entire AGN population (both types I and II) does not fit the data. We also explore the observed N-H distribution of the sample and estimate a fraction of obscured AGN (N-H > 10(22) cm(-2)) of 48 +/- 9 per cent. This is found to be consistent with both a luminosity-dependent intrinsic N-H distribution, where less luminous systems comprise a higher fraction of type II AGNs and models with a fixed ratio 2:1 between types I and II AGNs. We further compare our results with those obtained in deeper and shallower surveys. We argue that a luminosity-dependent parametrization of the intrinsic N-H distribution is required to account for the fraction of obscured AGN observed in different samples over a wide range of fluxes. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Georgakakis, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM a.georgakakis@imperial.ac.uk RI Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Georgakakis, Antonis/0000-0002-3514-2442 NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 1 BP 221 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10634.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 075DQ UT WOS:000239863700036 ER PT J AU Chapman, SK Schweitzer, JA Whitham, TG AF Chapman, Samantha K. Schweitzer, Jennifer A. Whitham, Thomas G. TI Herbivory differentially alters plant litter dynamics of evergreen and deciduous trees SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID LEAF-LITTER; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LIGNIN CONTROL; DECOMPOSITION; QUALITY; LEAVES; FOREST; NITROGEN; CLIMATE AB Here we propose that herbivore-induced changes in leaf litter quality can modify aboveground litterfall dynamics differentially in evergreen and deciduous trees. Because aboveground plant litterfall is an important source of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems, any factor that alters plant litter quality can have large "afterlife" effects on the decomposition rate of that litter and the subsequent rate of nutrient release. Two contrasting patterns emerge from the literature and are corroborated by our two experimental case studies. First, in evergreens, herbivory commonly results in premature leaf abscission, improved litter "quality" and an acceleration of litter decomposition. Second, in deciduous trees, herbivory commonly results in the induction of secondary compounds that decelerates decomposition. We argue that these broad patterns reflect predictable differential responses to herbivores that can have important consequences for terrestrial nutrient cycling and productivity and that warrant more attention in the literature. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Chapman, SK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM chapmans@si.edu NR 66 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14676.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 076WH UT WOS:000239988300019 ER PT J AU Hunt, G AF Hunt, Gene TI Fitting and comparing models of phyletic evolution: random walks and beyond SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-SIZE; MACROEVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; INTERSPECIFIC DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RATES; SELECTION; MAMMALS; PALEONTOLOGY AB For almost 30 years, paleontologists have analyzed evolutionary sequences in terms of simple null models, most commonly random walks. Despite this long history, there has been little discussion of how model parameters may be estimated from real paleontological data. In this paper, I outline a likelihood-based framework for fitting and comparing models of phyletic evolution. Because of its usefulness and historical importance, I focus on a general form of the random walk model. The long-term dynamics of this model depend on just two parameters: the mean (mu(step)) and variance (sigma(2)(step)) of the distribution of evolutionary transitions (or "steps"). The value of (mu(step)) determines the directionality of a sequence, and sigma(2)(step) governs its volatility. Simulations show that these two parameters can be inferred reliably from paleontological data regardless of how completely the evolving lineage is sampled. In addition to random walk models, suitable modification of the likelihood function permits consideration of a wide range of alternative evolutionary models. Candidate evolutionary models may be compared on equal footing using information statistics such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Two extensions to this method are developed: modeling stasis as an evolutionary mode, and assessing the homogeneity of dynamics across multiple evolutionary sequences. Within this framework, I reanalyze two well-known published data sets: tooth measurements from the Eocene mammal Cantius, and shell shape in the planktonic foraminifera Contusotruncana. These analyses support previous interpretations about evolutionary mode in size and shape variables in Cantius, and confirm the significantly directional nature of shell shape evolution in Contusotruncana. In addition, this model-fitting approach leads to a further insight about the geographic structure of evolutionary change in this foraminiferan lineage. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 57 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 27 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD FAL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 578 EP 601 DI 10.1666/05070.1 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 105NP UT WOS:000242037500004 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Rappaport, S Burles, S AF Bolton, Adam S. Rappaport, Saul Burles, Scott TI Constraint on the post-Newtonian parameter gamma on galactic size scales SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; LENS ACS SURVEY; TO-LIGHT RATIO; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; VELOCITY DISPERSION; LENTICULAR GALAXIES; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; INTERNAL STRUCTURE AB We constrain the post-Newtonian gravity parameter gamma on kiloparsec scales by comparing the masses of 15 elliptical lensing galaxies from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey as determined in two independent ways. The first method assumes only that Newtonian gravity is correct and is independent of gamma, while the second uses gravitational lensing which depends on gamma. More specifically, we combine Einstein radii and radial surface-brightness gradient measurements of the lens galaxies with empirical distributions for the mass concentration and velocity anisotropy of elliptical galaxies in the local universe to predict gamma-dependent probability distributions for the lens-galaxy velocity dispersions. By comparing with observed velocity dispersions, we derive a maximum-likelihood value of gamma=0.98 +/- 0.07 (68% confidence). This result is in excellent agreement with the prediction of general relativity that gamma=1, which has previously been verified to this accuracy only on solar-system length scales. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bolton, AS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM abolton@cfa.harvard.edu NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 061501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.061501 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IR UT WOS:000240874500001 ER PT J AU Millar, CI King, JC Westfall, RD Alden, HA Delany, DL AF Millar, Constance I. King, John C. Westfall, Robert D. Alden, Harry A. Delany, Diane L. TI Late Holocene forest dynamics, volcanism, and climate change at Whitewing Mountain and San Joaquin Ridge, Mono County, Sierra Nevada, CA, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paleoecology; medieval climate; Late Holocene; climate change; Long Valley volcanism; Inyo craters; forest history; paleoclimatic modeling; tree-ring; dating ID CROSS-DATING POSITIONS; TREE-RING SERIES; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES AB Deadwood tree stems scattered above treeline on tephra-covered slopes of Whitewing Mtn (3051 in) and San Joaquin Ridge (3122 in) show evidence of being killed in an eruption from adjacent Glass Creek Vent, Inyo Craters. Using tree-ring methods, we dated deadwood to AD 8151350 and infer from death dates that the eruption occurred in late summer AD 1350. Based on wood anatomy, we identified deadwood species as Pinus albicaulis, R monticola, P lambertiana, R contorta, R jeffreyi, and Tsuga mertensiana. Only P albicaulis grows at these elevations currently; P lambertiana is not locally native. Using contemporary distributions of the species, we modeled paleoclimate during the time of sympatry to be significantly warmer (+3.2 degrees C annual minimum temperature) and slightly drier (-24 mm annual precipitation) than present, resembling values projected for California in the next 70-100 yr. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All fights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Lone Pine Res, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.05.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 103GP UT WOS:000241874000007 ER PT J AU Small, LM AF Small, Lawrence M. TI Trailblazers (Asia Trail, National Zoo) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Small, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD SEP PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 077EA UT WOS:000240009300014 ER PT J AU Powell, DM Carlstead, K Tarou, LR Brown, JL Monfort, SL AF Powell, David M. Carlstead, Kathy Tarou, Loraine R. Brown, Janine L. Monfort, Steven L. TI Effects of construction noise on behavior and cortisol levels in a pair of captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE giant panda; stress; noise; cortisol; behavior; welfare ID BREEDING BIRDS; STRESS; RESPONSES; ANXIETY; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; REPRODUCTION; PREGNANCY; AIRCRAFT; DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB Studies of the effects of ambient noise on animals have found variable results. A study was conducted at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park to determine what effect short-term demolition work would have on the behavior and cortisol excretion of giant pandas. Behavioral and endocrine differences were examined during the presence and absence of demolition work being conducted on an adjacent exhibit complex. High frequency noise was significantly louder on work days compared to non-work days. Panda activity budgets differed significantly between work and post-work periods, although in different ways. The male's use of substrates and locations that might be associated with refuge or shelter changed during the study; the female did not show similar changes. He spent more time in the enclosure adjacent to the work site rather than a more distant enclosure during the demolition period whether work was occurring or not. The behavior of both animals was more often characterized as "restless" during, as opposed to before or after the work period. In general, cortisol excretion increased during the study in both animals but this was likely a seasonal effect in the male. In many cases, significant short-term increases in cortisol were temporally associated with certain kinds of construction noises or specific physiological events. Variability in cortisol secretion fluctuated during the study for both animals but in differing patterns. These results demonstrate that demolition noise was associated with behavioral and some physiological changes in giant pandas, and these changes were individual-specific. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Honolulu Zoo, Honolulu, HI USA. Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Powell, DM (reprint author), Bronx Zoo, Dept Mammal, Wildlife Conservat Soc, 2300 So Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM dpowell@wcs.org NR 47 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 391 EP 408 DI 10.1002/zoo.20098 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 094OL UT WOS:000241248700004 ER PT J AU Manning, RB Reed, KJ AF Manning, Raymond B. Reed, Karen J. TI Decapod crustaceans deposited in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen by William Stimpson in 1859 SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE William Stimpson; North Pacific Exploring Expedition; Crustacea; Decapoda; types; Prodromus; Zoological Museum Copenhagen ID BRACHYURA; REVISION; GENUS AB As the naturalist on the American North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856, William Stimpson made extensive collections of decapod crustaceans which were brought to the Smithsonian Institution for study. The collection was subsequently transferred to the Chicago Academy of Sciences when Stimpson moved to that organization. The Academy and collection, however, were destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The material sent to other museums on exchange by Stimpson before the fire thus comprises the bulk of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition material still extant. One of his exchanges, comprising 120 species of decapods, was sent to the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen. We here report on the material still housed in that museum. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Reed, KJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM reedk@si.edu NR 104 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 283 EP 293 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 090CO UT WOS:000240928400011 ER PT J AU Anker, A Marin, IN AF Anker, Arthur Marin, Ivan N. TI New records and species of Alpheidae (Crustacea : Decapoda) from Vietnam. Part I. Genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alpheidae; Salmoneus; new species; species groups; Indo-Pacific; Vietnam ID CARIDEA; SHRIMPS; MUDFLATS; TAIWAN AB Six species of the alpheid genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, including five new species, are reported from Nhatrang Bay, southern Vietnam. Salmoneus nhatrangensis, new species, S. auroculatus, new species, S. falcidactylus, new species, and S. pusillus, new species, were collected under rocks on sand-mud bottoms at depths of 6-40 m. Salmoneus alpheophilus, new species and S rostratus Barnard, 1962 were collected on tidal flat from burrows of Alpheus with gobies. The affinities of the new species to other Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic species are discussed. All species are illustrated. Salmoneus is preliminarily divided into seven species groups. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Lab Ecol & Morphol Marine Invertebrates, AN Severtzov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM ankera@si.edu; coralliodecapoda@mail.ru NR 53 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 295 EP 319 PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 090CO UT WOS:000240928400012 ER PT J AU Anker, A Poddoubtchenko, D Jeng, MS AF Anker, Arthur Poddoubtchenko, Denis Jeng, Ming-Shiou TI Acanthanas pusillus, new genus, new speceis, a miniature alpheid shrimp with spiny eyes from the Philippines (Crustacea : Decapoda) SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alpheidae; new genus; Athanas; Indo-West Pacific; coral reefs; micro-shrimp ID CARIDEA AB Acanthanas pusillus, new genus, new species, is described on the basis of three specimens collected from coral and coral rubble in Panglao, Philippines. The new genus appears to be most closely related to Athanas Leach, 1814, from which it may be separated by the stouter, bulky body; the more concealed eyes with two peculiar acute projections; the presence of a subacute projection on the merus of the chelipeds; non-enlarged chelipeds; and the presence of strap-like epipods on the third maxilliped and first and second pereiopods. With a total length of about 6-7 mm, Acanthanas pusillus is one of the smallest known caridean shrimps. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Biodivers, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM ankera@si.edu; poddoubtchenkod@si.edu; jengms@gate.sinica.edu.tw NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 090CO UT WOS:000240928400014 ER PT J AU Pupillo, G Rey, AM Williams, CJ Clark, CW AF Pupillo, Guido Rey, Ana Maria Williams, Carl J. Clark, Charles W. TI Extended fermionization of 1D bosons in optical lattices SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; SUPERFLUID; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; ATOMS AB We present a model that generalizes the Bose - Fermi mapping for strongly correlated one-dimensional (1D) bosons trapped in combined optical lattice plus parabolic potentials, to cases in which the average number of atoms per site is larger than one. Using a decomposition in arrays of disjoint strongly interacting gases, this model gives an accurate account of equilibrium properties of such systems, in parameter regimes relevant to current experiments. The application of this model to non-equilibrium phenomena is explored by a study of the dynamics of an atom cloud subject to a sudden displacement of the confining potential. Excellent agreement is found with results of recent experiments, without the use of any adjustable parameters. The simplicity and intuitive appeal of this model make it attractive as a general tool for understanding bosonic systems in the strongly correlated regime. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pupillo, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guido.pupillo@uibk.ac.at RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 8 AR 161 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/8/8/161 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 079VV UT WOS:000240206900012 ER PT J AU Rey, AM Satija, II Clark, CW AF Rey, Ana Maria Satija, Indubala I. Clark, Charles W. TI Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry for fractional and integer Mott phases SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; INSULATOR-TRANSITION; OPTICAL LATTICE; SUPERFLUID; BOSONS; LIGHT AB The theoretical framework of Hanbury Brown - Twiss interferometry (HBTI) is used to study integer and fractionally filled Mott insulator (MI) phases in period-2 optical superlattices. In contrast to the quasimomentum distribution, this second order interferometry pattern exhibits high contrast fringes in the insulating phases. Our detailed study of HBTI suggests that this interference pattern signals the various superfluid - insulator transitions and therefore can be used as a practical method to determine the phase diagram of the system. We find that in the presence of a confining potential the insulating phases become robust as they exist for a finite range of atom numbers. Furthermore, we show that in the trapped case, the HBTI interferogram signals the formation of the MI domains and probes the shell structure of the system. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol & Opt Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM arey@cfa.harvard.edu; isatija@physics.gmu.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 8 AR 155 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/8/8/155 PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 079VV UT WOS:000240206900006 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Wilson, SA Ruff, SW Golombek, MP Koestler, DL AF Grant, J. A. Wilson, S. A. Ruff, S. W. Golombek, M. P. Koestler, D. L. TI Distribution of rocks on the Gusev Plains and on Husband Hill, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS; SPIRIT ROVER; MAADIM-VALLIS; CRATER; DEPOSITS; BASIN; SITES AB The population of rocks larger than 15 cm in diameter was measured at 36 locations imaged by the Spirit rover over similar to 4 km of the traverse across the Gusev plains and Husband Hill in Gusev crater on Mars. The rock population observed on plains surfaces is consistent with impact fragmentation of rubbly/ fractured volcanics and reveals little evidence for modification by secondary processes or weathering. Interpretation of counts from Husband Hill suggest an influence by bedrock for rocks larger than 0.5 m across, but the distribution of smaller rocks is consistent with ejecta possessing contributions from pre-plains impact events. Results indicate plains surfaces experienced only tens of centimeters of eolian erosion/deposition since the Hesperian, whereas meters rather than tens of meters of erosion modified Husband Hill since the early Hesperian. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. E Stroudsburg Univ, Dept Comp Sci, E Stroudsburg, PA 18301 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, 6th & Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grantj@si.edu NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 16 AR L16202 DI 10.1029/2006GL026964 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 081PZ UT WOS:000240330800004 ER PT J AU Wilf, P Labandeira, CC Johnson, KR Ellis, B AF Wilf, Peter Labandeira, Conrad C. Johnson, Kirk R. Ellis, Beth TI Decoupled plant and insect diversity after the end-Cretaceous extinction SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TERTIARY BOUNDARY; TROPICAL FORESTS; MASS EXTINCTION; ASSOCIATIONS; RECOVERY; HERBIVORY; RICHNESS; CLIMATE; EVENT AB Food web recovery from mass extinction is poorly understood. We analyzed insect-feeding damage on 14,999 angiosperm leaves from 14 latest Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early Eocene sites in the western interior United States. Most Paleocene floras have low richness of plants and of insect damage. However, a low-diversity 64.4-million-year-old flora from southeastern Montana shows extremely high insect damage richness, especially of leaf mining, whereas an anomalously diverse 63.8-million-year-old flora from the Denver Basin shows little damage and virtually no specialized feeding. These findings reveal severely unbalanced food webs 1 to 2 million years after the end-Cretaceous extinction 65.5 million years ago. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. RP Wilf, P (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pwilf@psu.edu NR 28 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5790 BP 1112 EP 1115 DI 10.1126/science.1129569 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 076ZT UT WOS:000239998200044 PM 16931760 ER PT J AU Novotny, V Drozd, P Miller, SE Kulfan, M Janda, M Basset, Y Weiblen, GD AF Novotny, Vojtech Drozd, Pavel Miller, Scott E. Kulfan, Miroslav Janda, Milan Basset, Yves Weiblen, George D. TI Why are there so many species of herbivorous insects in tropical rainforests? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; RICHNESS; PLANTS; ABUNDANCE; LARVAE; TREES AB Despite recent progress in understanding mechanisms of tree species coexistence in tropical forests, a simple explanation for the even more extensive diversity of insects feeding on these plants has been missing. We compared folivorous insects from temperate and tropical trees to test the hypothesis that herbivore species coexistence in more diverse communities could reflect narrow host specificity relative to less diverse communities. Temperate and tropical tree species of comparable phylogenetic distribution supported similar numbers of folivorous insect species, 29.0 +/- 2.2 and 23.5 +/- 1.8 per 100 square meters of foliage, respectively. Host specificity did not differ significantly between community samples, indicating that food resources are not more finely partitioned among folivorous insects in tropical than in temperate forests. These findings suggest that the latitudinal gradient in insect species richness could be a direct function of plant diversity, which increased sevenfold from our temperate to tropical study sites. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Entomol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Univ S Bohemia, Dept Zool, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. Univ Ostrava, Dept Biol, Ostrava 71000, Czech Republic. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Comenius Univ, Dept Zool, Bratislava, Slovakia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Novotny, V (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Entomol, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM novotny@entu.cas.cz RI Drozd, Pavel/J-3943-2013; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; Janda, Milan/H-7216-2014; OI Drozd, Pavel/0000-0002-4602-8856; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 26 TC 246 Z9 254 U1 13 U2 161 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5790 BP 1115 EP 1118 DI 10.1126/science.1129237 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 076ZT UT WOS:000239998200045 PM 16840659 ER PT J AU Kim, S Narayanan, D AF Kim, Sungeun Narayanan, Desika TI [CI] 809 GHz Imaging of the NGC 6334 complex SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE ISM : dissociation regions; ISM : lines; submillimeter : lines ID FAR-INFRARED SOURCE; X-RAY-EMISSION; NGC 6334; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUD; GAS AB We present Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) observations of submillimeter emissions from the NGC 6334 complex for both the (12)[C I] P-3(2) -> P-3(1) fine-structure line of atomic carbon and the (CO)-C-12 J = 4 -> 3 rotational transition of CO. We detected strong (12)[C I] P-3(2) -> P-3(1) emission from the entire star-forming NGC 6334 complex, and present maps of (12)[C I] P-3(2) -> P-3(1) emission and (CO)-C-12 J = 4 -> 3 emission. Comparing these maps with archival ASCA data, we show that, to the south of NGC 6334, the [C I] emissions are likely to be associated with strong X-ray emissions from the FIR sources. However, the calculation using the X-ray dissociation region model shows that the majority of the [C I] emission can not arise from X-ray dissociation of the cloud. Alternatively, far-ultraviolet radiation produced in the photodissociation regions is expected to contribute to dissociate the carbon monoxide in the NGC 6334 complex. C1 Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, 98 Kwangjin, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM skim@arcsec.sejong.ac.kr NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 58 IS 4 BP 753 EP 757 DI 10.1093/pasj/58.4.753 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082GZ UT WOS:000240376000011 ER PT J AU Thorwirth, S Theule, P Gottlieb, CA Muller, HSP McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF Thorwirth, S. Theule, P. Gottlieb, C. A. Mueller, H. S. P. McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI Rotational spectroscopy of S2O: Vibrational satellites, S-33 isotopomers, and the sub-millimeter-wave spectrum SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE sulfur oxides; disulfur monoxide; S7O; S2O2; rotational spectroscopy; hyperfine structure; vibrational satellites ID DISULFUR MONOXIDE S2O; SO2 DISCHARGE SYSTEM; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE; HYPERFINE CONSTANTS; MOLECULES; SULFUR; S-4; (S2O)-O-18; CHAINS AB The rotational spectra of disulfur monoxide, S2O, and several of its rare isotopic species have been studied in a supersonic molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The strongest lines Of S2O were observed by mixing molecular oxygen with sulfur vapor from a heated reservoir at 190 degrees C, and were so intense that both (SSO)-S-33 and (SSO)-S-33 were detected in natural abundance, as well as new rotational transitions of (SSO)-S-34 and (SSO)-S-34. Vibrationally excited states (nu(1),nu(2),nu(3)) up to (0,8,0), combination states (0,nu(2),1) up to (0,4,1), and the (1,0,0) and (0,0, 1) states were also observed in a discharge Of SO2 in neon. In addition, the sub-millimeter-wave spectrum of (S2O)-S-32 has been studied up to 470 GHz in a free space absorption cell through a discharge of sulfur vapor and SO2. An extensive set of molecular parameters for the main isotopic species has been obtained by analyzing all of the presently available rotational and rotation-vibration data. Detection of several new transitions of the SO dimer S2O2 at centimeter wavelengths has yielded an improved set of molecular parameters for its ground vibrational state. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Thorwirth, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sthorwirth@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008; Mueller, Holger/0000-0002-0183-8927 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 795 IS 1-3 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.02.055 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 088XY UT WOS:000240845600026 ER PT J AU Soria, R Kuncic, Z Broderick, JW Ryder, SD AF Soria, R. Kuncic, Z. Broderick, J. W. Ryder, S. D. TI Multiband study of NGC7424 and its two newly discovered ultraluminous X-ray sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; supernova remnants; galaxies : individual : NGC 7424; radio continuum : ISM; X-rays : binaries ID PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; MASS BLACK-HOLES; DENSE STAR-CLUSTERS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; SPIRAL GALAXIES; RADIO-EMISSION; H-I; BINARY; ACCRETION AB We have studied the face-on, barred spiral NGC7424 ( site of the rare Type IIb SN 2001ig) with Chandra, Gemini and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. After giving revised X-ray colours and luminosity of the supernova, here we focus on some other interesting sources in the galaxy: in particular, our serendipitous discovery of two ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). The brighter one (similar to 10(40) erg s(-1)) has a power-law-like spectrum with photon index Gamma approximate to 1.8. The other ULX shows a spectral state transition or outburst between the two Chandra observations, 20-d apart. Optical data show that this ULX is located in a young (age approximate to 7-10 Myr), bright complex rich with OB stars and clusters. An exceptionally bright, unresolved radio source (0.14 mJy at 4.79 GHz, implying a radio luminosity twice as high as Cas A) is found slightly offset from the ULX (approximate to 80 pc). Its radio spectral index alpha approximate to -0.7 suggests optically thin synchrotron emission, either from a young supernova remnant or from a radio lobe powered by a ULX jet. An even brighter, unresolved radio source (0.22 mJy at 4.79 GHz) is found in another young, massive stellar complex, not associated with any X-ray sources: based on its flatter radio spectral index (alpha approximate to -0.3), we suggest that it is a young pulsar wind nebula, a factor of 10 more radio luminous than the Crab. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Soria, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rsoria@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kuncic, Zdenka/B-4464-2008; OI Ryder, Stuart/0000-0003-4501-8100 NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 4 BP 1666 EP 1676 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10629.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 070JG UT WOS:000239517300008 ER PT J AU Hardcastle, MJ Evans, DA Croston, JH AF Hardcastle, M. J. Evans, D. A. Croston, J. H. TI The X-ray nuclei of intermediate-redshift radio sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; FR-I; COMPLETE SAMPLE; CHANDRA DETECTION; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; UNIFIED MODELS; GALAXIES; EMISSION; QUASARS AB We present a Chandra and XMM-Newton spectral analysis of the nuclei of the radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars from the 3CRR sample in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.5. In the range of radio luminosity sampled by these objects, mostly Fanaroff-Riley type IIs (FR IIs), it has been clear for some time that a population of radio galaxies [low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs)] cannot easily participate in models that unify narrow-line radio galaxies and broad-line objects. We show that low-excitation and narrow-line radio galaxies have systematically different nuclear X-ray properties: while narrow-line radio galaxies universally show a heavily absorbed nuclear X-ray component, such a heavily absorbed component is rarely found in sources classed as low-excitation objects. Combining our data with the results of our earlier work on the z < 0.1 3CRR sources, we discuss the implications of this result for unified models, for the origins of mid-infrared emission from radio sources, and for the nature of the apparent Fanaroff-Riley type I (FR I)/FR II dichotomy in the X-ray. The lack of direct evidence for accretion-related X-ray emission in FR II LERGs leads us to argue that there is a strong possibility that some, or most, FR II LERGs accrete in a radiatively inefficient mode. However, our results are also consistent with a model in which the accretion mode is the same for low- and high-excitation FR IIs, with the lower accretion luminosities in FR II LERGs attributed instead to more efficient radio luminosity production in those objects. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hardcastle, MJ (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM mjh@star.herts.ac.uk RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 NR 67 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 4 BP 1893 EP 1904 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10615.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 070JG UT WOS:000239517300029 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Opler, PA AF Ferguson, Douglas C. Opler, Paul A. TI Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera : Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Arctiidae; checklist; the continental United States; Canada AB A checklist of the 282 species of Arctiidae of North America north of Mexico is presented. The list reflects changes in taxonomy and additions to the fauna since publication of the Checklist of the Moths of America North of Mexico in 1983. Pagara Walker, 1856 and Neoplynes Hampson, 1900 are transferred from Lithosiinae to Arctiinae. Lectotypes are designated for Arctia incorrupta Henry Edwards, 1881, and Arctia incorrupta Henry Edwards, 1881. Two new combinations are proposed: Cisthene tenuifascia schwarziorum Dyar, 1899, and Trocodima fuscipes ( Grote, 1883). Arachnis citra verna Barnes & McDunnough, 1918 is proposed as a revised status. "Afrida" exegens Dyar, 1922 is reported for North America for the first time, but its subfamily and generic placement are uncertain. Clemensia patella (Druce, 1885) is raised from synonymy with Clemensia albata Packard, 1864. Seventeen taxa are designated as new or revised synonyms: Arctia oithona Strecker, 1878 (= Grammia phyllira (Drury, 1773)); Arctia rectilinea French, 1879 (= Grammia phyllira (Drury, 1773)); Arctia conspicua Stretch, 1906 (= Grammia phyllira (Drury, 1773)); Arctia quadranotata Strecker, 1880 (= Grammia f- pallida ( Strecker, 1878)); Apantesis sociata Barnes & McDunnough, 1910 (= Grammia f- pallida Strecker, 1878); Apantesis moierra Dyar, 1914 (= Grammia f- pallida ( Strecker, 1878)); Apantesis mormonica Neumoegen, 1885 (= Notarctia arizoniensis ( Stretch)); Arctia caja parva Rothschild, 1910 (= Arctia opulenta ( Henry Edwards, 1881)); Kodiosoma otero Barnes, 1907 (= Kodiosoma fulva Stretch, 1872); Estigmene arizonensis Rothschild, 1910 (= Estigmene albida Stretch, 1874); Ecpantheria denudata Slosson, 1888 (= Hypercompe scribonia ( Stoll, [ 1790])); Arachnis hampsoni Dyar, 1903 (= Arachnis picta maia Ottolengui, 1896); Arachnis midas Barnes & Lindsey, 1921 (= Arachnis citra verna Barnes & McDunnough, 1918); Arachnis apachea Clarke, 1941 (= Arachnis citra verna Barnes & McDunnough, 1918); Euchaetes pudens ( Henry Edwards, 1882) (= Cycnia collaris ( Fitch, 1856)); Arctia sciurus Boisduval, 1869 (= Cycnia tenera Hubner, 1827); Pygarctia albistrigata Barnes & McDunnough, 1913 (= Pygarctia pterygostigma Dyar, 1909); and Microdota hemiceras Forbes, 1931 (= Trocodima fuscipes ( Grote, 1883)). Halysidota underwoodi Rothschild and H. fuliginosa Rothschild are removed from the North American list because their inclusion was based on specimens that likely are mislabeled. Afrida ydatodes Dyar, 1913 and Afrida minuta (Druce, 1885) are removed from the Arctiidae and should be placed elsewhere, probably in Noctuidae. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, CP Gillette Museum Arthropod Divers, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Opler, PA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, CP Gillette Museum Arthropod Divers, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 21 PY 2006 IS 1299 BP 1 EP 33 PG 33 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074XK UT WOS:000239844900001 ER PT J AU Mandel, KS Zaldarriaga, M AF Mandel, Kaisey S. Zaldarriaga, Matias TI Weak gravitational lensing of high-redshift 21 cm power spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; diffuse radiation; gravitational lensing ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; REIONIZATION OBSERVATORIES; CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; 21-CM LINE; DARK-AGES; EPOCH; SENSITIVITY; TOMOGRAPHY; RADIATION; PROBE AB We describe the effects of weak gravitational lensing by cosmological large-scale structure on the diffuse emission of 21 cm radiation from high-redshift neutral hydrogen during the era of reionization. The ability to observe three-dimensional information suggests that 21 cm studies may provide a useful context for weak-lensing studies. We focus on the gravitational lensing effects on both the angular power spectra and the intrinsic, three-dimensional power spectra. We present a new approach for calculating the weak-lensing signature that reduces to coupled systems of differential equations in a lensing cutoff scale, which are solved by approximating the magnification matrix. This method is applied to reionization models of the 21 cm background spectra up to small angular scales over a range in redshift. The effect on the angular power spectrum is typically less than 1% on small angular scales, and very small on scales corresponding to the feature imprinted by reionization bubbles, due to the near-scale invariance of the 21 cm angular power spectrum on these scales. We describe the expected effect of weak lensing on three-dimensional 21 cm power spectra, and show that lensing creates aspherical perturbations to the intrinsic power spectrum that depend on the polar angle of the wavevector. The effect on the three-dimensional power spectrum is less than 1% on scales k less than or similar to 0.1 h Mpc(-1), but can be greater than or similar to 1% for highly inclined modes for k greater than or similar to 1 h Mpc(-1). The angular variation of the lensing effect on these scales is well described by a quartic polynomial in the cosine of the polar angle. The detection of the gravitational lensing effects on 21 cm power spectra will require very sensitive, high-resolution observations by future low-frequency radio arrays. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mandel, KS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kmandel@cfa.harvard.edu NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 719 EP 736 DI 10.1086/505480 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000001 ER PT J AU Morgan, CW Kochanek, CS Morgan, ND Falco, EE AF Morgan, Christopher W. Kochanek, C. S. Morgan, Nicholas D. Falco, Emilio E. TI Microlensing of the lensed quasar SDSS 0924+0219 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; dark matter; gravitational lensing; quasars : individual (SDSS 0924+0219); stars : fundamental parameters ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; DARK-MATTER; SUBHALO POPULATIONS; EINSTEIN RINGS; FIELD GALAXIES; TIME DELAYS; EVOLUTION; SDSS-J0924+0219; REDSHIFT; HALOES AB We analyze V-, I-, and H-band HST images and two seasons of R-band monitoring data for the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS 0924+0219. We clearly see that image D is a point-source image of the quasar at the center of its host galaxy. We can easily track the host galaxy of the quasar close to image D because microlensing has provided a natural coronograph that suppresses the flux of the quasar image by roughly an order of magnitude. We observe low-amplitude, uncorrelated variability between the four quasar images due to microlensing, but no correlated variations that could be used to measure a time delay. Monte Carlo models of the microlensing variability provide estimates of the mean stellar mass in the lens galaxy ( 0: 03 h(2) M-circle dot less than or similar to < M > greater than or similar to 2.0 h(2) M-circle dot), the accretion disk size ( the disk temperature is 5 x 10(4) K at 1.3 x 10(14) h(-1) cm less than or similar to r(s) less than or similar to 4.7 x 10(14) h(-1) cm), and the black hole mass (6.6 x 10(6) M-circle dot less than or similar to M-BH h(3/2) eta(-1/2)(0.1) (L/L-Edd)(1/2) less than or similar to 4.4 x 10(7) M-circle dot), all at 68% confidence. The black hole mass estimate based on microlensing is mildly inconsistent with an estimate of M-BH (2.8 +/- 0: 9) x 10(8) M-circle dot from the Mg II emission-line width. If we extrapolate the best-fitting light curve models into the future, we expect images A and B to fade and images C and D to brighten. In particular, we estimate that image D has a roughly 16% probability of brightening by a factor of 2 during the next year and a 40% probability of brightening by an order of magnitude over the next decade. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43021 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morgan, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43021 USA. EM cmorgan@usna.edu; ckochanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; nmorgan@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 874 EP 885 DI 10.1086/505569 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000013 ER PT J AU Egami, E Misselt, KA Rieke, GH Wise, MW Neugebauer, G Kneib, JP Le Floc'h, E Smith, GP Blaylock, M Dole, H Frayer, DT Huang, JS Krause, O Papovich, C Perez-Gonzalez, PG Rigby, JR AF Egami, E. Misselt, K. A. Rieke, G. H. Wise, M. W. Neugebauer, G. Kneib, J. -P. Le Floc'h, E. Smith, G. P. Blaylock, M. Dole, H. Frayer, D. T. Huang, J. -S. Krause, O. Papovich, C. Perez-Gonzalez, P. G. Rigby, J. R. TI Spitzer observations of the brightest galaxies in X-ray-luminous clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : general galaxies : elliptical and lenticular; cD; infrared : galaxies ID COOLING-FLOW CLUSTERS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; COLD MOLECULAR GAS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED GALAXIES; RADIO PROPERTIES; ABELL CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION; RICH CLUSTERS; 1ST SURVEY AB We have studied the infrared properties of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) located in the cores of X-ray-luminous clusters at 0: 15 < z < 0: 35. The majority of the BCGs are not particularly infrared-luminous compared with other massive early-type galaxies, suggesting that the cluster environment has little influence on the infrared luminosities of the BCGs. The exceptions, however, are the BCGs in the three X-ray-brightest clusters in the sample, A1835, Z3146, and A2390. These BCGs have a prominent far-infrared peak in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs), and two of them ( those in A1835 and Z3146) can be classified as luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs: L-IR > 10(11) L-circle dot). Although radio AGNs ( active galactic nuclei) are found to be prevalent among the BCGs, the infrared luminosities of these three BCGs, judged from the infrared SED signatures, are likely to be powered by star formation. Considering the overall trend that clusters with shorter radiative gas cooling times harbor more infrared-luminous BCGs, the enhanced star formation may be caused by the cooling cluster gas accreting onto the BCGs. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR6110, OAMP, F-13012 Marseille, France. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Egami, E (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Rigby, Jane/D-4588-2012; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/J-2871-2016 OI Rigby, Jane/0000-0002-7627-6551; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0003-4528-5639 NR 61 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 922 EP 933 DI 10.1086/504519 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000018 ER PT J AU Swartz, DA Yukita, M Tennant, AF Soria, R Ghosh, KK AF Swartz, Douglas A. Yukita, Mihoko Tennant, Allyn F. Soria, Roberto Ghosh, Kajal K. TI Chandra observations of circumnuclear star formation in NGC 3351 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 3351); galaxies : starburst; galaxies : structure; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY EMISSION; BLACK-HOLE; HOT GAS; STARBURST GALAXIES; DISK GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; H-ALPHA; BULGES; HALOS; MASS AB The nearby SB(r)b galaxy NGC 3351 (M95) displays an similar to 600 pc diameter star-forming circumnuclear ring fueled by gas accreted through a stellar bar. The X-ray emission from this region is composed of numerous pointlike sources embedded in hot (kT = 0.5 +/- 0.1 keV), nonuniform diffuse gas. Most of the pointlike sources are likely themselves concentrated regions of hot gas. The morphology of the X-ray emission is similar to, but not identical with, UV and H alpha hot spots in the circumnuclear ring. The emission morphology can be understood if star formation is occurring through a series of instantaneous starbursts at various locations around the ring and the UV, H alpha, and X-ray emission trace successively later stages in the evolution of the underlying stellar populations. X-ray emission extends at least 500 pc beyond the circumnuclear ring. This emission is interpreted as the result of gas outflow from the star-forming ring into the disk and halo of NGC 3351. There is evidence that the outflow is confined by cold ambient gas near the plane of the galaxy but that flow out of the plane is not restricted. The nucleus of the galaxy lacks both large amounts of hot gas and any pointlike source above an estimated X-ray luminosity of 10(37) ergs s(-1) in the 0.5-8.0 keV band. This luminosity is orders of magnitude too low to account for the observed nuclear H alpha luminosity, 3.5 X 10(38) ergs s(-1), by X-ray photoionization. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Swartz, DA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, XD12, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RI Yukita, Mihoko/E-4135-2017 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1030 EP 1039 DI 10.1086/504680 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000025 ER PT J AU Donovan, JL Herrnstein, RM Ho, PTP AF Donovan, Jennifer L. Herrnstein, Robeson M. Ho, Paul T. P. TI Exploring high-velocity NH3(6,6) emission at the center of our galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : center; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; SAGITTARIUS-A COMPLEX; APERTURE SYNTHESIS OBSERVATIONS; CENTER BLACK-HOLE; SGR-A; MOLECULAR GAS; CIRCUMNUCLEAR DISK; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INNER-GALAXY; AMMONIA AB w Using the NH3 (6, 6) transition, which samples dense (similar to 10(5)) molecular gas with an energy above ground of 412 K, we find hot gas at high velocities (-142 to - 210 km s(-1)) associated with the central 2 pc of the Galactic center. This material may be either infalling gas due to shocks or tidal stripping, or possibly gas swept from the nuclear region. We identify two high-velocity features, which we call the Southern Runner and the Cap, and correlate these features with others detected in various molecular observations of the Galactic center. The characteristic linewidths of the Southern Runner and Cap, 10-15 km s(-1), are similar to those of other hot Galactic center clouds. The estimated H-2 masses of these clouds are 4 x 10(3) and 2 x 10(3) M-circle dot, consistent with the masses of the western streamer and northern ridge, NH3 (6, 6) emission features detected within the central 10 pc at lower velocities. Three possible explanations for this emission are discussed, assuming that they lie at the Galactic center, including sweeping by the supernova remnant Sgr A East, infall and/or shock from the circumnuclear disk ( CND), and stripping from the central rotating low-velocity NH3 (6, 6) cloud. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Donovan, JL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St,Mail Code 5246, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jen@astro.columbia.edu; herrnstein@astro.columbia.edu; pho@cfa.harvard.edu NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1159 EP 1169 DI 10.1086/505566 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000037 ER PT J AU Evans, NR Massa, D Fullerton, A Sonneborn, G Iping, R AF Evans, Nancy Remage Massa, Derck Fullerton, Alexander Sonneborn, George Iping, Rosina TI Cepheid masses: FUSE observations of S Muscae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : fundamental parameters ID MODELS; STARS; EXTINCTION AB S Mus is the Cepheid with the hottest known companion. The large ultraviolet flux means that it is the only Cepheid companion for which the velocity amplitude could be measured with the echelle mode of the HST GHRS. Unfortunately, the high temperature is difficult to constrain at wavelengths longer than 1200 8 because of the degeneracy between temperature and reddening. We have obtained a FUSE spectrum in order to improve the determination of the temperature of the companion. Two regions that are temperature sensitive near 16,000 K but relatively unaffected by H-2 absorption (940 8 and the Ly beta wings) have been identified. By comparing FUSE spectra of S Mus B with spectra of standard stars, we have determined a temperature of 17; 000 +/- 500 K. The resulting Cepheid mass is 6: 0 +/- 0: 4 M-circle dot. This mass is consistent with main-sequence evolutionary tracks with a moderate amount of convective overshoot. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-4, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Sonneborn, George/D-5255-2012 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1387 EP 1392 DI 10.1086/505519 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000054 ER PT J AU Marengo, M Megeath, ST Fazio, GG Stapelfeldt, KR Werner, MW Backman, DE AF Marengo, M. Megeath, S. T. Fazio, G. G. Stapelfeldt, K. R. Werner, M. W. Backman, D. E. TI A Spitzer IRAC search for substellar companions of the debris disk star epsilon Eridani SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems; stars : individual (epsilon Eridani) ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; DUST; VEGA; EMISSION; ROTATION; PERIOD AB We have used the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope to search for low-mass companions of the nearby debris disk star is an element of Eri. The star was observed in two epochs 39 days apart, with different focal plane rotation to allow the subtraction of the instrumental point-spread function, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 0.01 MJy sr(-1) at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m, and 0.05 MJy sr(-1) at 5.8 and 8.0 mu m. This sensitivity is not sufficient to directly detect scattered or thermal radiation from the is an element of Eri debris disk. It is, however, sufficient to allow the detection of Jovian planets with mass as low as 1M(J) in the IRAC 4.5 mu m band. In this band, we detected over 460 sources within the 5'70 field of view of our images. To test if any of these sources could be a low-mass companion to is an element of Eri, we have compared their colors and magnitudes with models and photometry of low-mass objects. Of the sources detected in at least two IRAC bands, none fall into the range of mid-IR color and luminosity expected for cool, 1 Gyr substellar and planetary mass companions of is an element of Eri, as determined by both models and observations of field M, L, and T dwarfs. We identify three new sources that have detections at 4.5 mu m only, the lower limit placed on their [3.6]-[4.5] color consistent with models of planetary mass objects. Their nature cannot be established with the currently available data, and a new observation at a later epoch will be needed to measure their proper motion in order to determine if they are physically associated to is an element of Eri. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Marengo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmarengo@cfa.harvard.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1437 EP 1451 DI 10.1086/505531 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000059 ER PT J AU Krems, RV Jamieson, MJ Dalgarno, A AF Krems, R. V. Jamieson, M. J. Dalgarno, A. TI The D-1-P-3 transitions in atomic oxygen induced by impact with atomic hydrogen SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes ID LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; COLLISIONS; MOLECULE; SCATTERING; N-2 AB The rate coefficients for electronic transitions between the P-3 and D-1 states of oxygen atoms induced by collision with hydrogen atoms are computed using a rigorous quantum mechanical method and accurate interaction potentials of the OH molecule. The rate coefficient for the electronic relaxation of O(D-1) to O(P-3) is almost independent of temperature between 1000 and 10,000 K with a magnitude of 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1). The rate coefficient for the electronic excitation of O(P-3) to O(D-1) varies from 5.40 x 10(-23) cm(3) s(-1) at T 1000 K to 5.96; 10(-14) cm(3) s(-1) at T 10; 000 K. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ Glasgow, Dept Comp Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Krems, RV (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM rkrems@chem.ubc.ca NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1531 EP 1534 DI 10.1086/504892 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000067 ER PT J AU Monnier, JD Barry, RK Traub, WA Lane, BF Akeson, RL Ragland, S Schuller, PA Le Coroller, H Berger, JP Millan-Gabet, R Pedretti, E Schloerb, FP Koresko, C Carleton, NP Lacasse, MG Kern, P Malbet, F Perraut, K Kuchner, MJ Muterspaugh, MW AF Monnier, J. D. Barry, R. K. Traub, W. A. Lane, B. F. Akeson, R. L. Ragland, S. Schuller, P. A. Le Coroller, H. Berger, J. -P. Millan-Gabet, R. Pedretti, E. Schloerb, F. P. Koresko, C. Carleton, N. P. Lacasse, M. G. Kern, P. Malbet, F. Perraut, K. Kuchner, M. J. Muterspaugh, M. W. TI No expanding fireball: Resolving the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi with infrared interferometry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (RS Ophiuchi); techniques : interferometric ID PALOMAR TESTBED INTERFEROMETER; KECK INTERFEROMETER; 1985 OUTBURST; STARS; SYSTEMS; IOTA AB Following the recent outburst of the recurrent nova RS Oph on 2006 February 12, we measured its near-infrared size using the IOTA, Keck, and PTI Interferometers at multiple epochs. The characteristic size of similar to 3 mas hardly changed over the first 60 days of the outburst, ruling out currently popular models whereby the near-infrared emission arises from hot gas in the expanding shock. The emission was also found to be significantly asymmetric, evidenced by nonzero closure phases detected by IOTA. The physical interpretation of these data depends strongly on the adopted distance to RS Oph. Our data can be interpreted as the first direct detection of the underlying RS Oph binary, lending support to the recent "reborn red giant" models of Hachisu & Kato. However, this result hinges on an RS Oph distance of <= 540 pc, in strong disagreement with the widely adopted distance of similar to 1.6 kpc. At the farther distance, our observations imply instead the existence of a nonexpanding, dense, and ionized circumbinary gaseous disk or reservoir responsible for the bulk of the near-infrared emission. Longer baseline infrared interferometry is uniquely suited to distinguish between these models and to ultimately determine the distance, binary orbit, and component masses for RS Oph, one of the closest known (candidate) Type 1a supernova progenitor systems. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Calif Assoc Res Astron, WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Observ Haute Provence, CNRS, OAMP, F-04870 St Michel, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Monnier, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 941 Dennison Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM monnier@umich.edu RI Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP L127 EP L130 DI 10.1086/507584 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RV UT WOS:000239830400011 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA Marshall, HL Lovell, JEJ Murphy, DW Bicknell, GV Birkinshaw, M Gelbord, JM Georganopoulos, M Godfrey, L Jauncey, DL Jester, S Perlman, ES Worrall, DM AF Schwartz, D. A. Marshall, H. L. Lovell, J. E. J. Murphy, D. W. Bicknell, G. V. Birkinshaw, M. Gelbord, J. M. Georganopoulos, M. Godfrey, L. Jauncey, D. L. Jester, S. Perlman, E. S. Worrall, D. M. TI Discovery of an X-ray jet and extended jet structure in the quasar PKS 1055+201 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : jets; quasars : general; quasars : individual (PKS 1055+201, 4C 20.24); X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-SOURCES AB This Letter reports rich X-ray jet structures found in the Chandra observation of PKS 1055 +/- 201. In addition to an X-ray jet coincident with the radio jet, we detect a region of extended X-ray emission surrounding the jet as far from the core as the radio hot spot to the north, and a similar extended X-ray region along the presumed path of the unseen counterjet to the southern radio lobe. Both X-ray regions show a similar curvature to the west, relative to the quasar. We interpret this as the first example in which we separately detect the X-ray emission from a narrow jet and extended, residual jet plasma over the entire length of a powerful FR II jet. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 72611, Australia. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM das@head-cfa.harvard.edu; hermanm@space.mit.edu; jonathan@space.mit.edu; dwm@sgra.jpl.nasa.gov; geoff@mso.anu.edu.au; mark.birkinshaw@bristol.ac.uk; markos@jca.umbc.edu; lgodfrey@mso.anu.edu.au; djauncey@atnf.csiro.au; jester@phys.soton.ac.uk; perlman@jca.umbc.edu; d.worrall@bristol.ac.uk RI Godfrey, Leith/B-5283-2013 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP L107 EP L110 DI 10.1086/507529 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RV UT WOS:000239830400006 ER PT J AU van den Berg, M Grindlay, J Laycock, S Hong, J Zhao, P Koenig, X Schlegel, EM Cohn, H Lugger, P Rich, RM Dupree, AK Smith, GH Strader, J AF van den Berg, M. Grindlay, J. Laycock, S. Hong, J. Zhao, P. Koenig, X. Schlegel, E. M. Cohn, H. Lugger, P. Rich, R. M. Dupree, A. K. Smith, G. H. Strader, J. TI Champlane discovery of candidate symbiotic binaries in Baade's and Stanek's windows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : symbiotic; Galaxy : bulge; stars : late-type; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; M-TYPE GIANTS; GALACTIC-CENTER; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; VARIABLE-STARS; SYSTEMS; BULGE; CATALOG; DWARFS; FIELDS AB We have searched the OGLE-II archive for candidate counterparts of X-ray sources detected in two low-extinction windows included in our Galactic bulge Chandra-HST survey. We find that a significant number that is, in excess of the expected level of random associations-can be matched with probable M giants. Their X-ray properties can be understood if these sources are symbiotic binaries in which the X-rays are typically, either directly or indirectly, the result of a white dwarf accreting from the wind of a cool giant. Optical and near-infrared properties of selected sources are consistent with a symbiotic nature, although none of the spectra collected for eight out of 13 candidate counterparts show the high-ionization nebular emission lines observed for many symbiotics. The hard X-ray emission for several sources (power-law photon indices -1.5 less than or similar to Gamma less than or similar to 1.5) suggests that our sample includes systems similar to the symbiotics recently detected with INTEGRAL and Swift. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP van den Berg, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM maureen@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP L135 EP L138 DI 10.1086/506613 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RV UT WOS:000239830400013 ER PT J AU Lemaitre, R Mclaughlin, PA AF Lemaitre, Rafael Mclaughlin, Patsy A. TI A new genus and species of the hermit crab family Paguridae (Crustacea : Decapoda : Anomura : Paguroidea) from Australia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Crustacea; Decapoda; Paguroidea; Paguridae; new genus; new species; Australia ID PAGURUS AB A new genus, Catapaguropsis, and new species, Catapaguropsis queenslandica, are described from off Queensland, northeastern Australia. The new genus is compared and contrasted to two other genera of the family Paguridae, Catapagurus and Pteropagurus, with which it shares certain common characters. The new species is notable for its exhibited sexual dimorphism. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. RP Lemaitre, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lemaitrr@si.edu; hermit@fidalgo.net NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 17 PY 2006 IS 1297 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074RD UT WOS:000239828600006 ER PT J AU Cozzini, M Calarco, T Recati, A Zoller, P AF Cozzini, M. Calarco, T. Recati, A. Zoller, P. TI Fast Rydberg gates without dipole blockade via quantum control SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum phase gate; Rydberg states ID ENTANGLEMENT; CAVITY; ATOMS AB We propose a scheme for controlling interactions between Rydberg-excited neutral atoms in order to perform a fast high-fidelity quantum gate. Unlike dipole-blockade mechanisms already found in the literature, we drive resonantly the atoms with a state-dependent excitation to Rydberg levels, and we exploit the resulting dipole-dipole interaction to induce a controlled atomic motion in the trap, in a similar way as discussed in recent ion-trap quantum computing proposals. This leads atoms to gain the required gate phase, which turns out to be a combination of a dynamic and a geometrical contribution. The fidelity of this scheme is studied including small anharmonicity and temperature effects, with promising results for reasonably achievable experimental parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trento, Italy. CNR, INFM, BEC, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Cozzini, M (reprint author), Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trento, Italy. EM cozzini@science.unitn.it RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Recati, Alessio/J-7566-2015 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 264 IS 2 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2006.01.060 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 076SP UT WOS:000239978300018 ER PT J AU Smith, BD AF Smith, Bruce D. TI Eastern North America as an independent center of plant domestication SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID CUCURBITA-PEPO CUCURBITACEAE; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ORIGIN; SUNFLOWER; MESOAMERICA; AGRICULTURE; L. AB The status of eastern North America as an independent center of plant domestication has recently been called into question by a number of genetic and archaeological studies, which suggest that the region may not have witnessed the independent domestication of local crop plants, but rather may have been on the receiving end of domesticated crop plants introduced from Mexico. Here, I provide a synthesis of the currently available archaeological and genetic evidence from both eastern North America and Mexico regarding the spatial and temporal context of initial domestication of the four plant species identified as potential eastern North American domesticates: marshelder (Iva annua), chenopod (Chenopodium berlandien), squash (Cucurbita pepo), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Genetic and archaeological evidence provides strong support for the independent domestication of all four of these plant species in the eastern United States and reconfirms the region as one of the world's independent centers of domestication. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smithb@si.edu NR 37 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 33 BP 12223 EP 12228 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604335103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075EW UT WOS:000239867500006 PM 16894156 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Mohamed, S Brown, JM Thaddeus, P AF McCarthy, M. C. Mohamed, S. Brown, J. M. Thaddeus, P. TI Detection of low-frequency lambda-doublet transitions of the free (CH)-C-12 and (CH)-C-13 radicals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE microwave spectroscopy; molecular data; radio astronomy ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTRUM; OPTICAL DOUBLE-RESONANCE; GROUND-STATE PARAMETERS; FAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; INTERSTELLAR CH; CARBON CHAINS; MICROWAVE; MOLECULES; SPACE AB By Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, lambda-doubling transitions of (CH)-C-12 and (CH)-C-13 in the lowest rotational levels of the X-2 Pi(1/2) ground state have been directly detected, which has not been done previously. For both radicals, hyperfine-split lines have been measured to an accuracy of better than 1 ppm between 3 and 15 GHz, an improvement of at least 2 orders of magnitude over previous laboratory data. The measured frequencies have been combined with all previous data for CH and (CH)-C-13 in the v = 0 level of the X-2 Pi electronic state to determine improved hyperfine parameters. The production of CH from various gases also has been studied and, with methanol, the yield of CH relative to OH. Astronomical studies of CH in higher rotational levels and (CH)-C-13 can now be undertaken on the basis of the present work. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu OI McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 33 BP 12263 EP 12268 DI 10.1073/pnas.0601746103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075EW UT WOS:000239867500013 PM 16894169 ER PT J AU Dalgarno, A AF Dalgarno, A. TI The galactic cosmic ray ionization rate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE interstellar chemistry ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; INTER-STELLAR CLOUDS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ZETA-PERSEI; DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION; INDUCED CHEMISTRY; CHARGE-TRANSFER; GAS AB The chemistry that occurs in the interstellar medium in response to cosmic ray ionization is summarized, and a review of the ionization rates that have been derived from measurements of molecular abundances is presented. The successful detection of large abundances of H-3(+) in diffuse clouds and the recognition that dissociative recombination of H-3(+) is fast has led to an upward revision of the derived ionization rates. In dense clouds the molecular abundances are sensitive to the depletion of carbon monoxide, atomic oxygen, nitrogen, water, and metals and the presence of large molecules and grains. Measurements of the relative abundances of deuterated species provide information about the ion removal mechanisms, but uncertainties remain. The models, both of dense and diffuse clouds, that are used to interpret the observations may be seriously inadequate. Nevertheless, it appears that the ionization rates differ in dense and diffuse clouds and in the intercloud medium. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu NR 81 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 33 BP 12269 EP 12273 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602117103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075EW UT WOS:000239867500014 PM 16894166 ER PT J AU Martin, RV Sioris, CE Chance, K Ryerson, TB Bertram, TH Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC Neuman, JA Swanson, A Flocke, FM AF Martin, Randall V. Sioris, Christopher E. Chance, Kelly Ryerson, Thomas B. Bertram, Timothy H. Wooldridge, Paul J. Cohen, Ronald C. Neuman, J. Andy Swanson, Aaron Flocke, Frank M. TI Evaluation of space-based constraints on global nitrogen oxide emissions with regional aircraft measurements over and downwind of eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NOX EMISSIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; UNITED-STATES; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; GOME MEASUREMENTS; LIGHTNING NOX; AIR-QUALITY; ART. AB [ 1] We retrieve tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns for May 2004 to April 2005 from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument to derive top-down emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) via inverse modeling with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). Simulated NO2 vertical profiles used in the retrieval are evaluated with airborne measurements over and downwind of North America (ICARTT); a northern midlatitude lightning source of 1.6 Tg N yr(-1) minimizes bias in the retrieval. Retrieved NO2 columns are validated (r(2) = 0.60, slope = 0.82) with coincident airborne in situ measurements. The top-down emissions are combined with a priori information from a bottom-up emission inventory with error weighting to achieve an improved a posteriori estimate of the global distribution of surface NOx emissions. Our a posteriori NOx emission inventory for land surface NOx emissions (46.1 Tg N yr(-1)) is 22% larger than the GEIA-based a priori bottom-up inventory for 1998, a difference that reflects rising anthropogenic emissions, especially from East Asia. A posteriori NOx emissions for East Asia (9.8 Tg N yr(-1)) exceed those from other continents. The a posteriori inventory improves the GEOS-Chem simulation of NOx, peroxyacetylnitrate, and nitric acid with respect to airborne in situ measurements over and downwind of New York City. The a posteriori is 7% larger than the EDGAR 3.2FT2000 global inventory, 3% larger than the NEI99 inventory for the United States, and 68% larger than a regional inventory for 2000 for eastern Asia. SCIAMACHY NO2 columns over the North Atlantic show a weak plume from lightning NOx. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Martin, RV (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM randall.martin@dal.ca; csioris@cfa.harvard.edu; kchance@cfa.harvard.edu; thomas.b.ryerson@noaa.gov; tbertram@berkeley.edu; pjwool@socrates.berkeley.edu; cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu; andy.neuman@noaa.gov; ffl@ucar.edu RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 87 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D15 AR D15308 DI 10.1029/2005JD006680 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 074BK UT WOS:000239787000005 ER PT J AU Schafer, BM Pfrommer, C Bartelmann, M Springel, V Hernquist, L AF Schaefer, B. M. Pfrommer, C. Bartelmann, M. Springel, V. Hernquist, L. TI Detecting Sunyaev-Zel'dovich clusters with Planck - I. Construction of all-sky thermal and kinetic SZ maps SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : numerical; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmic microwave background ID HUBBLE VOLUME SIMULATIONS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; HOT GAS; ENERGY; PROBE; COMPTONIZATION AB All-sky thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) maps are presented for assessing how well the Planck mission can find and characterize clusters of galaxies, especially in the presence of primary anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and various Galactic and ecliptic foregrounds. The maps have been constructed from numerical simulations of structure formation in a standard Lambda cold dark matter (Lambda CDM) cosmology and contain all clusters out to redshifts of z = 1.46 with masses exceeding 5 x 10(13) M-circle dot h(-1). By construction, the maps properly account for the evolution of cosmic structure, the halo-halo correlation function, the evolving mass function, halo substructure and adiabatic gas physics. The velocities in the kinetic map correspond to the actual density environment at the cluster positions. We characterize the SZ-cluster sample by measuring the distribution of angular sizes, the integrated thermal and kinetic Comptonizations, the source counts in the three relevant Planck channels, and give the angular power spectra of the SZ sky. While our results are broadly consistent with simple estimates based on scaling relations and spherically symmetric cluster models, some significant differences are seen which may affect the number of cluster detectable by Planck. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schafer, BM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1,Postfach 1317, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM spirou@mpa-garching.mpg.de; pfrommer@mpa-garching.mpg.de; mbartelmann@ita.uni-heidelberg.de; volker@mpa-garching.mpg.de; lars@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 3 BP 1309 EP 1323 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10552.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 067XR UT WOS:000239336400017 ER PT J AU Gallo, E Fender, RP Miller-Jones, JCA Merloni, A Jonker, PG Heinz, S Maccarone, TJ Van der Klis, M AF Gallo, E. Fender, R. P. Miller-Jones, J. C. A. Merloni, A. Jonker, P. G. Heinz, S. Maccarone, T. J. van der Klis, M. TI A radio-emitting outflow in the quiescent state of A0620-00: implications for modelling low-luminosity black hole binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE black hole physics; stars : individual : A0620-00; ISM : jets and outflows; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LOW/HARD STATE; XTE J1118+480; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; TRANSIENT A0620-00; RELATIVISTIC JETS; V404 CYGNI; A-ASTERISK AB Deep observations with the Very Large Array of A0620-00, performed in 2005 August, resulted in the first detection of radio emission from a black hole binary at X-ray luminosities as low as 10(-8.5) times the Eddington limit. The measured radio flux density, of 51 +/- 7 mu Jy at 8.5 GHz, is the lowest reported for an X-ray binary system so far, and is interpreted in terms of partially self-absorbed synchrotron emission from outflowing plasma. Making use of the estimated outer accretion rate of A0620-00 in quiescence, we demonstrate that the outflow kinetic power must be energetically comparable to the total accretion power associated with such rate, if it was to reach the black hole with the standard radiative efficiency of 10 per cent. This favours a model for quiescence in which a radiatively inefficient outflow accounts for a sizable fraction of the missing energy, and, in turn, substantially affects the overall dynamics of the accretion flow. Simultaneous observations in the X-ray band, with Chandra, confirm the validity of a non-linear radio/X-ray correlation for hard state black hole binaries down to low quiescent luminosities, thereby contradicting some theoretical expectations. Taking the mass term into account, the A0620-00 data lie on the extrapolation of the so-called Fundamental Plane of black hole activity, which has thus been extended by more than two orders of magnitude in radio and X-ray luminosity. With the addition of the A0620-00 point, the plane relation provides an empirical proof for the scale invariance of the jet-accretion coupling in accreting black holes over the entire parameter space observable with current instrumentation. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Highfield SO17 1BJ, England. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Natlo Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gallo, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM elena@physics.ucsb.edu RI Miller-Jones, James/B-2411-2013; OI Miller-Jones, James/0000-0003-3124-2814; Heinz, Sebastian/0000-0002-8433-8652 NR 101 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 3 BP 1351 EP 1360 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10560.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 067XR UT WOS:000239336400021 ER PT J AU Sansom, AE O'Sullivan, E Forbes, DA Proctor, RN Davis, DS AF Sansom, A. E. O'Sullivan, E. Forbes, Duncan A. Proctor, R. N. Davis, D. S. TI X-ray observations of three young, early-type galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual : NGC 4382; galaxies : individual : NGC 5363; galaxies : individual : NGC 2865; galaxies : ISM; X-rays : galaxies ID STELLAR POPULATION-MODELS; ROSAT PSPC OBSERVATIONS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE; HOT GAS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; MERGING GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION AB Massive haloes of hot plasma exist around some, but not all elliptical galaxies. There is evidence that this is related to the age of the galaxy. In this paper, new X-ray observations are presented for three early-type galaxies that show evidence of youth, in order to investigate their X-ray components and properties. NGC 5363 and NGC 2865 were found to have X-ray emission dominated by purely discrete stellar sources. Limits are set on the mass distribution in one of the galaxies observed with XMM - Newton, NGC 4382, which contains significant hot gas. We detect the X-ray emission in NGC 4382 out to 4r(e). The mass-to-light ratio is consistent with a stellar origin in the inner regions but rises steadily to values indicative of some dark matter by 4r(e). These results are set in context with other data drawn from the literature, for galaxies with ages estimated from dynamical or spectroscopic indicators. Ages obtained from optical spectroscopy represent central luminosity-weighted stellar ages. We examine the X-ray evolution with age, normalized by B- and K-band luminosities. Low values of Log( L-X/L-B) and Log( L-X/L-K) are found for all galaxies with ages between 1 and 4 Gyr. Luminous X-ray emission only appears in older galaxies. This suggests that the interstellar medium is removed and then it takes several gigayears for hot gas haloes to build up, following a merger. A possible mechanism for gas expulsion might be associated with feedback from an active nucleus triggered during a merger. C1 Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sansom, AE (reprint author), Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. EM AESansom@uclan.ac.uk OI O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 NR 76 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 3 BP 1541 EP 1555 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10577.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 067XR UT WOS:000239336400037 ER PT J AU Nathan, R AF Nathan, Ran TI Long-distance dispersal of plants SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SEED DISPERSAL; COMPETITION; PATTERNS; WIND; CONSEQUENCES; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION; MODELS; LIFE C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, Movement Ecol Lab, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Nathan, R (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, Movement Ecol Lab, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM rnathan@cc.huji.ac.il RI Nathan, Ran/A-9380-2008 NR 33 TC 441 Z9 485 U1 11 U2 171 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5788 BP 786 EP 788 DI 10.1126/science.1124975 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072KC UT WOS:000239671300044 PM 16902126 ER PT J AU Girart, JM Rao, R Marrone, DP AF Girart, Josep M. Rao, Ramprasad Marrone, Daniel P. TI Magnetic fields in the formation of Sun-like stars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORMING REGIONS; NGC-1333 IRAS-4; CLOUD CORES; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; POLARIZATION; OUTFLOW; FRAGMENTATION; EMISSION; ENVELOPE AB We report high-angular-resolution measurements of polarized dust emission toward the low-mass protostellar system NGC 1333 IRAS 4A. We show that in this system the observed magnetic field morphology is in agreement with the standard theoretical models of the formation of Sun-like stars in magnetized molecular clouds at scales of a few hundred astronomical units; gravity has overcome magnetic support, and the magnetic field traces a clear hourglass shape. The magnetic field is substantially more important than turbulence in the evolution of the system, and the initial misalignment of the magnetic and spin axes may have been important in the formation of the binary system. C1 Fac Ciencies, CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Bellaterra 08193, Catalunya, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Girart, JM (reprint author), Fac Ciencies, CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB,Torre C5 Parell 2a, Bellaterra 08193, Catalunya, Spain. EM girart@ieec.uab.es RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014; OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080 NR 29 TC 164 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5788 BP 812 EP 814 DI 10.1126/science.1129093 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072KC UT WOS:000239671300052 PM 16902132 ER PT J AU Suarez-Morales, E De Troch, M Fiers, F AF Suarez-Morales, Eduardo De Troch, Marleen Fiers, Frank TI A checklist of the marine Harpacticoida (Copepoda) of the Caribbean Sea SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE marine biogeography; benthic communities; invertebrate taxonomy ID WEST-INDIAN-ISLANDS; AMSTERDAM EXPEDITIONS; SPECIES COPEPODA; COSTA-RICA; CRUSTACEA; MEIOFAUNA; REVISION; ABUNDANCE; MEXICO; COAST AB Recent surveys on the benthic harpacticoids in the northwestern sector of the Caribbean have called attention to the lack of a list of species of this diverse group in this large tropical basin. A first checklist of the Caribbean harpacticoid copepods is provided herein; it is based on records in the literature and on our own data. Records from the adjacent Bahamas zone were also included. This complete list includes 178 species; the species recorded in the Caribbean and the Bahamas belong to 33 families and 94 genera. Overall, the most speciose family was the Miraciidae ( 27 species), followed by the Laophontidae ( 21), Tisbidae ( 17), and Ameiridae ( 13). Up to 15 harpacticoid families were represented by one or two species only. Excluding the Bahamian records, the number of species recorded herein for the Caribbean Basin is 139. The distribution of the species richness within the Caribbean Basin is asymmetrical; the northwestern sector ( Mexican Caribbean) is the most speciose, it concentrates up to 45% of the species recorded in the Caribbean. The insular Caribbean is nearly as diverse as the continental areas ( 75 vs 83 species recorded, respectively). The dominance of taxa related to coastal systems with coarse and fine sands and carbonate sediments reveals the general trend in the type of habitats surveyed in the Caribbean Sea. Up to 37 species found in the Mexican Caribbean represent new records for this country. There are enormous hiatuses in the knowledge of the Caribbean harpacticoids in terms of geographic, bathymetric, and environmental coverage. It is expected this list will grow rapidly and many undescribed forms will be discovered when understudied or unexplored environments are surveyed in detail. C1 El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Marine Biol Sect, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Invertebrate Sect, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Suarez-Morales, E (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, AP 424, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM esuarez@ecosur-qroo.mx; marleen.detroch@UGent.be; frank.fiers@naturalsciences.be NR 118 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 11 PY 2006 IS 1285 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 072IK UT WOS:000239666900001 ER PT J AU Erb, DK Steidel, CC Shapley, AE Pettini, M Reddy, NA Adelberger, KL AF Erb, Dawn K. Steidel, Charles C. Shapley, Alice E. Pettini, Max Reddy, Naveen A. Adelberger, Kurt L. TI H alpha observations of a large sample of galaxies at z similar to 2: Implications for star formation in high-redshift galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; stars : formation ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; FORMING GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; FORMATION HISTORY; RED GALAXIES; TO 2.5; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; Z-GREATER-THAN-2; ULTRAVIOLET AB Using H alpha spectra of 114 rest-frame UV-selected galaxies at z similar to 2, we compare inferred star formation rates (SFRs) with those determined from the UV continuum luminosity. After correcting for extinction using standard techniques based on the UV continuum slope, we find excellent agreement between the indicators, with < SFRH alpha > = 31 M-circle dot yr(-1) and < SFRUV > 29 M-circle dot yr(-1). The agreement between the indicators suggests that the UV luminosity is attenuated by a typical factor of similar to 4.5 (ranging from no attenuation to a factor of similar to 100 for the most obscured object in the sample), in good agreement with estimates of obscuration from X-ray, radio, and mid-IR data. The H alpha luminosity is attenuated by a factor of similar to 1.7 on average, and the maximum H alpha attenuation is a factor of similar to 5. In agreement with X-ray and mid-IR studies, we find that the SFR increases with increasing stellar mass and at brighter K magnitudes to < SFRH alpha > 60 M-circle dot yr(-1) for galaxies with K-s < 20; the correlation between K magnitude and SFR is much stronger than the correlation between stellar mass and SFR. All galaxies in the sample have SFRs per unit area Sigma SFR in the range observed in local starbursts. We compare the instantaneous SFRs and the past average SFRs as inferred from the ages and stellar masses, finding that for most of the sample, the current SFR is an adequate representation of the past average. There is some evidence that the most massive galaxies (M-star > 10(11) M circle dot) have had higher SFRs in the past. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Erb, DK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 37 TC 268 Z9 268 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1086/505341 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800011 ER PT J AU Kim, E Kim, DW Fabbiano, G Lee, MG Park, HS Geisler, D Dirsch, B AF Kim, Eunhyeuk Kim, Dong-Woo Fabbiano, Giuseppina Lee, Myung Gyoon Park, Hong Soo Geisler, Doug Dirsch, Boris TI Low-mass X-ray binaries in six elliptical galaxies: Connection to globular clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : star clusters; X-rays : binaries ID CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; NGC 4472; WASHINGTON PHOTOMETRY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STELLAR PHOTOMETRY; VIRGO CLUSTER; INNER REGION; SYSTEM; CHANDRA; FIELD AB We present a systematic study of the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) populations of six elliptical galaxies, aimed at investigating the detected LMXB-globular cluster (GC) connection. We utilize Chandra archival data to identify X-ray point sources and HST archival data supplemented by ground observations to identify 6173 GCs. After screening and cross-matching, we associate 209 LMXBs with red GC (RGCs) and 76 LMXBs with blue GCs (BGCs), while we find no optical GC counterpart for 258 LMXBs. This is the largest GC-LMXB sample studied so far. We confirm previous reports suggesting that the fraction of GCs associated with LMXBs is similar to 3 times larger in RGCs than in BGCs, indicating that metallicity is a primary factor in the GC LMXB formation. We find that GCs located near the galaxy center have a higher probability of harboring LMXBs than those in the outskirts, suggesting that there must be another parameter (in addition to metallicity) governing LMXB formation in GCs. This second parameter, dependent on the galactocentric distance, may be a distance dependent encounter rate. We find no significant differences in the shape of X-ray luminosity function, LX/LV distribution, X-ray spectra among RGC, BGC, and field LMXBs. The similarity of the X-ray spectra is inconsistent with the irradiation- induced stellar wind model prediction. The similarity of the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of GC LMXBs and field LMXBs indicates that there is no significant difference in the fraction of black hole binaries present. We cannot either prove or reject the hypothesis that all LMXBs were formed in GCs. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Div, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. RP Kim, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 56 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 276 EP 292 DI 10.1086/505261 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800023 ER PT J AU Brown, WR Geller, MJ Kenyon, SJ Kurtz, MJ AF Brown, Warren R. Geller, Margaret J. Kenyon, Scott J. Kurtz, Michael J. TI Hypervelocity stars. I. The spectroscopic survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual ( Leo A, Draco); Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : stellar content; stars : horizontal branch; white dwarfs ID HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; GALACTIC HALO PROJECT; MILKY-WAY HALO; A-TYPE STARS; LEO-A; WHITE-DWARF; LOCAL GROUP; B-STARS AB We discuss our targeted search for hypervelocity stars (HVSs), stars traveling with velocities so extreme that dynamical ejection from a massive black hole is their only suggested origin. Our survey, now half-complete, has successfully identified a total of four probable HVSs plus a number of other unusual objects. Here we report the two most recently discovered HVSs: SDSS J110557.45+093439.5 and possibly SDSS J113312.12+010824, traveling with Galactic rest-frame velocities at least +508 +/- 12 and +418 +/- 10 km s(-1), respectively. The other late B-type objects in our survey are consistent with a population of post-main-sequence stars or blue stragglers in the Galactic halo, with mean metallicity [Fe/H](Wk) =-1: 3 and velocity dispersion 108 +/- 5 km s(-1). It is interesting to note that the velocity distribution shows a tail of objects with large positive velocities that may be a mix of low-velocity HVSs and high-velocity runaway stars. Our survey also includes a number of DA white dwarfs with unusually red colors, possibly extremely low mass objects. Two of our objects are B supergiants in the Leo A dwarf, providing the first spectroscopic evidence for star formation in this dwarf galaxy within the last similar to 30 Myr. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu; mgeller@cfa.harvard.edu; skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; mkurtz@cfa.harvard.edu RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090; Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 78 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1086/505165 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800025 ER PT J AU Lazendic, JS Slane, PO AF Lazendic, J. S. Slane, P. O. TI Enhanced abundances in three large-diameter mixed-morphology supernova remnants SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (HB 21 [G89.0+4.7]; CTB 1 [G116.9+0.2], HB 3 [G132.7+1.3]); radiation mechanisms : thermal; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID SHOCKED MOLECULAR GAS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; EXCITED MASER EMISSION; FORMED DENSE SHELL; ASCA OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC-CENTER; OH MASERS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; IONIZATION BALANCE; THERMAL CONDUCTION AB We present an X-ray study of three mixed-morphology (MM) supernova remnants (SNRs) - HB 21, CTB 1, and HB 3 - using archival ASCA and ROSAT data. These data are complemented by archival Chandra X-Ray Observatory data for CTB 1 and XMM-Newton X-Ray Observatory data for HB 3. The spectra from HB 21 and HB 3 are well described with a single-temperature thermal plasma in ionization equilibrium, while a two-temperature thermal plasma is found in CTB 1. We found enhanced abundances in all three SNRs. The elemental abundance of Mg is clearly enhanced in CTB 1, while HB 21 has enhanced abundances of Si and S. The situation is not as clear in HB 3 - the plasma in this SNR either has significantly enhanced abundances of O, Ne, and Mg, or has marginally enhanced abundances of Mg and underabundant Fe. We discuss the plausibility of mixed-morphology SNR models for the three SNRs, and the presence of enhanced abundances. We revise a list of MM SNRs and their properties, compare the three SNRs studied here with other members of this class, and discuss the presence of enhanced elemental abundances in MM SNRs. We also report the ASCA detection of a compact source in the southern part of HB 3. The source spectrum is consistent with a power law with a photon index of similar to 2.7, and an unabsorbed X-ray flux of similar to 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.5-10.0 keV band. The column density toward this source differs from that toward the SNR, and it is therefore unlikely that they are related. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lazendic, JS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jasmina@space.mit.edu NR 83 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 350 EP 366 DI 10.1086/505380 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800028 ER PT J AU Monnier, JD Berger, JP Millan-Gabet, R Traub, WA Schloerb, FP Pedretti, E Benisty, M Carleton, NP Haguenauer, P Kern, P Labeye, P Lacasse, MG Malbet, F Perraut, K Pearlman, M Zhao, M AF Monnier, J. D. Berger, J. -P. Millan-Gabet, R. Traub, W. A. Schloerb, F. P. Pedretti, E. Benisty, M. Carleton, N. P. Haguenauer, P. Kern, P. Labeye, P. Lacasse, M. G. Malbet, F. Perraut, K. Pearlman, M. Zhao, M. TI Few skewed disks found in first closure-phase survey of herbig Ae/Be stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : spectroscopic; instrumentation : interferometers; stars : individual (AB Aur, HD 45677, HD 144432; MWC 166, MWC 275, MWC 297, MWC 342, MWC 361; MWC 480, MWC 614, MWC 863, MWC 1080, RY Tau; v1295 Aql); stars : pre-main-sequence; techniques : interferometric ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; KECK INTERFEROMETER OBSERVATIONS; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; OPTICAL INTERFEROMETRY; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; ACCRETION DISKS AB Using the three-telescope IOTA interferometer on Mount Hopkins, we report results from the first near-infrared (lambda = 1.65 mu m) closure-phase survey of young stellar objects (YSOs). These closure phases allow us to unambiguously detect departures from centrosymmetry (i.e., skew) in the emission pattern from YSO disks on the scale of similar to 4 mas, expected from generic "flared disk'' models. Six of 14 targets showed small, yet statistically significant nonzero closure phases, with largest values from the young binary system MWC 361-A and the (pre-main-sequence?) Be star HD 45677. Our observations are quite sensitive to the vertical structure of the inner disk, and we confront the predictions of the "puffed-up inner wall'' models of Dullemond, Dominik, & Natta (DDN). Our data support disk models with curved inner rims because the expected emission appears symmetrically distributed around the star over a wide range of inclination angles. In contrast, our results are incompatible with the models possessing vertical inner walls because they predict extreme skewness (i.e., large closure phases) from the near-IR disk emission that is not seen in our data. In addition, we also present the discovery of mysterious H-band "halos'' (similar to 5%-10% of light on scales 0."01-0."50) around a few objects, a preliminary "parametric imaging'' study for HD 45677, and the first astrometric orbit for the young binary MWC 361-A. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Alcatel Space Ind, Cannes, France. CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France. RP Monnier, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 941 Dennison Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM monnier@umich.edu NR 101 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 444 EP 463 DI 10.1086/505340 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800038 ER PT J AU Biller, BA Close, LM Li, A Marengo, M Bieging, JH Hinz, PM Hoffmann, WF Brusa, G Miller, D AF Biller, Beth A. Close, Laird M. Li, Aigen Marengo, Massimo Bieging, John H. Hinz, Phil M. Hoffmann, William F. Brusa, Guido Miller, Doug TI Resolving the dusty circumstellar structure of the enigmatic symbiotic star CH cygni with the mmt adaptive optics system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; instrumentation : adaptive optics; stars : evolution; stars : formation ID ACTIVE PHASE; OUTFLOW; JET; ENVELOPE; DISK AB We imaged the symbiotic star CH Cyg and two PSF calibration stars using the unique 6.5 m MMT deformable secondary adaptive optics system. Our high-resolution (FWHM = 0."3), very high Strehl (98% +/- 2%), mid-infrared (9.8 and 11.7 mu m) images of CH Cyg allow us to probe finer length scales than ever before for this object. CH Cyg is significantly extended compared to our unresolved PSF calibration stars (mu UMa and alpha Her) at 9.8 and 11.7 mu m. We estimated the size of the extension by convolving a number of simple Gaussian models with the mu UMa PSF and determining which model provided the best fit to the data. Adopting the Hipparcos distance for this object of 270 pc, we found a nearly Gaussian extension with a FWHM at 9.8 mu m of similar to 40.5 +/- 2.7 AU (0."15 +/- 0."01) and a FWHM at 11.7 mu m of 45.9 +/- 2.7 AU (0."17 +/- 0."01). After subtracting out the Gaussian component of the emission (convolved with our PSF), we found a faint similar to 0."7 asymmetric extension, which peaks in flux similar to 0."5 north of the stars. This extension is roughly coincident with the northern knotlike feature seen in HST WFPC2 images obtained in 1999. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Biller, BA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM bbiller@as.arizona.edu OI Biller, Beth/0000-0003-4614-7035 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1086/505194 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800039 ER PT J AU Rybicki, GB AF Rybicki, George B. TI Improved Fokker-Planck equation for resonance-line scattering SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; cosmology : theory; radiation mechanisms : general; radiative transfer ID HIGH-REDSHIFT; 21-CM LINE; RADIATION; HYDROGEN; RECOMBINATION; EXCITATION; UNIVERSE AB A new Fokker-Planck equation is developed for treating resonance-line scattering, which is especially relevant to the treatment of Ly alpha in the early universe. It is a "corrected'' form of the equation of Rybicki & Dell' Antonio that now obeys detailed balance, so the approach to thermal equilibrium is properly described. The new equation takes into account the energy changes due to scattering off moving particles, the recoil term of Basko, and stimulated scattering. One result is a surprising unification of the equation for resonance-line scattering and the Kompaneets equation. An improved energy exchange formula due to resonance-line scattering is derived. This formula is compared to previous formulas of Madau and coworkers and Chen & Miralda-Escude. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rybicki, GB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM grybicki@cfa.harvard.edu NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.1086/505327 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800063 ER PT J AU Neufeld, DA Green, JD Hollenbach, DJ Sonnentrucker, P Melnick, GJ Bergin, EA Snell, RL Forrest, WJ Watson, DM Kaufman, MJ AF Neufeld, David A. Green, Joel D. Hollenbach, David J. Sonnentrucker, Paule Melnick, Gary J. Bergin, Edwin A. Snell, Ronald L. Forrest, William J. Watson, Dan M. Kaufman, Michael J. TI Spitzer observations of hydrogen deuteride SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; molecular processes ID ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ROVIBRATIONAL EXCITATION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; MILKY-WAY; HD; OXYGEN; RATIO; ABSORPTION; DEPLETION AB We report the detection of interstellar hydrogen deuteride (HD) toward the supernova remnant IC 443, and the tentative detection of HD toward the Herbig-Haro objects HH 54 and HH 7 and the star-forming region GGD 37 (Cep A West). Our detections are based upon spectral line mapping observations of the R(3) and R(4) rotational lines of HD, at rest wavelengths of 28.502 and 23.034 mu m, respectively, obtained using the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The HD R(4)/R(3) line intensity ratio promises to be a valuable probe of the gas pressure in regions where it can be observed. The derived HD/H2 abundance ratios are (1.19(-0.24)(+0.35)) x 10(-5), (1.80(-0.32)(+0.54)) x 10(-5), and (1.41(-0.33)(+0.46)) x 10(-5), respectively (68.3% confidence limits, based upon statistical errors alone) for IC 443 (clump C), HH 54, and HH 7. If HD is the only significant reservoir of gas-phase deuterium in these sources, the inferred HD/H-2 ratios are all consistent with a gas-phase elemental abundance [n(D)/n(H)](gas) similar to 7.5 x 10(-6), a factor of 2-3 below the values obtained previously from observations of atomic deuterium in the Local Bubble and the Galactic halo. However, similarly low gas-phase deuterium abundances have been inferred previously for molecular gas clouds in the Orion region and in atomic clouds along sight lines within the Galactic disk to stars more distant than 500 pc from the Sun. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Neufeld, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/507130 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BQ UT WOS:000239648000009 ER PT J AU Gurkan, Z Zhang, JJ Jorgensen, SE AF Gurkan, Zeren Zhang, Jinjie Jorgensen, Sven Erik TI Development of a structurally dynamic model for forecasting the effects of restoration of Lake Fure, Denmark SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE PAMOLARE I; structurally dynamic model; eutrophication management; lake restoration; aeration; biomanipulation ID EXERGY; CALIBRATION; MOGAN AB A structurally dynamic model based on the UNEP software PAMOLARE I [Jorgensen, S.E., Tsuno, H., Hidaka, T., Mahler, H., Santiago V., 2003. PAMOLARE I Training Package, Planning and Management of Lakes and Reservoirs: Models for Eutrophication Management. UNEP-DTIE-IETC and ILEC, 1091 Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, Japan], was developed for Lake Fure situated 12-17 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The model was calibrated and validated against two years data from 2001 and 2002, respectively. Furthermore, the model was applied for examining the effects of an ongoing restoration project in the lake by testing three different prognosis scenarios: (1) aeration of the hypolimnion, (2) biomanipulation by removing the trash fish from the lake, (3) two processes described in the two scenarios were applied simultaneously. The calibration yielded acceptable results with a standard deviation (S.D.) of less than 45% for the phytoplankton abundance considered as the most important state variable in the model. The validation results were acceptable for the key state variable, phytoplankton abundance, compared to the observations. Thus, the model was applied to set up prognoses and the results from the prognoses showed that a major improvement in the water quality of the lake might be expected with a significant reduction in the phytoplankton abundance land in the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in 10 years as expected from the restoration project in the lake. Moreover, the model suggested that the combined application of biomanipulation and aeration practices described in Scenario 3 was the most effective among the three restoration scenarios tested, in obtaining a significant reduction in both phytoplankton abundance and the concentration of TP in the lake. The validation of prognoses is possible when data are available on the development of the lake's status at later stages of the restoration project and after. The lower confidence in data possibly resulted in the high discrepancy from the observations in the validation simulations for zooplankton, the peak values of cyanobacteria, and the timing of phytoplankton, zooplankton and cyanobacteria in the calibration and validation simulations. These have to be taken into account during evaluating the results from the model for the management of the lake. It is recommended that an improved predictive model based on the one presented in this paper is developed due to the explained limitations in the current model developed in this study. It is also suggested that such a model is incorporated into monitoring of the lake's status for a better-informed decision-making in the management of Lake Fure in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Freshwater Biol Lab, DK-3400 Hillerod, Denmark. Danish Univ Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, DFH, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Zhang, JJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Phytoplankton Ecol Lab, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM zhangj@si.edu NR 43 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 197 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.006 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072OU UT WOS:000239683500008 ER PT J AU Keller, JK Bauers, AK Bridgham, SD Kellogg, LE Iversen, CM AF Keller, Jason K. Bauers, Angela K. Bridgham, Scott D. Kellogg, Laurie E. Iversen, Colleen M. TI Nutrient control of microbial carbon cycling along an ombrotrophic-minerotrophic peatland gradient SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPHAGNUM-DOMINATED PEATLANDS; SOUTHERN BOREAL ALBERTA; METHANE OXIDATION; NORTHERN WETLANDS; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MINNESOTA PEATLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; FOREST SOILS AB Future climate change and other anthropogenic activities are likely to increase nutrient availability in many peatlands, and it is important to understand how these additional nutrients will influence peatland carbon cycling. We investigated the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on aerobic CH4 oxidation, anaerobic carbon mineralization ( as CO2 and CH4 production), and anaerobic nutrient mineralization in a bog, an intermediate fen, and a rich fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We utilized a 5-week laboratory nutrient amendment experiment in conjunction with a 6-year field nutrient fertilization experiment to consider how the relative response to nitrogen and phosphorus differed among these wetlands over the short and long term. Field fertilizations generally increased nutrient availability in the upper 15 cm of peat and resulted in shifts in the vegetation community in each peatland. High nitrogen concentrations inhibited CH4 oxidation in bog peat during short-term incubations; however, long-term fertilization with lower concentrations of nitrogen stimulated rates of CH4 oxidation in bog peat. In contrast, no nitrogen effects on CH4 oxidation were observed in the intermediate or rich fen peat. Anaerobic carbon mineralization in bog peat was consistently inhibited by increased phosphorus availability, but similar phosphorus additions had few effects in the intermediate fen and stimulated CH4 production and nutrient mineralization in the rich fen. Our results demonstrate that nitrogen and phosphorus are important controls of peatland microbial carbon cycling; however, the role of these nutrients can differ over the short and long term and is strongly mediated by peatland type. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Keller, JK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM kellerj@si.edu; lkellogg@ou.edu; civersen@utk.edu RI Iversen, Colleen/B-8983-2012 NR 84 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G3 AR G03006 DI 10.1029/2005JG000152 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090YU UT WOS:000240993000001 ER PT J AU O'Dea, A AF O'Dea, Aaron TI Asexual propagation in the marine bryozoan Cupuladria exfragminis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asexual propagation; autofragmentation; Bryozoa; cupuladriid; regeneration; upwelling ID COLONY MULTIPLICATION; CLONAL REPRODUCTION; TROPICAL AMERICA; GORGONIAN CORAL; SOFT CORAL; PANAMA; FRAGMENTATION; ISTHMUS; TEMPERATURE; STRATEGIES AB Colonies of the free-living bryozoan Cupuladria exfragminis [Herrera-Cubilla, A., Dick, M.H., Sanner, J., Jackson, J.B.C., 2006. Neogene Cupuladriidae of Tropical America. L. Taxonomy of Recent Cupuladria from opposite sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Journal of Paleontology. 80, 245-263.] from the Gulf of Panama are observed to separate into viable fragments without external force. The process, termed autofragmentation, involves the development of distinctive morphologies designed to assist in colony division. Culturing C. exfragminis shows that fragments that are a consequence of autofragmentation are significantly better able to regenerate than fragments originating from mechanical fragmentation. However, the relative importance of auto- versus mechanical fragmentation in natural populations remains unknown. Autofragmentation in C. exfragminis is found to be stimulated by cooling waters, and analysis of growth in natural populations demonstrates that colonies undergo periodic fragmentation coincident with lowered water temperatures during seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panama. These observations suggest that C. exfragminis uses the drop in temperature that occurs during upwelling as a cue to indicate times of increased food availability which may assist in the successful regeneration of fragments. These results are discussed in the context of the morphological, ecological and evolutionary significance of autofragmentation as a method of asexual propagation in cupuladriids. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP O'Dea, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM odeaa@si.edu RI O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 335 IS 2 BP 312 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.04.002 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 066MA UT WOS:000239232500015 ER PT J AU Young, AJ Carlson, AA Monfort, SL Russell, AF Bennett, NC Clutton-Brock, T AF Young, Andrew J. Carlson, Anne A. Monfort, Steven L. Russell, Andrew F. Bennett, Nigel C. Clutton-Brock, Tim TI Stress and the suppression of subordinate reproduction in cooperatively breeding meerkats SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cooperative breeding; dominant control; physiological; reproductive restraint; reproductive skew ID SURICATA-SURICATTA; HORMONES; MECHANISMS; DOMINANCE; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS; MAMMALS; MONKEYS AB In many animal societies, dominant individuals monopolize reproduction, but the tactics they employ to achieve this are poorly understood. One possibility is that aggressive dominants render their subordinates infertile by inducing chronic physiological "stress." However, this hypothesis has been discarded largely for cooperatively breeding species, where reproductive monopolies are often extreme. Here we provide strong support for the stress-related suppression hypothesis in a cooperative mammal, the meerkat (Suricata suricatta). When pregnant, dominant females subject some subordinate females to escalating aggression, culminating in temporary evictions from the group. While evicted, subordinate females suffer chronic elevation of their glucocorticoid adrenal hormone levels, reproductive down-regulation (reduced pituitary sensitivity to gonadotropin-releasing hormone), reduced conception rates, and increased abortion rates. Rather than constantly harassing all subordinate females, dominants only become aggressive when pregnant themselves (when subordinate reproduction would otherwise conflict with their own) and target those females with whom reproductive conflict is most likely (older, pregnant, and more distantly related females). Our findings suggest that dominant female meerkats employ stressful evictions to suppress reproduction among their probable competitors, when attempting to breed themselves. Given the lack of evidence for stress-related suppression in other cooperative breeders to date, it is clear that social stress alone cannot account for the reproductive failure of subordinates across such societies. However, our findings raise the possibility that, in some cooperative breeders at least, dominants may employ stress-related suppression as a backup mechanism to guard against lapses in reproductive restraint by their subordinates. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Young, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM ajy20@cam.ac.uk RI Bennett, Nigel/E-4238-2010 OI Bennett, Nigel/0000-0001-9748-2947 NR 30 TC 148 Z9 150 U1 10 U2 104 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 32 BP 12005 EP 12010 DI 10.1073/pnas.0510038103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072VU UT WOS:000239701900034 PM 16894179 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI Nomenclatural validation of three North American species of Heliothinae (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and the adult description of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE new species; Schinia; Heliolonche; redescription ID COMPLEX AB Article 13.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature states that names published after 1930 must have a description that defines and differentiates the taxon with characters. Three species of Heliothinae described by Hardwick ( 1996) are not in conformance with this Article; thus, they are nomina nuda. The following species are validated by descriptions and illustrations of the adult and genitalia: Schinia angulilinea new species (= S. arizonensis Hardwick), S. maculata new species (= S. blanca Hardwick), and S. erythrias new species (= S. pulchra Hardwick). The adult of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick is described, along with illustrations of the adult and genitalia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 7 PY 2006 IS 1283 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 072II UT WOS:000239666700002 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, RC Walter, CW Dumitriu, I Gibson, ND Ackerman, GD Bozek, JD Rude, BS Santra, R Cederbaum, LS Berrah, N AF Bilodeau, R. C. Walter, C. W. Dumitriu, I. Gibson, N. D. Ackerman, G. D. Bozek, J. D. Rude, B. S. Santra, R. Cederbaum, L. S. Berrah, N. TI Photo double detachment of CN-: Electronic decay from an inner-valence hole in molecular anions SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NEGATIVE-IONS; CO; PHOTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; SHELL; PHOTODETACHMENT; FRAGMENTATION; RESONANCES AB The first measurements of inner-valence photodetachment from a molecular negative ion are presented. Experimental and theoretical studies of CN- photodetachment around the 2-electron threshold (25-90 eV) are reported. Included are measured absolute cross sections for CN+ production by photo double detachment of CN-, and for C+ and N+ fragments produced from the dissociation of the excited molecule. The measurements also reveal the signature of inner-valence autoionization, similar to the interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) phenomenon. This work confirms the predicted effect, which should in general be present for molecular anions, even in very small molecules. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Chem Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Bilodeau, RC (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM rcbilodeau@lbl.gov RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 426 IS 4-6 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.05.127 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 070WB UT WOS:000239555500001 ER PT J AU Carrano, MT Velez-Juarbe, J AF Carrano, Matthew T. Velez-Juarbe, Jorge TI Paleoecology of the Quarry 9 vertebrate assemblage from Como Bluff Wyoming (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dinosaurs; paleoenviroment; taphonomy; food web; mammals ID MESOZOIC MAMMALIA; TAPHONOMY; CLIMATE AB Quarry 9 is among the richest microvertebrate localities in the Morrison Formation, having thus far produced the remains of dozens of Late Jurassic taxa. Because this lenticular claystone deposit records such a high diversity of contemporaneous species, it provides an exceptionally detailed view of their paleoecology and local paleoenvironment. In this study, we reexamined the entire Quarry 9 collection, totaling more than 3700 specimens, and developed a revised faunal list that was used to determine taxonomic and ecological diversities. Comprehensive abundance data were collected as well, revealing significant discrepancies between the most diverse and most abundant groups. Amphibious taxa (crocodilians and turtles) were very abundant, and seemed to fill an important ecological role as "connectors" between the terrestrial and aquatic food webs. In contrast, small terrestrial taxa (small theropods, mammals, and small reptiles) were very diverse, highlighting their central placement within the terrestrial food web. Lithologically and sedimentologically, the deposition of Quarry 9 occurred in a low-energy pond or swamp, an interpretation supported by the available taphonomic data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Geol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Carrano, MT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carranom@si.edu; jorgefossilhunter@hotmail.com RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 237 IS 2-4 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.018 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 072KP UT WOS:000239672600003 ER PT J AU Padial, JM McDiarmid, R De La Riva, I AF Padial, Jose M. McDiarmid, Roy De La Riva, Ignacio TI Distribution and morphological variation of Eleutherodactylus mercedesae Lynch & McDiarmid, 1987 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) with first record for Peru SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Eleutherodactylus mercedesae; Anura; Leptodactylidae; Bolivia; Peru; distribution; variation ID BOLIVIA AB We report new distributional information for Eleutherodactylus mercedesae in Bolivia, and provide the first record for Peru based on an adult female. This species, previously endemic to Bolivia, now ranges across about 1000 km in cloud forests on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes from southern Peru to central Bolivia. We provide the first morphological description of females based on two specimens, compare them with the male type and paratype, add some observations to the original description, and comment on variation in the species. C1 CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP De La Riva, I (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM iriva@mncn.csic.es NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 3 PY 2006 IS 1278 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069QK UT WOS:000239463100002 ER PT J AU Padial, JM Reichle, S McDiarmid, R De La Riva, I AF Padial, Jose M. Reichle, Steffen McDiarmid, Roy De La Riva, Ignacio TI A new species of arboreal toad (Anura : Bufonidae : Chaunus) from Madidi National Park, Bolivia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Anura; Bufonidae; Chaunus veraguensis group; Bolivia; Andes; humid montane forest; new species ID BUFO ANURA; CLOUD FORESTS; PERU; LEPTODACTYLIDAE AB A new arboreal species of the Chaunus veraguensis group is described for the humid montane forest of Madidi National Park, in northern Bolivia. The new species differs from other species in the group by the combination small size, long and slender extremities, webbed hands, conspicuous tympanic membrane, well developed parotoid glands, absence of large glands on dorsum and extremities, nuptial excrescences of males composed of pungent spines on dorsal surface of thumb, greenish-brown coloration on dorsum with red warts in life, and green iris. It is only known from two nearby localities in the Serran Eslabon, Department La Paz. An operational key for species in the C. veraguensis group is provided. C1 CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Forsch Museum Alexander Koenig, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP De La Riva, I (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM iriva@mncn.csic.es NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 3 PY 2006 IS 1278 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069QK UT WOS:000239463100003 ER PT J AU Lokvam, J Brenes-Arguedas, T Lee, JS Coley, PD Kursar, TA AF Lokvam, John Brenes-Arguedas, Tania Lee, J. Scott Coley, Phyllis D. Kursar, Thomas A. TI Allelochemic function for a primary metabolite: the case of L-tyrosine hyper-production in Inga umbellifera (Fabaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE 5-amino-4-hydroxy-pentanoic acid; Barro Colorado Island; chemical defense; Fabaccae; Inga umbellifera; Panama; primary metabolite; tyrosine ID YOUNG LEAVES; AMINO-ACIDS; HERBIVORY; DEFENSES; PLANTS AB Young leaves of tropical forest trees experience far higher herbivory pressure than mature leaves of the same species. Selection on young leaves has led to diverse forms of defense chemical expression. Though most allelochemicals are secondary metabolites, allelochemic function for a primary metabolite remains a possibility. We recently observed this phenomenon in the young leaves of Inga umbellifera, which accumulate the protein amino acid L-tyrosine to very high levels. We isolated L-tyrosine from young leaves of trees in Panama and characterized it using spectroscopic and chemical means. We chromatographically quantified leaf L-tyrosine levels across a range of developmental stages, showing that it was present in the youngest leaves and that its concentration increased throughout the period of expansion, reaching an average maximum of ca 10% of leaf dry mass in late-stage young leaves. This chemical phenotype was seen to be highly leaf-age specific: Free tyrosine was only present in mature leaves at very low levels. In bioassays with larvae of the noctuid moth H. virescens, L-tyrosine proved to be a potent growth inhibitor when added to artificial diet at 10% of dry mass. This suggests that a rarely observed defense strategy occurs in young L umbellifera leaves, a hyper-produced primary metabolite functioning as an allelochemical. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Lokvam, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM lokvam@biology.utah.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1109 EP 1115 DI 10.3732/ajb.93.8.1109 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077ZF UT WOS:000240069700004 PM 21642176 ER PT J AU Mulhern, DM Wilczak, CA Dudar, JC AF Mulhern, Dawn M. Wilczak, Cynthia A. Dudar, J. Christopher TI Brief communication: Unusual finding at Pueblo Bonito: Multiple cases of hyperostosis frontalis interna SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperostosis cranii; Chaco Canyon; New Mexico; frontal bone ID MICROEVOLUTION AB Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a disease characterized by excess bone growth on the internal lamina of the frontal bone and, occasionally, other cranial bones. Although the disease is fairly common in modern populations, its etiology is poorly understood. Hyperostosis frontalis interna has been identified in antiquity, primarily in the Old World, but with a much lower frequency than in modern groups. The purpose of the present study is to report multiple cases of HFI at Pueblo Bonito (Chaco Canyon, New Mexico). Twelve out of 37 adults with observable frontal bones exhibited HFI, ranging from mild to severe, including 11 females and one male. This is the first published case report of HFI in archaeological remains from the New World having a frequency comparable with modern groups. Most archaeological cases of HFI are isolated, so comparative data for multiple cases at one site are rare. The results of this study emphasize the importance of looking for HFI in archaeological remains, although it is rarely observed. Possible genetic and environmental factors for the high frequency of HFI at Chaco Canyon are considered, but additional research is needed to discover the etiology and to better understand why HFI sometimes occurs at modern frequencies in ancient populations. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anthropol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mulhern, DM (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, MRC 112,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mulhernd@si.edu OI Wilczak, Cynthia/0000-0003-3224-255X NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 130 IS 4 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20396 PG 5 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 065JX UT WOS:000239157300008 PM 16444722 ER PT J AU Raboy, BE Saraiva, NA Cardoso, N Neves, LG Santos, GR Ballou, J Leimgruber, P AF Raboy, B. E. Saraiva, N. A. Cardoso, N. Neves, L. G. Santos, G. R. Ballou, J. Leimgruber, P. TI The effect of habitat fragmentation on golden-headed lion tamarin presence in Southern Bahia, Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 5 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400006 ER PT J AU Power, ML Bowman, ME Smiths, R Layne, DG Ziegler, TE Tardif, SD Schulkin, J AF Power, M. L. Bowman, M. E. Smiths, R. Layne, D. G. Ziegler, T. E. Tardif, S. D. Schulkin, J. TI Expression and function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) in anthropoid primate placenta SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. John Hunter Hosp, Hunter Med Res Inst, Mothers & Babies Res Ctr, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Natl Primate Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 20 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400021 ER PT J AU Raboyl, BE Canale, GR Dietz, JM AF Raboyl, B. E. Canale, G. R. Dietz, J. M. TI Ecology, behavior, and conservation status of the wied's black tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix kuhli) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 74 BP 65 EP 66 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400075 ER PT J AU Milligan, LA Rapoport, SI Bazinet, RP AF Milligan, L. A. Rapoport, S. I. Bazinet, R. P. TI Fatty acid profiles of anthropoid primate milk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Natl Lab, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 79 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400080 ER PT J AU Power, ML AF Power, M. L. TI Sources of variation in milk composition: Phylogeny, life history, and maternal condition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0275-2565 EI 1098-2345 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 205 BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400205 ER PT J AU Power, ML AF Power, M. L. TI Sources of variation in milk composition: Phylogeny, life history, and maternal condition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0275-2565 EI 1098-2345 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 206 BP 130 EP 131 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400206 ER PT J AU Milligan, LA Power, ML Oftedal, OT AF Milligan, L. A. Power, M. L. Oftedal, O. T. TI A phylogenetic comparison of anthropoid primate milk composition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 208 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400208 ER PT J AU Power, M Tilden, CD Oftedal, OT AF Power, M. Tilden, C. D. Oftedal, O. T. TI Patterns of milk composition in prosimian primates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Anthropol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 207 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400207 ER PT J AU Hinde, K AF Hinde, K. TI Lactational performance in primiparous and multiparous rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 209 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400209 ER PT J AU Tardif, SD Power, ML Oftedal, OT AF Tardif, S. D. Power, M. L. Oftedal, O. T. TI Variability in the composition of milk of common marmosets: Effects of maternal size, litter size and energy balance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 SU 1 MA 210 BP 132 EP 133 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069NV UT WOS:000239456400210 ER PT J AU Bahnck, CM Fonseca, DM AF Bahnck, Carolyn M. Fonseca, Dina M. TI Rapid assay to identify the two genetic forms of Culex (Culex) pipiens L. (Diptera : Culicidae) and hybrid populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; VECTORS; MEMBERS AB A previously developed method to identify members of the Culex pipiens complex exploiting polymorphisms in a nuclear intron (acetyleholinesterase [ACE] based-assay) cannot differentiate the two forms of Cx. pipiens: form pipiens and form molestus. Notably, the two forms seem to differ extensively in behavior and physiology and likely have very different epidemiologic importance. Because they are morphologically indistinguishable, molecular methods are critical for the evaluation of their relative importance. Although the two forms of Cx. pipiens have been distinguished using a panel of microsatellite loci, such a protocol is laborious and expensive. We developed a rapid assay based on polymorphisms in the flanking region of a microsatellite locus. Used in conjunction with the ACE-assay, this new assay allows the identification of pure and hybrid populations of the two Cx. pipiens forms as well as those including Cx. quinquefasciatus. We discuss the usefulness of the method as well as limitations to its application. C1 Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 1900 Ben Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM fonseca@acnatsci.org OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM063258]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU220532] NR 22 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 072ND UT WOS:000239679200012 PM 16896127 ER PT J AU Peretti, A Eberhard, WG Briceno, RD AF Peretti, Alfredo Eberhard, William G. Briceno, R. Daniel TI Copulatory dialogue: female spiders sing during copulation to influence male genitalic movements SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID PHOLCID SPIDERS; MATING-BEHAVIOR; SPERM TRANSFER; ARANEAE; CHOICE; COURTSHIP; MECHANISM; MORPHOLOGY; BEETLES; INSECTS AB Female behaviour during copulation that could function as communication with the male is probably more common than previously appreciated, but its functional significance remains little studied. Stridulation during copulation by the female of the spider Physocylus globosus (Taczanowski, 1873), documented here for the first time, is common and noncoercive, thus permitting simple tests regarding its possible function. Males squeezed females rhythmically with their enlarged, powerful genitalia throughout copulation, and more male genitalic squeezes were associated with increased paternity when females mated with two males. Contextual associations suggest that female stridulation represents attempts to induce the male to interrupt genitalic squeezes: female stridulation was more common when the male was squeezing her; females were more likely to stridulate when individual male squeezes were longer, and when the male had not responded to a previous stridulation by loosening a squeeze; females were more likely to refrain from stridulating when the male loosened a squeeze; males were more likely to loosen squeezes when the female stridulated; and female stridulation was associated with rejection of males in other contexts. Males that responded to female stridulation more consistently by loosening their squeezes obtained greater paternity. Possible female communicatory behaviour during copulation is known in other species. Future attention to female as well as to male behaviour, and to possible dialogues during copulation, promises to be valuable in understanding sexual interactions. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Catedra Divers Anim I, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM archisepsis@biologia.ucr.ac.cr NR 43 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.01.014 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 079ZV UT WOS:000240217300017 ER PT J AU Collins, CW Songsasen, N Monfort, SL Bush, M Wolfe, B James, SB Wildt, DE Pukazhenthi, BS AF Collins, C. W. Songsasen, N. Monfort, S. L. Bush, M. Wolfe, B. James, S. B. Wildt, D. E. Pukazhenthi, B. S. TI Seminal traits in the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) following electroejaculation SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Equine Reproduction CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Kerkrade, NETHERLANDS SP West Coast Equine Reproduct Symp, Intervet Int BV, Hagyard-Davidson-McGee Associates PLLC, Greenwood Ellis & Partners Equine Vet Surg, Minitib GmBH, Rossdale & Partners Vet Surg, Anim Reproduct Syst, Pie Med Equipment BV, BioRelease Technol LLC, Bioniche Anim Hlth Ltd, IMV Technol, Select Breeders Serv Europe, Dierenkliniek De Lingehoeve C1 The Wilds, Cumberland, OH 43732 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 14060 USA. Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM collinswc@si.