FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Zuckerman, MK Garofalo, EM Ortner, DJ AF Zuckerman, M. K. Garofalo, E. M. Ortner, D. J. TI Anemia or scurvy: distinguishing the etiology of porotic hyperostosis via differential cranial vault thickness in juvenile humans. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Func Anat & Evolut, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Phys Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2007 SU 44 BP 256 EP 256 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 142NK UT WOS:000244656500851 ER PT J AU Post, JE Bish, DL Heaney, PJ AF Post, Jeffrey E. Bish, David L. Heaney, Peter J. TI Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydration behavior of sepiolite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE sepiolite; Rietveld; synchrotron; powder diffraction ID CRYSTAL; PALYGORSKITE; REFINEMENT AB Rietveld refinements using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data were used to study the crystal structure and dehydration behavior of sepiolite from Durango, Mexico. The room-temperature (RT) sepiolite structure in air compares well with previous models but reveals an additional zeolitic H2O site. The RT structure under vacuum retained only similar to 1/8 of the zeolitic H2O and the volume decreased by 1.3%. Real-time, temperature-resolved synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld refinements were used to investigate the behavior of the sepiolite structure from 300 to 925 K. Rietveld refinements revealed that most of the zeolitic H2O is lost by similar to 390 K, accompanied by a decrease in the a and c unit-cell parameters. Above similar to 600 K the sepiolite structure folds as one-half of the crystallographically bound H2O is lost. Rietveld refinements of the "anhydrous" sepiolite structure reveal that. in general, unit-cell parameters a and b and volume steadily decrease with increasing temperature; there is an obvious change in slope at similar to 820 K suggesting a phase transformation coinciding with the loss of the remaining bound H2O molecule. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Post, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM postj@si.edu NR 27 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 13 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2134 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 127UE UT WOS:000243611000010 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, JM Jackson, JBC AF Pandolfi, John M. Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI The role of algae SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Pandolfi, JM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116ZL UT WOS:000242842200005 ER PT J AU Peer, BD Rothstein, SI Delaney, KS Fleischer, RC AF Peer, Brian D. Rothstein, Stephen I. Delaney, Kathleen S. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Defence behaviour against brood parasitism is deeply rooted in mainland and island scrub-jays SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE Aphelocoma californica; Aphelocoma coendescens; Aphelocoma insularis; brood parasitism; egg ejection; Florida scrub-jay; host defence; island scrub-jay; molecular clock; western scrub-jay ID HOST COEVOLUTION; EGG RECOGNITION; COWBIRD PARASITISM; CUCKOO EGGS; CLUTCH CHARACTERISTICS; REJECTION BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTIONARY RATES; APHELOCOMA JAYS; REED WARBLERS; COMMON CUCKOO AB When selection pressures for an adaptation relax, the trait may decline, or it may be maintained if there are no fitness costs. The interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts are dynamic, with selection pressures changing as host or parasite ranges shift, or as parasites switch to new hosts once old hosts evolve defences. The extent to which hosts retain defences in the absence of parasites has important consequences to parasite-host coevolution. We tested whether island scrub-jays, Aphelocoma insularis, and western scrub-jays, A. californica, have maintained egg ejection behaviour in the absence of brood parasitism and provide an estimate of how long they have maintained ejection. Island scrub-jays and western scrub-jays ejected 100% of foreign eggs placed into their nests, and genetic analyses revealed no evidence of conspecific brood parasitism that could maintain ejection. Extreme variation in intraclutch egg appearance may result in hosts ejecting their own oddly coloured eggs, which would select against the maintenance of ejection. However, island, western and Florida scrub-jays, A. coerulescens, also an ejecter, showed less variation than the common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula, a species that has an extremely high level of intraclutch egg variation and may have lost its rejection defence, because it rejects its own oddly coloured eggs. Based on molecular clock analyses of mitochondrial DNA control region and ND2 sequences, island and western scrub-jays split approximately 140 000-151000 years ago, western and Florida scrub-jays 1000 000 years ago, and island and Florida scrub-jays 1250 000 years ago. Ejection behaviour may have been maintained this long in the absence of parasitism, but it is possible that scrub-jays were parasitized as recently as the end of the Pleistocene 10 000 years ago, when cowbirds were more abundant. Nevertheless, these results indicate that (1) egg ejection is not a costly trait to maintain in scrub-jays, (2) brood parasites may not be able to alternate between well-defended hosts and hosts that have lost ejection defence following past episodes of parasitism and (3) brood parasites may have to deal with host communities that have well-developed defences by evolving specialized adaptations for a single host species or a small set of species. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Aninial Behaviour Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Peer, BD (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM bd-peer@wiu.edu NR 77 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.06.005 PN 1 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 129NA UT WOS:000243735000006 ER PT J AU Logue, DM AF Logue, David M. TI How do they duet? Sexually dimorphic behavioural mechanisms structure duet songs in the black-bellied wren SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE behavioural mechanisms; black-bellied wren; cooperative territory defence; duet code; individual recognition; mapping function; Pheugopedius fasciatoventris; signal structure; Thryothorus fasciatoventris; vocal communication ID SLATE-COLORED BOUBOU; PSOPHODES-OLIVACEUS; LANIARIUS-FUNEBRIS; EASTERN WHIPBIRD; REPERTOIRE; COOPERATION; MAGPIE; PARTS; BIRD AB In many bird species, pairmates sing together, forming duet songs. Studies on duetting songbirds consistently report nonrandom associations between the male and female song types that constitute duet songs. Previous research has demonstrated that when female black-bellied wrens, Thryothorus fasciatoventris, answer male song to form a duet, they abide by individually specific, temporally stable duet codes linking discrete acoustic stimuli (male song types) to discrete vocal responses (female song types). The present study builds on this finding with the goal of understanding the behavioural mechanisms in both males and females that result in nonrandom song type associations. I recorded duets from free-living pairs, and isolated four transitions from male song type to female song type in the duets of each pair. These transitions served as predicted links in the females' duet codes. The male and female song types from the transitions were played to the pair from which they had been recorded. Both males and females 'duetted' with playbacks of their mates' songs. Females' answers adhered very closely to the predictions, supporting previous findings. Mates also answered according to the predictions at a level exceeding chance, demonstrating that they abide by the same duet codes as do their mates. Stimulus type was a strong predictor of response type in females, but a relatively weak predictor of response type in males. When presented with chimerical male song stimuli, females typically answered with one of the predicted responses for the songs composing the chimera. The song fragments constituting the beginning and end of chimerical stimuli were equally influential in determining female responses, but longer fragments were more influential than shorter fragments. Overall, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that answering according to a unique duet code communicates the singer's identity to the mate, facilitating cooperative defence of the pair's shared resources. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Logue, DM (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol, 4401 Univ Dr, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM david.logue@uleth.ca NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.011 PN 1 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 129NA UT WOS:000243735000011 ER PT J AU Chiver, I Morton, ES Stutchbury, BJM AF Chiver, Ioana Morton, Eugene S. Stutchbury, Bridget J. M. TI Incubation delays territory defence by male blue-headed vireos, Vireo solitarius SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE biparental care; blue-headed vireo; cooperation; genetic monogamy; incubation and territory defence; sex-role convergence; simulated territorial intrusion; Vireo solitarius ID MALE PARENTAL CARE; PATERNAL CARE; GENETIC MONOGAMY; BIPARENTAL CARE; SONG; TESTOSTERONE; FISH; SPARROWS; FEMALE; ROLES AB Animals often face trade-offs during reproduction between activities such as parental care and territory defence. In species that are socially monogamous, males and females are faced with the additional problem of coordinating their respective contributions to such activities. Here, we examined male incubation behaviour in a passerine that shows genetic monogamy and in which males incubate extensively. Male incubation is rare in North American passerines and little is known about how males defend their territories during the incubation stage and whether females compensate for lower male incubation during territorial intrusions. Blue-headed vireo males contribute 50% of incubation time during the day. We performed playbacks to simulate intrusions to males while they were on the nest and off the nest during the incubation period. On average, males took 18 min to arrive at the playback location while on the nest incubating, but took less than 2 min when not incubating. In addition, only 44% of the males sang while on the nest, whereas all males sang in response to the playback when off the nest. This result suggests that males probably delay territory defence until females return to the nest to avoid exposing the nest to predators. Females returned to the nest to relieve their mates from incubation duties sooner during experimental intrusions than during control periods, which also allowed males to pursue intruders sooner. Genetic monogamy may underlie this apparent cooperation and the sex-role convergence exemplified in this species. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 York Univ, Dept Biol, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Smithsonian Inst Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Chiver, I (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St,203F Lumbers, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM ichiver@yorku.ca NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.06.001 PN 1 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 129NA UT WOS:000243735000015 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Zatwarnicki, T AF Mathis, Waym N. Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz TI A revision of the species of the genus Dichaeta Meigen (Diptera : Ephydridae) SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI LA English DT Article DE Dichaeta; Notiphilini; Ephydridae; shore flies; phylogeny ID IMMATURE STAGES; BIOLOGY; NOTIPHILA; INSECTS; FLIES AB The species of the genus Dichaeta Meigen are revised, including a phylogenetic analysis of the five recognized species. Two new species are described (type locality in parenthesis): D. wirthi (New Jersey. Ocean: Forked River (39 degrees 50.1'N, 74 degrees 11.8'W)) and D. zacki (Idaho. Boundary: Perkins Lake (48 degrees 45.4'N, 116 degrees 05.5'W)). The identity of N. transversa Walker, which had been a nomen dubium, is established and is discovered to be conspecific with D. ussurica Krivosheina, the latter thus being a junior synonym. Dichaeta choui Fan, described from specimens collected in China, is recognized as a junior synonym of D. caudata. In the phylogenetic analysis, the tribe Notiphilini is found to be a well-established, well-corroborated, nionophyletic lineage comprising two genera, Dichaeta and Noliphila Fallen. Dichaeta is found to be the sister group to Notiphila sensu lato and is accorded generic status, which is a reversion to its former placement when first described. All known species are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. Detailed locality data and distribution maps for the Nearctic Region are provided. A lectotype is designated for Notiphila transversa Walker. C1 [Mathis, Waym N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz] Opole Univ, Dept Systemat, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 370121,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu; zatwar@uni.opole.pl OI Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz/0000-0003-2163-0143 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY WILCZA 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0003-4541 J9 ANN ZOOL JI Ann. Zool. PY 2007 VL 57 IS 4 BP 783 EP 822 PG 40 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 248WG UT WOS:000252187300010 ER PT J AU Warner, DJ AF Warner, Deborah Jean TI How sweet it is: Sugar, science, and the state SO ANNALS OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID STANDARDS; HISTORY AB Americans import large amounts of sugar, levy a stiff tariff on it, and base this tariff on the saccharine content of each sample, and thus the assessment of sugar quality for tax purposes was enormously important. It was also among the most difficult challenges of a scientific or technical nature facing the federal government in the nineteenth century, and the issues it raised would often recur as science-based quality control became an essential feature of industry. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Warner, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM warnerd@si.edu NR 184 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-3790 J9 ANN SCI JI Ann. Sci. PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 147 EP 170 DI 10.1080/00033790601098020 PG 24 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 167HX UT WOS:000246443500001 ER PT J AU Peterson, PM Vega, IS AF Peterson, Paul M. Vega, Isidoro Sanchez TI Eragrostis (Poaceae : Chloridoideae : Eragrostideae : Eragrostidinae) of Peru SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article DE Chloridoideae; Eragrostideae; Eragrostidinae; Eragrostis; Gramineae; Peru; Poaceae ID CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; GRASSES; CLASSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; GRAMINEAE; REVISION; NAMES AB A taxonomic treatment of Eragrostis Wolf for Peru is given. Twenty-three species and three subspecies of Eragrostis are recognized in the study area. Fifteen species of Eragrostis are native to Peru, and eight are adventive or introduced. Eragrostis attenuala Hitchc., E. pilgeri Fedde, and F. magna Hitchc. are endemic to Peru. Eragrostis lurida subsp. contracta (Pilg.) P. M. Peterson & Sanchez Vega, native to Ecuador and Peru, and E. pilgeri subsp. ancashensis (P. M. Peterson, Refulio & Tovar) P.. M. Peterson & Sanchez Vega, native to Peru, are new combinations. Keys for determining the species, descriptions, distributions, specimens studied, illustrations, synonymies, and a brief discussion of caryopsis morphology for all native and adventive species of Eragrostis in Peru are provided. The names E. andicola R. E. Fr., E. contracta Pilg., E. tristis Jedwabn., and Poa mexicana Hornem. are lectotypified. C1 [Peterson, Paul M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Vega, Isidoro Sanchez] Univ Nacl Cajamarca, Herbario CPUN, Dept Biol, Cajamarca, Peru. RP Peterson, PM (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM peterson@si.edu NR 69 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2007 VL 94 IS 4 BP 745 EP 790 DI 10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[745:EPCEEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 46 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 242VJ UT WOS:000251754000003 ER PT J AU Soreng, RJ Gillespie, LJ AF Soreng, Robert J. Gillespie, Lynn J. TI Nicoraepoa (Poaceae, Poeae), a new South American genus based on Poa subg. Andinae, and emendation of Poa sect. Parodiochloa of the sub-antarctic Islands SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article DE Austrofestuca; Bellardiochloa; Festucella; Hookerochloa; Nicoraepoa; Parodiochloa; Poa; Poaceae; Poinae; Tzvelevia ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GRASSES AB Poa subg. Andinae Nicora (Poaceae, tribe Poeae) is raised to the rank of genus, here renamed as Nicoraepoa Soreng & L. J. Gillespie. Six specific and one infraspecific combinations are made: N. andina (Trin.) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, N. chonotica (Phil.) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, A erinacea (Speg.) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, N. pagionifolia (Speg.) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, N. robusta (Steud.) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, N. subenervis (Hack.) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, and N. subenervis subsp. spegazziniana (Nicora) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie. Lectotypes are designated for N. pugionifolia and N. subenervis. Taxonomy and nomenclature of similar Southern Hemisphere island species of Poa L. and other related genera are discussed. Poa sect. Parodiochloa (C. E. Hubb.) Soreng is emended to include, in addition to P. flabellata (Lam.) Raspail, P. cookii (Hook. f.) Hook. I., P. foliosa (Hook. f.) Hook. L, P. hamiltoni Kirk, P. ramosissiam Hook. f., and P. tennantiana Petrie. The one species of Tzvelevia E. B. Alexeev is reunited with Poa, and the genus is transferred to Poa sect. Tzvelevia (E. B. Alexeev) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie. Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Nicoraepoa, Poa sect. Parodiochloa, and similar genera in Poinae are compared. Leaf blade morphology and anatomy were found to be particularly useful in characterizing Nicoraepoa and related taxa. A key is provided to distinguish Nicoraepoa, Poa sect. Parodiochloa, and morphologically similar perennial genera of Poinae. C1 [Soreng, Robert J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gillespie, Lynn J.] Canadian Museum Nat, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. RP Soreng, RJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM sorengr@si.edu; lgillespie@mus-nature.ca NR 38 TC 11 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2007 VL 94 IS 4 BP 821 EP 849 DI 10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[821:NPPANS]2.0.CO;2 PG 29 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 242VJ UT WOS:000251754000005 ER PT S AU McNamara, BR Nulsen, PEJ AF McNamara, B. R. Nulsen, P. E. J. TI Heating hot atmospheres with active galactic nuclei SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE active galactic nuclei; cooling flows; galaxy clusters; radio galaxies; X-ray emission ID COOLING-FLOW CLUSTERS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; H-ALPHA FILAMENTS; HYDRA-A CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; PERSEUS CLUSTER AB High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the hot gas in galaxy clusters has shown that the gas is not cooling to low temperatures at the predicted rates of hundreds to thousands of solar masses per year. X-ray images have revealed giant cavities and shock fronts in the hot gas that provide a direct and relatively reliable means of measuring the energy injected into hot atmospheres by active galactic nuclei (AGN). Average radio jet powers are near those required to offset radiative losses and to suppress cooling in isolated giant elliptical galaxies, and in larger systems up to the richest galaxy clusters. This coincidence suggests that hearing and cooling are coupled by feedback, which suppresses star formation and the growth of luminous galaxies. How jet energy is converted to heat and the degree to which other hearing mechanisms are contributing, e.g., thermal conduction, are not well understood. Outburst energies require substantial late growth of supermassive black holes. Unless all of the similar to 10(62) erg required to suppress star formation is deposited in the cooling regions ofclusters, AGN outbursts must alter large-scale properties of the intracluster medium. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Ohio Univ, Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McNamara, BR (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM mcnamara@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca; pnulsen@cfa.harvard.edu NR 245 TC 606 Z9 607 U1 3 U2 18 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4146 BN 978-0-8243-0945-9 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2007 VL 45 BP 117 EP 175 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110625 PG 59 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222QL UT WOS:000250311900005 ER PT J AU Watters, TR McGovern, PJ Irwin, RP AF Watters, Thomas R. McGovern, Patrick J. Irwin, Rossman P., III TI Hemispheres apart: The crustal dichotomy on Mars SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE geology; topography; gravity; crustal thickness; tectonics ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NORTHERN PLAINS; EARLY DIFFERENTIATION; CUMULATE OVERTURN; MARTIAN DICHOTOMY; THRUST FAULTS; LOBATE SCARPS; GRAVITY-FIELD; GIANT IMPACT AB The hemispheric dichotomy is a fundamental feature of Mars, expressed by a physiographic and geologic divide between the heavily cratered southern highlands and the relatively smooth plains of the northern lowlands. The origin of the dichotomy, which may have set the course for most of the subsequent geologic evolution of Mars, remains unclear. Internally driven models for the dichotomy form the lowlands by mantle convection, plate tectonics, or early mantle overturn. Externally driven models invoke one giant impact or multiple impacts. Areal densities of buried basins, expressed by quasicircular depressions and subsurface echoes in radar sounding data, suggest that the dichotomy formed early in the geologic evolution of Mars. Tectonic features along the dichotomy boundary suggest late-stage modification by flexure or relaxation of the highlands after volcar c resurfacing of the northern lowlands. Subsequent deposition and erosion by fluvial, aeolian,and glacial processes shaped the present-day dichotomy boundary. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Watters, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM watterst@si.edu OI McGovern, Patrick/0000-0001-9647-3096 NR 100 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2007 VL 35 BP 621 EP 652 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140220 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 175KM UT WOS:000247012500020 ER PT J AU Pavlin, T Wang, R McGorty, R Rosen, MS Cory, DG Candela, D Mair, RW Walsworth, RL AF Pavlin, T. Wang, R. McGorty, R. Rosen, M. S. Cory, D. G. Candela, D. Mair, R. W. Walsworth, R. L. TI Noninvasive measurements of gas exchange in a three-dimensional fluidized bed by hyperpolarized Xe-129 NMR SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPHASE MASS-TRANSFER; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EMULSION PHASES; RELAXATION-TIMES; BUBBLE; ADSORPTION; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL; FLOW AB We present a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that provides a non-invasive, direct measurement of gas exchange in a three-dimensional gas-fluidized bed of solid particles. The NMR spectrum of hyperpolarized Xe-129 gas in an Al2O3 particle bed displays three resolved peaks corresponding to xenon in bubbles, the interstitial spaces (emulsion), and adsorbed on particles. Modified NMR exchange and saturation recovery sequences, together with data analysis based on an exchange-coupled set of Bloch equations, yield gas exchange rate constants between the emulsion and adsorbed phases, and between the bubble and emulsion phases. The results are in approximate agreement with previously unverified predictions from well-known models of fluidized bed behavior. Incorporation of NMR imaging methodologies would straightforwardly allow similar measurements on a spatially resolved basis. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mair, RW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 59,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rmair@cfa.harvard.edu NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00723-007-0002-7 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 208KZ UT WOS:000249319500008 ER PT B AU France, FG AF France, Fenella G. GP SIS&T TI Paper: Managing digital image repositories as key tools in the preservation of cultural objects SO Archiving 2007, Final Program and Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IS&T Archiving Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2007 CL Arlington, VA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, ALA ALCTS Assoc Lib Collect & Tech Serv, CNI, DLF, DPC, ECPA, ISCC, MCN, OCLC, SAA AB A number of preservation efforts are currently under way to develop standardized digital repositories of images and information about cultural objects. At opposite ends of the size spectrum are the Fiber Reference Imaging Library and the World Trade Center Archive digital repositories. Both contain images on fragile objects, both in terms of structural integrity and vulnerability from exposure to uncontrolled environments. At the micro level, to address the needs of textile conservation and research efforts worldwide, the textile community has begun planning for the establishment of a digital repository of textile fibers, for search, access and retrieval by textile conservationists and scientists worldwide. With standardized metadata elements based on the Dublin Core metadata elements; this repository can provide important artifact information for a range of microscopic textile fibers. At the extreme macro level, the 9/11 archive includes an image and information repository of rusting steel columns, large complex composite structures, crushed vehicles, and the Last Column, the final steel support column with large amounts of ephemera attached, such as paper memorabilia, photos, and personal items. These digital repositories of cultural objects pose many digital management challenges, including: Metadata, content and rights management, access and retrieval. C1 Smithsonian Inst, NMAH, Star Spangled Banner Project, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 978-0-89208-270-4 PY 2007 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Information Science & Library Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Information Science & Library Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGX58 UT WOS:000251160200028 ER PT B AU Grier, JD Plummer, D AF Grier, John D., Jr. Plummer, David BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Chandra automatic processing task interface: An adaptable system architecture SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The Chandra Automatic Processing Task Interface (CAPTAIN) is an operations interface to Chandra Automatic Processing (AP) that provides detail management and execution of the AP pipelines. In particular, this kind of management is used in Special Automatic Processing (SAP) where there is a need to select specific pipelines that require non-standard handling for reprocessing of a given data set. Standard AP currently contains approximately 200 pipelines with complex interactions between them. As AP ha's evolved over the life of the mission, so has the number and attributes of these pipelines. As a result, CAPTAIN provides a system architecture capable of managing and adapting to this evolving system. This adaptability has allowed CAPTAIN to also be used to initiate Chandra Source Catalog Automatic Processing (Level 3 AP) and positions it for use with future automatic processing systems. This paper describes the approach to the development of the CAPTAIN system architecture and the maintainable, extensible and reusable software architecture by which it is implemented. C1 [Grier, John D., Jr.; Plummer, David] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grier, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600026 ER PT B AU Fabbiano, G Evans, I Evans, J Glotfelty, K Hain, R McCollough, M Primini, F Rots, A Calderwood, T Doe, S Grier, J Harbo, P Karovska, M McDowell, J Plummer, D Paton, L Tibbetts, M Van Stone, D Zografou, P AF Fabbiano, G. Evans, I. Evans, J. Glotfelty, K. Hain, R. McCollough, M. Primini, F. Rots, A. Calderwood, T. Doe, S. Grier, J. Harbo, P. Karovska, M. McDowell, J. Plummer, D. Paton, L. Tibbetts, M. Van Stone, D. Zografou, P. BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI The Chandra source Catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) has undertaken the production of the Chandra Source Catalog, a data-mining project that makes use of the continuously growing Chandra public archive. The distinguishing characteristic of Chandra, the NASA Great Observatory for exploring the universe in the X-rays, is its sub-arcsecond resolution, which provides the most sensitive and detailed view of the similar to(0.3-7) keV sky presently attainable. The Catalog will characterize the X-ray sky at high resolution and with accurate astrometry, making use of all the imaging Chandra data. It will provide a uniform reduction of the Chandra archive, that will be a major interface for the Virtual Observatory; will be continuously updated as more data enters the public domain during the on-going Chandra mission; and will enable a dynamic interaction to produce user-configured views with on-the-fly analysis work-flows. In this paper we describe the Catalog, and the software and hardware needed for its realization. C1 Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fabbiano, G (reprint author), Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600032 ER PT B AU Mink, DJ Wyatt, WF Caldwell, N Conroy, MA Furesz, G Tokarz, SP AF Mink, Douglas J. Wyatt, William F. Caldwell, Nelson Conroy, Maureen A. Furesz, Gabor Tokarz, Susan P. BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Automating reduction of multifiber spectra from the MMT Hectospec and Hectochelle SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ ID SPECTROGRAPH AB Hectospec, the MMT's low resolution, 300 fiber spectrograph, posed some interesting and unique problems for reduction software development. To address these issues as well as the usual ones encountered in a multifiber spectrograph, we built a semi-automatic reduction pipeline, SPECROAD, using host IRAF CL scripting. The pipeline is based on existing IRAF tasks, modified when necessary, with some locally-developed procedures added. For quality control purposes, some human interaction was kept in the process. The pipeline takes raw data and produces one-dimensional, wavelength calibrated, sky subtracted, and velocity correlated spectra that are automatically distributed to their owners and added to a database. We are currently developing a pipeline for the 240-fiber Hectochelle high-dispersion spectrograph and we will discuss the additional issues which have complicated its data reduction. C1 [Mink, Douglas J.; Wyatt, William F.; Caldwell, Nelson; Conroy, Maureen A.; Furesz, Gabor; Tokarz, Susan P.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mink, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600049 ER PT B AU Dave, R Protopapas, P Lehner, M AF Dave, Rahul Protopapas, Pavlos Lehner, Matthew BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Virtual astronomical pipelines SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The sheer magnitude of databases and data rates in new surveys makes it hard to develop pipelines to enable both the analysis of data and the federation of these databases for correlation and followup. There is thus a compelling need to facilitate the creation and management of dynamic workflow pipelines that enable correlating data between separate, parallel streams; changing the workflow in response to an event; using the NVO to obtain additional needed information from databases, and modifying the observing program of a primary survey to follow-up a transient or moving object. This paper describes such a Virtual Astronomical Pipeline (VAP) system which is running in the TAOS project. The software enables components in the pipeline to react to events encapsulated in XML messages, modifying and subsequently routing these messages to multiple other components. This architecture allows for the bootstrapping of components individually in the development process and for dynamic reconfiguration of the pipeline as a response to external and internal events. The software will be extended for future work in combining the results of surveys and followups into a global virtual pipeline. C1 [Dave, Rahul] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Protopapas, Pavlos; Lehner, Matthew] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dave, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU Keck Foundation FX We are grateful to the Keck Foundation for their support under the aegis of the CUSP project. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 253 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600050 ER PT B AU Zografou, P Harbo, P Tibbetts, M Van Stone, D AF Zografou, P. Harbo, P. Tibbetts, M. Van Stone, D. BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Chandra data archive support for the Chandra source Catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The Chandra Data Archive is being extended to include the Chandra Source Catalog (Fabbiano 2007), consisting of a list of sources with their properties and their associated data products. The system supports periodic catalog releases as well as an evolving catalog with snapshots for any point in time. Catalog entries are associated with their corresponding observation-level data which can be accessed through catalog searches. In this paper we present how the existing archive architecture accommodates the new requirements for catalog storage, searches, interface with the processing pipelines, and access by external users. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zografou, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 327 EP 330 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600068 ER PT B AU Evans, IN Graessle, DE He, XH Glotfelty, KJ AF Evans, Ian N. Graessle, Dale E. He, X. Helen Glotfelty, Kenny J. BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI An enhanced multi-mission calibration database for high energy astrophysics SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The instrumentation in use on the current generation of high energy astrophysics missions, such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), is considerably more sophisticated than that of the preceding decades. The complexity of the resultant calibration data products requires an indexing strategy that is not ideally matched to the relatively rigid structure of the standard high energy astrophysics calibration database (CalDB). We have developed an enhanced design for the CalDB that generalizes the current structure and provides much greater flexibility in supporting sophisticated instrument models, while providing backwards compatibility. Development of mission-independent analysis software is enhanced by providing a mechanism for software to structurally query the CalDB to ascertain the set of query parameters needed to completely identify a specific calibration data product. C1 [Evans, Ian N.; Graessle, Dale E.; He, X. Helen; Glotfelty, Kenny J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Evans, IN (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU CalDB; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS 8-03060] FX Support for development of the enhanced CalDB is provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract NAS 8-03060. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 335 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600070 ER PT B AU Accomazzi, A Eichhorn, G Rots, A AF Accomazzi, Alberto Eichhorn, Guenther Rots, Arnold BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Closing the loop: Linking datasets to publications and back SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB With the mainstream adoption of references to datasets in astronomical manuscripts, researchers today are able to provide direct links from their papers to the original data that were used in their study. Following a process similar to the verification of references in manuscripts, publishers have been working with the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) to validate and maintain links to these datasets. Similarly, many astronomical data centers have been tracking publications based on the observations that they archive, and have been working with the ADS to maintain links between their datasets and the bibliographic records in question. In addition to providing a valuable service to ADS users, maintaining these correlations allows the data centers to evaluate the scientific impact of their missions. Until recently these two activities have evolved in parallel on independent tracks, with ADS playing a central role in bridging the connection between publishers and data centers. However, the ADS is now implementing the capability for all parties involved to find out which data links have been published with which manuscripts, and vice versa. This will allow data centers to harvest the ADS periodically to find out if there are new papers that reference datasets from their archives. In this paper we summarize the state of the dataset linking project and describe the new harvesting interface. C1 [Accomazzi, Alberto; Eichhorn, Guenther; Rots, Arnold] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Accomazzi, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978 FU NASA [NNG06GG68G, NAS 8-03060] FX The ADS is funded by NASA Grant NNG06GG68G. The Chandra X-Ray Center is funded by NASA Grant NAS 8-03060. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 467 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600099 ER PT B AU Cresitello-Dittmar, M Burke, D Doe, S Evans, I Evans, J Germain, G Lyn, J AF Cresitello-Dittmar, Mark Burke, Doug Doe, Stephen Evans, Ian Evans, Janet Germain, Gregg Lyn, Janine BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Crates: High-level I/O interface for scripting languages SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB Crates is a new software package being developed by the Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) to provide a high level I/O interface for use within various scripting environments. It consists of a set of classes and methods which allow a user to easily access and manipulate general data files as well as specialized classes for specific data products (PHA Type I & II, RMF, ARF, etc.). CRATES also provides convenient access to metadata information, such as WCS transforms and DM subspace information which may be associated with a table column or image. The core library is written in C++ and utilizes the CXC Data-Model (DM) library, which provides I/O support for the Chandra Data Analysis software, and is designed to be extensible to multiple scripting environments. We provide a set of Python wrappers and functionality from within the SLang environment via PySL. The interface has a common look and feel with the CIAO application packages Sherpa, a general purpose fitting and modeling application, and ChIPS, the Chandra Imaging and Plotting System. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cresitello-Dittmar, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600111 ER PT B AU Doe, S Nguyen, D Stawarz, C Refsdal, B Siemiginowska, A Burke, D Evans, I Evans, J McDowell, J Houck, J Nowak, M AF Doe, S. Nguyen, D. Stawarz, C. Refsdal, B. Siemiginowska, A. Burke, D. Evans, I. Evans, J. McDowell, J. Houck, J. Nowak, M. BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Developing Sherpa with Python SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB Sherpa is the general purpose fitting and modeling application for CIAO, the Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations system. We have modified the original design and implemented a new version in Python. This version will be part of the upcoming CIAO4.0 release. We have previously presented a modular, flexible design for CIAO4.0 with the goal of packaging many models, fitting methods and statistics for analysis of astronomical data. The new design promised to be more robust than the previous Sherpa, and more easily extensible with user-written scripts. (We already see some sign of this, in that there were 50,000 lines of code in the CIAO3.0 implementation; with our new, cleaner design, implemented in Python, only half that number of lines were required.) We present the latest updates to our design, and our progress developing Sherpa. A major feature of this work has been the use of Python to implement the data structures from our design. Each part of Sherpa-models, fitting methods, statistics, and so on-has been implemented as a Python module. We have also developed application code to bind together data, models, statistics, and fitting methods for performing fits to data, as well as a high-level UI that makes it simple for users to read in data, define models, and perform fits. Working in Python has been a great aid in speeding development of Sherpa. We expect that Python will also simplify extending and maintaining the Sherpa code base, as well as making it possible to interoperate with other Python-based astronomy packages. To make Sherpa fully accessible to S-Lang users, we use PySL, a new package that is an interface between Python and S-Lang. Users are now able to import other Python or S-Lang modules to extend Sherpa; in addition, users may write and use scripts of their own, written in either Python or S-Lang. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Doe, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600117 ER PT B AU Budavari, T Dobos, L Szalay, AS Greene, G Gray, J Rots, AH AF Budavari, Tamas Dobos, Laszlo Szalay, Alex S. Greene, Gretchen Gray, Jim Rots, Arnold H. BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Footprint services for everyone SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB We present high-level user and web services for dealing with astronomical survey geometry of arbitrary size and complexity. Based on our high-performance spherical library, we built an on-line public repository of footprints pre-loaded with the coverage of some of the most widely used datasets today including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and the Hubble Space Telescope exposures. We publish a web-based toolkit that enables advanced spatial searches for regions of interest on the sky, Boolean operations on selected footprints (union, intersection), on-the-fly visualization, and exact area computation. We also provide an easy-to-use interactive footprint editor, as well as a simple upload facility. The results of the searches and region manipulations can be saved and published on the footprint server or downloaded in various formats, including ASCII and the VO-compliant Space-Time Coordinate (STC) region representation. C1 [Budavari, Tamas; Szalay, Alex S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dobos, Laszlo] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Complex Syst, H-1364 Budapest, Hungary. [Greene, Gretchen] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Boltimore, MD USA. [Gray, Jim] Microsoft Res, eSci Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. [Rots, Arnold H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Budavari, T (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 559 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600121 ER PT B AU Refsdal, B Germain, G Burke, D Doe, S Evans, I Evans, J McDowell, J McLaughlin, W Milaszewski, R Miller, J Nguyen, D Stawarz, C Siemiginowska, A Houck, J Nowak, M AF Refsdal, Brian Germain, Gregg Burke, Douglas Doe, Stephen Evans, Ian Evans, Janet McDowell, Jonathan McLaughlin, Warren Milaszewski, Robert Miller, Joseph Nguyen, Dan Stawarz, Christopher Siemiginowska, Aneta Houck, John Nowak, Michael BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI CIAO 4 preview: Sherpa and ChIPS demo SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB Two prominent applications in the Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations (CIAO) software package are Sherpa, a general purpose fitting and modeling application, and ChIPS, the Chandra Imaging and Plotting System. We demonstrate new versions of both applications, which will be part of the upcoming CIAO 4.0 release and also be available as standalone packages independent of CIAO. C1 [Refsdal, Brian; Germain, Gregg; Burke, Douglas; Doe, Stephen; Evans, Ian; Evans, Janet; McDowell, Jonathan; McLaughlin, Warren; Milaszewski, Robert; Miller, Joseph; Nguyen, Dan; Stawarz, Christopher; Siemiginowska, Aneta] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Houck, John; Nowak, Michael] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Refsdal, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 711 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600159 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Holman, MJ Fuentes, CI AF Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. Fuentes, Cesar I. TI The transit light curve project. II. Two transits of the exoplanet OGLE-TR-111b SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (OGLE-TR-111); techniques : photometric ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; HOT-JUPITERS; ATMOSPHERE; CARINA; PHOTOMETRY AB As part of our ongoing effort to measure exoplanet sizes and transit times with greater accuracy, we present I-band observations of two transits of OGLE-TR-111b. The photometry has an accuracy of 0.15%-0.20% and a cadence of 1-2 minutes. We derive a planetary radius of R-P = 1.067 +/- 0: 054R(Jup) and a stellar radius of R-S = 0.831 +/- 0.031 R-circle dot. The uncertainties are dominated by errors in the photometry rather than by systematic errors arising from uncertainties in the limb-darkening function or the stellar mass. Both the stellar radius and the planetary radius are in agreement with theoretical expectations. The transit times are accurate to within 30 s and allow us to refine the estimate of the mean orbital period: 4.0144479 +/- 0.0000041 days. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Winn, JN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Fuentes, Cesar /G-7506-2016 NR 31 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1086/509658 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 121BF UT WOS:000243132000002 ER PT J AU Patnaude, DJ Fesen, RA AF Patnaude, Daniel J. Fesen, Robert A. TI Small-scale X-ray variability in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; supernova remnants ID CHANDRA VIEW; EJECTA; ASYMMETRY; EVOLUTION; 1987A; SHOCK; MASS; AGE AB A comparison of X-ray observations of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant taken in 2000, 2002, and 2004 with the Chandra ACIS-S3 reveals the presence of several small-scale features (<= 10 '') that exhibit significant intensity changes over a 4 yr time frame. Here we report on the variability of six features, four of which show count rate increases from similar to 10% to over 90%, and two of which show decreases of similar to 30%-40%. While extracted 1-4.5 keV X-ray spectra do not reveal gross changes in emission-line strengths, spectral fits using nonequilibrium-ionization, metal-rich plasma models indicate increased or decreased electron temperatures for features showing increasing or decreasing count rates, respectively. Based on the observed count rate changes and the assumption that the freely expanding ejecta has a velocity of similar to 5000 km s(-1) at the reverse shock front, we estimate the unshocked ejecta to have spatial scale variations of 0.02-0.03 pc, which is consistent with the X-ray-emitting ejecta belonging to a more diffuse component of the super-nova ejecta than that seen in the optically emitting ejecta, which have spatial scales of similar to 10(-3) pc. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Patnaude, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1086/509571 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 121BF UT WOS:000243132000014 ER PT J AU Brunthaler, A Reid, MJ Falcke, H Henkel, C Menten, KM AF Brunthaler, A. Reid, M. J. Falcke, H. Henkel, C. Menten, K. M. TI The proper motion of the Local Group galaxy IC 10 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrometry; galaxies : Local Group; galaxies : individual : IC10; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; WATER-VAPOR MASER; SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; IC 10; H2O MASERS; GEOMETRIC DISTANCE; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; ANDROMEDA GALAXY; MILKY-WAY AB We have measured the proper motion of the Local Group galaxy IC 10 with the Very Long Baseline Array by measuring the position of an H2O maser relative to two background quasars over 4.3 years. After correction for the rotation of the Milky Way and IC 10, we obtain a motion of -39 +/- 9 mu as yr(-1) toward the East and 31 +/- 8 mu as yr(-1) toward the North. This corresponds to a total space velocity of 215 +/- 42 km s(-1) relative to the Milky Way for an assumed distance of 660 +/- 66 kpc. Assuming that IC 10 and M33, for which also a proper motion measurement exists, are bound to M31, we calculate a lower limit for the mass of M31 of 7.5 x 1011 M-circle dot. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Brunthaler, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM brunthal@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012 OI Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724 NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 462 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066430 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126KW UT WOS:000243512800016 ER PT J AU Lommen, D Wright, CM Maddison, ST Jorgensen, JK Bourke, TL van Dishoeck, EF Hughes, A Wilner, DJ Burton, M van Langevelde, HJ AF Lommen, D. Wright, C. M. Maddison, S. T. Jorgensen, J. K. Bourke, T. L. van Dishoeck, E. F. Hughes, A. Wilner, D. J. Burton, M. van Langevelde, H. J. TI Investigating grain growth in disks around southern T Tauri stars at millimetre wavelengths SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; EMISSION-LINE STARS; CHAMELEON-I; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; STELLAR POPULATION; ISO SPECTROSCOPY; YOUNG STARS AB Context. Low-mass stars form with disks in which the coagulation of grains may eventually lead to the formation of planets. It is not known when and where grain growth occurs, as models that explain the observations are often degenerate. A way to break this degeneracy is to resolve the sources under study. Aims. Our aim is to find evidence for the existence of grains of millimetre sizes in disks around T Tauri stars, implying grain growth. Methods. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) was used to observe 15 southern T Tauri stars, five in the constellation Lupus and ten in Chamaeleon, at 3.3 mm. The five Lupus sources were also observed with the SubMillimeter Array (SMA) at 1.4 mm. Our new data are complemented with data from the literature to determine the slopes of the spectral energy distributions in the millimetre regime. Results. Ten sources were detected at better than 3 sigma with the ATCA, with sigma approximate to 1-2 mJy, and all sources that were observed with the SMA were detected at better than 15 sigma, with sigma approximate to 4 mJy. Six of the sources in our sample are resolved to physical radii of similar to 100 AU. Assuming that the emission from such large disks is predominantly optically thin, the millimetre slope can be related directly to the opacity index. For the other sources, the opacity indices are lower limits. Four out of six resolved sources have opacity indices <= 1, indicating grain growth to millimetre sizes and larger. The masses of the disks range from < 0.01 to 0.08 M-circle dot, which is comparable to the minimum mass solar nebula. A tentative correlation is found between the millimetre slope and the strength and shape of the 10-mu m silicate feature, indicating that grain growth occurs on similar (short) timescales in both the inner and outer disk. C1 Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. UNSW, ADFA, Sch Phys Environm & Math Sci, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. RP Lommen, D (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM dave@strw.leidenuniv.nl OI Burton, Michael/0000-0001-7289-1998; van Langevelde, Huib Jan/0000-0002-0230-5946 NR 56 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 462 IS 1 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066255 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126KW UT WOS:000243512800026 ER PT J AU Alves, J Lombardi, M Lada, CJ AF Alves, J. Lombardi, M. Lada, C. J. TI The mass function of dense molecular cores and the origin of the IMF SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : structure; dust, extinction; stars : formation; stars : luminosity function, mass function; ISM : evolution; ISM : clouds ID STAR-FORMATION; CLOUD FRAGMENTATION; CLUMP DISTRIBUTION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; DUST EXTINCTION; PIPE NEBULA; 850 MICRONS; DARK CLOUD; LUMINOSITY; CLUSTERS AB Context. Stars form in the cold dense cores of interstellar molecular clouds and the detailed knowledge of the spectrum of masses of such cores is clearly a key for the understanding of the origin of the IMF. To date, observations have presented somewhat contradictory evidence relating to this issue. Aims. In this paper we propose to derive the mass function of a complete sample of dense molecular cores in a single cloud employing a robust method that uses uses extinction of background starlight to measure core masses and enables the reliable extension of such measurements to lower masses than previously possible. Methods. We use a map of near-infrared extinction in the nearby Pipe dark cloud to identify the population of dense cores in the cloud and measure their masses. Results. We identify 159 dense cores and construct the mass function for this population. We present the first robust evidence for a departure from a single power-law form in the mass function of a population of cores and find that this mass function is surprisingly similar in shape to the stellar IMF but scaled to a higher mass by a factor of about 3. This suggests that the distribution of stellar birth masses ( IMF) is the direct product of the dense core mass function and a uniform star formation efficiency of 30% +/- 10%, and that the stellar IMF may already be fixed during or before the earliest stages of core evolution. These results are consistent with previous dust continuum studies which suggested that the IMF directly originates from the core mass function. The typical density of similar to 10(4) cm(-3) measured for the dense cores in this cloud suggests that the mass scale that characterizes the dense core mass function may be the result of a simple process of thermal ( Jeans) fragmentation. C1 Calar Alto Observ, Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Almeria 04004, Spain. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Alves, J (reprint author), Calar Alto Observ, Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, C Jesus Durban Remon 2-2, Almeria 04004, Spain. EM jalves@caha.es; mlombard@eso.org; clada@cfa.harvard.edu OI LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 45 TC 250 Z9 250 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 462 IS 1 BP L17 EP L21 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066389 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126KW UT WOS:000243512800005 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Wu, Y Zhang, Q Mao, RQ Miller, M AF Wang, Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, Q. Mao, R. -Q. Miller, M. TI VLA NH3 observations of regions of massive star formation in protostellar cores SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID WATER MASER OBSERVATIONS; GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUD; INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM; STELLAR CLUSTERS; ARCETRI CATALOG; IRAS 20126+4104; AMMONIA CORES; EMISSION AB Aims. The high angular resolution images with the Very Large Array (VLA) allow us to explore the general properties of protostellar cores in massive star forming regions at large distances. Methods. We observed the NH3 (J, K) = (1, 1) and (2, 2) lines toward five massive protostar candidates (IRAS 18196-1331, IRAS 18352-0148, IRAS 18361-0627, IRAS 18414-0339 and IRAS 19474+ 2637) with the VLA D configuration. Results. We found that these objects have hundreds of solar masses in dense gas with rotation temperatures from 8 to 27 K. No 1.3 cm continuum emission was detected at an rms of similar to 0.7 mJy in all sources except IRAS 18361-0627. We identified 60 clumps and determined their physical parameters (e. g. line width, rotation temperature, size, and mass). The clump masses range from 0.1 M circle dot to 4800 M circle dot. The average size, line width and temperature are 0.1 +/- 0.06 pc, 1.3 +/- 0.4 km s(-1) and 16 +/- 5 K. The discrepancy between NH3 and (sub) mm continuum emission is found in IRAS 18196-1331. This phenomenon could occur as a result of the NH3 abundance variation being affected by the UV illumination. C1 Peking Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, CAS PKU Joint Beijing Astrophys Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM ywang@cfa.harvard.edu OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 461 IS 1 BP 197 EP U107 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20064797 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117DL UT WOS:000242852800023 ER PT J AU Pirogov, L Zinchenko, I Caselli, P Johansson, LEB AF Pirogov, L. Zinchenko, I. Caselli, P. Johansson, L. E. B. TI Chemical differentiation in regions of high-mass star formation - CS, dust, and N2H+ in southern sources SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID DENSE MOLECULAR CORES; CLOUD CORES; INFALL MOTIONS; PROTOSTELLAR CORES; INFRARED SOURCES; FORMING CORES; WATER MASERS; H2O MASERS; MILLIMETER; EVOLUTION AB Aims. Our goals are to compare the CS, N2H+, and dust distributions in a representative sample of high-mass star-forming dense cores and to determine the physical and chemical properties of these cores. Methods. We compare the results of CS(5-4) and 1.2 mm continuum mapping of twelve dense cores from the southern hemisphere presented in this work, in combination with our previous N2H+(1-0) and CS(2-1) data. We use numerical modeling of molecular excitation to estimate physical parameters of the cores. Results. Most of the maps have several emission peaks (clumps). The mean sizes of 17 clumps with counterparts in the continuum and CS are 0.30(0.06) pc (continuum) and 0.51(0.07) pc (CS). For the clumps with IRAS sources, we derived dust temperatures of 24-35 K, masses of 90-6900 M-circle dot, molecular hydrogen column densities of (0.7-12.0) x 10(23) cm(-2) and luminosities of (0.6-46.0) x 10(4) L-circle dot. The LVG densities towards CS peaks within the 50" beam (0.56 pc at 2.3 kpc, the average distance of our sample source) vary from source to source in the range (3-40) x 10(5) cm(-3). Masses calculated from LVG densities are higher than the CS virial masses and masses derived from continuum data, implying small-scale clumpiness of the cores. The molecular abundances towards IRAS sources in eight objects are X(CS) = (0.3-2.7) x 10(-9) and X(N2H+) = (0.3-4.4) x 10(-10). The CS and continuum maps were compared with each other and with the N2H+(1-0) maps. For most of the objects, the CS and continuum peaks are close to the IRAS point source positions. The CS(5-4) intensities correlate with continuum fluxes per beam in all cases, but only in five cases with the N2H+(1-0) intensities. The study of the spatial variations of molecular integrated intensity ratios to continuum fluxes per beam reveals that I(N2H+)/F-1.2 ratios drop towards the CS peaks for most of the sources, which can be due to an N2H+ abundance decrease. For CS(5-4), the I(CS)/F-1.2 ratios show no clear trends with distance from the CS peaks, while such ratios drop for CS(2-1) towards these peaks. Possible explanations of these results are considered. The analysis of normalized velocity differences between CS and N2H+ lines has not revealed indications of systematic motions towards CS peaks. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Nizhny Novgorod Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Univ Helsinki Observ, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Onsala Space Observ, Onsala 43992, Sweden. RP Pirogov, L (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Ulyanova 46, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. EM pirogov@appl.sci-nnov.ru OI Zinchenko, Igor/0000-0003-2793-8229 NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 461 IS 2 BP 523 EP 535 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054777 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 119HZ UT WOS:000243004700015 ER PT J AU Brinch, C Crapsi, A Hogerheijde, MR Jorgensen, JK AF Brinch, C. Crapsi, A. Hogerheijde, M. R. Jorgensen, J. K. TI Structure and dynamics of the class I young stellar object L1489 IRS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; ISM : individual objects : L1489 IRS; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation ID T-TAURI STARS; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MASS PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; LINE OBSERVATIONS; MODELS; CORES; SPECTRA; INFALL AB Context. During protostellar collapse, conservation of angular momentum leads to the formation of an accretion disc. Little is known observationally about how and when the velocity field around the protostar shifts from infall-dominated to rotation-dominated. Aims. We investigate this transition in the low-mass protostar L1489 IRS, which is known to be embedded in a flattened, disc-like structure that shows both infall and rotation. We aim to accurately characterise the structure and composition of the envelope and its velocity field, and find clues to its nature. Methods. We construct a model for L1489 IRS consisting of an flattened envelope and a velocity field that can vary from pure infall to pure rotation. We obtain best-fit parameters by comparison to 24 molecular transitions from the literature, and using a molecular excitation code and a Voronoi optimisation algorithm. We test the model against existing millimeter interferometric observations, near-infrared scattered light imaging, and (CO)-C-12 ro-vibrational lines. Results. We find that L1489 IRS is well described by a central stellar mass of 1.3 +/- 0.4 M-circle dot surrounded by a 0.10 M-circle dot flattened envelope with approximate scale height h approximate to 0.57R, inclined at 74 degrees(+16 degrees)(-17 degrees). The velocity field is strongly dominated by rotation, with the velocity vector making an angle of 15 degrees +/- 6 degrees. with the azimuthal direction. Reproducing low-excitation transitions requires that the emission and absorption by the starless core 1' ( 8400 AU) east of L1489 IRS is included properly, implying that L1489 IRS is located partially behind this core. Conclusions. We speculate that L1489 IRS was originally formed closer to the center of this core, but has migrated to its current position over the past few times 10(5) yr, consistent with their radial velocity difference of 0.4 kms(-1). This suggests that L1489 IRS' unusual appearance may be result of its migration, and that it would appear as a "normal" embedded protostar if it were still surrounded by an extended cloud core. Conversely, we hypothesize that the inner envelopes of embedded protostars resemble the rotating structure seen around L1489 IRS. C1 Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brinch, C (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM brinch@strw.leidenuniv.nl RI Brinch, Christian/G-5157-2015 OI Brinch, Christian/0000-0002-5074-7183 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 461 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1047 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065473 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126VI UT WOS:000243543200023 ER PT J AU Zahn, O Lidz, A McQuinn, M Dutta, S Hernquist, L Zaldarriaga, M Furlanetto, SR AF Zahn, Oliver Lidz, Adam McQuinn, Matthew Dutta, Suvendra Hernquist, Lars Zaldarriaga, Matias Furlanetto, Steven R. TI Simulations and analytic calculations of bubble growth during hydrogen reionization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe ID COLD DARK-MATTER; 21 CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; HIGH REDSHIFTS; STAR-FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION; NUMERICAL COSMOLOGY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; GALAXY FORMATION; STELLAR SOURCES AB We present results from a large volume simulation of hydrogen reionization. We combine 3D radiative transfer calculations and an N-body simulation, describing structure formation in the intergalactic medium, to detail the growth of H II regions around high-redshift galaxies. Our simulation tracks 1024(3) dark matter particles, in a box of comoving side length 65.6 Mpc h(-1). This large volume allows us to accurately characterize the size distribution of H II regions throughout most of the reionization process. At the same time, our simulation resolves many of the small galaxies likely responsible for reionization. It confirms a picture anticipated by analytic models: H II regions grow collectively around highly clustered sources and have a well-defined characteristic size, which evolves from a sub-Mpc scale at the beginning of reionization to R > 10 Mpc toward the end. We present a detailed statistical description of our results and compare them with a numerical scheme based on the analytic model by Furlanetto and coworkers. We find that the analytic calculation reproduces the size distribution of H II regions and the 21 cm power spectrum of the radiative transfer simulation remarkably well. The ionization field from the simulation, however, has more small-scale structure than the analytic calculation, owing to Poisson scatter in the simulated abundance of galaxies on small scales. We propose and validate a simple scheme to incorporate this scatter into our calculations. Our results suggest that analytic calculations are sufficiently accurate to aid in predicting and interpreting the results of future 21 cm surveys. In particular, our fast numerical scheme is useful for forecasting constraints from future 21 cm surveys and in constructing mock surveys to test data analysis procedures. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Zahn, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ozahn@cfa.harvard.edu; alidz@cfa.harvard.edu NR 71 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 12 EP 26 DI 10.1086/509597 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800002 ER PT J AU Ruch, GT Jones, TJ Woodward, CE Polomski, EF Gehrz, RD Megeath, ST AF Ruch, Gerald T. Jones, Terry J. Woodward, Charles E. Polomski, Elisha F. Gehrz, Robert D. Megeath, S. T. TI Spitzer observations of the giant molecular cloud W3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : ISM; infrared : stars; ISM : individual (W3); stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence; stars : statistics ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; STAR-FORMATION; MILKY-WAY; MAIN; EXTINCTION; DISCOVERY; SEQUENCE; REGION AB We present new images of the giant molecular cloud W3 obtained with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The images encompass the star forming regions W3 Main, W3( OH), and a region that we refer to as the Central Cluster, which encloses the emission nebula IC 1795. We present a star count analysis of the point sources detected in W3. The star count analysis shows that the stellar population of the Central Cluster, when compared to that in the background, contains an over density of sources. The Central Cluster also contains an excess of sources with colors consistent with Class II young stellar objects (YSOs). An analysis of the color-color diagrams also reveals a large number of Class II YSOs in the Central Cluster. Our results suggest that an earlier epoch of star formation created the Central Cluster, created a cavity, and triggered the active star formation in the W3 Main and W3( OH) regions. We also detect a new outflow and its candidate exciting star. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Ruch, GT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gruch@astro.umn.edu NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1086/508856 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800023 ER PT J AU Qiu, KP Zhang, QZ Beuther, H Yang, J AF Qiu, Keping Zhang, Qizhou Beuther, Henrik Yang, Ji TI High-resolution imaging of molecular outflows in massive young stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (IRAS 18264-1152, IRAS 23151+5912); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; SIO EMISSION; INTERSTELLAR AMMONIA; MULTIPLE OUTFLOWS; FORMATION REGIONS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOWS; STELLAR OBJECTS; IRAS 20126+4104; CO OUTFLOWS; CS EMISSION AB We present high angular resolution observations toward two massive star-forming regions, IRAS 18264 - 1152 and IRAS 23151+ 5912, with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) in the SiO(J = 2-1) and (HCO+)-C-13(J = 1-0) lines and at 1.3 and 3.4 mm continuum, and with the Very Large Array (VLA) in the NH3(J, K) (1, 1), (2, 2) lines. The NH3(1, 1) and (2, 2) emission is detected toward IRAS 18264 - 1152 only. For IRAS 18264 - 1152, the SiO observations reveal at least two quasi-perpendicular outflows with high collimation factors, and the most dominant feature is a redshifted jetlike outflow with very high velocities up to about Delta v = 60 km s(-1) with respect to the systemic velocity. The very high velocity component (Delta v = 22-60 km s(-1)) of this outflow is spatially offset from its high-velocity (Delta v = 3-21 km s(-1)) component. The SiO line profiles and position-velocity characteristics of these two components suggest that this outflow could be driven by an underlying precessing jet. For IRAS 23151+ 5912, the bipolar but mainly blueshifted SiO outflow coincides with the inner parts of the single-dish CO outflow. In particular, the quasi-parabolic shape of the blueshifted outflow coincides with the near-infrared nebulosity and is consistent with entrainment of the gas by an underlying wide-angle wind. The analysis of the molecular outflow data of the two luminous sources further supports high-mass stars forming via a disk-mediated accretion process similar to that in low-mass stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, KP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kqiu@cfa.harvard.edu OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1086/509069 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800025 ER PT J AU Ng, CY Romani, RW Brisken, WF Chatterjee, S Kramer, M AF Ng, C. -Y. Romani, Roger W. Brisken, Walter F. Chatterjee, Shami Kramer, Michael TI The origin and motion of PSR J0538+2817 in S147 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; pulsars : individual (PSR J0538+2817); stars : kinematics; supernovae : individual (S147) ID NOVA REMNANT S147; X-RAY; OPEN CLUSTERS; PULSARS; ROTATION; GALAXY; PSR-J0538+2817; KINEMATICS AB We report on Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) astrometry and Chandra imaging of PSR J0538+2817 in the supernova remnant S147. We measure a parallax distance of 1.47(-0.27)(+0.42) kpc along with a high-precision proper motion, giving a transverse velocity V-perpendicular to = 400(-73)(+114) km s(-1). A small extended wind nebula is detected around the pulsar; the symmetry axis of this structure suggests that the spin axis lies 12 degrees +/- 4 degrees from the velocity vector ( two-dimensional), but the emission is too faint for robust model-independent statements. The neutron star is hot, consistent with the young similar to 40 kyr kinematic age. The pulsar progenitor is likely a runaway from a nearby cluster, with NGC 1960 (M36) a leading candidate. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. RP Ng, CY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ncy@astro.stanford.edu; rwr@astro.stanford.edu; wbrisken@aoc.nrao.edu; schatterjee@cfa.harvard.edu; mkramer@jb.man.ac.uk RI Ng, Chi Yung/A-7639-2013 OI Ng, Chi Yung/0000-0002-5847-2612 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.1086/510576 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800034 ER PT J AU Saio, H Cameron, C Kuschnig, R Walker, GAH Matthews, JM Rowe, JF Lee, U Huber, D Weiss, WW Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D AF Saio, H. Cameron, C. Kuschnig, R. Walker, G. A. H. Matthews, J. M. Rowe, J. F. Lee, U. Huber, D. Weiss, W. W. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. TI MOST detects g-modes in the late-type Be star beta Canis Minoris (B8 Ve) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : early-type; stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (beta Canis Minoris); stars : oscillations; stars : rotation ID LINE-PROFILE VARIABILITY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; NONRADIAL OSCILLATIONS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ACTIVITY; PULSATIONAL STABILITY; MU-CENTAURI; PHOTOMETRY; ROTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; INSTABILITY AB The Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars ( MOST) satellite has detected low-amplitude light variations (Delta m similar to 1 mmag) in the Be star beta CMi (B8 Ve). The observations lasted 41 days and the variations have typical periods similar to 0.3 days. We demonstrate that the dominant frequencies are consistent with prograde high-order g-modes of m = - 1 excited by the Fe bump of opacity in an intermediate-mass (approximate to 3.5 M-.) star with a nearly critical rotation period of 0.38 days. This is the first detection of nonradial g-mode pulsations in a Be star later than B6 leading to the possibility that pulsations are excited in all classical Be stars. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Observ Astron Mt Megantic, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Saio, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. EM saio@astr.tohuku.ac.jp; ccameron@phas.ubc.ca; kuschnig@astro.phys.ubc.ca; gordonwa@uvic.ca; matthews@phas.ubc.ca; rowe@phas.ubc.ca; lee@astr.tohoku.ac.jp; huber@astro.univie.ac.at; weiss@astro.univie.ac.at; guenther@ap.stmarys.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 544 EP 550 DI 10.1086/509315 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800039 ER PT J AU Luhman, KL Patten, BM Marengo, M Schuster, MT Hora, JL Ellis, RG Stauffer, JR Sonnett, SM Winston, E Gutermuth, RA Megeath, ST Backman, DE Henry, TJ Werner, MW Fazio, GG AF Luhman, K. L. Patten, B. M. Marengo, M. Schuster, M. T. Hora, J. L. Ellis, R. G. Stauffer, J. R. Sonnett, S. M. Winston, E. Gutermuth, R. A. Megeath, S. T. Backman, D. E. Henry, T. J. Werner, M. W. Fazio, G. G. TI Discovery of two T dwarf companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; infrared : stars; stars : evolution; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; INFRARED FILTER SET; URSA-MAJOR GROUP; CANDIDATE SUBSTELLAR COMPANION; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS SURVEY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; YOUNG BROWN DWARF; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; STELLAR COMPANIONS AB We report the discovery of T dwarf companions to the nearby stars HN Peg (G0 V, 18.4 pc, tau similar to 0.3 Gyr) and HD 3651 (K0V, 11.1 pc, tau similar to 7 Gyr). During an ongoing survey of 50; 50 fields surrounding stars in the solar neighborhood with the Infrared Array Camera aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope, we identified these companions as candidate T dwarfs based on their mid-infrared colors. Using near-infrared spectra obtained with SpeX at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, we confirm the presence of methane absorption that characterizes T dwarfs and measure spectral types of T2.5 +/- 0.5 and T7.5 +/- 0.5 for HN Peg B and HD 3651B, respectively. By comparing our Spitzer data to images from the Two Micron All Sky Survey obtained several years earlier, we find that the proper motions of HN Peg B and HD 3651B are consistent with those of the primaries, confirming their companionship. A comparison of their luminosities to the values predicted by theoretical evolutionary models implies masses of 0.021 +/- 0.009 and 0.051 +/- 0.014 M-. for HN Peg B and HD 3651B, respectively. In addition, the models imply an effective temperature for HN Peg B that is significantly lower than the values derived for other T dwarfs at similar spectral types, which is the same behavior reported by Metchev & Hillenbrand for the young late L dwarf HD 203030B. Thus, the temperature of the L/T transition appears to depend on surface gravity. Meanwhile, HD 3651B is the first substellar companion directly imaged around a star that is known to harbor a close-in planet from radial velocity surveys. The discovery of this companion supports the notion that the high eccentricities of close-in planets like that near HD 3651 may be the result of perturbations by low-mass companions at wide separations. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. SOFIA SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Luhman, KL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kluhman@astro.psu.edu OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 93 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 570 EP 579 DI 10.1086/509073 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800042 ER PT J AU Siegler, N Muzerolle, J Young, ET Rieke, GH Mamajek, EE Trilling, DE Gorlova, N Su, KYL AF Siegler, Nick Muzerolle, James Young, Erick T. Rieke, George H. Mamajek, Eric E. Trilling, David E. Gorlova, Nadya Su, Kate Y. L. TI Spitzer 24 mu m observations of open cluster IC 2391 and debris disk evolution of FGK stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (IC 2391); planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID LOW-MASS STARS; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; PLANETARY SYSTEMS FEPS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SUN-LIKE STARS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; VEGA PHENOMENON AB We present 24 mu m Spitzer MIPS photometric observations of the similar to 50 Myr open cluster IC 2391. Thirty-four cluster members ranging in spectral type from B3 to M5 were observed in the central square degree of the cluster. Excesses indicative of debris disks were discovered around one A star, six FGK stars, and possibly one M dwarf. For the cluster members observed to their photospheric limit, we find a debris disk frequency of 10(-3)(+17)% for B - A stars and 31(-9)(+31)% for FGK stars using a 15% relative excess threshold. Relative to a model of decaying excess frequency, the frequency of debris disks around A-type stars appears marginally low for the cluster's age while that of FGK stars appears consistent. Scenarios that may qualitatively explain this result are examined. We conclude that planetesimal activity in the terrestrial region of FGK stars is common in the first similar to 50 Myr and decays on timescales of similar to 100 Myr. Despite luminosity differences, debris disk evolution does not appear to depend strongly on stellar mass. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Siegler, N (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM nsiegler@as.arizona.edu NR 78 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 580 EP 594 DI 10.1086/509042 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800043 ER PT J AU Chen, HR Su, YN Liu, SY Hunter, TR Wilner, DJ Zhang, QZ Lim, J Ho, PTP Ohashi, N Hirano, N AF Chen, Huei-Ru Su, Yu-Nung Liu, Sheng-Yuan Hunter, Todd R. Wilner, David J. Zhang, Qizhou Lim, Jeremy Ho, Paul T. P. Ohashi, Nagayoshi Hirano, Naomi TI 654 GHz continuum and (CO)-O-18(6-5) observations of G240.31+0.07 with the Submillimeter Array SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : early-type; stars : individual (G240.31+0.07); stars : pre-main-sequence; submillimeter; techniques : interferometric ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION; DUST; MASERS; OUTFLOWS; GAS AB We report a dual-band observation at 223 and 654 GHz (460 mu m) toward an ultracompact (UC) H II region, G240.31 + 0.07, using the Submillimeter Array. With a beam size of 1.5" x 0.8", the dust continuum emission is resolved into two clumps, with clump A well coincident with an H2O maser and the UC H II region. The newly discovered clump, B, about 1.3" (similar or equal to 8.3 x 10(3) AU) to the southwest of clump A, is also associated with H2O masers and may be a more recent star-forming site. The continuum flux densities imply an opacity spectral index of beta = 1.5 +/- 0.3, suggestive of a value lower than the canonical 2.0 found in the interstellar medium and in cold, massive cores. The presence of hot (similar or equal to 100 K) molecular gas is derived by the brightness ratio of two H2CO lines in the 223 GHz band. A radial velocity difference of 2.5 +/- 0.4 km s(-1) is found between the two clumps in (CO)-O-18(6 - 5) emission. The total (nebular and stellar) mass of roughly 58 M-. in the central region is close to, but not much larger than, the minimum mass required for the two clumps to be gravitationally bound for binary rotation. Our continuum data do not suggest a large amount of matter associated with the H-2 knots that were previously proposed to arise from a massive disk or envelope. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, HR (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu, Taiwan. EM hchen@phys.nthu.edu.tw NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP L87 EP L90 DI 10.1086/510715 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JM UT WOS:000243222200023 ER PT J AU Marrone, DP Moran, JM Zhao, JH Rao, R AF Marrone, Daniel P. Moran, James M. Zhao, Jun-Hui Rao, Ramprasad TI An unambiguous detection of faraday rotation in Sagittarius A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; Galaxy : center; polarization; submillimeter; techniques : interferometric ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; SUBMILLIMETER EMISSION; GALACTIC-CENTER; ASTERISK; FLOWS; GHZ; POLARIMETRY; MILLIMETER AB The millimeter/submillimeter wavelength polarization of Sgr A* is known to be variable in both magnitude and position angle on timescales down to a few hours. The unstable polarization has prevented measurements made at different frequencies and different epochs from yielding convincing measurements of Faraday rotation in this source. Here we present observations made with the Submillimeter Array polarimeter at 227 and 343 GHz with sufficient sensitivity to determine the rotation measure at each band without comparing position angles measured at separate epochs. We find the 10-epoch mean rotation measure to be (-5.6 +/- 0.7) x 10(5) rad m(-2); the measurements are consistent with a constant value. We conservatively assign a 3 sigma upper limit of 2 x 10(5) rad m(-2) to rotation measure changes, which limits accretion rate fluctuations to 25%. This rotation measure detection limits the accretion rate to less than 2 x 10(-7) M-. yr(-1) if the magnetic field is near equipartition, ordered, and largely radial, while a lower limit of 2 x 10(-9) M-. yr(-1) holds even for a subequipartition, disordered, or toroidal field. The mean intrinsic position angle is 167 degrees +/- 7 degrees and we detect variations of 31(-9)(+18) deg. These variations must originate in the submillimeter photosphere, rather than arising from rotation measure changes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM dmarrone@oddjob.uchicago.edu; jmoran@cfa.harvard.edu; jzhao@cfa.harvard.edu; rrao@sma.hawaii.edu OI Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080 NR 27 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP L57 EP L60 DI 10.1086/510850 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JM UT WOS:000243222200015 ER PT J AU Stanek, KZ Dai, X Prieto, JL An, D Garnavich, PM Calkins, ML Serven, J Worthey, G Hao, H Dobrzycki, A Howk, C Matheson, T AF Stanek, K. Z. Dai, X. Prieto, J. L. An, D. Garnavich, P. M. Calkins, M. L. Serven, J. Worthey, G. Hao, H. Dobrzycki, A. Howk, C. Matheson, T. TI "Anomalous" optical gamma-ray burst afterglows are common: Two z similar to 4 bursts, GRB 060206 and GRB 0602101 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID LIGHT CURVES; GRB 990510; VARIABILITY; PHOTOMETRY; GRB-021004 AB We report on two gamma-ray bursts, GRB 060206 and GRB 060210, for which we have obtained well-sampled optical light curves. Both light curves show unusual behavior. GRB 060206 experienced a slow early decay, followed by a rapid increase in brightness by factor 2.5 about 1 hr after the burst. Its afterglow then faded in a broken power-law fashion, with a smooth break at t(b) = 0.6 days, but with additional, less dramatic " bumps and wiggles." The afterglow of GRB 060210 is also unusual: the light curve was more or less flat between 60 and 300 s after the burst, followed by a 70% increase at 600 s after the burst, after which the light curve declined as a similar to t(-1.3) power law. We argue that "anomalous" optical afterglows are likely to be the norm and that such rapid optical variations should be seen in many bursts, given good enough sampling. Given that, some of the usual procedures, such as deriving the jet opening angle from fitting a smooth function to the optical light curve, might often have a poor statistical significance. We propose that the rapid rise at similar to 3000 s in the optical for GRB 060206 and the optical bump at similar to 700 s in GRB 060210 might be due to the turn-on of the external shock. The existence and timing of such features could provide us with valuable additional information about the bursts. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European So Observ, D-8046 Garching, Germany. NOAO Gemini Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Stanek, KZ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu RI Howk, Jay/D-2577-2013; Dai, Xinyu/B-5735-2011 OI Dai, Xinyu/0000-0001-9203-2808 NR 38 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/510884 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JM UT WOS:000243222200006 ER PT J AU Torres, DF Zhang, S Reimer, O Barcons, X Corral, A Bosch-Ramon, V Paredes, JM Romero, GE Qu, J Collmar, W Schonfelder, V Butt, Y AF Torres, Diego F. Zhang, Shu Reimer, Olaf Barcons, Xavier Corral, Amalia Bosch-Ramon, Valenti Paredes, Josep M. Romero, Gustavo E. Qu, Jin Collmar, Werner Schoenfelder, Volker Butt, Yousaf TI INTEGRAL/XMM views on the MeV source GRO J1411-64 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Multi-Messenger Approach to High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources/3rd Workshop of the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources CY JUL 04-07, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE gamma-rays; unidentified gamma-ray sources ID GALACTIC PLANE AB The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J 141164 was observed by INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton in 2005. The Circinus Galaxy is the only source detected within the 4 sigma location error of GRO J1411-64, but in here excluded as the possible counterpart. At soft X-rays, 22 reliable and statistically significant sources (likelihood > 10) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932, is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. At the best location of the source, detections at hard X-rays show only upper limits, which, together with MeV results obtained by COMPTEL suggest the existence of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300-700 keV for the so-called low state. Such a spectrum resembles those in blazars or microquasars, and might suggest at work by the models accordingly. However, an analysis using a microquasar model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons, shows that it is hard to comply with all observational constrains. This fact and the non-detection at hard Xrays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the physical reality of this source, what is discussed here. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Espai, CSIC,Inst Rec & Etudis Avancats, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Inst High Energy Phys, Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Labs Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Argentino Radioastron, RA-1894 Villa Elisa, Argentina. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Espai, CSIC,Inst Rec & Etudis Avancats, Torre C5 Parrell,2a Planta, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM dtorres@ieec.uab.es RI Corral, Amalia/C-5751-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Barcons, Xavier/L-3335-2014; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Barcons, Xavier/0000-0003-1081-8861; Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2007 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9479-7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194IR UT WOS:000248338600005 ER PT S AU Slane, P AF Slane, Patrick BE Yuan, YF Li, XD Lai, D TI Recent progress in studies of pulsar wind nebulae SO ASTROPHYSICS OF COMPACT OBJECTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Astrophysics of Compact Objects CY JUL 01-07, 2007 CL Huangshan City, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Astron Soc, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Natl Astron Observ China, Res Grp Compact Objects & Diffuse Medium, Inst High Energy Phys, Particle Astrophys Lab, Peking Univ, Astron Dept, Univ Sci & Technol China DE pulsar wind nebulae; pulsars; supernova remnants ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; CRAB-NEBULA; VELA PULSAR; 3C 58; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; 3C-58; JET AB The synchrotron-emitting nebulae formed by energetic winds from young pulsars provide information on a wide range phenomena that contribute to their structure. High resolution X-ray observations reveal jets and toroidal structures in many systems, along with knot-like structures whose emission is observed to be time-variable. Large-scale filaments seen in optical and radio images mark instability regions where the expanding nebulae interact with the surrounding ejecta, and spectral studies reveal the presence of these ejecta in the form of thermal X-ray emission. Infrared studies probe the frequency region where evolutionary and magnetic field effects conspire to chan-e the broadband synchrotron spectrum dramatically, and studies of the innermost regions of the nebulae provide constraints on the spectra of particles entering the nebula. At the highest energies, TeV gamma-ray observations provide a probe of the spectral region that, for low magnetic fields, corresponds to particles with energies just below the X-ray-emitting regime. Here I summarize the structure of pulsar wind nebulae and review several new observations that have helped drive a recent resurgence in theoretical modeling of these systems. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slane, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0485-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 968 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHG45 UT WOS:000252959900025 ER PT S AU Tang, SM Laycock, S Grindlay, J AF Tang, Sumin Laycock, Silas Grindlay, Jonathan BE Yuan, YF Li, XD Lai, D TI Search for dwarf novae in DASCH scans near M44 SO ASTROPHYSICS OF COMPACT OBJECTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Astrophysics of Compact Objects CY JUL 01-07, 2007 CL Huangshan City, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Astron Soc, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Natl Astron Observ China, Res Grp Compact Objects & Diffuse Medium, Inst High Energy Phys, Particle Astrophys Lab, Peking Univ, Astron Dept, Univ Sci & Technol China DE dwarf novae; cataclysmic variables; accretion disks; binaries; M44 (Praesepe) ID CANUM-VENATICORUM SYSTEMS; ACTIVE BINARY CORONAE; ALL-SKY SURVEY; PRAESEPE; CLUSTER; MODEL AB Dwarf novae (DNe) are a subclass of Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) with outbursts powered by a disk instability leading to a sudden increase in the accretion rate. The Digital Access to a Sky Century at Harvard (DASCH) Collaboration is preparing to digitize over 500,000 Harvard plates from the 1880s to the 1980s with limiting magnitudes ranging from B similar to 14 - 19. As a demonstration project, we have scanned more than 500 plates in the fields centered on the galactic open cluster M44. There are 21 CVs in the fields within 10 degrees of M44 covered by the scans. Here we present the preliminary results of DN outbursts of the known CVs to derive long-term DN outburst duty cycles. In addition, a 100y lightcurve for a XMM-Newton source is also presented to demonstrate DASCH capabilities. C1 [Tang, Sumin; Laycock, Silas; Grindlay, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tang, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0485-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 968 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHG45 UT WOS:000252959900048 ER PT S AU Narayan, R McClintock, JE Shafee, R AF Narayan, Ramesh McClintock, Jeffrey E. Shafee, Rebecca BE Yuan, YF Li, XD Lai, D TI Estimating the spins of stellar-mass black holes by fitting their continuum spectra SO ASTROPHYSICS OF COMPACT OBJECTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Astrophysics of Compact Objects CY JUL 01-07, 2007 CL Huangshan City, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Astron Soc, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Natl Astron Observ China, Res Grp Compact Objects & Diffuse Medium, Inst High Energy Phys, Particle Astrophys Lab, Peking Univ, Astron Dept, Univ Sci & Technol China DE accretion disk; black hole; spin; X-ray binary ID X-RAY BINARIES; ACCRETION DISK; MODEL; MICROQUASARS; BURSTS AB We have used the Novikov-Thome thin disk model to fit the continuum X-ray spectra of three transient black hole X-ray binaries in the thermal state. From the fits we estimate the dimensionless spin parameters of the black holes to be: 4U 1543-47, a(*) equivalent to a/M = 0.7 - 0.85; GRO J1655-40, a(*) = 0.65 - 0.9; GRS 1915+105, a(*) = 0.98 - 1. We plan to expand the sample of spin estimates to about a dozen over the next several years. Some unresolved theoretical issues are briefly discussed. C1 [Narayan, Ramesh; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Shafee, Rebecca] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0485-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 968 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHG45 UT WOS:000252959900049 ER PT B AU Lai, K Huang, JS Fazio, G Cowie, LL Hu, EM Kakazu, Y AF Lai, Kamson Huang, Jia-Sheng Fazio, Giovanni Cowie, Lennox L. Hu, Esther M. Kakazu, Yuko BE Afonso, J Ferguson, HC Mobasher, B Norris, R TI Spitzer constraints on the stellar population of Ly alpha emitting galaxies at z similar to 5.7 SO AT THE EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE: LATEST RESULTS FROM THE DEEPEST ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on At the Edge of the Universe CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Sintra, PORTUGAL SP British Council, Camara Municipal Sintra, Centro Astronomia & Astrofis Univ Lisboa, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Luso Americana, Gabinete Relacoes Internacionaise Ciencia & Ensino Superior, IPPAR, Observ Astronomico Lisboa, Microcapital, Publibrinde, POCI, TAP Portugal ID Z-APPROXIMATE-TO-6 AB We present a study of three high-redshift Ly alpha emitting galaxies, selected via a narrow-band survey in the GOODS northern field, and spectro-scopically confirmed to have redshifts z similar to 5.7. Using HST ACS and Spitzer IRAC data, we constrain the rest-frame UV-to-optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the galaxies. Fitting stellar population synthesis models to the observed SEDs, we find the galaxies have stellar masses similar to 10(9) - 10(10) M-circle dot and ages similar to 5 - 100 Myr, assuming a simple starburst star formation history. If a constant star formation rate model is considered, then ages as old as 700 Myr are allowed. A comparison of our narrow-band selected objects to other IRAC-detected z - 6 V-dropout galaxies reveal similar z' - [3.6] colors and 3.6 mu m magnitudes between the two populations, suggesting that they possess stellar populations of similar masses and ages. The observed similarity may be the result of a selection bias, since the IRAC-detected objects only sample the bright end of the luminosity function. C1 [Lai, Kamson; Huang, Jia-Sheng; Fazio, Giovanni] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cowie, Lennox L.; Hu, Esther M.; Kakazu, Yuko] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Lai, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM klai@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA through JPL/Caltech FX We thank the referee for comments that helped improve the paper. K. L. thanks Ryan Hickox for helpful discussions. Thiswork is based in part on archival data obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-323-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 380 BP 83 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHM73 UT WOS:000254343300012 ER PT B AU Burgarella, D Le Floc'h, E Takeuchi, TT Buat, V Huang, JS Rieke, GH Tyler, KD AF Burgarella, D. Le Floc'h, E. Takeuchi, T. T. Buat, V. Huang, J. S. Rieke, G. H. Tyler, K. D. BE Afonso, J Ferguson, HC Mobasher, B Norris, R TI Lyman break galaxies and luminous IR galaxies at z similar to 1 SO AT THE EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE: LATEST RESULTS FROM THE DEEPEST ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on At the Edge of the Universe CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Sintra, PORTUGAL SP British Council, Camara Municipal Sintra, Centro Astronomia & Astrofis Univ Lisboa, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Luso Americana, Gabinete Relacoes Internacionaise Ciencia & Ensino Superior, IPPAR, Observ Astronomico Lisboa, Microcapital, Publibrinde, POCI, TAP Portugal ID STAR-FORMATION; INFRARED GALAXIES; DEEP FIELD; ULTRAVIOLET; POPULATION; REDSHIFT AB We use deep GALEX images in UV to define the first large sample of 420 Lyman Break Galaxies at z similar to 1. Deep Spitzer IRAC and MIPS provide the first detection of a large sample of Lyman Break Galaxies in the mid- to far-infrared range. We are therefore able to study and compare the UV and TIR emission of Lyman Break Galaxies. We find that about 15 % of the LBG sample are strong emitters at 24 mu m (Red LBGs). Most of them are Luminous IR Galaxies (LIRGs) while the rest are undetected at the 83 mu Jy level of MIPS GTO image. The latter objects have a Spectral Energy Distribution similar to high redshift Lyman Break Galaxies. C1 [Burgarella, D.; Buat, V.] Observ Astron Marseille Provence, LAM, BP 8, F-133761 Marseille 12, France. [Le Floc'h, E.; Rieke, G. H.; Tyler, K. D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Takeuchi, T. T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Huang, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Burgarella, D (reprint author), Observ Astron Marseille Provence, LAM, BP 8, F-133761 Marseille 12, France. FU COE Program; Tohoku University FX TTT has been supported by the 21st Century COE Program Exploring New Science by Bridging Particle-Matter Hierarchy, Tohoku University. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-323-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 380 BP 445 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHM73 UT WOS:000254343300072 ER PT J AU Liu, X Chance, K Kurosu, TP AF Liu, X. Chance, K. Kurosu, T. P. TI Improved ozone profile retrievals from GOME data with degradation correction in reflectance SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; POLARIZATION AB We present a simple method to perform degradation correction to Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) reflectance spectra by comparing the average reflectance for 60 degrees N-60 degrees S with that at the beginning of GOME observations (July-December 1995) after removing the dependences on solar zenith angle and seasonal variation. The results indicate positive biases of up to similar to 15-25% in the wavelength range 289-370 nm during 2000-2002; the degradation also exhibits significant dependence on wavelength and viewing zenith angle. These results are consistent with previous studies using radiative transfer models and ozone observations. The degradation causes retrieval biases of up to similar to 3% (10 DU, 1 DU = 2.69 x 10(16) molecules cm(-2)), 30% (10 DU), 10%, and 40% in total column ozone, tropospheric column ozone, stratospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone, respectively, from our GOME ozone profile retrieval algorithm. In addition, retrieval biases due to degradation vary significantly with latitude. The application of this degradation correction improves the retrievals relative to Dobson and ozonesonde measurements at HohenpeiBenberg station during 2000-2003 and improves the spatiotemporal consistency of retrieval quality during 1996-2003. However, because this method assumes that the deseasonalized globally-averaged reflectance does not change much with time, retrievals with this correction may be inadequate for trend analysis. In addition, it does not correct for instrument biases that have occurred since launch. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM xliu@cfa.harvard.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1583 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153ML UT WOS:000245439500007 ER PT J AU Liu, X Chance, K Sioris, CE Kurosu, TP AF Liu, X. Chance, K. Sioris, C. E. Kurosu, T. P. TI Impact of using different ozone cross sections on ozone profile retrievals from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) ultraviolet measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; UV SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; HITRAN AB We investigate the effect of using three different cross section data sets on ozone profile retrievals from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) ultraviolet measurements (289-307 nm, 326-337 nm). These include Bass-Paur, Brion, and GOME flight model cross sections (references below). Using different cross sections can significantly affect the retrievals, by up to 12 Dobson Units (DU, 1 DU=2.69x10(16)< molecules cm(-2)) in total column ozone, up to 10 DU in tropospheric column ozone, and up to 100% in retrieved ozone values for individual atmospheric layers. Compared to using the Bass-Paur and GOME flight model cross sections, using the Brion cross sections not only reduces fitting residuals by 15-60% in the Huggins bands, but also improves retrievals, especially in the troposphere, as seen from validation against ozonesonde measurements. Therefore, we recommend using the Brion cross section for ozone profile retrievals from ultraviolet measurements. The total column ozone retrieved using the GOME flight model cross sections is systematically lower, by 7-10 DU, than that retrieved using the Brion and Bass-Paur cross sections and is also systematically lower than Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations. This study demonstrates the need for improved ozone cross section measurements in the ultraviolet to improve profile retrievals of this key atmospheric constituent. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Environm Canada, Atomospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM xliu@umbc.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 13 BP 3571 EP 3578 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199ZF UT WOS:000248733000013 ER PT J AU Sioris, CE McLinden, CA Martin, RV Sauvage, B Haley, CS Lloyd, ND Llewellyn, EJ Bernath, PF Boone, CD Brohede, S McElroy, CT AF Sioris, C. E. McLinden, C. A. Martin, R. V. Sauvage, B. Haley, C. S. Lloyd, N. D. Llewellyn, E. J. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Brohede, S. McElroy, C. T. TI Vertical profiles of lightning-produced NO2 enhancements in the upper troposphere observed by OSIRIS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; CHEMISTRY; GOME; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCIAMACHY; MISSION; MODELS; SPACE AB The purpose of this study is to perform a global search of the upper troposphere (z >= 10 km) for enhancements of nitrogen dioxide and determine their sources. This is the first application of satellite-based limb scattering to study upper tropospheric NO2. We have searched two years ( May 2003 - May 2005) of OSIRIS ( Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System) operational NO2concentrations ( version 2.3/ 2.4) to find large enhancements in the observations by comparing with photochemical box model calculations and by identifying local maxima in NO2 volume mixing ratio. We find that lightning is the main production mechanism responsible for the large enhancements in OSIRIS NO2 observations as expected. Similar patterns in the abundances and spatial distribution of the NO2 enhancements are obtained by perturbing the lightning within the GEOS- Chem 3- dimensional chemical transport model. In most cases, the presence of lightning is confirmed with coincident imagery from LIS ( Lightning Imaging Sensor) and the spatial extent of the NO2 enhancement is mapped using nadir observations of tropospheric NO2 at high spatial resolution from SCIAMACHY ( Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) and OMI ( Ozone Monitoring Instrument). The combination of the lightning and chemical sensors allows us to investigate globally the role of lightning to the abundance of NO2 in the upper troposphere ( UT). Lightning contributes 60% of the tropical upper tropospheric NO2 in GEOS- Chem simulations. The spatial and temporal distribution of NO2 enhancements from lightning ( Maylyzed. C1 Environm Canada, Expt Studies Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ York, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Univ York, Dept Chem, York, N Yorkshire, England. Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Sioris, CE (reprint author), Environm Canada, Expt Studies Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM christopher.sioris@ec.gc.ca RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 16 BP 4281 EP 4294 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 204VU UT WOS:000249072900009 ER PT J AU Cortesi, U Lambert, JC De Clercq, C Bianchini, G Blumenstock, T Bracher, A Castelli, E Catoire, V Chance, KV De Maziere, M Demoulin, P Godin-Beekmann, S Jones, N Jucks, K Keim, C Kerzenmacher, T Kuellmann, H Kuttippurath, J Iarlori, M Liu, GY Liu, Y McDermid, IS Meijer, YJ Mencaraglia, F Mikuteit, S Oelhaf, H Piccolo, C Pirre, M Raspollini, P Ravegnani, F Reburn, WJ Redaelli, G Remedios, JJ Sembhi, H Smale, D Steck, T Taddei, A Varotsos, C Vigouroux, C Waterfall, A Wetzel, G Wood, S AF Cortesi, U. Lambert, J. C. De Clercq, C. Bianchini, G. Blumenstock, T. Bracher, A. Castelli, E. Catoire, V. Chance, K. V. De Maziere, M. Demoulin, P. Godin-Beekmann, S. Jones, N. Jucks, K. Keim, C. Kerzenmacher, T. Kuellmann, H. Kuttippurath, J. Iarlori, M. Liu, G. Y. Liu, Y. McDermid, I. S. Meijer, Y. J. Mencaraglia, F. Mikuteit, S. Oelhaf, H. Piccolo, C. Pirre, M. Raspollini, P. Ravegnani, F. Reburn, W. J. Redaelli, G. Remedios, J. J. Sembhi, H. Smale, D. Steck, T. Taddei, A. Varotsos, C. Vigouroux, C. Waterfall, A. Wetzel, G. Wood, S. TI Geophysical validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; GROUND-BASED FTIR; NEW-ZEALAND; SAGE-II; ERROR ANALYSIS; STRATOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PROFILES; INSTRUMENT AB The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), on-board the European ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) launched on 1 March 2002, is a middle infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer measuring the atmospheric emission spectrum in limb sounding geometry. The instrument is capable to retrieve the vertical distribution of temperature and trace gases, aiming at the study of climate and atmospheric chemistry and dynamics, and at applications to data assimilation and weather forecasting. MIPAS operated in its standard observation mode for approximately two years, from July 2002 to March 2004, with scans performed at nominal spectral resolution of 0.025 cm(-1) and covering the altitude range from the mesosphere to the upper troposphere with relatively high vertical resolution (about 3 km in the stratosphere). Only reduced spectral resolution measurements have been performed subsequently. MIPAS data were re-processed by ESA using updated versions of the Instrument Processing Facility (IPF v4.61 and v4.62) and provided a complete set of level-2 operational products (geo-located vertical profiles of temperature and volume mixing ratio of H2O, O-3, HNO3, CH4, N2O and NO2) with quasi continuous and global coverage in the period of MIPAS full spectral resolution mission. In this paper, we report a detailed description of the validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data, that was based on the comparison between MIPAS v4.61 (and, to a lesser extent, v4.62) O-3 VMR profiles and a comprehensive set of correlative data, including observations from ozone sondes, ground-based lidar, FTIR and microwave radiometers, remote-sensing and in situ instruments on-board stratospheric aircraft and balloons, concurrent satellite sensors and ozone fields assimilated by the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting. A coordinated effort was carried out, using common criteria for the selection of individual validation data sets, and similar methods for the comparisons. This enabled merging the individual results from a variety of independent reference measurements of proven quality (i.e. well characterized error budget) into an overall evaluation of MIPAS O-3 data quality, having both statistical strength and the widest spatial and temporal coverage. Collocated measurements from ozone sondes and ground-based lidar and microwave radiometers of the Network for the Detection Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) were selected to carry out comparisons with time series of MIPAS O-3 partial columns and to identify groups of stations and time periods with a uniform pattern of ozone differences, that were subsequently used for a vertically resolved statistical analysis. The results of the comparison are classified according to synoptic and regional systems and to altitude intervals, showing a generally good agreement within the comparison error bars in the upper and middle stratosphere. Significant differences emerge in the lower stratosphere and are only partly explained by the larger contributions of horizontal and vertical smoothing differences and of collocation errors to the total uncertainty. Further results obtained from a purely statistical analysis of the same data set from NDACC ground-based lidar stations, as well as from additional ozone soundings at middle latitudes and from NDACC ground-based FTIR measurements, confirm the validity of MIPAS O-3 profiles down to the lower stratosphere, with evidence of larger discrepancies at the lowest altitudes. The validation against O-3 VMR profiles using collocated observations performed by other satellite sensors (SAGE II, POAM III, ODIN-SMR, ACE-FTS, HALOE, GOME) and ECMWF assimilated ozone fields leads to consistent results, that are to a great extent compatible with those obtained from the comparison with ground-based measurements. Excellent agreement in the full vertical range of the comparison is shown with respect to collocated ozone data from stratospheric aircraft and balloon instruments, that was mostly obtained in very good spatial and temporal coincidence with MIPAS scans. This might suggest that the larger differences observed in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere with respect to collocated ground-based and satellite O-3 data are only partly due to a degradation of MIPAS data quality. They should be rather largely ascribed to the natural variability of these altitude regions and to other components of the comparison errors. By combining the results of this large number of validation data sets we derived a general assessment of MIPAS v4.61 and v4.62 ozone data quality. A clear indication of the validity of MIPAS O-3 vertical profiles is obtained for most of the stratosphere, where the mean relative difference with the individual correlative data sets is always lower than +/- 10%. Furthermore, these differences always fall within the combined systematic error (from 1 hPa to 50 hPa) and the standard deviation is fully consistent with the random error of the comparison (from 1 hPa to similar to 30-40 hPa). A degradation in the quality of the agreement is generally observed in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, with biases up to 25% at 100 hPa and standard deviation of the global mean differences up to three times larger than the combined random error in the range 50-100 hPa. The larger differences observed at the bottom end of MIPAS retrieved profiles can be associated, as already noticed, to the effects of stronger atmospheric gradients in the UTLS that are perceived differently by the various measurement techniques. However, further components that may degrade the results of the comparison at lower altitudes can be identified as potentially including cloud contamination, which is likely not to have been fully filtered using the current settings of the MIPAS cloud detection algorithm, and in the linear approximation of the forward model that was used for the a priori estimate of systematic error components. The latter, when affecting systematic contributions with a random variability over the spatial and temporal scales of global averages, might result in an underestimation of the random error of the comparison and add up to other error sources, such as the possible underestimates of the p and T error propagation based on the assumption of a 1 K and 2% uncertainties, respectively, on MIPAS temperature and pressure retrievals. At pressure lower than 1 hPa, only a small fraction of the selected validation data set provides correlative ozone data of adequate quality and it is difficult to derive quantitative conclusions about the performance of MIPAS O-3 retrieval for the topmost layers. C1 CNR, IFAC, Florence, Italy. Belgian Inst Space Aeron, BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys & Remote Sensing, Bremen, Germany. CNR, ISAC, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Orleans, CNRS, LPCE, Orleans, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, IPSL, Paris, France. Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, LVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot, Oxon, England. Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. Natl Inst Water & Air Res Ltd, Lauder, New Zealand. Univ Athens, Fac Phys, Dept Appl Phys, Athens, Greece. RP Cortesi, U (reprint author), CNR, IFAC, Florence, Italy. EM u.cortesi@ifac.cnr.it RI Ravegnani, Fabrizio/A-7800-2009; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Wetzel, Gerald/A-7065-2013; Oelhaf, Hermann/A-7895-2013; Bracher, Astrid/B-7805-2013; Varotsos, Costas/H-6257-2013; Cortesi, Ugo/D-2704-2012; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; OI Ravegnani, Fabrizio/0000-0003-0735-9297; Redaelli, Gianluca/0000-0002-4449-1513; Bracher, Astrid/0000-0003-3025-5517; Varotsos, Costas/0000-0001-7215-3610; Cortesi, Ugo/0000-0002-2827-5239; Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096; Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Castelli, Elisa/0000-0003-2218-5790 NR 89 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 18 BP 4807 EP 4867 PG 61 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 215CK UT WOS:000249785700007 ER PT S AU Chance, K AF Chance, Kelly BE Roueff, E TI Spectroscopic needs for atmospheric pollution measurements from space SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY OCT 15-NOV 19, 2006 CL Meudon, FRANCE SP Consell Sci Observ Paris, Observ Paris, Dept LUTh, Observ Paris, Dept LERMA, CNRS, Programme Natl Phys & Chimie Milleu Interstellaire, Programme Natl Planetol, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, Assoc Euratom CEA, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Reg Ile France DE earth atmosphere; tropospheric composition; atmospheric pollution ID PROFILER SUITE OMPS; OZONE; SPECTROMETER; INSTRUMENT AB This article provides an overview of current spectroscopic needs for measurements of atmospheric pollution from Earth satellites. This is now a sizable field of research, with some dozen satellites now performing measurements or being planned or prepared for launch. Measurements of tropospheric chemical constituents, their sources, sinks, transport, and transformation, provide crucial information on tropospheric oxidation chemistry and pollution of the lower atmosphere, and are now being employed to improve global emission inventories of odd nitrogen (NO.) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Pollution measurements include: formaldehyde (HCHO), the major proxy for VOCs; glyoxal (CHOCHO) a recent additional proxy for VOC emissions; NO(2), the major proxy for NO.; tropospheric ozone (03); carbon monoxide (CO); sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), from volcanoes and from anthropogenic pollution; and enhanced BrO over the polar ice shelves in spring. The needs for improved laboratory spectroscopic measurements for the various pollutants will be presented. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chance, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0407-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 901 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGD93 UT WOS:000246215300002 ER PT S AU Kirby, KP AF Kirby, Kate P. BE Roueff, E TI Atomic and molecular physics for forefront astronomy SO Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY OCT 15-NOV 19, 2006 CL Meudon, FRANCE SP Consell Sci Observ Paris, Observ Paris, Dept LUTh, Observ Paris, Dept LERMA, CNRS, Programme Natl Phys & Chimie Milleu Interstellaire, Programme Natl Planetol, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, Assoc Euratom CEA, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Reg Ile France DE astrophysics; spectroscopy; charge exchange; line ratios; electron impact excitation ID X-RAY; EMISSION; IONS AB Across a wide range of wavelengths and encompassing a rich menagerie of astrophysical objects and environments, the need for atomic and molecular data to advance forefront astrophysical research has never been greater. Over the last decade, astronomical discoveries, such as the detection of brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets, and the observation of new phenomena, such as x-rays from comets, have created a demand for more and different kinds of data. The next generation of ground- and space-based instruments with greater sensitivities and higher spectroscopic resolution will expand our windows on the Universe, increasing the pressure for atomic and molecular data of higher accuracy and greater completeness. Examples of recent successes as well as future opportunities for research in this area will be discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kirby, KP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0407-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 901 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGD93 UT WOS:000246215300004 ER PT S AU Silver, E Chen, G Kirby, K Brickhouse, NS Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM AF Silver, E. Chen, Gx Kirby, K. Brickhouse, N. S. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI X-ray measurements using a microcalorimeter on an electron beam ion trap SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB The X-ray telescopes and spectrometers flown on Chandra and XMM-Newton are returning exciting new data from a wide variety of cosmic sources such as stellar coronae, supemova remnants, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries. To achieve the best scientific interpretation of the data from these and future spectroscopic missions and related ground-based observations, theoretical calculations and plasma models must be verified or modified by the results obtained from measurements in the laboratory. Such measurements are the focus of several laboratory astrophysics programs that use an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) to simulate astrophysical plasma conditions. Here we describe our recent spectroscopic measurements of neon-like iron and nickel using a microcalofimeter on the EBIT at the National Institute of Standards (NIST) [1]. We obtain values for the intensity ratios of the well-known lines emitted by these ions and compare the results with new large scale electron-ion scattering calculations. Additional details about our laboratory astrophysics work can be found in some earlier papers [2-4]. C1 [Silver, E.; Chen, Gx; Kirby, K.; Brickhouse, N. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chen, Gx; Kirby, K.] ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gillaspy, J. D.; Tan, J. N.; Pomeroy, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laming, J. M.] US Navy, Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Silver, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400012 ER PT S AU Brickhouse, NS AF Brickhouse, Nancy S. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI The role of atomic physics in understanding physical processes in high energy astrophysics SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE galactic and intergalactic astronomy; solar corona; stellar systems; X-ray spectra ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FE-XVII; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT MEASUREMENTS; CHANDRA; CAPELLA; EMISSION; SPECTRUM AB X-ray grating spectra from Chandra and XMM-Newton have provided new insights into many of the physical processes present in astrophysical sources. For example, (i) shocks produced by magnetic accretion onto stellar surfaces cool as the material flows down, with density and temperature diagnostics providing tests of the accretion models; (ii) many active galactic nuclei (AGN) produce winds or outflows, detectable through X-ray absorption; (iii) active cool stars have coronal pressures several orders of magnitude larger than found on the Sun. The diagnostics used to determine temperatures, densities, elemental abundances, ionization states, and opacities require extremely accurate atomic data. At the same time, we must have a fairly complete database in order to ensure that the diagnostics are not blended or otherwise compromised. The best spectra are from bright objects with long exposures (days), but the information contained allows us to infer the location(s) of the emitting and absorbing plasmas and understand the physical properties. We will give examples to illustrate the role of atomic physics in our analyses of such spectra and the quality of data required. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brickhouse, NS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 15, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 102 EP 109 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400017 ER PT J AU Isler, ML Isler, PR Whitney, BM AF Isler, Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Whitney, Bret M. TI Species limits in antbirds (Thamnophilidae): The Warbling Antbird (Hypocnemis cantator) complex SO AUK LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; Hypocnemis; neotropics; speciation; systematics; Thamnophilidae; vocalizations ID PASSERIFORMES; BIRDS; DIFFERENTIATION; FRAGMENTATION; VOCALIZATIONS; FORMICARIIDAE AB Six populations of Warbling Antbird (Hypocnctnis cantator) currently considered subspecies are more appropriately recognized as species, given the multiplicity of vocal differences that distinguishes them. These vocal differences are as great or greater than vocal differences documented between syntopic species-pairs in the family Thamnophiliclae (Isler et al. 1998). Evidence is also provided that two forms currently considered subspecies are syntopic and that two others are parapatric without apparent physical barriers. Vocally, the pair of syntopic taxa were distinguished dramatically, but solely, by common calls. The finding that common calls were as diversified as songs in this species-group suggests that calls may be as important as songs in reproductive isolation. Future field studies should therefore focus on clarifying the function of different types of thamnophilid vocalizations and elucidating their role in speciation. This is the first contribution to a multifaceted analysis of the vocalizations and genetic structure of typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) in Amazonia. In future work, results of the vocal analysis will be compared with a parallel genetic study, after which the two analyses will be integrated to suggest a phylogeny. The present study and preliminary studies of genetic differentiation (e.g., Bates et al. 1999) make it clear that the H. cantator complex has had a long evolutionary history that produced greater species-level diversity than was recognized previously. Received 15 January 2005, accepted 12 February 2006. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool Birds, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Isler, ML (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool Birds, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM antbird@cox.net NR 30 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 11 EP 28 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[11:SLIATT]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 131GF UT WOS:000243855900002 ER PT J AU Lambert, JB Wu, YY Kozminski, MA Santiago-Blay, JA AF Lambert, Joseph B. Wu, Yuyang Kozminski, Michael A. Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. TI Characterization of eucalyptus and chemically related exudates by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; KINOS AB Exudates from six species of the genus Eucalyptus and one of the genus Corymbia ( formerly Eucalyptus), from the family Myrtaceae, have been characterized by solid-state C-13 and solution H-1 NMR spectroscopy for the first time. Although these eucalypt kinos, as these exudates often are called, resemble resin (terpenoid) and gum ( carbohydrate) exudates in physical appearance, their NMR spectra are dramatically different. In addition to lacking the characteristic terpene saturated resonances, they exhibit strong unsaturated resonances, which are weak for resins and absent for gums. We additionally report that exudates from genera of several other families of flowering plants (Amyris, Centrolobium, Guaiacum, Liquidambar, and Prosopis) also exhibit part or all of this kino spectroscopic signature. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lambert, JB (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jlambert@northwestern.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 2007 VL 60 IS 11 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1071/CH07163 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226PD UT WOS:000250600100013 ER PT J AU Boyd, AM Foley, DH AF Boyd, Ann-Marie Foley, Desmond H. TI Distribution of sibling species of the Anopheles annulipes complex (Diptera : Culicidae) in the Townsville region of Australia SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE container breeding; ecology; malaria; Ross River Dam ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; ROSS RIVER RESERVOIR; WALKER DIPTERA; MOSQUITOS; GRIFFITH; INFECTION; SOFTWARE; STAGE-1 AB As members of the Anopheles annulipes species complex have been implicated as possible malaria vectors in the past, their response to dams and urban development is of medical interest. We collected An. annulipes sensu lato (s.l.) Walker from the Ross River Dam and environs of tropical north Queensland, and scored them for 28 allozyme loci. Allozyme genotype data were analysed by the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Analysis applied to percentage fixed allelic differences (%FD) and by a Bayesian clustering approach. Both approaches revealed four groups, which differed by more than 25%FD, suggesting four species. Specimens sequenced for the Internal transcribed spacer subunit 2 of rDNA suggested that three of these groups were An. annulipes species D, species I and species O. Anopheles annulipes species D occurred in the Ross River and the Ross River Dam, An. annulipes species O inhabited rock pools, and An. annulipes species I inhabited both rock pools and artificial containers in domestic situations. Construction of the Ross River Dam appears to have benefited at least An. annulipes species D, and nearby housing development An. annulipes species I. Although An. annulipes s.l. does not appear to be a major medical risk, mosquito monitoring around Townsville may need to take into account the multispecies status of this taxon. C1 Community Response Dept, Pine Rivers Shire Council, Strathpine, Qld 4500, Australia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Foley, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Biosyst Unit, MSC MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM foleydes@si.edu OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1326-6756 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PY 2007 VL 46 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00573.x PN 2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155TN UT WOS:000245601200007 ER PT J AU Luna, GJM Costa, RDD Sokoloski, JL AF Luna, Gerardo J. M. Costa, Roberto D. D. Sokoloski, Jennifer L. TI Nebular abundances of southern symbiotic stars SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Evolution and Chemistry of Symbiotic Stars, Binary Post-AGB and Related Objects CY AUG 28-30, 2006 CL Wierzba, POLAND SP Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, LEA Astro PF DE stars : binaries : symbiotic; stars : abundances ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC BULGE AB We present relative elemental abundances for a representative sample of 53 symbiotic stars in our Galaxy. We derive the He abundances taking into account self-absorption effects in Balmer lines. Our results for N/O, Ne/O, Ar/O and He/H show that symbiotic stars follow the same trend as other well-known tracers of Galactic chemical evolution such as planetary nebulae. The increasing number of suspected symbiotic stars being discovered in X-rays and optical wavelengths suggests that symbiotic stars may play a key role in diagnostics of the Galaxy evolution in advanced stages. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Luna, GJM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, Rua Matao 1226,Cid Univ, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Dias da Costa, Roberto/F-4765-2012 OI Dias da Costa, Roberto/0000-0002-6650-9454 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 159RL UT WOS:000245883900011 ER PT J AU Phelps, SM Rand, AS Ryan, MJ AF Phelps, Steven M. Rand, A. Stanley Ryan, Michael J. TI The mixed-species chorus as public information: tungara frogs eavesdrop on a heterospecific SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal communication; anuran; eavesdropping; public information; sexual selection ID PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; NEOTROPICAL FROG; BAT PREDATION; ALARM CALLS; DOWNY WOODPECKERS; VERVET MONKEYS; CHEMICAL CUES; RECOGNITION; EVOLUTION; RESPONSES AB Multispecies choruses represent a promising but uninvestigated forum for public information. Although frogs exposed to a potential predator call more readily in the presence of conspecific calls than in their absence, none are known to make comparable use of heterospecific calls. To test for heterospecific eavesdropping, we isolated calling male tungara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus), presented them with a potential predator, and recorded their responses to playbacks of 1 of 4 stimuli: calls of a conspecific, a sympatric heterospecific (Leptodactylus labialis), an allopatric congener (Physalaemus enesefae), or silence. We found that males called more in response to the L. labialis call than to either the silent stimulus or the P. enesefae call. In contrast, the P. enesefae call did not result in significantly more calling than the silent stimulus. The conspecific call was the most effective at promoting calling. The data indicate that tungara frogs selectively attend to the call of a heterospecific. We hypothesize that such heterospecific eavesdropping contributes to the emergent behavior of mixed-species choruses. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Phelps, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM phelps@zoo.ufl.edu NR 64 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1093/beheco/ar1063 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 120CA UT WOS:000243060000014 ER PT S AU Parenti, LR AF Parenti, Lynne R. BE Ebach, MC Tangney, R TI Common cause and historical biogeography SO BIOGEOGRAPHY IN A CHANGING WORLD SE Systematics Association Special Volume Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on What is Biogeography held at 5th Biennial Meeting of the Systematics-Association CY AUG, 2005 CL Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, WALES SP Natl Museum Wales, Amgueddfa Cymru HO Cardiff Univ ID VICARIANCE BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENETIC BIOGEOGRAPHY; CLADISTIC BIOGEOGRAPHY; PARSIMONY ANALYSIS; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ANCESTRAL AREAS; ORIGIN CONCEPT; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; PACIFIC AB The search for a general pattern of area relationships for a group of taxa living in the same region lies at the core of historical or cladistic biogeography. Once a general pattern is discovered, its cause may be inferred. This sequence, first discovering a pattern, then inferring its cause, is the logical foundation of cladistic biogeography. Ignoring this sequence, for example, inferring the causes of a distribution pattern and then using those inferences to reject, or to fail to look for, a pattern, is a rejection of the principles of cladistic biogeography. One reason for ignoring this sequence is misapplication of the principles of phylogenetic systematics in biogeographic analysis. A second reason is inferring a priori, using fossil evidence, molecular data, or both, that a taxon is too young or too old to be part of a general pattern and, hence, could not have been affected by the same Earth history events as other taxa. A third reason is assuming that taxa with different dispersal abilities or ecologies are unlikely to be part of the same general pattern, therefore, unlikely to share a distributional history. There are other reasons, many discipline-specific and often correlated with adherence to a center of origin concept. Formation of redundant distribution patterns, with widespread taxa, pruned by extinction, has left some baffling, sometimes seemingly contradictory, distribution patterns worldwide and throughout geologic time. The relationship between Earth history (geology) and phylogeny and distribution patterns (biology) is still under debate. Separating identification of a pattern from inferences about the processes or mechanism that caused it remains a challenge for historical biogeography. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Fisheries, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Parenti, LR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Fisheries, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 113 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0309-2593 BN 978-0-8493-8038-9 J9 SYST ASSOC SPEC VOL JI Syst. Assoc. Spec. Vol. Ser. PY 2007 IS 70 BP 61 EP 82 PG 22 WC Biology; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BFW02 UT WOS:000245034600002 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Solis, JD Rosset, PM Diaz-Hernandez, BM Plascencia-Vargas, H Rice, RA AF Alvarez-Solis, Jose David Rosset, Peter M. Diaz-Hernandez, Blanca Mayela Plascencia-Vargas, Hector Rice, Robert A. TI Soil fertility differences across a land-use intensification gradient in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE soil fertility; land-use intensification; soil organic matter; phosphorus; Zea mays ID PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; BURN AGRICULTURE; FOREST; SLASH AB In the highlands of Chiapas, southern Mexico, soil texture and soil chemical properties were measured in 70 agricultural fields covering a range of slope positions and managements. Fields represented four corn cropping systems: long fallow, short fallow, pasture-cultivation rotation, and annual continuous cultivation, in addition to fallow at rest (forest, shrubland, and pastures). Fields were located in four slope positions (upper, middle, and lower slopes, and doline floor) in a karst landscape developed on limestone with additions of acid volcanic ashes. Distribution of clays and sands were related to the toposequence and the percentage of clay fraction increased from upper slope to doline floor. Sand presented a reverse pattern. Some soil chemical properties also vary in a characteristic way along the toposequence. Exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and pH were higher in the doline floor than in the other slope positions. Soil organic matter and total N contents were 30.4 and 35.2% higher under long fallow than under annual continuous cultivation. Soil Olsen P was greater under cultivation than under fallow (irrespective of the cropping system), with the highest values under annual continuous cultivation (16.2 +/- 8.3 mg kg(-1)) and the lowest in the forest (5.3 +/- 2.5 mg kg(-1)). Exchangeable K+ was 74 and 51% higher in cultivated plots of the long and the short fallow than under forest and shrubland, respectively. Exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ and ECEC did not vary significantly among the cropping systems. Inputs of basic cations through burning of tree and shrub vegetation increased the soil pH. These results indicate that land use intensification is leading to a decline in soil organic matter and total N, whereas Olsen P increased with intensification due to the continuous application of P fertilizers and sheep manure as soil conditioners in intensively cultivated fields. C1 El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Agroecol, Div Sist Prod Alternat, Chiapas, Mexico. Inst Food & Dev Policy, Oakland, CA 94618 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Alvarez-Solis, JD (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Agroecol, Div Sist Prod Alternat, Apartado Postal 63, Chiapas, Mexico. EM dalvarez@sclc.ecosur.mx RI Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s00374-006-0123-4 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 119RR UT WOS:000243031300013 ER PT J AU Hoffman, J Munro, C Davis, A Brown, J AF Hoffman, Jackie Munro, Coralie Davis, Adam Brown, Janine TI Analysis of immunoreactive inhibin alpha-subunit throughout the estrous cycle of asian and african elephants. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Emory Univ, Athens, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Smithosonian Natl Zool Pk Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500365 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI A new initiative to use carbon trading for tropical forest conservation SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon offsets; deforestation; global warming; greenhouse gases; Kyoto Protocol; old-growth forest; rainforest ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LAND-USE; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; KYOTO PROTOCOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAIN-FORESTS; DEFORESTATION; CORRUPTION; FEEDBACKS AB I describe a new initiative, led by a coalition of developing nations, to devise a viable mechanism for using carbon trading to protect old-growth tropical forests. I highlight some of the practical and political hurdles involved in forest-carbon trading, and explain why this initiative is rapidly gaining broad-based political support. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 49 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00229.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 123KJ UT WOS:000243294500002 ER PT J AU Andresen, E Laurance, SGW AF Andresen, Ellen Laurance, Susan G. W. TI Possible indirect effects of mammal hunting on dung beetle assemblages in Panama SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE dung beetles; hunting; mammals; Panama; rain forest; Scarabaeinae ID RAIN-FOREST; SEED DISPERSAL; LOS TUXTLAS; TROPICAL FORESTS; CENTRAL AMAZONIA; FRAGMENTATION; COMMUNITY; COLEOPTERA; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Hunting often impacts rain forest mammal communities but little is known about its indirect effects on other taxa. We examined dung beetle assemblages using pitfall and flight-intercept traps at six rain forest sites in Panama that ranged in hunting intensity. Heavily hunted sites showed altered community composition, significantly fewer species (based on rarefaction), and lower abundances of dung beetles than did sites with little hunting. Our results suggest that intensive hunting affects nontarget forest taxa and is potentially altering ecosystem functioning. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest & Ecosistemas, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Andresen, E (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest & Ecosistemas, Apartado Postal 27-7, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM andresen@oikos.unam.mx RI Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011 OI Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933 NR 46 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00239.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 123KJ UT WOS:000243294500019 ER PT J AU Funk, VA Chan, R Holland, A AF Funk, Vicki A. Chan, Raymund Holland, Ailsa TI Cymbonotus (Compositae : Arctotideae, Arctotidinae): an endemic Australian genus embedded in a southern African clade SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; Australia; chloroplast DNA; Cichorioideae; internal transcribed spacer (ITS); sequence data; South Africa ID EVOLUTION; ASTERACEAE; NDHF AB The Compositae (Asteraceae) is the largest flowering plant family if described, accepted taxa are considered. Recent revisions in the taxonomy of the family have resulted in the recognition of ten subfamilies and 35 tribes. The tribe Arctotideae is one of the smallest, with around 200 species; it contains two subtribes and several hard-to-place taxa. Previous work has shown that the subtribe Arctotidinae is well defined and is restricted to southern Africa, except for the Australian genus Cymbonotus. Molecular data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS), ndhF, and trnL-F sequences were used (24 previously published sequences; 47 new sequences) to determine the patterns of relationships within the subtribe. Twenty-three samples from the ingroup, including members of all genera and all three species of Cymbonotus, were included in the analysis, together with two outgroup taxa. Cymbonotus is monophyletic and deeply embedded in the subtribe; Haplocarpha is paraphyletic and basal in position; all other genera are monophyletic; however, Arctotis has over 60 species and only eight were sampled for this study, so additional work may prove otherwise. Arctotis is nested high in the tree and has short branch lengths; this may reflect recent radiation. By contrast, the species of the paraphyletic and basal Haplocarpha have long branches, which may indicate an older radiation and a shared ancestry with the remainder of the subtribe. The presence of Cymbonotus in Australia is most probably the result of long-distance dispersal. Journal compilation (c) 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153, 1-8. No claim to original US government works. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, NMNH, US Natl Herbarium, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Brisbane Bot Gardens Mt Coot Tha, Queensland Herbarium EPA, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Funk, VA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, NMNH, US Natl Herbarium, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM funkv@si.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 153 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00596.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 124ZR UT WOS:000243411800001 ER PT J AU Cairns, SD Bayer, FM Fautin, DG AF Cairns, Stephen D. Bayer, Frederick M. Fautin, Daphne Gail TI Galatheanthemum profundale (Anthozoa : Actiniaria) in the western Atlantic SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Galatheanthemum profundale Carlgren, 1956, is one of two known species of tube-forming sea anemones from abyssal-hadal depths. It was described from the trenches of the western Pacific Ocean, and has been reported from many trenches in the Pacific and at abyssal depths of Antarctica. Here we extend its range to the Atlantic Ocean, based on specimens collected in the Puerto Rico Trench and Virgin Islands Trough. In light of our research, it is likely that previous reports of Galatheanthemum sp. from the Atlantic Ocean refer to this species. C1 Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Fautin, DG (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM fautin@ku.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151NE UT WOS:000245296500011 ER PT B AU Davidson, JF AF Davidson, Janet F. BE Scranton, P Davidson, JF TI Afterword SO BUSINESS OF TOURISM: PLACE, FAITH, AND HISTORY SE Hagley Perspectives on Business and Culture LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Davidson, Janet F.] Smithsonian Inst, Amer Move, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-3968-3 J9 HAGLEY PERSPECT BUS PY 2007 BP 239 EP + PG 6 WC Business; Geography; History SC Business & Economics; Geography; History GA BLH86 UT WOS:000270209300010 ER PT J AU Anker, A AF Anker, Arthur TI Alpheus zimmermani sp nov., a new colourful snapping shrimp (Crustacea : Decapoda) from the Caribbean Sea SO CAHIERS DE BIOLOGIE MARINE LA English DT Article DE Alpheidae; Alpheus; snapping shrimp; new species; western Atlantic; coral reef; colour pattern ID BARTHOLOMEA-ANNULATA; ALPHEIDAE AB A new snapping shrimp, Alpheus zimmermani sp. nov. is described on the basis of a single specimen collected on a coral reef off Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea. The new species has some morphological similarities with A. bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards and A. leviusculus Dana, but differs from these taxa by the strong mediodorsal carina reaching far beyond the mid-length of the carapace, several features on the chelipeds, and by the conspicuous colour pattern. C1 Inst Smithsonian Res Trop, Panama City, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Res Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAHIERS DE BIOLOGIE MARINE PI ROSCOFF PA STATION BIOLOGIQUE PLACE GEORGES TEISSIER, 29680 ROSCOFF, FRANCE SN 0007-9723 J9 CAH BIOL MAR JI Cah. Biol. Mar. PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 218PW UT WOS:000250028400003 ER PT J AU Acevedo-Rodriguez, P AF Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro TI The extant botanical collections and nomenclatural types of Agustin Stahl, Puerto Rican botanist SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Puerto Rico; Agustin Stahl; Clusia gundlachii AB The extant original material that Agustin Stahl used for describing five new species in his Estudios sobre (para) la flora de Puerto Rico was studied. Lectotypes are designated for Hibiscus tomentosus Stahl, Marialva elliptica Stahl, Byrsonima portoricensis Stahl, and Clusia gundlachii Stahl. His known extant plant collections are cited in an appendix with reference to the herbaria where they are deposited. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Acevedo-Rodriguez, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM acevedop@si.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 189 EP 199 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 246TR UT WOS:000252030600004 ER PT B AU Saikia, DJ Konar, C Jamrozy, M Machalski, J Gupta, N Stawarz, L Mack, KH Siemiginowska, A AF Saikia, D. J. Konar, C. Jamrozy, M. Machalski, J. Gupta, Neeraj Stawarz, L. Mack, K. -H. Siemiginowska, A. BE Ho, LC Wang, JM TI Episodic activity in radio galaxies SO CENTRAL ENGINE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei CY OCT 16-21, 2006 CL Xi an Jiaotong Univ, Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Xi an Jiaotong Univ AB One of the interesting issues in our understanding of active galactic nuclei is the duration of their active phase and whether such activity is episodic. In this paper we summarize our recent results on episodic activity in radio galaxies obtained with the GMRT and the VLA. C1 [Saikia, D. J.; Konar, C.; Gupta, Neeraj] TIFR, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Jamrozy, M.; Machalski, J.; Stawarz, L.] Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow, Poland. [Stawarz, L.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. [Mack, K. -H.] INAF Inst Radioastron, Bologna, Italy. [Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MD USA. RP Saikia, DJ (reprint author), TIFR, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RI Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-307-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 373 BP 217 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGZ17 UT WOS:000251450500057 ER PT B AU Schwartz, DA AF Schwartz, Daniel A. BE Ho, LC Wang, JM TI Quasar jets at large redshift SO CENTRAL ENGINE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei CY OCT 16-21, 2006 CL Xi an Jiaotong Univ, Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Xi an Jiaotong Univ ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTENDED RADIO JETS; X-RAY JET; SCALE JETS; CHANDRA; GB-1508+5714 AB X-ray jets should become increasingly prominent relative to the radio jets and cores of quasars at redshifts greater than 1, due to the increase of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) energy density. We show here some of the predictions derived from the assumption that the X-ray emission is due to inverse Compton scattering on the CMB. While we do not yet have examples of such extreme, X-ray jet-dominated systems, the lack of complete, well-defined samples at large redshift prevents definite conclusions. C1 [Schwartz, Daniel A.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-307-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 373 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGZ17 UT WOS:000251450500077 ER PT B AU Nicastro, F Elvis, M Brickhouse, N AF Nicastro, Fabrizio Elvis, Martin Brickhouse, Nancy BE Ho, LC Wang, JM TI Time-evolving photoionization: The thin and compact X-ray wind of NGC 4051 SO CENTRAL ENGINE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei CY OCT 16-21, 2006 CL Xi an Jiaotong Univ, Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Xi an Jiaotong Univ ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; GALAXIES; QUASARS AB We discuss the power of time-evolving photoionization as a diagnostic tool to measure the electron density of photoionized gas. We apply this technique to a XMM-Newton observation of the ionized absorber in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051, and present the first measurements of the its volume density, its distance from the central ionizing source, and so its mass outflow rate. By extrapolating these measurements to high-luminosity, large-black hole mass quasars, we speculate that AGN winds can play important roles both in the AGN-host galaxy and AGN-IGM feedback processes. C1 [Nicastro, Fabrizio; Elvis, Martin; Brickhouse, Nancy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nicastro, F (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NNG05GK47G] FX F.N. acknowledges support by NASA grant NNG05GK47G. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-307-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 373 BP 301 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGZ17 UT WOS:000251450500086 ER PT B AU Lal, DV Ho, LC AF Lal, Dhararn Vir Ho, Luis C. BE Ho, LC Wang, JM TI The radio properties of type 2 quasars SO CENTRAL ENGINE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei CY OCT 16-21, 2006 CL Xi an Jiaotong Univ, Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Xi an Jiaotong Univ ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; II QUASARS; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; MODELS; LOUD AB Quasars (of type 1) are the luminous analogs of type 1 Seyfert galaxies. Within the framework of unified models of active galaxies, the population of quasars of type 2 recently discovered with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are the luminous analogs of type 2 Seyfert galaxies. Since our knowledge and understanding of the radio properties of these type 2 quasars are very limited, we have performed Very Large Array observations for a sub-sample of such sources. Our detection rate of 61% is consistent with the detection rate for other AGN samples. We do not find a correlation between radio and [O III] lambda 5007 luminosities for these sources. Although the distribution of spectral indices is similar to that of the 3C sources, the lack of dependence of radio luminosity on [O III] lambda 5007 luminosity suggests that not all sources in the sample are genuine AGNs. C1 [Lal, Dhararn Vir] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Lal, Dhararn Vir] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ho, Luis C.] Observ Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Lal, DV (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-307-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 373 BP 479 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGZ17 UT WOS:000251450500121 ER PT B AU Grindlay, JE AF Grindlay, Jonathan E. BE Ho, LC Wang, JM TI AGN variability surveys: DASCH from BATSS to EXIST SO CENTRAL ENGINE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei CY OCT 16-21, 2006 CL Xi an Jiaotong Univ, Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Xi an Jiaotong Univ ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AB Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are variable on a wide range of timescales, though relatively few systematic variability surveys have been conducted. Previous broad-band (both spectral and temporal) variability surveys of AGN are limited in their temporal and spectral bandwidth, despite their promise for probing the central engine and black hole mass. We outline optimal properties for variability studies and provide a brief summary of three new variability surveys, two (BATSS and DASCH) about to begin and the third (EXIST) possible within the next decade, which will open new windows on the physics and fundamental properties of AGN. C1 [Grindlay, Jonathan E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-307-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 373 BP 711 EP 714 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGZ17 UT WOS:000251450500178 ER PT J AU Lin, J AF Lin, Jun TI Observational features of large-scale structures as revealed by the catastrophe model of solar eruptions SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE sun : large-scale magnetic structures; sun : eruptive processes; sun : theory and observations; magnetic reconnection and current sheets ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; II RADIO-BURSTS; RECONNECTING CURRENT SHEETS; MAGNETIC-FLUX TRANSPORT; RAY FLARE EMISSION; 2002 JULY 23; EMERGING FLUX; ACTIVE REGIONS; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION AB Large-scale magnetic structures are the main carrier of major eruptions in the solar atmosphere. These structures are rooted in the photosphere and are driven by the unceasing motion of the photospheric material through a series of equilibrium configurations. The motion brings energy into the coronal magnetic field until the system ceases to be in equilibrium. The catastrophe theory for solar eruptions indicates that loss of mechanical equilibrium constitutes the main trigger mechanism of major eruptions, usually shown up as solar flares, eruptive prominences, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Magnetic reconnection which takes place at the very beginning of the eruption as a result of plasma instabilities/turbulence inside the current sheet, converts magnetic energy into heating and kinetic energy that are responsible for solar flares, and for accelerating both plasma ejecta (flows and CMEs) and energetic particles. Various manifestations are thus related to one another, and the physics behind these relationships is catastrophe and magnetic reconnection. This work reports on recent progress in both theoretical research and observations on eruptive phenomena showing the above manifestations. We start by displaying the properties of large-scale structures in the corona and the related magnetic fields prior to an eruption, and show various morphological features of the disrupting magnetic fields. Then, in the framework of the catastrophe theory, we look into the physics behind those features investigated in a succession of previous works, and discuss the approaches they used. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Natl Astron Observ, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Natl Astron Observ, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. EM jlin@ynao.ac.cn RI LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 NR 178 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 457 EP 476 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/7/4/01 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209CL UT WOS:000249365900001 ER PT J AU Li, SP Gu, QS Zhao, YH Huang, JS Luo, XL AF Sheng-Peng Li Qiu-Sheng Gu Ying-He Zhao Jia-Sheng Huang Xin-Lian Luo TI A study of the star-forming dwarf galaxy NGC 855 with Spitzer SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical; galaxies : individual : NGC 855 ID ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; HUBBLE SEQUENCE; SPACE-TELESCOPE; IONIZED-GAS; SKY SURVEY; H-ALPHA; PHOTOMETRY; EVOLUTION; FEATURES AB We present a study of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 855 using the narrow-band Ha and Spitzer data. Both the H alpha and Spitzer IRAC images confirm star-forming activity in the center of NGC 855. We obtained a star formation rate (SFR) of 0.022 and 0.025M(circle dot) yr(-1), respectively, from the Spitzer IRAC 8.0 mu m and MIPS 24 mu m emission data. The HI observation suggests that the star-forming activity might be triggered by a minor merger. We also find that there is a distinct IR emission region in 5.8 and 8.0 mu m bands, located at about 10 '' away from the nucleus of NGC 855. Given the strong 8.0 mu m but faint H alpha emission, we expect that it is a heavily obscured star-forming region, which needs to be confirmed by further optical spectroscopic observations. C1 [Sheng-Peng Li; Qiu-Sheng Gu; Ying-He Zhao; Xin-Lian Luo] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Jia-Sheng Huang] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Li, SP (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM sandaoren@163.com NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 764 EP 770 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/7/6/03 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245MF UT WOS:000251938500003 ER PT J AU Kradinov, V Madenci, E Ambur, DR AF Kradinov, V. Madenci, E. Ambur, D. R. TI Application of genetic algorithm for optimum design of bolted composite lap joints SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE lap joints; bolt; optimization; composite; design variables ID STACKING-SEQUENCE AB The genetic algorithm (GA), a powerful optimization technique for multiple extrema functions in multidimensional search spaces, is applied in conjunction with stress analysis to achieve optimum designs of bolted composite lap joints. The objective of the optimization is to ensure the highest strength of the joint. In this study, the laminate thickness, laminate Jay-up, bolt location, bolt flexibility, and bolt size are considered as design variables. The contact stresses (bolt loads) are determined by a combined complex potential and variational formulation. In this formulation, the equilibrium equations are satisfied exactly and the boundary conditions are enforced by minimizing the total potential. The contact stresses as well as the contact region are determined through an iterative procedure as part of a solution method that accounts for the effects of finite geometry and by-pass loading. The fitness function for the GA optimization is based on the average stress failure criterion for predicting net-section, shear-out, and bearing failure modes in bolted lap joints. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Struct Anal & Design Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Madenci, E (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM madenci@email.arizona.edu NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.06.009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 114FQ UT WOS:000242652500002 ER PT B AU Lai, K Huang, JS Fazio, G Cowie, LL Hu, EM Kakazu, Y AF Lai, Kamson Huang, Jia-Sheng Fazio, Giovanni Cowie, Lennox L. Hu, Esther M. Kakazu, Yuko BE Metcalfe, N Shanks, T TI The stellar population of Ly alpha emitting galaxies at z similar to 5.7 SO COSMIC FRONTIERS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cosmic Frontiers CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Durham Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, ENGLAND HO Durham Univ, Dept Phys ID Z-APPROXIMATE-TO-6; SPITZER AB We present a study of three Ly alpha emitting galaxies at z similar to 5.7, selected via a narrow-band survey in the GOODS northern field. Using HST ACS and Spitzer IRAC data, we constrain the rest-frame UV-to-optical spectral energy distributions of the galaxies, and derive mass and age estimates based on stellar population synthesis modeling. A comparison of our narrow-band selected objects to other IRAC-detected z similar to 6 i'-dropout galaxies is also presented. C1 [Lai, Kamson; Huang, Jia-Sheng; Fazio, Giovanni] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lai, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Mail Stop 10,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-320-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 379 BP 309 EP 311 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHJ45 UT WOS:000253562800062 ER PT B AU Tran, KVH AF Tran, Kim-Vy H. BE Metcalfe, N Shanks, T TI A keck spectroscopic study of MS 1054-03 (z=0.83): Forming the red sequence SO COSMIC FRONTIERS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cosmic Frontiers CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Durham Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, ENGLAND HO Durham Univ, Dept Phys ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; CLUSTER GALAXIES; DISTANT CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOMETRY; COMA; S0 AB Using a magnitude-limited, spectroscopic survey of the X-ray luminous galaxy cluster MS 1054-03, we isolate 153 cluster galaxies and measure MS1054's redshift and velocity dispersion to be z = 0.8307 +/- 0.0004 and sigma(z) = 1156 +/- 82 km s(-1). The absorption-line, post-starburst ("E+A"), and emission-line galaxies respectively make up 63 +/- 7%, 15 +/- 4%, and 23 +/- 4% of the cluster population. With photometry from HST/ACS, we find that the absorption-line members define an exceptionally tight red sequence over a span of similar to 3.5 magnitudes in i(775): their intrinsic scatter in (V-606-i(775)) color is only 0.048 +/- 0.008, corresponding to a (U-B)(z) scatter of 0.041. Their color scatter is comparable to that of the ellipticals (sigma(Vi) = 0.055 +/- 0.008), but measurably smaller than that of the combined E+S0 sample (sigma(Vi) = 0.072 +/- 0.010). The color scatter of MS1054's absorption-line population is approximately twice that of the ellipticals in Coma; this difference is consistent with passive evolution where most of the absorption-line members (> 75%) formed by z similar to 2, and all of them by z similar to 1.2. C1 [Tran, Kim-Vy H.] Leiden Observ, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. [Tran, Kim-Vy H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tran, KVH (reprint author), Leiden Observ, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-320-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 379 BP 348 EP 349 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHJ45 UT WOS:000253562800079 ER PT S AU Erb, DK AF Erb, D. K. BE Emsellem, E Wozniak, H Massacrier, G Gonzalez, JF Devriendt, J Champavert, N TI Galaxy metallicities, masses and outflows at redshifts 1 less than or similar to Z less than or similar to 3: An observational perspective SO CRAL-2006 Chemodynamics: From First Stars to Local Galaxies SE EAS PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CRAL International Conference on Chemodynamics - From First Stars to Local Galaxies CY JUL 10-14, 2006 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP Ctr Astrophys Res Lyon ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; FRAME OPTICAL-SPECTRA; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; STARBURST GALAXIES; ALPHA-SYSTEMS; MS 1512-CB58; ABUNDANCES; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2; SPECTROSCOPY AB I review the most widely used methods of determining chemical abundances in galaxies at 1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3, including emission and absorption line techniques (including a brief discussion of Damped Lyman Alpha systems). Most star-forming galaxies at these redshifts show significant enrichment, with similar to 1/3 solar to similar to solar metallicities. They are overluininous for their metallicities compared to local galaxies, and the mass-metallicity relation at z similar to 2 is offset to lower metallicities compared to the local relation. Metals are also seen in the IGM at these redshifts, most likely from galactic-scale outflows in the galaxies themselves. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Erb, DK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0013-1 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2007 VL 24 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1051/eas:2007027 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ36 UT WOS:000247414600025 ER PT J AU Tan, SW Timm, GE Amcoff, P AF Tan, Shirlee W. Timm, Gary E. Amcoff, Patric TI History and genesis of the detailed review of thyroid hormone disruption assays SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE assays; screens; tests; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; (OECD); thyroid hormone disruption; United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) AB This issue presents the detailed review paper (DRP) on thyroid hormone disruption assays that was prepared for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and that exists as an OECD monograph. However, this document is now available here in one issue of Critical Reviews in Toxicology as a series of published articles. The original document has been modified in several ways. First, an overview (now article 2) was added to discuss how new data and new directions for thyroid research will play an important role in shaping thyroid assays as they evolve. Second, each of the original chapters of the thyroid DRP have been separated into individual papers. The appendices of the original DRP were removed and will be merged and published separately. C1 US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Environm Directorate, Hlth & Safety Div, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. RP Tan, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM tan.shirlee@epa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1080/10408440601120855 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100001 PM 17364702 ER PT J AU Tan, SW Zoeller, RT AF Tan, Shirlee W. Zoeller, R. Thomas TI Integrating basic research on thyroid hormone action into screening and testing programs for thyroid disruptors SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE deiodinase; hormone transport; lodothyronine; monocarboxylate anion transporter 8 (MCT8); thyroid hormones (TH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroxin (T-4); 3,3 ',5 '-triiodothyronine (T-3) ID DOSE-RESPONSE; TRANSTHYRETIN; BINDING; TRANSPORTER; EVOLUTION; CHEMICALS; RECEPTOR; RATS; MICE; AXIS AB Thyroid hormone signaling is highly conserved among all the vertebrates, and appears to be present in some invertebrates. Both the components that comprise the system and its general role in development and physiology are evolutionarily conserved, although specific events regulated by thyroid hormones, such as amphibian metamorphosis, may differ among taxonomic groups. The articles in this issue review the thyroid systems of mammals (specifically humans and rodents), fish, amphibians, and birds, and the states of the assays and endpoints used to detect disruption of the thyroid system within a toxicological paradigm. It must be noted that while reptiles represent an enormously important group, they were excluded because there was not enough information in the literature on thyroid toxicology in reptiles at the time that this series of reviews was drafted. Each review highlights the best assays for current regulatory use and those that may be considered for development for future use and research. However, it is important to remember that thyroid research is moving ahead at a fast pace. New thyroid research will impact the design of future thyroid assays used for the detection of thyroid system disruption in ways that may not be anticipated at the time of this writing. Several new areas of exploration are discussed that reveal potential sites of disruption in the thyroid system, including (1) the importance of the neural drive for TSH upregulation, (2) thyroid hormone transport, including cellular transporters like monocarboxylate anion transporter 8 (MCT8) that can regulate thyroid hormone action at the cellular level, and thyroid hormone-binding proteins in the serum that have been shown to differentially bind to environmental chemicals (e.g., certain PCB congeners), and (3) the deiodinases as a target for disruption of thyroid hormone activity in the peripheral thyroid system. The review papers in this issue represent the current state of thyroid assays and endpoints for detection of chemicals that disrupt the thyroid system. C1 US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 22 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1080/10408440601123396 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100002 PM 17364703 ER PT J AU Zoeller, RT Tan, SW Tyl, RW AF Zoeller, R. Thomas Tan, Shirlee W. Tyl, Rochelle W. TI General background on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE deiodinase; iodination/deiodination; hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis; T3 (triiodothyronine); T4 (tetraiodothyronine; thyroxine); thyroid gland; thyroid hormone (TH); TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone); TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone; thyrotropin); TH receptor (TR) alpha/beta; thyroglobulin (Tg); thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG); transthyretin (TTR) ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; TRANSIENT CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; FOLLICULAR CELL-PROLIFERATION; FETAL-RAT BRAIN; MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION AB This article reviews the thyroid system, mainly from a mammalian standpoint. However, the thyroid system is highly conserved among vertebrate species, so the general information on thyroid hormone production and feedback through the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis should be considered for all vertebrates, while species-specific differences are highlighted in the individual articles. This background article begins by outlining the HPT axis with its components and functions. For example, it describes the thyroid gland, its structure and development, how thyroid hormones are synthesized and regulated, the role of iodine in thyroid hormone synthesis, and finally how the thyroid hormones are released from the thyroid gland. It then progresses to detail areas within the thyroid system where disruption could occur or is already known to occur. It describes how thyroid hormone is transported in the serum and into the tissues on a cellular level, and how thyroid hormone is metabolized. There is an in-depth description of the alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors and their functions, including how they are regulated, and what has been learned from the receptor knockout mouse models. The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone are also described, such as in glucose uptake, mitochondrial effects, and its role in actin polymerization and vesicular recycling. The article discusses the concept of compensation within the HPT axis and how this fits into the paradigms that exist in thyroid toxicology/endocrinology. There is a section on thyroid hormone and its role in mammalian development: specifically, how it affects brain development when there is disruption to the maternal, the fetal, the newborn (congenital), or the infant thyroid system. Thyroid function during pregnancy is critical to normal development of the fetus, and several spontaneous mutant mouse lines are described that provide research tools to understand the mechanisms of thyroid hormone during mammalian brain development. Overall this article provides a basic understanding of the thyroid system and its components. The complexity of the thyroid system is clearly demonstrated, as are new areas of research on thyroid hormone physiology and thyroid hormone action developing within the field of thyroid endocrinology. This review provides the background necessary to review the current assays and endpoints described in the following articles for rodents, fishes, amphibians, and birds. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RTI Int, Ctr Life Sci & Toxicol, DART, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tan.shirlee@epa.gov NR 464 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 13 U2 99 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 53 DI 10.1080/10408440601123446 PG 43 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100003 PM 17364704 ER PT J AU Zoeller, RT Tyl, RW Tan, SW AF Zoeller, R. Thomas Tyl, Rochelle W. Tan, Shirlee W. TI Current and potential rodent screens and tests for thyroid toxicants SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cerebellar development (proliferation, apoptosis, migration; differentiation); in vitro screens; in vivo screens; regulatory screens and tests; serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels; TH receptor binding and activation; thyroid gland weight and histopathology; thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroid system toxicants ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FETAL-RAT BRAIN; FOLLICULAR CELL-PROLIFERATION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AROCLOR-1254; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HORMONE RECEPTOR ALPHA-1; IODIDE TRANSPORT DEFECT; IN-SITU DETECTION AB This article reviews current rodent screens and tests to detect thyroid toxicants. Many points of disruption for thyroid toxicants are outlined and include: (a) changes in serum hormone level; (b) thyroperoxidase inhibitors; (c) the perchlorate discharge test; (d) inhibitors of iodide uptake; (e) effects on iodothyronine deiodinases; (f) effects on thyroid hormone action; and (g) role of binding proteins (e.g., rodent transthyretin). The major thyroid endpoints currently utilized in existing in vivo assay protocols of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Japanese researchers, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) include thyroid gland weight, histopathology, circulating thyroid hormone measurements, and circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). These endpoints can be added into the existing in vivo assays for reproduction, development, and neurodevelopment that are outlined in this chapter. Strategic endpoints for possible addition to existing protocols to detect effects on developmental and adult thyroid endpoints are discussed. Many of these endpoints for detecting thyroid system disruption require development and additional research before they can be considered in existing assays. Examples of these endpoints under development include computer-assisted morphometry of the brain and evaluation of treatment-related changes in gene expression, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH challenge tests, and tests to evaluate thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent developmental events, especially in the rodent brain (e.g., measures of cerebellar and cortical proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, planimetric measures and gene expression, and oligodendrocyte differentiation). Finally, TH-responsive genes and proteins as well as enzyme activities are being explored. Existing in vitro tests are also reviewed, for example, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, receptor binding, and receptor activation assays, and their restrictions are described. The in vivo assays are currently the most appropriate for understanding the potential effects of a thyroid toxicant on the thyroid system. The benefits and potential limitations of the current in vivo assays are listed, and a discussion of the rodent thyroid system in the context of human health is touched upon. Finally, the importance of understanding the relationship between timing of exposure, duration of dose, and time of acquisition of the endpoints in interpreting the results of the in vivo assays is emphasized. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RTI Int, Dev & Reprod Toxicol DART Studies Ctr Life Sci &, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu NR 226 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 95 DI 10.1080/10408440601123461 PG 41 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100004 PM 17364705 ER PT J AU Zoeller, RT Tan, SW AF Zoeller, R. Thomas Tan, Shirlee W. TI Implications of research on assays to characterize thyroid toxicants SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE endocrine disruption; screening and testing; thyroid toxicity; thyroxine ID XENOPUS-LAEVIS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; MESSENGER-RNA; HORMONE; METAMORPHOSIS; EXPRESSION; ONTOGENY; SYSTEM; RATS AB Many aspects of thyroid endocrinology are very well conserved across vertebrate taxa. These aspects include thyroid hormone chemistry, the mechanism of its synthesis, and the proteins involved in these processes. In addition, the system by which the hormone is delived from the thyroid gland to target cells, including transport and regulation within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and the proteins that regulate the different components of this delivery system appear to be highly conserved across the vertebrates. Finally, the receptors that mediate thyroid hormone action and the roles thyroid hormone plays are very similar among the vertebrates. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to provide a brief synopsis of the literature supporting existing screening and testing strategies in different vertebrate taxa, and to provide insight into the strengths, weaknesses, and likely changes over time. It was determined during this review that, because of the complexity of the thyroid system, it is unlikely that current in vitro assays for thyroid toxicity will be able to sufficiently replace in vivo assays for thyroid toxicants. However, the in vitro assays serve an important purpose in providing mode of action information and could provide potential screening tools, and should continue to be developed for use. Moreover, because in vivo assays are added on to preexisting reproductive or developmental screens and tests, there are no additional animals required for the in vivo assays. Specific in vitro assays were identified for development, including the thyroid receptor binding and activation assays, and in vitro assays to evaluate thyroid hormone action. Some in vivo endpoints suggested for further research included neuronal differentiation and migration, measures of histogenesis, and measures for thyroid gland thyroid hormone content, which may be more sensitive indicators of TSH stimulation. The most commonly used endpoints currently used to monitor thyroid function are thyroid hormone levels (T-3 and T-4), TSH, thyroid gland weight, and thyroid histology. Thyroid endocrinology is rapidly advancing and new discoveries will certainly warrant incorporation into future assays. The development of additional endpoints that measure thyroid hormone's actions peripheral to the HPT axis and the development of new reagents for nonmammalian vertebrate species will significantly improve the ability of today's assays to detect chemicals that disrupt the thyroid system in multiple vertebrate species. It is our hope that this series of thyroid articles will provide regulators and research scientists the information needed for each individual to identify the assays and endpoints most suited for their specific purposes. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu; tan.shirlee@epa.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1080/10408440601123578 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100008 PM 17364709 ER PT J AU Krupnik, I Ray, GC AF Krupnik, Igor Ray, G. Carleton TI Pacific walruses, indigenous hunters, and climate change: Bridging scientific and indigenous knowledge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBEC Symposium on Effects of Climate Variability on Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystems CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Bering sea; climate change; indigenous knowledge; Odobenus rosmarus; walrus ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; BERING-SEA; ICE; ALASKA; HARVEST; BAY; TEK AB This paper presents and evaluates two perspectives on changing climate-walrus-human relationships in the Beringian region, from the viewpoints of marine biology and ecology, and from that of indigenous hunters. Bridging these types of knowledge is vital in order to grasp the complexity of the processes involved and for advancing understanding of subarctic marine ecosystems that are currently experiencing rapid ecological and social change. We argue that despite substantial gaps and distinctions, information generated by scientists and indigenous hunters have many similarities. Differences in interpretation are primarily due to scaling and temporal rates of change of knowledge, which could be rectified through more active sharing of expertise and records, enhanced documentation of indigenous observations, more collaborative research, and increased insight from the social sciences. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ray, G. Carleton] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Arctic Studies Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM krupniki@si.edu; cr@virginia.edu NR 58 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 23-26 BP 2946 EP 2957 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.011 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251PK UT WOS:000252385500032 ER PT S AU Pearlman, M Altamimi, Z Beck, N Forsberg, R Gurtner, W Kenyon, S Behrend, D Lemoine, FG Ma, C Noll, CE Pavlis, EC Malkin, Z Moore, AW Webb, FH Neilan, RE Ries, JC Rothacher, M Willis, P AF Pearlman, M. Altamimi, Z. Beck, N. Forsberg, R. Gurtner, W. Kenyon, S. Behrend, D. Lemoine, F. G. Ma, C. Noll, C. E. Pavlis, E. C. Malkin, Z. Moore, A. W. Webb, F. H. Neilan, R. E. Ries, J. C. Rothacher, M. Willis, P. BE Tregoning, P Rizos, C TI GGOS working group on ground networks and communications SO DYNAMIC PLANET: MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING A DYNAMIC PLANET WITH GEODETIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC TOOLS SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG Symposium on Dynamic Planet CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IAG DE GGOS; GEOSS; IAG; GPS; SLR; VLBI; DORIS; gravity; tides; geoid ID REFERENCE FRAME; SERVICE; DORIS; SYSTEM; GPS AB Properly designed and structured ground-based geodetic networks materialize the reference systems to support sub-mm global change measurements over space, time and evolving technologies. Over this past year, the Ground Networks and Communications Working Group (GN&C WG) has been organized under the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) to work with the IAG measurement services (the IGS, ILRS, IVS, IDS and IGFS) to develop a strategy for building, integrating, and maintaining the fundamental network of instruments and supporting infrastructure in a sustainable way to satisfy the long-term (10-20 year) requirements identified by the GGOS Science Council. Activities of this Working Group include the investigation of the status quo and the development of a plan for full network integration to support improvements in terrestrial reference frame establishment and maintenance, Earth orientation and gravity field monitoring, precision orbit determination, and other geodetic and gravimetric applications required for the long-term observation of global change. This integration process includes the development of a network of fundamental stations with as many co-located techniques as possible, with precisely determined intersystem vectors. This network would exploit the strengths of each technique and minimize the weaknesses where possible. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Altamimi, Z.] Inst Geog Natl, F-77455 Marne la Vallee, France. [Beck, N.] Natl Res Council Canada, Geodet Survey Div, Ottawa, ON K1A OE9, Canada. [Forsberg, R.] Danish Natl Space Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gurtner, W.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Kenyon, S.] National Geospat Intelligence Agcy, Arnold, MO 63010 USA. [Behrend, D.; Lemoine, F. G.; Ma, C.; Noll, C. E.; Pavlis, E. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Malkin, Z.] Inst Appl Astron, St Petersburg 191187, Russia. [Moore, A. W.; Webb, F. H.; Neilan, R. E.; Willis, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ries, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rothacher, M.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Willis, P.] Inst Geog Natl, F-94160 St Mande, France. RP Pearlman, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Willis, Pascal/A-8046-2008; Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009; Noll, Carey/D-8884-2012; Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012; Malkin, Zinovy/C-1560-2008 OI Willis, Pascal/0000-0002-3257-0679; Malkin, Zinovy/0000-0002-5583-8391 FU IAG services FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of IAG services (IGS, ILRS, IVS, IDS, IGFS, and IERS) and their participating organizations. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-540-49349-5 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2007 VL 130 BP 719 EP + PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography GA BFY17 UT WOS:000245419400103 ER PT S AU Pearlman, M Noll, C Gurtner, W Noomen, R AF Pearlman, M. Noll, C. Gurtner, W. Noomen, R. BE Tregoning, P Rizos, C TI The International Laser Ranging Service and its support for GGOS SO DYNAMIC PLANET: MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING A DYNAMIC PLANET WITH GEODETIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC TOOLS SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG Symposium on Dynamic Planet CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IAG DE space geodesy; satellite laser ranging (SLR); lunar laser ranging (LLR); International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS); terrestrial reference frame; GGOS AB The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) was established in September 1998 as a service within the IAG to support programs in geodetic, geophysical, and lunar research activities and to provide data products to the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) in support of its prime objectives. The ILRS develops the standards and specifications necessary for product consistency and the priorities and tracking strategies required to maximize network efficiency. This network consists of more than forty SLR stations, routinely tracking nearly thirty retroreflector-equipped satellites and the Moon in support of user needs. The Service collects, merges, analyzes, archives and distributes satellite and lunar laser ranging data to satisfy a variety of scientific, engineering, and operational needs and encourages the application of new technologies to enhance the quality, quantity, and cost effectiveness of its data products. The ILRS works with the global network to improve station performance, new satellite missions in the design and building of retroreflector targets to maximize data quality and quantity, and science programs to optimize scientific data yield. The ILRS Central Bureau maintains a comprehensive web site (http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov) as the primary vehicle for the distribution of information within the ILRS community. During the last few years, the ILRS has addressed very important challenges: (1) Data from the network stations are now submitted hourly and made available immediately through the data centers, (2) Tracking on low orbit satellites has been significantly improved through the sub-daily issuance of predictions, drag functions, and the real-time exchange of time biases, (3) Analysis products are now submitted in SINEX format for compatibility with the other space geodesy techniques, (4) The Analysis Working Group is now generating an operational station position and Earth Orientation Parameter (EOP) product, and (5) SLR has significantly increased its participation in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) activity. C1 [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Noll, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gurtner, W.] Univ Bern, Inst Astron, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Noomen, R.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. RP Pearlman, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Noll, Carey/D-8884-2012; Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 FU International Laser Ranging Service and its contributing organizations FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the International Laser Ranging Service and its contributing organizations. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-540-49349-5 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2007 VL 130 BP 741 EP + PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography GA BFY17 UT WOS:000245419400106 ER PT J AU Jackson, JBC AF Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI Economic incentives, social norms, and the crisis of fisheries SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEF MANAGEMENT; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB This year's Kyoto prize signals the long overdue recognition of the fundamental interdependence of economic and ecologic systems for the protection and maintenance of ecosystem services and human well-being. Levin (2006) and Vincent (2007) point to several of the more important ways that interdisciplinary approaches will be essential to the better quantification and understanding of the economic contributions of ecosystem services, but they differ fundamentally in their relative faith in the evolution of new social norms versus economic incentives backed up by sanctions to achieve the necessary cooperation for environmental protection. In the case of marine fisheries, social norms have proven highly effective on small spatial scales but have not taken root in the face of increasingly global markets and free trade. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Jackson, JBC (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jbjackson@ucsd.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 16 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s11284-006-0075-z PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125SR UT WOS:000243463300007 ER PT J AU Miriti, MN Rodriguez-Buritica, S Wright, SJ Howe, HF AF Miriti, Maria N. Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana Wright, S. Joseph Howe, Henry F. TI Episodic death across species of desert shrubs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia dumosa; drought; episodic mortality; Larrea tridentate; Tetracoccus hallii ID CHRYSOTHAMNUS-NAUSEOSUS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; MOJAVE-DESERT; FACILITATION; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTS; ASSOCIATIONS; VARIABILITY AB Extreme events shape population and community trajectories. We report episodic mortality across common species of thousands of long-lived perennials individually tagged and monitored for 20 years in the Colorado Desert of California following severe regional drought. Demographic records from 1984 to 2004 show 15 years of virtual stasis in populations of adult shrubs and cacti, punctuated by a 55-100% die-off of six of the seven most common perennial species. In this episode, adults that experienced reduced growth in a lesser drought during 1984-1989 failed to survive the drought of 2002. The significance of this event is potentially profound because population dynamics of long-lived plants can be far more strongly affected by deaths of adults, which in deserts potentially live for centuries, than by seedling births or deaths. Differential mortality and rates of recovery during and after extreme climatic events quite likely determine the species composition of plant and associated animal communities for at least decades. The die-off recorded in this closely monitored community provides a unique window into the mechanics of this process of species decline and replacement. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Miriti, MN (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM miriti.1@osu.edu RI Howe, Henry F/B-8749-2014; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Howe, Henry F/0000-0001-5081-2128; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 36 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[32:EDASOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156RZ UT WOS:000245668300005 PM 17489450 ER PT J AU Ewers, RM Thorpe, S Didham, RK AF Ewers, Robert M. Thorpe, Stephen Didham, Raphael K. TI Synergistic interactions between edge and area effects in a heavily fragmented landscape SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE area effects; Coleoptera; edge effects; habitat fragmentation; landscape ecology; matrix habitat; New Zealand; scale; species-area relationship; synergistic interactions ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPECIES RESPONSES; MODELS; EXTINCTION; ASSEMBLAGE; ORDINATION; RICHNESS; BIRDS AB Both area and edge effects have a strong influence on ecological processes in fragmented landscapes, but there is little understanding of how these two factors might interact to exacerbate local species declines. To test for synergistic interactions between area and edge effects, we sampled a diverse beetle community in a heavily fragmented landscape in New Zealand. More than 35 000 beetles of similar to 900 species were sampled over large gradients in habitat area ( 10(-2)-10(6) ha) and distance from patch edge ( 2(0)-2(10) m from the forest edge into both the forest and adjacent matrix). Using a new approach to partition variance following an ordination analysis, we found that a synergistic interaction between habitat area and distance to edge was a more important determinant of patterns in beetle community composition than direct edge or area effects alone. The strength of edge effects in beetle-species composition increased nonlinearly with increasing fragment area. One important consequence of the synergy is that the slopes of species-area ( SA) curves constructed from habitat islands depend sensitively on the distance from edge at which sampling is conducted. Surprisingly, we found negative SA curves for communities sampled at intermediate distances from habitat edges, caused by differential edge responses of matrix- vs. forest-specialist species in fragments of increasing area. Our data indicate that distance to habitat edge has a consistently greater impact on beetle community composition than habitat area and that variation in the strength of edge effects may underlie many patterns that are superficially related to habitat area. C1 Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Auckland Museum, Dept Entomol, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Didham, RK (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM raphael.didham@canterbury.ac.nz RI Didham, Raphael/B-5953-2011 NR 35 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 69 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[96:SIBEAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156RZ UT WOS:000245668300013 PM 17489458 ER PT J AU Melbourne, BA Cornell, HV Davies, KF Dugaw, CJ Elmendorf, S Freestone, AL Hall, RJ Harrison, S Hastings, A Holland, M Holyoak, M Lambrinos, J Moore, K Yokomizo, H AF Melbourne, Brett A. Cornell, Howard V. Davies, Kendi F. Dugaw, Christopher J. Elmendorf, Sarah Freestone, Amy L. Hall, Richard J. Harrison, Susan Hastings, Alan Holland, Matt Holyoak, Marcel Lambrinos, John Moore, Kara Yokomizo, Hiroyuki TI Invasion in a heterogeneous world: resistance, coexistence or hostile takeover? SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE community ecology; environmental heterogeneity hypothesis; impact; invader-driven heterogeneity; invasibility; spatial heterogeneity; spatial spread; temporal heterogeneity ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMPETITIVE COEXISTENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY; CALIFORNIA GRASSLAND; DISTURBANCE REGIMES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM AB We review and synthesize recent developments in the study of the invasion of communities in heterogeneous environments, considering both the invasibility of the community and impacts to the community. We consider both empirical and theoretical studies. For each of three major kinds of environmental heterogeneity (temporal, spatial and invader-driven), we find evidence that heterogeneity is critical to the invasibility of the community, the rate of spread, and the impacts on the community following invasion. We propose an environmental heterogeneity hypothesis of invasions, whereby heterogeneity both increases invasion success and reduces the impact to native species in the community, because it promotes invasion and coexistence mechanisms that are not possible in homogeneous environments. This hypothesis could help to explain recent findings that diversity is often increased as a result of biological invasions. It could also explain the scale dependence of the diversity-invasibility relationship. Despite the undoubted importance of heterogeneity to the invasion of communities, it has been studied remarkably little and new research is needed that simultaneously considers invasion, environmental heterogeneity and community characteristics. As a young field, there is an unrivalled opportunity for theoreticians and experimenters to work together to build a tractable theory informed by data. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, F-91405 Orsay, France. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Environm & Informat Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. RP Melbourne, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bamelbourne@ucdavis.edu RI Hastings, Alan/A-7423-2008; Holyoak, Marcel/C-3475-2009; Yokomizo, Hiroyuki/A-4276-2011; Hall, Richard/A-3931-2013; OI Yokomizo, Hiroyuki/0000-0001-9814-8465; Holyoak, Marcel/0000-0001-9727-3627 NR 87 TC 183 Z9 188 U1 15 U2 142 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 77 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00987.x PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117WI UT WOS:000242903600008 PM 17204119 ER PT J AU Potts, R AF Potts, Richard TI Paleoclimate and human evolution SO EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT News Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Potts, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pottsr@si.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1060-1538 J9 EVOL ANTHROPOL JI Evol. Anthropol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1002/evan.20121 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 142NB UT WOS:000244655500001 ER PT B AU Beck, R Gaensler, B Feretti, L AF Beck, R. Gaensler, B. Feretti, L. BE Lobanov, AP Zensus, JA Cesarsky, C Diamond, PJ TI SKA and the magnetic universe SO EXPLORING THE COSMIC FRONTIER: ASTROPHYSICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exploring the Cosmic Frontier - Astrophysical Instruments for the 21st Century CY MAY 18-21, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Radioastronomie, Int SKA Steering Comm, European So Observ, Max Planck Soc, European Space Agcy, EU Consortia RadioNet & Opticon ID FARADAY-ROTATION; FIELDS; GALAXIES; POLARIZATION AB The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) can deliver new data which will directly address currently unanswered issues concerning the origin and evolution of Cosmic magnetism. An all-sky survey of Faraday rotation measures towards > 10(7) background sources will provide a dense grid for probing magnetism in the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, distant galaxies, clusters and in protogalaxies. Using these data, we can map out the evolution of magnetised structures from redshifts z > 3 to the present, can distinguish between different origins for seed magnetic fields in galaxies, and call develop a detailed model of the magnetic field geometry of the overall Universe. C1 [Beck, R.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Berlin, Germany. [Gaensler, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Feretti, L.] CNR, Istituto Radioastron, INAF, Bologna 40129, Italy. RP Beck, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Berlin, Germany. EM rbeck@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Feretti, Luigina/0000-0003-0312-6285; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-39755-7 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 103 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-39756-4_30 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFS92 UT WOS:000244446300030 ER PT S AU Slane, P AF Slane, Patrick BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Supernova remnants and GLAST SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; supernova remnants ID X-RAY-EMISSION; CHANDRA; SHOCK; ACCELERATION; G347.3-0.5 AB It has long been speculated that supernova remnants represent a major source of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Observations over the past decade have ceremoniously unveiled direct evidence of particle acceleration in SNRs to energies approaching the knee of the cosmic ray spectrum. Nonthermal X-ray emission from shell-type SNRs reveals multi-TeV electrons, and the dynamical properties of several SNRs point to efficient acceleration of ions. Observations of TeV gammaray emission have confirmed the presence of energetic particles in several remnants as well, but there remains considerable debate as to whether this emission originates with high energy electrons or ions. Equally uncertain are the exact conditions that lead to efficient particle acceleration. Based on the catalog of EGRET sources, we know that there is a large population of Galactic gamma-ray sources whose distribution is similar to that of SNRs. With the increased resolution and sensitivity of GLAST, the gamma-ray SNRs from this population will be identified. Their detailed emission structure, along with their spectra, will provide the link between their environments and their spectra in other wavebands to constrain emission models and to potentially identify direct evidence of ion acceleration in SNRs. Here I summarize recent observational and theoretical work in the area of cosmic ray acceleration by SNRs, and discuss the contributions GLAST will bring to our understanding of this problem. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slane, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700013 ER PT S AU Grindlay, JE AF Grindlay, Jonathan E. CA EXIST Team BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Jets, blazars and the EBL in the GLAST-EXIST era SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE active galaxies; blazers; jets; cosmic IR background; synchrotron-self Compton emission ID X-RAY AB The synergy of GLAST and the proposed EXIST mission as the Black Hole Finder Probe in the Beyond Einstein Program is remarkable. With its full-sky per orbit hard X-ray imaging (3-600 keV) and "nuFnu" sensitivity comparable to GLAST, EXIST could measure variability and spectra of Blazars in the hard X-ray synchrotron component simultaneous with GLAST (similar to 10-10GeV) measures of the inverse Compton component thereby uniquely constraining intrinsic source spectra and allowing measured high energy spectral breaks to measure the cosmic diffuse extra-galactic background light (EBL) by determining the intervening diffuse IR photon field required to yield the observed break from photon-photon absorption. Such studies also constrain the physics of jets (and parameters and indeed the validity of SSC models) and the origin of the > 100 MeV gamma-ray diffuse background likely arising from Blazars and jet-dominated sources. An overview of the EXIST mission, which could fly in the GLAST era, is given together with a synopsis of other key synergies of GLAST-EXIST science. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700049 ER PT S AU Kildea, J AF Kildea, J. CA Whipple 10 m Telescopes Blazar Mon BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Blazar monitoring with the Whipple 10 m gamma-ray telescope SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE AGN; Whipple blazar monitoring; atmospheric Cherenkov technique AB Since September 2005, the Whipple 10 m Gamma-ray Telescope has been used primarily to monitor known TeV AGN. The five Northern Hemisphere blazars that have been previously detected at Whipple, Markarian 421, H1426+428, Markarian 501, HIS 1959+650 and 1ES 2344+514, are monitored each night that they are visible. To encourage and coordinate observations of these AGN at other wavelengths, the observing timetable and preliminary light curves for the TeV observations are provided on a publicly accessible website: veritas.sao.arizona.edu/content/blogsection/6/40. A number of multiwavelength observing campaigns have been undertaken by numerous collaborators in conjunction with the Whipple program and a significant amount of data has been accumulated. We report here on the status of these multiwavelength observations and present light curves of radio, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray data. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Kildea, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 339 EP 340 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700087 ER PT S AU Butt, YM Combi, JA Drake, J Finley, JP Konopelko, A Lister, M Rodriguez, J Shepherd, D AF Butt, Y. M. Combi, J. A. Drake, J. Finley, J. P. Konopelko, A. Lister, M. Rodriguez, J. Shepherd, D. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI An extended radio counterpart of TeV J2032+4130? SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr ID GAMMA-RAY SOURCE; TEV SOURCE; FOLLOW-UP AB We carried out a 5-pointing mosaic observation of TeV J2032+4130 at 1.4 and 4.8 GHZ with the VLA in April of 2003. The analysis of the 4.8GHz data indicate weak wispy shell-like radio structure(s) which are at least partially non-thermal. The radio data is compatible with one or more young supernova remnants or perhaps the signature of large-scale cluster shocks in this region induced by the violent action of the many massive stars in Cyg OB2. C1 [Butt, Y. M.; Drake, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Combi, J. A.] Univ Jaen, Dept Fis, E-23071 Jaen, Spain. [Finley, J. P.; Konopelko, A.; Lister, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rodriguez, J.] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Shepherd, D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468 FU panish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia and Universidad de Jaen; DGI of the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [AYA2004-07171-C02-02]; FEDER [FQM322.] FX JAC is a researcher of the program Ramon y Cajal funded jointly by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia and Universidad de Jaen. J. C. also acknowledges support by DGI of the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia under grants AYA2004-07171-C02-02 and FEDER funds and Plan Andaluz de Investigacion of Junta de Andalucia as research group FQM322. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 429 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700132 ER PT S AU Perkins, JS AF Perkins, J. S. CA VERITAS collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Control, monitoring and analysis software for the VERITAS array SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE VERITAS; gamma-ray astophysics; data acquisition; software AB VERITAS is an array of four 12 m diameter Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in southern Arizona operating since January 2007. In this contribution we discuss the various software systems needed to operate the array including the data acquisition, online analysis, real time hardware monitoring and offline analysis. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Perkins, JS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 564 EP 565 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700199 ER PT S AU Marvin, UB AF Marvin, U. B. BE Jackson, PNW TI Theodore Andre Monod and the lost Fer de Dieu meteorite of Chinguetti, Mauritania SO FOUR CENTURIES OF GEOLOGICAL TRAVEL: THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE ON FOOT, BICYCLE, SLEDGE AND CAMEL SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRATER; AGE AB Theodore Monod (1902-2000), of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, was a natural scientist with an extraordinarily wide range of interests and expertise. His early researches were chiefly in marine zoology, which he continued to pursue throughout his career. However, in 1923 he began to work in the Sahara Desert and travelled through it for thousands of kilometres on foot and camel-back collecting samples for the museum and keeping detailed journals of the geology, palaeontology, flora, fauna, prehistoric artefacts, and the customs and cultures of the peoples he met. Monod published nearly 700 technical articles in scientific journals and numerous books for general readers. He won innumerable honours in France and internationally, but only one of his books, few of his articles, and no biographical accounts of Monod's activities have been published in English. This paper focuses on his search for the Fer de Dieu, an iron meteorite said to be 40 metres high and 100 metres long, lying in the desert of Mauritania. He found no trace of it, but the meteorite remains legendary in the history of meteoritics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marvin, UB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM umarvin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-234-2 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2007 VL 287 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1144/SP287.16 PG 15 WC Geology; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BKH19 UT WOS:000268071400016 ER PT B AU Riechers, DA Walter, F Carilli, CL Knudsen, KK Lo, KY Benford, DJ Staguhn, JG Hunter, TR Bertoldi, F Henkel, C Menten, KM Weiss, A Yun, MS Scoville, NZ AF Riechers, D. A. Walter, F. Carilli, C. L. Knudsen, K. K. Lo, K. Y. Benford, D. J. Staguhn, J. G. Hunter, T. R. Bertoldi, F. Henkel, C. Menten, K. M. Weiss, A. Yun, M. S. Scoville, N. Z. BE Baker, AJ Glenn, J Harris, AI Mangum, JG Yun, MS TI CO(1-0) emission from quasar host galaxies beyond redshift 4 SO FROM Z-MACHINES TO ALMA: (SUB) MILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on From Z-Machines to ALMA - (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies CY JAN 12-14, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA HO Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr ID MOLECULAR GAS; RADIO GALAXY; CO; Z=6.42; LINES; DUST AB Molecular gas has now been detected in 15 z > 2 QSOs through observations of high-J CO transitions using millimeter interferometers. Observations of the GO ground-state transition CO(1-0), however, have the potential to trace the molecular gas at lower excitations, which may give a better estimate of the total molecular gas content of high-z QSOs. Here we present the first z > 4 CO(1-0) observations obtained with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and the MPIfR Effelsberg telescope. Utilizing the K band receivers of these two 100m radio telescopes, we detect the CO(1-0) transition in the high-redshift QSOs BR1202-0725 (z = 4.7)7 PSSJ2322+1944 (z = 4.1) and APM08279+5255 (z = 3.9). From LVG models based on our observations out to z = 4.7, we derive that the GO emission from all observed transitions can be described by a single gas component, and that all molecular gas appears to be concentrated in a compact nuclear region. The spectral capabilities of the GBT (1 x 200 MHz in high-resolution mode, 2 x 800 MHz in high-bandwidth mode) allow us to cover velocity ranges of up to 22, 000 km s-1, or Delta z/z = 0.09 at z = 4, which will be imperative for future high-z studies in galaxies with known strong dust continuum but poorly constrained redshift. This is a first step towards observations with future z-machines. C1 [Riechers, D. A.; Walter, F.; Knudsen, K. K.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Carilli, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Lo, K. Y.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Benford, D. J.; Staguhn, J. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Observ Cosmol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hunter, T. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. [Bertoldi, F.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Henkel, C.; Menten, K. M.; Weiss, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Yun, M. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Scoville, N. Z.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Riechers, DA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [1177]; Max-Planck-Forschungspreis FX D. A. R. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Programme 1177. C. C. would like to acknowledge support from the Max-Planck-Forschungspreis NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-311-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 375 BP 148 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU76 UT WOS:000250716200017 ER PT B AU Gurwell, MA Peck, AB Hostler, SR Darrah, MR Katz, CA AF Gurwell, M. A. Peck, A. B. Hostler, S. R. Darrah, M. R. Katz, C. A. CA The SMA Team BE Baker, AJ Glenn, J Harris, AI Mangum, JG Yun, MS TI Monitoring phase calibrators at submillimeter wavelengths SO From Z-Machines to Alma: (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on From Z-Machines to ALMA - (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies CY JAN 12-14, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA HO Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr AB One of the biggest challenges facing submillimeter wavelength interferometry is correcting for short timescale atmospheric phase fluctuations during the observations. Quasars sufficiently bright to use as calibrators for current submillimeter facilities are scarce, particularly at frequencies higher than 300 GHz. We present results of an ongoing monitoring program to determine the fluxes and variability of quasars at 230 and 345 GHz. The data are being collected at the Submillimeter Array (SMA) on Mauna Kea and reduced using MIR data reduction software. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gurwell, MA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-311-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 375 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU76 UT WOS:000250716200029 ER PT B AU Iono, D Yun, MS Elvis, M Peck, AB Ho, PTP Wilner, DJ Hunter, TR Matsushita, S Muller, S AF Iono, Daisuke Yun, Min S. Elvis, Martin Peck, Alison B. Ho, Paul T. P. Wilner, David J. Hunter, Todd R. Matsushita, Satoki Muller, Sebastien BE Baker, AJ Glenn, J Harris, AI Mangum, JG Yun, MS TI A tentative detection of [C II] line emission in the z=4.7 QSO BR1202-0725 SO From Z-Machines to Alma: (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on From Z-Machines to ALMA - (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies CY JAN 12-14, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA HO Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; MOLECULAR GAS; QUASAR; DUST; DEFICIT AB Our new SMA similar to 3 '' resolution 900 pm image of the z = 4.7 QSO BR1202-0725 shows two submillimeter continuum components, consistent with previously published nun images. We further tentatively detect the redshifted [CII] line emission from the northern component BR1202N. The derived [CII]-to-FIR luminosity ratio (0.03%) is comparable to the ratios found in local ULIRGs. In addition, by analyzing archival Chandra data, we detect X-ray emission in both submm components. We conclude that BR1202-0725 is likely a pair of AGN host galaxies at z = 4.7, with both galaxies forming stars at exceedingly high rates. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Iono, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI /0000-0002-9931-1313 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-311-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 375 BP 246 EP 249 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU76 UT WOS:000250716200032 ER PT B AU Krips, M Neri, R Eckart, A Barvainis, R Peck, A Downes, D Planesas, P Martin-Pintado, J Iono, D Petitpas, G AF Krips, M. Neri, R. Eckart, A. Barvainis, R. Peck, A. Downes, D. Planesas, P. Martin-Pintado, J. Iono, D. Petitpas, G. BE Baker, AJ Glenn, J Harris, AI Mangum, JG Yun, MS TI Differential lensing effects in high-z sources: Constraining the size and shape of the emitting regions SO FROM Z-MACHINES TO ALMA: (SUB) MILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on From Z-Machines to ALMA - (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies CY JAN 12-14, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA HO Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr ID APM 08279+5255; Q0957+561; GALAXY AB One of the greatest obstacles in determining the physical parameters of galaxies in the early universe is our inability to accurately constrain the sizes of the sources detected. Current cutting-edge mm/submm interferometers such as the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) yield angular resolutions of about 1 ''. which is in most cases not sufficient to resolve the observed emission at high z. However, if the high-redshift source is gravitationally lensed by an intervening galaxy, the angular resolution can be improved by up to two orders of magnitude, as demonstrated in the case of the Cloverleaf galaxy. Light from extended regions is deflected in a different way than light from compact structures, so that, the lensed images set tight constraints on their true sizes and shapes. We will discuss the use of such differential lensing effects for three gravitationally lensed high-redshift quasars: Q0957+561 (z = 1.41) SBS1520+530 (z = 1.86), and APM08279+5255 (z = 3.9). We have recently detected molecular gas emission traced by CO in the first two sources, doubling the number of CO detections in this mostly unexplored redshift range of z = 1 - 2. We will be able to use this technique as well to place even tighter constraints on the size of the dust emission in APM08279+5255, using the new very extended configurations of the SMA and PdBI with their angular resolutions of 0.3 '' - 0.4 ''. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Krips, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array,645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Planesas, Pere/G-7950-2015; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015 OI Planesas, Pere/0000-0002-7808-3040; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-311-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 375 BP 250 EP 254 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU76 UT WOS:000250716200033 ER PT B AU Peck, AB Iono, D Petitpas, GR Pope, A Borys, C Dunlop, JS Krips, M Wilner, DJ AF Peck, A. B. Iono, D. Petitpas, G. R. Pope, A. Borys, C. Dunlop, J. S. Krips, M. Wilner, D. J. BE Baker, AJ Glenn, J Harris, AI Mangum, JG Yun, MS TI Astrometric Imaging of high-redshift galaxies at 345 GHz SO From Z-Machines to Alma: (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on From Z-Machines to ALMA - (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies CY JAN 12-14, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA HO Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr ID SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES AB Recent single-dish submillimeter wavelength surveys have revolutionized observational cosmology by uncovering a substantial new population of dust-enshrouded starburst galaxies at high redshift. A tremendous amount can be learned about the star formation history of the universe by comparing the characteristics of these early sources at a range of wavelengths, from radio to X-ray. Unfortunately, the positions of these sources are not well enough determined in the parent surveys to justify devoting large amounts of time using higher-resolution instruments without first performing high-precision astrometry. The Submillimeter Array on Mauna Kea is now the ideal instrument for this, as it can observe at the same frequency as the original survey but with substaiitially better angular resolution, yielding astrometric accuracies of similar to 100 mas. We present images of the distant galaxies detected to date using the Subinillimeter Array at 345 GHz. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Peck, AB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array,645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-311-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 375 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU76 UT WOS:000250716200036 ER PT B AU Petitpas, G Iono, D Peck, A Wilson, C Matsushita, S Sakamoto, K Wang, J Ho, P Zhang, Q Rots, A Wang, Z Yun, M Surace, J AF Petitpas, G. Iono, D. Peck, A. Wilson, C. Matsushita, S. Sakamoto, K. Wang, J. Ho, P. Zhang, Q. Rots, A. Wang, Z. Yun, M. Surace, J. BE Baker, AJ Glenn, J Harris, AI Mangum, JG Yun, MS TI SMA CO J=3-2 Observations of the Antennae (NGC 4038/39) SO From Z-Machines to Alma: (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on From Z-Machines to ALMA - (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies CY JAN 12-14, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA HO Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr ID MOLECULAR GAS; STAR-CLUSTERS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; NGC-4038/4039; COMPLEXES; EMISSION; IMAGES AB The Submillimeter Array (SMA) is currently the only interferometer capable of studying molecular gas warmer than similar to 30K in nearby and high-redshift sources. We present high angular resolution (CO)-C-12 J = 3 - 2 observations of the Antennae merging galaxy system made with the SMA. We find that the peaks in the warm molecular gas emission do not necessarily correspond to the peaks seen in the cooler CO J = 1 - 0 gas. This suggests the existence of temperature and/or density gradients in the molecular gas in this interacting system. To study this effect in more detail, we have created a data cube comprising the CO J = 3 - 2/J = 1 - 0 line ratio for every 20kms(-1) channel in this galaxy. With this cube, we can trace the temperature gradients across the spatial and dynamical range of this system. We find excellent spatial agreement between elevated CO J = 3 - 2/J = 1 - 0 ratio and bright spots in the Spitzer 8 mu m map, suggesting that the star formation that is heating the dust is also actively heating the molecular gas. With this correlation, it is possible to trace the dynamics of the warm and cold dust in this system using the CO line ratio, whereas it is not possible to do this with dust measurements alone. The techniques used in this study of a nearby interacting system have strong implications for and analogies to future studies of higher-redshift galaxies that will be studied when ALMA comes online. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Petitpas, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array,645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-311-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 375 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU76 UT WOS:000250716200037 ER PT B AU Xiao, KC Martin, CL Hemberger, D Walsh, WM Lane, AP Walker, CK Stark, AA AF Xiao, Kecheng Martin, Christopher L. Hemberger, Dan Walsh, Wilfred M. Lane, Adair P. Walker, Christopher K. Stark, Antony A. BE Baker, AJ Glenn, J Harris, AI Mangum, JG Yun, MS TI Molecular column densities near the center of the milky way SO FROM Z-MACHINES TO ALMA: (SUB) MILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on From Z-Machines to ALMA - (SUB) Millimeter Spectroscopy of Galaxies CY JAN 12-14, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA HO Natl Radio Astron Observ, N Amer ALMA Sci Ctr ID CLOUDS; AST/RO AB We use submillimeter-wave survey data to estimate molecular column densities throughout the Galactic Center region. Fully-sampled maps of 461 GHz CO J = 4 -> 3, 807 GHz CO J = 7 -> 6, and 492 GHz [C 1] emission from the AST/RO survey of the Galactic Center region (Martin et al. 2004), together with 115 GHz CO J = I 0 and 110 GHz (CO)-C-13 J = 1 -> 4 0 data from the Bell Labs Survey (Bally et al. 1988), are used in a large velocity gradient (LVG) model to estimate the radiative transfer properties of CO and thereby determine the column densities of molecular material in the inner few degrees of the Milky Way. These data are presented in the form of a map. C1 [Xiao, Kecheng] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Martin, Christopher L.; Hemberger, Dan] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Walsh, Wilfred M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Lane, Adair P.; Stark, Antony A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walker, Christopher K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Xiao, KC (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. FU National Science Foundation; Center for Astrohysical Research in Antarctica (CARA) [NSF OPP 89-20223]; NSF [OPP-0126090] FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement with the Center for Astrohysical Research in Antarctica (CARA), grant number NSF OPP 89-20223. CARA is a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center. Support was also provided by NSF grant OPP-0126090. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-311-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 375 BP 295 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU76 UT WOS:000250716200044 ER PT B AU Stubbs, CW Slater, SK Brown, YJ Sherman, D AF Stubbs, Christopher W. Slater, Sara K. Brown, Yorke J. Sherman, Daniel BE Sterken, C TI Preliminary results from detector-based throughput calibration of the CTIO mosaic imager and blanco telescope using a tunable laser SO FUTURE OF PHOTOMETRIC, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND POLARIMETRIC STANDARDIZATION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Blankenberge, BELGIUM SP Flemish Minist Foreign Policy, European Affairs, Sci & Technol, Belgian Fed Off Sci, Tech & Cultural Affairs, Interuniv Attract Poles Programme, Vrije Univ Brussels, Res Fdn Flanders ID SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; ABSOLUTE FLUX CALIBRATION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; STARS; VEGA AB We describe the scientific motivation for achieving photometric precision and accuracy below the 1% level, and we present a calibration philosophy based on using calibrated detectors rather than celestial sources as the fundamental metrology reference. A description of the apparatus and methodology is presented, as well as preliminary measurements of relative system throughput versus wavelength for the Mosaic imager at the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope. We measure the throughput of the optics, filter, and detector by comparing the flux seen by the instrument to that seen by a precisely calibrated monitor photodiode, using a tunable laser as the illumination source. This allows us to measure the transmission properties of the system, passband by passband, with full pupil illumination of the entire optical train. These preliminary results are sufficiently promising that we intend to further pursue this technique, particularly for next-generation survey projects such as PanSTARRS and LSST. C1 [Stubbs, Christopher W.; Slater, Sara K.; Brown, Yorke J.; Sherman, Daniel] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena 603, Chile. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stubbs, CW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU US National Science Foundation [AST-0443378, AST-0507475] FX We are grateful to the US National Science Foundation, under grants AST-0443378 and AST-0507475, for their support of this work in the context of the ESSENCE supernova survey. We are also grateful to the LSST Corporation, Harvard University, and the US Department of Energy Office of Science for their support of the continuing development of these techniques. The work described here would not have been possible without the skill and support of the technical staff at CTIO. We are also very grateful to Dr. Eli Margalith of Opotek for his support and assistance in this endeavor. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-32-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 364 BP 373 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGF80 UT WOS:000246501500032 ER PT B AU Brown, YJ Stubbs, CV Henry, ET Brown, LB AF Brown, Yorke J. Stubbs, Christopher V. Henry, Edward T. Brown, L. Bailes BE Sterken, C TI A technique for a self-luminous flatfield calibration screen SO FUTURE OF PHOTOMETRIC, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND POLARIMETRIC STANDARDIZATION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Blankenberge, BELGIUM SP Flemish Minist Foreign Policy, European Affairs, Sci & Technol, Belgian Fed Off Sci, Tech & Cultural Affairs, Interuniv Attract Poles Programme, Vrije Univ Brussels, Res Fdn Flanders AB The use of flatfield illuminators shows great promise for calibrating telescopes to be used in the next generation of la supernova measurements. In order to meet the physical constraints of the PanSTARRS and LSST domes, we are developing a self-luminous flatfield calibration screen which can cover the entrance aperture of these telescopes while presenting a total thickness of only 13 cm. We expect to achieve illumination uniformity and passband flatness adequate for optical throughput calibration at the 1% level. The emitting element is a "side-emitting" optical fiber excited by a pulsed laser tunable over the bandpass of 400 to 1100 run. The fiber is embedded in a sheet of acrylic the size of the telescope aperture. This radiating element is backed by a mirror. In front of the radiator is an acrylic lambertian diffusing screen, and in front of the diffuser is a baffle screen that occults much of the light that would have entered the telescope by way of scattering from telescope and dome structures. The baffle screen is a sheet of black acrylic drilled with a densely packed array of threaded holes. C1 [Brown, Yorke J.; Stubbs, Christopher V.; Henry, Edward T.; Brown, L. Bailes] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brown, YJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU LSST Corporation; Harvard University FX Funding for this effort has been provided by the LSST Corporation and by Harvard University. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-32-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 364 BP 571 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGF80 UT WOS:000246501500048 ER PT J AU Cosse, M Gonzalez, S Maldonado, JE AF Cosse, M. Gonzalez, S. Maldonado, J. E. TI Cross-amplification tests of ungulate primers in the endangered Neotropical pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bovidae; cervidae; cross-species amplification; microsatellite; pampas deer ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITES; ROE DEER; ARTIODACTYLA; LOCI AB In cross-species amplification tests of 15 ungulate primers in pampas deer, five were retained to form a small panel of highly polymorphic loci that could be used to efficiently screen populations of this endangered species. The polymerase chain reactions were performed incorporating the universal fluorescent labeled M13 (-21) primer. In 69 pampas deer, average allelic diversity was 15, expected heterozygosity was 0.869 and the mean polymorphic information content value was 0.847. Paternity exclusion probabilities over loci were NE-1P = 0.01336 and NE-2P = 0.00135, and combined non-exclusion probability of identity was P (ID) = 3 x 10(-8). C1 [Cosse, M.; Gonzalez, S.] Fac Ciencias, Dept Genet, IIBCE Unidad Asociada, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Maldonado, J. E.] Smithsonian Inst, NZP NMNH, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Cosse, M (reprint author), Fac Ciencias, Dept Genet, IIBCE Unidad Asociada, Montevideo, Uruguay. EM mcosse@iibce.edu.uy NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU FUNPEC-EDITORA PI RIBEIRAO PRETO PA RUA HUDSON 655, JARDIM CANADA, RIBEIRAO PRETO, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-5680 J9 GENET MOL RES JI Genet. Mol. Res. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1118 EP 1122 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 265RZ UT WOS:000253379900001 PM 18273805 ER PT J AU Rector, A Lemey, P Tachezy, R Mostmans, S Ghim, SJ Van Doorslaer, K Roelke, M Bush, M Montali, RJ Joslin, J Burk, RD Jenson, AB Sundberg, JP Shapiro, B Van Ranst, M AF Rector, Annabel Lemey, Philippe Tachezy, Ruth Mostmans, Sara Ghim, Shin-Je Van Doorslaer, Koenraad Roelke, Melody Bush, Mitchell Montali, Richard J. Joslin, Janis Burk, Robert D. Jenson, Alfred B. Sundberg, John P. Shapiro, Beth Van Ranst, Marc TI Ancient papillomavirus-host co-speciation in Felidae SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ROLLING-CIRCLE AMPLIFICATION; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; VIRUS; TYPE-1; CLONING; PROTEIN; COEVOLUTION; HYPERPLASIA; PHYLOGENY AB Background: Estimating evolutionary rates for slowly evolving viruses such as papillomaviruses ( PVs) is not possible using fossil calibrations directly or sequences sampled over a time-scale of decades. An ability to correlate their divergence with a host species, however, can provide a means to estimate evolutionary rates for these viruses accurately. To determine whether such an approach is feasible, we sequenced complete feline PV genomes, previously available only for the domestic cat ( Felis domesticus, FdPV1), from four additional, globally distributed feline species: Lynx rufus PV type 1, Puma concolor PV type 1, Panthera leo persica PV type 1, and Uncia uncia PV type 1. Results: The feline PVs all belong to the Lambdapapillomavirus genus, and contain an unusual second noncoding region between the early and late protein region, which is only present in members of this genus. Our maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the evolutionary relationships between feline PVs perfectly mirror those of their feline hosts, despite a complex and dynamic phylogeographic history. By applying host species divergence times, we provide the first precise estimates for the rate of evolution for each PV gene, with an overall evolutionary rate of 1.95 x 10(-8) ( 95% confidence interval 1.32 x 10(-8) to 2.47 x 10(-8)) nucleotide substitutions per site per year for the viral coding genome. Conclusion: Our work provides evidence for long-term virus-host co-speciation of feline PVs, indicating that viral diversity in slowly evolving viruses can be used to investigate host species evolution. These findings, however, should not be extrapolated to other viral lineages without prior confirmation of virus-host co-divergence. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Lab Clin & Epidemiol Virol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Inst Hematol & Blood Transfus, Dept Expt Virol, Prague 12822, Czech Republic. Univ Louisville, Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. SAIC Frederick Natl Canc Inst, Basic Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Van Ranst, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Lab Clin & Epidemiol Virol, Minderbroeders Str, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM marc.vanranst@uz.kuleuven.be OI Van Ranst, Marc/0000-0002-1674-4157 NR 41 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 AR R57 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-4-r57 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 174ZY UT WOS:000246982900014 PM 17430578 ER PT J AU MacLeod, KG Whitney, DL Huber, BT Koeberl, C AF MacLeod, Kenneth G. Whitney, Donna L. Huber, Brian T. Koeberl, Christian TI Impact and extinction in remarkably complete Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sections from Demerara Rise, tropical western North Atlantic SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary; mass extinction; impact; Demerara Rise; Ir anomaly; ODP Site 1259; ODP Leg 207 ID K/T MASS EXTINCTION; CHICXULUB IMPACT; BLAKE NOSE; STRATIGRAPHY; FORAMINIFERA; TRANSITION; CRATER; EVENT; DEPOSITS; EJECTA AB Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 207, on the Demerara Rise in the western tropical North Atlantic, recovered multiple Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sections containing an ejecta layer. Sedimentological, geochemical, and paleontological changes across the boundary closely match patterns expected for a mass extinction caused by a single impact. A normally graded, similar to 2-cmthick bed of spherules that is interpreted as a primary air-fall deposit of impact ejecta occurs between sediments of the highest Cretaceous Plummerita hantkeninoides foraminiferal zone and the lowest Paleogene PO foraminiferal zone. There are no other spherule layers in the section. In addition to extinction of Cretaceous taxa, foraminiferal abundance drops from abundant to rare across the boundary. Ir concentrations reach a maximum of similar to 1.5 ppb at the top of the spherule bed, and the Ir anomaly is associated with enrichment in other siderophile elements. We attribute the unusually well-preserved and relatively simple stratigraphy to the fact that Demerara Rise was close enough (similar to 4500 km) to the Chicxulub impact site to receive similar to 2 cm of ejecta, yet was far enough away (and perhaps sheltered by the curve of northern South America) to have been relatively unaffected by impact-induced waves. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Vienna, Dept Geol Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP MacLeod, KG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM macleodk@missouri.edu; dwhitney@umn.edu; huberb@si.edu; christian.koeberl@univie.ac.at RI MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017; OI MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837; Whitney, Donna/0000-0002-8296-4692 NR 57 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1130/B25955.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 126BC UT WOS:000243486200007 ER PT S AU Parris, DC Shelton, SY Martin, JE AF Parris, David C. Shelton, Sally Y. Martin, James E. BE Martin, JE Parris, DC TI Introduction to the geology and paleontology of the Late Cretaceous marine deposits of the Dakotas SO GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS MARINE DEPOSITS OF THE DAKOTAS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Parris, David C.] New Jersey State Museum, Bur Nat Hist, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Shelton, Sally Y.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Martin, James E.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Museum Geol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Parris, DC (reprint author), New Jersey State Museum, Bur Nat Hist, POB 530, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2427-0 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 427 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1130/2007.2427(01) PG 7 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA BLY04 UT WOS:000271381000001 ER PT J AU Crumpler, LS Aubele, JC Zimbelman, JR AF Crumpler, Larry S. Aubele, Jayne C. Zimbelman, James R. BE Chapman, MG TI Volcanic features of New Mexico analogous to volcanic features on Mars SO GEOLOGY OF MARS: EVIDENCE FROM EARTH-BASED ANALOGS SE Cambridge Planetary Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUND ICE INTERACTIONS; MARTIAN VOLCANOS; EVOLUTION; BASALT; EMPLACEMENT; DENSITY; MANTLE; FLOWS; MAGMA; VENUS C1 [Crumpler, Larry S.; Aubele, Jayne C.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crumpler, LS (reprint author), New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-83292-2 J9 CAMB PLANET PY 2007 IS 5 BP 95 EP 125 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536014.005 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536014 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BXW26 UT WOS:000297320800005 ER PT J AU Zimbelman, JR Williams, SH AF Zimbelman, James R. Williams, Steven H. BE Chapman, MG TI Eolian dunes and deposits in the western United States as analogs to wind-related features on Mars SO GEOLOGY OF MARS: EVIDENCE FROM EARTH-BASED ANALOGS SE Cambridge Planetary Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; DESIERTO SAND-SEA; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ORBITER CAMERA; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; IMPERIAL VALLEY; GRAN DESIERTO; WHITE-SANDS; KELSO DUNES C1 [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Zimbelman, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 133 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-83292-2 J9 CAMB PLANET PY 2007 IS 5 BP 232 EP 264 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536014.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536014 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BXW26 UT WOS:000297320800010 ER PT S AU Aranda-Gomez, JJ Luhr, JF Housh, TB Valdez-Moreno, G Chavez-Cabello, G AF Jorge Aranda-Gomez, Jose Luhr, James F. Housh, Todd B. Valdez-Moreno, Gabriel Chavez-Cabello, Gabriel BE AlanizAlvarez, SA NietoSamaniego, AF TI Late Cenozoic intraplate-type volcanism in central and northern Mexico: A review SO GEOLOGY OF MEXICO: CELEBRATING THE CENTENARY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MEXICO SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE alkalic volcanic rocks; extension; Basin and Range; peridotite xenoliths ID SAN-LUIS-POTOSI; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; UPPER-MANTLE BENEATH; JAGUEY-MAAR COMPLEX; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; SOUTHERN BASIN; ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS; SOCORRO ISLAND; ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS AB Intraplate-type volcanism ( late Oligocene to Quaternary) occurs in Mexico on both the North American and the Pacific plates. Oceanic localities are voluminous shield volcanoes on or near fossil-spreading ridges. Subaerial rocks of these volcanoes form either geochemically continuous and coherent rock series or bimodal suites. Low-pressure crystal fractionation of alkali basalt and assimilation of hydrothermally altered rocks from the volcanic pile determined the compositions of the mafic-intermediate rocks at Socorro. Trachytes at Socorro were formed by partial melting of alkali basalt, and rhyolites through crystal fractionation of parental trachytes. These felsic rocks also assimilated hydrothermally altered rocks. Continental localities ( late Oligocene to Quaternary) occur scattered north of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; their location is independent of older volcanic provinces and boundaries between today's geologic/tectonic provinces. Intraplate-type rocks have high TiO(2), Nb, and Ta contents, and host mantle and/or lower crust xenoliths +/- megacrysts. Many fields are in the southern Basin and Range and the most extensive and voluminous were contemporaneous with normal faulting. The locations of some fields suggest that magma ascent was influenced by regional structures. However, normal faulting is minor or absent in many other Mexican fields. The petrogenetic processes in late Oligocene to Miocene magmas differ from those in Plio-Quaternary magmas. Slow ascent of magmas formed during early stages of extension-favored assimilation-fractional crystallization and gravitational settling of xenoliths. Plio-Quaternary xenolith-bearing magmas traveled faster through cooler crust where brittle structures caused by extension were able to propagate deeper. Geochemical evidence of assimilation is more subtle in the younger volcanic rocks. C1 [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Housh, Todd B.