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.03.048 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 069TY UT WOS:000239472400014 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, JL Bowen, DV Tripp, TM Brinks, E AF Rosenberg, Jessica L. Bowen, David V. Tripp, Todd M. Brinks, Elias TI The nearby damped Ly alpha absorber SBS 1543+593: A large HI envelope in a gas-rich galaxy group SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (SBS 1543+593,MCG+10-22-038); galaxies : structure; quasars : absorption lines; radio lines : galaxies ID SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; DWARF GALAXIES; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; GALACTIC DISKS; SBS 1543+593; SYSTEMS; ABUNDANCES; SPECTROSCOPY; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION AB We present a Very Large Array H (I) 21 cm map and optical observations of the region around one of the nearest damped Ly alpha absorbers beyond the Local Group, SBS 1543 + 593. Two previously uncataloged galaxies have been discovered, and a redshift has been determined for a third. All three of these galaxies are at the redshift of SBS 1543 + 593 and are less than or similar to 185 kpc from the damped Ly alpha absorber. We discuss the H (I) and optical properties of SBS 1543 + 593 and its newly identified neighbors. Both SBS 1543 + 593 and RBTB 154542.8 + 591132 have baryonic components that are dominated by neutral gas - unusual for damped Ly alpha absorbers, for which only similar to 5% of the H (I) cross section originates in such strongly gas-dominated systems. What remains unknown is whether low-mass gas-rich groups are common surrounding gas-rich galaxies in the local universe and whether the low star formation rate in these systems is indicative of a young system or a stable, slowly evolving system. We discuss these evolutionary scenarios and future prospects for answering these questions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ, Astrophys Sci Dept, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Rosenberg, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 478 EP 488 DI 10.1086/505047 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072WA UT WOS:000239702500003 ER PT J AU Barmby, P Kuntz, KD Huchra, JP Brodie, JP AF Barmby, P. Kuntz, K. D. Huchra, J. P. Brodie, J. P. TI Hubble Space Telescope observations of star clusters in M101 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual ( M101); galaxies : spiral; galaxies : star clusters ID SCALE KEY PROJECT; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPIRAL GALAXIES; ADVANCED CAMERA; MILKY-WAY; SYSTEMS; FIELD; M31; IDENTIFICATION AB Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images are used to identify and study star cluster candidates in the nearby spiral galaxy M101. About 3000 round, slightly resolved cluster candidates are identified in 10 ACS pointings covering an area of 106 arcmin(2). The cluster candidates' color and size distributions are consistent with those of star clusters in other nearby spirals. The majority of the M101 candidates are blue and more likely to be associated with the galaxy's spiral arms, implying that they are young. The galaxy-luminosity-normalized number of young massive clusters in M101 is similar to that found in other spirals, as is the cluster density at a fiducial absolute magnitude. We confirm a previous finding that M101 has a large number of faint red star clusters: if these are old globular clusters, then this galaxy has a very large globular cluster population. More plausible is that the faint red clusters are reddened young clusters; their colors and luminosities are also consistent with this explanation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Henry A Rowland Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Explorat Universe Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barmby, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pbarmby@cfa.harvard.edu RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 883 EP 890 DI 10.1086/505689 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072WA UT WOS:000239702500036 ER PT J AU Massaro, F Bianchi, S Matt, G D'Onofrio, E Nicastro, F AF Massaro, F. Bianchi, S. Matt, G. D'Onofrio, E. Nicastro, F. TI The properties of the circumnuclear regions in the Circinus galaxy SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : seyfert; X-rays : individuals : Circinus Galaxy ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; MASER EMISSION; LINE COMPLEX; XMM-NEWTON; NGC-1068; CHANDRA; IRON AB We analysed the spectra from the XMM-Newton and the three longest Chandra observations of the Circinus Galaxy, the X-ray brightest, Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxy, to derive the physical and morphological parameters of the circumnuclear matter. We compare the line and continuum parameters with extensive calculations performed with the well-known photoionisation code CLOUDY. The line spectrum cannot be explained by a single zone, as three different reflecting regions are required. The first has low ionisation, accounting for the prominent iron K alpha line, and is likely to be identified with the "torus" envisaged in unification models for Seyfert galaxies; a lower limit of 0.05 pc to the distance of this matter from the nucleus has been estimated, using new constraints on the ionisation state of iron (<= FeX). The second zone is moderately ionised and optically thin (tau similar or equal to 0.2), and it accounts for the C1 Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-0046 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. ESA, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Massaro, F (reprint author), Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-0046 Rome, Italy. EM massaro@roma2.infn.it RI Bianchi, Stefano/B-4804-2010; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; OI Bianchi, Stefano/0000-0002-4622-4240; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 455 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054772 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 069NJ UT WOS:000239455100015 ER PT J AU Tafalla, M Santiago-Garcia, J Myers, PC Caselli, P Walmsley, CM Crapsi, A AF Tafalla, M. Santiago-Garcia, J. Myers, P. C. Caselli, P. Walmsley, C. M. Crapsi, A. TI On the internal structure of starless cores - II. A molecular survey of L1498 and L1517B SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; stars : formation; ISM : individual objects : L1498; ISM : individual objects : L1517B ID COLLAPSING PRESTELLAR CORES; DARK CLOUD CORES; PRE-PROTOSTELLAR CORES; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; MAPPING OBSERVATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY STATUS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; INTERSTELLAR ICES AB Context. Low mass starless cores present an inhomogeneous chemical composition. Species like CO and CS deplete at their dense interiors, while N2H+ and NH3 survive in the gas phase. As molecular line observations are used to determine the physical conditions and kinematics of the core gas, chemical inhomogeneities can introduce a serious bias. Aims. We have carried out a molecular survey towards two starless cores, L1498 and L1517B. These cores have been selected for their relative isolation and close-to-round shape. They have been observed in a number of lines of 13 molecular species in order to determine a self-consistent set of abundance profiles. Methods. In a previous paper we modeled the physical structure of L1498 and L1517B. Here we use this work together with a spherically-symmetric Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to determine the radial profile of abundance for each species in the survey. Our model aims to fit simultaneously the radial profile of integrated intensity and the emerging spectrum from the core center. Results. L1498 and L1517B present similar abundance patterns, with most species suffering a significant drop toward the core center. This occurs for CO, CS, CH3OH, SO, C3H2, HC3N, C2S, HC3N, H2CO, HCO+, and DCO+, which we fit with profiles having a sharp central hole. The size of this hole varies with molecule: DCO+, HCN, and HC3N have the smallest holes, while SO, C2S and CO have the largest holes. Only N2H+ and NH3 seem present in the gas phase at the core centers. Conclusions. From the different behavior of molecules, we select SO, C2S, and CH3OH as the most sensitive tracers of molecular depletion. Comparing our abundance determinations with the predictions from current chemical models we find order of magnitude discrepancies. Finally, we show how the "contribution function" can be used to study the formation of line profiles from the different regions of a core. C1 Natl Astron Observ, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Tafalla, M (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ, Alfonso XII 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. EM m.tafalla@oan.es NR 78 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 455 IS 2 BP 577 EP U88 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065311 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 070XM UT WOS:000239560000023 ER PT J AU Aungwerojwit, A Gansicke, BT Rodriguez-Gil, P Hagen, HJ Araujo-Betancor, S Baernbantner, O Engels, D Fried, RE Harlaftis, ET Mislis, D Nogami, D Schmeer, P Schwarz, R Staude, A Torres, MAP AF Aungwerojwit, A. Gansicke, B. T. Rodriguez-Gil, P. Hagen, H. -J. Araujo-Betancor, S. Baernbantner, O. Engels, D. Fried, R. E. Harlaftis, E. T. Mislis, D. Nogami, D. Schmeer, P. Schwarz, R. Staude, A. Torres, M. A. P. TI Dwarf novae in the Hamburg quasar survey: rarer than expected SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : dwarf novae; stars : individual : HS 0417+7445; stars : individual : HS 1016+3412; stars : individual : HS 1340+1524; stars : individual : HS 1857+7127; stars : individual : HS 2214+2845 ID TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; VARIABLE PERIOD MINIMUM; X-RAY BINARIES; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; WHITE-DWARF; U-GEMINORUM; ORBITAL PERIOD; URSAE MAJORIS; WZ-SAGITTAE; RAPID OSCILLATIONS AB Aims. We report the discovery of five new dwarf novae that were spectroscopically identified in the Hamburg Quasar Survey (HQS), and discuss the properties of the sample of new dwarf novae from the HQS. Methods. Follow-up time-resolved spectroscopy and photometry have been obtained to characterise the new systems. Results. The orbital periods determined from analyses of the radial velocity variations and/or orbital photometric variability are P-orb similar or equal to 105.1min or P-orb similar or equal to 109.9min for HS 0417+ 7445, P-orb = 114.3 +/- 2.7min for HS 1016 +/- 3412, Porb = 92.66 +/- 0.17 min for HS 1340+ 1524, P-orb = 272.317 similar or equal to 0.001 min for HS 1857+ 7127, and P-orb = 258.02 +/- 0.56 min for HS 2214+ 2845. HS 1857+ 7127 is found to be partially eclipsing. In HS 2214+ 2845 the secondary star of spectral type M3 +/- 1 is clearly detected, and we estimate the distance to the system to be d = 390 +/- 40 pc. We recorded one superoutburst of HS 0417+ 7445, identifying the system as a SU UMatype dwarf nova. HS 1016+ 3412 and HS 1340+ 1524 have rare outbursts, and their subtype is yet undetermined. HS 1857+ 7127 frequently varies in brightness and may be a ZCam-type dwarf nova. HS 2214+ 2845 is a UGem-type dwarf nova with a most likely cycle length of 71 d. Conclusions. To date, 14 new dwarf novae have been identified in the HQS. The ratio of short-period (< 3 h) to long-period (> 3 h) systems of this sample is 1.3, much smaller compared to the ratio of 2.7 found for all known dwarf novae. The HQS dwarf novae display typically infrequent or low-amplitude outburst activity, underlining the strength of spectroscopic selection in identifying new CVs independently of their variability. The spectroscopic properties of short-period CVs in the HQS, newly identified and previously known, suggest that most, or possibly all of them are still evolving towards the minimum period. Their total number agrees with the predictions of population models within an order of magnitude. However, the bulk of all CVs is predicted to have evolved past the minimum period, and those systems remain unidentified. This suggests that those post-bounce systems have markedly weaker H beta emission lines compared to the average known short-period CVs, and undergo no or extremely rare outbursts. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. Braeside Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, GR-11810 Athens, Greece. Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Sect Astrophys Astron & Mech, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Gifu 5061314, Japan. Bischmisheim, D-66132 Saarbrucken, Germany. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Aungwerojwit, A (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM A.Aungwerojwit@warwick.ac.uk RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/H-7709-2015 OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/0000-0002-4717-5102 NR 90 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 455 IS 2 BP 659 EP U185 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065049 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 070XM UT WOS:000239560000030 ER PT J AU Suleimanov, V Madej, J Drake, JJ Rauch, T Werner, K AF Suleimanov, V. Madej, J. Drake, J. J. Rauch, T. Werner, K. TI On the relevance of Compton scattering for the soft X-ray spectra of hot DA white dwarfs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; scattering; methods : numerical; stars : white dwarfs; stars : atmospheres; X-rays : stars ID BURSTING NEUTRON-STARS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; STELLAR ATMOSPHERES AB Aims. We re-examine the effects of Compton scattering on the emergent spectra of hot DA white dwarfs in the soft X-ray range. Earlier studies have implied that sensitive X-ray observations at wavelengths lambda < 50 angstrom might be capable of probing the flux deficits predicted by the redistribution of electron-scattered X-ray photons toward longer wavelengths. Methods. We adopt two independent numerical approaches to the inclusion of Compton scattering in the computation of pure hydrogen atmospheres in hydrostatic equilibrium. One employs the Kompaneets diffusion approximation formalism, while the other uses the cross-sections and redistribution functions of Guilbert. Models and emergent spectra are computed for stellar parameters representative of HZ43 and Sirius B, and for models with an effective temperature T-eff = 100 000 K. Results. The differences between emergent spectra computed for Compton and Thomson scattering cases are completely negligible in the case of both HZ 43 and Sirius B models, and are also negligible for all practical purposes for models with temperatures as high as T-eff = 100 000 K. Models of the soft X-ray flux from these stars are instead dominated by uncertainties in their fundamental parameters. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Kazan 420008, Russia. Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Issaac Newton Inst, Kazan Branch, Santiago, Chile. RP Suleimanov, V (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM suleimanov@astro.uni-tuebingen.de NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 455 IS 2 BP 679 EP 684 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065102 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 070XM UT WOS:000239560000032 ER PT J AU Lombardi, M Alves, J Lada, CJ AF Lombardi, M. Alves, J. Lada, C. J. TI 2MASS wide field extinction maps - I. The pipe nebula SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : dust, extinction; ISM : structure; ISM : individual objects : Pipe molecular complex; methods : data analysis ID NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; DARK CLOUD; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; DUST EXTINCTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GAS; DENSITY AB Aims. We present a 8 degrees x 6 degrees, high resolution extinction map of the Pipe nebula using 4.5 million stars from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) point source catalog. Methods. The use of NICER (Lombardi & Alves 2001, A& A, 377, 1023), a robust and optimal technique to map the dust column density, allows us to detect a A(V) = 0.5 mag extinction at a 3-sigma level with a 1 arcmin resolution. Results. (i) We find for the Pipe nebula a normal reddening law, E(J-H) = (1.85 +/- 0.15)E(H-K). (ii) We measure the cloud distance using Hipparchos and Tycho parallaxes, and obtain 130(-58)(+24) pc. This, together with the total estimated mass, 10(4) M-circle dot, makes the Pipe the closest massive cloud complex to Earth. (iii) We compare the NICER extinction map to the NANTEN (CO)-C-12 observations and derive with unprecedented accuracy the relationship between the near-infrared extinction and the (CO)-C-12 column density and hence (indirectly) the (CO)-C-12 X-factor, that we estimate to be 2.91 x 10(20) cm(-2) K-1 km(-1) s in the range AV. [0.9, 5.4] mag. (iv) We identify approximately 1500 OH/IR stars located within the Galactic bulge in the direction of the Pipe field. This represents a significant increase of the known numbers of such stars in the Galaxy. Conclusions. Our analysis confirms the power and simplicity of the color excess technique to study molecular clouds. The comparison with the NANTEN 12CO data corroborates the insensitivity of CO observations to low column densities (up to approximately 2 mag in AV), and shows also an irreducible uncertainty in the dust-CO correlation of about 1 mag of visual extinction. C1 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lombardi, M (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM mlombard@eso.org OI LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 58 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 454 IS 3 BP 781 EP 796 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042474 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 064WQ UT WOS:000239121200016 ER PT J AU Hogerheijde, MR Caselli, P Emprechtinger, M van der Tak, FFS Alves, J Belloche, A Gusten, R Lundgren, AA Nyman, LA Volgenau, N Wiedner, MC AF Hogerheijde, M. R. Caselli, P. Emprechtinger, M. van der Tak, F. F. S. Alves, J. Belloche, A. Guesten, R. Lundgren, A. A. Nyman, L. -A. Volgenau, N. Wiedner, M. C. TI Probable detection of H2D+ in the starless core Barnard 68 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : individual objects : Barnard 68; ISM : molecules; submillimeter ID DOUBLY DEUTERATED FORMALDEHYDE; PRE-STELLAR CORES; EVOLUTIONARY STATUS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR-IONS; DARK CLOUD; DM-TAURI; TEMPERATURE; IONIZATION; L1544 AB Context. The presence of H2D+ in dense cloud cores underlies ion-molecule reactions that strongly enhance the deuterium fractionation of many molecular species. Aims. We determine the H2D+ abundance in one starless core, Barnard 68, that has a particularly well established physical, chemical, and dynamical structure. Methods. We observed the ortho-H2D+ ground-state line 1(10)-1(11), the N2H+ J = 4-3 line, and the (HCO+)-C-13 4-3 line with the APEX telescope. Results. We report the probable detection of the o-H2D+ line at an intensity T-mb = 0.22 +/- 0.08 K and exclusively thermal line width, and find only upper limits to the N2H+ 4-3 and (HCO+)-C-13 4-3 intensities. Conclusions. Within the uncertainties in the chemical reaction rates and the collisional excitation rates, chemical model calculations and excitation simulations reproduce the observed intensities and that of o-H2D+ in particular. C1 Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Groningen, Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Hogerheijde, MR (reprint author), Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM michiel@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 454 IS 2 BP L59 EP L62 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065104 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063FW UT WOS:000239004300013 ER PT J AU Menten, KM Philipp, SD Gusten, R Alcolea, J Polehampton, ET Brunken, S AF Menten, K. M. Philipp, S. D. Guesten, R. Alcolea, J. Polehampton, E. T. Brunken, S. TI Submillimeter vibrationally excited water emission from the peculiar red supergiant VY Canis Majoris SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual : VY Canis Majoris; supergiants; circumstellar matter ID LATE-TYPE STARS; SIO MASER EMISSION; EVOLVED STARS; DUST SHELLS; VAPOR; CO; EXCITATION; DATABASE; LINES AB Context. Vibrationally excited emission from the SiO and H2O molecules probes the innermost circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich red giant and supergiant stars. VY CMa is the most prolific known emission source in these molecules. Aims. Observations were made to search for rotational lines in the lowest vibrationally excited state of H2O. Methods. The APEX telescope was used for observations of H2O lines at frequencies around 300 GHz. Results. Two vibrationally excited H2O lines were detected, a third one could not be found. In one of the lines we find evidence for weak maser action, similar to known (sub) millimeter nu(2) = 1 lines. We find that the other line's intensity is consistent with thermal excitation by the circumstellar infrared radiation field. Several SiO lines were detected together with the H2O lines. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Observ Astron Nacl, Madrid 28014, Spain. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Menten, KM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; sphilipp@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; rguesten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; j.alcolea@oan.es; E.T.Polehampton@rl.ac.uk; sbruenken@cfa.harvard.edu RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010 OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 454 IS 2 BP L107 EP L110 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065458 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063FW UT WOS:000239004300025 ER PT J AU Schoier, FL Jorgensen, JK Pontoppidan, KM Lundgren, AA AF Schoier, F. L. Jorgensen, J. K. Pontoppidan, K. M. Lundgren, A. A. TI Low-mass star formation in R Coronae Australis: observations of organic molecules with the APEX telescope SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; ISM : molecules; ISM : abundances; astrochemistry ID PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; IRAS 16293-2422; H2CO ABUNDANCE; HOT CORE; PROTOSTARS; EMISSION; REGIONS; DISK AB This paper presents new APEX submillimetre molecular line observations of three low-mass protostars, IRS7A, IRS7B, and IRAS32, in the R Coronae Australis molecular cloud complex. The molecular excitation analysis is performed using a statistical equilibrium radiative transfer code. The derived beam averaged fractional abundances vary by less than a factor of two among the three sources, except those of H2CO and CH3OH, which show differences of about an order of magnitude. The molecular abundances are similar to those typically found in other star-forming regions in the Galaxy, such as the. Oph and Perseus molecular clouds. There is a marked difference in the kinetic temperatures derived for the protobinary source IRS7 from H2CO (approximate to 40-60K) and CH3OH (approximate to 20K), possibly indicating a difference in origin of the emission from these two molecules. C1 AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Schoier, FL (reprint author), AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM fredrik@astro.su.se RI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/L-7936-2014 OI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/0000-0001-9133-8047 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 454 IS 2 BP L67 EP L70 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065334 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063FW UT WOS:000239004300015 ER PT J AU Wyithe, JSB Loeb, A AF Wyithe, J. Stuart B. Loeb, Abraham TI Cosmic variance in the transparency of the intergalactic medium after reionization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; intergalactic medium ID GUNN-PETERSON TROUGH; QUASARS; EVOLUTION; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6; FLUCTUATIONS; GALAXIES; HYDROGEN; UNIVERSE; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA AB Following the completion of cosmic reionization, the mean free path of ionizing photons was set by a population of Lyman limit absorbers. As the mean free path steadily grew, the intensity of the ionizing background also grew, thus lowering the residual neutral fraction of hydrogen in ionization equilibrium throughout the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM). Ly alpha photons provide a sensitive probe for tracing the distribution of this residual hydrogen at the end of reionization. Here we calculate the cosmic variance among different lines of sight in the distribution of the mean Ly alpha optical depths. We find fractional variations in the effective postreionization optical depth that are of order unity on a scale of similar to 100 comoving Mpc, in agreement with observations toward high-redshift quasars. Significant contributions to these variations are provided by the cosmic variance in the density contrast on the scale of the mean free path for ionizing photons and by fluctuations in the ionizing background induced by delayed or enhanced structure formation. Cosmic variance results in a highly asymmetric distribution of transmission through the IGM, with fractional fluctuations in Ly alpha transmission that are larger than in Ly beta transmission. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wyithe, JSB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. OI Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 696 EP 702 DI 10.1086/502620 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400003 ER PT J AU Font, AS Johnston, KV Bullock, JS Robertson, BE AF Font, Andreea S. Johnston, Kathryn V. Bullock, James S. Robertson, Brant E. TI Phase-space distributions of chemical abundances in Milky Way-type Galaxy halos SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : abundances; galaxies : evolution ID COLD DARK-MATTER; GIANT SOUTHERN STREAM; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; PROPER-MOTION STARS; METAL-POOR STARS; GALACTIC HALO; STELLAR HALO; METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; DISK STARS AB Motivated by upcoming data from astrometric and spectroscopic surveys of the Galaxy, we explore the chemical abundance properties and phase-space distributions in hierarchically formed stellar halo simulations set in a Lambda CDM universe. Our stellar halometallicities increase with stellar halo mass. The slope of the [Fe/H]-M-* trend mimics that of the satellite galaxies that were destroyed to build the halos, implying that the relation propagates hierarchically. All simulated halos contain a significant fraction of old stellar populations accreted more than 10 Gyr ago, and in a few cases some intermediate-age populations exist. In contrast with the Milky Way, many of our simulated stellar halos contain old stellar populations that are metal-rich, originating in the early accretion of massive satellites (M-* similar to 10(9) M-circle dot). We suggest that the (metal-rich) stellar halo of M31 falls into this category, while the more metal-poor halo of the Milky Way is lacking in early massive accretion events. Interestingly, our hierarchically formed stellar halos often have nonnegligible metallicity gradients in both [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe]. These gradients extend a few tens of kiloparsecs, and can be as large as 0.5 dex in [Fe/H] and 0.2 dex in [alpha/Fe], with the most metal-poor halo stars typically buried within the central similar to 5 kpc of the galaxy. Finally, we find that chemical abundances can act as a rough substitute for time of accretion of satellite galaxies, and, based on this finding, we propose a criterion for identifying tidal streams spatially by selecting stars with [alpha/Fe] ratios below solar. C1 Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92687 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Font, AS (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM afont@astro.wesleyan.edu RI Bullock, James/K-1928-2015 OI Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082 NR 71 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 886 EP 898 DI 10.1086/505131 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400018 ER PT J AU Montero-Castano, M Herrnstein, RM Ho, PTP AF Montero-Castano, Maria Herrnstein, Robeson M. Ho, Paul T. P. TI Hot molecular gas in the nuclear region of IC 342 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (IC 342); galaxies : ISM ID GALAXY IC 342; NEARBY GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; DENSE GAS; STARBURST; AMMONIA; NGC-253; (CO)-C-13; MAFFEI-2; NH3 AB We present the first interferometric detection of extragalactic NH3 (6, 6) emission in the nearby galaxy IC 342 made using the VLA. The data have a resolution of 7."8 x 5."0 and trace hot (T similar to 412 K) and dense (> 10(4) cm(-3)) molecular gas. We have covered a 170" x 300" area and detect two very strong line emission peaks, likely associated with the two strongest star formation regions of the central part of the galaxy. We compare these emission peaks to CO (1-0) and (2-1) emission data, which are the most abundant CO transitions and trace spatially extended emission. The NH3 (6, 6) emission is also compared to emission data from three high-density, nitrogen-bearing tracers: HNC (1-0), HC3N (10(-9)), and N2H+ (1-0). Our results suggest that the molecular mass in the nuclear region of IC 342 has at least two different components, a dense and cold component and a less dense and hotter component. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Montero-Castano, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmontero@cfa.harvard.edu; hermstein@astro.columbia.edu; pho@cfa.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 919 EP 928 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400020 ER PT J AU Marleau, FR Noriega-Crespo, A Misselt, KA Gordon, KD Engelbracht, CW Rieke, GH Barmby, P Willner, SP Mould, J Gehrz, RD Woodward, CE AF Marleau, F. R. Noriega-Crespo, A. Misselt, K. A. Gordon, K. D. Engelbracht, C. W. Rieke, G. H. Barmby, P. Willner, S. P. Mould, J. Gehrz, R. D. Woodward, C. E. TI Mapping and mass measurement of the cold dust in NGC 205 with Spitzer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (NGC 205); galaxies : ISM; infrared : galaxies; infrared : ISM; ISM : structure ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; INFRARED-EMISSION FEATURES; LOCAL GROUP GALAXIES; INTERSTELLAR DUST; SPACE-TELESCOPE; NGC 205; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; DWARF GALAXIES; ARRAY CAMERA AB We present observations at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8, 24, 70, and 160 mu m of NGC 205, the dwarf elliptical companion of M31, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The point-source-subtracted images at 8 and 24 mu m display a complex and fragmented infrared emission coming from both very small dust particles and larger grains. The extended dust emission is spatially concentrated in three main emission regions, seen at all wavelengths from 8 to 160 mu m. These regions lie approximately along NGC 205's semimajor axis and range from similar to 100 to 300 pc in size. On the basis of our mid-/far-infrared flux density measurements alone, we derive a total dust mass estimate on the order of 3.2 x 10(4) M-circle dot, mainly at a temperature of similar to 20 K. The gas mass associated with this component matches the predicted mass returned by the dying stars from the last burst of star formation in NGC 205 (similar to 0.5 Gyr ago). Analysis of the Spitzer data combined with previous 1.1 mm observations over a small central or "Core'' region (18" diameter) suggests the presence of very cold (T similar to 12 K) dust and a dust mass about 16 times higher than is estimated from the Spitzer measurements alone. Assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100, these two data sets, i.e., with and without the millimeter observations, suggest a total gas mass in the range from 3.2 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(7) M-circle dot. C1 CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Marleau, FR (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Mail Code 220-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 929 EP 938 DI 10.1086/504975 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400021 ER PT J AU Rakowski, CE Badenes, C Gaensler, BM Gelfand, JD Hughes, JP Slane, PO AF Rakowski, Cara E. Badenes, Carles Gaensler, B. M. Gelfand, Joseph D. Hughes, John P. Slane, Patrick O. TI Can ejecta-dominated supernova remnants be typed from their X-ray spectra? The case of G337.2-0.7 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernova remnants; supernovae : general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; LATE-TIME SPECTRA; IA SUPERNOVAE; SHOCKED EJECTA; MASSIVE STARS; MILKY-WAY; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EMISSION AB In this paper we use recent X-ray and radio observations of the ejecta-rich Galactic SNR G337.2-0.7 to determine properties of the SN explosion that formed this source. H I absorption measurements from ATCA constrain the distance to G337.2-0.7 to lie between 2.0 +/- 0.5 and 9.3 +/- 0.3 kpc. Combined with a clear radio image of the outer blast wave, this distance allows us to estimate the dynamical age (between 750 and 3500 yr) from the global X-ray spectrum obtained with the XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories. The presence of ejecta is confirmed by the pattern of fitted relative abundances, which show Mg, Ar, and Fe to be less enriched (compared to solar) than Si, S, or Ca, and the ratio of Ca to Si to be 3.4 +/- 0.8 times the solar value (under the assumption of a single electron temperature and single ionization timescale). With the addition of a solar abundance component for emission from the blast wave, these abundances (with the exception of Fe) resemble the ejecta of a Type Ia, rather than core-collapse, SN. Comparing directly to models of the ejecta and blast wave X-ray emission calculated by evolving realistic SN Ia explosions to the remnant stage allows us to deduce that one-dimensional delayed-detonation and pulsed delayed-detonation models can indeed reproduce the major features of the global spectrum. In particular, stratification of the ejecta, with the Fe shocked most recently, is required to explain the lack of prominent Fe K emission. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Rakowski, CE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM crakowski@cfa.harvard.edu; badenes@physics.rutgers.edu; bgaensler@cfa.harvard.edu; jgelfand@cfa.harvard.edu; jph@physics.rutgers.edu; pslane@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Gelfand, Joseph/F-1110-2015; OI Gelfand, Joseph/0000-0003-4679-1058; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558; Badenes, Carles/0000-0003-3494-343X NR 72 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 982 EP 1000 DI 10.1086/505018 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400025 ER PT J AU Bogdanov, S Grindlay, JE Heinke, CO Camilo, F Freire, PCC Becker, W AF Bogdanov, Slavko Grindlay, Jonathan E. Heinke, Craig O. Camilo, Fernando Freire, Paulo C. C. Becker, Werner TI Chandra X-ray observations of 19 millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : general; globular clusters : individual ( 47 Tucanae); pulsars : general; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID BINARY MILLISECOND PULSAR; 47 TUCANAE; NEUTRON-STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER-47 TUCANAE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; PSR J1012+5307; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; MASS; J0437-4715 AB We present spectral and long-timescale variability analyses of Chandra X-Ray Observatory ACIS-S observations of the 19 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with precisely known positions in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. The X-ray emission of the majority of these MSPs is well described by a thermal (blackbody or neutron star hydrogen atmosphere) spectrum with a temperature T-eff similar to (1-3) x 10(6) K, emission radius R-eff similar to 0.1-3 km, and luminosity L-X similar to 10(30)-10(31) ergs s(-1). For several MSPs, there are indications that a second thermal component is required, similar to what is seen in some nearby field MSPs. The observed radiation most likely originates from the heated magnetic polar caps of the MSPs. The small apparent scatter in LX is consistent with thermal emission from the polar caps of a global dipole field, although the small emission areas may imply either a more complex small-scale magnetic field configuration near the neutron star surface or nonuniform polar cap heating. The radio eclipsing binary MSPs 47 Tuc J, O, and W show a significant nonthermal (power-law) component, with spectral photon index Gamma similar to 1-1.5, which most likely originates in an intrabinary shock formed due to interaction between the relativistic pulsar wind and matter from the stellar companion. We reexamine the X- ray-spin- down luminosity relation (L-X-E relation) and find that for the MSPs with thermal spectra L-X proportional to E-beta, where beta similar to 0.2 +/- 1.1. Due to the large uncertainties in both parameters, the result is consistent with both the linear L-X proportional to E-0.5. predicted by polar cap heating models. In terms of X-ray properties, we find no clear systematic differences between MSPs in globular clusters and in the field of the Galaxy. We discuss the implications of these results on the present understanding of the X-ray emission properties of MSPs. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Arecibo Observ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Bogdanov, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbogdanov@cfa.harvard.edu; josh@cfa.harvard.edu; cheinke@cfa.harvard.edu; fernando@astro.columbia.edu; pfreire@naic.edu; web@mpe.mpg.de OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742; Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 NR 68 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 1104 EP 1115 DI 10.1086/505133 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400036 ER PT J AU Rowe, JF Matthews, JM Seager, S Kuschnig, R Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Rowe, Jason F. Matthews, Jaymie M. Seager, Sara Kuschnig, Rainer Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rucinski, Slavek M. Sasselov, Dimitar Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI An upper limit on the albedo of HD 209458b: Direct imaging photometry with the MOST satellite SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 209458); techniques : photometric ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; TRANSITING PLANET; SEARCH; SPACE; STAR; PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERE; HD-209458; SPECTRUM; LIGHT AB We present space-based photometry of the transiting exoplanetary system HD 209458 obtained with the Microvariablity and Oscillations of Stars (MOST) satellite, spanning 14 days and covering 4 transits and 4 secondary eclipses. The HD 209458 photometry was obtained in MOST's lower precision direct imaging mode, which is used for targets in the brightness range 6.5 >= V >= 13. We describe the photometric reduction techniques for this mode of observing, in particular the corrections for stray earthshine. We do not detect the secondary eclipse in the MOST data, to a limit in depth of 0.053 mmag (1 sigma). We set a 1 sigma upper limit on the planet-star flux ratio of 4: 88; 10(-5) corresponding to a geometric albedo upper limit in the MOST bandpass (400-700 nm) of 0.25. The corresponding numbers at the 3 sigma level are 1.34 x 10(-4) and 0.68, respectively. HD 209458b is half as bright as Jupiter in the MOST bandpass. This low geometric albedo value is an important constraint for theoretical models of the HD 209458b atmosphere, in particular ruling out the presence of reflective clouds. A second MOST campaign on HD 209458 is expected to be sensitive to an exoplanet albedo as low as 0.13 (1 sigma), if the star does not become more intrinsically variable in the meantime. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Carnegie Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Rowe, JF (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM rowe@astro.ubc.ca; matthews@astro.ubc.ca NR 26 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 1241 EP 1251 DI 10.1086/504252 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400047 ER PT J AU Ko, YK Raymond, JC Zurbuchen, TH Riley, P Raines, JM Strachan, L AF Ko, Yuan-Kuen Raymond, John C. Zurbuchen, Thomas H. Riley, Pete Raines, Jim M. Strachan, Leonard TI Abundance variation at the vicinity of an active region and the coronal origin of the slow solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CHARGE STATES; HEAVY-IONS; SPECTROMETER; STREAMERS; SPEED; MAXIMUM AB The solar wind ion composition is generally "frozen-in'' within 5 R-circle dot of the Sun. Many characteristics in the elemental abundances measured in the solar wind are believed to be set at the chromospheric and low coronal levels. By connecting plasma parameters in the coronal and in situ solar wind data, valuable insights can be obtained as to how and where the solar wind is produced. Elemental abundance is found to vary across solar structures and heliocentric heights, as well as in the solar wind. Therefore, solar wind elemental composition data (such as those from SWICS on board ACE), combined with spectroscopic observations of the inner corona (such as those from UVCS on board SOHO), are ideal for investigating the coronal origin of the solar wind. We present such joint analysis using data from SOHO UVCS and ACE SWICS. In 1999 October, UVCS observed the west limb corona at 1.64 R-circle dot for 7 days with the passing of an equatorial coronal hole followed by an active region complex. This corresponds to a rarefaction transition from fast to slow wind as measured by ACE. This presents an unprecedented opportunity for comparing the variations in the coronal plasma properties with those in the solar wind. We present the analysis for the electron temperature, density, and elemental abundances during this period. We compare these properties between the two data sets and discuss the implications on the formation region of the slow solar wind. Treatment of the line-of-sight effect in the UVCS data, along with 3D MHD coronal field models, are employed to connect the coronal and solar wind data. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 61 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 1275 EP 1287 DI 10.1086/505021 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400050 ER PT J AU Stubbs, CW Tonry, JL AF Stubbs, Christopher W. Tonry, John L. TI Toward 1% photometry: End-to-end calibration of astronomical telescopes and detectors SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; instrumentation : detectors; instrumentation : photometers ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; ABSOLUTE FLUX CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERIC EXTINCTION; DATA RELEASE; CCD PHOTOMETRY; WIDE-FIELD; STARS; SYSTEM; VEGA AB We review the systematic uncertainties that have plagued attempts to obtain high precision and high accuracy from ground-based photometric measurements using CCDs. We identify two main challenges in breaking through the 1% precision barrier: (1) fully characterizing atmospheric transmission, along the instrument's line of sight, and (2) properly identifying, measuring, and removing instrumental artifacts. We discuss approximations and limitations inherent in the present methodology, and we estimate their contributions to systematic photometric uncertainties. We propose an alternative conceptual scheme for the relative calibration of astronomical apparatus: the availability of calibrated detectors whose relative spectral sensitivity is known to better than one part in 10(3) opens up the possibility of in situ relative throughput measurements, normalized to a precision calibrated detector, using a stable but uncalibrated narrowband light source. An implementation scheme is outlined, which exploits the availability of tunable lasers to map out the relative wavelength response of an imaging system, using a flat-field screen and a calibrated reference photo-diode. The merits and limitations of this scheme are discussed. In tandem with careful measurements of atmospheric transmission, this approach could potentially lead to reliable ground-based photometry with fractional uncertainties below the percent level. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stubbs, CW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 1436 EP 1444 DI 10.1086/505138 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400061 ER PT J AU Dalgarno, A van der Loo, MPJ AF Dalgarno, Alex van der Loo, Mark P. J. TI Recombination of H-2 by Raman association in the early universe SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; early universe; ISM : molecules; molecular processes; radiation mechanisms : general; scattering ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; MATRIX KOHN METHOD; REACTIVE SCATTERING; CHEMISTRY AB We investigate the contribution that Raman association makes to H-2 production in the early universe at redshifts 10 <= z <= 10(4). The Raman process involves inelastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation off two colliding hydrogen atoms, taking away kinetic and binding energy and leaving bound H-2. We calculate the inelastic cross sections and rate coefficients for this process and determine the Raman association rate in the cosmic background radiation field present during the early stages of the universe. A comparison with other H-2-forming reactions is made. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Theoret Chem, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu; m.vanderloo@theochem.ru.nl NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP L91 EP L94 DI 10.1086/506963 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BL UT WOS:000239647500001 ER PT J AU Bonanos, AZ Stanek, KZ Kudritzki, RP Macri, L Sasselov, DD Kaluzny, J Bersier, D Bresolin, F Matheson, T Mochejska, BJ Przybilla, N Szentgyorgyi, AH Tonry, J Torres, G AF Bonanos, A. Z. Stanek, K. Z. Kudritzki, R. P. Macri, L. Sasselov, D. D. Kaluzny, J. Bersier, D. Bresolin, F. Matheson, T. Mochejska, B. J. Przybilla, N. Szentgyorgyi, A. H. Tonry, J. Torres, G. TI The first DIRECT distance to a detached eclipsing binary in M33 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Close Binary Stars in the 21st Century - New Opportunities and Challenges CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Syros, GREECE ID ATMOSPHERIC NLTE-MODELS; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; ADDITIONAL VARIABLES; BLUE STARS; CEPHEIDS; CURVES; LIGHT AB We present the first direct distance determination to a detached eclipsing binary in M33, which was found by the DIRECT Project. Located in the OB 66 association, it was one of the most suitable detached eclipsing binaries found by DIRECT for distance determination, given its 4.8938 day period. We obtained follow-up BV photometry and spectroscopy from which we determined the parameters of the system. It contains two O7 main sequence stars with masses of 33.4 +/- 3.5 M-circle dot and 30.0 +/- 3.3 M-circle dot and radii of 12.3 +/- 0.4 R-circle dot and 8.8 +/- 0.3 R-circle dot, respectively. We derive temperatures of 37000 +/- 1500 K and 36000 +/- 1500 K and determine the reddening E(B - V) = 0.14 +/- 0.03. Using HST photometry for flux calibration in the V band, we obtain a preliminary distance modulus of 24.87 +/- 0.16 mag (942 +/- 73 kpc). The photometry and thus distance is subject to revision in the final paper. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. RP Bonanos, AZ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Bonanos, Alceste/K-5392-2013; OI Bonanos, Alceste/0000-0003-2851-1905; Macri, Lucas/0000-0002-1775-4859 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 304 IS 1-4 BP 207 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9112-1 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109BX UT WOS:000242284000052 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, C Harlaftis, E Steeghs, D AF Papadimitriou, Christos Harlaftis, Emilios Steeghs, Danny TI The structure and the partial opacity of the spiral shocks on the novalike cataclysmic variables SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Close Binary Stars in the 21st Century - New Opportunities and Challenges CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Syros, GREECE DE accretion; accretion discs; shock waves; stars; individual; V347 Pup; novalike; cataclysmic variables ID DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY; ACCRETION DISC AB V347 Pup is the first novalike system with clear spiral arms in its accretion disc, as evidenced from its HeI Doppler maps. Combining the Doppler maps of the various lines of the system V347 Pup a more complex structure is revealed on the first arm. On the Doppler maps of HeI lambda 5875 emission line the first arm splits to two smaller and thinner structures. The Doppler map of HeI lambda 6678 emission line shows that this line dominates the region of thin structure with higher velocities that we met on the Doppler map of HeI lambda 5875 emission line. On the contrary the H alpha emission line dominates the region of thin structure with lower velocities. We therefore observe, that the H alpha emission line dominates on the exterior of the first arm, and the emission line of HeI on the interior. Most of NaI is probably emanated from the white dwarf or from the interior of the disc, and then being absorbed by the spiral shocks. C1 Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Natl Observ Athens, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, Athens, Greece. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Papadimitriou, C (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Natl Observ Athens, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. EM cpap@astro.noa.gr RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 304 IS 1-4 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9140-x PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109BX UT WOS:000242284000079 ER PT J AU Devor, J Charbonneau, D AF Devor, J. Charbonneau, D. TI A method for eclipsing component identification in large photometric datasets SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Close Binary Stars in the 21st Century - New Opportunities and Challenges CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Syros, GREECE DE eclipsing binaries; techniques : photometric; data analysis ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; ABSOLUTE PROPERTIES; DISTANCE INDICATORS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; GALACTIC BULGE; STAR; BINARIES; SELECTION; PLANET AB We describe an automated method for assigning the most likely physical parameters to the components of an eclipsing binary (EB), using only its photometric light curve and combined color. In traditional methods ( e. g. WD and EBOP) one attempts to optimize a multi-parameter model over many iterations, so as to minimize the chi-squared value. We suggest an alternative method, where one selects pairs of coeval stars from a set of theoretical stellar models, and compares their simulated light curves and combined colors with the observations. This approach greatly reduces the EB parameter-space over which one needs to search, and allows one to determine the components' masses, radii and absolute magnitudes, without spectroscopic data. We have implemented this method in an automated program using published theoretical isochrones and limb-darkening coefficients. Since it is easy to automate, this method lends itself to systematic analyses of datasets consisting of photometric time series of large numbers of stars, such as those produced by OGLE, MACHO, TrES, HAT, and many others surveys. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Devor, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdevor@cfa.harvard.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 304 IS 1-4 BP 351 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9155-3 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109BX UT WOS:000242284000088 ER PT J AU Karovska, M AF Karovska, Margarita TI Future prospects for ultra-high resolution imaging of binary systems at UV and X-ray wavelengths SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Close Binary Stars in the 21st Century - New Opportunities and Challenges CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Syros, GREECE DE high-angular resolution; interacting binaries AB UV and X-ray space-based interferometry will open unprecedented possibilities for spectral and spatial studies of a wide range of currently unresolvable interacting systems. Ultra-high angular resolution direct imaging of individual components and transport processes in interacting binary systems is essential for detailed studies and modeling of accretion and activity. Understanding the mass loss characteristics of both components, and the dynamics of the system as a function of time, will provide key inputs to evolutionary models and will revolutionize our view and understanding of the Universe. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Karovska, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 304 IS 1-4 BP 379 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9146-4 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109BX UT WOS:000242284000095 ER PT J AU Koch, D Borucki, W Basri, G Brown, T Caldwell, D Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Cochran, W Dunham, E Gautier, TN Geary, J Gilliland, R Jenkins, J Kondo, Y Latham, D Lissauer, J Monet, D AF Koch, D. Borucki, W. Basri, G. Brown, T. Caldwell, D. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Cochran, W. Dunham, E. Gautier, T. N. Geary, J. Gilliland, R. Jenkins, J. Kondo, Y. Latham, D. Lissauer, J. Monet, D. TI The Kepler mission: Astrophysics and eclipsing binaries SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Close Binary Stars in the 21st Century - New Opportunities and Challenges CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Syros, GREECE DE extra-solar planets; planet detection; eclipsing binaries; precision photometry AB The Kepler Mission is a photometric space mission that will continuously observe a single 100 square degree field of view (FOV) of the sky of more than 100,000 stars in the Cygnus-Lyra region for four or more years with a precision of 14 parts per million (ppm) for a 6.5 hour integration including shot noise for a twelfth magnitude star. The primary goal of the mission is to detect Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. In the process, many eclipsing binaries (EB) will also be detected. Prior to launch, the stellar characteristics will have been determined for all the stars in the FOV with K < 14.5. As part of the verification process, stars with transits (about 5%) will need to have follow-up radial velocity observations performed to determine the component masses and thereby separate grazing eclipses caused by stellar companions from transits caused by planets. The result will be a rich database on EBs. The community will have access to the archive for uses such as for EB modeling of the high-precision light curves. A guest observer program is also planned for objects not already on the target list. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Univ Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Koch, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 304 IS 1-4 BP 391 EP 395 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9149-1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109BX UT WOS:000242284000098 ER PT J AU Comizzoli, P Wildt, DE Pukazhenthi, BS AF Comizzoli, Pierre Wildt, David E. Pukazhenthi, Budhan S. TI Poor centrosomal function of cat testicular spermatozoa impairs embryo development in vitro after intracytoplasmic sperm injection SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; early development; gamete biology; sperm maturation ID DOMESTIC CAT; ASTER FORMATION; DNA FRAGMENTATION; CELL-CYCLE; PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT; PRONUCLEAR DECONDENSATION; MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION; CHROMATIN CONDENSATION; EJACULATED SPERMATOZOA; HUMAN FERTILIZATION AB In the domestic cat, morula-blastocyst formation in vitro is compromised after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with testicular compared to ejaculated spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to determine the cellular basis of the lower developmental potential of testicular spermatozoa. Specifically, we examined the influence of sperm DNA fragmentation (evaluated by TUNEL assay) and centrosomal function (assessed by sperm aster formation after ICSI) on first-cleavage timing, developmental rate, and morula-blastocyst formation. Because the incidences of DNA fragmentation were not different between testicular and ejaculated sperm suspensions, DNA integrity was not the origin of the reduced developmental potential of testicular spermatozoa. After ICSI, proportions of fertilized and cleaved oocytes were similar and not influenced by sperm source. However, observations made at 5 h postactivation clearly demonstrated that 1) zygotes generally contained a large sperm aster after ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa, a phenomenon never observed with testicular spermatozoa, and 2) proportions of zygotes with short or absent sperm asters were higher after ICSI with testicular spermatozoa than using ejaculated spermatozoa. The poor pattern of aster formation arose from the testicular sperm centrosome, which contributed to a delayed first cleavage, a slower developmental rate, and a reduced formation of morulae and blastocysts compared to ejaculated spermatozoa. When a testicular sperm centrosome was replaced by a centrosome from an ejaculated spermatozoon, kinetics of first cell cycle as well as embryo development quality significantly improved and were comparable to data from ejaculated spermatozoa. Results demonstrate for the first time in mammals that maturity of the cat sperm centrosome (likely via epididymal transit) contributes to an enhanced ability of the spermatozoon to produce embryos that develop normally to the morula and blastocyst stages. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Comizzoli, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM comizzolip@si.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K01 RR020045, K01 RR020045-01A2, K01 RR020045-02, K01 RR020045-03] NR 56 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.106.051342 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 065ZR UT WOS:000239199500013 PM 16687647 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Maldonado, JE Droege, S Mcdonald, MV AF Greenberg, Russell Maldonado, Jesus E. Droege, Sam Mcdonald, M. V. TI Tidal marshes: A global perspective on the evolution and conservation of their terrestrial vertebrates SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vertebrates of Tidal Marshes CY OCT, 2002 CL Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD HO Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr DE salt marsh; ecophysiology; ecotypic variation; coastal ecosystems; wetlands ID SALT-MARSH; SEASIDE SPARROW; ECOLOGY; WATER AB Globally, tidal marshes are found in small pockets or narrow bands totaling only approximately 45,000 square kilometers. The combination of salinity, low floristic and structural complexity, and regular tidal inundation, as well as unpredictable catastrophic flooding, provides a unique selective environment that shapes local adaptations, including those that are morphological, physiological, demographic, and behavioral. Although tidal marshes support a low diversity of nonaquatic vertebrate species, a high proportion of these inhabitants, at least along North American coastlines, are restricted to or have subspecies restricted to tidal marshes. Tidal marshes and their endemic fauna face broad threats from a variety of human-caused environmental changes. Future research should focus on global inventories, intercontinental comparative work, and investigation to determine why almost all presently described endemic taxa appear to be found in North America. C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US Geol Serv Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biodivers Monitoring Programs, Laurel, MD 20774 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Zool, Conway, AR 72035 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu NR 56 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 56 IS 8 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[675:TMAGPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 071OG UT WOS:000239610900009 ER PT J AU Schreiber, RW Schreiber, EA Peele, AM Burtt, EH AF Schreiber, Ralph W. Schreiber, Elizabeth A. Peele, Ashley M. Burtt, Edward H., Jr. TI Pattern of damage to albino Great Frigatebird flight feathers supports hypothesis of abrasion by airborne particles SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE albino; color; feather wear; frigatebird; melanin ID PACIFIC AB On 11 July 1985, an albino juvenile Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) was collected by RWS and EAS on Christmas Island (2 degrees N, 157 degrees W) in the tropical Pacific. First observed on 13 July 1984 as a 55-60-day-old chick, the albino was seen flying about the colony on 4 November 1984 and again in February 1985. In July 1985 the juvenile was at its nest with such badly abraded plumage that it could not fly. Burtt (1986) proposed an aerodynamic model that predicts the distribution of melanic feathers in response to abrasion from airborne particles in a flying bird. The albino frigatebird provides a test of this model, since frigatebirds spend most of their time flying and rarely contact water, ground, or objects. Abrasion of the primaries and tail of this albino Great Frigatebird follows the pattern predicted by Burtt (1986). Furthermore, the pattern of damage to secondaries and tertiaries suggests that friction of feathers against each other is another important source of wear. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Zool, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Burtt, EH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ehburtt@owu.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 736 EP 741 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[736:PODTAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500024 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Croes, BM Tchignoumba, L Lahm, SA Alonso, A Lee, ME Campbell, P Ondzeano, C AF Laurance, William F. Croes, Barbara M. Tchignoumba, Landry Lahm, Sally A. Alonso, Alfonso Lee, Michelle E. Campbell, Patrick Ondzeano, Claude TI Impacts of roads and hunting on central African rainforest mammals SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gabon; infrastructure; oil development; rainforest; tropical forests; wildlife conservation ID TROPICAL FORESTS; GABON; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; BUSHMEAT; VERTEBRATES; EXTINCTION; HARVEST; SYSTEMS; CONGO AB Road expansion and associated increases in hunting pressure are a rapidly growing threat to African tropical wildlife. In the rainforests of southern Gabon, we compared abundances of larger (> 1 kg) mammal species at varying distances from forest roads and between hunted and unhunted treatments (comparing a 130-km(2) oil concession that was almost entirely protected from hunting with nearby areas outside the concession that had moderate hunting pressure). At each of 12 study sites that were evenly divided between hunted and unhunted areas, we established standardized 1-km transects at five distances (50, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 m) from an unpaved road, and then repeatedly surveyed mammals during the 2004 dry and wet seasons. Hunting had the greatest impact on duikers (Cephalophus spp.), forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus), and red river bogs (Potamochoerus porcus), which declined in abundance outside the oil concession, and lesser effects on lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and carnivores. Roads depressed abundances of duikers, sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekei gratus), and forest elephants (Loxondonta africana cyclotis), with avoidance of roads being stronger outside than inside the concession. Five monkey species showed little response to roads or hunting, whereas some rodents and pangolins increased in abundance outside the concession, possibly in response to greater forest disturbance. Our findings suggest that even moderate hunting pressure can markedly alter the structure of mammal communities in central Africa. Roads had the greatest impacts on large and small ungulates, with the magnitude of road avoidance increasing with local bunting pressure. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Smithsonian Inst, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Inst Rech & Ecol Trop, Makokou, Gabon. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 59 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 17 U2 142 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1261 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00420.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070SX UT WOS:000239545500036 PM 16922241 ER PT J AU Santymire, RM Marinari, PE Kreeger, JS Wildt, DE Howard, J AF Santymire, Rachel M. Marinari, Paul E. Kreeger, Julie S. Wildt, David E. Howard, JoGayle TI Sperm viability in the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is influenced by seminal and medium osmolality SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; semen osmolality ID MOUSE SPERMATOZOA; BULL SPERM; OSMOTIC TOLERANCE; BINDING-CAPACITY; HEMIZONA ASSAY; COOLING RATE; YOLK BUFFER; EGG-YOLK; CRYOPRESERVATION; GLYCEROL AB Fundamental knowledge of spermatozoa cryobiology can assist with optimizing cryopreservation protocols needed for genetic management of the endangered black-footed ferret. Objectives were to characterize semen osmolality and assess the influence of two media at various osmolalities on sperm viability. We examined the influence of Ham's F10 + Hepes medium (H) at 270, 400, 500 or 700 mOsm (adjusted with sucrose, a nonpermeating cryoprotectant) and TEST Yolk Buffer (TYB) with 0% (300 mOsm) versus 4% (900 mOsm) glycerol (a permeating cryoprotectant). Electroejaculates (n = 16) were assessed for osmolality using a vapor pressure osmometer. For media comparison, semen (n = 5) was collected in TYB 0%, split into six aliquots, and diluted in H270, H400, H500, H700, and TYB 0% or TYB 4%. Each sample was centrifuged (300g, 8 min), resuspended in respective medium, and maintained at 37 degrees C for 3 h. Sperm motility and forward progression were monitored every 30 min for 3h post-washing. Acrosomal integrity was monitored at 0 and 60 min post-washing. Results demonstrated that black-footed ferret semen has a comparatively high osmolality (mean +/- SEM, 513.1 +/- 32.6 mOsm; range, 366-791 mOsm). Ferret spermatozoa were sensitive to hyperosmotic stress. Specifically, sperm motility was more susceptible (P < 0.01) to hyperosmotic conditions than acrosomal integrity, and neither were influenced (P > 0.05) by hypotonic solutions. Exposure to TYB 4% glycerol retained more (P (c) 0.01) sperm motility than a hyperosmotic Ham's (700mOsm). These findings will guide the eventual development of assisted breeding with cryopreserved sperm contributing to genetic management of this rare species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonians Nal Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wellington, CO USA. RP Santymire, RM (reprint author), Smithsonians Nal Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM rsantymire@lpzoo.org NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 EI 1090-2392 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.03.009 PG 14 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 069WG UT WOS:000239479200005 PM 16712829 ER PT J AU Langley, JA Chapman, SK Hungate, BA AF Langley, J. Adam Chapman, Samantha K. Hungate, Bruce A. TI Ectomycorrhizal colonization slows root decomposition: the post-mortem fungal legacy SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE decomposition; ectomycorrhizal roots; fine roots; immobilization; N-15; Pinus edulis; soil organic matter ID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; CARBON; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; MYCELIUM; QUALITY; BIOMASS AB The amount of carbon plants allocate to mycorrhizal symbionts exceeds that emitted by human activity annually. Senescent ectomycorrhizal roots represent a large input of carbon into soils, but their fate remains unknown. Here, we present the surprising result that, despite much higher nitrogen concentrations, roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi lost only one-third as much carbon as non-mycorrhizal roots after 2 years of decomposition in a pinon pine (Pinus edulis) woodland. Experimentally excluding live mycorrhizal hyphae from litter, we found that live mycorrhizal hyphae may alter nitrogen dynamics, but the afterlife (litter-mediated) effects of EM fungi outweigh the influences of live fungi on root decomposition. Our findings indicate that a shift in plant allocation to mycorrhizal fungi could promote carbon accumulation in soil by this pathway. Furthermore, EM litters could directly contribute to the process of stable soil organic matter formation, a mechanism that has eluded soil scientists. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Res, Dept Biol Sci Merriam Powell, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Langley, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM langleya@si.edu RI Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011 OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887 NR 28 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 74 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 8 BP 955 EP 959 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00948.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070HA UT WOS:000239510700011 PM 16913939 ER PT J AU Prohl, H Koshy, RA Mueller, U Rand, AS Ryan, MJ AF Prohl, Heike Koshy, Regina A. Mueller, Ulrich Rand, A. Stanley Ryan, Michael J. TI Geographic variation of genetic and behavioral traits in northern and southern Tungara frogs SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE bioacoustic variation; genetic variation; microsatellites; Physalaemus pustulosus; reproductive isolation; Tungara frogs ID REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; SEXUAL SELECTION; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ADVERTISEMENT CALLS; SPECIES RECOGNITION; FEMALE PREFERENCE; NEOTROPICAL FROG; ACOUSTIC-SIGNALS AB We use a combination of microsatellite marker analysis and mate-choice behavior experiments to assess patterns of reproductive isolation of the tungara frog Physalaemus pustulosus along a 550-km transect of 25 populations in Costa Rica and Panama. Earlier studies using allozymes and mitochondrial DNA defined two genetic groups of tdngara frogs, one ranging from Mexico to northern Costa Rica (northern group), the second ranging from Panama to northern South America (southern group). Our more fine-scale survey also shows that the northern and southern tungara frogs are genetically different and geographically separated by a gap in the distribution in central Pacific Costa Rica. Genetic differences among populations are highly correlated with geographic distances. Temporal call parameters differed among populations as well as between genetic groups. Differences in calls were explained better by geographic distance than by genetic distance. Phonotaxis experiments showed that females preferred calls of males from their own populations over calls of males from other populations in about two-thirds to three-fourths of the contrasts tested. In mating experiments, females and males from the same group and females from the north with males from the south produced nests and tadpoles. In contrast, females from the south did not produce nests or tadpoles with males from the north. Thus, northern and southern tungara frogs have diverged both genetically and bioacoustically. There is evidence for some prezygotic isolation due to differences in mate recognition and fertilization success, but such isolation is hardly complete. Our results support the general observation that significant differences in sexual signals are often not correlated with strong genetic differentiation. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Sch Vet Med, Inst Zool, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RP Prohl, H (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Way C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM heike.proehl@tiho-hannover.de NR 71 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 28 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 2006 VL 60 IS 8 BP 1669 EP 1679 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 084JX UT WOS:000240530300014 PM 17017067 ER PT J AU McClenachan, L Jackson, JBC Newman, MJH AF McClenachan, Loren Jackson, Jeremy B. C. Newman, Marah J. H. TI Conservation implications of historic sea turtle nesting beach loss SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID GREEN TURTLE AB Populations of endangered Caribbean sea turtles are far more depleted than realized because current conservation assessments do not reflect historic nesting data. We used historical sources to analyze changes in the numbers of nesting populations and population sizes for green and hawksbill turtles on all known nesting beaches in the Caribbean over the past millennium. We present the first maps of historic nesting populations, which provide the basis for an objective measure of changes in distribution and abundance. Our results indicate that 20% of historic nesting sites have been lost entirely and 50% of the remaining nesting sites have been reduced to dangerously low populations. Recent conservation efforts have resulted in large population increases at several nesting sites, but loss of widespread nesting throughout the Caribbean and reductions in the Caribbean-wide population since human hunting began indicate that Caribbean turtles are far from recovered. Focusing attention on a small number of nesting populations is a risk-prone strategy; conservation programs should instead broaden their scope to protect both large and small nesting populations throughout the Caribbean. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Panama. RP McClenachan, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lmcclena@ucsd.edu NR 29 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 7 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 4 IS 6 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[290:CIOHST]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070MU UT WOS:000239527600013 ER PT J AU Lee, SR Walker, RJ Mccoy, TJ McDonough, WF AF Lee, S. R. Walker, R. J. McCoy, T. J. McDonough, W. F. TI Re-187-Os-187 isotopic and highly siderophile element systematics of pallasites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID IIIAB IRONS; RE-OS C1 Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geol & Geoinformat Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM leesr@kigam.re.kr; rjwalker@geol.umd.edu; mccoy.tim@nmnh.si.edu; mcdonough@geol.umd.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A350 EP A350 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.708 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200707 ER PT J AU Peslier, AH Luhr, JF Woodland, AB Wolff, JA Meen, JK AF Peslier, A. H. Luhr, J. F. Woodland, A. B. Wolff, J. A. Meen, J. K. TI Estimating alkali basalt and kimberlite magma ascent rates using H diffusion profiles in xenolithic mantle olivine SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID HYDROGEN; WATER C1 Univ Houston, TcS UH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Smithsonian Inst, MNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM apeslier@mail.uh.edu; luhr@volcano.si.edu; woodland@em.uni-frankfurt.de; jawolff@mail.wsu.edu; jmeen@uh.edu RI Peslier, Anne/F-3956-2010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A484 EP A484 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1431 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201218 ER PT J AU Tamura, Y Tani, K Chang, Q Shukuno, H Kawabata, H Fiske, RS AF Tamura, Y. Tani, K. Chang, Q. Shukuno, H. Kawabata, H. Fiske, R. S. TI Wet and dry basalt magma evolution in Torishima volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: The possible role of phengite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 JAMSTEC, IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM tamuray@jamstec.go.jp NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A635 EP A635 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1182 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201517 ER PT J AU Poulsen, M Hughes, WOH Boomsma, JJ AF Poulsen, M. Hughes, W. O. H. Boomsma, J. J. TI Differential resistance and the importance of antibiotic production in Acromyrmex echinatior leaf-cutting ant castes towards the entomopathogenic fungus Aspergillus nomius SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Acromyrmex; Aspergillus; caste; entomopathogenic fungi; metapleural glands ID METAPLEURAL GLAND; GROWING ANTS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; MUTUALISTIC BACTERIA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ATTA-CEPHALOTES; SOCIAL INSECTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; OCTOSPINOSUS AB Paired exocrine metapleural glands are present in almost all ants and produce compounds with antibiotic properties towards a variety of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. In Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants, small workers have relatively large metapleural glands compared to large workers, and thus harbour approximately half the number of gland cells of large workers, despite being only one-fifteenth their body mass. Here we present results showing that when the two worker castes of A. echinatior are treated with spores of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus nomius in doses that correspond to the difference in metapleural gland cell numbers they do not differ in survival. However, we also show, for the first time, that small workers survive significantly longer than large workers when both are challenged with a dose of spores that corresponds to their difference in body mass. Furthermore, the time until Aspergillus nomius hyphae and spores appear on the cadavers of workers dead from infection, is significantly increased in the small worker caste. In addition to supporting previous findings that the metapleural glands have an important defence function, the results of this study indicate that the relatively large glands in small workers makes this caste particularly well adapted to preventing pathogenic microorganisms from entering the colony. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Biol, Dept Populat Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Poulsen, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Poulsen@wisc.edu; W.Hughes@sheffield.ac.uk; JJBoomsma@bi.ku.dk RI Hughes, William/A-6957-2014; Boomsma, Jacobus/M-2785-2014; Poulsen, Michael/C-6276-2012 OI Hughes, William/0000-0003-0951-9768; Boomsma, Jacobus/0000-0002-3598-1609; Poulsen, Michael/0000-0002-2839-1715 NR 58 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s00040-006-0880-y PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 068ES UT WOS:000239355900016 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Stars and numbers: Astronomy and mathematics in the medieval Arab and Western worlds. SO JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY LA English DT Book Review C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 16 RUTHERFORD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2HH, ENGLAND SN 0021-8286 J9 J HIST ASTRON JI J. Hist. Astron. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 BP 363 EP 363 PN 3 PG 1 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 072RR UT WOS:000239691200011 ER PT J AU Nicholas, CJ Pearson, PN Bown, PR Dunkley Jones, T Huber, BT Karega, A Lees, JA McMillan, IK O'Halloran, A Singano, JM Wade, BS AF Nicholas, Christopher J. Pearson, Paul N. Bown, Paul R. Dunkley Jones, Tom Huber, Brian T. Karega, Amina Lees, Jackie A. McMillan, Ian K. O'Halloran, Aoife Singano, Joyce M. Wade, Bridget S. TI Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Kilwa Group, southern coastal Tanzania SO JOURNAL OF AFRICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cretaceous; Paleogene; lithostratigraphy; Kilwa; group; formation; facies; sequence stratigraphy; petroleum ID SOUTHEASTERN TANZANIA; TEMPERATURES; FORAMINIFERA; ZONATION; AREA; WELL AB The geology of southern coastal Tanzania has remained poorly understood since the first comments on its stratigraphy were made over 100 years ago. However, new field surveys combined with shallow drilling along the coast between Kilwa and Lindi are beginning to resolve the depositional history and structural evolution of this region over the past 85 Ma. Here we present the first attempt to synthesize the results of these studies to provide a coherent sedimentological, litho- and sequence stratigraphic framework, including new geological maps, for the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of the coastal zone. Santonian to Oligocene sediments crop out along a broad coastal belt south of the Rufiji River from the Kilwa peninsula to Lindi Creek in southern Tanzania. During similar to 55 Ma, over 1 km of a broadly homogeneous, mid to outer shelf clay-dominated succession was deposited across the passive margin, which we define here as the Kilwa Group. This lies disconformably across the shelf on Albian marls and is itself unconformably overlain by shallow water Miocene clays and more recent limestones, sands and gravels. Four formations can be identified within the Kilwa Group on the basis of characteristic secondary lithologies and facies, described here for the first time; the Nangurukuru, Kivinje, Masoko and Pande Formations. These formations include conformable stratigraphic intervals through both the Paleocene-Eocene and Eocene-Oligocene boundaries. Within the Kilwa Group, 12 sequence stratigraphic cycles can be identified at present, demonstrating relatively uniform and continual subsidence across the margin from Santonian to Early Oligocene time. A further major bounding surface is present between the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene, but this may become partly conformable in the Lindi area. Although the principal lithology in all formations is clay or claystone, there are more permeable intervals containing pervasive coarser siliciclastic sediments and these have yielded traces of crude oil which is likely to have migrated from lower in the succession. The Kilwa Group thus also provides important new evidence for petroleum play development in the southern coastal zone. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dublin City Univ, Trinity Coll, Dept Geol, Dublin 2, Ireland. Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth Ocean & Planetary Sci, Cardiff CF10 3YE, S Glam, Wales. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20012 USA. Tanzania Petr Dev Corp, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Wright Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Nicholas, CJ (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Trinity Coll, Dept Geol, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM nicholyj@tcd.ie RI Pearson, Paul/B-2276-2009; Dunkley Jones, Tom/A-8441-2008; Bown, Paul/C-5235-2011; Wade, Bridget/F-4987-2014; OI Pearson, Paul/0000-0003-4628-9818; Dunkley Jones, Tom/0000-0002-9518-8143; LEES, JACKIE/0000-0003-0737-8826; Bown, Paul/0000-0001-6777-4463 NR 38 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-343X J9 J AFR EARTH SCI JI J. Afr. Earth Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4-5 BP 431 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2006.04.003 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 081CK UT WOS:000240294600006 ER PT J AU Anker, A Jeng, MS AF Anker, Arthur Jeng, Ming-Shiou TI Richalpheus palmeri, n. gen., n. sp., an infaunal alpheid shrimp from the philippines, with redescription of Amphibetaeus jousseaumei (Coutiere, 1896) (Decapoda : Caridea) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A new alpheid shrimp genus, Richalpheus, new genus, is established for R. palmeri, new species, from Panglao, Philippines, and based on a single specimen collected from a presumed thalassinidean burrow in a shallow lagoon. Richalpheus appears to be most closely related to Amphibetaeus Coutiere and Leptalpheus Williams (sensu lato). Richalpheus and Amphibetaeus share the presence of a non-functional fossa-tooth system on the fingers of the major cheliped, but the new genus differs from Amphibetaeus by the absence of pereiopodal epipods and the presence of only four segments in the carpus of the second pereiopod. The syntypes of Amphibetaeus jousseaumei, a species not collected since the original description by Coutiere, remain untraceable except for one major cheliped. Amphibetaeus jousseaumei is redescribed based on the original descriptions and illustrations of Coutiere scattered in older French publications, and on the newly rediscovered, diagnostic major cheliped, which is designated as lectotype of A. jousseaurnei. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Biodivers, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948,APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM ankera@si.edu; jengms@gate.sinica.edu.tw NR 16 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 379 EP 391 DI 10.1651/S-2647.1 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 084CB UT WOS:000240508200011 ER PT J AU Moreno, RS Kays, RW Samudio, R AF Moreno, Ricardo S. Kays, Roland W. Samudio, Rafael, Jr. TI Competitive release in diets of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and puma (Puma concolor) after jaguar (Panthera onca) decline SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; Carnivora; competitive release; diet; felid; predation ID FOOD-HABITS; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; BODY SIZE; CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; IRISH MUSTELIDS; SEED DISPERSAL; FOREST; CARNIVORES; EXTINCTIONS; DIVERSITY AB We used fecal analyses to document the diet of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and puma (Puma concolor) at 2 sites in central Panama. We detected puma on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) nearly every month during the study but never found evidence of jaguars (Panthera onca) at either site. Both ocelots and puma fed predominantly on mammalian prey, but consumed a diversity of species. Collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) and Central American red brocket (Mazama temama) were the most important food items for puma, whereas Central American agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata) and sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) were the most important for ocelots. Considerable overlap in diet was found between populations and species, but the diet of puma on BCI was significantly different from the 2 ocelot populations in containing more large prey, suggesting that dietary differences between these predator species are chiefly related to their relative body size. Comparing across larger scales, both populations of ocelots in our study ate larger prey than elsewhere in their range, suggesting that their fundamental niche includes more medium-sized prey than their realized niche in other sites. Puma on BCI ate proportionally more peccaries and deer than in most other populations. These unusual diets in the wake of a recent decline or local extinction of jaguars are consistent with a prey shift in response to competitive release. C1 New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Kays, RW (reprint author), New York State Museum & Sci Serv, 3140 CEC, Albany, NY 12230 USA. EM rkays@mail.nysed.gov NR 60 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 12 U2 79 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 87 IS 4 BP 808 EP 816 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-360R2.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 081FE UT WOS:000240301800020 ER PT J AU Rodenhouse, NL Sillett, TS Holmes, RT AF Rodenhouse, N. L. Sillett, T. S. Holmes, R. T. TI Multiple interacting anthropogenic factors create ecological traps in space and time SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 01770 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Sci Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM nrodenho@wellesley.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200076 ER PT J AU Burtt, EH Saranathan, V Bisson, IA AF Burtt, E. H., Jr. Saranathan, V Bisson, I.-A. TI An ecosystem in feathers SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Zool, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ehburtt@owu.edu; vinodkumar.saranathan@yale.edu; bissoni@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200113 ER PT J AU Harshman, J Braun, EL Braun, MJ Hackett, SJ Han, KL Huddleston, CJ Kimball, RT Marks, BD Miglia, KJ Moore, WA Reddy, S Sheldon, FH Steadman, D Yuri, T Witt, C AF Harshman, J. Braun, E. L. Braun, M. J. Hackett, S. J. Han, K-L Huddleston, C. J. Kimball, R. T. Marks, B. D. Miglia, K. J. Moore, W. A. Reddy, S. Sheldon, F. H. Steadman, D. Yuri, T. Witt, C. TI Early Bird, an international collaboration in deep molecular phylogenetics of birds: Can four million bases resolve the tree? SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jharshman@pacbell.net NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200138 ER PT J AU Marra, PP Studds, CE AF Marra, P. P. Studds, C. E. TI The role of climate in driving within-season performance and carry-over effects from the non-breeding season for a long-distance migratory bird SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM marrap@si.edu; studdsc@si.edu RI Studds, Colin/C-3701-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200228 ER PT J AU Braun, MJ AF Braun, M. J. TI The utility of introns and other non-coding DNA sequences for deep-node phylogenetic inference SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM braun@lab.si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200286 ER PT J AU Ellis, HI Jehl, JR AF Ellis, H., I Jehl Jr, J. R. TI Energy costs and food requirements of Eared Grebes during autumnal staging SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, Ctr Comparat Physiol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. US Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ellis@sandiego.edu; Grebe5k@cs.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 163 EP 163 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313201044 ER PT J AU Rodenhouse, NL Sillett, TS Holmes, RT AF Rodenhouse, N. L. Sillett, T. S. Holmes, R. T. TI Effects of weather on a nearctic-neotropical migrant songbird: Implications for climate change SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 01770 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM nrodenho@wellesley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 238 EP 238 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313201314 ER PT J AU Wajntal, A Sarubbi Raposo do Amaral, F Miller, MJ Fabio, SL Bermingham, E AF Wajntal, A. Sarubbi Raposo do Amaral, F. Miller, M. J. Fabio, Silveira L. Bermingham, E. TI Molecular systematics of the genus Leucopternis (Accipitridae) based on mitochondrial DNA markers SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet Biol Evol, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Zool, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM aniwa@usp.br; fabioraposo@hotmail.com; birdgenes@gmail.com; lfsilvei@usp.br; bermingb@si.edu RI Miller, Matthew/B-4560-2008 OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2939-0239 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 268 EP 269 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313201422 ER PT J AU Ireland, RR Robinson, H Bellolio, G AF Ireland, Robert R. Robinson, Harold Bellolio, Gilda TI On the distribution and morphology of Hebantia rigida (Bryopsida, Polytrichaceae) SO JOURNAL OF THE HATTORI BOTANICAL LABORATORY LA English DT Article AB Numerous new collections are reported for the Chilean monotypic, endemic genus Hebantia (Polytrichaceae), mainly as a result of extensive field work in the Bio-Bio Region in the south-central part of the country. A complete list of collections of H. rigida (Lorentz) G. L. S. Merrill is provided. The ecology of the species, previously unknown, is discussed. Several morphological features are shown in SEM micrographs and light microscopy. The morphology of the male and female plants is found to differ in a number of features C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Dept Bot, Flora Chile Project, Concepcion, Chile. RP Ireland, RR (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HATTORI BOTANICAL LABORATORY PI MIYAZAKI-KEN PA OBI, NICHINAN-SHI, MIYAZAKI-KEN, 889-2535, JAPAN SN 0073-0912 J9 J HATTORI BOT LAB JI J. Hattori Bot. Lab. PD AUG PY 2006 IS 100 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 083QQ UT WOS:000240473700017 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, Martin R. TI The unyielding clamor of the night. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 131 IS 13 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 071RP UT WOS:000239619700061 ER PT J AU Pertola, S Faust, MA Kuosa, H AF Pertola, Sari Faust, Maria A. Kuosa, Harri TI Survey on germination and species composition of dinoflagellates from ballast tanks and recent sediments in ports on the South Coast of Finland, North-Eastern Baltic Sea SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ballast water; Baltic Sea; dinoflagellate cyst; germination; Gulf of Finland; recent sediments in ports ID PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM DINOPHYCEAE; PERIDINIUM-QUINQUECORNE ABE; MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; ALEXANDRIUM-TAMARENSE; RESTING CYSTS; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; HIROSHIMA BAY; TOXIN CONTENT; GROWTH; SALINITY AB Cyst beds in ships and ports in Finland have previously been unstudied. Therefore, sediments from ships' ballast water tanks and four Finnish ports were sampled for dinoflagellate cysts and other phytoplankton. Untreated sediments were incubated at 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C in the local 6 psu salinity for 1, 4 and 7 days, and vegetative cells were examined with light and scanning electron microscope. Sediments were inhabited by various dinoflagellates, diatoms, chlorophytes, cyanophytes and small flagellates. Germinated dinoflagellates were found in 90% of ballast tanks and in all ports. Gymnodiniales spp. and Heterocapsa rotundata formed a major proportion of the proliferating dinoflagellate cells. One species, Peridinium quinquecorne, not previously reported from the Baltic Sea, was identified with SEM. The study emphasises that ships are potential transport vehicles for dinoflagellate cysts even in the low salinity Finnish waters, and small-sized dinoflagellates should be focused upon in ballast water studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Finnish Inst Marine Res, Dept Biol Res, FI-00561 Helsinki, Finland. US Natl Herbarium, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Helsinki, Tvarminne Zool Stn, FI-10900 Hango, Finland. RP Pertola, S (reprint author), Finnish Inst Marine Res, Dept Biol Res, POB 2, FI-00561 Helsinki, Finland. EM sari.pertola@fimr.fi NR 61 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 52 IS 8 BP 900 EP 911 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.028 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 086SN UT WOS:000240693400017 PM 16442131 ER PT J AU Burbine, TH McCoy, TJ Hinrichs, JL Lucey, PG AF Burbine, T. H. McCoy, T. J. Hinrichs, J. L. Lucey, P. G. TI Spectral properties of angrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANGRA-DOS-REIS; ASTEROID SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; CA-RICH CLINOPYROXENES; MAIN-BELT; BASALTIC ACHONDRITE; PHASE-II; 4 VESTA; METEORITES; ORIGIN; MINERALOGY AB Angrites are generally believed to be fragments of a basaltic asteroid that differentiated under relatively oxidizing conditions. Almost all angrites (e.g., D'Orbigny, Lewis Cliff [LEW] 86010, and Sahara 99555) are composed predominately of anorthite, Al-Ti diopside-hedenbergite, and Ca-rich olivine, except for the type specimen, Angra dos Reis, which is composed almost entirely of Al-Ti diopside-hedenbergite. D'Orbigny, LEW 86010, and Sahara 99555 also have spectral properties very different from Angra dos Reis. These newly measured angrites all have broad absorption features centered near 1 mu m with very weak to absent absorption bands at similar to 2 mu m, which is characteristic of some clinopyroxenes. The spectrum of Angra dos Reis has the characteristic 1 and 2 mu m features due to pyroxene. One asteroid, 3819 Robinson, has similar spectral properties to the newly measured angrites in the visible wavelength region, but does not appear to spectrally match these angrites in the near-infrared. C1 Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NovaSol, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Burbine, TH (reprint author), Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. EM tburbine@mtholyoke.edu NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1139 EP 1145 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 075UL UT WOS:000239910600002 ER PT J AU Cloutis, EA Binzel, RP Burbine, TH Gaffey, MJ McCoy, TJ AF Cloutis, Edward A. Binzel, Richard P. Burbine, Thomas H. Gaffey, Michael J. McCoy, Timothy J. TI Asteroid 3628 Boznemcova: Covered with angrite-like basalts? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; DOS-REIS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; REFLECTANCE; METEORITES; ACHONDRITE; DORBIGNY; GENESIS; ORIGIN; GEOCHEMISTRY AB A detailed analysis of the reflectance spectrum of asteroid 3628 Boznemcova, previously identified as a possible ordinary chondrite parent body, indicates that its surface consists of an assemblage dominated by clinopyroxene and plagioclase feldspar. The clinopyroxene is Fe2+-bearing (likely in the range Fs(similar to 10-20)), with > 90% of the Fe2+ being present in the M1 crystallographic site (spectral type A). The clinopyroxene:plagioclase feldspar ratio is between similar to 2 and 3 (similar to 55-75% clinopyroxene, similar to 20-33% plagioclase feldspar). If olivine is present, the clinopyroxene:olivine ratio is >similar to 3 (< 20% olivine). The derived mineralogy of Boznemcova is most similar, but not identical, to the known angrite meteorites. The data suggest that Boznemcova formed by melting and differentiation of an oxidized chondritic precursor and probably represents an unsampled angrite-like body. C1 Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ N Dakota, Space Studies Dept, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Cloutis, EA (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. EM e.cloutis@uwinnipeg.ca NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1147 EP 1161 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 075UL UT WOS:000239910600003 ER PT J AU Burbine, TH Binzel, RP Buchanan, PC Mccoy, TJ Sunshine, JM Rivkin, AS AF Burbine, T. H. Binzel, R. P. Buchanan, P. C. McCoy, T. J. Sunshine, J. M. Rivkin, A. S. TI How does the mineralogy of vestoids vary with ejection velocity from 4 Vesta? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe ID METEORITES; ORIGIN; VESTA C1 Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde Mineral, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM tburbine@mtholyoke.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A32 EP A32 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300044 ER PT J AU Grossman, JN MacPherson, GJ Vicenzi, EP Alexander, CMO AF Grossman, J. N. MacPherson, G. J. Vicenzi, E. P. Alexander, C. M. O'D. TI A spectacular compound chondrule-CAI in Northwest Africa 2918, a new CO3.1 chondrite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe ID INCLUSIONS C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM jgrossman@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A69 EP A69 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300118 ER PT J AU Mayne, RG Gale, A Mccoy, TJ McSween, HY Sunshine, JM AF Mayne, R. G. Gale, A. McCoy, T. J. McSween, H. Y., Jr. Sunshine, J. M. TI The unbrecciated eucrites: Vesta's complex crust SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rmayne@utk.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A117 EP A117 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300215 ER PT J AU Mccoy, TJ Gale, A AF McCoy, T. J. Gale, A. TI Pyroclastic volcanism on the aubrite parent body: Evidence from an Fe,Ni-FeS clast in LAR 04316 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A119 EP A119 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300218 ER PT J AU McCoy, TJ AF McCoy, Timothy J. TI 2006 Leonard Medal for Michael J. Gaffey SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McCoy, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A5 EP A6 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300001 ER PT J AU Reynolds, VS Mccoy, TJ McDonough, WF AF Reynolds, V. S. McCoy, T. J. McDonough, W. F. TI Milton pallasite and the South Byron iron trio: A grouplet formed by oxidation and fractional crystallization SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe ID METEORITES C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A147 EP A147 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300275 ER PT J AU Righter, K Harvey, RP Schutt, J Satterwhite, C McBride, KM Mccoy, TJ Welzenbach, L AF Righter, K. Harvey, R. P. Schutt, J. Satterwhite, C. McBride, K. M. McCoy, T. J. Welzenbach, L. TI The great diversity of planetary materials returned from the Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 NASA, ESCG, Jacobs Sverdrup, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kevin.righter-l@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300277 ER PT J AU Rost, D Vicenzi, EP Fries, M Steele, A AF Rost, D. Vicenzi, E. P. Fries, M. Steele, A. TI The nature of the lithium-rich phase found in MIL 03346 mesostasis SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe ID OXIDATION; OLIVINE C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM rostd@si.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A153 EP A153 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300286 ER PT J AU Schroder, C Gellert, R Jolliff, BL Klingelhofer, G Mccoy, TJ Morris, RV Rodionov, DS de Souza, PA Yen, AS Zipfel, J AF Schroeder, C. Gellert, R. Jolliff, B. L. Klingelhoefer, G. McCoy, T. J. Morris, R. V. Rodionov, D. S. de Souza, P. A. Yen, A. S., Jr. Zipfel, J. CA Athena Sci Team TI A stony meteorite discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity on Meridiani Planum, Mars SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. CVRD Grp, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Forschungsinst & Nat Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany. EM schroedc@uni-mainz.de RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A160 EP A160 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300300 ER PT J AU Smith, CL Welzenbach, LC AF Smith, C. L. Welzenbach, L. C. TI "The curator's dilemma" revisted - Challenges for meteorite collections in the 21st century SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Hist Nat, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM C.L.Smith@nhm.ac.uk NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A164 EP A164 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300308 ER PT J AU Tronche, EJ Hewins, RH MacPherson, GJ AF Tronche, E. J. Hewins, R. H. MacPherson, G. J. TI Aluminum-rich chondrules and type CCaIS: An experimental comparison of formation conditions SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 MNHN, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, F-75005 Paris, France. CNRS, UMS2679, F-75005 Paris, France. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A175 EP A175 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300331 ER PT J AU Welzenbach, LC Mccoy, TJ AF Welzenbach, L. C. Mccoy, T. J. TI Meteorites from hot and cold deserts: What's there, what's missing and why we should care SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A215 EP A215 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300407 ER PT J AU Carney, KM Matson, PA AF Carney, Karen M. Matson, Pamela A. TI The influence of tropical plant diversity and composition on soil microbial communities SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY; BACTERIAL; PRODUCTIVITY; CARBON; POPULATION; DYNAMICS AB There is growing interest in understanding the linkages between above- and belowground communities, and very little is known about these linkages in tropical systems. Using an experimental site at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, we examined whether plant diversity, plant community composition, and season influenced microbial communities. We also determined whether soil characteristics were related to differences in microbial communities. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition revealed that microbial community composition differed across a plant diversity gradient (plots contained 1, 3, 5, or over 25 species). Plant species identity also was a factor influencing microbial community composition; PLFA composition significantly varied among monocultures, and among three-species combinations that differed in plant species composition. Differences among treatments within each of these comparisons were apparent in all four sampling dates of the study. There was no consistent shift in microbial community composition between wet and dry seasons, although we did see significant changes over time. Of all measured soil characteristics, soil C/N was most often associated with changes in microbial community composition across treatment groups. Our findings provide evidence for human alteration of soil microbial communities via the alteration of plant community composition and diversity and that such changes are mediated in part by changes in soil carbon quality. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Carney, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM karen.carney@gmail.com NR 62 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 226 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9115-z PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 083TL UT WOS:000240481000007 PM 16897297 ER PT J AU Beard, JS Sorensen, SS Giere, R AF Beard, J. S. Sorensen, S. S. Giere, R. TI REE zoning in allanite related to changing partition coefficients during crystallization: implications for REE behaviour in an epidote-bearing tonalite SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE allanite; zoning; REE; partitioning; tonalite ID MAGMATIC EPIDOTE; GROUP MINERALS; TH-PB; ELEMENT; EVOLUTION; MELTS AB Allanite is present in most samples of the tonalitic Bell Island Pluton, with an average mode near 0.05 wt.%. Allanite occurs as cores in igneous epidote-clinozoisite and exhibits characteristic and consistent zoning patterns. REE-rich cores (All(40-70)) grade out towards epidote-clinozoisite with REE below electron microprobe detection limits. La, Cc and Pr contents are highest in the REE-rich cores of zoned crystals. Nd and Sm contents both initially increase as total REE decreases and are highest in intermediate zones. Y contents are generally low throughout, but tend to be highest in analyses with All(5-20). The zoning behaviour exhibited by the allanite, specifically the rimward increases in Nd, Sm, and Y, cannot be accounted for by simple fractionation and are best explained by increases in allanite/ melt partition coefficients (K-d values) for these elements during crystallization. We propose that the variation in K-d values reflects modification of the allanite structure with changing REE content. These modifications are manifested by changes in colour, extinction, and pleochroism within the zoned crystals and include changes in unit-cell volume and dimensions. The changes in K-d values are large enough to result in crossing REE patterns within single allanite crystals. Fractional crystallization of zoned allanite can have noticeable effects on LREE contents and La/Sm (and almost certainly La/Lu) in magmas. In the Bell Island pluton, 80% of La, but < 3% of Y is contained in allanite. Although some of the variation in the LREE chemistry of the pluton is attributable to statistical sampling error, much of it appears to reflect petrogenetic processes that controlled LREE abundance and, ultimately, allanite mode. One sample of Bell Island tonalite is depleted in LREE and has low La/Lu and La/Sm. These chemical features can be modelled by fractionation of zoned allanite. C1 Virginia Museum Nat Hist, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Freiburg, Mineral Geochem Inst, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Beard, JS (reprint author), Virginia Museum Nat Hist, 1001 Douglas Ave, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. EM jbeard@vmnh.net NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 17 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 419 EP 435 DI 10.1180/0026461067040337 PG 17 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 107XJ UT WOS:000242204000007 ER PT J AU Stawarz, L Aharonian, F Kataoka, J Ostrowski, M Siemiginowska, A Sikora, M AF Stawarz, L. Aharonian, F. Kataoka, J. Ostrowski, M. Siemiginowska, A. Sikora, M. TI Dynamics and high-energy emission of the flaring HST-1 knot in the M 87 jet SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; shock waves; galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; galaxies : individual; M 87 ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; M87 JET; SUPERLUMINAL MOTION; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; UNIFIED SCHEMES; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB Stimulated by recent observations of a giant radio-to-X-ray synchrotron flare from Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-1, the innermost knot of the M 87 jet, as well as by the detection of a very high energy gamma-ray emission from M 87, we investigated the dynamics and multiwavelength emission of the HST-1 region. We study thermal pressure of the hot interstellar medium in M 87 and argue for the presence of a gaseous condensation in its central parts. We postulate that this additional feature is linked to the observed central stellar cusp of the elliptical host. Interaction of the jet with such a feature is likely to result in the formation of a stationary converging/diverging reconfinement/reflected shock structure in the innermost parts of the M 87 jet. We show that for a realistic set of the outflow parameters, a stationary and a flaring part of the HST-1 knot located similar to 100 pc away from the active centre can be associated with the decelerated portion of the jet matter placed immediately downstream of the point where the reconfinement shock reaches the jet axis. We discuss a possible scenario explaining a broad-band brightening of the HST-1 region related to the variable activity of the central core. In particular, we show that assuming a previous epoch of the high central black hole activity resulting in ejection of excess particles and photons down along the jet, one may first expect a high-energy flare of HST-1 due to inverse-Comptonization of the nuclear radiation, followed after a few years by an increase in the synchrotron continuum of this region. The synchrotron flare itself could be accompanied by a subsequent inverse-Compton brightening due to upscattering of the ambient (mostly starlight) photons. If this is the case, then the recently observed order-of-magnitude increase in the knot luminosity in all spectral bands could be regarded as an unusual echo of the order-of-magnitude outburst that had happened previously (and could be eventually observed some similar to 40 yr ago) in the highly relativistic active core of the M 87 radio galaxy. We show that very high energy gamma-ray fluxes expected in a framework of the proposed scenario are consistent with the observed ones. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Landessternwarte Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Astron M Kopernika, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Stawarz, L (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Lukasz.Stawarz@mpi-hd.mpg.de NR 73 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 2 BP 981 EP 992 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10525.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 064VF UT WOS:000239117100033 ER PT J AU Philpott, SM AF Philpott, Stacy M. TI Ant patchiness: a spatially quantitative test in coffee agroecosystems SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MANAGEMENT INTENSITY; COCOA FARMS; DIVERSITY; MOSAICS; MAINTENANCE; PLANTATIONS; ABUNDANCE; MEXICO AB Arboreal ants form patchy spatial patterns in tropical agroforest canopies. Such patchy distributions more likely occur in disturbed habitats associated with lower ant diversity and resource availability than in forests. Yet, few studies have quantitatively examined these patchy patterns to statistically test if ants are non-randomly distributed or at what scale. Coffee agroecosystems form a gradient of management intensification along which vegetative complexity and ant diversity decline. Using field studies and a spatially explicit randomization model, I investigated ant patchiness in coffee agroecosystems in Chiapas, Mexico varying in management intensity to examine if: (1) coffee intensification affects occurrence of numerically dominant ants, (2) numerical dominants form statistically distinguishable single-species patches in coffee plants, (3) shade trees play a role in patch location, and (4) patch formation or size varies with management intensity. Coffee intensification correlated with lower occurrence frequency of numerically dominant species generally and of one of four taxa examined. All dominant ant species formed patches but only Azteca instabilis was patchy around shade trees. Ant patchiness did vary somewhat with spatial scale and with strata (within the coffee layer vs around shade trees). Patchiness, however, did not vary with management intensity. These results provide quantitative evidence that numerically dominant ants are patchy within the coffee layer at different scales and that shade tree location, but not coffee management intensity, may play a role in the formation of patchy distributions. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Philpott, SM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM philpotts@si.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD AUG PY 2006 VL 93 IS 8 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s00114-006-0123-0 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 067KH UT WOS:000239300300004 PM 16676158 ER PT J AU Roisin, Y Dejean, A Corbara, B Orivel, J Samaniego, M Leponce, M AF Roisin, Yves Dejean, Alain Corbara, Bruno Orivel, Jerome Samaniego, Mirna Leponce, Maurice TI Vertical stratification of the termite assemblage in a neotropical rainforest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE canopy; Isoptera; Panama; species richness; vertical distribution ID CLOUD FOREST; NASUTITERMES ISOPTERA; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; CANOPY; DIVERSITY; SOIL; BIODIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB The importance of termites as decomposers in tropical forests has long been recognized. Studies on the richness and diversity of termite species and their ecological function have flourished in more recent times, but these have been mostly conducted in a thin stratum within a standing man's reach. Our aims were to evaluate the specific richness and composition of the termite assemblage in the canopy of a tropical rainforest and to determine its originality with respect to the sympatric ground-level fauna. We conducted systematic searches for canopy termites, together with conventional sampling of the sympatric ground-level fauna, in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We hypothesized that (1) the canopy accommodates two categories of wood-feeding termites (long-distance foragers and small-colony "one-piece" species) and possibly soil-feeders in suspended soil-like habitats; (2) due to the abundance of soil-feeders, the overall diversity of the ground fauna is higher than that of the canopy; (3) differences in microclimate and resource accessibility favour vertical stratification among wood-feeders. Sixty-three canopy samples yielded ten species of termites, all wood-feeders. Five of these were not found at ground level, although a total of 243 ground samples were collected, representing 29 species. In addition to long-distance foragers (Microcerotermes and Nasutitermes spp.) and small-colony termites (mostly Kalotermitidae), the canopy fauna included Termes hispaniolae, a wood-feeding Termitidae from an allegedly soil-feeding genus, living in large dead branches. Soil-feeders were absent from the canopy, probably because large epiphytes were scarce. As predicted, the ground fauna was much richer than that of the canopy, but the species richness of both habitats was similar when only wood-feeders were considered. Vertical stratification was strongly marked among wood-feeders, as all common species, apart from the arboreal-nesting Microcerotermes arboreus, could unequivocally be assigned to either a ground or a canopy group. The canopy, therefore, contributes significantly to the total species richness of the termite assemblage, and the diversity, abundance and ecological importance of canopy termites in tropical rainforests may be higher than previously recognized. C1 Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Operat Canopee & LAPSCO, UMR 6024, CNRS, F-63037 Clermont Ferrand, France. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Sect Conservat Biol, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Roisin, Y (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, CP 160-12,Ave FD Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM yroisin@ulb.ac.be RI Roisin, Yves/C-1378-2010; Orivel, Jerome/C-4034-2011; OI Dejean, Alain/0000-0002-3561-2248; Orivel, Jerome/0000-0002-5636-3228; CORBARA, Bruno/0000-0003-4232-8234 NR 72 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2006 VL 149 IS 2 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0449-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073ID UT WOS:000239735300012 PM 16791633 ER PT J AU Novikova, I Phillips, DF Zibrov, AS Walsworth, RL Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI AF Novikova, Irina Phillips, David F. Zibrov, Alexander S. Walsworth, Ronald L. Taichenachev, Aleksei V. Yudin, Valeriy I. TI Comparison of Rb-87 N-resonances for D-1 and D-2 transitions SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCK; MAGNETOMETER; SHIFTS; VAPOR AB We report an experimental comparison of three-photon-absorption resonances (N-resonances) for the D-1 and D-2 optical transitions of thermal Rb-87 vapor. We find that the D-2 N-resonance has better contrast. a broader linewidth, and a more symmetric line shape than the D-1 N-resonance. Taken together, these factors imply superior performance for frequency standards operating on alkali D-2 N-resonances, in contrast with coherent population trapping resonances, for which the D-2 transition provides poorer frequency standard performance than the D-1 transition. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SB RAS, Inst Laser Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Novikova, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM inovikova@cfa.harvard.edu RI Novikova, Irina/B-9041-2008; Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014 OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066; NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 15 BP 2353 EP 2355 DI 10.1364/OL.31.002353 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 065QB UT WOS:000239173300037 PM 16832483 ER PT J AU Idziaszek, Z Calarco, T AF Idziaszek, Zbigniew Calarco, Tommaso TI Analytical solutions for the dynamics of two trapped interacting ultracold atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FERMI GAS; CONDENSATION; RESONANCES AB We discuss exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation for the system of two ultracold atoms confined in an axially symmetric harmonic potential. We investigate different geometries of the trapping potential, in particular we study the properties of eigenenergies and eigenfunctions for quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional traps. We show that the quasi-one-dimensional and the quasi-two-dimensional regimes for two atoms can be already realized in the traps with moderately large (or small) ratios of the trapping frequencies in the axial and the transverse directions. Finally, we apply our theory to Feshbach resonances for trapped atoms. Introducing in our description an energy-dependent scattering length we calculate analytically the eigenenergies for two trapped atoms in the presence of a Feshbach resonance. C1 CNR, INFM, BEC Ctr, I-38050 Povo, TN, Italy. Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Fiz Teoretycznej, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. ECT, I-38050 Villazzano, TN, Italy. Harvard Univ, ITAMP, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Idziaszek, Z (reprint author), CNR, INFM, BEC Ctr, I-38050 Povo, TN, Italy. NR 35 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 AR 022712 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.022712 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 080HK UT WOS:000240238300073 ER PT J AU Pohl, T Labeyrie, G Kaiser, R AF Pohl, T. Labeyrie, G. Kaiser, R. TI Self-driven nonlinear dynamics in magneto-optical traps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; RADIATION PRESSURE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SODIUM ATOMS; FORCE; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY AB We present a theoretical model describing recently observed collective effects in large magneto-optically trapped atomic ensembles. Based on a kinetic description, we develop an efficient test particle method, which, in addition to the single-atom light pressure, accounts for other relevant effects such as laser attenuation and forces due to multiply scattered light with position-dependent absorption cross sections. Our calculations confirm the existence of a dynamical instability and provide deeper insights into the observed system dynamics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Non Lineaire Nice, UMR 6618, F-06560 Valbonne, France. RP Pohl, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013; kaiser, robin/J-3641-2014 OI kaiser, robin/0000-0001-5194-3680 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 AR 023409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.023409 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 080HK UT WOS:000240238300093 ER PT J AU Gerardo, NM Jacobs, SR Currie, CR Mueller, UG AF Gerardo, Nicole M. Jacobs, Sarah R. Currie, Cameron R. Mueller, Ulrich G. TI Ancient host-pathogen associations maintained by specificity of chemotaxis and antibiosis SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; GENE-FOR-GENE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MICROBE SYMBIOSIS; PARASITE; EVOLUTION; AGRICULTURE; ECOLOGY; RECOGNITION; COEVOLUTION AB Switching by parasites to novel hosts has profound effects on ecological and evolutionary disease dynamics. Switching requires that parasites are able to establish contact with novel hosts and to overcome host defenses. For most host parasite associations, it is unclear as to what specific mechanisms prevent infection of novel hosts. Here, we show that parasitic fungal species in the genus Escovopsis, which attack and consume the fungi cultivated by fungus-growing ants, are attracted to their hosts via chemotaxis. This response is host-specific: Escovopsis spp. grow towards their natural host cultivars more rapidly than towards other closely related fungi. Moreover, the cultivated fungi secrete compounds that can suppress Escovopsis growth. These antibiotic defenses are likewise specific: in most interactions, cultivars can inhibit growth of Escovopsis spp. not known to infect them in nature but cannot inhibit isolates of their naturally infecting pathogens. Cases in which cultivars are susceptible to novel Escovopsis are limited to a narrow set of host-parasite strain combinations. Targeted chemotactic and antibiotic responses therefore explain why Escovopsis pathogens do not readily switch to novel hosts, consequently constraining long-term dynamics of host-parasite coevolution within this ancient association. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. Duke Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Gerardo, NM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ngerardo@email.arizona.edu NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 4 IS 8 BP 1358 EP 1363 AR e235 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040235 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 077DH UT WOS:000240007400008 PM 16805647 ER PT J AU Small, LM AF Small, Lawrence M. TI Banner renovation - The National Museum of American History will undergo a dramatic makeover SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Small, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 066UH UT WOS:000239255100009 ER PT J AU Brown, J AF Brown, Janine TI Saving Asian elephants ('Trunk Shows') SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonians Natl Zoo Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Brown, J (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zoo Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5 BP 99 EP 100 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 066UH UT WOS:000239255100023 ER PT J AU David, J AF David, James TI Astronaut photography and the intelligence community: Who saw what? SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article AB Despite NASA's astronaut photography benefiting a wide range of civilian interests, it occasionally conflicted directly with the critical national security requirement to protect the National Reconnaissance Program from public disclosure or compromise. The Intelligence Community consequently imposed a number of restrictions, from reviewing the photography before public release to limiting the capabilities of NASA's image-forming sensors. At the same time, beginning in the Mercury program the Intelligence Community acquired and analyzed some of the photography as a possible source of intelligence data that otherwise was not being collected. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Space Hist Div, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP David, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Space Hist Div, Natl Air & Space Museum, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM davidj@si.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2006.05.004 PG 9 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 086KR UT WOS:000240672700006 ER PT J AU Kress, WJ Krupnick, GA AF Kress, W. John Krupnick, Gary A. TI The future of Floras: new frameworks, new technologies, new uses SO TAXON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kress, WJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kressj@si.edu OI Krupnick, Gary/0000-0002-1357-4826 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 579 EP 580 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 088NI UT WOS:000240818000004 ER PT J AU Funk, VA AF Funk, Victoria A. TI Floras: a model for biodiversity studies or a thing of the past? SO TAXON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Smithsonian Botanical Symposium on Future of Floras - New Frameworks, New Technologies, New Uses CY APR 15-16, 2005 CL Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC SP US Botan Garden HO Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist DE biodiversity; conservation; Faunas; Floras; systematics; taxonomy ID BIOLOGY AB Floras (and Faunas) have a rich history that involves examining questions on evolution and biogeography. However, in recent publications Floras have been viewed as an end unto themselves, separate from clade-based monographs and evolutionary studies. Floras are not a separate entity but rather a part of a continuum that involves databases, checklists, floras, biodiversity studies, and conservation biology as well as monographs. As the importance of Floras and related studies has become more apparent, there have been comments about the lag time between when specimens are collected and when they are identified, the amount of time it takes to describe new taxa, and how long it takes to finish floras and other projects. Some have referred to this as the "Taxonomic Impediment", and it is sometimes laid at the feet of taxonomists. Taxonomists can become more efficient by using various on-line resources and this will continue to speed up as more literature, etc. become available but the impediments to taxonomy are many, not the least of which is a lack of funding and the dwindling number of taxonomists. Changes in how systematists work and interact with other branches of science must take place in order to speed up research and re-establish the importance of Floras but only a substantial infusion of funds and personnel will really accelerate our progress. C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Funk, VA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fitnkv@si.edu NR 28 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 088NI UT WOS:000240818000005 ER PT J AU Agarwal, G Belhumeur, P Feiner, S Jacobs, D Jacobs, D Kress, WJ Ramamoorthi, R Bourg, NA Dixit, N Ling, HB Mahajan, D Russell, R Shirdhonkar, S Sunkavalli, K White, S AF Agarwal, Gaurav Belhumeur, Peter Feiner, Steven Jacobs, David Jacobs, David Kress, W. John Ramamoorthi, Ravi Bourg, Norman A. Dixit, Nandan Ling, Haibin Mahajan, Dhruv Russell, Rusty Shirdhonkar, Sameer Sunkavalli, Kalyan White, Sean TI First steps toward an electronic field guide for plants SO TAXON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Smithsonian Botanical Symposium on Future of Floras - New Frameworks, New Technologies, New Uses CY APR 15-16, 2005 CL Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC SP US Botan Garden HO Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist DE augmented reality; computer vision; content-based image retrieval; electronic field guide; innerdistance; mobile computing; shape matching; species identification; type specimens; recognition; wearable computing ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; FACE RECOGNITION; SHOCK GRAPHS; SEED PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; INFORMATICS; REVOLUTION; SHAPES AB We describe an ongoing project to digitize information about plant specimens and make it available to botanists in the field. This first requires digital images and models, and then effective retrieval and mobile computing mechanisms for accessing this information. We have almost completed a digital archive of the collection of type specimens at the Smithsonian Institution Department of Botany. Using these and additional images, we have also constructed prototype electronic field guides for the flora of Plummers Island. Our guides use a novel computer vision algorithm to compute leaf similarity. This algorithm is integrated into image browsers that assist a user in navigating a large collection of images to identify the species of a new specimen. For example, our systems allow a user to photograph a leaf and use this image to retrieve a set of leaves with similar shapes. We measured the effectiveness of one of these systems with recognition experiments on a large dataset of images. and with user studies of the complete retrieval system. In addition, we describe future directions for acquiring models of more complex, 3D specimens, and for using new methods in wearable computing to interact with data in the 3D environment in which it is acquired. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC 166, US Natl Herbarium,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Jacobs, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, AV Williams Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM djacobs@umiacs.umd OI Bourg, Norman/0000-0002-7443-1992 NR 71 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT PI BRATISLAVA PA C/O INST BOTANY, SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, SK-845 23 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 597 EP 610 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 088NI UT WOS:000240818000007 ER PT J AU Cowan, RS Chase, MW Kress, WJ Savolainen, V AF Cowan, Robyn S. Chase, Mark W. Kress, W. John Savolainen, Vincent TI 300,000 species to identify: problems, progress, and prospects in DNA barcoding of land plants SO TAXON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Smithsonian Botanical Symposium on Future of Floras - New Frameworks, New Technologies, New Uses CY APR 15-16, 2005 CL Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC SP US Botan Garden HO Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist DE angiosperms; biodiversity; cytochrome c oxidase; herbarium; ITS; land plants; plastid genome; trnH-psbA ID NONCODING CHLOROPLAST DNA; ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; TAXONOMY; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETICS; DELIMITATION; SYSTEMATICS; SEQUENCES; GENOMES; REGIONS AB DNA barcodes have been successfully applied to a limited number of animal groups with the application of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. Recently two DNA regions, the plastid trnH-psbA spacer and nuclear ribosomal ITS region, have been shown to have potential as an identification barcode for land plants, although with some significant drawbacks. The ideal barcode should be relatively short in length (similar to 700 bp),. more variable between than within species, and easily amplifiable with universal primers. Building on current success, ongoing investigations are searching for the best barcode to apply to all land plants. Once established, a plant barcode may be effectively used in biodiversity inventories, conservation assessments, and applied forensic investigations. Advances in sequencing technology and the completion of the DNA barcode library have the potential to provide the public with increased access to information about the natural world. C1 Royal Bot Gardens, Jodrell Lab, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, England. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, US Natl herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cowan, RS (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Jodrell Lab, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, England. EM r.cowan@kew.org RI Chase, Mark /A-6642-2011 NR 40 TC 81 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 25 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 088NI UT WOS:000240818000008 ER PT J AU Harasewych, MG Sedberry, GR AF Harasewych, M. G. Sedberry, George R. TI Rediscovery, range extension, and redescription of Calliostoma torrei Clench and Aguayo, 1940 (Gastropoda : Vetigastropoda : Calliostomatidae) SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article AB Two living specimens of Calliostonia torrei were recently collected feeding on bamboo coral (Keratoisis ornata Verrill, 1878) east of Jacksonville, Florida, at a depth of 843 m. This represents a considerable range extension of a species that was previously known only from the holotype, collected dead off Matanzas, Cuba, in 704 meters. A redescription of the shell and first descriptions of the operculum, gross anatomy, and radular morphology are provided; partial sequences of the genes for 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase I have been determined and added to the GenBank database. These new data Suggest that Calliostoma rugosion, Quinn, 1992, from unknown depths in the Straits of Florida is a synonym of G torrei. The radula most closely resembles that of C. yncatecanum Dall, 1881, suggesting placement in Calliostoma sensu stricto according to the criteria of Clench and Turner, 1960. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Harasewych@si.edu; sedberry@dnr.sc.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD JUL 28 PY 2006 VL 120 IS 2 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 069TP UT WOS:000239471400001 ER PT J AU Towe, KM AF Towe, Kenneth M. TI CFCs and the size of the ozone hole SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Tennille, GA 31089 USA. RP Towe, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, 230 W Adams St, Tennille, GA 31089 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 28 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5786 BP 442 EP 442 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 067MZ UT WOS:000239308600018 PM 16873629 ER PT J AU Maret, S Bergin, EA Lada, CJ AF Maret, S. Bergin, E. A. Lada, C. J. TI A low fraction of nitrogen in molecular form in a dark cloud SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; O1 HALE-BOPP; STARLESS CORES; DEPLETION; COMETS; N2H+; DESORPTION; ABUNDANCE; CHEMISTRY AB Nitrogen is the fifth most abundant element in the Universe. In the interstellar medium, it has been thought to be mostly molecular (N-2)(1). However, N-2 has no observable rotational or vibrational transitions, so its abundance in the interstellar medium remains poorly known. In comets, the N-2 abundance is very low(2,3), while the elemental nitrogen abundance is deficient with respect to the solar value. Moreover, large nitrogen isotopic anomalies are observed in meteorites and interstellar dust particles(4). Here we report the N2H+ (and by inference the N-2) abundance inside a cold dark molecular cloud. We find that only a small fraction of nitrogen in the gas phase is molecular, with most of it being atomic. Because the compositions of comets probably reflect those of dark clouds(5), this result explains the low N-2 abundance in comets. We argue that the elemental nitrogen abundance deficiency in comets can be understood if the atomic oxygen abundance is lower than predicted by present chemical models. Furthermore, the lack of molecular nitrogen in molecular clouds explains the nitrogen anomalies in meteorites and interstellar dust particles, as nitrogen fractionation is enhanced if gaseous nitrogen is atomic(6). C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Maret, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM smaret@umich.edu OI Maret, Sebastien/0000-0003-1104-4554 NR 25 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 27 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7101 BP 425 EP 427 DI 10.1038/nature04919 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 067CI UT WOS:000239278900036 PM 16871211 ER PT J AU Liu, X Chance, K Sioris, CE Kurosu, TP Newchurch, MJ AF Liu, Xiong Chance, Kelly Sioris, Christopher E. Kurosu, Thomas P. Newchurch, Michael J. TI Intercomparison of GOME, ozonesonde, and SAGE II measurements of ozone: Demonstration of the need to homogenize available ozonesonde data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GAS EXPERIMENT-II; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MONITORING EXPERIMENT; PROFILE RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TRENDS; VALIDATION; CLIMATOLOGY AB [1] We investigate the large systematic biases, especially in the stratosphere, between ozone profiles retrieved from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and ozonesonde observations at some ozonesonde stations. GOME retrievals are intercompared with both ozonesonde data at 33 stations between 75 degrees N and 71 degrees S and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II ( SAGE II) data during 1996 - 1999. GOME stratospheric column ozone (SCO) over the altitude range similar to 15 - 35 km usually agrees with SAGE II SCO to within 2.5 DU (1.5%, 1 DU = 2.69 x 10(16) molecules cm(-2)) without significant spatiotemporal dependence but is systematically larger than ozonesonde SCO by 8 - 20 DU ( 5 - 10%) over carbon iodine (i.e., an ozonesonde technique) stations and most stations within 30 degrees N - 30 degrees S. Evaluation of GOME, SAGE II, TOMS, and Dobson data here demonstrates that those biases mainly originate from ozonesonde underestimates in the stratosphere. GOME retrievals also show large positive biases of 20 - 70% at carbon iodine stations ( except for Syowa) and most stations within 30 degrees N-30 degrees S over similar to 10 - 20 km, where ozone concentration is low, while the biases relative to SAGE II data over similar to 15 - 20 km is usually 10 - 20%. The discrepancies over this altitude region reflect biases in GOME retrievals as well as ozonesonde measurements. In addition, GOME/sonde biases in both SCO and profiles ( especially in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere) vary from station to station and depend on sonde technique, instrument type, sensor solution, and data processing, demonstrating the need to homogenize available ozonesonde data sets and standardize future operational procedures for reliable and consistent satellite validation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St,MS-50, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM xliu@cfa.harvard.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D14 AR D14305 DI 10.1029/2005JD006718 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071DU UT WOS:000239579100003 ER PT J AU Nelemans, G Jonker, PG Steeghs, D AF Nelemans, G. Jonker, P. G. Steeghs, D. TI Optical spectroscopy of (candidate) ultracompact X-ray binaries: constraints on the composition of the donor stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries ID AM CVN STARS; LOW-MASS; ACCRETION DISK; 4U 1626-67; 2S-0918-549; DISCOVERY; SYSTEMS; PULSAR; PERIOD AB We present optical spectroscopy of several (candidate) ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope and Gemini-North telescopes. In only one of five observed UCXB candidates did we find evidence for H in its spectrum (4U 1556-60). For XB 1905+00 the optical counterpart is not detected. For the known UCXBs 4U 1626-67 and XB 1916-05 we find spectra consistent with a C/O and a He/N accretion disc, respectively, the latter is the first optical spectrum of a He-rich donor in an UCXB. Interestingly, the C/O spectrum of 4U 1626-67 shows both similarities as well as marked differences from the optical C/O spectrum of 4U 0614+09. We obtained phase-resolved spectroscopy of 4U 0614+09 and the 44-min transient XTE J0929-314. In neither object were we able to detect clear orbital periodicities, highlighting the difficulties of period determinations in UCXBs. We reanalysed the spectra of XTE J0929-314 that were taken close to the peak of its 2003 X-ray outburst and do not confirm the detection of H alpha emission as was claimed in the literature. The peak spectra do show strong C or N emission around 4640 angstrom, as has also been detected in other UCXBs. We discuss the implications of our findings for our understanding of the formation of UCXBs and the Galactic population of UCXBs. At the moment all studied systems are consistent with having white dwarf donors, the majority being C/O rich. C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Nelemans, G (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM nelemans@astro.ru.nl RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 1 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10496.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 064VD UT WOS:000239116800021 ER PT J AU Redman, MP Keto, E Rawlings, JMC AF Redman, M. P. Keto, E. Rawlings, J. M. C. TI Oscillations in the stable starless core Barnard 68 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; ISM: globules; stars: formation; submillimetre AB New molecular line observations of the Bok globule Barnard 68 in HCO(+) irrefutably confirm the complex pattern of red and blue asymmetric line profiles seen across the face of the cloud in previous observations of CS. The new observations thus strengthen the previous interpretation that Barnard 68 is undergoing peculiar oscillations. Furthermore, the physical chemistry of B68 indicates that the object is much older than the sound crossing time and is therefore long-lived. A model is presented for the globule in which a modest external pressure perturbation is shown to lead to oscillations about a stable equilibrium configuration. Such oscillations may be present in other stable starless cores as manifested by a similar signature of inward and outward motions. C1 [Redman, M. P.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Redman, M. P.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Redman, M. P.; Rawlings, J. M. C.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Keto, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Redman, MP (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. EM matt.redman@nuigalway.ie FU UK PPARC; Ireland IRCSET FX We thank the referee, C. Lada, for a helpful report. MPR was supported by the UK PPARC and the Ireland IRCSET during the early stages of this work. We thank the staff of the JCMT and visiting observers for obtaining the observations. The JCMT is operated by the JAC, Hawaii, on behalf of the UK PPARC, the Netherlands NWO, and the Canadian NRC. We thank Gary Stevens for permission to reproduce Fig. 1. Fig. 3 has been reproduced, with permission, from Astrophysical Journal, published by The University of Chicago Press. ((c) 2003 by the American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.) NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 1 BP L1 EP L5 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00172.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V12PG UT WOS:000207610500001 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, C Taylor, GB Zavala, RT Peck, AB Pollack, LK Romani, RW AF Rodriguez, C. Taylor, G. B. Zavala, R. T. Peck, A. B. Pollack, L. K. Romani, R. W. TI A compact supermassive binary black hole system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (0402+379); radio continuum : galaxies; radio lines : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; SOURCE COUNTS; 5 GHZ; RADIO; CATALOG; MODELS AB We report on the discovery of a supermassive binary black hole system in the radio galaxy 0402+379, with a projected separation between the two black holes of just 7.3 pc. This is the closest black hole pair yet found by more than 2 orders of magnitude. These results are based on recent multifrequency observations using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), which reveal two compact, variable, flat-spectrum, active nuclei within the elliptical host galaxy of 0402+379. Multiepoch observations from the VLBA also provide constraints on the total mass and dynamics of the system. Low spectral resolution spectroscopy using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope indicates two velocity systems with a combined mass of the two black holes of similar to 1.5 x 10(8) M-circle dot. The two nuclei appear stationary, while the jets emanating from the weaker of the two nuclei appear to move out and terminate in bright hot spots. The discovery of this system has implications for the number of close binary black holes that might be sources of gravitational radiation. Green Bank Telescope observations at 22 GHz to search for water masers in this interesting system are also presented. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Phys, Sartenejas, Venezuela. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Rodriguez, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 NR 37 TC 163 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1086/504825 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900006 ER PT J AU Gliozzi, M Sambruna, RM Jung, I Krawczynski, H Horan, D Tavecchio, F AF Gliozzi, M. Sambruna, R. M. Jung, I. Krawczynski, H. Horan, D. Tavecchio, F. TI Long-term X-ray and TeV variability of MRK 501 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; galaxies : nuclei; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL-LAC OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAYS; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; TIMING-EXPLORER; MARKARIAN 501; XMM-NEWTON; BLAZAR MARKARIAN-421; SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; TELESCOPE SYSTEM AB We present X-ray observations of the nearby TeV blazar Mrk 501 obtained with RXTE during 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2004. The goal of this study is twofold: (1) to characterize the long-term X-ray flux and spectral variability of the source with a model-independent analysis, and (2) to investigate the X-ray and TeV correlation on long timescales (> days). Significant spectral variations were observed during all the observations along with long-term timescale correlations between the X-ray colors and the count rate. Specifically, on long timescales, a typical blazar behavior is observed with the spectrum hardening when the source brightens, and the fractional variability correlating with the energy band. A similar spectral trend is observed also in the majority of the individual flares. The spectral and temporal variability properties appear to be markedly different compared to those of non-jet-dominated radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs monitored with RXTE. To investigate the X-ray-TeV correlation on long timescales we compared RXTE monitoring data with HEGRA and Whipple historical light curves. We confirm the presence of a direct correlation between X-ray and gamma-ray emissions, which appears to be stronger when the source is brighter. The analysis of individual flares shows that the X-ray-TeV correlated activity is heterogeneous, in the sense that it might be both linear and nonlinear, and some X-ray flares seem to be lacking the TeV counterpart. However, more sensitive TeV observations are necessary to confirm these findings, and to put tighter constraints on jet models. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, CfA, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, Milan, Italy. RP Gliozzi, M (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 59 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1086/504700 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900007 ER PT J AU Williams, KA Momcheva, I Keeton, CR Zabludoff, AI Lehar, J AF Williams, Kurtis A. Momcheva, Ivelina Keeton, Charles R. Zabludoff, Ann I. Lehar, Joseph TI First results from a photometric survey of strong gravitational lens environments SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : photometry; gravitational lensing; quasars : general ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER SUBSTRUCTURE; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; LINE-OF-SIGHT; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HUBBLE CONSTANT; TIME-DELAY; EINSTEIN RING; POOR GROUPS AB Many strong gravitational lenses lie in complex environments, such as poor groups of galaxies, that significantly bias conclusions from lens analyses. We are undertaking a photometric survey of all known galaxy-mass strong lenses to characterize their environments and include them in careful lens modeling, as well as to build a large, uniform sample of galaxy groups at intermediate redshifts for evolutionary studies. In this paper we present wide-field photometry of the environments of 12 lens systems with 0.24 <= z(lens) <= 0.5. Using a red sequence identifying technique, we find that 8 of the 12 lenses lie in groups and that 10 group-like structures are projected along the line of sight toward 7 of these lenses. Follow-up spectroscopy of a subset of these fields confirms these results. For lenses in groups, the group centroid position is consistent with the direction of the external tidal shear required by lens models. Lens galaxies are not all super-L(*) elliptical galaxies; the median lens luminosity is less than or similar to L(*), and the distribution of lens luminosities extends 3 mag below L(*) (in agreement with theoretical models). Only two of the lenses in groups are the brightest group galaxy, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. As in the local universe, the highest velocity dispersion (sigma) groups contain a brightest member spatially coincident with the group centroid, whereas lower sigma groups tend to have an offset brightest group galaxy. This suggests that higher sigma groups are more dynamically relaxed than lower sigma groups and that at least some evolved groups exist by z similar to 0.5. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Williams, KA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kurtis@as.arizona.edu; imomcheva@as.arizona.edu; keeton@physics.rutgers.edu; aiz@as.arizona.edu; jlehar@combinatorx.com OI Williams, Kurtis/0000-0002-1413-7679 NR 123 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 85 EP 106 DI 10.1086/504788 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900009 ER PT J AU Erb, DK Steidel, CC Shapley, AE Pettini, M Reddy, NA Adelberger, KL AF Erb, Dawn K. Steidel, Charles C. Shapley, Alice E. Pettini, Max Reddy, Naveen A. Adelberger, Kurt L. TI The stellar, gas, and dynamical masses of star-forming galaxies at z similar to 2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; FRAME OPTICAL-SPECTRA; BLACK-HOLE MASS; MIDINFRARED OBSERVATIONS; METALLICITY RELATION; VELOCITY DISPERSION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB We present analysis of the near-infrared spectra of 114 rest-frame UV-selected star-forming galaxies at z similar to 2. By combining the H alpha spectra with photometric measurements from observed 0.3-8 mu m, we assess the relationships among kinematics, dynamical masses, inferred gas fractions, and stellar masses and ages. The H alpha line widths give a mean dynamical mass M-dyn = (6.9 +/- 0: 6) X 10(10) M-circle dot within a typical radius of similar to 6 kpc, after excluding AGNs. The average dynamical mass is similar to 2 times larger than the average stellar mass, and the two agree to within a factor of several for most objects. However, similar to 15% of the sample has M-dyn >> M-*. These objects are best fit by young stellar populations and tend to have high H alpha equivalent widths, W-H alpha greater than or similar to 200 angstrom, suggesting that they are young starbursts with large gas masses. Rest-frame optical luminosity and velocity dispersion are correlated with 4 sigma significance. Using the local empirical correlation between star formation rate per unit area and gas surface density, we estimate the mass of the gas associated with star formation and find a mean gas fraction of similar to 50% and a strong decrease in gas fraction with increasing stellar mass. The masses of gas and stars combined are considerably better correlated with the dynamical masses than are the stellar masses alone, and agree to within a factor of 3 for 85% of the sample. The combination of kinematic measurements, estimates of gas masses, and stellar population properties suggest that the factor of similar to 500 range in stellar mass across the sample cannot be fully explained by intrinsic differences in the total masses of the galaxies, which vary by a factor of similar to 40; the remaining variation is due to the evolution of the stellar population and the conversion of gas into stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Erb, DK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Mail Stop 20,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 73 TC 353 Z9 353 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 107 EP 132 DI 10.1086/504891 PN 1 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900010 ER PT J AU Fenner, Y Gibson, BK Gallino, R Lugaro, M AF Fenner, Yeshe Gibson, Brad K. Gallino, Roberto Lugaro, Maria TI Cosmological implications of dwarf spheroidal chemical evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; Local Group; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; MISSING-SATELLITES PROBLEM; COLD DARK-MATTER; LOCAL GROUP; R-PROCESS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION; SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS; GALACTIC SATELLITES; FORMATION HISTORIES AB The chemical properties of dwarf spheroidals in the local group are shown to be inconsistent with star formation being truncated after the reionization epoch (z similar to 8). Enhanced levels of [Ba/Y] in stars in dwarf spheroidals like Sculptor indicate strong s-process production from low-mass stars whose lifetimes are comparable with the duration of the pre-reionization epoch. The chemical evolution of Sculptor is followed using a model with SN II and SN Ia feedback and mass- and metallicity-dependent nucleosynthetic yields for elements from H to Pb. We are unable to reproduce the Ba/Y ratio unless stars formed over an interval long enough for the low-mass stars to pollute the interstellar medium with s-elements. This robust result challenges the suggestion that most of the local group dwarf spheroidals are fossils of reionization and supports the case for large initial dark matter halos. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Fenner, Y (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yfenner@cfa.harvard.edu; bkgibson@uclan.ac.uk; gallino@ph.unito.it; M.Lugaro@phys.uu.nl RI Gibson, Brad/M-3592-2015 OI Gibson, Brad/0000-0003-4446-3130 NR 61 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1086/504893 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900015 ER PT J AU Rebull, LM Stauffer, JR Megeath, ST Hora, JL Hartmann, L AF Rebull, L. M. Stauffer, J. R. Megeath, S. T. Hora, J. L. Hartmann, L. TI A correlation between pre-main-sequence stellar rotation rates and IRAC excesses in Orion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Orion); stars : rotation ID LOW-MASS STARS; CLUSTER FLANKING FIELDS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; T-TAURI STARS; NEBULA CLUSTER; YOUNG CLUSTERS; MAGNETIZED STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUD AB Early observations of T Tauri stars suggested that stars with evidence of circumstellar accretion disks rotated slower than stars without such evidence, but more recent results are not as clear. Near-IR circumstellar disk indicators, although the most widely available, are subject to uncertainties that can result from inner disk holes and/or the system inclination. Mid-infrared observations are less sensitive to such effects, but until now, these observations have been difficult to obtain. The Spitzer Space Telescope now easily enables mid-infrared measurements of large samples of PMS stars covering a broad mass range in nearby star-forming regions. Megeath and collaborators surveyed the Orion Molecular Clouds (similar to 1 Myr) with the IRAC instrument (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8 mu m) as part of a joint IRAC and MIPS GTO program. We examine the relationship between rotation and Spitzer mid-IR fluxes for similar to 900 stars in Orion for stars between 3 and 0.1 M-circle dot. We find in these Spitzer data the clearest indication to date that stars with longer periods are more likely than those with short periods to have IR excesses suggestive of disks. C1 CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rebull, LM (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, M-S 220-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM luisa.rebull@jpl.nasa.gov OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 38 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1086/504865 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900025 ER PT J AU Schlegel, EM Petre, R AF Schlegel, Eric M. Petre, Robert TI A Chandra ACIS observation of the X-ray-luminous SN 1988Z SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : individual (SN 1988Z) ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; RADIO-EMISSION; II SUPERNOVAE; SN 1988Z; CATALOG; EJECTA; WIND; MAPS AB SN 1988Z is the most luminous X-ray-emitting supernova, initially detected in 1995 using the ROSAT HRI with a luminosity of similar to 8 x 10(40) ergs s(-1) (Fabian & Terlevich 1996). Its high luminosity was ascribed to expansion of the blast wave into an especially dense circumstellar medium. In this paper, we describe a recent observation of SN 1988Z using the ACIS detector on Chandra. We readily detect SN 1988Z, obtaining similar to 30 net counts, which corresponds to a 0.2-2.0 keV luminosity of similar to 3 x 10(39) ergs s(-1). The calculated quantiles for the extracted counts allow a broad range of temperatures but require a temperature hotter than 5 keV if there is no intrinsic absorption. The long-term light curve (1995-2005) declines as t(-2.6 +/- 0.6). This is one of the steepest X-ray light curves. The X-ray luminosity indicates that the emitting region has a high density (> 10(5) cm(-3)) and that the density profile is not consistent with a constant mass-loss stellar wind during the similar to 5000 yr before the explosion. If the circumstellar medium is due to progenitor mass loss, then the mass-loss rate is extremely high (similar to 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1) [v(w)/10 km s(-1)]). The X-ray results are compared with the predictions of models of SN 1988Z. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, High Energy Astrophys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schlegel, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1086/504890 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900032 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Raymond, J Homan, J Fabian, AC Steeghs, D Wijnands, R Rupen, M Charles, P Van der Klis, M Lewin, WHG AF Miller, J. M. Raymond, J. Homan, J. Fabian, A. C. Steeghs, D. Wijnands, R. Rupen, M. Charles, P. Van Der Klis, M. Lewin, W. H. G. TI Simultaneous Chandra and RXTE spectroscopy of the microquasar H1743-322: Clues to disk wind and jet formation from a variable ionized outflow SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; black hole physics; relativity; stars : individual (H1743-322); X-rays : binaries ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; RAY-ABSORPTION FEATURES; ACCRETION-EJECTION INSTABILITY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; X-RAY; HIGH-FREQUENCY; XMM-NEWTON; GRO J1655-40; XTE J1550-564 AB We observed the bright phase of the 2003 outburst of the Galactic black hole candidate H1743-322 in X-rays simultaneously with Chandra and RXTE on four occasions. The Chandra HETGS spectra reveal narrow, variable (He-like) Fe xxv and (H-like) Fe xxvi resonance absorption lines. In the first observation, the Fe xxvi line has a FWHM of 1800 +/- 400 km s(-1) and a blueshift of 700 +/- 200 km s(-1), suggesting that the highly ionized medium is an outflow. Moreover, the Fe xxv line is observed to vary significantly on a timescale of a few hundred seconds in the first observation, which corresponds to the Keplerian orbital period at approximately 10(4)r(g) (where r(g) = GM/c(2)). Our models for the absorption geometry suggest that a combination of changing ionizing flux and geometric effects are required to account for the large changes in line flux observed between observations and that the absorption likely occurs at a radius between 10(2)r(g) and 10(4)r(g) for a 10 M-circle dot black hole. We suggest that the absorption occurs in an inhomogeneous accretion disk wind. If the wind in H1743-322 has unity filling factor, the highest implied mass outflow rate is 5% of the Eddington mass accretion rate. The observed wind may be a hotter, more ionized version of the Seyfert-like, outflowing warm absorber geometries recently found in the Galactic black holes GX 339-4 and XTE J1650-500. We discuss these findings in the context of ionized Fe absorption lines found in the spectra of other Galactic sources, and connections to warm absorbers, winds and jets in other accreting systems. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Array Operat Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonmm@umich.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 63 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 394 EP 406 DI 10.1086/504673 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900034 ER PT J AU Remillard, RA Lin, DC Cooper, RL Narayan, R AF Remillard, Ronald A. Lin, Dacheng Cooper, Randall L. Narayan, Ramesh TI The rates of type I X-ray bursts from transients observed with RXTE: Evidence for black hole event horizons SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; relativity; stars : neutron; X-rays : bursts; X-rays : stars ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; INTRINSIC MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; FIELD CAMERAS OBSERVATIONS; DOMINATED ACCRETION; MILLISECOND PULSAR; SHELL FLASHES; BINARIES; MASS; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB We measure the rates of type I X-ray bursts from a likely flux-limited sample of 37 nonpulsing Galactic transients observed with RXTE during 1996-2004. These sources are well categorized in the literature as either neutron star systems or black hole candidates. Our goals are to test the burst model for neutron stars and to investigate whether black holes have event horizons. Target selection is one of several differences between the present study and the investigation of the event horizon question by Tournear and coworkers. Burst rates are measured as a function of bolometric luminosity, and the results are compared with augmented versions of the burst model developed by Narayan & Heyl. For a given mass, we consider a range in both the radius and the temperature at the boundary below the accretion layer. We find 135 spectrally confirmed type I bursts in 3.7 Ms of PCA exposures for the neutron star group (13 sources), and the burst rate function is generally consistent with the model predictions. However, for the black hole groups (18 sources), there are no confirmed type I bursts in 6.5 Ms of exposure, and the upper limits in the burst function are inconsistent with the model predictions for heavy compact objects with a solid surface. The consistency probability is similar to 2 x 10(-7) for dynamical black hole binaries, falling to 3 x 10(-13) with the added exposures of black hole candidates. Furthermore, there are systematic spectral differences between the neutron star and black hole groups, supporting the presumption that physical differences underly the classifications in our sample. These results provide indirect evidence that black holes do have event horizons. C1 MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Remillard, RA (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rr@space.mit.edu; lindc@space.mit.edu; rcooper@cfa.harvard.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1086/504862 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900035 ER PT J AU Pietsch, W Haberl, F Sasaki, M Gaetz, TJ Plucinsky, PP Ghavamian, P Long, KS Pannuti, TG AF Pietsch, W. Haberl, F. Sasaki, M. Gaetz, T. J. Plucinsky, P. P. Ghavamian, P. Long, K. S. Pannuti, T. G. TI M33 X-7: ChASeM33 reveals the first eclipsing black hole X-ray binary SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; galaxies : individual (M33); X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (M33 X-7) ID ORBITAL DECAY; CENTAURUS X-3; LOCAL GROUP; GALAXY M33; H-I; SCATTERING; LIGHT; CURVES; PERIOD; WINDS AB The first observations conducted as part of the Chandra ACIS survey of M33 (ChASeM33) sampled the eclipsing X-ray binary M33 X-7 over a large part of the 3.45 day orbital period and have resolved eclipse ingress and egress for the first time. The occurrence of the X-ray eclipse allows us to determine an improved ephemeris of mid-eclipse and binary period as HJD (2; 453; 639.119 +/- 0.005) +/- N(3.453014 +/- 0.000020) and constrain the eclipse half-angle to 26 degrees.5 +/- 1 degrees.1. There are indications for a shortening of the orbital period. The X-ray spectrum is best described by a disk blackbody spectrum typical for black hole X-ray binaries in the Galaxy. We find a flat power density spectrum, and no significant regular pulsations were found in the frequency range of 10(-4) to 0.15 Hz. HST WFPC2 images resolve the optical counterpart, which can be identified as an O6 III star with the help of extinction and color corrections derived from the X-ray absorption. Based on the optical light curve, the mass of the compact object in the system most likely exceeds 9 M-circle dot. This mass, the shape of the X-ray spectrum, and the short-term X-ray time variability identify M33 X-7 as the first eclipsing black hole high-mass X-ray binary. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Pietsch, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM wnp@mpe.mpg.de RI Sasaki, Manami/P-3045-2016 OI Sasaki, Manami/0000-0001-5302-1866 NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP 420 EP 428 DI 10.1086/504704 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072AL UT WOS:000239644900036 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Moustakas, LA Stern, D Burles, S Dey, A Spinrad, H AF Bolton, Adam S. Moustakas, Leonidas A. Stern, Daniel Burles, Scott Dey, Arjun Spinrad, Hyron TI A new Einstein cross: A highly magnified, intrinsically faint Ly alpha emitter at z=2.7 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (SDSS J101129.49+014323.3); galaxies : starburst; techniques : spectroscopic ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR; NONPARAMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION; SNAPSHOT SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT; DARK-MATTER; ACS SURVEY; GALAXY; DISCOVERY; SAMPLE AB We report the discovery of a new Einstein cross at redshift z(source) = 2.701 based on Ly alpha emission in a cruciform configuration around an SDSS luminous red galaxy (z(lens) = 0.331). The system was targeted as a possible lens based on an anomalous emission line in the SDSS spectrum. Imaging and spectroscopy from the W. M. Keck Observatory confirm the lensing nature of this system. This is one of the widest-separation galaxy-scale lenses known, with an Einstein radius theta(E) similar or equal to 1.'' 84. We present simple gravitational lens models for the system and compute the intrinsic properties of the lensed galaxy. The total mass of the lensing galaxy within the 8.8 +/- 0.1 kpc enclosed by the lensed images is (5.2 +/- 0.1)x 10(11) M circle dot. The lensed galaxy is a low-mass galaxy (0.2L*) with a high equivalent width Lya line (EWLy alpha rest = 46 +/- 5 angstrom). Follow-up studies of this lens system can probe the mass structure rest of the lensing galaxy and can provide a unique view of an intrinsically faint, high-redshift, star-forming galaxy at high signal-to-noise ratio. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bolton, AS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM abolton@cfa.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/506446 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BI UT WOS:000239647200012 ER PT J AU Novak, GS Cox, TJ Primack, JR Jonsson, P Dekel, A AF Novak, Gregory S. Cox, Thomas J. Primack, Joel R. Jonsson, Patrik Dekel, Avishai TI Shapes of stellar systems and dark halos from simulations of galaxy major mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MATTER HALOS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; MASS; COLLISIONLESS; SATELLITES; LUMINOSITY; DEPENDENCE; ALIGNMENT; REDSHIFT AB Using a sample of 89 snapshots from 58 hydrodynamic binary galaxy major merger simulations, we find that stellar remnants are mostly oblate while dark matter halos are mostly prolate or triaxial. The stellar minor axis and the halo major axis are almost always nearly perpendicular. This can be understood by considering the influence of angular momentum and dissipation during the merger. If binary mergers of spiral galaxies are responsible for the formation of elliptical galaxies or some subpopulation thereof, these galaxies can be expected to be oblate and inhabit their halos with the predicted shapes and orientations. These predictions are relevant to observational studies of weak gravitational lensing, where one must stack many optically aligned galaxies in order to determine the shape of the resulting stacked mass distribution. The simple relationship between the dark and luminous matter presented here can be used to guide the stacking of galaxies to minimize the information lost. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Novak, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM novak@ucolick.org; tcox@cfa.harvard.edu; joel@scipp.ucsc.edu; patrik@ucolick.org; dekel@phys.huji.ac.il NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 1 BP L9 EP L12 DI 10.1086/506605 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BI UT WOS:000239647200003 ER PT J AU Sokoloski, JL Luna, GJM Mukai, K Kenyon, SJ AF Sokoloski, J. L. Luna, G. J. M. Mukai, K. Kenyon, Scott J. TI An X-ray-emitting blast wave from the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PROGENITOR SYSTEM; MODELS; EMISSION; OUTBURST; REMNANTS; ORBIT AB Stellar explosions such as novae and supernovae produce most of the heavy elements in the Universe. The onset of a nova is well understood(1) as driven by runaway thermonuclear fusion reactions on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary star system; but the structure, dynamics and mass of the ejecta are not well known. In rare cases, the white dwarf is embedded in the wind nebula of a red-giant companion, and the explosion products plough through the nebula and produce X-ray emission. Here we report X-ray observations of such an event, from the eruption of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi(2,3). The hard X-ray emission from RS Ophiuchi early in the eruption emanates from behind a blast wave, or outward-moving shock wave, that expanded freely for less than 2 days and then decelerated owing to interaction with the nebula. The X-rays faded rapidly, suggesting that the blast wave deviates from the standard spherical shell structure(4-6). The early onset of deceleration indicates that the ejected shell had a low mass, the white dwarf has a high mass(7), and that RS Ophiuchi is therefore a progenitor of the type of supernova ( type Ia) integral to studies of the expansion of the Universe. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sokoloski, JL (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jsokoloski@cfa.harvard.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 30 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 12 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7100 BP 276 EP 278 DI 10.1038/nature04893 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 064WT UT WOS:000239122100032 PM 16855584 ER PT J AU Hill, EM Blewitt, G AF Hill, Emma M. Blewitt, Geoffrey TI Testing for fault activity at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, using independent GPS results from the BARGEN network SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; EARTHQUAKE; MOTION; BASIN; RATES AB Data from BARGEN GPS stations around Yucca Mountain (YM) have been independently processed using GIPSY-OASIS and GAMIT/GLOBK. The RMS velocity differences between these solutions is 0.06 mm/yr ( east component) and 0.10 mm/yr ( north), indicating an ability to resolve tectonic signals > 0.3 mm/yr with high confidence. Inversion of GPS station velocities for Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) fault parameters produces an unreasonably deep locking depth of similar to 30 km for the Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault system, contradicting seismological evidence. The GPS cluster locally west of YM observes a strain rate of 17.0 +/- 1.8 ns/yr, marginally higher than our ECSZ model predicts (13.9 +/- 0.7 ns/yr). Significantly, the cluster to the east observes 22.3 +/- 2.1 ns/yr, which is 6.2 sigma higher than the model (8.6 +/- 0.7 ns/yr), suggesting that additional sources of strain more local to YM (< 30 km) are currently active, collectively accumulating > 0.7 mm/yr. C1 Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Hill, EM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ehill@cfa.harvard.edu; gblewitt@unr.edu RI Hill, Emma/B-7037-2011 OI Hill, Emma/0000-0003-0231-5818 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 14 AR L14302 DI 10.1029/2006GL026140 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 071DB UT WOS:000239577100003 ER PT J AU McLinden, CA Haley, CS Sioris, CE AF McLinden, Chris A. Haley, Craig S. Sioris, Christopher E. TI Diurnal effects in limb scatter observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ODIN SATELLITE; OSIRIS INSTRUMENT; O-3 PROFILES; SCIAMACHY; RETRIEVAL; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRA; NO2 AB [1] Instruments that measure UV/visible scattered light from the Earth's limb are emerging as an important class of sensors capable of providing high-quality profiles of aerosols and trace gases from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere. Critical to the inversion of limb scatter observations is the forward radiative transfer model. A fast and accurate radiative transfer model, VECTOR (Vector Orders-of-scattering Radiative transfer model), is presented that is able to account for the diurnal variation of species such as NO2 and BrO along the observing line of sight and the incoming solar beam. VECTOR has been used to quantify for the first time diurnal effect errors in NO2 and BrO with application to OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imager System) and SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography), two limb viewing satellite instruments. For a solar zenith angle near 90 degrees at the tangent point, errors can exceed 50% for NO2 and 100% for BrO in the lower stratosphere, with the largest errors generally occurring when viewing across, and at large angles to, the terminator. These results applied to OSIRIS NO2 and SCIAMACHY BrO reveal that diurnal effect errors are generally small (< 10%). Yet 1 out of every 6 OSIRIS NO2 profiles experiences large (10-35%) errors and 1 out of every 11 SCIAMACHY BrO profiles experiences large (10-100%, or larger) errors in the lower stratosphere. C1 Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McLinden, CA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM chris.mclinden@ec.gc.ca RI McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; OI McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D14 AR D14302 DI 10.1029/2005JD006628 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071DQ UT WOS:000239578700003 ER PT J AU Sioris, CE Kovalenko, LJ McLinden, CA Salawitch, RJ Van Roozendael, M Goutail, F Dorf, M Pfeilsticker, K Chance, K von Savigny, C Liu, X Kurosu, TP Pommereau, JP Bosch, H Frerick, J AF Sioris, C. E. Kovalenko, L. J. McLinden, C. A. Salawitch, R. J. Van Roozendael, M. Goutail, F. Dorf, M. Pfeilsticker, K. Chance, K. von Savigny, C. Liu, X. Kurosu, T. P. Pommereau, J. -P. Boesch, H. Frerick, J. TI Latitudinal and vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower stratosphere from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography limb scattering measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; INORGANIC BROMINE; TROPOSPHERIC BRO; ODIN SATELLITE; OZONE; SCIAMACHY; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRA; RETRIEVAL; PROFILES AB [1] Vertical profiles of stratospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) in the 15-30 km range are retrieved from SCIAMACHY limb scatter data over the globe. First validation comparisons with the balloon-borne SAOZ-BrO and LPMA/DOAS instruments indicate retrieval biases of similar to 20% or less. Propagated spectral fitting uncertainties lead to a precision approaching similar to 25% on a 2 km grid at 25 km. This worsens at higher altitudes because of reduced signal and at lower altitudes because of the reduced penetrability of the atmosphere. In terms of volume mixing ratio (VMR), the single profile precision increases from similar to 4 pptv at 17 km to similar to 8 pptv at 27 km. Repeatability, an alternative indicator of precision, is 2-3 pptv for SCIAMACHY retrievals and independent of altitude. The BrO stratospheric number density peak generally lies 5 +/- 2 km above the tropopause. In the tropics, the stratospheric BrO VMR generally increases with increasing altitude. The observed stratospheric BrO global distribution is generally consistent with previous balloon measurements but does not agree well with results of a model that uses Br-y inferred only from the observed breakdown of long-lived bromoalkanes (i.e., methyl bromide and halons). We find best agreement with the observed vertical and latitudinal distribution of BrO for model results that include an 8.4 +/- 2 pptv contribution to stratospheric Br-y, most of which is expected from the breakdown of VSL (very short lived) bromocarbons, in addition to the similar to 16 pptv contribution from longer-lived sources. This suggests that stratospheric Br-y exceeds 20 pptv. Profiles of Br-y profiles derived from the balloon measurements of BrO also suggest Br-y is in excess of 20 pptv, but the uncertainty and variability of these results do not allow us to definitively rule out this concentration. We find typical BrO VMRs of similar to 4 pptv at 15 km in the tropical tropopause layer, suggesting that a significant portion of the bromine from VSL bromoalkane sources may be carried across the tropopause in the form of inorganic decomposition products. We discuss a variety of VSL bromocarbons species that may be contributing to the elevated concentrations of stratospheric BrO. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Sioris, CE (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM csioris@cfa.harvard.edu RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 83 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D14 AR D14301 DI 10.1029/2005JD006479 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071DQ UT WOS:000239578700001 ER PT J AU van Noije, TPC Eskes, HJ Dentener, FJ Stevenson, DS Ellingsen, K Schultz, MG Wild, O Amann, M Atherton, CS Bergmann, DJ Bey, I Boersma, KF Butler, T Cofala, J Drevet, J Fiore, AM Gauss, M Hauglustaine, DA Horowitz, LW Isaksen, ISA Krol, MC Lamarque, JF Lawrence, MG Martin, RV Montanaro, V Muller, JF Pitari, G Prather, MJ Pyle, JA Richter, A Rodriguez, JM Savage, NH Strahan, SE Sudo, K Szopa, S van Roozendael, M AF van Noije, T. P. C. Eskes, H. J. Dentener, F. J. Stevenson, D. S. Ellingsen, K. Schultz, M. G. Wild, O. Amann, M. Atherton, C. S. Bergmann, D. J. Bey, I. Boersma, K. F. Butler, T. Cofala, J. Drevet, J. Fiore, A. M. Gauss, M. Hauglustaine, D. A. Horowitz, L. W. Isaksen, I. S. A. Krol, M. C. Lamarque, J. -F. Lawrence, M. G. Martin, R. V. Montanaro, V. Mueller, J. - F. Pitari, G. Prather, M. J. Pyle, J. A. Richter, A. Rodriguez, J. M. Savage, N. H. Strahan, S. E. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. van Roozendael, M. TI Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; AIRCRAFT MOZAIC DATA; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; SURFACE REFLECTIVITY; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL AB We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the year 2000. The models used constant anthropogenic emissions from IIASA/EDGAR3.2 and monthly emissions from biomass burning based on the 1997 - 2002 average carbon emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Model output is analyzed at 10: 30 local time, close to the overpass time of the ERS-2 satellite, and collocated with the measurements to account for sampling biases due to incomplete spatiotemporal coverage of the instrument. We assessed the importance of different contributions to the sampling bias: correlations on seasonal time scale give rise to a positive bias of 30 - 50% in the retrieved annual means over regions dominated by emissions from biomass burning. Over the industrial regions of the eastern United States, Europe and eastern China the retrieved annual means have a negative bias with significant contributions ( between - 25% and + 10% of the NO2 column) resulting from correlations on time scales from a day to a month. We present global maps of modeled and retrieved annual mean NO2 column densities, together with the corresponding ensemble means and standard deviations for models and retrievals. The spatial correlation between the individual models and retrievals are high, typically in the range 0.81 - 0.93 after smoothing the data to a common resolution. On average the models underestimate the retrievals in industrial regions, especially over eastern China and over the Highveld region of South Africa, and overestimate the retrievals in regions dominated by biomass burning during the dry season. The discrepancy over South America south of the Amazon disappears when we use the GFED emissions specific to the year 2000. The seasonal cycle is analyzed in detail for eight different continental regions. Over regions dominated by biomass burning, the timing of the seasonal cycle is generally well reproduced by the models. However, over Central Africa south of the Equator the models peak one to two months earlier than the retrievals. We further evaluate a recent proposal to reduce the NOx emission factors for savanna fires by 40% and find that this leads to an improvement of the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over the biomass burning regions of Northern and Central Africa. In these regions the models tend to underestimate the retrievals during the wet season, suggesting that the soil emissions are higher than assumed in the models. In general, the discrepancies between models and retrievals cannot be explained by a priori profile assumptions made in the retrievals, neither by diurnal variations in anthropogenic emissions, which lead to a marginal reduction of the NO2 abundance at 10: 30 local time ( by 2.5 - 4.1% over Europe). Overall, there are significant differences among the various models and, in particular, among the three retrievals. The discrepancies among the retrievals ( 10 - 50% in the annual mean over polluted regions) indicate that the previously estimated retrieval uncertainties have a large systematic component. Our findings imply that top-down estimations of NOx emissions from satellite retrievals of tropospheric NO2 are strongly dependent on the choice of model and retrieval. C1 Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustaiinabil, Ispra, Italy. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Space Res Org Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP van Noije, TPC (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM noije@knmi.nl RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Butler, Tim/G-1139-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Magana, Felipe/B-6966-2013; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649 NR 96 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 42 U2 83 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 17 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 2943 EP 2979 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 065CO UT WOS:000239137200002 ER PT J AU Robeck, TR Monfort, SL AF Robeck, T. R. Monfort, S. L. TI Characterization of male killer whale (Orcinus orca) sexual maturation and reproductive seasonality SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Delphinidae; cetacean; reproductive endocrinology; sperm production; sexual maturation ID METABOLITES; PREGNANCY AB Longitudinal serum testosterone concentrations (n = 10 males) and semen production (n = 2 males) in killer whales were evaluated to: (1) characterize fluctuations in serum testosterone concentrations with respect to reproductive maturity and season; (2) compare morphologic changes to estimated age of sexual maturity, based on changes in serum testosterone concentrations; and (3) evaluate seasonal changes in sperm production. Classification of reproductive status and age class was based on differences (P < 0.05) in serum testosterone concentrations according to age; juvenile males ranged from 1 to 7 years (mean +/- S.D. testosterone, 0.13 +/- 0.20 ng/mL), pubertal males from 8 to 12 years (2.88 +/- 3.20 ng/mL), and sexually mature animals were 13 years and older (5.57 +/- 2.90 ng/mL). For captive-born males, serum testosterone concentrations, total body length and height to width ratio of the dorsal fin were 0.7 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, 495.6 +/- 17.5 cm and 1.14 +/- 0.13 cm, respectively, at puberty; at sexual maturity, these end points were 6.0 +/- 3.3 ng/mL, 548 +/- 20 cm and 1.36 +/- 0.1 cm. Serum testosterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) from March to June than from December to February in pubertal animals (4.2 +/- 3.4 ng/mL versus 1.4 +/- 2.6 ng/mL) and than from September to December in sexually mature animals (7.2 +/- 3.3 ng/mL versus 4.0 +/- 2.0 ng/mL). Ejaculates (n = 90) collected from two males had similar (P > 0.05) sperm concentrations across all months. These data represent the first comprehensive study on male testosterone concentrations during and after sexual maturation, and on reproductive seasonality in the killer whale. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sea World & Busch Gardens Reprod Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92019 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Robeck, TR (reprint author), Sea World & Busch Gardens Reprod Res Ctr, 500 SeaWorld Dr, San Diego, CA 92019 USA. EM Todd.Robeck@SeaWorld.com NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.11.007 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 062KI UT WOS:000238942600011 PM 16325249 ER PT J AU Perez-Gelabert, DE Thompson, FC AF Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. Thompson, F. Christian TI A new genus and species of Richardiidae (Diptera) from Hispaniola SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; Richardiidae; Neotropical Region AB A new genus and species of richardiid flies are described from the Neotropical biotic region (Johnrichardia Perez-Gelabert & Thompson, type species, vockerothi Perez-Gelabert & Thompson ( Dominican Republic)). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Perez-Gelabert, DE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM perezd@si.edu; cthompso@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 14 PY 2006 IS 1259 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 066XU UT WOS:000239264700002 ER PT J AU Warne, MT Jones, PJ Kornicker, LS AF Warne, Mark T. Jones, Peter J. Kornicker, Louis S. TI Referral of the Halocypridina Thaumatocypris (Miocene, Australia) to the Cladocopina (Ostracoda, Halocyprida) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Thaumatocypris; Polycope sanctacatherinae; Ostracoda; Miocene; southeastern Australia ID MORPHOLOGY; KORNICKERI AB B. K. Nadeau in 1955 identified as Thaumatocypris ostracodes from the middle Miocene Glenample Clay of Victoria, southeastern Australia. Nadeau's collection of Ostracoda from the Glenample Clay was located in the collections of the Museum of Victoria, Melbourne. Examination of that material indicates that the Glenample Clay specimens attributed by Nadeau to Thaumatocypris belong to Polycope sanctacatherinae Whatley & Downing 1983. As a result, it is concluded that Thaumatocypris has not been collected in the Miocene of Australia. Furthermore, in a broader biostratigraphic/ palaeobiogeographic context, the result confirms that no member of the Suborder Halocypridina has been reported so far from the Tertiary Period. C1 Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Earth & Marine Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Warne, MT (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. EM mwarne@deakin.edu.au; peter.jones@ems.anu.edu.au; kornickl@si.edu RI Warne, Mark/I-1890-2016 OI Warne, Mark/0000-0001-5456-191X NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 14 PY 2006 IS 1260 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 066XV UT WOS:000239264800004 ER PT J AU Vinko, J Takats, K Sarneczky, K Szabo, GM Meszaros, S Csorvasi, R Szalai, T Gaspar, A Pal, A Csizmadia, S Kospal, A Racz, M Kun, M Csak, B Furesz, G DeBond, H Grunhut, J Thomson, J Mochnacki, S Koktay, T AF Vinko, J Takats, K Sarneczky, K Szabo, GM Meszaros, S Csorvasi, R Szalai, T Gaspar, A Pal, A Csizmadia, S Kospal, A Racz, M Kun, M Csak, B Furesz, G DeBond, H Grunhut, J Thomson, J Mochnacki, S Koktay, T TI The first year of SN 2004dj in NGC 2403 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : evolution; supernovae : individual : SN 2004dj; galaxies : individual : NGC 2403 ID EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RED SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR; SUPERNOVA SN 2004DJ; II-P SUPERNOVAE; PLATEAU SUPERNOVA; NEARBY GALAXIES; IA SUPERNOVAE; DISTANCE; 1999EM AB New BV RI photometry and optical spectroscopy of the Type IIp supernova 2004dj in NGC 2403, obtained during the first year since discovery, are presented. The progenitor cluster, Sandage 96, is also detected on pre-explosion frames. The light curve indicates that the explosion occurred about 30 d before discovery, and the plateau phase lasted about +110 +/- 20 d after that. The plateau-phase spectra have been modelled with the SYNOW spectral synthesis code using H, Na I, Ti II, ScII, FeII and Ba I lines. The SN distance is inferred from the expanding photosphere method and the standard candle method applicable for SNe IIp. They resulted in distances that are consistent with each other as well as earlier Cepheid and Tully-Fisher distances. The average distance, D = 3.47 +/- 0.29 Mpc is proposed for SN 2004dj and NGC 2403. The nickel mass produced by the explosion is estimated as similar to 0.02 +/- 0.01 M-circle dot. The spectral energy distribution of the progenitor cluster is reanalysed by fitting population synthesis models to our observed BV RI data supplemented by U and JHK magnitudes from the literature. The chi(2) minimization revealed a possible 'young' solution with cluster age T-cl = 8 Myr, and an 'old' solution with T-cl = 20-30 Myr. The 'young' solution would imply a progenitor mass M > 20 M-circle dot, which is higher than the previously detected progenitor masses for Type II SNe. C1 Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Dept Expt Phys, Szeged, Hungary. ELTE Univ, Dept Astron, Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, Budapest, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. RP Vinko, J (reprint author), Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, Szeged, Hungary. EM vinko@physx.u-szeged.hu RI Szabo, Gyula/A-8310-2012; Meszaros, Szabolcs/N-2287-2014; OI Meszaros, Szabolcs/0000-0001-8237-5209; Vinko, Jozsef/0000-0001-8764-7832 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 4 BP 1780 EP 1796 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10416.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 057VZ UT WOS:000238624600026 ER PT J AU Rasia, E Ettori, S Moscardini, L Mazzotta, P Borgani, S Dolag, K Tormen, G Cheng, LM Diaferio, A AF Rasia, E Ettori, S Moscardini, L Mazzotta, P Borgani, S Dolag, K Tormen, G Cheng, LM Diaferio, A TI Systematics in the X-ray cluster mass estimators SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; galaxies : clusters; general; cosmology : miscellaneous; X-rays : galaxies ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; THERMAL CONDUCTION; DARK-MATTER; XMM-NEWTON; GAS; TEMPERATURE AB We examine the systematics affecting the X-ray mass estimators applied to a set of five galaxy clusters resolved at high resolution in hydrodynamic simulations, including cooling, star formation and feedback processes. These simulated objects are processed through the X-ray Map Simulator, X-MAS, to provide Chandra-like long exposures that are analysed to reconstruct the gas temperature, density and mass profiles used as input. These clusters have different dynamic state: we consider a hot cluster with temperature T = 11.4 keV, a perturbed cluster with T = 3.9 keV, a merging object with T = 3.6 keV, and two relaxed systems with T = 3.3 keV and T = 2.7 keV, respectively. These systems are located at z = 0.175 so that their emission fits within the Chandra ACIS-S3 chip between 0.6 and 1.2 R-500. We find that the mass profile obtained via a direct application of the hydrostatic equilibrium ( HE) equation is dependent upon the measured temperature profile. An irregular radial distribution of the temperature values, with associated large errors, induces a significant scatter on the reconstructed mass measurements. At R-2500, the actual mass is recovered within 1 sigma, although we notice this estimator shows high statistical errors due to high level of Chandra background. Instead, the poorness of the beta-model in describing the gas density profile makes the evaluated masses to be underestimated by similar to 40 per cent with respect to the true mass, both with an isothermal and a polytropic temperature profile. We also test ways to recover the mass by adopting an analytic mass model, such as those proposed by Nvarro, Frenk & White and Rasia, Tormen & Moscardini, and fitting the temperature profile expected from the HE equation to the observed one. We conclude that the methods of the HE equation and those of the analytic fits provide a more robust mass estimation than the ones based on the beta-model. In the present work, the main limitation for a precise mass reconstruction is to ascribe to the relatively high level of the background chosen to reproduce the Chandra one. After artificially reducing the total background by a factor of 100, we find that the estimated mass significantly underestimates the true mass profiles. This is manly due (i) to the neglected contribution of the gas bulk motions to the total energy budget and (ii) to the bias towards lower values of the X-ray temperature measurements because of the complex thermal structure of the emitting plasma. C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Trieste, Italy. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amedeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Rasia, E (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, Vicolo Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padua, Italy. EM rasia@ped.astro.it; stefano.ettori@bo.astro.it; lauro.moscardini@unibo.it; pasquale.mazzotta@roma2.infn.it; borgani@ts.astro.it; kdolag@mpa-garching.mpg.de; tormen@pd.astro.it; clm@itp.ac.cn; diaferio@ph.unito.it RI Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; OI Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; rasia, elena/0000-0003-4175-002X; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439 NR 46 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 4 BP 2013 EP 2024 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.10466.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 057VZ UT WOS:000238624600050 ER PT J AU Cairns, SD AF Cairns, Stephen D. TI Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata : Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The seven western Atlantic species belonging to three genera, Primnoella, Thouarella, and Dasystenella, are described and illustrated. Three new species of Thouarella are described, which constitute the first records of this genus for the northwestern Atlantic. An annotated and revised list of the 26 species of Thouarella is given. Most of the species included occur primarily in the southwestern Atlantic at depths of 505000 m; however, one species, Thouarella grasshoffi, is amphi-North Atlantic in distribution. Whereas most of the species included herein are small and inconspicuous, T grasshoffi is fairly large and occurs abundantly on seamounts of the New England Seamount Chain as well as on eastern Atlantic seamounts. Specimens of all three genera are still relatively rare in museum collections. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cairns, SD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM cairnss@si.edu NR 35 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 161 EP 194 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[161:SOWAOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 34 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 063UC UT WOS:000239044400001 ER PT J AU Walter, TC Ohtsuka, S Castillo, LV AF Walter, T. Chad Ohtsuka, Susumu Castillo, Lourdes V. TI A new species of Pseudodiaptomus (Crustacea : Copepoda : Calanoida) from the Philippines, with a key to pseudodiaptomids from the Philippines and comments on the status of the genus Schmackeria SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC; REDESCRIPTION; ZOOGEOGRAPHY; INOPINUS; INDIA AB Four species of the demersal calanoid copepod genus Pseudodiaptomus were collected from Panay Island, Philippines in September 2003. They represented three species groups (sensu Walter 1986a): P. terazakii, a new species, and P. annandalei (Lobus group), P. bispinosus (Hyalinus group), and P. clevei (Nudus group). The female of the new species differs from its congeners in the possession of 3 pairs of anterolateral spines on the genital double-somite. The male is distinguished by the fifth leg right endopod, which is bifid at its apex, and the left nonbifid endopod. A key to the 14 pseudodiaptomid species known from the Philippines is provided herein. A review of the genus Schmackeria Poppe & Richard (1890) is presented, and all species attributed to this genus are merged into the genus Pseudodiaptomus. Because many new species of Pseudodiaptomus have been described recently, a revised key to the speciesgroups of Walter (1986a) is presented. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Takehara Marine Sci Stn, Hiroshima 7250024, Japan. Univ Philippines, Inst Biol Sci, Los Banyos Coll, Laguna, Philippines. RP Walter, TC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM walterc@si.edu; ohtsuka@hiroshima-u.ac.jp; lvacastilloph@yahoo.com NR 93 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 202 EP 221 PG 20 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 063UC UT WOS:000239044400003 ER PT J AU Suarez-Morales, E Ferrari, FD Iliffe, TM AF Suarez-Morales, Eduardo Ferrari, Frank D. Iliffe, Thomas M. TI A new epacteriscid copepod (Calanoida : Epacteriscidae) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, with comments on the biogeography of the family SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID ANCHIALINE CAVES; FRESH-WATER; GENUS; CUBA AB The calanoid copepod family Epacteriscidae is represented by species from tropical marine and anchialine environments. Surveys of the anchialine invertebrate fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, have resulted in a number of interesting records of crustaceans during the last decade, but no records of Epacteriscidae. However, recent collections from hypogean environments of the Yucatan have yielded specimens of a new species of the previously monotypic genus Balinella. The specimens were included in this genus by having three outer spines on the third exopodal segment of legs 3 and 4, a biramous mandibular palp, and an antennal endopod longer than the exopod, among other characters. The new species, B. yucatanensis, is described on the basis of male and female specimens collected in eaves associated with three different karstic sinkholes. The new species is distinguished from its only known congener, B. ornata Fosshagen, Boxshall and Iliffe, 2001, by the strong asymmetry of the caudal rami in females, a modified left fifth leg of the male in which the proximal and middle exopodal segments are attenuate at the point of origination of the outer spine, and by differences of the armature of mouthparts (mandibular palp, maxilla, maxilliped). This report extends the range of Balinella from anchialine caves of the Bahamas to hypogean waters of the Yucatan Peninsula. The introduction of epacteriscid copepods onto the Yucatan Peninsula may be an old event; diversification by genera into non-cave habitats appears to be secondary. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, ECOSUR, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Suarez-Morales, E (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, ECOSUR, Chatumal AP 424, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM esuarez@ecosur-qroo.mx; ferrarif@si.edu; iliffe@cavebiology.com NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 222 EP 238 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[222:ANECCE]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 063UC UT WOS:000239044400004 ER PT J AU Flint, OS AF Flint, Oliver S., Jr. TI New species and records of Neotropical Sisyridae with special reference to Sisyra (Insecta : Neuroptera) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB New figures of the male genitalia and wings of Sisyra elongata Penny & Rafael are shown and the species is newly reported from Peru. Additional distributional data are given for S. amazonica (Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay), S. apicalis (Peru, Panama), S. minuta (Brazil), and S. panama (Brazil, Bolivia). A new Brazilian species of spongilla fly, Climacia punctulata is described and figured. New records of C amalla (Peru), C. carpenteri (Brazil), C insolita (Brazil), and C to vnesi (Brazil) are presented. Climacia basalis Navds, 1933, is synonymized with C basalis Banks, 1913. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Flint, OS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM flinto@si.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[279:NSARON]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 063UC UT WOS:000239044400009 ER PT J AU Carleton, MD Peterhans, JCK Stanley, WT AF Carleton, Michael D. Peterhans, Julian C. Kerbis Stanley, William T. TI Review of the Hylomyscus denniae group (Rodentia : Muridae) in eastern Africa, with comments on the generic allocation of Epimys endorobae Heller SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review ID COMPLEX RODENTIA; MUROID RODENTS; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; DIFFERENTIATION; ZYGODONTOMYS; POPULATIONS; MURINAE AB The status and distribution of eastern African populations currently assigned to Hylomyscus denniae are reviewed based on morphological and morphometric comparisons. Three species are considered valid, each confined largely to wet montane forest above 2000 meters: H. denniae (Thomas, 1906) proper from the Ruwenzori Mountains in the northern Albertine Rift (west-central Uganda and contiguous D. R. Congo); H. vulcanorum L6nnberg & Gyldenstolpe, 1925 from mountains in the central Albertine Rift (southwestern Uganda, easternmost D. R. Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi); and H. endorobae (Heller, 1910) from mountains bounding the Gregory Rift Valley (west-central Kenya). Although endorobae has been interpreted as a small form of Praomys, additional data are presented that reinforce its membership within Hylomyscus and that clarify the status of Hylomyscus and Praomys as distinct genus-group taxa. The 12 species of Hylornyscus now currently recognized are provisionally arranged in six species groups (H. aeta, H. alleni, H. anselli, H. baeri, H. denniae, H. parvus) based on 8 qualitatitive characters. Biogeography of the three species of the H. denniae group is discussed in the context of broad distributional patterns and area relationships evident among other terrestrial small mammals also confined to the Afromontane biotic region in eastern Africa. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Roosevelt Univ, Univ Coll, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Div Mammals, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Carleton, MD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM carleton@si.edu; kerbis@fieldmuseum.org; stanley@fieldmuseum.org NR 60 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 293 EP 325 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[293:ROTHDG]2.0.CO;2 PG 33 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 063UC UT WOS:000239044400011 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Wingate, DB AF Olson, Storrs L. Wingate, David B. TI A new species of night-heron (Ardeidae : Nyctanassa) from Quaternary deposits on Bermuda SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID ISLAND AB Nyctanassa carcinocatactes is described from Pleistocene and Holocene cave and pond deposits on the island of Bermuda. It is most similar to the Yellow-crowned Night-Heron N. violacea but differs in having a shorter and much heavier bill, a much more massive cranium, and more robust hindlimbs. Early historical accounts contain descriptions of what is undoubtedly this species, which was presumably exterminated subsequent to human colonization of Bermuda. The cranial and hindlimb specializations of the new species appear to be adaptations for feeding terrestrially on land crabs. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Bermuda Nat Hist Museum, Flatts, Bermuda. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM olsons@si.edu; dwingate@northrock.bm NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[326:ANSONA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 063UC UT WOS:000239044400012 ER PT J AU Barkhouse, WA Green, PJ Vikhlinin, A Kim, DW Perley, D Cameron, R Silverman, J Mossman, A Burenin, R Jannuzi, BT Kim, M Smith, MG Smith, RC Tananbaum, H Wilkes, BJ AF Barkhouse, W. A. Green, P. J. Vikhlinin, A. Kim, D. -W. Perley, D. Cameron, R. Silverman, J. Mossman, A. Burenin, R. Jannuzi, B. T. Kim, M. Smith, M. G. Smith, R. C. Tananbaum, H. Wilkes, B. J. TI ChaMP serendipitous galaxy cluster survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; surveys; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; DEGREE ROSAT SURVEY; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES AB We present a survey of serendipitous extended X-ray sources and optical cluster candidates from the Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP). Our main goal is to make an unbiased comparison of X-ray and optical cluster detection methods. In 130 archival Chandra pointings covering 13 deg(2), we use a wavelet decomposition technique to detect 55 extended sources, of which 6 are nearby single galaxies. Our X-ray cluster catalog reaches a typical flux limit of about similar to 10(-14) ergs cm(-2) s(-1), with a median cluster core radius of 21". For 56 of the 130 X-ray fields, we use the ChaMP's deep NOAO 4 m MOSAIC g', r', and i' imaging to independently detect cluster candidates using a Voronoi tessellation and percolation (VTP) method. Red-sequence filtering decreases the galaxy fore- and background ontamination and provides photometric redshifts to z similar to 0.7. From the overlapping 6.1 deg(2) X-ray/optical imaging, we find 115 optical clusters (of which 11% are in the X-ray catalog) and 28 X-ray clusters (of which 46% are in the optical VTP catalog). The median redshift of the 13 X-ray/optical clusters is 0.41, and their median X-ray luminosity (0.5-2 keV) is L-X = (2.65 +/- 0.19) x 10(43) ergs s(-1). The clusters in our sample that are only detected in our optical data are poorer on average (similar to 4 sigma) than the X-ray/optically matched clusters, which may partially explain the difference in the detection fractions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena 603, Chile. RP Barkhouse, WA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 88 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 955 EP 976 DI 10.1086/504457 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900018 ER PT J AU Robertson, B Bullock, JS Cox, TJ Di Matteo, T Hernquist, L Springel, V Yoshida, N AF Robertson, Brant Bullock, James S. Cox, Thomas J. Di Matteo, Tiziana Hernquist, Lars Springel, Volker Yoshida, Naoki TI A merger-driven scenario for cosmological disk galaxy formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation ID COLD DARK-MATTER; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM PROBLEM; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; GALACTIC DISKS; BLACK-HOLES; SUPERNOVA FEEDBACK; MINOR MERGERS; HUBBLE SEQUENCE; SPIRAL GALAXIES AB The hierarchical nature of the boolean AND CDM cosmology poses serious difficulties for the formation of disk galaxies. To help resolve these issues, we describe a new, merger-driven scenario for the cosmological formation of disk galaxies at high redshifts that supplements the standard dissipational collapse model. In this picture, large gaseous disks may be produced from high angular momentum mergers of systems that are gas dominated, i.e., M-gas/(M-gas + M-star) greater than or similar to 0.5 at the height of the merger. Pressurization from the multiphase ISM prevents the complete conversion of gas into stars during the merger, and if enough gas remains to form a disk, the remnant eventually resembles a disk galaxy. We perform numerical simulations of galaxy mergers to study how supernovae feedback strength, black hole feedback, progenitor gas fraction, merger mass ratio, and orbital geometry impact the formation of remnant disks. We find that disks can build angular momentum through mergers and the degree of rotational support of the baryons in the remnant is primarily related to feedback processes associated with star formation. Disk-dominated remnants are restricted to form in mergers that are gas dominated at the time of final coalescence. We also show that the formation of rotationally supported stellar systems in mergers is not restricted to idealized orbits, and both gas-rich major and minor mergers can produce disk-dominated stellar remnants. We suggest that the hierarchical nature of the boolean AND CDM cosmology and the physics of the ISM may act together to form spiral galaxies by building the angular momentum of disks through gas-dominated mergers at high redshifts. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Robertson, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM brobertson@cfa.harvard.edu RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011; Di Matteo, Tiziana/O-4762-2014; Bullock, James/K-1928-2015 OI Di Matteo, Tiziana/0000-0002-6462-5734; Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082 NR 82 TC 300 Z9 301 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 986 EP 1000 DI 10.1086/504412 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900020 ER PT J AU Schreiber, NMF Genzel, R Lehnert, MD Bouche, N Verma, A Erb, DK Shapley, AE Steidel, CC Davies, R Lutz, D Nesvadba, N Tacconi, LJ Eisenhauer, F Abuter, R Gilbert, A Gillessen, S Sternberg, A AF Schreiber, N. M. Foerster Genzel, R. Lehnert, M. D. Bouche, N. Verma, A. Erb, D. K. Shapley, A. E. Steidel, C. C. Davies, R. Lutz, D. Nesvadba, N. Tacconi, L. J. Eisenhauer, F. Abuter, R. Gilbert, A. Gillessen, S. Sternberg, A. TI Sinfoni integral field spectroscopy of z similar to 2 UV-selected galaxies: Rotation curves and dynamical evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; infrared : galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STARBURST GALAXIES; RED GALAXIES; VELOCITY DISPERSION; STELLAR POPULATIONS; ADVANCED CAMERA AB We present similar to 0".5 resolution near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the H alpha line emission of 14 z similar to 2 UV-selected BM/BX galaxies, obtained with SINFONI at the ESO Very Large Telescope. The average H alpha half-light radius is r(1/2) approximate to 4h(70)(-1) kpc, and line emission is detected over greater than or similar to 20h(70)(-1) kpc in several sources. In nine galaxies, we detect spatially resolved velocity gradients, from 40 to 410 km s(-1) over similar to 10 h(70)(-1) kpc. The kinematics of the larger systems are generally consistent with orbital motions. Four galaxies are well described by rotating clumpy disks, and we extracted rotation curves out to radii greater than or similar to 10 h(70)(-1) kpc. One or two galaxies exhibit signatures more consistent with mergers. Analyzing all 14 galaxies in the framework of rotating disks, we infer mean inclination- and beam-corrected maximum circular velocities of v(c) similar to 180 +/- 90 km s(-1) and dynamical masses from similar to 0.5 to 25 x 10(10) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot within r(1/2). The specific angular momenta of our BM/BX galaxies are similar to those of local late-type galaxies. Moreover, the specific angular momenta of their baryons are comparable to those of their dark matter halos. Extrapolating from the average vc at 10 h(70)(-1) kpc, the virial mass of the typical halo of a galaxy in our sample is 10(11:7 +/- 0.5) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot. Kinematic modeling of the three best cases implies a ratio of v(c) to local velocity dispersion v(c)/sigma similar to 2-4 and, accordingly, a large geometric thickness. We argue that this suggests a mass accretion (alternatively, gas exhaustion) timescale of similar to 500 Myr. We also argue that if our BM/BX galaxies were initially gas-rich, their clumpy disks would subsequently lose their angular momentum and form compact bulges on a timescale of similar to 1 Gyr. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Schreiber, NMF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 78 TC 291 Z9 291 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1062 EP 1075 DI 10.1086/504403 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900026 ER PT J AU Vastel, C Caselli, P Ceccarelli, C Phillips, T Wiedner, MC Peng, R Houde, M Dominik, C AF Vastel, C. Caselli, P. Ceccarelli, C. Phillips, T. Wiedner, M. C. Peng, R. Houde, M. Dominik, C. TI The distribution of ortho-H2D+(1(1,0)-1(1,1)) in L1544: Tracing the deuteration factory in prestellar cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (L1544); ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; ISOLATED STAR-FORMATION; PRE-PROTOSTELLAR CORES; DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION; MOLECULAR-IONS; DARK CLOUD; INITIAL CONDITIONS; CHEMICAL-MODELS; 1ST DETECTION; GAS AB Prestellar cores are unique laboratories for studying the chemical and physical conditions preceding star formation. We observed the prestellar core L1544 in the fundamental transition of ortho-H2D+ (1(1,0) - 1(1,1)) at different positions over 10000 and found a strong correlation between its abundance and the CO depletion factor. We also present a tentative detection of the fundamental transition of para-D2H+ (1(1,0) - 1(0,1)) at the dust emission peak. Maps in N2H+, N2D+, HCO+, and DCO+ are used and interpreted with the aid of a spherically symmetric chemical model that predicts the column densities and abundances of these species as a function of radius. The correlation between the observed deuterium fractionation of H-3(+), N2H+, and HCO+ and the observed integrated CO depletion factor across the core can be reproduced by this chemical model. In addition, a simpler model is used to study the H2D+ ortho-to-para ratio. We conclude that, in order to reproduce the observed ortho-H2D+ observations, the grain radius should be larger than 0.3 mu m. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Caltech Submillimeter Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Sterrekundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Vastel, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 320-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 72 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1198 EP 1211 DI 10.1086/504371 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900038 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JK Harvey, PM Evans, NJ Huard, TL Allen, LE Porras, A Blake, GA Bourke, TL Chapman, N Cieza, L Koerner, DW Lai, SP Mundy, LG Myers, PC Padgett, DL Rebull, L Sargent, AI Spiesman, W Stapelfeldt, KR van Dishoeck, EF Wahhaj, Z Young, KE AF Jorgensen, Jes K. Harvey, Paul M. Evans, Neal J., II Huard, Tracy L. Allen, Lori E. Porras, Alicia Blake, Geoffrey A. Bourke, Tyler L. Chapman, Nicholas Cieza, Lucas Koerner, David W. Lai, Shih-Ping Mundy, Lee G. Myers, Philip C. Padgett, Deborah L. Rebull, Luisa Sargent, Anneila I. Spiesman, William Stapelfeldt, Karl R. van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Wahhaj, Zahed Young, Kaisa E. TI The Spitzer c2d survey of large, nearby, interstellar clouds. III. Perseus observed with IRAC SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; ISM : clouds; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION; CLUSTER IC-348; OPHIUCHI CLOUD; DARK CLOUD; PROTOSTARS; EXTINCTION; OUTFLOWS; NGC-1333 AB We present observations of 3.86 deg(2) of the Perseus molecular cloud complex with the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC). The maps show strong extended emission arising from shocked H-2 in outflows and from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon features. More than 120,000 sources are extracted toward the cloud. Based on their IRAC colors and comparison to off-cloud and extragalactic fields, we identify 400 candidate young stellar objects. About two-thirds of these are associated with the young clusters IC 348 and NGC 1333, while the last third is distributed over the remaining cloud. The young stellar objects are classified according to the slope of their spectral energy distributions. Significant differences are found between the numbers of embedded Class I objects and more evolved Class II objects in IC 348, NGC 1333 and the remaining cloud, with the embedded Class I and "flatspectrum'' YSOs constituting 14%, 36% and 47% of the total number of YSOs identified in each of these regions. The high number of Class I objects in the extended cloud (61% of the Class I objects in the entire cloud) suggests that a significant fraction of the current star formation occurs outside the two main clusters. Finally, we discuss a number of outflows and identify their driving sources, including the deeply embedded Class 0 sources outside the two main clusters. The Class 0 objects are detected by Spitzer and have very red [3.6] - [4.5] colors, but they do not show similarly red [5.8] - [8.0] colors. The Class 0 objects are easily identifiable in color-color diagrams but are problematic to extract automatically due to the extended emission from shocked gas or scattered light in cavities related to the associated outflows. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Jorgensen, JK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jjorgensen@cfa.harvard.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 47 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1246 EP 1263 DI 10.1086/504373 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900041 ER PT J AU Smith, HA Hora, JL Marengo, M Pipher, JL AF Smith, Howard A. Hora, J. L. Marengo, M. Pipher, Judith L. TI Outflows from massive young stellar objects as seen with the infrared array camera SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : ISM; ISM : individual (DR 21); ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; INTERSTELLAR DUST; SWS OBSERVATIONS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; HII-REGIONS; SHOCKED CO; ISO-SWS; EMISSION; H-2 AB The bipolar outflow from the massive star-forming cluster in DR 21 is one of the most powerful known, and in IRAC images the outflow stands out by virtue of its brightness at 4.5 mu m (band 2). Indeed, IRAC images of many Galactic and extragalactic star formation regions feature prominent band 2 morphologies. We have analyzed archival ISO SWS spectra of the DR 21 outflow and compare them to updated H-2 shocked and UV excitation models. We find that H-2 line emission contributes about 50% of the flux of the IRAC bands at 3.6, 4.5, and 5.8 mu m, and is a significant contributor to the 8.0 mu m band as well, and confirm that the outflow contains multiple excitation mechanisms. Other potentially strong features, in particular Br alpha and CO emission, have been suggested as contributing to IRAC fluxes in outflows, but they are weak or absent in DR 21; surprisingly, there also is no evidence for strong PAH emission. The results imply that IRAC images can be a powerful detector of, and diagnostic for, outflows caused by massive star formation activity in our Galaxy, and in other galaxies as well. They also suggest that IRAC color-color diagnostic diagrams may need to take into account the possible influence of these strong emission lines. IRAC images of the general ISM in the region, away from the outflow, are in approximate, but not precise, agreement with theoretical models. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Smith, HA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hsmith@cfa.harvard.edu OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 33 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1264 EP 1271 DI 10.1086/504370 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900042 ER PT J AU Padgett, DL Cieza, L Stapelfeldt, KR Evans, NJ Koerner, D Sargent, A Fukagawa, M van Dishoeck, EF Augereau, JC Allen, L Blake, G Brooke, T Chapman, N Harvey, P Porras, A Lai, SP Mundy, L Myers, PC Spiesman, W Wahhaj, Z AF Padgett, Deborah L. Cieza, Lucas Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Evans, Neal J., II Koerner, David Sargent, Anneila Fukagawa, Misato van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Augereau, Jean-Charles Allen, Lori Blake, Geoff Brooke, Tim Chapman, Nicholas Harvey, Paul Porras, Alicia Lai, Shih-Ping Mundy, Lee Myers, Philip C. Spiesman, William Wahhaj, Zahed TI The Spitzer c2d survey of weak-line T Tauri stars. I. Initial results SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; X-RAY SOURCES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; PROPER MOTION; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; EVOLUTIONARY STATUS; PLANET FORMATION AB Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have observed 90 weak-line and classical T Tauri stars in the vicinity of the Ophiuchus, Lupus, Chamaeleon, and Taurus star-forming regions as part of the Cores to Disks (c2d) Spitzer Legacy project. In addition to the Spitzer data, we have obtained contemporaneous optical photometry to assist in constructing spectral energy distributions. These objects were specifically chosen as solar-type young stars with low levels of H alpha emission, strong X-ray emission, and lithium absorption, i.e., weak-line T Tauri stars, most of which were undetected in the mid- to far-IR by the IRAS survey. Weak-line T Tauri stars are potentially extremely important objects in determining the timescale over which disk evolution may take place. Our objective is to determine whether these young stars are diskless or have remnant disks that are below the detection threshold of previous infrared missions. We find that only 5/83 weak-line T Tauri stars have detectable excess emission between 3.6 and 70 mu m, which would indicate the presence of dust from the inner few tenths of an AU out to the planet-forming regions a few tens of AU from the star. Of these sources, two have small excesses at 24 mu m consistent with optically thin disks; the others have optically thick disks already detected by previous IR surveys. All of the seven classical T Tauri stars show excess emission at 24 and 70 mu m although their properties vary at shorter wavelengths. Our initial results show that disks are rare among young stars selected for their weak H alpha emission. C1 CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Padgett, DL (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Mail Code 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dlp@ipac.caltech.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012 NR 88 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1283 EP 1296 DI 10.1086/504374 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900044 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Ohashi, N Lim, J Ho, PTP Fukagawa, M Tamura, M AF Lin, Shin-Yi Ohashi, Nagayoshi Lim, Jeremy Ho, Paul T. P. Fukagawa, Misato Tamura, Motohide TI Possible molecular spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk of AB Aurigae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (AB Aur) ID HERBIG AE/BE SYSTEMS; HL TAURI; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; GAS; STARS; ENVELOPE; ARRAY AB The circumstellar dust disk of the Herbig Ae star AB Aur has been found to exhibit complex spiral-like structures in the near-IR image obtained with the Subaru Telescope. We present maps of the disk in both (CO)-C-12 (3-2) and dust continuum at 345 GHz with the Submillimeter Array at an angular resolution of 1."0 x 0."7 (144 x 100 AU). The continuum emission traces a dust disk with a central depression and a maximum overall dimension of 450 AU (FWHM). This dust disk exhibits several distinct peaks that appear to coincide with bright features in the near-IR image, in particular the brightest inner spiral arm. The CO emission traces a rotating gas disk of size 530; 330 AU with a deprojected maximum velocity of 2.8 km s(-1) at 450 AU. In contrast with the dust disk, the gas disk exhibits an intensity peak at the stellar position. Furthermore, the CO emission in several velocity channels traces the innermost spiral arm seen in the near-IR. We compare the observed spatial-kinematic structure of the CO emission to a simple model of a disk in Keplerian rotation and find that only the emission tracing the main spiral arm clearly lies outside the confines of our model. This emission has a net outward radial motion compared with the radial velocity predicted by the model at the location of the main spiral arms. The disk of AB Aur is therefore quite different from the Keplerian disks seen around many Herbig Ae stars. The spiral-like structures of the disk with non-Keplerian motions we revealed in (CO)-C-12 (3-2), together with the central depression of the dust disk, could be explained to be driven by the possible existence of a giant planet forming in the disk. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, 101,Sect 2 Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.1086/504368 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900045 ER PT J AU Hughes, JP Rafelski, M Warren, JS Rakowski, C Slane, P Burrows, D Nousek, J AF Hughes, John P. Rafelski, Marc Warren, Jessica S. Rakowski, Cara Slane, Patrick Burrows, David Nousek, John TI The Chandra view of the supernova remnant 0506-68.0 in the large magellanic cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (LHA 120-N 23, SNR 0506-68.0); shock waves; supernova remnants; X-rays : individual (CXOU J050552.3-680141); X-rays : ISM ID STAR AB A new Chandra observation of SNR 0506-68.0 (also called N23) reveals a complex, highly structured morphology in the low-energy X-ray band and an isolated compact central object in the high-energy band. Spectral analysis indicates that the X-ray emission overall is dominated by thermal gas whose composition is consistent with swept-up ambient material. There is a strong gradient in ambient density across the diameter of the remnant. Toward the southeast, near a prominent star cluster, the emitting density is 10-23 cm(-3), while toward the northwest it has dropped to a value of only 1 cm(-3). The total extent of the X-ray remnant is 100" x 120 (24 x 29 pc for a distance of 50 kpc), somewhat larger than previously known. The remnant's age is estimated to be similar to 4600 yr. One part of the remnant shows evidence for enhanced O, Ne, and perhaps Mg abundances, which is interpreted as evidence for ejecta from a massive star core collapse supernova. The compact central object has a luminosity of a few times 10(33) ergs s(-1) and no obvious radio or optical counterpart. It does not show an extended nebula or pulsed emission as expected from a young energetic pulsar, but resembles the compact central objects seen in other core collapse SNe, such as Cas A. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hughes, JP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM jph@physics.rutgers.edu; marcar@astro.ucla.edu; jesawyer@physics.rutgers.edu; rakowski@head-cfa.harvard.edu; slane@head-cfa.harvard.edu; dxb15@psu.edu; nousek@astro.psu.edu NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/506323 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XW UT WOS:000239054200008 ER PT J AU Iono, D Yun, MS Elvis, M Peck, AB Ho, PTP Wilner, DJ Hunter, TR Matsushita, S Muller, S AF Iono, Daisuke Yun, Min S. Elvis, Martin Peck, Alison B. Ho, Paul T. P. Wilner, David J. Hunter, Todd R. Matsushita, Satoki Muller, Sebastien TI A detection of [C II] line emission in the z=4.7 QSO BR 1202-0725 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (BR 1202-0725); galaxies : starburst; submillimeter ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; QUASAR BR 1202-0725; 158 MICRON C; STAR-FORMATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; MOLECULAR GAS; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; MU-M; COMPANION; DUST AB We present similar to 3(n) resolution imaging of the z = 4.7 QSO BR 1202-0725 at 900 mm from the Submillimeter Array. The two submillimeter continuum components are clearly resolved from each other, and the positions are consistent with previous lower frequency images. In addition, we detect [C II] line emission from the northern component at L-[C II] = 4.5 x 10(9) L-circle dot. The ratio of [C II] to far-infrared luminosity is 0.04% for the northern component, and an upper limit of < 0.03% is obtained for the southern component. These ratios are similar to the low values found in local ultraluminous galaxies, indicating that the excitation conditions are different from those found in local field galaxies. X-ray emission is detected by Chandra from the southern component at L0.5-2 keV = 3 x 10(45) ergs s(-1) and, at 99.6% confidence, from the northern component at L0.5-2 keV similar to 3 x 10(44) ergs s(-1), supporting the idea that BR 1202-0725 is a pair of interacting galaxies at and that each harbors z = 4.7 an active nucleus. C1 Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Iono, D (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM d.iono@nao.ac.jp OI Hunter, Todd/0000-0001-6492-0090; /0000-0002-9931-1313 NR 40 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP L97 EP L100 DI 10.1086/506344 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XW UT WOS:000239054200003 ER PT J AU Brady, SG Sipes, S Pearson, A Danforth, BN AF Brady, Sean G. Sipes, Sedonia Pearson, Adam Danforth, Bryan N. TI Recent and simultaneous origins of eusociality in halictid bees SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE eusociality; sweat bees; Halictidae; social insects; behavioural evolution ID RUBICUNDUS HYMENOPTERA; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; DIVERGENCE TIMES; NESTING BIOLOGY; SEQUENCE DATA; EVOLUTION; LIKELIHOOD; PHYLOGENY; SOLITARY; AMBER AB Eusocial organisms are characterized by cooperative brood care, generation overlap and reproductive division of labour. Traits associated with eusociality are most developed in ants, termites, paper wasps and corbiculate bees; the fossil record indicates that each of these advanced eusocial taxa evolved in the Late Cretaceous or earlier (greater than 65 Myr ago). Halictid bees also include a large and diverse number of eusocial members, but, in contrast to advanced eusocial taxa, they are characterized by substantial intra- and inter-specific variation in social behaviour, which may be indicative of more recent eusocial evolution. To test this hypothesis, we used over 2400 bp of DNA sequence data gathered from three protein-coding nuclear genes (opsin, wingless and EF-1a) to infer the phylogeny of eusocial halictid lineages and their relatives. Results from relaxed molecular clock dating techniques that utilize a combination of molecular and fossil data indicate that the three independent origins of eusociality in halictid bees occurred within a narrow time frame between approximately 20 and 22 Myr ago. This relatively recent evolution helps to explain the pronounced levels of social variation observed within these bees. The three origins of eusociality appear to be temporally correlated with a period of global warming, suggesting that climate may have had an important role in the evolution and maintenance of eusociality in these bees. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Brady, SG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 4210 Silver Hall Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM bradys@si.edu NR 64 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1594 BP 1643 EP 1649 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3496 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 056OZ UT WOS:000238536300010 PM 16769636 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Marin, H Zimmerman, JK Rehner, SA Wcislo, WT AF Fernandez-Marin, H Zimmerman, JK Rehner, SA Wcislo, WT TI Active use of the metapleural glands by ants in controlling fungal infection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE metapleural gland; pathogens; antibiotics; hygiene; social evolution; ants ID LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; GROWING ANTS; HYMENOPTERA INSECTA; FORMICIDAE; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; SECRETION; ATTINI; PHYLOGENY; BEHAVIORS AB Insect societies face constant challenges from disease agents. Ants deploy diverse antimicrobial compounds against pathogens and the key sources are metapleural glands (MGs). Are MG products passively secreted and used indiscriminately or are they selectively used when ants are challenged by pathogens? In 26 species from five subfamilies, ants use foreleg movements to precisely groom the MG opening. In the absence of experimental infection, MG grooming rates are low and workers groom themselves after contacting the MGs. The derived leaf-cutter ants (Atta and Acromyrmex) also groom their fungal gardens, substrata (leaves), queens and nest-mates after MG grooming. Atta respond to a challenge by fungal conidia by increasing the rate of MG grooming, but do not do so when an inert powder is applied. This increase occurs in the first hour after a potential infection, after which it returns to baseline levels. Ants with open MGs produce more infrabuccal. pellets (IP) than ants with sealed MGs and conidia within pellets from the former are less likely to germinate. Thus, ants selectively groom their MGs when disease agents are present, suggesting that they also selectively use their MG secretions, which has important implications for understanding the evolution of hygienic behaviour in social groups. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. RP Wcislo, WT (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM wcislow@si.edu NR 47 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1594 BP 1689 EP 1695 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3492 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 056OZ UT WOS:000238536300016 PM 16769642 ER PT J AU Condit, R Ashton, P Bunyavejchewin, S Dattaraja, HS Davies, S Esufali, S Ewango, C Foster, R Gunatilleke, IAUN Gunatilleke, CVS Hall, P Harms, KE Hart, T Hernandez, C Hubbell, S Itoh, A Kiratiprayoon, S LaFrankie, J de Lao, SL Makana, JR Noor, MNS Kassim, AR Russo, S Sukumar, R Samper, C Suresh, HS Tan, S Thomas, S Valencia, R Vallejo, M Villa, G Zillio, T AF Condit, Richard Ashton, Peter Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh Dattaraja, H. S. Davies, Stuart Esufali, Shameema Ewango, Corneille Foster, Robin Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N. Gunatilleke, C. V. S. Hall, Pamela Harms, Kyle E. Hart, Terese Hernandez, Consuelo Hubbell, Stephen Itoh, Akira Kiratiprayoon, Somboon LaFrankie, James de Lao, Suzanne Loo Makana, Jean-Remy Noor, Md. Nur Supardi Kassim, Abdul Rahman Russo, Sabrina Sukumar, Raman Samper, Cristian Suresh, Hebbalalu S. Tan, Sylvester Thomas, Sean Valencia, Renato Vallejo, Martha Villa, Gorky Zillio, Tommaso TI The importance of demographic niches to tree diversity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-RICHNESS; TROPICAL FOREST; TRADE-OFFS; LONG-TERM; DYNAMICS; COEXISTENCE; RATES; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPETITION AB Most ecological hypotheses about species coexistence hinge on species differences, but quantifying trait differences across species in diverse communities is often unfeasible. We examined the variation of demographic traits using a global tropical forest data set covering 4500 species in 10 large-scale tree inventories. With a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we quantified the distribution of mortality and growth rates of all tree species at each site. This allowed us to test the prediction that demographic differences facilitate species richness, as suggested by the theory that a tradeoff between high growth and high survival allows species to coexist. Contrary to the prediction, the most diverse forests had the least demographic variation. Although demographic differences may foster coexistence, they do not explain any of the 16-fold variation in tree species richness observed across the tropics. C1 Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Harvard Univ Herbaria, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Asia Program, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Thai Natl Pk Wildlife & Plant Conservat Dept, Res Off, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Univ Peradeniya, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka. Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Field Museum, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32309 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Kinshasa 1, Zaire. Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Osaka City Univ, Fac Sci, Plant Ecol Lab, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 558, Japan. Thammasat Univ Rangsit, Fac Sci & Technol, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand. Nanyang Technol Univ, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Asia Program, Natl Inst Educ, Singapore 637616, Singapore. Forest Res Inst, Forest Environm Div, Kuala Lumpur 52109, Malaysia. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Sarawak forest Dept, Forest Res Ctr, Kuching 93250, Sarawak, Malaysia. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. Inst Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. RP Condit, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM condit@ctfs.si.edu RI Thomas, Sean/B-6089-2008; Raman, Sukumar/C-9809-2013 NR 24 TC 123 Z9 152 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5783 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1126/science.1124712 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 061DA UT WOS:000238850200040 PM 16763113 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, WF TI Second thoughts on who goes where in author lists SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7098 BP 26 EP 26 DI 10.1038/442026d PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 059HS UT WOS:000238724500019 PM 16823429 ER PT J AU Backwell, P Jennions, M Wada, K Murai, M Christy, J AF Backwell, Patricia Jennions, Michael Wada, Keiji Murai, Minoru Christy, John TI Synchronous waving in two species of fiddler crabs SO ACTA ETHOLOGICA LA English DT Article ID FEMALE CHOICE; VIDEO AB In the fiddler crabs Uca saltitanta and Uca perplexa, males attract mates by waving their enlarged claws. We show that in both species waving is closely synchronised between neighbouring males in clusters, both in the presence of mate-searching females and in their absence. Wandering females visit those males in the cluster that produce more waves at faster wave rates. In U. perplexa, they also selectively visit those males that produce the greatest number of leading waves. Synchronous waving may be the result of a precedence effect causing male competition to produce leading signals. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Sch Bot & Zool, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Ryukyus, Trop Biosphere Res Ctr, Okinawa 90502, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nara 6308506, Japan. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Backwell, P (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Sch Bot & Zool, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM pat.backwell@anu.edu.au RI Jennions, Michael/C-7560-2009; Backwell, Patricia/C-8883-2009 OI Jennions, Michael/0000-0001-9221-2788; NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0873-9749 J9 ACTA ETHOL JI Acta Ethol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10211-005-0009-8 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 094GF UT WOS:000241227100003 ER PT J AU Zhou, SL Funamoto, T Huang, PH Wen, J AF Zhou Shi-Liang Funamoto, Tsuneo Huang Pu-Hua Wen Jun TI Discovery of Abelia spathulata (Caprifoliaceae) in eastern China SO ACTA PHYTOTAXONOMICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE Caprifoliaceae; Abelia; Abelia spathulata; China ID MEXICO AB Abelia spathulata, a species native to Japan, is discovered in Zhejiang Province, China. It is most closely related to A. chinensis genetically but easily distinguishable by its 2-flowered cyme (vs. flowers many in a terminal particle in A. chinensis) at the end of branchlets, white or pink (vs. white) corolla, which is 2-3 (vs. 0.5-1) cm long, campanulate and bilabiate (vs. infundibuliform, nearly regular), and non-exserted (vs. exserted) stamens. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Showa Pharmaceut Univ, Inst Biol, Machida, Tokyo 1948543, Japan. NE Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Herbarium, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist,MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM wenj@si.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0529-1526 J9 ACTA PHYTOTAXON SIN JI Acta Phytotaxon. Sin. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 467 EP 470 DI 10.1360/aps050174 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 067WP UT WOS:000239333600012 ER PT J AU Power, ML Schulkin, J AF Power, ML Schulkin, J TI Functions of corticotropin-releasing hormone in anthropoid primates: From brain to placenta SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FETAL ADRENAL-CELLS; FACTOR CRF FAMILY; MATERNAL PLASMA; BINDING PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; CORD PLASMA; GLUCOCORTICOID REGULATION; EMBRYO IMPLANTATION AB Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is an ancient regulatory molecule. The CRH hormone family has at least four ligands, two receptors, and a binding protein. Its well-known role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is only one of many. The expression of CRH and its related peptides is widespread in peripheral tissue, with important functions in the immune system, energy metabolism, and female reproduction. For example, CRH is involved in the implantation of fertilized ova and in maternal tolerance to the fetus. An apparently unique adaptation has evolved in anthropoid primates: placental expression of CRH. Placental CRH stimulates the fetal adrenal zone, an adrenal structure unique to primates, to produce dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), which is converted to estrogen by the placenta. Cortisol induced from the fetal and maternal adrenal glands by placental CRH induces further placental CRH expression, forming a positive feedback system that results in increasing placental production of estrogen. In humans, abnormally high placental expression of CRH is associated with pregnancy complications (e.g., preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preeclampsia). Within anthropoid primates, there are at least two patterns of placental CRH expression over gestation: monkeys differ from great apes (and humans) by having a midgestational peak in CRH expression. The functional significance of these differences between monkeys and apes is not yet understood, but it supports the hypothesis that placental CRH performs multiple roles during gestation. A clearer understanding of the diversity of patterns of placental CRH expression among anthropoid primates would aid our understanding of its role in human pregnancy. C1 Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, 409 12th St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM mpower@ACOG.ORG OI Power, Michael/0000-0002-6120-3528 NR 104 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 431 EP 447 DI 10.1002/ajhb.20521 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 057VU UT WOS:000238624100001 PM 16788901 ER PT J AU Sorensen, S Harlow, GE Rumble, D AF Sorensen, Sorena Harlow, George E. Rumble, Douglas, III TI The origin of jadeitite-forming subduction-zone fluids: CL-guided SIMS oxygen-isotope and trace-element evidence SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE gems and gemstones; metamorphic petrology; analysis; chemical; major and minor elements; trace elements and REE; stable isotopes; petrography ID MOTAGUA FAULT ZONE; OCEANIC-CRUST; CATALINA-SCHIST; AQUEOUS FLUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; ARC LAVAS; CONSTRAINTS; MINERALS; MANTLE; DEEP AB Jadeitite, a rare high P/T rock, is associated spatially with blueschist and/or eclogite terranes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cathodoluminescence (CL) petrography of jadeitite samples from several major occurrences [in Burma (Myanmar), Guatemala, Japan, Kazakhstan, and the U.S.A.] show that grains were deposited from fluids. Jadeite grain compositions indicate these fluid compositions changed with time. CL imagery guided the acquisition of oxygen-isotope and trace-element analyses with the ion microprobe. Jadeite grains in each rock grew in cycles that began with red- and/or blue-luminescent and ended with green-luminescent zones. The CL images were used to order the data into crystallization sequences. These data and electron-microprobe, major-element analyses document the association of green CL with increases in Ca, Mg, and Cr: (1) toward grain exteriors; (2) in fine-grained matrix around porphyroblasts; (3) in shear zones that cut grains; (4) in former open spaces now filled with jadeite; or (5) in veins. Abundances of many trace elements are greater in green-CL jadeitite compared with the red- or blue-CL zones. Some of these elements - in particular Li, Rb, Sr, Ti, Hf, Zr, Y, and REE- are unlikely to have been derived from serpentinite. Although crystal-chemical effects may explain some of the trace-element systematics (e.g., preferential incorporation of REE into Ca-richer jadeite), some kinetic control is suggested by sector-zoned, rhythmically zoned grains. The oxygen-isotope data suggest that jadeitite-depositing fluids either had multiple sources or evolved in composition along their flow paths (or both). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Sorensen, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM sorensen@si.edu NR 78 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 91 IS 7 BP 979 EP 996 DI 10.2138/am.2006.1949 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 063UU UT WOS:000239046200001 ER PT J AU Soliman, AS Wang, X Stanley, JD El-Ghawalby, N Bondy, ML Ezzat, F Soultan, A Abdel-Wahab, M Fathy, O Ebidi, G Abdel-Karim, N Do, KA Levin, B Hamilton, SR Abbruzzese, JL AF Soliman, AS Wang, X Stanley, JD El-Ghawalby, N Bondy, ML Ezzat, F Soultan, A Abdel-Wahab, M Fathy, O Ebidi, G Abdel-Karim, N Do, KA Levin, B Hamilton, SR Abbruzzese, JL TI Geographical clustering of pancreatic cancers in the northeast Nile Delta region of Egypt SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT; INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES; MANZALA LAGOON; PLANT WORKERS; GROUND-WATER; LAKE MANZALA; RIVER NILE; FOLLOW-UP; K-RAS; MORTALITY AB The northeast Nile Delta, Egypt's most polluted region, appears to have a high incidence of pancreatic cancer. We sought to determine whether there is any geographic clustering of pancreatic cancers there and, if so, whether such clustering might be associated with environmental pollution. Using data from the medical records of the Gastrointestinal Surgical Center of Mansoura University in the Dakahleia Province of Egypt and detailed geographical maps of the northeast Nile Delta region, we plotted the residences of all 373 patients who had pancreatic cancer diagnosed between 1995 and 2000. The study region has 15 administrative districts, whose centroid coordinates, population, and number of pancreatic cancer patients were determined for this study. Monte Carlo simulation identified statistically significant clustering of pancreatic cancer in five subdivisions located near the Nile River and Delta plains. This clustering was independent of population size and formed two larger clusters. When data were analyzed by sex, clustering of pancreatic cancer was observed in the same five subdivisions for men but only two subdivisions showed clustering for women. Together, our data suggest that there is clustering of pancreatic cancer cases in the northeast Nile delta region and that this clustering may be related to water pollution. Our data also warrant future studies of the association between water pollution and pancreatic cancer in the region. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Deltas Global Change & Coastal Geoarchaeol Progra, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Mansoura Univ, Gastrointestinal Surg Ctr, Mansoura, Egypt. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Canc Prevent, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gastrointestinal Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Soliman, AS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM asoliman@umich.edu OI Abdel wahab, Mohamed/0000-0003-0004-6036 FU NCI NIH HHS [K07 CA090241, 5 P30 CA46592, CA99513] NR 64 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0154-0 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 035DN UT WOS:000236980500018 PM 16453066 ER PT J AU Woods, DF Geller, MJ Barton, EJ AF Woods, Deborah Freedman Geller, Margaret J. Barton, Elizabeth J. TI Tidally triggered star formation in close pairs of galaxies: Major and minor interactions SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : stellar content ID PISCES-PERSEUS SUPERCLUSTER; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 21 CM SURVEY; HIERARCHICAL UNIVERSE; INFRARED GALAXIES; MERGING GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; FORMATION RATES AB We study star formation in a sample of 345 galaxies in 167 pairs and compact groups drawn from the original CfA2 Redshift Survey and from a follow-up search for companions. We construct our sample with attention to including pairs with luminosity contrast vertical bar Delta m(R)vertical bar >= 2. These 57 galaxies with vertical bar Delta m(R)vertical bar >= 2 provide a set of nearby representative cases of minor interactions, a central feature of the hierarchical galaxy formation model. Here we report the redshifts and positions of the 345 galaxies in our sample and of 136 galaxies in apparent pairs that are superpositions. In the pairs sample as a whole, there are strong correlations between the equivalent width of the H alpha emission line and the projected spatial and line-of-sight velocity separation of the pair. For pairs of small luminosity contrast, vertical bar Delta m(R)vertical bar < 2, the member galaxies show a correlation between the equivalent width of H alpha and the projected spatial separation of the pair. However, for pairs with large luminosity contrast, vertical bar Delta m(R)vertical bar >= 2, we detect no correlation between the equivalent width of H alpha and the projected spatial separation. The relative luminosity of the companion galaxy is more important in a gravitational tidal interaction than the intrinsic luminosity of the galaxy. Central star formation across the entire pairs sample depends strongly on the luminosity ratio, vertical bar Delta m(R)vertical bar, a reasonable proxy for the mass ratio of the pair; pairs composed of similarly luminous galaxies produce the strongest bursts of star formation. Pairs with vertical bar Delta m(R)vertical bar >= 2 rarely have EW(H alpha) greater than or similar to 70 angstrom. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Woods, DF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dwoods@cfa.harvard.edu NR 79 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1086/504834 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XR UT WOS:000239053700016 ER PT J AU Burke, CJ Gaudi, BS DePoy, DL Pogge, RW AF Burke, Christopher J. Gaudi, B. Scott DePoy, D. L. Pogge, Richard W. TI Survey for transiting extrasolar planets in stellar systems. III. A limit on the fraction of stars with planets in the open cluster NGC 1245 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 1245) planetary systems ID RESOLVED CCD PHOTOMETRY; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; GIANT PLANETS; PERIOD DISTRIBUTION; MICROLENSING EVENT; EXTENSIVE SEARCH; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; UNBIASED SAMPLE; GALACTIC BULGE; SOLAR PLANETS AB We analyze a 19 night photometric search for transiting extrasolar planets in the open cluster NGC 1245. An automated transit search algorithm with quantitative selection criteria finds six transit candidates; none are bona fide planetary transits. We characterize the survey detection probability via Monte Carlo injection and recovery of realistic limb-darkened transits. We use this to derive upper limits on the fraction of cluster members with close-in Jupiter radii, R-J, companions. The survey sample contains similar to 870 cluster members, and we calculate 95% confidence upper limits on the fraction of these stars with planets by assuming that the planets have an even logarithmic distribution in semimajor axis over the Hot Jupiter (HJ; 3.0 < P day(-1) < 9.0) and Very Hot Jupiter (VHJ; 1.0 < P day(-1) < 3.0) period ranges. For 1.5R(J) companions we limit the fraction of cluster members with companions to < 6.4% and < 52% for VHJ and HJ companions, respectively. For 1.0R(J) companions we find that < 24% have VHJ companions. We do not reach the sensitivity to place any meaningful constraints on 1.0RJ HJ companions. From a careful analysis of the random and systematic errors of the calculation, we show that the derived upper limits contain a +13%/-7% relative error. For photometric noise and weather properties similar to those of this survey, observing NGC 1245 twice as long results in a tighter constraint on HJ companions than observing an additional cluster of richness similar to that of NGC 1245 for the same length of time as this survey. If 1% of stars have 1.5RJ HJ companions (as measured in radial velocity surveys), we expect to detect one planet for every 5000 dwarf stars observed for a month. To reach an similar to 2% upper limit on the fraction of stars with 1.5R(J) companions in the 3.0 < P day(-1) < 9.0 range, we conclude that a total sample size of similar to 7400 dwarf stars observed for at least a month will be needed. Results for 1.0RJ companions, without substantial improvement in the photometric precision, will require a small factor larger sample size. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Burke, CJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cjburke@astronomy.ohio-state.edu RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 75 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 210 EP 230 DI 10.1086/504468 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XR UT WOS:000239053700017 ER PT J AU Maddox, LA Cowan, JJ Kilgard, RE Lacey, CK Prestwich, AH Stockdale, CJ Wolfing, E AF Maddox, L. A. Cowan, J. J. Kilgard, R. E. Lacey, C. K. Prestwich, A. H. Stockdale, C. J. Wolfing, E. TI A study of compact radio sources in nearby face-on spiral galaxies. I. Long-term evolution of M83 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 5236=M83); HII regions; radio continuum : galaxies; supernova remnants; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY SOURCES; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; DOUBLE NUCLEUS; HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE; OPTICAL-EMISSION; NGC 5236; STARBURST; SEARCH; PHOTOMETRY; DISCOVERY AB We present analyses of deep radio observations of M83 taken with the Very Large Array spanning 15 yr, including never-before-published observations from 1990 and 1998. We report on the evolution of 55 individual point sources, which include four of the six known historical supernovae in this galaxy. A total of 10 sources have X-ray counterparts from a Chandra survey. Each of these sources show nonthermal spectral indices, and most appear to be X-ray supernova remnants. Comparing the radio source list to surveys in the optical and X-ray, we identify three optical/X-ray supernova remnants. Nearly half of the detected radio sources in these observations are coincident with known H II regions lying in the spiral arm structures of the galaxy. We also report on changes in emission from the complex nuclear region, which has shown variability at 20 cm wavelengths. We confirm that the peak radio emission from the nucleus is not coincident with the known optical center. One lesser nuclear peak is consistent with the optical/IR nucleus. Previous dynamical studies of a "dark'' nuclear mass indicate a possible match to other radio nuclear emission regions in M83. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Maddox, LA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.1086/505024 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XR UT WOS:000239053700024 ER PT J AU Buchanan, CL Gallimore, JF O'Dea, CP Baum, SA Axon, DJ Robinson, A Elitzur, M Elvis, M AF Buchanan, Catherine L. Gallimore, Jack F. O'Dea, Christopher P. Baum, Stefi A. Axon, David J. Robinson, Andrew Elitzur, Moshe Elvis, Martin TI Spitzer IRS spectra of a large sample of Seyfert galaxies: A variety of infrared spectral energy distributions in the local active galactic nucleus population SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : spiral; infrared : galaxies ID RESOLUTION RADIO OBSERVATIONS; EXTENDED 12-MU-M SAMPLE; BROAD-BAND PROPERTIES; OBSCURING DUST TORI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPACE-TELESCOPE; HOST GALAXIES; UNIFIED MODEL; EMISSION; QUASARS AB We are conducting a large observing program with the Spitzer Space Telescope to determine the mid- to far-IR spectral energy distributions of a well-defined sample of 87 nearby, 12 mu m - selected Seyfert galaxies. In this paper we present the results of Spitzer IRS low-resolution spectroscopy of a statistically representative subsample of 51 of the galaxies (59%), with an analysis of the continuum shapes and a comparison of the Seyfert types. We find that the spectra clearly divide into groups based on their continuum shapes and spectral features. The largest group (47% of the sample of 51) shows a very red continuum suggestive of cool dust and strong emission features attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sixteen objects (31%) have a power-law continuum with spectral indices of alpha(5-20) (mu m) = -2.3 to -0.9 that flatten to alpha(20-35) (mu m) = -1:1 to 0.0 at similar to 20 mu m. Clear silicate emission features at 10 and 18 mu m are found in two of these objects (Mrk 6 and Mrk 335). A further 16% of the sample show power-law continua with unchanging slopes of alpha 5-35 mu m = -1:7 to -1.1. Two objects are dominated by a broad silicate absorption feature. One object in the sample shows an unusual spectrum dominated by emission features, which is unlike any of the other spectra. Some spectral features are clearly related to a starburst contribution to the IR spectrum, while the mechanisms producing observed power-law continuum shapes, attributed to an active galactic nucleus (AGN) component, may be dust or nonthermal emission. The IR spectral types appear to be related to the Seyfert types. Principal component analysis results suggest that the relative contribution of starburst emission may be the dominant cause of variance in the observed spectra. The derived starburst component of each spectrum, however, contributes < 40% of the total flux density. We compare the IR emission with the optically thin radio emission associated with the AGN and find that Seyfert 1 galaxies have higher ratios of IR to radio emission than Seyfert 2 galaxies, as predicted by the unified model if the torus is optically thick in the mid- IR. However, smooth-density torus models predict a much larger difference between Seyfert types 1 and 2 than the factor of 2 difference observed in our sample; the observed factor of similar to 2 difference between the type 1 and type 2 galaxies in their IR-to-radio ratios above 15 mu m requires the standard smooth-density torus models to be optically thin at these wavelengths. However, the resulting low torus opacity requires that the high observed columns detected in X-ray absorption be produced in gas with a very low dust-to-gas ratio (perhaps within the dust sublimation region). On the other hand, our observations may be consistent with clumpy torus models containing a steep radial distribution of optically thick dense clumps. The selection of our sample at 12 mu m, where the torus may be optically thick, implies that there may be orientation-dependent biases in the sample; however, we do not find that the sample is biased toward Seyfert 2 galaxies with more luminous central engines, as would be expected. We find that the Seyfert 2 galaxies typically show stronger starburst contributions than the Seyfert 1 galaxies in the sample, contrary to what is expected based on the unified scheme for AGNs. This may be due to the selection effect that only those Seyfert 2 galaxies with strong starburst contributions had high enough integrated 12 mu m flux densities to fall abov the flux limit of the sample. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Phys, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Buchanan, CL (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM clbsps@cis.rit.edu NR 79 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 401 EP 419 DI 10.1086/505022 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XR UT WOS:000239053700031 ER PT J AU Beuther, H Zhang, Q Sridharan, TK Lee, CF Zapata, LA AF Beuther, H. Zhang, Q. Sridharan, T. K. Lee, C. -F. Zapata, L. A. TI The high-mass star-forming region IRAS 18182-1433 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; stars : early-type; stars : individual : IRAS 18182-1433; stars : winds, outflows ID ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; CO LINE FORMATION; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; WATER MASERS; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; RADIO-CONTINUUM; DUST CONTINUUM; PROPER MOTIONS; BIPOLAR FLOWS; H2O MASERS AB Aims. We present mm line and continuum observations at high spatial resolution characterizing the physical and chemical properties of the young massive star-forming region IRAS 18182-1433. Methods. The region was observed with the Submillimeter Array in the 1.3mm band. The data are complemented with short-spacing information from single-dish CO(2-1) observations. SiO(1-0) data from the VLA are added to the analysis. Results. Multiple massive outflows emanate from the mm continuum peak. The CO(2-1) data reveal a quadrupolar outflow system consisting of two outflows inclined by similar to 90 degrees. One outflow exhibits a cone-like red-shifted morphology with a jet-like blue-shifted counterpart where a blue counter-cone can only be tentatively identified. The SiO(1-0) data suggest the presence of a third outflow. Analyzing the (12)CO/(13)CO line ratios indicates decreasing CO line opacities with increasing velocities. Although we observe a multiple outflow system, the mm continuum peak remains single-peaked at the given spatial resolution (similar to 13500AU). The other seven detected molecular species -also high-density tracers like CH(3)CN, CH(3)OH, HCOOCH(3)-are all similar to 1-2 '' offset from the mm continuum peak, but spatially associated with a strong molecular outflow peak and a cm emission feature indicative of a thermal jet. This spatial displacement between the molecular lines and the mm continuum emission could be either due to an unresolved sub-source at the position of the cm feature, or the outflow/jet itself alters the chemistry of the core enhancing the molecular abundances toward that region. A temperature estimate based on the CH(3)CN(12(k)-11(k)) lines suggests temperatures of the order of 150K. A velocity analysis of the high-density tracing molecules reveals that at the given spatial resolution none of them shows any coherent velocity structure which would be consistent with a rotating disk. We discuss this lack of rotation signatures and attribute it to intrinsic difficulties to observationally isolate massive accretion disks from the surrounding dense gas envelopes and the molecular outflows. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Beuther, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM beuther@mpia-hd.mpg.de; name@cfa.harvard.edu OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 454 IS 1 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20064887 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 059IK UT WOS:000238726300027 ER PT J AU Castelli, F Kurucz, RL AF Castelli, F Kurucz, RL TI Computed H-beta indices from ATLAS9 model atmospheres SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : fundamental parameters; techniques : photometric ID BALMER LINE-PROFILES; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; A-STAR; F-STAR; B-STAR; SURFACE GRAVITY; PHOTOMETRY; CALIBRATION AB Aims. Grids of H-beta indices based on updated (new-ODF) ATLAS9 model atmospheres were computed for solar and scaled solar metallicities [+ 0.5], [+ 0.2], [0.0], [- 0.5], [- 1.0], [- 1.5], [- 2.0], [- 2.5] and for alpha enhanced compositions [+ 0.5a], [0.0a], [- 0.5a], [- 1.0a], [- 1.5a], [- 2.0a], [- 2.5a], and [- 4.0a]. Methods. Indices for T-eff > 5000 K were computed with the same methods as described by Lester et al. (1986, LGK86) except for a different normalization of the computed natural system to the standard system. LGK86 used special ODFs to compute the fluxes. For T-eff <= 5000 K we computed the fluxes using the synthetic spectrum method. In order to assess the accuracy of the computed indices comparisons were made with the indices computed by Smalley & Dworetsky ( 1995, A&A, 293, 446, MD95) and with the empirical relations T-eff-H-beta given by Alonso et al. (1996, A&A, 313, 873) for several metallicities. Furthermore, for cool stars, temperatures inferred from the computed indices were compared with those of the fundamental stars listed by MD95. The same kind of comparison was made between gravities for B-type stars. Results. The temperatures from the computed indices are in good agreement, within the error limits, with the literature values for 4750 K <= T-eff <= 8000 K, while the gravities agree for T-eff > 9000 K. The computed H-beta indices for the Sun and for Procyon are very close to the observed values. The comparison between the observed and computed H-beta indices as function of the observed H-beta has shown a very small trend which almost completely disappears when only stars hotter than 10 000 K are considered. The trend due to the cool stars is probably related with the low accuracy of the fundamental T-eff which are a. ected by large errors for most of the stars. C1 Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Castelli, F (reprint author), Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, Via GB Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. EM castelli@oats.inaf.it; rkurucz@cfa.harvard.edu NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 454 IS 1 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20064999 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 059IK UT WOS:000238726300040 ER PT J AU Menten, KM Reid, MJ Krugel, E Claussen, MJ Sahai, R AF Menten, KM Reid, MJ Krugel, E Claussen, MJ Sahai, R TI Radio continuum monitoring of the extreme carbon star IRC+10216 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : carbon; stars : AGB and post-AGB; radio continuum : stars; techniques : interferometic ID PERIOD VARIABLE-STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; DUST SHELL; PHOTOSPHERES; EMISSION; CO AB We describe Very Large Array observations of the extreme carbon star IRC+10216 at 8.4, 14.9, and 22.5 GHz made over a two year period. We find possible variability correlated with the infrared phase and a cm- to sub-millimeter wavelength spectral index very close to 2. The variability, observed flux densities, and upper limit on the size are consistent with the emission arising from the stellar photosphere or a slightly larger radio photosphere. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Array Operat Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Menten, KM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; reid@cfa.harvard.edu; p309ekr@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; mclausse@nrao.edu; raghvendra.sahai@jpl.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 453 IS 1 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054463 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051US UT WOS:000238187700033 ER PT J AU Stauber, P Jorgensen, JK van Dishoeck, EF Doty, SD Benz, AO AF Stauber, P Jorgensen, JK van Dishoeck, EF Doty, SD Benz, AO TI Water destruction by X-rays in young stellar objects SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; ISM : molecules; X-rays : ISM; astrochemistry ID LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; GAS-PHASE H2O; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PHYSICAL STRUCTURE; IRAS 16293-2422; H2CO ABUNDANCE; HOT CORE; EMISSION AB Aims. We study the H2O chemistry in star-forming environments under the influence of a central X-ray source and a central far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation field. The X-ray models are applied to envelopes around low-mass Class 0 and I young stellar objects (YSOs). Methods. The gas-phase water chemistry is modeled as a function of time, hydrogen density and X-ray flux. To cover a wide range of physical environments, densities between nH = 10(4) - 10(9) cm(-3) and temperatures between T = 10-1000 K are studied. Results. Three different regimes are found: for T < 100K, the water abundance is of order 10(-7) - 10(-6) and can be somewhat enhanced or reduced due to X-rays, depending on time and density. For 100 K less than or similar to T similar to 250K, H2O is reduced from initial x(H2O) approximate to 10(-4) following ice evaporation to x(H2O) approximate to 10(-6) for F-X greater than or similar to 10(-3) erg s(-1) cm(-2) (t = 10(4) yr) and for F-X similar to 10(-4) erg s(-1) cm(-2) ( t = 10(5) yr). At higher temperatures ( T greater than or similar to 250 K) and hydrogen densities, water can persist with x(H2O) approximate to 10(-4) even for high X-ray fluxes. Water is destroyed in both Class 0 and I envelopes on relatively short timescales ( t approximate to 5000 yr) for realistic X-ray fluxes, although the effect is less prominent in Class 0 envelopes due to the higher X-ray absorbing densities there. FUV photons from the central source are not effective in destroying water. Conclusions. X-rays reduce the water abundances especially in regions where the gas temperature is T less than or similar to 250 - 300 K for fluxes FX greater than or similar to 10(-5) - 10(-4) erg s(-1) cm(-2). The affected regions can be envelopes, disks or outflow hot spots. The average water abundance in Class I sources for L-X greater than or similar to 10(27) erg s(-1) is predicted to be x(H2O) less than or similar to 10(-6). Central UV fields have a negligible influence, unless the photons can escape through cavities. C1 ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. RP Stauber, P (reprint author), ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM pascalst@astro.phys.ethz.ch RI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/L-7936-2014 OI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/0000-0001-9133-8047 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 453 IS 2 BP 555 EP 565 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054263 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053RL UT WOS:000238322500019 ER PT J AU Villata, M Raiteri, CM Balonek, TJ Aller, MF Jorstad, SG Kurtanidze, OM Nicastro, F Nilsson, K Aller, HD Arai, A Arkharov, A Bach, U Benitez, E Berdyugin, A Buemi, CS Bottcher, M Carosati, D Casas, R Caulet, A Chen, WP Chiang, PS Chou, Y Ciprini, S Coloma, JM Di Rico, G Diaz, C Efimova, NV Forsyth, C Frasca, A Fuhrmann, L Gadway, B Gupta, S Hagen-Thorn, VA Harvey, J Heidt, J Hernandez-Toledo, H Hroch, F Hu, CP Hudec, R Ibrahimov, MA Imada, A Kamata, M Kato, T Katsuura, M Konstantinova, T Kopatskaya, E Kotaka, D Kovalev, YY Kovalev, YA Krichbaum, TP Kubota, K Kurosaki, M Lanteri, L Larionov, VM Larionova, L Laurikainen, E Lee, CU Leto, P Lahteenmaki, A Lopez-Cruz, O Marilli, E Marscher, AP McHardy, IM Mondal, S Mullan, B Napoleone, N Nikolashvili, MG Ohlert, JM Postnikov, S Pursimo, T Ragni, M Ros, JA Sadakane, K Sadun, AC Savolainen, T Sergeeva, EA Sigua, LA Sillanpaa, A Sixtova, L Sumitomo, N Takalo, LO Terasranta, H Tornikoski, M Trigilio, C Umana, G Volvach, A Voss, B Wortel, S AF Villata, M. Raiteri, C. M. Balonek, T. J. Aller, M. F. Jorstad, S. G. Kurtanidze, O. M. Nicastro, F. Nilsson, K. Aller, H. D. Arai, A. Arkharov, A. Bach, U. Benitez, E. Berdyugin, A. Buemi, C. S. Boettcher, M. Carosati, D. Casas, R. Caulet, A. Chen, W. P. Chiang, P. -S. Chou, Y. Ciprini, S. Coloma, J. M. Di Rico, G. Diaz, C. Efimova, N. V. Forsyth, C. Frasca, A. Fuhrmann, L. Gadway, B. Gupta, S. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Harvey, J. Heidt, J. Hernandez-Toledo, H. Hroch, F. Hu, C. -P. Hudec, R. Ibrahimov, M. A. Imada, A. Kamata, M. Kato, T. Katsuura, M. Konstantinova, T. Kopatskaya, E. Kotaka, D. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, Yu. A. Krichbaum, T. P. Kubota, K. Kurosaki, M. Lanteri, L. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, L. Laurikainen, E. Lee, C. -U. Leto, P. Lahteenmaki, A. Lopez-Cruz, O. Marilli, E. Marscher, A. P. McHardy, I. M. Mondal, S. Mullan, B. Napoleone, N. Nikolashvili, M. G. Ohlert, J. M. Postnikov, S. Pursimo, T. Ragni, M. Ros, J. A. Sadakane, K. Sadun, A. C. Savolainen, T. Sergeeva, E. A. Sigua, L. A. Sillanpaa, A. Sixtova, L. Sumitomo, N. Takalo, L. O. Terasranta, H. Tornikoski, M. Trigilio, C. Umana, G. Volvach, A. Voss, B. Wortel, S. TI The unprecedented optical outburst of the quasar 3C 454.3 - The WEBT campaign of 2004-2005 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : quasars : general; galaxies : quasars : individual : 3C 454.3; galaxies : jets ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; MILLIMETER CONTINUUM MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT CURVES; BL-LACERTAE; 87 GHZ; VARIABILITY AB Context. The radio quasar 3C 454.3 underwent an exceptional optical outburst lasting more than 1 year and culminating in spring 2005. The maximum brightness detected was R = 12.0, which represents the most luminous quasar state thus far observed (M(B) similar to -31.4). Aims. In order to follow the emission behaviour of the source in detail, a large multiwavelength campaign was organized by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT). Methods. Continuous optical, near-IR and radio monitoring was performed in several bands. ToO pointings by the Chandra and INTEGRAL satellites provided additional information at high energies in May 2005. Results. The historical radio and optical light curves show different behaviours. Until about 2001.0 only moderate variability was present in the optical regime, while prominent and long-lasting radio outbursts were visible at the various radio frequencies, with higher-frequency variations preceding the lower-frequency ones. After that date, the optical activity increased and the radio flux is less variable. This suggests that the optical and radio emissions come from two separate and misaligned jet regions, with the inner optical one acquiring a smaller viewing angle during the 2004-2005 outburst. Moreover, the colour-index behaviour (generally redder-when-brighter) during the outburst suggests the presence of a luminous accretion disc. A huge mm outburst followed the optical one, peaking in June-July 2005. The high-frequency (37-43 GHz) radio flux started to increase in early 2005 and reached a maximum at the end of our observing period (end of September 2005). VLBA observations at 43 GHz during the summer confirm the brightening of the radio core and show an increasing polarization. An exceptionally bright X-ray state was detected in May 2005, corresponding to the rising mm flux and suggesting an inverse-Compton nature of the hard X-ray spectrum. Conclusions. A further multifrequency monitoring effort is needed to follow the next phases of this unprecedented event. C1 Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. Colgate Univ, Foggy Bottom Observ, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Inst Astrophys, Potsdam, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy. Osaka Kyoiku Univ, Inst Astron, Osaka, Japan. Russian Acad Sci, Main Pulkovo Astron Observ, Moscow 117901, Russia. Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli, Taiwan. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Osservatorio Astron, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Astrophys, Madrid, Spain. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Astron, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. Isaac Newton Inst Chile, St Petersburg Branch, St Petersburg, Russia. Masaryk Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, CS-60177 Brno, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, Prague, Czech Republic. Uzbek Acad Sci, Ulugh Beg Astron Inst, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Kyoto, Japan. Univ Oulu, Div Astron, Oulu, Finland. Helsinki Univ Technol, Metsahovi Radio Observ, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Kiel, Germany. RP Villata, M (reprint author), Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. EM villata@to.astro.it RI Chou, Yi/C-4922-2008; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Efimova, Natalia/I-2196-2013; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Kovalev, Yuri/N-1053-2015; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/H-3983-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; OI Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Savolainen, Tuomas/0000-0001-6214-1085; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Chou, Yi/0000-0002-8584-2092; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Efimova, Natalia/0000-0002-8071-4753; Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/0000-0002-6431-8590; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; Larionova, Liudmila/0000-0002-0274-1481 NR 18 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 453 IS 3 BP 817 EP 822 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20064817 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 056NW UT WOS:000238532200010 ER PT J AU Holder, J Atkins, RW Badran, HM Blaylock, G Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Byrum, KL Carter-Lewis, DA Celik, O Chow, YCK Cogan, P Cui, W Daniel, MK Perez, ID Dowdall, C Dowkontt, P Duke, C Falcone, AD Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, LF Gibbs, K Gillanders, G Glidewell, OJ Grube, J Gutierrez, KJ Gyuk, G Hall, J Hanna, D Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, SB Humensky, TB Imran, A Jung, I Kaaret, P Kenny, GE Kieda, D Kildea, J Knapp, J Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Linton, E Little, EK Maier, G Manseri, H Milovanovic, A Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Ogden, PA Ong, RA Petry, D Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reynolds, PT Roache, ET Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Sleege, G Steele, D Swordy, SP Syson, A Toner, JA Valcarcel, L Vassiliev, VV Wakely, SP Weekes, TC White, RJ Williams, DA Wagner, R AF Holder, J. Atkins, R. W. Badran, H. M. Blaylock, G. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Byrum, K. L. Carter-Lewis, D. A. Celik, O. Chow, Y. C. K. Cogan, P. Cui, W. Daniel, M. K. Perez, I. de la Calle Dowdall, C. Dowkontt, P. Duke, C. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. F. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. Glidewell, O. J. Grube, J. Gutierrez, K. J. Gyuk, G. Hall, J. Hanna, D. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, S. B. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Jung, I. Kaaret, P. Kenny, G. E. Kieda, D. Kildea, J. Knapp, J. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Linton, E. Little, E. K. Maier, G. Manseri, H. Milovanovic, A. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Ogden, P. A. Ong, R. A. Petry, D. Perkins, J. S. Pizlo, F. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. T. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Sleege, G. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Syson, A. Toner, J. A. Valcarcel, L. Vassiliev, V. V. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wagner, R. TI The first VERITAS telescope SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma ray astronomy; Cherenkov telescopes ID TEV GAMMA-RAYS; ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TELESCOPE; CRAB-NEBULA; IMAGING TECHNIQUE; SYSTEM; SPECTRUM; PROJECT AB The first atmospheric Cherenkov telescope of VERITAS (the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) has been in operation since February 2005. We present here a technical description of the instrument and a summary of its performance. The calibration methods are described, along with the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the telescope and comparisons between real and simulated data. The analysis of TeV gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, including the reconstructed energy spectrum, is shown to give results consistent with earlier measurements. The telescope is operating as expected and has met or exceeded all design specifications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Tanta Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tanta 31527, Egypt. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Van Allen Hall, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Galway, Ireland. Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Holder, J (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM jh@ast.leeds.ac.uk RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Hall, Jeter/E-9294-2015; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 31 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.04.002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 063BQ UT WOS:000238991300006 ER PT J AU Hickox, RC Markevitch, M AF Hickox, Ryan C. Markevitch, Maxim TI Absolute measurement of the unresolved cosmic X-ray background in the 0.5-8 kev band with Chandra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; methods : data analysis; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies ID DEEP-FIELD-NORTH; HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; XMM-NEWTON; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; SENSITIVITY SURVEY; GALAXY CLUSTERS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SOURCE CATALOGS; SOURCE COUNTS AB We present the absolute measurement of the unresolved 0.5-8 keV cosmic X-ray background ( CXB) in the Chandra Deep Fields ( CDFs) North and South, the longest observations with Chandra ( 2 and 1 Ms, respectively). We measure the unresolved CXB intensity by extracting spectra of the sky and removing all point and extended sources detected in the CDF. To model and subtract the instrumental background, we use observations obtained with ACIS in stowed position, not exposed to the sky. The unresolved signal in the 0.5-1 keV band is dominated by diffuse Galactic and local thermal-like emission. We find unresolved intensites in the 0.5-1 keV band of ( 4: 1 +/- 0: 3) x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) for CDF-N and ( 5.0 +/- 0: 4) x 10(-12) for CDF-S. In the 1-8 keV band, the unresolved spectrum is adequately described by a power law with a photon index Gamma = 1.5(-0.4)(+0.5) and normalization 2.6 +/- 0.3 photons s(-1) keV(-1) sr(-1) at 1 keV. We find unresolved CXB intensities of ( 1.04 +/- 0.14) x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) for the 1-2 keV band and ( 3.4 +/- 1.7) x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) for the 2-8 keV band. Our detected unresolved intensities in these bands significantly exceed the expected flux from sources below the CDF detection limits, if one extrapolates the log N/log S curve to zero flux. Thus, these background intensities imply either a genuine diffuse component or a steepening of the log N/log S curve at low fluxes, most significantly for energies < 2 keV. Adding the unresolved intensity to the total contribution from sources detected in these fields and wider field surveys, we obtain a total intensity of the extragalactic CXB of ( 4.6 x 0.3) x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) for 1-2 keV and ( 1.7 x 0.2) x 10(-11) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) for 2-8 keV. These totals correspond to a CXB power-law normalization ( for Gamma = 1.4) of 10.9 photons cm(-2) s(-1) keV(-1) sr(-1) at 1 keV. This corresponds to resolved fractions of 77% +/- 3% and 80% +/- 8% for 1-2 and 2-8 keV, respectively. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Hickox, RC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 64 TC 196 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1086/504070 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900007 ER PT J AU Williams, RJ Mathur, S Nicastro, F AF Williams, Rik J. Mathur, Smita Nicastro, Fabrizio TI Chandra detection of local warm-hot gas toward Markarian 279 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY FOREST; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; ALPHA ABSORPTION; MISSING BARYONS; GALAXY; UNIVERSE; VICINITY; REGION AB We report the Chandra detection of O VIIi K alpha absorption at z = 0 in the direction of the z 0.03 Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 279. The high-velocity cloud Complex C lies along this line of sight, with H I 21 cm emission and O VI lambda 1032 absorption both observed at velocities of roughly - 150kms(-1) relative to the local standard of rest. We present an improved method for placing limits on the Doppler parameter and column density of a medium when only one unresolved line can be measured; this method is applied to the O VII absorption seen here, indicating that the O VII Doppler parameter is inconsistent with that of any low-velocity ( Galactic thick disk) or high-velocity O VI [( O VI)(HV)] component. Direct association of the O VII with the ( O VI)(HV) is further ruled out by the high temperatures required to produce the observed ( O VI)(HV)/O VII ratio and the significant velocity difference between the O VII and ( O VI)(HV) lines. If the O VII absorption is associated with a very broad, undetected O VI component, then the absorption must be broadened by primarily nonthermal processes. The large velocity dispersion and possible slight redshift of the O VII absorption ( as well as limits on the absorber's temperature and density) may be indicative of a local intergalactic medium origin, although absorption from a hot, low-density Galactic corona cannot be ruled out. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nacl Astrofis, I-00136 Rome, Italy. RP Williams, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1086/504071 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900013 ER PT J AU Fesen, RA Hammell, MC Morse, J Chevalier, RA Borkowski, KJ Dopita, MA Gerardy, CL Lawrence, SS Raymond, JC van den Bergh, S AF Fesen, Robert A. Hammell, Molly C. Morse, Jon Chevalier, Roger A. Borkowski, Kazimierz J. Dopita, Michael A. Gerardy, Christopher L. Lawrence, Stephen S. Raymond, John C. van den Bergh, Sidney TI The expansion asymmetry and age of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; supernova remnants ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; X-RAY; NEUTRON-STAR; PULSAR KICKS; PROPER MOTIONS; POINT-SOURCE; SHOCK-WAVES; RICH EJECTA; EXPLOSIONS AB HST images of the young supernova remnant Cas A are used to explore the expansion and spatial distribution of its highest velocity debris. ACS WFC images taken in 2004 March and December with Sloan F625W, F775W, and F850LP filters were used to identify 1825 high-velocity, outlying ejecta knots through measured proper motions of 0."35 - 0."90 yr(-1), corresponding to V-trans = 5500-14,500 km s(-1) assuming d = 3.4 kpc. The distribution of derived transverse expansion velocities for these ejecta knots shows a striking bipolar asymmetry with the highest velocity knots (V-trans >= 10,500 km s(-1)) confined to nearly opposing northeast and southwest "jets'' at P.A. = 45 degrees-70 degrees and 230 degrees-270 degrees, respectively. The jets have about the same maximum expansion velocity of similar or equal to 14,000 km s(-1) and appear kinematically and chemically distinct in that they are the remnant's only S-rich ejecta with expansion velocities above the 10,000-11,000 km s(-1) exhibited by outer nitrogen-rich ejecta, which otherwise represent the remnant's highest velocity debris. In addition, we find significant gaps in the spatial distribution of outlying ejecta in directions that are approximately perpendicular to the jets (P.A. = 145 degrees-200 degrees and 335 degrees-350 degrees). The remnant's central X-ray point source lies some 700 to the southeast of the estimated expansion center ( P.A. = 169 degrees +/- 8.degrees 4) indicating a projected motion toward the middle of the broad southern ejecta knot gap. Extrapolations of measured 9 month proper motions for all 1825 outer ejecta knots and a selected subsample of 72 bright and compact knots suggest explosion dates (assuming no knot deceleration) of 1662 +/- 27 and 1672 +/- 18, respectively. We find some evidence for nonuniform deceleration in different directions around the remnant and find 126 knots located along the northwestern limb among the least decelerated ejecta, suggesting a convergence date of 1681 +/- 19. A remnant age of around 325 yr would imply a +/- 350 km s(-1) transverse velocity for the central X-ray point source. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Hofstra Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Dominion Astrophys Observ, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, NRC Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Fesen, RA (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 6127 Wilder Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014 OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986 NR 112 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1086/504254 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900023 ER PT J AU Hachisuka, K Brunthaler, A Menten, KM Reid, MJ Imai, H Hagiwara, Y Miyoshi, M Horiuchi, S Sasao, T AF Hachisuka, K. Brunthaler, A. Menten, K. M. Reid, M. J. Imai, H. Hagiwara, Y. Miyoshi, M. Horiuchi, S. Sasao, T. TI Water maser motions in W3(OH) and a determination of its distance SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; masers; stars : distances; stars : formation; stars : individual (W3(OH)); stellar dynamics ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; BASE-LINE ARRAY; PULSAR PARALLAXES; METHANOL MASERS; VLBI ASTROMETRY; PROPER MOTIONS; MILKY-WAY; STAR; OBJECT; KINEMATICS AB We report phase-referencing VLBA observations of H2O masers near the star-forming region W39(OH) to measure their parallax and absolute proper motions. The measured annual parallax is 0: 489 +/- 0: 017 mas (2: 04 +/- 0: 07 kpc), where the error is dominated by a systematic atmospheric contribution. This distance is consistent with photometric distances from previous observations and with the distance determined from CH3OH maser astrometry presented in a related paper. We also find that the source driving the H2O outflow, the "TW-object," moves with a three-dimensional velocity of > 7 km s(-1) relative to the ultracompact H (II) region W39(OH). C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Valencia, Dept Astron, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Kagoshima Univ, Dept Phys, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. ASTRON, Westerbork Observ, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Ajou Univ, Dept Space Survey & Informat Technol, Suwon 442749, South Korea. RP Hachisuka, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. NR 32 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1086/502962 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900028 ER PT J AU Bergin, EA Maret, S van der Tak, FFS Alves, J Carmody, SM Lada, CJ AF Bergin, Edwin A. Maret, Sebastien van der Tak, Floris F. S. Alves, Joao Carmody, Sean M. Lada, Charles J. TI The thermal structure of gas in prestellar cores: A case study of Barnard 68 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM : individual (Barnard 68); ISM : lines and bands; ISM : molecules ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; DARK CLOUD; MAPPING OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR DEPLETION; PROTOSTELLAR CORES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; IONIZATION RATE; LINE-PROFILES; WATER ICE AB We present a direct comparison of a chemical/physical model to multitransitional observations of (CO)-O-18 and (CO)-C-13 toward the Barnard 68 prestellar core. These observations provide a sensitive test for models of low UV field photo-dissociation regions and offer the best constraint on the gas temperature of a prestellar core. We find that the gas temperature of this object is surprisingly low (similar to 7-8 K), and significantly below the dust temperature, in the outer layers (A(V) < 5 mag) that are traced by (CO)-O-18 and (CO)-C-13 emission. As shown previously, the inner layers (A(V) > 5 mag) exhibit significant freezeout of CO onto grain surfaces. Because the dust and gas are not fully coupled, depletion of key coolants in the densest layers raises the core (gas) temperature, but only by similar to 1 K. The gas temperature in layers not traced by (CO)-O-18 and (CO)-C-13 emission can be probed by NH3 emission, with a previously estimated temperature of similar to 10-11 K. To reach these temperatures in the inner core requires an order of magnitude reduction in the gas to dust coupling rate. This potentially argues for a lack of small grains in the densest gas, presumably due to grain coagulation. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bergin, EA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 825 Dennison Bldg,500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ebergin@umich.edu OI Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921; Maret, Sebastien/0000-0003-1104-4554 NR 61 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1086/504310 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900031 ER PT J AU Foley, RJ Perley, DA Pooley, D Prochaska, JX Bloom, JS Li, W Cobb, B Chen, HW Aldering, G Bailyn, C Blake, CH Falco, EE Green, PJ Kowalski, MP Perlmutter, S Roth, K Volk, K AF Foley, R. J. Perley, D. A. Pooley, D. Prochaska, J. X. Bloom, J. S. Li, W. Cobb, B. Chen, H. -W. Aldering, G. Bailyn, C. Blake, C. H. Falco, E. E. Green, P. J. Kowalski, M. P. Perlmutter, S. Roth, K. Volk, K. TI GRB 050408: A bright gamma-ray burst probing an atypical galactic environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; galaxies : photometry; gamma rays : bursts; stars : formation ID LY-ALPHA SYSTEMS; MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; MGII ABSORBERS; TELESCOPE; STAR; AFTERGLOW; GALAXIES; DENSITY; SPECTROMETER AB The bright GRB 050408 was localized by HETE-2 near local midnight in the Western Hemisphere, enabling an impressive ground-based follow-up effort, as well as space-based follow-up from Swift. The Swift data from the XRT and our own optical photometry and spectrum of the afterglow provide the cornerstone for our analysis. Under the traditional assumption that the visible wave band was above the peak synchrotron frequency and below the cooling frequency, the optical photometry of 0.03-5.03 days shows an afterglow decay corresponding to an electron energy index of plc 2: 05 +/- 0: 04, without a jet break as suggested by others. A break is seen in the X-ray data at early times (at similar to 12,600 s after the GRB). The spectral slope of the optical spectrum is consistent with p(lc) assuming a host galaxy extinction of A(V) 1: 18 mag. The optical-NIR broadband spectrum is also consistent with p = 2.05 but prefers A(V) 0: 57 mag. The X-ray afterglow shows a break at 1.26 x 10(4) s, which may be the result of a refreshed shock. This burst stands out in that the optical and X-ray data suggest a large H (I) column density of N-H (I) approximate to 10(22) cm(-2); it is very likely a damped Ly alpha system, so the faintness of the host galaxy (M-V > -18 mag) is noteworthy. Moreover, we detect extraordinarily strong Ti (II) absorption lines with a column density through the GRB host that exceeds the largest values observed for the Milky Way by 1 order of magnitude. Furthermore, the Ti (II) equivalent width is in the top 1% of Mg (II) absorption-selected QSOs. This suggests that the large-scale environment of GRB 050408 has significantly lower Ti depletion than our Galaxy and a large velocity width (delta(upsilon) > 150 km s(-1)). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Foley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rfoley@astro.berkeley.edu; dperley@astro.berkeley.edu; dave@astro.berkeley.edu; xavier@ucolick.org; jbloom@astro.berkeley.edu; weidong@astro.berkeley.edu; cobb@astro.yale.edu; hchen@oddjob.uchicago.edu; galdering@lbl.gov; bailyn@astro.yale.edu; cblake@cfa.harvard.edu; falco@cfa.harvard.edu; pgreen@head.cfa.harvard.edu; mpkowalski@lbl.gov; saul@lbl.gov; kroth@gemini.edu; kvolk@gemini.edu RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 450 EP 463 DI 10.1086/504313 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900037 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Drake, JJ Chung, S Brickhouse, NS Aggarwal, KM Msezane, AZ Ryans, RSI Bloomfield, DS AF Keenan, F. P. Drake, J. J. Chung, S. Brickhouse, N. S. Aggarwal, K. M. Msezane, A. Z. Ryans, R. S. I. Bloomfield, D. S. TI Soft X-ray emission lines of Fe xv in solar flare observations and the Chandra spectrum of capella SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; stars : individual (Capella); stars : late-type; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID MG-LIKE IONS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; EXTENDED ANALYSIS; ATOMIC DATABASE; OPTICALLY THIN; TRANSITIONS; ANGSTROM; PROGRAM; DIAGNOSTICS AB Recent calculations of atomic data for Fe xv have been used to generate theoretical line ratios involving n = 3 4 transitions in the soft X-ray spectral region (similar to 52 - 83 angstrom), for a wide range of electron temperatures and densities applicable to solar and stellar coronal plasmas. A comparison of these with solar flare observations from a rocket-borne spectrograph (X-Ray Spectrometer/Spectrograph Telescope [XSST]) reveals generally good agreement between theory and experiment. In particular, the 82.76 angstrom emission line in the XSST spectrum is identified, for the first time to our knowledge in an astrophysical source, as the 3s 3d D-3(3)-3s 4p P-3(2) transition of Fe xv. Most of the Fe xv transitions that are blended have had the species responsible clearly identified, although there remain a few instances in which this has not been possible. The line ratio calculations are also compared with a co-added spectrum of Capella obtained with the Chandra satellite, which is probably the highest signal-to-noise ratio observation achieved for a stellar source in the similar to 25-175 angstrom soft X-ray region. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment, indicating that the Fe xv lines are reliably detected in Chandra spectra and hence may be employed as diagnostics to determine the temperature and/or density of the emitting plasma. However, the line blending in the Chandra data is such that individual emission lines are difficult to measure accurately, and fluxes may only be reliably determined via detailed profile fitting of the observations. The co-added Capella spectrum is made available to hopefully encourage further exploration of the soft X-ray region in astronomical sources. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Theoret Studies Phys Syst, Atlanta, GA 30304 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Bloomfield, Shaun/G-5809-2011; OI Bloomfield, Shaun/0000-0002-4183-9895; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1086/502639 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900049 ER PT J AU Uzzo, M Strachan, L Vourlidas, A Ko, YK Raymond, JC AF Uzzo, M. Strachan, L. Vourlidas, A. Ko, Y. -K. Raymond, J. C. TI Physical properties of a 2003 April quiescent streamer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : UV radiation ID SLOW SOLAR-WIND; ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; OUTFLOW VELOCITIES; SOURCE REGIONS; SOHO; MINIMUM; LINES; UVCS/SOHO; ABUNDANCE AB In 2003 April, the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) observed a quiescent streamer in an effort to derive the physical plasma parameters across the streamer and as a function of height ( from 1.75 to 5.0 R-circle dot). Values for the electron temperature, proton and O5+ kinetic temperatures, elemental abundances, and O5+ outflow velocity were derived. The presence of the first ionization potential (FIP) effect was also explored. These plasma parameters were compared to those derived for other previously reported active region and quiescent streamers. The photospheric normalized absolute elemental abundances for O, Si, S, Ar, and Fe were derived at 1.75 R-circle dot. The remaining parameters were derived at five heights up to 5.0 R-circle dot. To calculate the electron density above 2.2 R-circle dot the polarized brightness data from another SOHO instrument, the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 detector, was employed. The streamer was located above a complex filament structure and had a slightly higher electron temperature compared to what is typically found for quiescent streamers. This streamer did exhibit the customary FIP effect, but no abundance-depleted core typically found for such stable quiescent streamers was detected. The perpendicular kinetic temperature for the protons and the O5+ ions did not vary across the streamer. This differs from two other quiescent streamer comparison cases, in which the O5+ kinetic temperature did decrease at the core structure. The O5+ outflow velocities were similar to those observed in an equatorial streamer from solar minimum. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Uzzo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 720 EP 731 DI 10.1086/504286 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900060 ER PT J AU Millan-Gabet, R Monnier, JD Berger, JP Traub, WA Schloerb, FP Pedretti, E Benisty, M Carleton, NP Haguenauer, P Kern, P Labeye, P Lacasse, MG Malbet, F Perraut, K Pearlman, M Thureau, N AF Millan-Gabet, R. Monnier, J. D. Berger, J. -P. Traub, W. A. Schloerb, F. P. Pedretti, E. Benisty, M. Carleton, N. P. Haguenauer, P. Kern, P. Labeye, P. Lacasse, M. G. Malbet, F. Perraut, K. Pearlman, M. Thureau, N. TI Bright localized near-infrared emission at 1-4 AU in the AB Aurigae disk revealed by IOTA closure phases SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; instrumentation : interferometers; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : individual (AB Aurigae); techniques : high angular resolution ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; CIRCUMSTELLAR STRUCTURE; INTERFEROMETER; ACCRETION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We report on the detection of localized off-center emission at 1-4 AU in the circumstellar environment of the young stellar object AB Aurigae. We used closure-phase measurements in the near-infrared that were made at the long-baseline interferometer IOTA, the first obtained on a young stellar object using this technique. When probing sub-AU scales, all closure phases are close to zero degrees, as expected given the previously determined size of the AB Aurigae inner-dust disk. However, a clear closure-phase signal of -3 .degrees 5 +/- 0.degrees 5 is detected on one triangle containing relatively short baselines, requiring a high degree of non-point symmetry from emission at larger (AU-sized) scales in the disk. We have not identified any alternative explanation for these closure-phase results, and we demonstrate that a "disk hot spot" model can fit our data. We speculate that such detected asymmetric near-infrared emission might arise as a result of localized viscous heating due to a gravitational instability in the AB Aurigae disk, or to the presence of a close stellar companion or accreting substellar object. C1 CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CEA, Lab Elect Technol Informat, F-30054 Grenoble, France. RP Millan-Gabet, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rafael@ipac.caltech.edu NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP L77 EP L80 DI 10.1086/506153 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WS UT WOS:000238833100020 ER PT J AU Modjaz, M Stanek, KZ Garnavich, PM Berlind, P Blondin, S Brown, W Calkins, M Challis, P Diamond-Stanic, AM Hao, H Hicken, M Kirshner, RP Prieto, JL AF Modjaz, M. Stanek, K. Z. Garnavich, P. M. Berlind, P. Blondin, S. Brown, W. Calkins, M. Challis, P. Diamond-Stanic, A. M. Hao, H. Hicken, M. Kirshner, R. P. Prieto, J. L. TI Early-time photometry and spectroscopy of the fast evolving SN 2006aj associated with GRB 060218 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; gamma rays : bursts; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2006aj) ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 25 APRIL 1998; SUPERNOVA 2003DH; HOST GALAXIES; HYPERNOVA; AFTERGLOW; GRB-030329; SPECTROGRAPH; ABUNDANCES; TELESCOPE AB We present early photometric and spectroscopic data on the afterglow of GRB 060218 and report the evolution of the underlying supernova SN 2006aj. Our data span a time range of 4-23 days after the GRB and clearly establish that SN 2006aj is a fast-evolving broad-lined Type Ic SN with an extremely short rise time (similar to 10 days) and a large optical peak luminosity (M-V = -18.7 mag). The supernova properties are deduced well since the gamma-ray burst V (GRB) afterglow does not contribute a significant amount to the total light output. The spectra show broad lines indicative of large expansion velocities but are better matched by those of SN 2002ap and SN 1997ef ( not associated with a GRB) than those of the prototypical GRB-related SN 1998bw. We refine the redshift estimate to z = 0.03351 +/- 0.00007. The host galaxy is a low-metallicity dwarf galaxy (with M-V,M-host = -16.0 mag), similar to host galaxies of other GRB- associated SNe. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Modjaz, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmodjaz@cfa.harvard.edu; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; pgarnavi@nd.edu; sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu; wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu; pchallis@cfa.harvard.edu; hhao@cfa.harvard.edu; mhicken@cfa.harvard.edu; kirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; prieto@astronomy.ohio-state.edu NR 53 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/505906 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WS UT WOS:000238833100006 ER PT J AU Wood-Vasey, WM Sokoloski, JL AF Wood-Vasey, W. M. Sokoloski, J. L. TI Novae as a mechanism for producing cavities around the progenitors of SN 2002ic and other Type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : winds, outflows; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2002ic) ID ACCRETING WHITE-DWARFS; MASS-LOSS; RECURRENT NOVAE; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPLOSION; OUTBURSTS; EMISSION; HISTORY; CHANNEL; MODELS AB We propose that a nova shell ejected from a recurrent nova progenitor system created the evacuated region around the explosion center of SN 2002ic. In this picture, periodic shell ejections due to nova explosions on a white dwarf sweep up the slow wind from the binary companion, creating density variations and instabilities that lead to structure in the circumstellar medium (CSM). Our model naturally explains the observed gap between the supernova explosion center and the CSM in SN 2002ic, accounts for the density variations observed in the CSM, and resolves the coincidence problem of the timing of the explosion of SN 2002ic with respect to the apparent cessation of mass loss in the progenitor system. We also consider such nova outburst sweeping as a generic feature of Type Ia supernovae with recurrent nova progenitors. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wood-Vasey, WM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wmwood-vasy@cfa.harvard.edu NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/506179 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WS UT WOS:000238833100014 ER PT J AU Estes, RD Atwood, JL Estes, AB AF Estes, RD Atwood, JL Estes, AB TI Downward trends in Ngorongoro Crater ungulate populations 1986-2005: Conservation concerns and the need for ecological research SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Tanzania; Ngorongoro; Serengeti; ungulates; wildebeest; buffalo; zebra; gazelles; population ecology; conservation ID WILDEBEEST; SERENGETI; TANZANIA; ECOSYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; AREA AB The concentration of over 25,000 ungulates inside Ngorongoro Crater on a 250 km(2) patch of the African plains was a major reason for designating the Ngorongoro Conservation Area as a World Heritage Site in 1979. As one of East Africa's premier tourist attractions, it is also a major source of foreign exchange for Tanzania. This paper reports the decline of populations of wildebeest, Thomson's and Grant's gazelles since the mid-1980s and the rise to dominance of the buffalo, the results of research carried out from 1996 to 2000 on the Crater ungulates, and discusses natural and anthropogenic factors that may be linked to the population changes. Samples comparing young:adult female ratios in Ngorongoro and Serengeti populations indicated higher survival rates of Crater wildebeest and zebra young, and lower survival rates of Thomson's gazelle. The possibility that predation by lions and spotted hyenas was responsible for reductions in the ungulate populations is belied by corresponding declines in the number of predators. Further research in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area is urgently needed to increase understanding of this complex ecosystem and promote effective stewardship, not only of Ngorongoro Crater but of the Serengeti ecosystem, of which the NCA is an integral part, comprising an International Biosphere Reserve. Our recommendations include establishment of a scientific advisory board and a research center that would attract and accommodate Tanzanian and foreign scientists. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Zoo, Conservat & Res Ctr, Smithsonian Inst, Peterborough, NH 03458 USA. Antioch New England Grad Sch, Dept Environm Studies, Keene, NH 03431 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Estes, RD (reprint author), Natl Zoo, Conservat & Res Ctr, Smithsonian Inst, 5 Granite St, Peterborough, NH 03458 USA. EM richarddestes@earthlink.net NR 54 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 106 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.009 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YF UT WOS:000238699800010 ER PT J AU Wright, SJ Muller-Landau, HC AF Wright, SJ Muller-Landau, HC TI The uncertain future of tropical forest species SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE biodiversity loss; deforestation rates; population projections; secondary forests; species extinction ID COUNTRYSIDE BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIODIVERSITY; RECOVERY; COMMUNITIES; EXTINCTION AB IT IS WIDELY ANTICIPATED THAT HABITAT LOSS will cause a mass extinction of tropical forest species. To evaluate this possibility, Wright & Muller-Landau (2006, henceforth WML) project future net tropical forest loss from United Nations projections of human population growth and present day relationships between human population density and the percentage of original forest cover remaining for 45 countries that support 89.6 percent of extant, humid tropical forest. Absolute rates of deforestation (area/yr) are predicted to decline in this analysis, and urbanization is predicted to accelerate the decline to the extent that rural populations control forest cover change. These projections suggest that large areas of tropical forest cover will remain in 2030 and beyond, and thus that habitat loss will threaten extinction for a smaller proportion of tropical forest species than previously predicted. Brook et al. (2006, henceforth BBKS) object. BBKS repeat caveats presented by WML and raise additional objections. Here, we show why we believe most of these new objections are unfounded. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM wrightj@si.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 23 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 443 EP 445 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00177.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050DB UT WOS:000238066600001 ER PT J AU Goodbody, I Cole, L AF Goodbody, Ivan Cole, Linda TI The tropical western Atlantic Perophoridae (Ascidiacea) - II. The genus Ecteinascidia SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TURBINATA; FAUNA AB Four species of Ecteinascidia occur in the tropical western Atlantic. The characteristics of each species are described and their distribution reviewed. Many characteristics are related to zooid size, although others are independent of size. Three species are common and widespread but the fourth, Ecteinascidia conklini Berrill, 1932, is rare and until recently there have been few records of its distribution. Ecteinascidia minuta (Berrill, 1932) is closely related to Ecteinascidia herdmani Medioni, 1969 from the Mediterranean and further research may show that the two are synonymous. C1 Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Goodbody, I (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM ivan.goodbody@uwimona.edu.jm NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1 BP 49 EP 69 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073VJ UT WOS:000239770400003 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI Revision of the New World lygaeoid genus Epipolops (Heteroptera : Geocoridae : Pamphantinae : Epipolopini), with descriptions of five new species SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Five new species of the Neotropical geocorid genus Epipolops are recognized, raising to 14 the number of known species. The new species E. angelae sp. nov., E. kathiynae sp. nov., E. scudderi sp. nov., E. slateri sp. nov., and E. thomasi sp. nov. are described, the identity of E. mucronatus Distant is clarified, and the nine previously known species are diagnosed and redescribed. Photographs, scanning electron photomicrographs, outline illustrations of all pronota and hemelytra, and an identification key are provided to help distinguish species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 138 IS 4 BP 504 EP 530 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 089QG UT WOS:000240895000007 ER PT J AU Langin, KM Norris, DR Kyser, TK Marra, PP Ratcliffe, LM AF Langin, K. M. Norris, D. R. Kyser, T. K. Marra, P. P. Ratcliffe, L. M. TI Capital versus income breeding in a migratory passerine bird: evidence from stable-carbon isotopes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID GREATER SNOW GEESE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; REPRODUCTION; BLOOD; EGGS; DELTA-C-13; NUTRIENTS; TURNOVER; PATTERNS; BREEDERS AB Birds meet the energetic demands of egg formation by using either endogenous reserves (capital breeding) or recently ingested nutrients (income breeding). Examining these strategies in migratory birds has been difficult because of the inability to assign the origin of egg nutrients. We used stable-carbon isotopes (delta(13)C values) to determine whether American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla (L., 1758)) form eggs using endogenous reserves acquired on tropical wintering areas or local dietary sources. Redstart diet tends to be enriched in (13)C on tropical wintering areas; therefore, we predicted that if endogenous reserves are used to form eggs, then (13)C would be enriched in first clutches relative to replacement clutches. We analyzed yolk (delta(13)C(YK)) samples from successive first, second, and third clutches and blood plasma (delta(13)C(PL)) sampled from females over the same time period. Values of delta(13)C(YK) in first-clutch and second-clutch eggs were significantly more positive than those in third-clutch eggs. Although the isotopic shift in yolk was in the direction predicted for a mixed capital-income strategy, delta(13)C(PL), which represents the locally derived diet, varied seasonally in accordance with the shift in delta(13)C(YK). Our findings indicate female Redstarts are primarily income breeders, forming eggs from an isotopically variable diet during the breeding season. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Langin, KM (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM langink@biology.queensu.ca RI Norris, Ryan/F-4720-2011 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 7 BP 947 EP 953 DI 10.1139/Z06-080 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 078CQ UT WOS:000240079200004 ER PT J AU Meggers, BJ Solis, RS AF Meggers, Betty J. Solis, Ruth Shady TI The city of the sacred fire SO CHUNGARA-REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA CHILENA LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Meggers, BJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Meggers.Betty@NMNH.SI.EDU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIVERSIDAD TARAPACA PI ARICA PA CASILLA 6-D, ARICA, 1775, CHILE SN 0716-1182 J9 CHUNGARA JI Chungara PD JUL-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 273 EP 274 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 112UL UT WOS:000242552800010 ER PT J AU Lyashchenko, KP Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Olsen, JH Ball, R Dumonceaux, G Dunker, F Buckley, C Richard, M Murray, S Payeur, JB Andersen, P Pollock, JM Mikota, S Miller, M Sofranko, D Waters, WR AF Lyashchenko, Konstantin P. Greenwald, Rena Esfandiari, Javan Olsen, John H. Ball, Ray Dumonceaux, Genevieve Dunker, Freeland Buckley, Carol Richard, Michael Murray, Suzan Payeur, Janet B. Andersen, Peter Pollock, John M. Mikota, Susan Miller, Michele Sofranko, Denise Waters, W. Ray TI Tuberculosis in elephants: Antibody responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potential for early diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CAPTIVE ASIAN ELEPHANTS; SERUM ANTIBODIES; POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS; INFECTION; RECOGNITION; ZOO; TRANSMISSION; PATHOLOGY AB Tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current diagnosis relies on trunk wash culture, the only officially recognized test, which has serious limitations. Innovative and efficient diagnostic methods are urgently needed. Rapid identification of infected animals is a crucial prerequisite for more effective control of TB, as early diagnosis allows timely initiation of chemotherapy. Serology has diagnostic potential, although key antigens have not been identified and optimal immunoassay formats are not established. To characterize the humoral responses in elephant TB, we tested 143 serum samples collected from 15 elephants over time. These included 48 samples from five culture-confirmed TB cases, of which four were in Asian elephants infected with M. tuberculosis and one was in an African elephant with Mycobacterium bovis. Multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) employing a panel of 12 defined antigens was used to identify serologic correlates of active disease. ESAT-6 was the immunodominant antigen recognized in elephant TB. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to ESAT-6 and other proteins were detected up to 3.5 years prior to culture of M. tuberculosis from trunk washes. Antibody levels to certain antigens gradually decreased in response to antitubercular therapy, suggesting the possibility of treatment monitoring. In addition to MAPIA,, serum samples were evaluated with a recently developed rapid test (RT) based on lateral How technology (ElephantTB STAT-PAK). Similarly to MAPIA, infected elephants were identified using the RT up to 4 years prior to positive culture. These findings demonstrate the potential for TB surveillance and treatment monitoring using the RT and MAPIA, respectively. C1 Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY 11763 USA. Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL USA. San Francisco Zoo, San Francisco, CA USA. Elephant Sanctuary, Hohenwald, TN USA. Albuquerque Biol Pk, Albuquerque, NM USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. USDA, Ainm & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Dept Bacteriol, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Elephant Care Int, Lake Buena Vista, FL USA. Disneys Anim Programs, Lake Buena Vista, FL USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lyashchenko, KP (reprint author), Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, 3661 Horseblock Rd, Medford, NY 11763 USA. EM klyashchenko@chembio.com OI Miller, Michele/0000-0002-5883-6076 NR 35 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 13 IS 7 BP 722 EP 732 DI 10.1128/CVI.00133-06 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 069BT UT WOS:000239420400002 PM 16829608 ER PT J AU Weiblen, GD Webb, CO Novotny, V Basset, Y Miller, SE AF Weiblen, George D. Webb, Campbell O. Novotny, Vojtech Basset, Yves Miller, Scott E. TI Phylogenetic dispersion of host use in a tropical insect herbivore community SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community ecology; community phylogenetics; herbivory; host specialization; host specificity; plant-insect interactions; phylogenetic dispersion; phylogeny; tropical rain forest ID PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; RAIN-FOREST; NEW-GUINEA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PLANT INTERACTIONS; DIVERGENCE TIMES; SPECIES RICHNESS; ABSOLUTE RATES; TREES; SPECIFICITY AB Theory has long predicted that insect community structure should be related to host plant phylogeny. We examined the distribution of insect herbivore associations with respect to host plant phylogeny for caterpillars (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and grasshoppers and relatives (orthopteroids) in a New Guinea rain forest. We collected herbivores from three lineages of closely related woody plants and from more distantly related plant lineages in the same locality to examine the phylogerietic scale at which host specificity can be detected in a community sample. By grafting molecular phylogenies inferred from three different genes into a supertree, we developed a phylogenetic hypothesis for the host community. Feeding experiments were performed on more than 100 000 live insects collected from the 62 host species. We examined patterns of host use with respect to the host plant phylogeny. As predicted, we found a negative relationship between faunal similarity, defined as the proportion of all herbivores feeding on two hosts that are shared between the hosts, and the phylogenetic distance between hosts based on DNA sequence divergence. Host phylogenetic distance explained a significant fraction of the variance (25%) in herbivore community similarity, in spite of the many ecological factors that probably influence feeding patterns. Herbivore community similarity among congeneric hosts was high (50% on average) compared to overlap among host families (20-30% on average). We confirmed this pattern using the nearest taxon index (NTI) and net relatedness index (NRI) to quantify the extent of phylogenetic clustering in particular herbivore associations and to test whether patterns are significantly different from chance expectations. We found that 40%, of caterpillar species showed significant phylogenetic clustering with respect to host plant associations, somewhat more so than for beetles or orthopteroids. We interpret this as evidence that a substantial fraction of tropical forest insect herbivores are clade specialists. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ S Bohemia, Fac Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Entomol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Weiblen, GD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gweiblen@umn.edu RI Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014 OI Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023 NR 55 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 87 IS 7 SU S BP S62 EP S75 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071MS UT WOS:000239606900007 PM 16922303 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, JM Jackson, JBC AF Pandolfi, JM Jackson, JBC TI Ecological persistence interrupted in Caribbean coral reefs SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Barbados; Caribbean Sea; community ecology; community structure; coral reefs; corals; ecosystem stability; habitat degradation; Pleistocene; rare species ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WEST-INDIES; LONG-TERM; DEATH ASSEMBLAGES; PLEISTOCENE REEFS; FRINGING REEFS; PHASE-SHIFTS; SEA-LEVEL; BARBADOS; QUATERNARY AB The recent mass mortality of Caribbean reef corals dramatically altered reef community structure and begs the question of the past stability and persistence of coral assemblages before human disturbance began. We report within habitat stability in coral community composition in the Pleistocene fossil record of Barbados for at least 95 000 years despite marked variability in global sea level and climate. Results were consistent for surveys of both common and rare taxa. Comparison of Pleistocene and modern community structure shows that Recent human impacts have changed coral community structure in ways not observed in the preceding 220 000 years. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Earth Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Panama. RP Pandolfi, JM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM j.pandolfi@uq.edu.au RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 49 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 7 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7 BP 818 EP 826 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00933.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052SF UT WOS:000238253500009 PM 16796572 ER PT J AU Jiggins, CD Mallarino, R Willmott, KR Bermingham, E AF Jiggins, Chris D. Mallarino, Ricardo Willmott, Keith R. Bermingham, Eldredge TI The phylogenetic pattern of speciation and wing pattern change in neotropical Ithomia butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE comparative analysis; Lepidoptera; mimicry; Pleistocene refugia; speciation ID SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES; ECOLOGICAL FACTORS; COLOR PATTERN; EVOLUTION; HELICONIUS; DIVERSIFICATION; MIMICRY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Species level phylogenetic hypotheses can be used to explore patterns of divergence and speciation. In the tropics, speciation is commonly attributed to either vicariance, perhaps within climate-induced forest refugia, or ecological speciation caused by niche adaptation. Mimetic butterflies have been used to identify forest refugia as well as in studies of ecological speciation, so they are ideal for discriminating between these two models. The genus Ithomia contains 24 species of warningly colored mimetic butterflies found in South and Central America, and here we use a phylogenetic hypothesis based on seven genes for 23 species to investigate speciation in this group. The history of wing color pattern evolution in the genus was reconstructed using both parsimony and likelihood. The ancestral pattern for the group was almost certainly a transparent butterfly, and there is strong evidence for convergent evolution due to mimicry. A punctuationist model of pattern evolution was a significantly better fit to the data than a gradualist model, demonstrating that pattern changes above the species level were associated with cladogenesis and supporting a model of ecological speciation driven by mimicry adaptation. However, there was only one case of sister species unambiguously differing in pattern, suggesting that some recent speciation events have occurred without pattern shifts. The pattern of geographic overlap between clades over time shows that closely related species are mostly sympatric or, in one case, parapatric. This is consistent with modes of speciation with ongoing gene flow, although rapid range changes following allopatric speciation could give a similar pattern. Patterns of lineage accumulation through time differed significantly from that expected at random, and show that most of the extant species were present by the beginning of the Pleistocene at the latest. Hence Pleistocene refugia are unlikely to have played a major role in Ithomia diversification. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 2072, Panama. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jiggins, CD (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. EM chris.jiggins@ed.ac.uk RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008 OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X NR 65 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 22 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 7 BP 1454 EP 1466 DI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01224.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 072OI UT WOS:000239682300013 PM 16929662 ER PT J AU Sayer, EJ Tanner, EVJ Lacey, AL AF Sayer, EJ Tanner, EVJ Lacey, AL TI Effects of litter manipulation on early-stage decomposition and meso-arthropod abundance in a tropical moist forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decomposition; leaf-litter; litterbag method; mesofauna; nutrient dynamics; tropical forest ID DRY-SEASON IRRIGATION; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; LEAF-LITTER; NUTRIENT RELEASE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EXPERIMENTAL PERTURBATIONS; AMAZONIAN FOREST; HAWAIIAN FORESTS; NATIONAL-PARK; RAIN FORESTS AB Differences in forest productivity due to climate change may result in permanently altered levels of litterfall and litter on the forest floor. Using experimental litter removal and litter addition treatments, we investigated the effects of increased and decreased litterfall on early-stage litter decomposition and the abundance of meso-arthropods in a moist tropical forest. Litterbags containing freshly fallen leaves of Cecropia insignis (above and below the litter on the forest floor, and with and without fungicide) and Simarouba amara, or untreated birch wood (Betula sp.) were placed in either (1) plots where all litterfall was removed monthly (L-); (2) plots where litterfall was doubled monthly (L+), or (3) control plots (CT). Litter removal significantly slowed decomposition of both species and reduced the abundance of meso-arthropods on Simarouba litter. The fungicide treatment did not reduce apparent mass loss of Cecropia leaves. The litter addition treatment accelerated the decay of birch wood, probably because of increased nutrient availability from the extra litter; but there was no change in leaf-litter decomposition or meso-arthropod abundance in the L+ treatment. After 68 days, the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in partially decomposed Cecropia litter were higher in the L+ treatment and lower in the L- treatment. The accumulation of phosphorus and nitrogen was greater in the litter in L+ plots and lower in the L- plots while the release of potassium and magnesium from decomposing litter was lower in the L+ treatment and greater in the L- plots. Thus, differences in the quantity of litterfall affect decomposition with consequences for carbon and nutrient storage and cycling. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Sayer, EJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BCI, Unit 948, APO aa, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM sayere@si.edu RI Sayer, Emma/B-2514-2010 OI Sayer, Emma/0000-0002-3322-4487 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.007 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900028 ER PT J AU Graham, LH Byers, AP Armstrong, DL Loskutoff, NM Swanson, WF Wildt, DE Brown, JL AF Graham, L. H. Byers, A. P. Armstrong, D. L. Loskutoff, N. M. Swanson, W. F. Wildt, D. E. Brown, J. L. TI Natural and gonadotropin-induced ovarian activity in tigers (Panthera tigris) assessed by fecal steroid analyses SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Panthera tigris; reproduction; endocrine; ovary; steroids; estradiol; artificial insemination; gonadotropins ID DOMESTIC CAT; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; SIBERIAN TIGERS; REPRODUCTION; ALTAICA; TECHNOLOGIES; INDUCTION; HORMONE; FELIDS AB Fecal samples were collected from female tigers (n = 17) to compare endocrine patterns associated with natural ovarian activity with those after chorionic gonadotropin ovulation induction and artificial insemination (AI). Baseline fecal estradiol concentrations were 65.77 +/- 3.61 ng/g with estrual peaks of 167.39 +/- 9.92 ng/g and an anovulatory cycle length of 17.96 +/- 0.70 days. Peak fecal estradiol was higher when females were housed with a male for breeding (262.30 +/- 41.43 vs. 165.30 +/- 3.67 ng/g; P < 0.05). The majority of animals showed some seasonal differences in fecal estradiol however, patterns were inconsistent. Fecal progestagens increased only after breeding confirming tigers are primarily induced ovulators. The non-pregnant luteal phase was 34.50 +/- 1.85 days in duration. In pregnant tigers, fecal progestagens remained elevated for 108 days until parturition and the diagnosis of pregnancy was possible based on the elevated fecal progestagens after 35 days of gestation. Tigers were administered equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) to stimulate follicular growth and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation prior to AI [200 IU eCG/100 IU hCG (n = 5); 400 IU eCG/200 TU hCG (n = 2); 500 IU eCG/100 IU hCG (n = 2); 1000 IU eCG/750 IU hCG (n = 11); 1000 IU eCG/1000 IU hCG (n = 4)]. None of the tigers subjected to Al became pregnant (n = 9). Fecal endocrine patterns in gonadotropin-stimulated tigers were considerably different from those observed in naturally bred tigers. In particular, fecal estradiol concentrations were higher than those observed during natural estrus and remained elevated for longer periods of time in tigers administered the higher doses of gonadotropins typically used in conjunction with Al in this species. These abnormal endocrine patterns may help explain the poor success rate of Al in this species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, Apple Valley, MN USA. Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, NE USA. Cincinnati Zoo & Bot Garden, Ctr Conservat & Res Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati, OH USA. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Graham, LH (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM endolaura@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 147 IS 3 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.008 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 052NK UT WOS:000238240200016 PM 16564049 ER PT J AU Malhi, Y Wood, D Baker, TR Wright, J Phillips, OL Cochrane, T Meir, P Chave, J Almeida, S Arroyo, L Higuchi, N Killeen, TJ Laurance, SG Laurance, WF Lewis, SL Monteagudo, A Neill, DA Vargas, PN Pitman, NCA Quesada, CA Salomao, R Silva, JNM Lezama, AT Terborgh, J Martinez, RV Vinceti, B AF Malhi, Y Wood, D Baker, TR Wright, J Phillips, OL Cochrane, T Meir, P Chave, J Almeida, S Arroyo, L Higuchi, N Killeen, TJ Laurance, SG Laurance, WF Lewis, SL Monteagudo, A Neill, DA Vargas, PN Pitman, NCA Quesada, CA Salomao, R Silva, JNM Lezama, AT Terborgh, J Martinez, RV Vinceti, B TI The regional variation of aboveground live biomass in old-growth Amazonian forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazonia; biomass; carbon; soil fertility; tropical forests; wood density ID TERRA-FIRME FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; CARBON BALANCE; DEFORESTATION; PLOTS; DENSITY AB The biomass of tropical forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, both as a dynamic reservoir of carbon, and as a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in areas undergoing deforestation. However, the absolute magnitude and environmental determinants of tropical forest biomass are still poorly understood. Here, we present a new synthesis and interpolation of the basal area and aboveground live biomass of old-growth lowland tropical forests across South America, based on data from 227 forest plots, many previously unpublished. Forest biomass was analyzed in terms of two uncorrelated factors: basal area and mean wood density. Basal area is strongly affected by local landscape factors, but is relatively invariant at regional scale in moist tropical forests, and declines significantly at the dry periphery of the forest zone. Mean wood density is inversely correlated with forest dynamics, being lower in the dynamic forests of western Amazonia and high in the slow-growing forests of eastern Amazonia. The combination of these two factors results in biomass being highest in the moderately seasonal, slow growing forests of central Amazonia and the Guyanas (up to 350 Mg dry weight ha(-1)) and declining to 200-250 Mg dry weight ha(-1) at the western, southern and eastern margins. Overall, we estimate the total aboveground live biomass of intact Amazonian rainforests (area 5.76 x 10(6) km(2) in 2000) to be 93 +/- 23 Pg C, taking into account lianas and small trees. Including dead biomass and belowground biomass would increase this value by approximately 10% and 21%, respectively, but the spatial variation of these additional terms still needs to be quantified. C1 Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Leeds, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Southampton, Dept Geog, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. Agteca, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. CNRS, UPS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, Toulouse, France. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil. Museo Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Clara, Bolivia. Inst Natl Pesquisas Amazonicas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Washington, DC USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Herbardio Vargas, Cuzco, Peru. Jardin Bot Missouri, Proyecto Flora Peru, Oxapampa, Peru. Fdn Jatun Sacha, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Nacl San Antonio Cusco, Herbario Vargas, Cuzco, Peru. Duke Univ, Ctr Trop Conservat, Durham, NC USA. CIFOR, Tapajos, Brazil. EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Belem, Para, Brazil. Univ Los Andes, INDEFOR, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Ambientale, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. RP Malhi, Y (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. EM ymalhi@ouce.ox.ac.uk RI Pitman, Nigel/A-7681-2008; Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Meir, Patrick/J-8344-2012; Wright, Jim/C-7881-2013; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011; OI Pitman, Nigel/0000-0002-9211-2880; Wright, Jim/0000-0002-8842-2181; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933; Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851 NR 70 TC 246 Z9 261 U1 7 U2 86 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1107 EP 1138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01120.x PG 32 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 054CE UT WOS:000238352800001 ER PT J AU Ceruzzi, PE AF Ceruzzi, Paul E. TI The materiality of the Internet SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ceruzzi, PE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM paul.ceruzzi@nasm.si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 96 EP + DI 10.1109/MAHC.2006.58 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA 074DB UT WOS:000239791800015 ER PT J AU Pearson, PN Nicholas, CJ Singano, JM Bown, PR Coxall, HK van Dongen, BE Huber, BT Karega, A Lees, JA MacLeod, K McMillan, IK Pancost, RD Pearson, M Msaky, E AF Pearson, Paul N. Nicholas, Christopher J. Singano, Joyce M. Bown, Paul R. Coxall, Helen K. van Dongen, Bart E. Huber, Brian T. Karega, Amina Lees, Jackie A. MacLeod, Kenneth McMillan, Ian K. Pancost, Richard D. Pearson, Marion Msaky, Emma TI Further Paleogene and Cretaceous sediment cores from the Kilwa area of coastal Tanzania: Tanzania Drilling Project Sites 6-10 SO JOURNAL OF AFRICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cretaceous; Eocene; Oligocene; foraminifers; nannofossils; geochemistry; palynology ID 4-METHYL STEROLS; HYDROCARBONS; TRITERPENOIDS; FORAMINIFERA; TEMPERATURES; ZONATION; MARINE AB Initial results from scientific drilling in southern coastal Tanzania are described. In a field season in 2003, a total of five sites was drilled (mostly using continuous coring) by the Tanzania Drilling Project for paleoclimate studies. The sediments are predominantly marine clays and claystones deposited in an outer shelf or slope environment and often contain excellently preserved microfossils suitable for geochemical analysis. The studies reported here include summaries of the lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy (planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils, benthic foraminifers, and palynology) and organic geochemistry. TDP Site 6 was drilled near Kilwa Masoko (UTM 37L 555752, 9014922), 350 m to the south-east of a previous site, TDP Site 1. The top 59.58 m, which was mostly drilled without coring, consists of an Oligocene clay formation belonging to nannofossil Zone NP23. The rest of the hole, to a total depth of 61.25 m, consists of a fault zone in which the Oligocene sediments are intermixed with middle Eocene clays of planktonic foraminifer Zone E9 and nannofossil Subzone NP15b. TDP Site 7 consists of two holes (Hole TDP7A: UTM 37L 547126, 9030142; Hole TDP7B: UTM 37L 0547130, 9030140) drilled just 5 m apart at Kwamatola, a creek to the south of Kilwa Kivinje. Underneath approximately 20 m of unconsolidated sands and gravels, claystones and siltstones were recovered to a total depth of 128.00 m. The site spans lower Eocene planktonic foraminifer Zones E1, E2 and E3 and nannofossil Subzones NP 9b and NP10. The bottom of Hole TDP7B approaches the Paleocene-Eocene boundary but no unambiguously Paleocene sediments were recovered. TDP Site 8 was drilled to the south-east of Singino Hill (UTM 37L 548033, 9025811). Below a covering of surface gravels, it yielded predominantly dark greenish-grey claystones to a total depth of 22.95 m. The sediments are from the lower Eocene and span the boundary between planktonic foraminifer Zones E3 and E4 and fall within nannofossil Zone NP10. TDP Site 9 was drilled near Nangurukuru junction (UTM 37L 538987, 9027049). It yielded predominantly dark greenish-grey siltstones to a total depth of 88.80 m. Thin siliciclastic beds with trace fossils of the Nereites ichnofacies are common in the lower third of the site. These sediments span the Campanian-Maastrichtian stage boundary and are assigned to the Globotruncanella havanensis to Gansserina gansseri planktonic foraminifer zones and nannofossil Subzones UC15e(TP) to UC17. TDP Site 10 was drilled to the west of Singino Hill, adjacent to the main Kilwa road (UTM 37L 0541243, 9028791). Below a superficial covering of gravel, it yielded predominantly dark greenish-grey silty claystones to a total depth of 100.80 in. These sediments are assigned to Paleocene planktonic foraminifer Zone P4c-P5 and nannofossil Subzone NP9b. Organic geochemical analyses from all the sites revealed biomarkers of predominantly terrestrial origin and collectively indicate an unusually low degree of thermal maturity for the area, suggesting shallow maximum burial depths. Traces of migrated hydrocarbons were found in TDP Sites 7 and 10. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth Ocean & Planetary Sci, Cardiff CF10 3YE, Wales. Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Geol, Dublin 2, Ireland. Tanzania Petr Dev Corp, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Biogeochem Res Ctr, Organ Geochem Unit, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC, NHB121, Washington, DC 20012 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Pearson, PN (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth Ocean & Planetary Sci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3YE, Wales. EM PearsonP@cardiff.ac.uk RI Pearson, Paul/B-2276-2009; Bown, Paul/C-5235-2011; MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017; OI Pearson, Paul/0000-0003-4628-9818; MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837; LEES, JACKIE/0000-0003-0737-8826; van Dongen, Bart/0000-0003-1189-142X; Bown, Paul/0000-0001-6777-4463 NR 62 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-343X J9 J AFR EARTH SCI JI J. Afr. Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 279 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2006.02.005 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 068LP UT WOS:000239375800003 ER PT J AU Wescott, DJ Cunningham, DL AF Wescott, DJ Cunningham, DL TI Temporal changes in Arikara humeral and femoral cross-sectional geometry associated with horticultural intensification SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arikara; femur; humerus; asymmetry; biomechanics; sexual dimorphism ID PECOS PUEBLO FEMORA; LATER STONE-AGE; GEORGIA COAST; LOWER-LIMB; BONE; AGRICULTURE; FEMUR; SEX; BIOMECHANICS; POPULATIONS AB Humeral and femoral cross-sectional properties from three archaeological variants of the Arikara, an American Great Plains Indian tribe, were analyzed for temporal (16th to 19th centuries) changes in long bone architecture, asymmetry, and sexual dimorphism associated with intensification of horticulture during the late protohistoric and early historic periods. There were a number of significant changes in long bone, especially femoral, cross-sectional morphology and asymmetry among females through time that probably reflect increases in the workload necessary to produce surplus crops. Changes in long bone architecture among males are restricted to the humerus and may reflect a greater reliance on firearms. The pattern of sexual dimorphism also changes through time among the Arikara due to a combination of environmental (nutrition and disease) and mechanical factors. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wescott, DJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wescottd@missouri.edu; cunninghamd@si.edu NR 79 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1022 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2005.11.007 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 044GG UT WOS:000237659800012 ER PT J AU Becerro, MA Starmer, JA Paul, VJ AF Becerro, Mikel A. Starmer, John A. Paul, Valerie J. TI Chemical defenses of cryptic and aposematic gastropterid molluscs feeding on their host sponge Dysidea granulosa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs); chemical defense; Dysidea granulosa; feeding specialists; Sagaminopteron nigropunctatum; Sagaminopteron psychedelicum ID DIPHENYL ETHERS; OPISTHOBRANCH MOLLUSKS; SECONDARY METABOLITES; TYLODINA-PERVERSA; MARINE SPONGE; NUDIBRANCH; ECOLOGY; SEA; GASTROPODA; DIET AB Numerous opisthobranchs are known to sequester chemical defenses from their prey and use them for their own defense. Information on feeding biology is critical for understanding the ecology and evolution of molluscs, yet information on feeding biology is still scarce for many groups. Gastropterid molluscs are often found on sponges, but there is controversy as to whether they are true sponge feeders. On Guam, we found the gastropterids Sagaminopteron nigropunctatum and S. psychedelicum on the sponge Dysidea granulosa. They seem to rely on contrasting defense strategies as S. psychedelicum has vivid colors, consistent with the warning coloration found in many chemically defended opisthobranchs, whereas S. nigropunctatum is highly cryptic on the sponge. S. nigropunctatum is avoided by the pufferfish Canthigaster solandri in aquarium assays. We analyzed the secondary metabolites of the two species and found that both share polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) with their host sponge D. granulosa. S. psychedelicum and S. nigropunctatum sequester the major BDE in the sponge and accumulate it in the mantle at approximately the same concentration as in the sponge (4.03 and 2.37%, respectively), and concentrate it in their parapodia at over twice the sponge concentration (7.97 and 10.10%, respectively). We also detected trace amounts in the mucus secretion of S. psychedelicum, and quantified significant amounts in the mucus (1.84%) and egg masses (2.22%) of S. nigropunctatum. Despite contrasting color patterns displayed by the two gastropterid species, they seem to share a similar chemical defense strategy, i.e., they feed on D. granulosa and accumulate the major BDE of the sponge in their tissues. C1 Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. CSIC, CEAB, Ctr Adv Studies, E-17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Becerro, MA (reprint author), Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. EM mikel@ceab.csic.es RI Becerro, Mikel/A-5325-2008; OI Starmer, John/0000-0003-2926-5048; Becerro, Mikel/0000-0002-6047-350X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM44796, GM38624] NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1491 EP 1500 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9064-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061HK UT WOS:000238862000008 PM 16718562 ER PT J AU Lopez-Vaamonde, C Wikstrom, N Labandeira, C Godfray, HCJ Goodman, SJ Cook, JM AF Lopez-Vaamonde, C. Wikstrom, N. Labandeira, C. Godfray, H. C. J. Goodman, S. J. Cook, J. M. TI Fossil-calibrated molecular phylogenies reveal that leaf-mining moths radiated millions of years after their host plants SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coevolution; cospeciation; divergence times; evolutionary rates; fossil record; host shift; leaf-mining moth; penalized likelihood; plant-insect interactions; sequential evolution ID ESTIMATING DIVERGENCE TIMES; MIDDLE EOCENE; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; CENTRAL GEORGIA; ABSOLUTE RATES; EVOLUTION; INSECT; USA; DIVERSIFICATION; POLLINATORS AB Coevolution has been hypothesized as the main driving force for the remarkable diversity of insect-plant associations. Dating of insect and plant phylogenies allows us to test coevolutionary hypotheses and distinguish between the contemporaneous radiation of interacting lineages vs. insect 'host tracking' of previously diversified plants. Here, we used nuclear DNA to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny for 100 species of Phyllonorycter leaf-mining moths and 36 outgroup taxa. Ages for nodes in the moth phylogeny were estimated using a combination of a penalized likelihood method and a Bayesian approach, which takes into account phylogenetic uncertainty. To convert the relative ages of the moths into dates, we used an absolute calibration point from the fossil record. The age estimates of (a selection of) moth clades were then compared with fossil-based age estimates of their host plants. Our results show that the principal radiation of Phyllonorycter leaf-mining moths occurred well after the main radiation of their host plants and may represent the dominant associational mode in the fossil record. C1 INRA, Lab Zool Forestiere, F-45166 Olivet, France. Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Systemat Biol, Norbyvagen, Sweden. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Ascot, Berks, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, NERC, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Lopez-Vaamonde, C (reprint author), INRA, Lab Zool Forestiere, BP 20619 Ardon, F-45166 Olivet, France. EM carlos.lopez-vaamonde@orleans.inra.fr RI Cook, James/D-6423-2011; Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos/A-5548-2009 OI Cook, James/0000-0001-8447-6126; Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos/0000-0003-2278-2368 NR 77 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X EI 1420-9101 J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1314 EP 1326 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01070.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 065IT UT WOS:000239154100030 PM 16780532 ER PT J AU Petrizzo, MR Huber, BT AF Petrizzo, Maria Rose Huber, Brian T. TI On the phylogeny of the late Albian genus Planomalina SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AB The ancestor-descendant relationships of the late Albian Planomalina lineage have been reconstructed using morphologic observations obtained from the Scanning Electron Microscope and supported by morphometric analysis using X-ray images of the shell ontogeny. Both techniques are key to resolving questions on phylogeny and taxonomy, as they allowed us to propose that the trochospiral species Hedbergella wondersi is the ancestor of the genus Planomalina, and to document the Hedbergella wondersi - Globigerinelloides pulchellus - Planomalina praebuxtorfii - Planomalina buxtorfi evolutionary lineage. C1 Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Petrizzo, MR (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM mrose.petrizzo@unimi.it RI Petrizzo, Maria Rose/M-8672-2013 OI Petrizzo, Maria Rose/0000-0002-9584-8471 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.2113/gsjfr.36.3.233 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 076EH UT WOS:000239939300004 ER PT J AU Assefa, Z AF Assefa, Zelalem TI Faunal remains from Porc-Epic: Paleoecological and zooarchaeological investigations from a Middle Stone Age site in southeastern Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Middle Stone Age; East Africa; Porc-Epic; taphonomy; zooarchaeology; paleoecology ID EARLY-MODERN HUMANS; REVERSE UTILITY CURVES; CARNIVORE TOOTH MARKS; FLK 22 ZINJANTHROPUS; OLDUVAI-GORGE; SOUTH-AFRICA; ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; PERCUSSION MARKS; BODY-PART; BONE FRAGMENTATION AB The Middle Stone Age (MSA) sediments of Porc-Epic Cave near Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, have produced a large assemblage of archaeofaunal remains dating to the later periods of the Late Pleistocene. As one of the few MSA faunal assemblages from East Africa subject to detailed analysis, it provides rare insight into the foraging behavior of the early modern humans in this region. The MSA fauna include taxa that were not historically present in the area, with the occurrence of reduncines and alcelaphines indicating widespread grasslands and proximity to a perennial source of water. The faunal analysis examined several lines of evidence, including breakage patterns, surface modification, and skeletal-element representation. By incorporating comparisons with multiple actualistic data sets, the analysis of the assemblage demonstrates that, while the influence of carnivores and other biotic agents was evident, the faunal remains were accumulated primarily by hominid activity. The skeletal-element representation at Porc-Epic includes an abundance of high utility bones, in contrast to the predominance of "head-and-foot" elements documented at other MSA and Middle Paleolithic (MP) sites. The MSA occupants of Porc-Epic effectively exploited a wide range of prey with more emphasis on small- and medium-sized mammals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Smithsonian Inst,Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Assefa, Z (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Smithsonian Inst,Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Zassefa@gmail.com NR 135 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 50 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.01.004 PG 26 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 063UZ UT WOS:000239046700003 PM 16545861 ER PT J AU Gunatilleke, CVS Gunatilleke, IAUN Esufali, S Harms, KE Ashton, PMS Burslem, DFRP Ashton, PS AF Gunatilleke, C. V. S. Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N. Esufali, S. Harms, K. E. Ashton, P. M. S. Burslem, D. F. R. P. Ashton, P. S. TI Species-habitat associations in a Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental heterogeneity; habitat specialization; rain forest; Sinharaja Forest Dynamics Plot; species-habitat associations; Sri Lanka; torus translations ID TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; TREES; DIVERSITY; SHOREA; PLOTS; HETEROGENEITY; COEXISTENCE; TOPOGRAPHY AB Forest structure and species distribution patterns were examined among eight topographically defined habitats for the 205 species with stems >= 1 cm dbh inhabiting a 25-ha plot in the Sinharaja rain forest, Sri Lanka. The habitats were steep spurs, less-steep spurs, steep gullies and less-steep gullies, all at either lower or upper elevations. Mean stem density was significantly greater on the upper spurs than in the lower, less-steep gullies. Stem density was also higher on spurs than in gullies within each elevation category and in each upper-elevation habitat than in its corresponding lower-elevation habitat. Basal area varied less among habitats, but followed similar trends to stem density. Species richness and Fisher's alpha were lower in the upper-elevation habitats than in the lower-elevation habitats. These differences appeared to be related to the abundances of the dominant species. Of the 125 species subjected to torus-translation tests, 99 species (abundant and less abundant and those in different strata) showed at least one positive or negative association to one or more of the habitats. Species associations were relatively more frequent with the lower-elevation gullies. These and the previous findings on seedling ecophysiology, morphology and anatomy of sonic of the habitat specialists suggest that edaphic and hydrological variation related to topography, accompanied by canopy disturbances of varying intensity, type and extent along the catenal landscape, plays a major role in habitat partitioning in this forest. C1 Univ Peradeniya, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Arbold Arboretum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gunatilleke, IAUN (reprint author), Univ Peradeniya, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka. EM savnim@slt.lk OI Burslem, David/0000-0001-6033-0990 NR 53 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 30 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 BP 371 EP 384 DI 10.1017/S0266467406003282 PN 4 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071GP UT WOS:000239587500002 ER PT J AU Jedlicka, JA Greenberg, R Perfecto, I Philpottt, SM Dietsch, TV AF Jedlicka, Julie A. Greenberg, Russell Perfecto, Ivette Philpottt, Stacy M. Dietsch, Thomas V. TI Seasonal shift in the foraging niche of a tropical avian resident: resource competition at work? SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian insectivory; birds; breeding demand; Chiapas; Mexico; coffee agroecosystem; direct interference; foraging. indirect competition; migrant-resident interaction; resource competition; rufous-capped warbler; sexual segregation; shaded coffee ID BREEDING CURRENCY HYPOTHESIS; SHADE COFFEE PLANTATIONS; SPECIES RICHNESS; BIRD POPULATIONS; MIGRANTS; ANTS; WARBLERS; BEHAVIOR; COEXISTENCE; AGROFOREST AB This study examined the foraging behaviour of a resident bird species, the rufous-capped warbler (RCWA, Basileuterus rufifrons). in a shaded-coffee farm in Chiapas, Mexico. Unlike many resident species that use shaded-coffee agroecosystems seasonally. RCWAs do not move to other habitats when migrants are present. RCWA foraging was compared when migrant birds were present (dry season) and absent (wet season). It was hypothesized that RCWAs would exhibit a seasonal foraging niche shift because of resource competition with migrants. Observations from both the canopy and coffee understorey show that RCWAs foraged almost equally in both vegetative layers during the wet season although they were more successful foraging in the canopy. In the dry season, migrants foraged primarily in the canopy and RCWAs shifted so that 80% of RCWA foraging manoeuvres were in the understorey. At that time RCWAs foraged less successfully in both vegetative layers. Avian predation in the dry season was found to reduce densities of arthropods by 47-79% in the canopy, as opposed to 4-5% in the understorey. In the canopy, availability of large (> 5 mm in length) arthropods decreased by 58% from the wet to dry season. Such resource reductions could have caused the RCWA foraging niche shift yet other alternative or additional hypotheses are discussed. Shifts in foraging niche may be a widespread mechanism for some small insectivorous residents to avoid seasonal competition with abundant migrant species. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Jedlicka, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jenvs@ucsc.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 28 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1017/S0266467406003191 PN 4 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071GP UT WOS:000239587500003 ER PT J AU Harvey, EJ AF Jones Harvey, Eleanor TI The new Smithsonian American Art Museum SO MAGAZINE ANTIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. RP Harvey, EJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRANT PUBL, INC PI NEW YORK PA 575 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0161-9284 J9 MAG ANTIQUES JI Mag. Antiq. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Art SC Art GA 061IO UT WOS:000238865300008 ER PT J AU Moigis, AG AF Moigis, AG TI The clearance rate of microzooplankton as the key element for describing estimated non-linear dilution plots demonstrated by a model SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC IRONEX II; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; FERTILIZATION; FOOD; SEA; BAY AB The objective of this study was to determine whether the clearance rate of grazers (as an individual response) was sensitive enough to describe non-linear plots estimated by dilution experiments for measuring the instant grazing rate of microzooplankton. The study was based on an initial analysis of a non-linear feeding pattern based on the food concentration dependence of clearance rate of microzooplankton. In contrast to the traditional assumption of a linear functional response, I assumed that the microzooplankton functional response was non-linear and that the dependence of the clearance rate can be sub-divided into four intervals of food concentration (Sections I-IV) as follows: in Section I clearance rate is zero; Section II is a transitional interval in which the clearance rate increases from zero to a maximum value; in Section III, the clearance rate is maximal and constant, and in Section IV, the clearance rate decreases from its maximum value due to saturated ingestion rate. A set of derived differential equations describes the phytoplankton growth rate in each section, leading to the possibility of comparing predicted non-linear dilution plots with observed non-linear dilution data, using only the specific solutions for Sections III and IV. One should evaluate the quality of fit provided by the non-linear and linear models, rather than uncritically accepting only the linear model for observed non-linear dilution data, using calculated expected non-linear and linear dilution plots as alternative hypotheses. It can be demonstrated that the non-linear model provided a better fit to estimated non-linear dilution data from the Red Sea, Rhode River Estuary (USA) and Kiel Fjord (Germany) than the standard linear model. Published dilution experiments which had a non-linear shape were also selected as illustrative examples to demonstrate the superior fit of the non-linear model. C1 Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24103 Kiel, Germany. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Moigis, AG (reprint author), Ulmenstr 73, D-24306 Paderborn, Germany. EM AMoigis@gmx.net NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 149 IS 4 BP 743 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s00227-005-0202-3 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 058SC UT WOS:000238683900005 ER PT J AU Bowen, BW Bass, AL Muss, A Carlin, J Robertson, DR AF Bowen, B. W. Bass, A. L. Muss, A. Carlin, J. Robertson, D. R. TI Phylogeography of two Atlantic squirrelfishes (Family Holocentridae): exploring links between pelagic larval duration and population connectivity SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CORAL-REEF FISH; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; EARLY-LIFE HISTORIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; OCEAN CURRENTS; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; LAST DEGLACIATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SELF-RECRUITMENT AB Genetic surveys of reef fishes have revealed high population connectivity within ocean basins, consistent with the assumption that pelagic larvae disperse long distances by oceanic currents. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that larval retention and self-recruitment may be higher than previously expected. To assess connectivity in tropical reef fishes, we contribute range-wide mtDNA surveys of two Atlantic squirrelfishes (family Holocentridae). The blackbar soldierfish, Myripristis jacobus, has a pelagic juvenile phase of about 58 days, compared to about 71 days (similar to 22% longer) in the longjaw squirrelfish, Holocentrus ascensionis. If the pelagic duration is guiding dispersal ability, M. jacobus should have greater population genetic structure than H. ascensionis. In comparisons of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences from 69 M. jacobus (744 bp) and 101 H. ascensionis (769 bp), both species exhibited a large number of closely related haplotypes (h=0.781 and 0.974, pi=0.003 and 0.006, respectively), indicating late Pleistocene coalescence of mtDNA lineages. Contrary to the prediction based on pelagic duration, M. jacobus has much less population structure (phi(ST)=0.008, P=0.228) than H. ascensionis (phi(ST)=0.091, P < 0.001). Significant population partitions in H. ascensionis were observed between eastern, central and western Atlantic, and between Brazil and the Caribbean in the western Atlantic. These results, in combination with the findings from 13 codistributed species, indicate that pelagic larval duration is a poor predictor of population genetic structure in Atlantic reef fishes. A key to understanding this disparity may be the evolutionary depth among corresponding taxonomic groups of "reef fishes", which extends back to the mid-Cretaceous and encompasses enormous diversity in ecology and life history. We should not expect a simple relationship between pelagic larval duration and genetic connectivity, among lineages that diverged 50-100 million years ago. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Whitman Coll, Dept Biol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Panama, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Bowen, BW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM bbowen@hawaii.edu NR 109 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 149 IS 4 BP 899 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s00227-006-0252-1 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 058SC UT WOS:000238683900018 ER PT J AU Nie, ZL Sun, H Li, H Wen, J AF Nie, Ze-Long Sun, Hang Li, Heng Wen, Jun TI Intercontinental biogeography of subfamily Orontioideae (Symplocarpus, Lysichiton, and Orontium) of Araceae in eastern Asia and North America SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Araceae; disjunction; eastern Asia; eastern North America; Orontium; Lysichiton; Symplocarpus; western North America ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; RELATIVE-RATE TEST; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; FLOWERING PLANTS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENY; RATES; HEMISPHERE AB Symplocarpus, Lysichiton, and Orontium (Orontioideae) are three of the few north temperate genera of the primarily tropical Araceae. Symplocarpus is disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia (3 spp.) and eastern North America (1 sp.); Lysichiton has an intercontinental discontinuous distribution in eastern Asia (1 sp.) and northwestern North America (1 sp.); and the monotypic Orontium is restricted to eastern North America. Phylogenetic analysis of the trnL-F and ndhF sequences supports (1) the monophyly of both Symplocarpus and Lysichiton, (2) the sister-group relationship of Symplocarpus and Lysichiton, and (3) the clade of Orontium, Symplocarpus, and Lysichiton. Although Symplocarpus shows a much wider disjunction than Lysichiton, the estimated divergence time of the former [4.49 +/- 1.69 or 6.88 +/- 4.18 million years ago (mya)] was similar to that of the latter (4.02 +/- 1.60 or 7.18 +/- 4.33 mya) based on the penalized likelihood and the Bayesian dating methods, respectively. Eastern Asia was suggested to be the ancestral area of the Symplocarpus Lysichiton clade based on the dispersal-vicariance analysis. Our biogeographic results support independent migrations of Symplocarpus and Lysichiton across the Bering land bridge in the late Tertiary (Pliocene/late Miocene). Fossil evidence suggests Orontioideae dated back to the late Cretaceous in the temperate Northern Hemisphere (72 mya). The relative rate test shows similar substitution rates of the trnL-F sequences between the proto and the true aroids, although the latter has substantially higher species diversity. The proto Araceae perhaps suffered from a higher rate of extinction in the temperate zone associated with periods of climatic cooling in the Tertiary. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu NR 93 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.012 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 060MG UT WOS:000238805700014 PM 16621613 ER PT J AU Duran, S Rutzler, K AF Duran, Sandra Rutzler, Klaus TI Ecological speciation in a Caribbean marine sponge SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID CHONDRILLA-NUCULA; REEF FISHES; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCES C1 Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 32960 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Duran, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 32960 USA. EM duran.sandra@gmail.com NR 35 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.018 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 060MG UT WOS:000238805700027 PM 16574436 ER PT J AU Croft, RAC Banday, AJ Hernquist, L AF Croft, RAC Banday, AJ Hernquist, L TI Lyman alpha forest-CMB cross-correlation and the search for the ionized baryons at high redshift SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of Universe ID HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH EFFECT(S); PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; RADIATION FLUCTUATIONS; GALACTIC WINDS; STAR-FORMATION; UNIVERSE AB The intergalactic neutral hydrogen, which is responsible for the Ly alpha forest of quasar absorption lines, is a tracer of much larger amounts of ionized hydrogen. The ionized component has yet to be detected directly, but is expected to scatter cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. We use hydrodynamic simulations of a Lambda cold dark matter (CDM) universe to create mock quasar spectra and CMB sky maps from the same volume of space. We find that the high-redshift Ly alpha forest gas causes temperature fluctuations of the order of 1 mu K rms in the CMB on arcmin scales. The kinetic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects have a similar magnitude at redshift 3, with the thermal effect becoming relatively weaker as expected at higher redshift. The CMB signal associated with lines of sight having H I column densities > 10(18) cm(-2) is only marginally stronger than that for lower column density sightlines. There is a much more significant dependence of rms temperature fluctuation on mean Ly alpha absorbed flux, however, suggesting that the CMB signal effectively arises in lower density material. We investigate the extent to which it is possible to cross-correlate information from the Ly alpha forest and the microwave background to detect the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect at redshifts 2-4. In so doing, we are able to set direct limits on the density of diffuse ionized intergalactic baryons. We carry out a preliminary comparison at a mean redshift z = 3 of 3488 quasar spectra from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 3 and the WMAP first year data. Assuming that the baryons are clustered as in a Lambda CDM cosmology, and have the same mean temperature, the cross-correlation yields a weak limit on the cosmic density of ionized baryons Omega(b,I). As a fraction of the critical density, we find Omega(b,I) < 0.8 at 95 per cent confidence. With data from upcoming CMB telescopes, we anticipate that a direct detection of the high-redshift ionized intergalactic medium will soon be possible, providing an important consistency check on cosmological models. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Croft, RAC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM rcroft@cmu.edu RI Croft, Rupert/N-8707-2014 OI Croft, Rupert/0000-0003-0697-2583 NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 3 BP 1090 EP 1102 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10292.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054CM UT WOS:000238353800006 ER PT J AU Khosroshahi, HG Maughan, BJ Ponman, TJ Jones, LR AF Khosroshahi, HG Maughan, BJ Ponman, TJ Jones, LR TI A fossil galaxy cluster : an X-ray and optical study of RX J1416.4+2315 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : haloes; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; TO-LIGHT RATIO; ENTROPY PROFILES; WARPS SURVEY; DARK-MATTER; MASS; LUMINOSITY; EVOLUTION; ROSAT; MULTIWAVELENGTH AB We present a detailed X-ray and optical study of a distant fossil system RX J1416.4+2315(z approximate to 0.137), combining Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, optical photometry and spectroscopy. X-ray emitting hot gas imaged by both the Chandra and XMM-Newton shows a globally relaxed spatial distribution, supporting the idea that fossil groups are old galaxy systems with no recent mergers. However, the diffuse X-ray emission shows signs of asymmetries in the core of the system. With a mean gas temperature of similar to 4.0 keV and total gravitational mass of 3.1 x 10(14) M circle dot, within the virial radius, this is better described as a fossil galaxy cluster rather than a fossil group. The temperature profile shows no sign of a significant cooler core despite a cooling time dropping to 5 Gyr within the resolved core. We find a mass concentration parameter c(200) similar to 11 which is relatively high for a cluster of this mass, indicative of an early formation epoch. Using the spectroscopically identified cluster members, we present the galaxy luminosity function for this fossil system. We measure the velocity dispersion of the galaxies to be similar to 700 km s(-1) based on 18 confirmed members. The dynamical mass is nearly twice the total gravitational mass derived from the X-ray analysis. The measured R-band mass-to-light ratio, within the virial radius, is similar to 440 M circle dot/L circle dot which is not unusual for clusters of galaxies. The central giant elliptical galaxy has discy isophotes and spectral features typical of elliptical galaxies. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Khosroshahi, HG (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM habib@star.sr.bham.ac.uk NR 44 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1220 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10357.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054CM UT WOS:000238353800017 ER PT J AU Charron, E Cirone, MA Negretti, A Schmiedmayer, J Calarco, T AF Charron, E. Cirone, M. A. Negretti, A. Schmiedmayer, J. Calarco, T. TI Theoretical analysis of a realistic atom-chip quantum gate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SURFACES; ENTANGLEMENT; NOISE; MODEL; IONS AB We present a detailed, realistic analysis of the implementation of a proposal for a quantum phase gate based on atomic vibrational states, specializing it to neutral rubidium atoms on atom chips. We show how to create a double-well potential with static currents on the atom chips, using for all relevant parameters values that are achieved with present technology. The potential barrier between the two wells can be modified by varying the currents in order to realize a quantum phase gate for qubit states encoded in the atomic external degree of freedom. The gate performance is analyzed through numerical simulations; the operation time is similar to 10 ms with a performance fidelity above 99.9%. For storage of the state between the operations the qubit state can be transferred efficiently via Raman transitions to two hyperfine states, where its decoherence is strongly inhibited. In addition we discuss the limits imposed by the proximity of the surface to the gate fidelity. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Photophys Mol, F-91405 Orsay, France. ECT, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trento, Italy. CNR, INFM, BEC, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Charron, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Photophys Mol, Batiment 210, F-91405 Orsay, France. RI Schmiedmayer, Jorg/B-4717-2008; Negretti, Antonio/H-1837-2012; Charron, Eric/A-9017-2011 OI Schmiedmayer, Jorg/0000-0001-7799-5614; Charron, Eric/0000-0003-1660-6368 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 012308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012308 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900025 ER PT J AU Pupillo, G Rey, AM Batrouni, GG AF Pupillo, Guido Rey, Ana Maria Batrouni, Ghassan George TI Bragg spectroscopy of trapped one-dimensional strongly interacting bosons in optical lattices: Probing the cake structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; INSULATOR; FERMIONS AB We study Bragg spectroscopy of strongly interacting one-dimensional bosons loaded in an optical lattice plus an additional parabolic potential. We calculate the dynamic structure factor by using Monte Carlo simulations for the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, exact diagonalizations and the results of a recently introduced extended fermionization model. We find that, due to the system's inhomogeneity, the excitation spectrum exhibits a multibranched structure, whose origin is related to the presence of superfluid regions with different densities in the atomic distribution. We thus suggest that Bragg spectroscopy in the linear regime can be used as an experimental tool to unveil the shell structure of alternating Mott insulator and superfluid phases characteristic of trapped bosons. C1 Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quatum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nice, Inst Nonlinear, F-06560 Valbonne, France. RP Pupillo, G (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quatum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Batrouni, George/A-9318-2009 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 013601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.013601 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900088 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yan, ZC Vrinceanu, D Babb, JF Sadeghpour, HR AF Zhang, J. -Y. Yan, Z. -C. Vrinceanu, D. Babb, J. F. Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Long-range interactions for He(nS)-He(n ' S) and He(nS)-He(n ' P) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION-ENERGY COEFFICIENTS; IMAGINARY FREQUENCIES; POLARIZABILITIES; QUADRUPOLE; OCTUPOLE; HELIUM; DIPOLE; ATOMS; REAL; HE AB For helium, long-range interaction coefficients C-3, C-6, C-8, C-9, and C-10 for all S-S and S-P pairs of the energetically lowest five states (1 S-1, 2 S-3, 2 S-1, 2 P-3, and 2 P-1) are calculated precisely using correlated wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates. Finite nuclear isotope mass effects are included. C1 Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RI Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014; OI Babb, James/0000-0002-3883-9501 NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 014704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.014704 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900135 ER PT J AU Klein, M Tsai, LL Rosen, MS Pavlin, T Candela, D Walsworth, RL AF Klein, M. Tsai, L. L. Rosen, M. S. Pavlin, T. Candela, D. Walsworth, R. L. TI Interstitial gas and density segregation of vertically vibrated granular media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION; SIZE; PARTICLES; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB We report experimental studies of the effect of interstitial gas on mass-density segregation in a vertically vibrated mixture of equal-sized bronze and glass spheres. Sufficiently strong vibration in the presence of interstitial gas induces vertical segregation into sharply separated bronze and glass layers. We find that the segregated steady state (i.e., bronze or glass layer on top) is a sensitive function of gas pressure and viscosity, as well as vibration frequency and amplitude. In particular, we identify distinct regimes of behavior that characterize the change from bronze-on-top to glass-on-top steady state. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Circulat & Med Imaging, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 010301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.010301 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 069DI UT WOS:000239425600006 PM 16907043 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Ball, MC Feller, IC Engelbrecht, BMJ Ewe, ML AF Lovelock, Catherine E. Ball, Marilyn C. Feller, Ilka C. Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Ewe, Mei Ling TI Variation in hydraulic conductivity of mangroves: influence of species, salinity, and nitrogen and phosphorus availability SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; WATER-USE; AEGICERAS-CORNICULATUM; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; AVICENNIA-MARINA; FOREST STRUCTURE; CARBON GAIN; GROWTH; XYLEM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We investigated how species identity and variation in salinity and nutrient availability influence the hydraulic conductivity of mangroves. Using a fertilization study of two species in Florida, we found that stem hydraulic conductivity expressed on a leaf area basis (K-leaf) was significantly different among species of differing salinity tolerance, but was not significantly altered by enrichment with limiting nutrients. Reviewing data from two additional sites (Panama and Belize), we found an overall pattern of declining leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (K-leaf) with increasing salinity. Over three sites, a general pattern emerges, indicating that native stem hydraulic conductivity (K-h) and K-leaf are less sensitive to nitrogen (N) fertilization when N limits growth, but more sensitive to phosphorus (P) fertilization when P limits growth. Processes leading to growth enhancement with N fertilization are probably associated with changes in allocation to leaf area and photosynthetic processes, whereas water uptake and transport processes could be more limiting when P limits growth. These findings suggest that whereas salinity and species identity place broad bounds on hydraulic conductivity, the effects of nutrient availability modulate hydraulic conductivity and growth in complex ways. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, Kaiserslautern, Germany. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Ball, Marilyn/D-1180-2009; Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012; Angeles, Guillermo/P-6976-2014; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 127 IS 3 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00723.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 069ES UT WOS:000239429800013 ER PT J AU Pauly, GB Bernal, XE Rand, AS Ryan, MJ AF Pauly, Gregory B. Bernal, Ximena E. Rand, A. Stanley Ryan, Michael J. TI The vocal sac increases call rate in the tungara frog Physalaemus pustulosus SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUND PRODUCTION; VOCALIZATION; LEPTODACTYLIDAE; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; TOADS; BUFO AB In most anurans, the production of advertisement calls is accompanied by the inflation of a vocal sac. Current functions of the vocal sac, however, are not fully understood, although several hypotheses have been proposed. One hypothesis suggests that the vocal sac decreases the intercall interval (i.e., increases call rate) by reinflating the lungs more rapidly than is possible with the buccal pump. We investigate this hypothesis by analyzing audio and video recordings of calling tungara frogs. We compare the first two call bouts emitted by an originally uninflated male. The first call bout requires lung inflation via buccal pumping, but in the second, the male is already inflated because of capture of air and reinflation of the lungs by the vocal sac. Lung inflation to typical field levels requires 26-51 buccal pumps, which takes at least 4.4 s. This estimate is more than 2.5 times the typical intercall interval with lung reinflation via a vocal sac (ca. 1.7s). Evidence from phonotaxis tests demonstrates that these differences in intercall intervals are salient to females and that female Physalaemus pustulosus prefer the shorter intercall interval/higher call rate. Acoustic analyses demonstrate that the first call of bout 1, which requires buccal pumping, is usually shorter, of lower amplitude, and spans a smaller frequency range than the first call of bout 2, which does not require buccal pumping. Because females prefer longer, more intense calls, these results suggest that the vocal sac not only increases call rate but also allows males to produce more calls of increased attractiveness to females. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Pauly, GB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM gbpauly@mail.utexas.edu NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 79 IS 4 BP 708 EP 719 DI 10.1086/504613 PG 12 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 062EJ UT WOS:000238927100004 PM 16826497 ER PT J AU Stein, DL AF Stein, David L. TI New and rare species of snailfishes (Scorpaeniformes : Liparidae) collected during the ICEFISH cruise of 2004 SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB During the ICEFISH cruise of 2004 13 specimens of the fish family Liparidae (Scorpaeniformes) were collected from Burdwood Bank and near South Georgia. These specimens, with the addition of three more from the King Edward Point Laboratory of the British Antarctic Survey, represent nine species. Two of these are new and are described herein: Careproctus stigmatogenus new species and C. maculosus new species; the second specimen of C. minimus Andriashev and Stein is reported and described, specimens of C. georgianus Lonnberg, C. falklandicus (Lonnberg), C. ?pallidus (Vaillant), Paraliparis copei gibbericeps Andriashev, P. gracilis Norman, and P. tetrapteryx Andriashev and Neelov are reported, and live color of C. georgianus, C. falklandicus, and P. tetrapteryx is described and shown. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Stein, DL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.stein@oregonstate.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 705 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s00300-006-0108-7 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059EJ UT WOS:000238715800010 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Further new genus-group names in the Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE leafboppers; Homoptera; Auchenorrhyncha; new genus; sandal spike vector AB New replacement names are proposed for 11 genera or subgenera of leafhoppers in the subfamilies Coelidiinae, Ledrinae, Macropsinae, Scarinae, Typhlocybinae, and Ulopinae: Davduospina for Duospina Davies, Dialodia for Lodia Nielson, Doowella for Woodella Evans, Hobemanella for Bohemanella DeLong & Freytag (subgenus of Polana), Latycephala for Platycephala, Lesinda for Selinda Theron, Lonnia for Nollia Hamilton, Negoneura for Genoneura Dlabola, Olidiana for Lodiana Nielson, Ruana for Urana Coelho & Nessimian (subgenus of Gypona), and Varpulana for Parvulana DeLong & Freytag (subgenus of Polana). The new generic names circumscribe 116 valid species, 93 of which are here proposed in new combinations. Twenty-two of the remainder are in preoccupied scarine subgenera. Lodiana pectinata Yang & Zhang (1995) is preoccupied by L. pectinata Nielson (1982)-the new replacement name Olidiana yangi McKamey is proposed to replace the junior primary homonym. One of the new combinations involves a known vector of phytopathogens, the sandal leafbopper (now Ofidiana indica [Walker]). The spellings of Humpatagallia Linnavuori & Viraktamath (Agalliinae) and Limassolla Dlabola (Typhlocybinae) are fixed as correct. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 502 EP 510 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800002 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Two new species of the neotropical leafhopper genus Caldwelliola Young (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) with a key to males SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cicadellinae; coffee leaf scorch; Xylella; Honduras; Ecuador; Hortensia; Chlorogonalia AB Two new species of Caldwelliola- are described, C. sinuata from Honduras and C trilineata, from Ecuador, bringing the current total valid species in the genus to eleven. A key to males of all-species is presented. The species C bipunctata Nielson and Godoy, 1995, is placed in-synonymy under C lutea Signoret, 1855, n. syn. One species, C caucana, Young' has been implicated- as a likely vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells, which causes the "crespera" disease, coffee leaf scorch, in Colombia and elsewhere, in the Neotropical Region. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 534 EP 542 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800006 ER PT J AU Apple, JL Adamski, D AF Apple, Jennifer L. Adamski, David TI The biology of Chionodes hibiscella (Busck) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae), with descriptions of the immature stages SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Gelechiidae; Hibiscus; larval behavior; Malvaceae; morphology; pupa AB Observations are presented on the life history of Chionodes hibiscella (Busek) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Hibiscus moscheutos L. (Malvaceae) in nontidal freshwater wetlands and intertidal habitats along the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. In the summer, early instar larvae of this bivoltine species are leaf-tiers in young terminal leaves; later instars construct leaf rolls from mature leaves. In the fall, larvae from the second brood feed on the seeds of mature fruits and overwinter in the dried fruit capsule. The morphology of the larva and pupa is illustrated with images from digital day-light photography, scanning electron microscopy, and line drawings. Chaetotaxy of the larva, mouthparts and associated sensilla, claws of the thoracic legs, prolegs of the abdomen, and the anal fork are described. C1 Willamette Univ, Dept Biol, Salem, OR 97301 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Apple, JL (reprint author), Willamette Univ, Dept Biol, 900 State St, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM japple@willamette.edu; dadamski@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 575 EP 582 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800011 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Review of the neotropical leafhopper genus Chlorogonalia (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Cicadellinae), with notes on the genus Caldwelliola SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE Cicadellidae; Xylella fastidiosa; vector; crespera; coffee AB Chlorogonalia Young, 1977, and Caldwelliola Young, 1977, are superficially very similar genera that may not be closely related genera within the tribe Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). Two species, Chlorogonalia ultima Young and Caldwelliola reservata (Fowler), are particularly similar phenotypically and are sympatric in Ecuador (new country record for C reservata). New diagnostic features are given for both genera; two of these features can be assessed in undissected specimens. Caldivelliola tharma (Young) is proposed as a new combination (from Chlorogonalia). Species of both genera are possible vectors of the bacterium Xylella jastidiosa in coffee; Caldwelliola caucana has been directly implicated as a vector of the crespera disease in Colombia. An illustrated key is included to distinguish the four known species of Chlorogonalia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 611 EP 618 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800013 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Tewarius Reinert, a new genus of Aedini (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE mosquito; diptera; Culicidae; Aedini; Tewarius; new genus AB A new genus, Tewarius Reinert, is described in tribe Aedini and the primary diagnostic characters of females, female genitalia, males, male genitalia, pupae, and fourth-instar larvae are provided. Four species are included in the genus: Tewarius agastyai (Tewari and Hiriyan) (type species), Te. nummatus (Edwards), Te. pseudoniniunattis (Reinert), and Te. reubenae (Tewari and Hiriyan). Two species groups are designated, the Agastyai and Nummatus Groups. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jreinert@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800015 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI New combinations in sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Cicadellinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Homoptera; Auchenorrhyncha; Caribovia; taxonomy AB Nine species-group name changes in Cicadellinae are proposed so that all species in the subfamily can be listed in a single classification that is aligned with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Bothrogonia tangmaiana Yang and Li and Mareba panamensis Young are fixed as the correct original spellings. Five new combinations are proposed: Hadria alayoi and H. zayasi (Dlabola and Novoa), Caribovia intensa nigrinervis (Schroder), and Cicadella viridis suffusa (Salmon), and C. intermedia (Rao). The combination Cardioscarta flavifrons transversa Melichar is reinstated. Diedrocephala bimaculata (Gmelin) is reinstated as the valid name for the species of the genus most often cited in literature and collections as D. variegata (Fabricius). C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 672 EP 676 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800020 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI Types and voucher specimens of New World Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Ststemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ststemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 732 EP 733 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800026 ER PT J AU Sharrer, T AF Sharrer, T TI "HeLa" herself SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Sci Med & Soc, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sharrer, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Sci Med & Soc, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM tsharrer@the-scientist.com NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 7 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 057GO UT WOS:000238584500013 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, O TI Revolutionary ('Copernicus Unearthed') SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Letter C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JUL PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 056CM UT WOS:000238498700005 ER PT J AU Su, YN Golub, L Van Ballegooijen, AA Gros, M AF Su, Y. N. Golub, L. Van Ballegooijen, A. A. Gros, M. TI Analysis of magnetic shear in an X17 solar flare on October 28, 2003 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HARD X-RAY; TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; 2-RIBBON FLARE; BURSTS; TRACE; MODEL; RECONNECTION; FOOTPOINTS; EMISSION AB An X17 class (GOES soft X-ray) two-ribbon solar flare on October 28, 2003 is analyzed in order to determine the relationship between the timing of the impulsive phase of the flare and the magnetic shear change in the flaring region. EUV observations made by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) show a clear decrease in the shear of the flare footpoints during the flare. The shear change stopped in the middle of the impulsive phase. The observations are interpreted in terms of the splitting of the sheared envelope field of the greatly sheared core rope during the early phase of the flare. We have also investigated the temporal correlation between the EUV emission from the brightenings observed by TRACE and the hard X-ray (HXR) emission (E > 150 keV) observed by the anticoincidence system (ACS) of the spectrometer SPI on board the ESA INTEGRAL satellite. The correlation between these two emissions is very good, and the HXR sources (RHESSI) late in the flare are located within the two EUV ribbons. These observations are favorable to the explanation that the EUV brightenings mainly result from direct bombardment of the atmosphere by the energetic particles accelerated at the reconnection site, as does the HXR emission. However, if there is a high temperature (T > 20 MK) HXR source close to the loop top, a contribution of thermal conduction to the EUV brightenings cannot be ruled out. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Su, YN (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ynsu@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Su, Yingna/J-1674-2012; OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 236 IS 2 BP 325 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-0039-z PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 065FW UT WOS:000239146100008 ER PT J AU De-Nova, JA Sosa, V Wurdack, KJ AF De-Nova, Jose Arturo Sosa, Victoria Wurdack, Kenneth J. TI Phylogenetic relationships and the description of a new species of Enriquebeltrania (Euphorbiaceae s.s.): An enigmatic genus endemic to Mexico SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Adelia; Adelieae; Enriquebeltrania; Euphorbiaceae ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ACALYPHOIDEAE EUPHORBIACEAE; POLLEN MORPHOLOGY; EXINE STRUCTURE; PLASTID RBCL; PRO PARTE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SYSTEMATICS; CLASSIFICATION AB Enriquebeltrania, a genus of trees and shrubs endemic to Mexico, traditionally has been included in Euphorbiaceae (tribe Adelieae, subfamily Acalyphoideae). It was previously thought to be monotypic with a disjunct distribution on the Yucatan Peninsula and along the Pacific coast in Jalisco and Sinaloa. There is some question about whether Enriquebeltrania should be treated as distinct from Adelia. Morphological and molecular characters (trnL-F spacer and rbcL DNA sequences) were utilized in phylogenetic analyses to determine if Enriquebeltrania belongs to the tribe Adelieae, to test whether it should be recognized as a genus separate from Adelia, and to determine the number of species that should be recognized. Results indicate that Enriquebeltrania does not belong to tribe Adelieae, that it should be recognized as a genus separate from Adelia, and that it consists of two species. The second species, Enriquebeltrania disjuncta, is named and described here. C1 Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, NMNH, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, NMNH, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sosa, V (reprint author), Inst Ecol, AC Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. EM victoria@ecologia.edu.mx RI Sosa, Victoria/A-5798-2013; de Nova Vazquez, Jose Arturo/A-3131-2015 OI Sosa, Victoria/0000-0002-0584-1672; de Nova Vazquez, Jose Arturo/0000-0002-1989-1355 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 533 EP 546 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 084ZR UT WOS:000240573400010 ER EF