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Valdez-Moreno, Gabriel; Chavez-Cabello, Gabriel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76001, Qro, Mexico. [Jorge Aranda-Gomez, Jose] Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Dept Geol Econ, San Luis Potosi 78216, SLP, Mexico. RP Aranda-Gomez, JJ (reprint author), UNAM, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico. EM jjag@geociencias.unam.mx NR 159 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2422-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 422 BP 93 EP 128 DI 10.1130/2007.2422(04) PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLY30 UT WOS:000271424000005 ER PT J AU Neubauer, SC Toledo-Duran, GE Emerson, D Megonigal, JP AF Neubauer, Scott C. Toledo-Duran, Gloried E. Emerson, David Megonigal, J. Patrick TI Returning to their roots: Iron-oxidizing bacteria enhance short-term plaque formation in the wetland-plant rhizosphere SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fe plaque; iron oxidation; iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB); Juncus effusus; rhizosphere processes; wetland biogeochemistry ID RADIAL OXYGEN LOSS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; CIRCUMNEUTRAL PH; TYPHA-LATIFOLIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; TAGUS ESTUARY; FERROUS IRON; OXIDATION; DEPOSITION; REDUCTION AB In the wetland rhizosphere, high densities of lithotrophic Fe(II)oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and a favorable environment (i.e., high Fe(II) availability and microaerobic conditions) suggest that these organisms are actively contributing to the formation of Fe plaque on plant roots. We manipulated the presence/absence of an Fe( II)oxidizing bacterium (Sideroxydans paludicola, strain BrT) in axenic hydroponic microcosms containing the roots of intact Juncus effusus (soft rush) plants to determine if FeOB affected total rates of rhizosphere Fe( II) oxidation and Fe plaque accumulation. Our experimental data highlight the importance of both FeOB and plants in influencing short-term rates of rhizosphere Fe oxidation. Over time scales ca. 1 wk, the FeOB increased Fe( II) oxidation rates by 1.3 to 1.7 times relative to FeOB-free microcosms. Across multiple experimental trials, Fe( II) oxidation rates were significantly correlated with root biomass, reflecting the importance of radial O-2 loss in supporting rhizosphere Fe(II) oxidation. Rates of root Fe(III) plaque accumulation (time scales: 3 to 6 wk) were similar to 70 to 83% lower than expected based on the short-term Fe(II) oxidation rates and were unaffected by the presence/absence of FeOB. Decreasing rates of Fe( II) oxidation and Fe(III) plaque accumulation with increasing time scales indicate changes in rates of Fe(II) diffusion and radial O-2 loss, shifts in the location of Fe oxide accumulation, or temporal changes in the microbial community within the microcosms. The microcosms used herein replicated many of the environmental characteristics of wetland systems and allowed us to demonstrate that FeOB can stimulate rates of Fe(II) oxidation in the wetland rhizosphere, a finding that has implications for the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, metals, and nutrients in wetland ecosystems. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Neubauer, SC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, POB 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. EM scott@belle.baruch.sc.edu RI Neubauer, Scott/A-3443-2011 OI Neubauer, Scott/0000-0001-8948-2832 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1080/01490450601134309 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 153WD UT WOS:000245466100006 ER PT J AU Weiss, JV Rentz, JA Plaia, T Neubauer, SC Merrill-Floyd, M Lilburn, T Bradburne, C Megonigal, JP Emerson, D AF Weiss, Johanna V. Rentz, Jeremy A. Plaia, Todd Neubauer, Scott C. Merrill-Floyd, Melissa Lilburn, Tim Bradburne, Christopher Megonigal, J. Patrick Emerson, David TI Characterization of neutrophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of wetland plants and description of Ferritrophicum radicicola gen. nov sp nov., and Sideroxydans paludicola sp nov. SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE iron-oxidizing bacteria; rhizosphere; wetlands; lithotrophs; Sideroxydans; Ferritrophicum ID IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; CIRCUMNEUTRAL PH; FERRIC IRON; RICE ROOTS; FE-PLAQUE; DEEP-SEA; OXIDATION AB Iron deposits (Fe plaque) on wetland plant roots contain abundant microbial populations, including Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) that have not been cultured previously. In this study, 4 strains of Fe plaque-associated FeOB were isolated from 4 species of wetland plants. All 4 isolates grew in tight association with Fe-oxides, but did not form any identifiable Fe-oxide structures. All strains were obligate lithotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizers that were microaerobic, and were unable to use other inorganic or organic energy sources. One strain, BrT, was shown to fix (CO2)-C-14 at a rate consistent with its requirement for total cell carbon. The doubling times for the strains varied between 9.5 and 15.8 hours. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of 2 strains, BrT and CCJ, revealed that 16:0, 15:1 isoG, and 14:0 were dominant fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that all the strains were Betaproteobacteria. Two of the strains, BrT and Br-1 belong to a new species, Sideroxydans paludicola; a third strain, LD-1, is related to Sideroxydans lithotrophicus, a recently described species of FeOB. The fourth isolate, Ferritrophicum radicicola, represented a new genus in a new order of Betaproteobacteria, the Ferritrophicales. There are no other cultured isolates in this order. A small subunit rRNA gene-based, cultivation-independent analysis of Typha latifolia collected from a wetland revealed terminal restriction fragment profiles (tRFLP) consistent with the presence of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. These novel organisms likely play an important role in Fe(II) oxidation kinetics and Fe cycling within many terrestrial and freshwater environments. C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. No Virginia Community Coll, Biotehnol Program, Manassas, VA 20109 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. American Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 22010 USA. Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Emerson, D (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, POB 475, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM demerson@bigelow.org RI Neubauer, Scott/A-3443-2011; Floyd, Melissa/D-4626-2012 OI Neubauer, Scott/0000-0001-8948-2832; NR 47 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 55 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 559 EP 570 DI 10.1080/01490450701670152 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 237TO UT WOS:000251399500002 ER PT J AU Erickson, JE Megonigal, JP Peresta, G Drake, BG AF Erickson, John E. Megonigal, J. Patrick Peresta, Gary Drake, Bert G. TI Salinity and sea level mediate elevated CO(2) effects on C(3)-C(4) plant interactions and tissue nitrogen in a Chesapeake Bay tidal wetland SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE elevated CO(2); net primary productivity; salinity; Scirpus olneyi; sea level; Spartina patens ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; STOMATAL RESPONSES; WATER AVAILABILITY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GROWTH-RESPONSE; MARSH AB Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO(2)]) generally increase plant photosynthesis in C(3) species, but not in C(4) species, and reduce stomatal conductance in both C(3) and C(4) plants. In addition, tissue nitrogen concentration ([N]) often fails to keep pace with enhanced carbon gain under elevated CO(2), particularly in C(3) species. While these responses are well documented in many species, implications for plant growth and nutrient cycling in native ecosystems are not clear. Here we present data on 18 years of measurement of above and belowground biomass, tissue [N] and total standing crop of N for a Scirpus olneyi-dominated (C(3) sedge) community, a Spartina patens-dominated (C(4) grass) community and a C(3)-C(4)-mixed species community exposed to ambient and elevated (ambient +340 ppm) atmospheric [CO(2)] in natural salinity and sea level conditions of a Chesapeake Bay wetland. Increased biomass production (shoots plus roots) under elevated [CO(2)] in the S. olneyi-dominated community was sustained throughout the study, averaging approximately 35%, while no significant effect of elevated [CO(2)] was found for total biomass in the C(4)-dominated community. We found a significant decline in C(4) biomass (correlated with rising sea level) and a concomitant increase in C(3) biomass in the mixed community. This shift from C(4) to C(3) was accelerated by the elevated [CO(2)] treatment. The elevated [CO(2)] stimulation of total biomass accumulation was greatest during rainy, low salinity years: the average increase above the ambient treatment during the three wettest years (1994, 1996, 2003) was 2.9 t ha(-1) but in the three driest years (1995, 1999, 2002), it was 1.2 t ha(-1). Elevated [CO(2)] depressed tissue [N] in both species, but especially in the S. olneyi where the relative depression was positively correlated with salinity and negatively related with the relative enhancement of total biomass production. Thus, the greatest amount of carbon was added to the S. olneyi-dominated community during years when shoot [N] was reduced the most, suggesting that the availability of N was not the most or even the main limitation to elevated [CO(2)] stimulation of carbon accumulation in this ecosystem. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Erickson, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ericksonj@si.edu NR 73 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 10 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 202 EP 215 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01285.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124WX UT WOS:000243403900016 ER PT B AU O'Sullivan, E Vrtilek, JM AF O'Sullivan, E. Vrtilek, J. M. BE Saviane, I Ivanov, VD Borissova, J TI An x-ray view of the cores of galaxy groups: Effects of AGN and mergers on the IGM SO GROUPS OF GALAXIES IN THE NEARBY UNIVERSE, PROCEEDINGS SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop on Groups of Galaxies in the Nearby Universe CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Santiago, CHILE SP ESO ID NGC-4636 AB Using data from XMM-Newton and Chandra, we have studied a number of X-ray luminous galaxy groups in order to investigate the effects of mergers and AGN activity on their properties. We here present results from four disturbed systems with particularly interesting features. These groups provide examples of AGN heating preventing runaway cooling and mixing enriched gas from the dominant elliptical with the surrounding intra-group medium. We also show that under standard assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and relaxation, X-ray analysis may underestimate the gravitational mass of disturbed systems. C1 [O'Sullivan, E.; Vrtilek, J. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-67, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP O'Sullivan, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-67, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM eosullivan@head.cfa.harvard.edu; eosullivan@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-71172-8 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 331 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-71173-5_55 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ68 UT WOS:000247659300055 ER PT S AU Hong, J Grindlay, JE Chammas, N Allen, B Copete, A Said, B Burke, M Howell, J Gauron, T Baker, RG Barthelmy, SD Sheikh, S Gehrels, N Cook, WR Burnham, JA Harrison, FA Collins, J Labov, S Garson, A Krawczynski, H AF Hong, J. Grindlay, J. E. Chammas, N. Allen, B. Copete, A. Said, B. Burke, M. Howell, J. Gauron, T. Baker, R. G. Barthelmy, S. D. Sheikh, S. Gehrels, N. Cook, W. R. Burnham, J. A. Harrison, F. A. Collins, J. Labov, S. Garson, A., III Krawczynski, H. BE James, RB Burger, A Franks, LA TI Wide-field hard X-ray survey telescope: ProtoEXIST1 - art. no. 67060B SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics IX CY AUG 27-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE pixellated CZT detectors; hard X-ray telescope; coded aperture imaging ID IMAGING DETECTORS AB We report our progress on the development of pixellated imaging CZT detector arrays for our first-generation balloon-borne wide-field hard X-ray (20 - 600 kcV) telescope, ProtoEXIST1. Our ProtoEXIST program is a pathfinder for the High Energy Telescope (HET) on the Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey telescope (EXIST), a proposed implementation of the Black Hole Finder Probe. ProtoEXIST1 consists of four independent coded-aperture telescopes with close-tiled (similar to 0.4 mm gaps) CZT detectors that preserve their 2.5mm pixel pitch. Multiple shielding/field-of-view configurations are planned to identify optimal geometry for the HET in EXIST. The primary technical challenge in ProtoEXIST is the development of large area, close-tiled modules of imaging CZT detectors (1000 cm(2) for ProtoEXIST1), with all readout and control systems for the ASIC readout vertically stacked. We describe the overall telescope configuration of ProtoEXIST1 and review the current development status of the CZT detectors, from individual detector crystal units (DCUs) to a full detector module (DM). We have built the first units of each component for the detector plane and have completed a few Rev2 DCUs (2x2 cm(2)), which are under a series of tests. Bare DCUs (pre-crystal bonding) show high, uniform ASIC yield (similar to 70%) and similar to 30% reduction in electronics noise compared to the Rev1 equivalent. A Rev1 DCU already achieved similar to 1.2% FWHM at 662 keV, and preliminary analysis of the initial radiation tests on a Rev2 DCU shows similar to 4 keV FWHM at 60 keV (vs. 4.7 keV for Rev1). We therefore expect about <= 1 % FWHM at 662 keV with the Rev2 detectors. C1 [Hong, J.; Grindlay, J. E.; Chammas, N.; Allen, B.; Copete, A.; Said, B.; Burke, M.; Howell, J.; Gauron, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hong, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6854-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6706 BP B7060 EP B7060 DI 10.1117/12.736110 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHC11 UT WOS:000252147100008 ER PT B AU Vikhlinin, A Burenin, R Forman, WR Jones, C Hornstrup, A Murray, SS Quintana, H AF Vikhlinin, A. Burenin, R. Forman, W. R. Jones, C. Hornstrup, A. Murray, S. S. Quintana, H. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Lack of cooling flow clusters at z > 0.5 SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; MASS; CORES AB The goal of this work is to study the incidence rate of "cooling flows" in the high redshift clusters using Chandra observations of z > 0.5 objects from a new large, X-ray selected catalog [2]. We find that only a very small fraction of high-z objects have cuspy X-ray brightness profiles, which is a characteristic feature of the cooling flow clusters at z similar to 0. The observed lack of cooling flows is most likely a consequence of a higher rate of major mergers at z > 0.5. C1 [Vikhlinin, A.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Murray, S. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vikhlinin, A.; Burenin, R.] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Hornstrup, A.] Danish Natl Space Ctr, Roskilde, Denmark. [Quintana, H.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. RP Vikhlinin, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 9 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 48 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_9 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500009 ER PT B AU Forman, W Churazov, E Jones, C Nulsen, P Kraft, R Bohringer, H Vikhlinin, A Markevitch, M Eilek, J Owen, F Begelman, M Heinz, S AF Forman, W. Churazov, E. Jones, C. Nulsen, P. Kraft, R. Boehringer, H. Vikhlinin, A. Markevitch, M. Eilek, J. Owen, F. Begelman, M. Heinz, S. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Outbursts from supermassive black holes: Shocks, bubbles, and filaments around m87 SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; FLOW; GAS C1 [Forman, W.; Jones, C.; Nulsen, P.; Kraft, R.; Vikhlinin, A.; Markevitch, M.] Smithsonian Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA USA. [Churazov, E.; Vikhlinin, A.] Inst Space Res, Moscow, Russia. [Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Garching, Germany. [Boehringer, H.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Eilek, J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. [Eilek, J.; Owen, F.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM USA. [Begelman, M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heinz, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Forman, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 80 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_15 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500015 ER PT B AU Gitti, M McNamara, BR Nulsen, PEJ Wise, MW AF Gitti, M. McNamara, B. R. Nulsen, P. E. J. Wise, M. W. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI The XMM-Newton view of MS0735+7421: the most energetic AGN outburst in a galaxy cluster SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; SAMPLE AB We discuss the possible cosmological effects of powerful AGN outbursts in galaxy clusters by starting from the results of an XMM-Newton observation of the supercavity cluster MS0735+7421. C1 [Gitti, M.; McNamara, B. R.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wise, M. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Astron, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Gitti, M (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM gitti@phy.ohiou.edu; mcnamara@uwaterloo.ca; pnuisen@head.cfa.harvard.edu; wise@science.uva.nl OI Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009 FU NASA [NNG05GK876]; NASA Long Term Space Astrophysics [NA64-11025] FX We thank A. Vikhlinin for sending the data used to make Fig.2, right. This research is supported by NASA grant NNG05GK876 and by NASA Long Term Space Astrophysics Grant NA64-11025. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 90 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_17 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500017 ER PT B AU Croston, JH Kraft, RP Hardcastle, MJ AF Croston, J. H. Kraft, R. P. Hardcastle, M. J. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Shock heating by nearby AGN SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; RADIO GALAXIES; CENTAURUS-A; NUCLEI; ATMOSPHERES; LOBES; JET AB Shock heating by radio jets is potentially an important process in a range of environments as it will increase the entropy of the heated gas. Although this process is expected to occur in the most powerful radio-loud AGN, strong shocks have so far only been detected in nearby low-power radio galaxies. Here we discuss X-ray detections of strong shocks in nearby galaxies, including a new detection of shocked gas around both lobes of the nearby radio galaxy NGC 3801 with inferred Mach numbers of 3-6 and a total injected energy comparable to the thermal energy of the ISM within 11 kpc. We discuss possible links between shock heating, AGN fuelling and galaxy mergers and the role of this type of system in feedback models. C1 [Croston, J. H.; Hardcastle, M. J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Kraft, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Croston, JH (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM j.h.croston@herts.ac.uk RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 95 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_18 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500018 ER PT B AU Birzan, L McNamara, BR Carilli, CL Nulsen, PEJ Wise, MW AF Birzan, L. McNamara, B. R. Carilli, C. L. Nulsen, P. E. J. Wise, M. W. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Radio properties of cavities in the ICM: Imprints of AGN activity SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; BUBBLES C1 [Birzan, L.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Carilli, C. L.] NRAO, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Wise, M. W.] Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Birzan, L (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM birzan@helios.phy.ohiou.edu; mcnamara@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_22 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500022 ER PT B AU Nulsen, PEJ Jones, C Forman, WR David, LP McNamara, BR Rafferty, DA Birzan, L Wise, MW AF Nulsen, P. E. J. Jones, C. Forman, W. R. David, L. P. McNamara, B. R. Rafferty, D. A. Birzan, L. Wise, M. W. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI AGN heating through cavities and shocks SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID X-RAY CAVITIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; HYDRA-A; CLUSTER; GALAXIES; GAS; CONDUCTION C1 [Nulsen, P. E. J.; Jones, C.; Forman, W. R.; David, L. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS6, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.; Rafferty, D. A.; Birzan, L.] Ohio Univ, Astrophys Inst & Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Wise, M. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannakoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Nulsen, PEJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS6, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pnulsen@cfa.harvard.edu OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU NASA [NAS8-01130] FX This work was partly supported by NASA grant NAS8-01130. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 210 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_37 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500037 ER PT B AU O'Sullivan, E Vrtilek, JM David, LP Ponman, TJ Sanderson, AJR Kempner, J AF O'Sullivan, E. Vrtilek, J. M. David, L. P. Ponman, T. J. Sanderson, A. J. R. Kempner, J. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Effects of AGN and mergers on the cores of galaxy groups SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID CLUSTERS; ENTROPY AB Using a sample of 12 galaxy groups observed by XMM-Newton and Chandra, we examine the effects of AGN heating and mergers on group properties and structure. While some systems possess clearly disturbed surface brightness features (e.g. cavities), in others high resolution temperature and abundance maps are required to reveal structure indicative of interactions. Comparison between the five systems with strongly disturbed cores and the more relaxed members of the sample suggests that central entropy and cooling time are only affected by the most powerful AGN activity. However, the mass-to-light ratio in the core of some systems drops below that expected for stars alone, suggesting that even in apparently relaxed groups AGN activity may push the gas out of hydrostatic equilibrium. C1 [O'Sullivan, E.; Vrtilek, J. M.; David, L. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ponman, T. J.; Sanderson, A. J. R.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Kempner, J.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP O'Sullivan, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM eosullivan@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 FU NASA [AR4-5012X] FX EOS acknowledges support from NASA grant AR4-5012X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 282 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_51 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500051 ER PT B AU Rebusco, P Churazov, E Bohringer, H Forman, WR AF Rebusco, P. Churazov, E. Boehringer, H. Forman, W. R. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Stochastic gas motions in galaxy clusters SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID ABUNDANCE PROFILES C1 [Rebusco, P.; Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Churazov, E.] Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Boehringer, H.] MPI Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Forman, W. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rebusco, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM pao@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 306 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_55 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500055 ER PT B AU Nagai, D Kravtsov, AV Vikhlinin, A AF Nagai, D. Kravtsov, A. V. Vikhlinin, A. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Modeling Chandra X-ray observations of galaxy clusters using cosmological simulations SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID MASS-TEMPERATURE RELATION; SAMPLE AB X-ray observations of galaxy clusters potentially provide powerful cosmological probes if systematics due to our incomplete knowledge of the intracluster medium (ICM) physics are understood and controlled. In this paper, we study the effects of galaxy formation on the properties of the ICM and X-ray observable-mass relations using high-resolution self-consistent cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters and comparing their results with recent Chandra X-ray observations. We show that despite complexities of their formation and uncertainties in their modeling, clusters of galaxies both in observations and numerical simulations are remarkably regular outside of their cores, which holds great promise for their use as cosmological probes. C1 [Nagai, D.] CALTECH, Mail Code 130-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kravtsov, A. V.] Univ Chicago, KICP & EFI, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL USA. [Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Vikhlinin, A.] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Nagai, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 130-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM daisuke@caltech.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 358 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_65 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500065 ER PT J AU Torres-Carvajal, O AF Torres-Carvajal, Omar TI A taxonomic revision of South American Stenocercus (Squamata : Iguania) lizards SO HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Andes; Iguania; South America; Stenocercus; systematics; taxonomy ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NATURAL-HISTORY; NORTHERN PERU; TROPIDURIDAE; REDESCRIPTION; COLLECTIONS AB South American Stenocercus lizards occur mostly in the Andes and adjacent lowland areas from northern Colombia and Venezuela to central Argentina at elevations of 0-4000 m. In this paper, 61 species of Stenocercus are recognized, including one resurrected as S. angulifer. Morphologically, S. angulifer more closely resembles S. aculeatus. For each species, a diagnosis, description, and summary of distribution are provided based on examination of 2001 specimens and data from the literature. Notes on color in life and natural history are included for most species. Additionally, a dichotomous key to assist in the identification of specimens is provided. C1 [Torres-Carvajal, Omar] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Torres-Carvajal, Omar] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Quito, Ecuador. RP Torres-Carvajal, O (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Torreso@si.edu NR 127 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0733-1347 EI 1938-5137 J9 HERPETOL MONOGR JI Herpetol. Monogr. PY 2007 VL 21 BP 76 EP 178 DI 10.1655/06-001.1 PG 103 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 251AD UT WOS:000252341700003 ER PT J AU Rife, JL Morison, MM Barbet, A Dunn, RK Ubelaker, DH Monier, F AF Rife, Joseph L. Moore Morison, Melissa Barbet, Alix Dunn, Richard K. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Monier, Florence TI Life and death at a port in Roman Greece - The Kenchreai Cemetery Project, 2002-2006 SO HESPERIA LA English DT Review ID CORINTHIAN KENCHREAI; GYMNASIUM AREA; EXCAVATIONS; KORINTHIA AB This article summarizes the goals, methods, and discoveries of the Kenchreai Cemetery Project (2002-2006), an interdisciplinary study ofburial grounds at the eastern port of Corinth during the Roman Empire, from the mid-1st to 7th century A.D. Worl- has concentrated on the main cemetery of cist graves and chamber tombs immediately north of the harbor on the Koutsongila. ridge. The contextual study ofthe geology, topography, architecture, epitaphs, bones, wall painting, and artifacts has illuminated funerary ritual and its relationship to social structure during the early Empire. These burials attest to a diverse and prosperous community with a distinct elite stratum. C1 Macalester Coll, Dept Class, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. Norwich Univ, Dept Geol, Northfield, VT 05663 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Class, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Lab Archeol, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Ctr Etud Peintures Murale Romaines, F-02200 Soissons, France. RP Rife, JL (reprint author), Macalester Coll, Dept Class, 1600 Grand Ave, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. EM rife@macalester.edu; morisonm@gvsu.edu; barbet@ens.fr; rdunn@norwich.edu; UbelakerD@si.edu; appa.cepmr@libertysurf.fr NR 107 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PI PRINCETON PA 6-8 CHARLTON STREET, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-5232 USA SN 0018-098X J9 HESPERIA JI Hesperia PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 BP 143 EP 181 DI 10.2972/hesp.76.1.143 PG 39 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 176LY UT WOS:000247087800007 ER PT B AU Torrelles, JM Patel, NA Curiel, S Anglada, G Gomez, JF AF Torrelles, J. M. Patel, N. A. Curiel, S. Anglada, G. Gomez, J. F. BE Figueras, F Girart, JM Hernanz, M Jordi, C TI Cepheus a, a laboratory for testing and opening new theories on high-mass star formation SO HIGHLIGHTS OF SPANISH ASTROPHYSICS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Scientific Meeting of the Spanish-Astronomical-Society (SEA) CY SEP 12-15, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Astron Soc, Minist Educ & Ciencia, Univ Barcelona, Gen Catalunya, CSIC, INTA, IAC, UB, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, IEEC, Univ Politecn Catalunya, FCR, Gruppo GMV, INSA, BAIE, CESCA, NTE, SA ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; CENTIMETER CONTINUUM EMISSION; THERMAL RADIO JET; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; FORMING REGION; A HW2; H2O MASER; DISK; PROTOSTAR; CANDIDATES AB Cepheus A is one of the closest (725 pc distance) high-mass star-forming regions. At the center of a high-density molecular core seen in ammonia lines, within a similar or equal to 20 '' (similar or equal to 15,000 AU) radius, there is a cluster of sixteen compact radio continuum sources observed at centimeter wavelengths, some of them associated with phenomena such as Herbig-Haro (HH) objects, molecular outflows, jets, disks, masers, and strong magnetic fields, all of which are signatures of the first steps of the evolution of very young stars. In this contribution, we will review some of the past and most recent observations of Cepheus A, a laboratory for testing and opening new puzzling questions related to the early stellar evolution. C1 [Torrelles, J. M.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espacio, Planta 7A,Av Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Patel, N. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Curiel, S.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Anglada, G.; Gomez, J. F.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spain. RP Torrelles, JM (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espacio, Planta 7A,Av Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM torrelles@ieec.fcr.es; npatel@cfa.harvard.edu; scuriel@astroscu.unam.mx; guillem@iaa.es; jfg@iaa.es OI Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085; Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5999-5 PY 2007 BP 263 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6000-7_26 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGS55 UT WOS:000250337700026 ER PT B AU Eiroa, C Fidlund, M Kaltennegger, L Stankov, A AF Eiroa, C. Fidlund, M. Kaltennegger, L. Stankov, A. BE Figueras, F Girart, JM Hernanz, M Jordi, C TI Earth-like exoplanets. Darwin: stellar targets and precursor science SO HIGHLIGHTS OF SPANISH ASTROPHYSICS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Scientific Meeting of the Spanish-Astronomical-Society (SEA) CY SEP 12-15, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Astron Soc, Minist Educ & Ciencia, Univ Barcelona, Gen Catalunya, CSIC, INTA, IAC, UB, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, IEEC, Univ Politecn Catalunya, FCR, Gruppo GMV, INSA, BAIE, CESCA, NTE, SA AB The ESA Darwin mission will search for extrasolar Earth-like planets within the Habitable Zone of stars, study the physical-chemical properties of their atmospheres, identify potential biosignatures, and carry out comparative planetology. In order to achieve these objectives, a suitable sample of stars with very well known properties have to be selected. In this contribution, the Darwin star catalogue is briefly described, as well as some of the current and future observational efforts aiming to characterize the Darwin targets. C1 [Eiroa, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Fidlund, M.; Kaltennegger, L.; Stankov, A.] European Space Agcy, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Kaltennegger, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eiroa, C (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM carlos.eiroa@uam.es; Malcolm.Fridlund@esa.int; lkaltenegger@cfa.harvard.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5999-5 PY 2007 BP 279 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6000-7_28 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGS55 UT WOS:000250337700028 ER PT J AU Scarlett, TJ Speakman, RJ Glascock, MD AF Scarlett, Timothy James Speakman, Robert J. Glascock, Michael D. TI Pottery in the Mormon economy: An historical, archaeological, and archaeometric study SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORCESTER PORCELAIN; WALL AB Pottery production was important to Latter-day Saint communities and distinguished these towns from their non-Mormon neighbors. The potters and workers left scant records that reveal how their wares fit into Utah's theocratically organized economy. Potters and potteries of 19th-century Utah and the Mormon Domain were part of an archaeological survey conducted between 1999 and 2000. The research project yielded examples of kiln wasters that could be subjected to instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The results demonstrate the utility of integrating primary records and archaeometric tools in the study of historical era economic processes. Data also indicate the applicability of the approach for potteries in close geographic proximity and to determine patterns of variation within site assemblages. The authors propose an anthropological research program to explore the economics of religion in Mormon Utah, combining the analytical power of archaeometry with the contextualized questioning possible in historical archaeology. C1 [Scarlett, Timothy James] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Social Sci AOB209, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Glascock, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Scarlett, TJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Social Sci AOB209, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 15245 SHADY GROVE RD, STE 130, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 72 EP 97 PG 26 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 242EX UT WOS:000251708400006 ER PT J AU Forman, P AF Forman, Paul TI How Lewis Mumford saw science, and art, and himself SO HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE abstract; "avant garde," discipline; dualism; Lebensphilosophie; neotechnic; romanticism; Whitehead ID HISTORY AB Mumford saw himself as a scientist of a sort, a fact ignored by nearly every scholar writing about him in the past 30 years. Those viewing Mumford as humanistic social critic have seen him only as inveighing against the limitations and consequences of modern science; they have refused to recognize his very high valuation of science even in its imperfect past and present states. Mumford's estimation of science, of physics especially, was far higher and far more constant than was his estimation of technology, which only during a short period in the late 1920s and early 1930s did he regarded as embodying affirmable values. Where all periodizers of Mumford's writing life have seen only progress into pessimism about science following World War 11 (so C. Lasch and T.P. Hughes), in fact Mumford's valuation of science as an element of culture, and of scientists as agents of social progress, rose in the postwar decades. This was a result of Mumford's rejection of contemporary art, for after the mid-1930s Mumford could no longer suppress the distaste he felt for abstract art, and could no longer sustain his earlier belief-a common faith in the late 19th and early 20th centuries-that art and the artist were the agents by which new, socially salvific values were created. Taking the role of art in Mumford's persona as chief differentiator, three phases are identified in Mumford's writings, with reorientations about 1924 and in the late 1930s. The changing valance Mumford assigned "discipline" confirms that periodization. Attention is drawn to Mumford's romantic, lebensphilosophisch anti-mechanism as common ideology of artistic and literary types in the early 20th century, and to his conception of the reunion of the inner and the outer, the artistic and the scientific, as ideology of intellectual types in the same period. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Forman, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM formanp@si.edu NR 212 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA SN 0890-9997 J9 HIST STUD PHYS BIOL JI Hist. Stud. Phys. Biol. Sci. PY 2007 VL 37 BP 271 EP 336 DI 10.1525/hsps.2007.37.2.271 PN 2 PG 66 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 170VI UT WOS:000246693900005 ER PT S AU Winter, FH AF Winter, Frank H. BE Winter, FH TI The East Parking Lot rocket experiments of North American Aviation, Inc., 1946-1949 SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS HISTORY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd History Symposium of the International-Academy-of-Astronautics CY OCT 04-08, 1999 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astronautical Federat C1 [Winter, Frank H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 978-0-87703-540-4 J9 AAS HIST S PY 2007 VL 28 BP 191 EP 218 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BHD06 UT WOS:000252246200008 ER PT S AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. BE Winter, FH TI Apollo thirtieth anniversary: Two views part 2: Project Apollo in American memory and myth SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS HISTORY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd History Symposium of the International-Academy-of-Astronautics CY OCT 04-08, 1999 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astronautical Federat C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Space Hist Div, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 978-0-87703-540-4 J9 AAS HIST S PY 2007 VL 28 BP 521 EP 537 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BHD06 UT WOS:000252246200023 ER PT S AU Behrensmeyer, AK Bobe, R Alemseged, Z AF Behrensmeyer, A. K. Bobe, R. Alemseged, Z. BE Bobe, R Alemseged, Z Behrensmeyer, AK TI Approaches to the analysis of faunal change durine the East African Pliocene SO HOMININ ENVIRONMENTS IN THE EAST AFRICAN PLIOCENE: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FAUNAL EVIDENCE SE Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hominid Environments and Paleoecology in the East African Pliocene CY MAY, 2004 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol HO Smithsonian Inst DE hominin; mammals; paleoecology; paleocommunity; Africa; Turkana; Kanapoi; Omo ID RECENT BONE ASSEMBLAGE; TIME RESOLUTION; VERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGICAL CHANGE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; LATE-QUATERNARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; OLDUVAI GORGE AB Vertebrate faunas provide important evidence for the ecological context of evolving hominins over a wide range of scales, from site-specific analysis of taxa directly associated with hominin fossils to faunal trends indicating long-term environmental change that could have affected human evolution. The foundation for all such paleoecological interpretations consists of fossil specimens in their original geological context. Study of fossils in context generates a body of "first-order" evidence consisting of taxonomic identifications of specimens and placement of these taxa in a time/space continuum. Analysis of first-order faunal data in light of additional evidence about taphonomy, sedimentology, geochemistry, and ecomorphology generates a body of "second-order" interpretations. These require additional assumptions and result in evidence for the ecological attributes of a taxon, its habitat, and its temporal and spatial relationships to other taxa. Both first- and second-order data sets can be examined for larger-scale patterns across space and through time. The validity of inferences relating faunal evidence to the ecology of a hominin species requires an additional step, i.e., careful consideration of exactly how the faunal information relates spatially and temporally to hominin remains and archeological sites. Examples of different approaches to using faunal information to infer paleoenviromnental contexts, paleoecological relationships, and long-term ecological trends highlight major issues in faunal analysis and how these relate to understanding the ecological context of human evolution. C1 [Behrensmeyer, A. K.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol & Evolut Trr Ecosyst Program, POB 37012,NHB MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bobe, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Alemseged, Z.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionare Anthropol, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RP Behrensmeyer, AK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol & Evolut Trr Ecosyst Program, POB 37012,NHB MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM behrensa@si.edu; renebobe@uga.edu; zeray@eva.mpg.de NR 95 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-9077 BN 978-1-4020-3097-0 J9 VERTEBR PALEOBIOL PA JI Vertebr. Paleobiol. Paleoanthropol. PY 2007 BP 1 EP + PG 7 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA BHA43 UT WOS:000251849900001 ER PT B AU Potts, R AF Potts, R. BE Bobe, R Alemseged, Z Behrensmeyer, AK TI Environmental hypotheses of Pliocene human evolution SO HOMININ ENVIRONMENTS IN THE EAST AFRICAN PLIOCENE: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FAUNAL EVIDENCE SE Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hominid Environments and Paleoecology in the East African Pliocene CY MAY, 2004 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol HO Smithsonian Inst DE human evolution; Pliocene climate; environment; fauna; climate dynamics; turnover pulse; variability selection; adaptability ID EARLY HOMINID PHYLOGENY; MIDDLE AWASH VALLEY; AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; EAST-AFRICA; GENUS HOMO; OLORGESAILIE FORMATION; BODY PROPORTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OLDUVAI-GORGE; TURKANA BASIN AB Substantial evolutionary change in Pliocene hominins affected a suite of behaviors and anatomical features related to mobility, foraging, and diet - all related to the ways in which hominins interacted with their biotic and physical surroundings. The influence of environment on evolutionary change can be stated as a series of hypotheses. Adaptation hypotheses include the following: novel adaptations emerged in hominins and contemporaneous mammals (1) within relatively stable habitats; (2) during progressive shifts from one habitat type to another; and (3) due to significant rises in environmental variability. These ideas further suggest the "adaptability hypothesis": (4) since adaptations potentially evolved in environmentally stable, progressively changing, or highly variable periods, lineages have differed in their ability to endure environmental fluctuation. Thus, extinction of certain adaptations (and lineages) should have corresponded with heightened environmental variability, while new adaptations evolved during those periods should have enabled a lineage to persist (and spread) through a novel range of habitats. Turnover hypotheses, on the other hand, concern the timing and processes of species origination and extinction in multiple clades. These hypotheses state that species turnover; (5) was concentrated in a narrow interval of time related to a major climate shift; (6) spanned several hundred thousand years of climate change, and occurred in a predictable manner dependent on the nature of species adaptations; and (7) took place gradually over a long period as lineages originated, persisted, or went extinct within a changing mosaic of habitats. A separate, biogeographic hypothesis regarding faunal change posits that; (8) substantial climatic and tectonic disruptions resulted in multiple episodes of faunal community formation (assembly) and breakup (disassembly). This assembly-disassembly process may have had profound effects on Pliocene and Pleistocene faunas of Africa and on researchers' ability to infer significant events of faunal evolution from fossil sequences at the basin or sub-basin scale. Since all ideas about environmental effects on evolution depend on temporal correlation, an important challenge is to match faunal sampling to the precessional (similar to 20 Kyr) and obliquity (41 Kyr) scale of Pliocene climate dynamics. C1 [Potts, R.] Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 113 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3097-0 J9 VERTEBR PALEOBIOL PA JI Vertebr. Paleobiol. Paleoanthropol. Ser. PY 2007 BP 25 EP 49 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-3098-7_2 PG 25 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA BHA43 UT WOS:000251849900002 ER PT S AU Behrensmeyer, AK Alemseged, Z Bobe, R AF Behrensmeyer, A. K. Alemseged, Z. Bobe, R. BE Bobe, R Alemseged, Z Behrensmeyer, AK TI Finale and future - Investigating faunal evidence for hominin paleoecology in East Africa SO HOMININ ENVIRONMENTS IN THE EAST AFRICAN PLIOCENE: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FAUNAL EVIDENCE SE Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hominid Environments and Paleoecology in the East African Pliocene CY MAY, 2004 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol HO Smithsonian Inst ID KENYA; EVOLUTION; TANZANIA; SITE; AGE C1 [Behrensmeyer, A. K.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012 NHB MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Alemseged, Z.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionare Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Bobe, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Behrensmeyer, AK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012 NHB MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM behrensa@si.edu; zeray@eva.mpg.de; renebobe@uga.edu FU National Science FoundationSmithsonian Institution's Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ETE) Program [BCS 0422048]; Human Origins Program; ETE contribution [168] FX We would like to thank all of the participants in the 2003 AAPA symposium and the 2004 Smithsonian workshop for freely sharing their ideas and experiences relating to late Cenozoic faunas. The workshop was funded by theNational Science Foundation (BCS 0422048) and by the Smithsonian Institutions Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ETE) Program and Human Origins Program. This is ETE contribution #168 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-9077 BN 978-1-4020-3097-0 J9 VERTEBR PALEOBIOL PA JI Vertebr. Paleobiol. Paleoanthropol. PY 2007 BP 333 EP + PG 4 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA BHA43 UT WOS:000251849900013 ER PT S AU Kalfatovie, MR Shaw, CA Pilsk, SC AF Kalfatovie, Martin R. Shaw, Courtney Anne Pilsk, Suzanne C. BE Anderson, KL TI Open access to legacy taxonomic literature: Index Animalium & The biodiversity heritage library: Open access to legacy literature SO IAMSLIC: EVERY CONTINENT, EVERY OCEAN SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCE, LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Conference of the International-Association-of-Aquatic-and-Marine-Science-Libraries-and-In formation-Centers CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Int Assoc Aquat & Marine Sci Lib & Informat Ctr DE Charles Sherborn; Index Animalium; species; taxonomic nomenclature; digitization; bibliographic references; OCLC WorldCat; Smithsonian Institution Libraries; National Museum of Natural History; Marine Biological Laboratory; UBio; Open Content Alliance; Biodiversity Heritage Library AB After reviewing taxonomic literature, the principles of nomenclature, and introducing Sherborn's Index Animalium, the speakers talk about going beyond page scanning to data parsing and data mining, thus being able to connect users to the literature they need. The Biodiversity Heritage Library, a project to digitize the monographic and serial taxonomic literature is then discussed. C1 [Kalfatovie, Martin R.] Smithsonian Inst Lib, Head New Media Off, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA SN 8755-6332 J9 IAMSLIC C S PY 2007 VL 32 BP 113 EP 121 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BHB88 UT WOS:000252106000016 ER PT J AU Quantin, C Mangold, N Hartmann, WK Allemand, P AF Quantin, Cathy Mangold, Nicolas Hartmann, William K. Allemand, Pascal TI Possible long-term decline in impact rates - 1. Martian geological data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE cratering; Mars; surface ID MAIN ASTEROID BELT; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; VALLES-MARINERIS; CRATERING CHRONOLOGY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; RECENT VOLCANISM; MARS; EVOLUTION; AGES; LANDSLIDES AB Quantin et al. [Quantin. C.. Allemand, P., Mangold, N., Delacourt, C., 2004a. Icarus 172, 555-572] tabulated crater count data for 56 landslides along the walls of Valles Marineris. Under the assumption of a constant cratering rate after about 3 Gyr ago, as used in the 1999-2005 iterations of the crater chronology isochron system of Hartmann, and in the Hartmann and Neukum system, these data indicate a regularly increasing rate of landslides. which would be difficult to explain. We suggest that these data may support a decline in inner Solar System cratering rates by about a factor of 3 since 3 Gyr ago, not unlike predictions based on asteroid belt collision models. Such a decline is also supported by our review of data on lunar impact melts and glass spherules in a companion paper [Hartmann, W.K., Quantin, C., Mangold, N., 2007., Icarus 186, 11-23]. Such models produce not only a more uniform rate of landslides over the last 3 Gyr, but also a more uniform rate of resurfacing processes which also had an apparent increase under the assumption of a constant cratering rate. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Lab Sci Terre,UMR 5570, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR8148, F-91405 Orsay, France. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Quantin, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, POB 37012,MRC 315, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM quantinc@si.edu RI allemand, pascal/B-3148-2008; Quantin, Cathy/H-1516-2014 NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2007 VL 186 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.008 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125XA UT WOS:000243475600001 ER PT J AU Zatwarnicki, T Mathis, WN AF Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz Mathis, Wayne N. TI A revision of the Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen (Diptera : Ephydridae) SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article AB The four Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen are revised, including the description of an undescribed species. The undescribed species, D. baechlii, is found at higher elevations mainly in Austria and Switzerland (type locality: Graubunden: Ausserferrera-Cresta (1300-1670 m; 46 degrees 28'N, 9 degrees 31'E). Three species, D. baechlii, D. incurva, and D. maritima, form a monophyletic species group; the fourth species, D. maculipennis, has only been found in Japan in the Palearctic region and is undoubtedly an introduction from the Oriental region. Lectotypes are designated for: Discomyza amabilis Kertesz, Discomyza pelagica Frauenfeld and Psilopa incurva Fallen. C1 Opole Univ, Dept Biosyst, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. Smithsonian Inst, NHB 169, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zatwarnicki, T (reprint author), Opole Univ, Dept Biosyst, Ul Oleska 22, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. EM zatwar@uni.opole.pl; mathisw@si.edu OI Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz/0000-0003-2163-0143 NR 74 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 241 EP 266 DI 10.1163/187631207788754448 PG 26 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 234UQ UT WOS:000251189900001 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Marin, H Zimmerman, JK Wcislo, WT AF Fernandez-Marin, H. Zimmerman, J. K. Wcislo, W. T. TI Fungus garden platforms improve hygiene during nest establishment in Acromyrmex ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Acromyrmex; nest founding; hygiene; disease; fungus garden; prophylactic devices ID PARASITES; DISEASE; PATHOGENS; MUTUALISM; EVOLUTION; BACTERIA; BEHAVIOR AB Physically isolating organisms from disease agents should reduce the likelihood of disease transmission and infection, and increase survival and growth, particularly in more vulnerable, early ontogenetic stages. During nest founding in fungus-growing ants, foundresses of most genera use a garden platform to isolate the incipient fungal garden from the soil of the underground chamber. We studied nest founding in Acromyrmex octospinosus to test the hypotheses that the use of a platform (rootlets used to suspend the fungus garden): (i) reduces the likelihood that the garden will be contaminated by soil-borne microbial pathogens; (ii) results in more rapid growth of a young colony; and (iii) increases colony survival. We manipulated natural incipient nests to have gardens either in contact with or isolated from soil surrounding the chamber, and nests with and without foundresses present. We found a higher incidence of infection in gardens that were in contact with the chamber soil and without queens, compared with gardens isolated from the chamber soil with and without foundresses. The production of eggs, larvae and pupae, as well as leaf area harvested, were significantly different between nests with and without platforms, but there were no differences in the production of workers nor garden biomass. Likewise, there were no differences between treatments in colony survival rates over 8 weeks. Using smaller incipient gardens, however, gardens with and without platforms differed in survivorship rates after 24 hours. The results indicate that the use of a platform to cultivate an incipient fungal garden is an adaptation to reduce soil-borne diseases and increase colony performance. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. RP Fernandez-Marin, H (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM hermogenes_f@hotmail.com; WcisloW@si.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s00040-007-0907-z PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 141FX UT WOS:000244565300011 ER PT J AU Liu, F Roubik, DW He, D Li, J AF Liu, F. Roubik, D. W. He, D. Li, J. TI Old comb for nesting site recognition by Apis dorsata? Field experiments in China SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Apis dorsata; China; comb experiments; navigation; migratory tropical honey bees ID TRUE NAVIGATION; ENTOMOLOGY; HONEYBEES; MIGRATION; MAP AB The Asian giant honey bee, Apis dorsata, often conducts seasonal, long-distance migrations in southern China, between a preferred tree (having more than one nest) and alternate sites. Although worker bees cannot make a round-trip journey, colonies re-utilize preferred trees after an absence of several months. We performed comb experiments in which bases and all abandoned combs were entirely scraped off trees and their sites covered with plastic, or comb was moved to trees of the same species. Swarms of giant honey bees investigated trees where combs were removed and continued to nest on the same trees. In contrast, placing combs in nets on previously used trees, or on nearby trees of the same species, did not attract more swarms. The same number of colonies that left them returned to previously occupied trees. Our findings suggest that direct olfactory or sensory contact with old comb bases might regulate nest establishment, but individual trees, lacking normal visual or chemical cues of old nests, are relocated using behavioral devices that remain to be elucidated. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. RP Roubik, DW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. EM flliu@xtbg.ac.cn; roubikd@si.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 424 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s00040-007-0963-4 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 239JB UT WOS:000251513500017 ER PT J AU Beane, RJ Sorensen, SS AF Beane, Rachel J. Sorensen, Sorena S. TI Protolith signatures and element mobility of the Maksyntov Complex subducted slab, southern Ural Mountains, Russia SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION; PRESSURE MAKSYUTOV COMPLEX; CATALINA SCHIST; FORE-ARC; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; METAMORPHIC COMPLEX; GARNET AMPHIBOLITES; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ISLAND-ARC AB Geochemical data from the Maksyulov Complex in the southern Ural Mountains provide evidence for the nature of the protoliths of eciogite boudins and sedimentary gneiss from the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphosed (UHPM) subducted slab, and for an evaluation of fluid-mediated mass transfer in the Devonian to Carboniferous subduction zone. Eclogites have major- and trace-element compositions of tholeiitic basalts with enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) characteristics, whereas sedimentary gneiss resembles continent-derived shales. The geochemical data combined with field relations and Proterozoic protolith ages suggest the eclogite boudins formed as dikes or sills of basalt in sedimentary continental material of the East European platform during the initial opening of the paleo-Uralian ocean. Portions of the mafic boudins show large-ion lithophile-element (LILE) and light-rare-earth element (LREE) enrichment. Fluid transport of the LILE and LREE in the subduction zone seems to have been channelized (or otherwised spatially organized) on a scale of meters, rather than resulting from pervasive fluid flow. The metasomatizing fluids were most likely dehydration fluids produced during prograde metamorphism of sediments or K-altered basalts that were preserved through peak metamorphism and may have transported additional elements during retrograde metasoniatism. C1 Bowdoin Coll, Dept Geol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Beane, RJ (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Geol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. EM rbeane@bowdoin.edu NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 52 EP 72 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.49.1.52 PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA 123RU UT WOS:000243314100004 ER PT J AU Benfield, SL Guzman, HM Mair, JM Young, JAT AF Benfield, S. L. Guzman, H. M. Mair, J. M. Young, J. A. T. TI Mapping the distribution of coral reefs and associated sublittoral habitats in Pacific Panama: a comparison of optical satellite sensors and classification methodologies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IKONOS DATA; SPECTRAL DISCRIMINATION; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; EASTERN PACIFIC; ACCURACY; ISLANDS; IMAGERY; ENVIRONMENTS; MANAGEMENT; SCHEME AB This research compared the ability of Landsat ETM+, Quickbird and three image classification methods for discriminating amongst coral reefs and associated habitats in Pacific Panama. Landsat ETM+ and Quickbird were able to discriminate coarse and intermediate habitat classes, but this was sensitive to classification method. Quickbird was significantly more accurate than Landsat (14% to 17%). Contextual editing was found to improve the user's accuracy of important habitats. The integration of object-oriented classification with non-spectral information in eCognition produced the most accurate results. This method allowed sufficiently accurate maps to be produced from Landsat, which was not possible using the maximum likelihood classifier. Object-oriented classification was up to 24% more accurate than the maximum likelihood classifier for Landsat and up to 17% more accurate for Quickbird. The research indicates that classification methodology should be an important consideration in coral reef remote sensing. An object-oriented approach to image classification shows potential for improving coral reef resource inventory. C1 Argyll & Bute Council, Marine & Coastal Dev Unit, Oban PA34 4AR, Argyll, Scotland. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Built Environm, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Benfield, SL (reprint author), Argyll & Bute Council, Marine & Coastal Dev Unit, Lorn House,Albany St, Oban PA34 4AR, Argyll, Scotland. EM sarah.benfield@argyll-bute.gov.uk NR 40 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 22 BP 5047 EP 5070 DI 10.1080/01431160701258062 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 223GV UT WOS:000250358800007 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MS Sadler, PM AF Schwartz, Marc S. Sadler, Philip M. TI Empowerment in science curriculum development: A microdevelopmental approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; CONCEPTUAL CHANGE; INSTRUCTION AB This study characterizes how learning and teaching differs as the responsibility for choosing curriculum goals and the strategies to reach those goals shifts between teacher and the students. Three different pedagogical approaches were used with 125 seventh-grade and eighth-grade students. All three curricula focus on electromagnetism, and were taught by two teachers in different schools over a two-week period. When students had control over the strategies employed to reach goals, their engagement stayed high. All three curricula advanced student understanding to some degree; however, large and significant gains were seen only for the pedagogy in which teachers set the specific learning goals and students had control over how to achieve them. Microdevelopment, a principle by which short-term learning recapitulates the stages seen in long-term developmental growth, is found to be a useful framework for curriculum development and for analyzing changes in student understanding. In general, initial "tinkering" activities are best followed by attempts at representing phenomena, only then to be followed by abstract conceptualization. On balance, we find that students benefit most from freedom to control the procedures that they generate in response to well-structured goals presented by the teacher. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1Y2, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schwartz, MS (reprint author), McGill Univ, 3700 McTavish St, Montreal, PQ H3A 1Y2, Canada. EM marc.schwartz@mcgill.ca NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0693 J9 INT J SCI EDUC JI Int. J. Sci. Educ. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 8 BP 987 EP 1017 DI 10.1080/09500690600931053 PG 31 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 173UH UT WOS:000246897500003 ER PT J AU Rutzler, K Maldonado, M Piantoni, C Riesgo, A AF Rutzler, Klaus Maldonado, Manuel Piantoni, Carla Riesgo, Ana TI Iotrochota revisited: a new sponge and review of species from the western tropical Atlantic (Poecilosclerida : Iotrochotidae) SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE Caribbean coral reefs; distributional ecology; diversity; new species; Porifera; sympatric distribution; systematic revision AB The systematics of tropical and subtropical western Atlantic species of Iotrochota is re-examined in light of the discovery of an undescribed species. Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin), the type species, is found to have more characters than previously recognised and is redefined with emphasis on a skeleton of spongin fibres containing stout, curved styles and strongyles (category I) and an interstitial spiculation consisting mainly of longer, slender and straight styles (II). Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault is confirmed as a synonym of the above. The new species, named I. arenosa, sp. nov., differs in external morphology, strong mucus development, incorporation of sand and interstitial spicules that are mainly long, straight strongyles. Iotrochota atra (Whitfield), thought to be a synonym of I. birotulata, is recognised as a separate species occurring exclusively in the Bahamas and is found to be a senior synonym of I. imminuta Pulitzer-Finali; it is morphologically very similar to I. birotulata, but lacks birotulae and has a strongly reduced skeleton of megascleres (mostly one category of delicate strongyles). Iotrochota agglomerata Lehnert & van Soest is recognised as the fourth distinct species for its unusual colour (orange), thinly encrusting habit and special spiculation (styles with tylostylote modifications). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. CSIC, Dept Aquat Ecol, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. RP Rutzler, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM ruetzler@si.edu RI Maldonado, Manuel/J-9331-2012; Riesgo, Ana/E-3341-2014; OI Riesgo, Ana/0000-0002-7993-1523; Piantoni, Carla/0000-0002-1201-0041 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1071/IS06040 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 169XD UT WOS:000246624500004 ER PT J AU Mah, C AF Mah, Christopher TI Systematics, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea : Valvatida : Goniasteridae) SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review ID SEA STARS ASTEROIDEA; COPES RULE; OXYGEN AVAILABILITY; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BENTHIC FAUNA; ECHINODERMATA; SIZE; EVOLUTION; SHELF AB Morphology- based phylogenetic hypotheses developed for living and fossil goniasterid asteroids have provided several unique opportunities to study bathymetric and biogeographic shifts for an ecologically important group of prominent, megafaunal invertebrates. A cladistic analysis of 18 ingroup taxa employing 65 morphological characters resulted in a single most parsimonious tree. The tree supports assignment of the Atlantic Tosia parva ( Perrier, 1881) and the Pacific Tosia queenslandensis Livingstone, 1932 to new, separate genera. The phylogenetic tree supports offshore to onshore bathymetric shifts between basal and derived taxa. The phylogeny is also consistent with historical events surrounding the separation of Antarctica from Australia and South Africa. Buterminaster Blake & Zinsmeister, 1988 from the Eocene La Meseta Formation, Antarctic Peninsula, was included in the phylogenetic analysis and is now supported as the only fossil species in the genus Pentagonaster Gray, 1840. Pentagonaster stibarus H. L. Clark, 1914 is separated from synonymy with P. dubeni Gray, 1847 and resurrected as a valid species. The new genus, Akelbaster, gen. nov., shows unusual new structures that resemble cribiform organs, although their function has not been determined. One specific ingroup lineage, including Tosia and Pentagonaster, attains a much larger adult size than those of its sister- taxa, suggesting that Cope's rule may apply to asteroids within this clade. Pentagonaster and related genera are revised. Descriptions of four new genera and three new species are presented, including: Akelbaster novaecaledoniae, gen. nov., sp. nov., Ryukuaster onnae, gen. nov., sp. nov., Eknomiaster beccae, sp. nov., Pawsonaster parvus, gen. nov., comb. nov. and Anchitosia queenslandensis, gen. nov., comb. nov. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mah, C (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 163,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mahch@si.edu RI Mah, Christopher/B-5771-2008 NR 129 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 311 EP 339 DI 10.1071/IS06049 PG 29 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 211ZR UT WOS:000249563700002 ER PT J AU Frazier, J AF Frazier, J. TI Sustainable use of wildlife: The view from archaeozoology SO JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE archaeology; collaboration; conservation; interdisciplinary; integration; interpretation; multidisciplinary; zooarchaeology ID NORTH-AMERICA; RAIN-FOREST; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; PERSPECTIVE; ARCHAEOLOGY; EXTINCTION; MANAGEMENT; HISTORIES AB The concept of "sustainable use" is a polemic, especially when referring to wildlife and other "natural resources." Claims vary from persistent overuse to traditional practices of sustaining the resource base. Arguments for either side routinely draw from contemporary situations, relying on relatively short time periods. But, if the notion "sustainable" is to be consequential, the period under consideration must be meaningful - claims that trends over a few years or even decades are representative of tong-term phenomena are questionable, for they depend on numerous untested, if not untestable, assumptions. Research in anthropology, biology, biological conservation, ecology, policy, restoration ecology, social development, and wildlife management is routinely constrained to relatively short time periods, and such results are of limited value for evaluating sustainable use. Archaeozoology provides unique tools for investigating trends in human-resource relations over periods of centuries and millennia; it is one of the few disciptines explicitty dedicated to the study of material evidence over significant time periods that bears directly on the question of sustainable use. Hence, objective, scientific evaluation of sustainable use must contemplate archaeozootogical. evidence. Yet, archaeozoology often does not provide definitive answers: it is wrought with fundamental problems in sampling, data gathering, analysis, and interpretation (e.g., varying screen sizes; meta-sampling procedures; comparisons across diverse spatial., temporal., and environmental continua; etc.). Typically data must be evaluated through inference, rather than through direct observations and experiments. Moreover, environmental variation (e.g., climate change, sea level change, tectonic movement, etc.), as well as changes in societies, confounds the interpretation of long-term human-environmental trends. But, those challenges are not unique to archaeozoology, for biological and ecological phenomena are no less subject to multiple sources of environmental and social variation. The difference is that archaeologists are patently cognizant of these sources of variability, and they openly debate them when interpreting data, while in other disciptines these sources of change are routinely ignored. Nonetheless, despite the unique relevance of their work, few archaeozoologists have ventured outside their discipline to engage natural scientists and policy makers in issues of biological conservation and wildlife biology, and particularly the root questions of sustainable use. In addition to considering data and hypotheses regarding long-term prehistoric human-wildlife interactions, it is essential to view this information within broader perspectives, linked to other disciplines as well as to contemporary social and policy issues. Because sustainable use is mandated in international instruments and national policies, the notion has relevance in arenas far beyond academia, where archaeozoologists must be integrated into interdisciplinary teams. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. ALL rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Frazier, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, 1500 Remount Rd, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kurma@shentel.net NR 79 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1617-1381 EI 1618-1093 J9 J NAT CONSERV JI J. Nat. Conserv. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jnc.2007.08.001 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HK UT WOS:000251224100001 ER PT J AU Field, MP LaVigne, M Murphy, KR Ruiz, GM Sherrell, RM AF Field, M. Paul LaVigne, Michele Murphy, Kathleen R. Ruiz, Gregory M. Sherrell, Robert M. TI Direct determination of P, V, Mn, As, Mo, Ba and U in seawater by SF-ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY FEB 18-23, 2007 CL Taormina, ITALY ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE; SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT; METHANE ADDITION; INTERFERENCES; VERIFICATION; METALS; URINE; GAS AB A rapid high-throughput method is presented for the determination of trace elements (P, V, Mn, As, Mo, Ba and U) in seawater with application to tracing ballast water exchange in ocean-going vessels. By employing direct flow injection and methane addition the method is capable of 4700 continuous determinations of ten-fold diluted seawater samples in less than 30 h. The utility and resolution of elemental tracers are enhanced when accuracy and precision are sufficient to provide determination errors that are negligible relative to oceanic variations. Here we demonstrate longterm precision <+/-7% (2-SD) and accuracy within the certified (2-SD) values for NASS-5 (n = 103; ten different analytical dates). Although all our values either agree very well (<5%; V and U) with suggested values or fall within (2-SD; Mn, As and Mo) the certified range of NASS-5, better agreement for Mo is expected. Our determined value of 9.1 mu g L-1 for Mo is more oceanographically consistent and in better agreement with other studies than the certified value (9.6 mg L-1) and likely represents a more accurate value for NASS-5. We also suggest values of 17.7 mg L-1 for P and 5.1 mg L-1 for Ba, two elements that are uncertified and have no listed informative values. The new method could be expanded and applied to other problems in seawater analysis requiring high precision and sample throughput. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Field, MP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM field@imcs.rutgers.edu RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X NR 16 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1145 EP 1151 DI 10.1039/b617597j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 202QE UT WOS:000248917300027 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Coddington, JA Knoffach, B AF Agnarsson, Ingi Coddington, Jonathan A. Knoffach, Barbara TI Morphology and evolution of cobweb spider male genitalia (Araneae, Theridiidae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE character homology; congruence; phylogeny; tests of homology; primary homology ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ANELOSIMUS ARANEAE; COPULATORY MECHANISM; SEXUAL CANNIBALISM; RELATIVES ARANEAE; ARACHNIDA; ARANEOIDEA; HOMOLOGY; LATRODECTUS; LINYPHIIDAE AB This study elucidates the homology of elements of the male palps in the spider family Theridiidae. We survey and illustrate 60 species from 29 out of the 86 currently recognized genera representing all subfamilies. The study is buttressed by a phylogenetic framework, and uses a new method to evaluate critically competing homology hypotheses based on various criteria. Among the classic criteria for homology, topology performed better than special similarity, and much better than function. Guided by those results, we propose names for and correspondences among the broad diversity of theridiid palpal tegular sclerites. We discuss the phylogenetic utility and distribution of key palpal characteristics, and evaluate existing evolutionary hypotheses of the theridiid palp and its components. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot & Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, Div Terr Ecol & Taxonomy, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NHB-105,PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM ingi@zoology.ubc.ca NR 134 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 EI 1937-2396 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 334 EP 395 DI 10.1636/SH-06-36.1 PG 62 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 211RV UT WOS:000249541900010 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Coddington, JA May-Collado, LJ AF Agnarsson, Ingi Coddington, Jonathan A. May-Collado, Laura J. TI Elongated pedicillate setae: A putative sensory system and synapomorphy of spiders SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE araneae; phylogeny; proprioreception ID THERIDIIDAE; ARANEAE; LEGS AB We survey spiders from 43 families, 62 genera, and three arachnid outgroups for the presence and diversity of elongated pedicillate setae (EPS)-a complex system of probably sensory setae hitherto undocumented outside Theridiidae. Although not present in all spiders, these setae are sufficiently widespread to suggest they are primitively present in the order. Because they are absent in related arachnids, they appear to be a synapomorphy of spiders. Based on the morphology and orientation of these setae, it has been suggested that they supplement abdominal slit sensilla in proprioception, documenting the position and movement of the abdomen relative to the cephalothorax. Although still poorly known, the presence and distribution of these setae are informative at lower and higher phylogenetic levels. C1 [Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.] Smithsonian Inst, Syst Biol Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [May-Collado, Laura J.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM iagnarsson@gmail.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 411 EP 426 DI 10.1636/SH07-01.1 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 266XW UT WOS:000253472200001 ER PT J AU Zapata, FA Robertson, DR AF Zapata, Fernando A. Robertson, D. Ross TI How many species of shore fishes are there in the Tropical Eastern Pacific? SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE body-size variation; depth-range effects; faunal richness; geographic range size; habitat richness; habitat-use effects; shore fishes; species-description dynamics; Tropical Eastern Pacific ID BODY-SIZE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; RICHNESS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; MAGNITUDE; FAUNA; OCEAN AB Aim To assess whether the total richness of the shore-fish fauna of a discrete biogeographical region can be predicted, and to estimate how long it is likely to take to enumerate that fauna. Location The Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), an isolated biogeographical region with a high level of endemism (72%) among its modestly rich, known fauna of shore fishes (1222 named + 58 known undescribed shallow-water species). Methods We used patterns in the long-term dynamics and accumulation curves of descriptions of new species, which began in 1758, correlates of these patterns, and the body size-frequency distributions of various ecological groups of the fauna to (1) try to predict the total richness of that fauna, (2) estimate how many species might be missing and what biological characteristics they might have, and (3) estimate how long their discovery and description will take to complete. Results Accumulation curves for the entire fauna, for all TEP endemics or for reef and soft-bottom species (77.5% of the fauna) are not approaching asymptotes, and their description rates have remained fairly stable over the past century. However, curves for pelagic and multi-habitat species (22.5% of the fauna) may be nearing asymptotes, perhaps because these species are relatively accessible to collection. These curves clearly indicate that the total TEP fauna is substantially richer than the presently known fauna, but do not allow reliable prediction of its richness. Extrapolations from frequency distributions of the body size of different ecological groups of TEP fishes indicate that the entire fauna is at least 12-15% larger than the currently known fauna. Main conclusions From recent description trends, undiscovered species will tend to be small, have limited geographic and depth ranges, and live in deeper water. Poorly known, priority areas for taxonomic investigation in the TEP include deeper reef habitats, two isolated island groups, and several continental areas with unusual environments. At current levels of traditional taxonomic activity, the description of known unnamed species will take c.15 years, and assessment of the richness of unknown species, which probably number in the hundreds, will take decades. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali 25360, Colombia. RP Robertson, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM drr@stri.org NR 63 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01586.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 116GN UT WOS:000242790600004 ER PT J AU Cruz-Rivera, E Paul, VJ AF Cruz-Rivera, Edwin Paul, Valerie J. TI Chemical deterrence of a cyanobacterial metabolite against generalized and specialized grazers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical defense; cyanobacteria; Guam; Lyngbya majuscula; mesograzers; pitipeptolide ID LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA AB Pitipeptolide A is the major secondary metabolite in a persistent population of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Guam. Because this cyanobacterium is of low preference to many sympatric consumers, we tested the hypothesis that this compound acted as a chemical defense. Pitipeptolide A was deterrent to urchins, two species of amphipods, and small herbivorous crabs, whereas it did not deter feeding by the sea hare Stylocheilus striatus, which readily consumes cyanobacteria. Although our comparison included various small invertebrates, which are often tolerant to algal chemical defenses, this cyanobacterial compound proved deterrent at natural concentrations to all but one of the consumer species tested. Thus, the production of defensive secondary metabolites is likely related to the common occurrence of L. majuscula on this coral reef despite the abundance of diverse grazers. C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Biol, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Cruz-Rivera, E (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Biol, 1400 JR Lynch St, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM edwin@utmsi.utexas.edu OI Cruz-Rivera, Edwin/0000-0002-5376-9863 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 53001] NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9212-y PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119GZ UT WOS:000243002100018 PM 17063408 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Bernasconi, MP Toth, T Mariottini, S Iannelli, MT AF Stanley, Jean-Daniel Bernasconi, Maria Pia Toth, Tamas Mariottini, Stefano Iannelli, Maria Teresa TI Coast of ancient Kaulonia (Calabria, Italy): Its submergence, lateral shifts, and use as a major source of construction material SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE archaeological material; beach processes; beachrock; building material; coastline shift; cores; faulting; land uplift; late Holocene; seismic survey; submerged cape; subsidence; temple; wave erosion ID HOLOCENE; STRATIGRAPHY; COLLAPSE AB Divers in the 1980s discovered a large concentration of archaeological material on the seafloor off Kaulonia, a Greek colony on the Ionian coast of southern Italy. It has been proposed that a small hook-shaped cape, now submerged, was present off the site during settlement from about 700 to 389 BC. Since 1992, however, most of Kaulonia's seafloor sector has been buried by a thick (to 4 m) sand cover. This investigation resumes study of Kaulonia's margin by high-resolution seismic survey, analysis of sediment in cores and excavated sections buried along the coast, and petrologic examination of rock used for construction of a temple, the site's major structure. The sector, located in the tectonically active Calabrian are, has been subject to considerable elevation rise of land onshore, and an equivalent rate of seafloor subsidence (similar to 1 mm/yr). A distinct Holocene sequence, composed of beachrock-type sandstone and fluvial-marine-transported conglomerate, in sediment sections landward of the beach can be traced seaward to depths of similar to 7 m about 300 m from the present shoreline. Correlation of the sequence helps define changes of coastline position from before Greek settlement to the present. Rather than a generally progressive migration landward of the shoreline in response to relative sea-level rise, the coast has experienced more complex shifts (sea-to-land, land-to-sea, and return to land) due to up-and-down motion in the sector between the alluvial plain behind the beach and innermost shelf. By the mid-Holocene, the shoreline had advanced seaward, resulting in coastal emergence, and it did not return landward (resubmerging the margin) until after the site's abandonment; submergence was complete by late Roman time. We now recognize a broad arcuate headland, rather than a small hooked cape, seaward of the site similar to 2500 years ago. Without a lagoon, sufficiently deep lake, or man-made port available for protected anchorage, vessels sailing to Kaulonia for trade were either beached or anchored close to shore and, perhaps seasonally, within the mouth of the Assi River. Composition of beachrock-type sandstone in Holocene sections on land is comparable to that offshore and also to sandstone used for temple base construction. Extensive sandstone exposures along this coast may have been one reason why Greeks selected the site for settlement. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Geoarchaeol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Geol Explorat & Environm Res Ltd, H-1095 Budapest, Hungary. Assoc Culturale Kodros, I-00013 Mentana, RM, Italy. Soprintendenza, I-89100 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Geoarchaeol Program, E-205 NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stanleyd@si.edu NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.2112/06A-0017.1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 137ZV UT WOS:000244333000002 ER PT J AU Hayek, LAC Buzas, MA Osterman, LE AF Hayek, Lee-Ann C. Buzas, Martin A. Osterman, Lisa E. TI Community structure of foraminiferal communities within temporal biozones from the western Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHE ANALYSIS; ABUNDANCE AB Community structure is often an overlooked dimension of biodiversity. Knowledge of community structure, the statistical distribution of the relative species abundance vector, makes possible comparisons and contrasts across time, space and/or environmental conditions. Our results indicate that species of Arctic foraminifera in age-correlated cores from abyssal depths are each best described by log-series distributions. Using this structural information, we were able to determine that structural stability exists for at least 50 ka. The foraminiferal communities in this study show remarkable concordance, distributional similarity and support the neutral theory of biodiversity. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hayek, LAC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM hayekl@si.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.2113/gsjfr.37.1.33 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 139LR UT WOS:000244433800006 ER PT J AU Jett, JA AF Jett, Jennifer A. TI Recent literature on foraminifera SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Bibliography C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Jett, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.2113/gsjfr.37.1.90 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 139LR UT WOS:000244433800010 ER PT J AU Myers, SH AF Myers, Susan H. TI The Smithsonian Institution and American glass manufacturers, 1886-1896 SO JOURNAL OF GLASS STUDIES LA English DT Article AB In a climate of rapid industrial development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Smithsonian Institution established a Department of Arts and Industries in its United States National Museum, which opened in 1881. A centerpiece of collecting for the new department was the acquisition of contemporary manufactured goods, including American glass. Companies readily provided examples of their current glassware and sometimes also donated items such as tools or photographs in keeping with the museum's interest in creating educational exhibitions for public display. These collections, and the correspondence that accompanies them, offer an important, tightly datable glimpse of American glass and of the museum's concerns of the period. This article discusses the earliest phase of this collecting, between 1886 and 1896, in which the New England Glass Company donated examples of its new "Pomona" glass, three Pittsburgh area glassmakers provided colored, pressed, and cut glass, and the museum acquired 39 examples of Louis Comfort Tiffany's new Favrile glass. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Home & Community Life, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Myers, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Home & Community Life, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM shm141@msn.com NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNING MUSEUM GLASS PI CORNING PA CORNING GLASS CENTER, CORNING, NY 14831 USA SN 0075-4250 J9 J GLASS STUD JI J. Glass Stud. PY 2007 VL 49 BP 207 EP + PG 25 WC Art SC Art GA 215QG UT WOS:000249823500014 ER PT J AU Vollmer, SV Palumbi, SR AF Vollmer, Steven V. Palumbi, Stephen R. TI Restricted gene flow in the Caribbean staghorn coral Acropora cervicomis: Implications for the recovery of endangered reefs SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; BUILDING CORAL; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; SPECIES BOUNDARIES; RYUKYU ARCHIPELAGO; LARVAL DISPERSAL; WESTERN PACIFIC AB Coral reef conservation requires information about the distance over which healthy reefs can rescue damaged reefs through input of coral larvae. This information is desperately needed in the Caribbean where the 2 dominant shallow water corals Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata have suffered unprecedented declines. Here we compare the population genetic structure in the staghorn coral A. cervicornis across the greater Caribbean using DNA sequence data from 1 mitochondrial and 3 nuclear genes. Data from 160 individuals from 22 populations and 9 regions show that A. cervicornis exhibits significant population genetic structure across the greater Caribbean in both the mitochondrial (Phi(st) = 0.130) and nuclear data (Phi(st) = 0.067). The highest population structure was observed in the species' own, native mtDNA haplotypes (Phi(st) = 0.235). Introgressed alleles from A. palmata tempered higher population structure in A. cervicornis over regional scales but in some cases generated highly localized "introgression hot spots" and fine-scale genetic structure among reefs separated by as few as 2 km. These data show that larval dispersal over moderate or long distances (> 500 km) is limited for this threatened species and in some cases locally limited as well. Thus, the endangered Caribbean staghorn corals require local source populations for their recovery and targeted conservation efforts over spatial scales much smaller than the hundreds to thousands of kilometers usually proposed for marine reserves. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Vollmer, SV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 16 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vollmers@si.edu NR 84 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1093/jhered/esl057 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 127KX UT WOS:000243585900005 PM 17158464 ER PT J AU Li, C Wilkerson, RC AF Li, Cong Wilkerson, Richard C. TI Intragenomic rDNA ITS2 variation in the neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis complex (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER-2; MALARIA VECTOR; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NUNEZTOVARI DIPTERA; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; SPECIES DIPTERA; DNA; MOSQUITOS AB We cloned and sequenced the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of 4 species belonging to the neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis complex, that is, A. albitarsis; A. albitarsis B; Anopheles marajoara, a proven malaria vector; and Anopheles deaneorum, a suspected vector. Even though the ITS2 sequences of these species were very similar (<= 1.17% divergence), we found differences suitable for species identification and intragenomic variation of possible consequence in phylogenetic reconstruction. Variation came from 2 microsatellite regions and a number of indels and base substitutions. The existence of partially correlated subsets of clones in A. albitarsis is hypothesized either to be separate rDNA loci or to be semi-independently evolving portions of a single rDNA locus. No differences were found between males and females, suggesting that similar rDNA arrays exist on both the X and Y chromosomes. In addition, highly variant clones, possibly pseudogenes, were found in A. marajoara from Venezuela. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wilkerson, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM wilkersonr@si.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI R0154139] NR 54 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1093/jhered/esl037 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 127KX UT WOS:000243585900006 PM 17158469 ER PT J AU Javonillo, R Burns, JR Weitzman, SH AF Javonillo, Robert Burns, John R. Weitzman, Stanley H. TI Reproductive morphology of Brittanichthys axelrodi (Teleostei : Characidae), a miniature inseminating fish from South America SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Characidae; spermatozoa; spermatozeugmata; sperm ultrastructure; reproduction ID MIMAGONIATES-BARBERI TELEOSTEI; CILIARY ROOTLET; GLANDULOCAUDINAE; TESTIS; SPERMATOZEUGMATA; SPERMATOGENESIS; SPERMIOGENESIS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CHEIRODONTINAE; FERTILIZATION AB Light and electron microscopy were used to investigate the morphology of reproductive characters in a characid fish, Brittanichthys axelrodi. Spermatozoa were found in ovaries of females, thereby confirming insemination in this species. Bony hooks can be found on the fourth unbranched ray and branched rays 1-4 of the anal fin and the unique sigmoidally-curved ray of the caudal fin in mature males. Testes have three distinct regions: an anterior spermatogenic region, an aspermatogenic middle region lined with a simple squamous epithelium and used for storage of mature spermatozoa, and a posterior region of coiled chambers lined with a high simple cuboidal epithelium. The most posterior region appears to be instrumental in the formation and storage of spermatozeugmata, unencapsulated sperm packets. Thus far, this tripartite testis morphology is unique among characids. The mature spermatozoon has an elongate nucleus (similar to 5 mu m in length). A striated rootlet originates at the anterior end of the distal centriole and continues to the anterior tip of the cell. The striated rootlet wraps around the entire ventral area of the anterior part of the nucleus and appears to continue around the anterior tip of the nucleus and down the dorsal side as electron-dense material. Several large, spherical mitochondria (similar to 0.6 mu m in diameter) with lamellar cristae overlap the posterior end of the nucleus and continue beyond together with the cytoplasmic collar that contains the flagellum which lacks axonemal fins. Each spermatozeugma is lanceolate in shape when sectioned mid-sagitally, with the core staining positively for mucopolysaccharides. In both sexes, the gonopore opens posterior to the anus, with the urinary pore having a separate opening posterior to the gonopore. Bands of skeletal muscle were found in the area of the male gonopore. These morphological features are likely linked to the reproductive mode of insemination, a trait that is so far as known, relatively rare among teleost fishes, but is proving increasingly frequent among certain groups of characid fishes. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Javonillo, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lisner Hall 340,2023 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM rjavonil@gwu.edu NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 268 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1002/jmor.10500 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 123BU UT WOS:000243272100003 PM 17146774 ER PT J AU Moreno, K Carrano, MT Snyder, R AF Moreno, Karen Carrano, Matthew T. Snyder, Rebecca TI Morphological changes in pedal phalanges through ornithopod dinosaur evolution: A biomechanical approach SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; functional morphology; kinematics; foot; finite element analysis; trabecular structure; stress distribution ID NON-AVIAN DINOSAURS; TRABECULAR ARCHITECTURE; LIMB POSTURE; MAMMALS; LOCOMOTION; BIRDS; MASS; MECHANICS; PATTERNS; STRAINS AB The evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs provides a well-documented example of the transition from digitigrady to subunguligrady. During this transition, the ornithopod pes was drastically altered from the plesiomorphic dinosaurian morphology (four digits, claw-shaped unguals, strongly concavo-convex joints, phalanges longer than wide, excavated collateral ligament fossae, presence of sagittal ridge, and prominent processes for the attachment of tendons) to a more derived condition (tridactyly, modification of the unguals into hooves, phalanges wider and thinner than long, lack of collateral ligament fossae, loss of sagittal ridge and tendon attachment processes, relatively flattened articular surfaces). These changes are particularly noteworthy given the overall conservatism in pedal morphology seen across Dinosauria. But what are the ftinctional consequences of these specific morphological transitions? To study them, we examine a wide range of pedal morphologies in four non-avian dinosaurs and two birds. Our analyses of the external morphology, two-dimensional models (using Finite Element Analysis), and internal bone structure demonstrate that this evolutionary shift was accompanied by a loss of digit mobility and flexibility. In addition, pedal posture was modified to better align the pes with the main direction of the ground reaction force, thus becoming well suited to support high loads. These conclusions can be applied to other, parallel evolutionary changes (in both dinosaurs and mammals) that involved similar transitions to a subunguligrade posture. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Appl Morphometr Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Moreno, K (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Biol Bldg D26,Room 558, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM dinohuella@yahoo.com RI Moreno, Karen/B-6127-2009; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Moreno, Karen/0000-0002-5949-133X; Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 268 IS 1 BP 50 EP 63 DI 10.1002/jmor.10498 PG 14 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 123BU UT WOS:000243272100005 PM 17146773 ER PT J AU Kandlikar, M Ramachandran, G Maynard, A Murdock, B Toscano, WA AF Kandlikar, Milind Ramachandran, Gurumurthy Maynard, Andrew Murdock, Barbara Toscano, William A. TI Health risk assessment for nanoparticles: A case for using expert judgment SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE nanoparticle health risks; deep uncertainty; parametric uncertainty; model uncertainty; probabilistic expert judgment; degree of expert consensus; occupational health ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLE DEPOSITION; POORLY SOLUBLE PARTICLES; DAILY MORTALITY; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; SURFACE-AREA; LUNG INJURY; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; CARBON-BLACK; TRANSITION-METALS AB Uncertainties in conventional quantitative risk assessment typically relate to values of parameters in risk models. For many environmental contaminants, there is a lack of sufficient information about multiple components of the risk assessment framework. In such cases, the use of default assumptions and extrapolations to fill in the data gaps is a common practice. Nanoparticle risks, however, pose a new form of risk assessment challenge. Besides a lack of data, there is deep scientific uncertainty regarding every aspect of the risk assessment framework: (a) particle characteristics that may affect toxicity; (b) their fate and transport through the environment; (c) the routes of exposure and the metrics by which exposure ought to be measured; (d) the mechanisms of translocation to different parts of the body; and (e) the mechanisms of toxicity and disease. In each of these areas, there are multiple and competing models and hypotheses. These are not merely parametric uncertainties but uncertainties about the choice of the causal mechanisms themselves and the proper model variables to be used, i.e., structural uncertainties. While these uncertainties exist for PM2.5 as well, risk assessment for PM2.5 has avoided dealing with these issues because of a plethora of epidemiological studies. However, such studies don't exist for the case of nanoparticles. Even if such studies are done in the future, they will be very specific to a particular type of engineered nanoparticle and not generalizable to other nanoparticles. Therefore, risk assessment for nanoparticles will have to deal with the various uncertainties that were avoided in the case of PM2.5. Consequently, uncertainties in estimating risks due to nanoparticle exposures may be characterized as 'extreme'. This paper proposes a methodology by which risk analysts can cope with such extreme uncertainty. One way to make these problems analytically tractable is to use expert judgment approaches to study the degree of consensus and/or disagreement between experts on different parts of the exposure-response paradigm. This can be done by eliciting judgments from a wide range of experts on different parts of the risk causal chain. We also use examples to illustrate how studying expert consensus/disagreement helps in research prioritization and budget allocation exercises. The expert elicitation can be repeated over the course of several years, over which time, the state of scientific knowledge will also improve and uncertainties may possibly reduce. Results from expert the elicitation exercise can be used by risk managers or managers of funding agencies as a tool for research prioritization. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ British Columbia, Inst Resource Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ramachandran, G (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM ramac002@umn.edu RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 119 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 137 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s11051-006-9154-x PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 121XG UT WOS:000243189700014 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta : Hymenoptera : Cynipoidea) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Koinobiont; morphology; parasitoid ID ANACHARIS-MELANONEURA HYMENOPTERA; LARVAL-PUPAL PARASITOIDS; DUNG-BREEDING DIPTERA; FACE FLY; HORN FLY; FORSTER HYMENOPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; MUSCA-AUTUMNALIS; COSTA-RICA; EUCOILIDAE AB The presence of the ovipositor clip is surveyed throughout Figitidae. This morphological structure is postulated to restrain the parasitoid host during oviposition. All Figitinae and Eucoilinae that attack semi-concealed dipterous hosts were found to possess the clip. Figitids that attack fully concealed hosts all lacked the ovipositor clip. It is hypothesized here that two subfamilies, the Anacharitinae and Aspicerinae, attack fully exposed hosts yet lack the clip in order to quickly oviposit and prevent fighting with the host. Mapping of the presence/absence of the ovipositor clip on to two competing phylogenies suggests this structure evolved in parallel in Figitinae and Eucoilinae. The evolution of the ovipositor clip is probably responsible for the successful colonization of semi- concealed dipterous larvae by Eucoilinae. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian NMNH, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 33-36 BP 2267 EP 2282 DI 10.1080/00222930701579732 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 223RC UT WOS:000250389000005 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA Reitz, JM Collin, R AF Baeza, Juan Antonio Reitz, Jennifer M. Collin, Rachel TI Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism and sex ratio in Lysmata nayaritensis Wicksten, 2000 (Decapoda : Caridea) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Caridea; Decapoda; Lysmata; protandry; sex allocation; sex change; simultaneous hermaphroditism ID MARINE SHRIMP; SYSTEM; HIPPOLYTIDAE; ALLOCATION; EVOLUTION AB Caridean shrimps display a wide variety of sexual systems, including the newly discovered protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism. Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism is known only from seven species of Lysmata, and it is not clear if this condition is fixed within the genus or if Lysmata includes species that are simply protandric or gonochoric (with separate sexes). This study uses anatomical data, aquarium experiments, and field observations to demonstrate that Lysmata nayaritensis is another protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite. It is shown that, despite occurring in the tropics, this species fits into the "crowd'' species category, with high densities in the field and that the field sex ratio is highly male-biased. Information on the sex allocation and sexual system of more species needs to be examined before these observations can be put into a comparative context within the genus. C1 [Baeza, Juan Antonio; Reitz, Jennifer M.; Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Baeza, Juan Antonio] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Reitz, Jennifer M.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM baezaa@si.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010; OI Collin, Rachel/0000-0001-5103-4460; Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 45-48 BP 2843 EP 2850 DI 10.1080/00222930701770778 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247EI UT WOS:000252059700005 ER PT J AU Matthew, S Ross, C Rocca, JR Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Matthew, Susan Ross, Cliff Rocca, James R. Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Lyngbyastatin 4, a dolastatin 13 analogue with elastase and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; OSCILLATORIA-AGARDHII; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SCYPTOLIN-A; OSCILLAPEPTIN; BLOOM AB Lyngbyastatin 4 (1), a new depsipeptide containing the unusual amino acid homotyrosine and a 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (Ahp) residue, was isolated from a collection of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides off the Florida Atlantic coast. Its gross structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy, and the configurations of asymmetric centers were assigned after chiral HPLC analysis of hydrolysis products. Lyngbyastatin 4 1) is an analogue of the sea hare isolate dolastatin 13 and several marine cyanobacterial metabolites, further supporting the notion that many of the dolastatins are of cyanobacterial origin. Lyngbyastatin 4 (1) selectively inhibits elastase and chymotrypsin in vitro over other serine proteases with IC50 values of 0.03 and 0.30 mu M, respectively. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd,Smithsonian Marine Stn,701 Seaw, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu RI Matthew, Susan/E-3817-2012; Ross, Cliff/B-8291-2011 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1021/np060471k PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 129MZ UT WOS:000243734900026 PM 17253864 ER PT J AU Lokvam, J Clausen, TP Grapov, D Coley, PD Kursar, TA AF Lokvam, John Clausen, Thomas P. Grapov, Dmitry Coley, Phyllis D. Kursar, Thomas A. TI Galloyl depsides of tyrosine from young leaves of Inga laurina SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article AB In addition to the free protein amino acid L-tyrosine, the expanding young leaves of Inga laurina accumulate high concentrations of three new depsides, galloyl, m-digalloyl, and m-trigalloyl L-tyrosine (1, 2, and 3). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic properties and through degradation and derivatization experiments. They occur in young leaves at the following dry-weight mass percentages: tyrosine, 10.4%; 1, 3.1%; 2, 5.0%; 3, 1.3%. These concentrations are most consistent with chemical defense during the vulnerable expansion stage of leaf development. Neither free tyrosine nor its galloyl depsides are present in mature leaves. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, U0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Lokvam, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM lokvam@biology.utah.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.1021/np060491m PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 129MZ UT WOS:000243734900029 PM 17253867 ER PT J AU Cheetham, AH Sanner, J Jackson, JBC AF Cheetham, Alan H. Sanner, Joann Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI Metrarabdotos and related genera (Bryozoa : Cheilostomata) in the late Paleogene and Neogene of tropical America SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; STRATIGRAPHIC RANGES; ARBORESCENT ANIMALS; TEMPO; MORPHOLOGY; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; SPECIATION; SELECTION AB Metrarabdotos Canu, 1914 and the related genera Escharoides Milne Edwards, 1836b, Adeonellopsis MacGillivray, 1886, and Reptadeonella Busk, 1884 were key taxa in the decline of Bryozoa with erect, arborescent colonies and concomitant increase in numbers of species with encrusting colonies in the late Paleogene and Neogene of tropical America. In particular, the abundance, continuity of occurrence, and diversity of Metrarabdotos before its decline have made this genus, over the past 20 years, a model taxon for detailed morphometric studies of fine-scale evolutionary tempo and mode. During the same period, significant new occurrences of both Metrarabdotos and its near relatives have been documented with detailed collections from tropical American areas not represented in the original studies. In this paper we present a complete reanalysis of the original morphometric data (Cheetham, 1986a), incorporating the new tropical American material and comparative material of selected Metrarabdotos species from Europe and Africa in order to formalize the taxonomy of the genus, many species of which have been in open nomenclature since 1986, and to explore their possible phylogenetic relationships to each other and to Escharoides, Adeonellopsis, and Reptadeonella. The new analysis, with procedures slightly modified from those used in the original analysis, is based on more than twice the number of specimens and 20% more morphological characters. Although the results include changes in species assignments for 13% of the specimens in the original analysis, the pattern of intraspecific morphological stasis previously identified in the tropical American Neogene species, and thus the concomitant interpretation of evolutionary tempo and mode, are unaltered. Cladistic analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree for the 22 tropical American Metrarabdotos species, arranged in two monophyletic crown groups and a paraphyletic stem group. The stem group, ranging from latest Eocene to late Early or early Middle Miocene in age, includes four species, two of which are new: M. aguilerai from Venezuela and M. hispaniolae from the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Crown group A comprises seven species occurring in deposits of Late Miocene to Recent age, four of which are new: M. arawakorum from Venezuela; M. boldi and M. saundersi from the Dominican Republic; and M. coatesi, which occurs in the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, and Panama. Crown group B, comprising I I species, ranges from Early Miocene to Recent and includes five new species: M. cubaguaense from Venezuela; M. vokesorum from the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, and Panama: and M. tainorum, M. jungi, and M. lopezense from the Dominican Republic. Incorporation of six European and African (eastern Atlantic) species, ranging in age from Early Miocene to Recent, into cladograms with the tropical American species produced more variable results in terms of both numbers of alternative trees and the positions of the tropical American species in them. One of these species, M. thomseni from the Pleistocene of Greece, and possibly a second, M. cf. M. maleckii Cheetham, 1968 from the Miocene of the Czech Republic, are new. With one exception, the eastern Atlantic species were placed in more or less basal positions in one or the other of the crown groups, suggesting that, as hypothesized by Cheetham (1968), the "Old World" and "New World" species of Metrarabdotos represent largely independent radiations. The exception is the living species M. cookae Cheetham, 1968, from West Africa and the Cape Verde Islands, which is placed unequivocally in a terminal position in crown group B. Although the three groups of tropical American species correspond in part to subgenera of Metrarabdotos erected by Cheetham (1968), the paraphyly of the stem group and the unresolved identity of the type species of the subgenus apparently corresponding to crown group A suggest that formalizing the taxonomy of these groups is unwarranted at present. A further cladistic analysis, incorporating the three groups of Metrarabdotos species and Escharoides, Adeonellopsis, and Reptadeonella, yielded two trees, both of which support Cheetham's (1968) hypothesis that Metrarabdotos is more closely related to Escharoides than to Adeonellopsis and Reptadeonella. Escharoides is represented in tropical American Neogene deposits by two species, one of which, E. guraboensis from the Dominican Republic, is new. Of the six tropical American Neogene species of Adeonellopsis, four are new: A. cribrospiramen and A. guraboensis from the Dominican Republic, A. limonensis from Costa Rica, and A. antilleana from Cuba and Jamaica. Three of the six tropical American Neogene species of Reptadeonella, R. buddae from the Dominican Republic, R. collinsae from the Dominican Republic, Panama, Costa Rica, and the southeastern United States, and R. buricaensis from Panama, are also new. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Ecol & Archeol, Balboa, Panama. RP Cheetham, AH (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC USA. EM cheetham@si.edu; sannerj@si.edu; jbcj@ucsd.edu NR 143 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1 SU S BP 1 EP 96 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[1:MARGBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 96 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 129KE UT WOS:000243727600001 ER PT J AU Stark, G Yoshino, K Smith, PL Ito, K AF Stark, G. Yoshino, K. Smith, P. L. Ito, K. TI Photoabsorption cross section measurements of CO2 between 106.1 and 118.7 nm at 295 and 195 K SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet photoabsorption cross sections; planetary atmospheres ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; EXCITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERE; RYDBERG; IONIZATION; EXCITATION; VALENCE AB High-resolution vacuum ultraviolet carbon dioxide photoabsorption cross sections are required for modeling airglow emissions from the Martian and Venusian atmospheres and for photochemical models of those atmospheres. We report cross section measurements on CO2 at 295 and 195 K between 106.1 and 118.7 nm at a spectral resolution of 0.005 nm. Significant deviations from the results of previous, lower-resolution measurements are apparent, particularly in regions of sharp spectral structure. Temperature dependence in the photoabsorption cross sections is evident throughout the region, being especially pronounced at wavelengths greater than 113 nm. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wellesley Coll, Dept Phys, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Photon Factory, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Stark, G (reprint author), Wellesley Coll, Dept Phys, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. EM gstark@wellesley.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.07.001 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 108KV UT WOS:000242239600006 ER PT J AU Dove, CJ Rijke, AM Wang, XF Andrews, LS AF Dove, Carla J. Rijke, Arie M. Wang, Xuefeng Andrews, Lester S. TI Infrared analysis of contour feathers - The conservation of body heat radiation in birds SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared spectra; feather ultrastructure; birds; body heat conservation and radiation; thermal regulation; Christiansen effect ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; IDENTIFICATION AB 1. We examined infrared absorption spectra in contour feathers of 10 species of birds to compare infrared features of the downy and pennaceous regions with the mechanisms of conservation of body heat radiation. 2. At 1700cm(-1) a sharp increase in transmittance was observed for downy parts, but not for the distal pennaceous regions. 3. The transmittance peak for down may be significant in the conservation of radiation heat: the 1700 cm(-1) radiation transmitted by the down is scattered and reflected by the pennaceous region of the contour feather, thereby containing the heat radiation within the feather coat. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Dove, CJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, NHB E-600,MRC 116,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dovec@si.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2006.07.005 PG 5 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 128LV UT WOS:000243660100006 ER PT J AU Wells, K Smales, LR Kalko, EKV Pfeiffer, M AF Wells, Konstans Smales, Lesley R. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Pfeiffer, Martin TI Impact of rain-forest logging on helminth assemblages in small mammals (Muridae, Tupaiidae) from Borneo SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host-parasite interactions; infection risk; helminths; parasite diversity; logging; small mammals ID PARASITE SPECIES RICHNESS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; TREE DIVERSITY; SEED PREDATION; BODY-MASS; COMMUNITIES; POPULATION; NEMATODES; DYNAMICS; DISEASE AB Parasites are ubiquitous in wild animals, with host-specific life histories considered its major determinants of prevalence and parasite assemblage patterns. It is predicted that habitat differences in logged rain forests influence population performances of small mammals and consequently May change the infection patterns of local animal populations with regard to endo- and ectoparasites. We investigated patterns of helminth species assemblages (Nematoda, Platyhelminthes) in two rat species (Leopoldamys sabanus. Niviveuter cremoriventer) and two tree shrew species (Tupaia tana, T. longipes) in three logged and three unlogged rain forests in Borneo by examining 337 faecal samples with non-invasive faecal egg count (FEC). Nematode eggs prevailed in 95%, of all samples with Up to five (mean 1.9 +/- 1.1) morphotypes. Whereas members of Strongylida were most prevalent in L. sabanus, T. tana and T. longipes, Spirurida dominated in N. cremoriventer that revealed at the same time the lowest average nematode prevalence and FEC. Cestode eggs were only found in L. sabanus and T. tana. Composition and abundance patterns of the parasitic helminth assemblages were influenced by logging. As hypothesized, species richness of nematode morphotypes and mean number of infections per host off. longipes were larger in logged than ill unlogged forest. In contrast. L. sabanus was more heavily infected with cestodes in unlogged than in logged forest and also revealed larger egg counts for strongylids and spirurids in unlogged forest. Our results Suggest that forest degradation and altered environmental conditions influence helminth diversity and infection patterns of small mammals with contrasting trends among host species. The inconsistent logging-induced changes in helminth assemblages from different hosts indicate that specific sets of habitat-host-parasite interactions are uniquely influenced by the effects of logging. Consequently, predictions oil changes of parasite diversity and prevalence with regard to habitat disturbance need to be based on the individual life histories of the hosts (and the parasites). C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Cent Queensland Univ, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Wells, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM konstans.wells@uni-ulm.de RI Wells, Konstans/A-7232-2010; Pfeiffer, Martin/A-6989-2012 OI Wells, Konstans/0000-0003-0377-2463; NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1017/S0266467406003804 PN 1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135OE UT WOS:000244162100004 ER PT J AU Henneken, EA Kurtz, MJ Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Thompson, D Bohlen, E Murray, SS AF Henneken, Edwin A. Kurtz, Michael J. Eichhorn, Guenther Accomazzi, Alberto Grant, Carolyn S. Thompson, Donna Bohlen, Elizabeth Murray, Stephen S. TI E-prints and journal articles in astronomy: a productive co-existence SO LEARNED PUBLISHING LA English DT Article AB Are the e-prints (electronic preprints) from the arXiv repository being used instead of journal articles? We show that the e-prints have not undermined the usage of journal papers from the four core journals in astrophysics. As soon as the journal article is published, the astronomical community prefers to read it and the use of e-prints through the NASA Astrophysics Data System drops to zero. This suggests that most astronomers have access to institutional subscriptions and that they choose to read the journal article. In other words, the e-prints have not undermined journal use in this community and thus currently do not pose a financial threat to publishers. Furthermore, we show that the half-life (the point at which the use of an article drops to half the use of a newly published article) for an e-print is shorter than for a journal paper. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Informat Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Henneken, EA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; Henneken, Edwin/F-9475-2010; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; Warner, Simeon/E-2423-2011; OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; Warner, Simeon/0000-0002-7970-7855; Henneken, Edwin/0000-0003-4264-2450; Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC LEARNED PROFESSIONAL SOC PUBL PI W SUSSEX PA SOUTH HOUSE, THE STREET WORTHING, W SUSSEX BN13 3UU, ENGLAND SN 0953-1513 J9 LEARN PUBL JI Learn. Publ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 16 EP + DI 10.1087/095315107779490661 PG 6 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 140MT UT WOS:000244510100004 ER PT B AU Huchra, JP AF Huchra, John P. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI Keynote address: Science libraries in the information age SO Library and Information Services in Astronomy V: Common Challenges, Uncommon Solutions SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB The invention of the printing press transformed the world, especially science and education. Today we are witnessing a similar transformation driven by electronic detection, computers and the internet. Where the Gutenberg transformation greatly enabled libraries, the silicon transformation requires libraries to change. The scientific community has new needs and libraries must have new roles in meeting those needs. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800001 ER PT B AU Kurtz, MJ Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, C Henneken, E Thompson, D Bohlen, E Murray, SS AF Kurtz, Michael J. Eichhorn, Guenther Accomazzi, Alberto Grant, Carolyn Henneken, Edwin Thompson, Donna Bohlen, Elizabeth Murray, Stephen S. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI The future of technical libraries SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY V: COMMON CHALLENGES, UNCOMMON SOLUTIONS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB Technical libraries are currently experiencing very rapid change. In the near future their mission will change, their physical nature will change, and the skills of their employees will change. While some will riot be able to make these changes, and will fail, others will lead us into a new era. C1 [Kurtz, Michael J.; Eichhorn, Guenther; Accomazzi, Alberto; Grant, Carolyn; Henneken, Edwin; Thompson, Donna; Bohlen, Elizabeth; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kurtz, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; Accomazzi, Alberto/0000-0002-4110-3511 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 23 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800003 ER PT B AU Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Henneken, EA Thompson, DM Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS AF Eichhorn, Gunther Accomazzi, Alberto Grant, Carolyn S. Henneken, Edwin A. Thompson, Donna M. Kurtz, Michael J. Murray, Stephen S. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI Connectivity in the astronomy digital library SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY V: COMMON CHALLENGES, UNCOMMON SOLUTIONS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA ID ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM; DATABASE AB The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) provides an extensive system of links between the literature and other on-line information. Recently, the journals of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) and a group of NASA data centers have collaborated to provide more links between on-line data obtained by space missions and the on-line journals. Authors can now specify which data sets they have used in their article. This information is used by the participants to provide the links between the literature and the data. C1 [Eichhorn, Gunther; Accomazzi, Alberto; Grant, Carolyn S.; Henneken, Edwin A.; Thompson, Donna M.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Garden St 60, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eichhorn, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Garden St 60, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; FU NASA [NNG06GG68G] FX The ADS is funded by NASA Grant NNG06GG68G. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 36 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800006 ER PT B AU Accomazzi, A Eichhorn, G Kurtz, MJ Grant, CS Henneken, E Demleitner, M Thompson, D Bohlen, E Murray, SS AF Accomazzi, Alberto Eichhorn, Guenther Kurtz, Michael J. Grant, Carolyn S. Henneken, Edwin Demleitner, Markus Thompson, Donna Bohlen, Elizabeth Murray, Stephen S. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI Creation and use of citations in the ADS SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY V: COMMON CHALLENGES, UNCOMMON SOLUTIONS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB With over 20 million records, the ADS citation database is regularly used by researchers and librarians to measure the scientific impact of individuals, groups, and institutions. In addition to the traditional sources of citations, the ADS has recently added references extracted from the arXiv e-prints on a nightly basis. We review the procedures used to harvest and identify the reference data used in the creation of citations, the policies and procedures that we follow to avoid double-counting and to eliminate contributions which may not be scholarly in nature. Finally, we describe how users and institutions can easily obtain quantitative citation data from the ADS, both interactively and via web-based programming tools. C1 [Accomazzi, Alberto; Eichhorn, Guenther; Kurtz, Michael J.; Grant, Carolyn S.; Henneken, Edwin; Demleitner, Markus; Thompson, Donna; Bohlen, Elizabeth; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Garden St 60, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Accomazzi, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Garden St 60, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; FU NASA [NNG06GG68G] FX The ADS is funded by NASA Grant NNG06GG68G. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 69 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800012 ER PT B AU Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Henneken, EA Thompson, DM Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS AF Eichhorn, Guenther Accomazzi, Alberto Grant, Carolyn S. Henneken, Edwin A. Thompson, Donna M. Kurtz, Michael J. Murray, Stephen S. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI Full text searching in the Astrophysics Data System SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY V: COMMON CHALLENGES, UNCOMMON SOLUTIONS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB The Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) provides a search system for the astronomy and physics scholarly literature. All major and many smaller astronomy journals that were published on paper have been scanned back to volume 1 and are available through the ADS free of charge. All scanned pages have been converted to text and can be searched through the ADS Full Text Search System. In addition, searches can be fanned out to several external search systems to include the literature published in electronic form. Results from the different search systems are combined into one results list. C1 [Eichhorn, Guenther; Accomazzi, Alberto; Grant, Carolyn S.; Henneken, Edwin A.; Thompson, Donna M.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eichhorn, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; FU NASA [NNG06GG68G] FX The ADS is funded by NASA Grant NNG06GG68G. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 93 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800015 ER PT B AU Grant, CS Accomazzi, A Thompson, D Henneken, E Eichhorn, G Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS AF Grant, Carolyn S. Accomazzi, Alberto Thompson, Donna Henneken, Edwin Eichhorn, Guenther Kurtz, Michael J. Murray, Stephen S. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI Data in the ADS - Understanding how to use it better SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY V: COMMON CHALLENGES, UNCOMMON SOLUTIONS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB The Smithsonian/NASA ADS Abstract Service contains a wealth of data for astronomers and librarians alike, yet the vast majority of usage consists of rudimentary searches. Hints on how to obtain more focused search results by using more of the various capabilities of the ADS are presented, including searching by affiliation. We also discuss the classification of articles by content and by referee status. C1 [Grant, Carolyn S.; Accomazzi, Alberto; Thompson, Donna; Henneken, Edwin; Eichhorn, Guenther; Kurtz, Michael J.; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grant, CS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 97 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800016 ER PT B AU Thompson, DM Accomazzi, A Eichhorn, G Grant, C Henneken, E Kurtz, MJ Bohlen, E Murray, SS AF Thompson, Donna M. Accomazzi, Alberto Eichhorn, Guenther Grant, Carolyn Henneken, Edwin Kurtz, Michael J. Bohlen, Elizabeth Murray, Stephen S. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI Paper to screen: Processing historical scans in the ADS SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY V: COMMON CHALLENGES, UNCOMMON SOLUTIONS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB The NASA Astrophysics Data System in conjunction with the Wolbach Library at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is working on a project to microfilm historical observatory publications. The microfilm is then scanned for inclusion in the ADS. The ADS currently contains over 700,000 scanned pages of volumes of historical literature. Many of these volumes lack clear pagination or other bibliographic data that are necessary to take advantage of the searching capabilities of the ADS. This paper will address some of the interesting challenges that needed to be resolved during the processing of the Observatory Reports included in the ADS. C1 [Thompson, Donna M.; Accomazzi, Alberto; Eichhorn, Guenther; Grant, Carolyn; Henneken, Edwin; Kurtz, Michael J.; Bohlen, Elizabeth; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Thompson, DM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; FU NASA [NNG06GG68G] FX The ADS is funded by NASA Grant NNG06GG68G. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 102 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800017 ER PT B AU Henneken, E Kurtz, MJ Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Thompson, D Bohlen, E Murray, SS AF Henneken, E. Kurtz, M. J. Eichhorn, G. Accomazzi, A. Grant, C. S. Thompson, D. Bohlen, E. Murray, S. S. BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI MyADS-arXiv - a tailor-made, open access, virtual journal SO Library and Information Services in Astronomy V: Common Challenges, Uncommon Solutions SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB The myADS-arXiv service provides the scientific community with a one stop shop for staying up-to-date with a researcher's field of interest. The service provides a powerful and unique filter on the enormous amount of bibliographic information added to the ADS on a daily basis. It also provides a complete view of the most relevant papers available in the subscriber's field of interest. With this service, the subscriber will get to know the latest developments, popular trends and the most important papers. This makes the service not only unique from a technical point of view, but also from a content point of view. On this poster we will argue why myADS-arXiv is a tailor-made, open access, virtual journal and we will illustrate its unique character. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800018 ER PT B AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen BE Ricketts, S Birdie, C Isaksson, E TI Gutenberg's gift SO Library and Information Services in Astronomy V: Common Challenges, Uncommon Solutions SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Library and Information Services in Astronomy Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Cambridge, MA AB Printing with movable type provided a great impetus for astronomy, both for preserving observations and for disseminating ideas. For example, Copernicus relied almost entirely on printed sources for the data needed in his De revolutionibus. Cheap textbooks helped bring knowledge of basic astronomy to a widening literate audience, in the university and beyond. Printed ephemerides were a major output from astronomers, and an examination of the accuracy of their positions shows us the gradual improvement in planetary theory. This "show-and-tell talk" was illustrated with books from Prof. Gingerich's personal collection of early astronomy books, including his particularly extensive group of early ephemerides. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-316-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 377 BP 319 EP 328 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU53 UT WOS:000250666800054 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, Sheila TI Past perfect. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Riley, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 132 IS 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 126YK UT WOS:000243551300119 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI The promise of Xrefer SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Libs, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 132 IS 1 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 126YK UT WOS:000243551300356 ER PT J AU Keller, JK Bridgham, SD AF Keller, Jason K. Bridgham, Scott D. TI Pathways of anaerobic carbon cycling across an ombrotrophic-minerotrophic peatland gradient SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID METHANE PRODUCTION; NORTHERN WETLANDS; SULFATE REDUCTION; WATER; ACETATE; SULFUR; BOG; DENITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; SUPPRESSION AB Peatland soils represent globally significant stores of carbon, and understanding carbon cycling pathways in these ecosystems has important implications for global climate change. We measured aceticlastic and autotrophic methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, denitrification, and iron reduction in a bog, an intermediate fen, and a rich fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan for one growing season. In 3-d anaerobic incubations of slurried peat, denitrification and iron reduction were minor components of anaerobic carbon mineralization. Experiments using (14)C-labeled methanogenic substrates showed that methanogenesis in these peatlands was primarily through the aceticlastic pathway, except early in the growing season in more ombrotrophic peatlands, where the autotrophic pathway was dominant or codominant. Overall, methane production was responsible for 3-70% of anaerobic carbon mineralization. Sulfate reduction accounted for 0-26% of anaerobic carbon mineralization, suggesting a rapid turnover of a very small sulfate pool. A large percentage of anaerobic carbon mineralization (from 29% to 85%) was unexplained by any measured process, which could have resulted from fermentation or possibly from the use of organic molecules (e.g., humic acids) as alternative electron acceptors. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Keller, JK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM kellerj@si.edu NR 47 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130JH UT WOS:000243795400010 ER PT J AU Nizinski, MS AF Nizinski, Martha S. TI Predation in subtropical soft-bottom systems: spiny lobster and molluscs in Florida Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE tropics; soft-bottom systems; predation; spiny lobster; community structure; Florida bay ID PANULIRUS-CYGNUS GEORGE; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM MEADOWS; FOOD WEB COMPLEXITY; CORAL-REEF LAGOON; SEAGRASS BEDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; SPECIES DENSITIES; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; PREY INTERACTIONS; ROCK-LOBSTERS AB A 2 yr field experiment conducted in 2 locations in seagrass meadows within Everglades National Park, Florida Bay, tested the hypothesis that variations in physical structure of experimental shelters ('casitas') would affect abundance and composition of the predator guild and, in turn, that these predators would then have measurable and commensurate impacts on the nearby benthic community. Experimental structures (casita frame, mesh-roof casita and full-roof casita) were successful in attracting and aggregating predators as hypothesized, with those structures providing more overhead cover attracting significantly more predators. Although many predators, including the numerically dominant spiny lobster Panulirus argus, preyed heavily on or included molluscs in their diets, no significant impacts of predation by spiny lobsters and finfishes on the abundance and species richness of the molluscan assemblage were observed. Regional differences in prey abundance and richness were significant, yet predator effects were similar between locations. Significant location differences in prey abundances, therefore, did not result from differential impacts of prey consumption by casita-associated predators. Predation effects by spiny lobsters and various species of finfishes in Florida Bay were dispersed over time and space and predation was not the primary structuring mechanism for the gastropod and bivalve assemblages in these seagrass and macroalgal habitats. Measurable differences between prey populations in the 2 study locations probably reflect differences in habitat heterogeneity, spatial and temporal variability in predator and prey abundances and distributions, overall high diversity of benthic prey, and ontogenetic shifts in diet and habitat use by predators, all which tend to buffer predatory impacts. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Syst Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Nizinski, MS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Syst Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, PO Box 37012,NHB,WC 57,MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nizinski@si.edu NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.3354/meps06912 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800016 ER PT J AU Ritson-Williams, R Paul, VJ AF Ritson-Williams, Raphael Paul, Valerie J. TI Marine benthic invertebrates use multimodal cues for defense against reef fish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE fish behavior; multimodal signals; aposematism; Phyllidiidae; predator-prey interactions; coral reef ecology; marine chemical ecology ID WARNING COLORATION; DORID NUDIBRANCHS; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; PREY; SIGNALS; SPONGE; CONSPICUOUSNESS; PLATYHELMINTHES; RECOGNITION; ISOCYANIDES AB The use of bright coloration to warn predators of toxic prey, termed aposematism, is a defensive strategy well studied in terrestrial ecosystems. Some marine animals have contrasting color patterns and chemical defenses but few studies have tested the behavior of marine predators in response to aposematic coloration. In this study we tested fish feeding behavior in response to different types of cues including contrasting color patterns and sponge and nudibranch chemical extracts in the field at 2 reefs on Guam. Using agar-based food to keep food quality consistent, chemical extracts and 2 out of 5 contrasting color patterns reduced feeding by natural assemblages of reef fish at both reefs. Phyllidia varicosa (from Palau), P. elegans (Guam) and Phyllidiella pustulosa (Palau) crude extracts deterred feeding by fish, but P. pustulosa extracts from Guam did not. To determine if a chemical extract can act as an olfactory defense we videotaped fish behavior as they approached food containing nonpolar extracts of Acanthella cavernosa, the dietary sponge of Phyllidiella granulatus. Fish approached and then tasted the food with the chemical extract significantly less often than the control and the crude extract of another sponge Stylissa massa. In feeding assays with a contrasting color pattern combined with the chemical extract at natural concentrations, fish were deterred by the extract regardless of the color pattern. At half natural concentration only the chemical extract and the contrasting color pattern together significantly decreased fish feeding. Reef fish can use multimodal signa Is including visual, taste and olfactory cues to avoid marine benthic invertebrates. C1 Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Ritson-Williams, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM williams@si.edu NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 340 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.3354/meps340029 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 189TN UT WOS:000248011500004 ER PT J AU Zabin, CJ Altieri, AH AF Zabin, Chela J. Altieri, Andrew H. TI A Hawaiian limpet facilitates recruitment of a competitively dominant invasive barnacle SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE impacts of invasion; facilitation; competition; Chthamalus proteus; Siphonaria normalis; barnacle-limpet interactions; biological invasions; intertidal zone ID PACIFIC INTERTIDAL GASTROPODS; ROCKY-SHORE; SIPHONARIA-NORMALIS; PATELLA-VULGATA; SETTLEMENT; ORGANISMS; COMMUNITY; PULMONATA; COAST; SUCCESSION AB At an intertidal site on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, the abundance of the invasive barnacle Chthamalus proteus was negatively correlated with abundance of the native limpet Siphonaria normalis. As the substratum at this site was a conglomerate of materials, we hypothesized that the observed pattern was the result of differences in substratum preferences, and/or negative interactions between the 2 species, or both. We used manipulative field experiments to test these hypotheses, and then generalized our findings with surveys across several sites that differed in substratum type and abundances of barnacles and limpets. The limpet recruited in highest numbers to light-colored substrata. The barnacle settled in highest numbers on rough substrata, with a trend toward higher settlement on dark-colored substrata. Surprisingly, in experimental plots, recruitment of the barnacle was positively correlated with the density of the limpet. In contrast, limpet densities increased in experimental plots from which barnacles had been removed. Thus the pattern at this site appears to result from a combination of substratum preferences and interactions between the 2 species. These experiments and surveys of other intertidal sites on Oahu suggest that (1) limpets and barnacles have little effect on each other at low densities, (2) at higher densities limpets facilitate settlement of barnacles, but barnacles have a negative effect on limpets, and (3) substratum type can mediate the density-dependent interactions between these 2 species by affecting their settlement patterns. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool & Ecol, Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. RP Zabin, CJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool & Ecol, Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmonson Hall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM zabinc@si.edu NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 337 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.3354/meps337175 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 176SL UT WOS:000247105100015 ER PT J AU Fulford, RS Breitburg, DL Newell, RIE Kemp, WM Luckenbach, M AF Fulford, Richard S. Breitburg, Denise L. Newell, Roger I. E. Kemp, W. Michael Luckenbach, Mark TI Effects of oyster population restoration strategies on phytoplankton biomass in Chesapeake Bay: a flexible modeling approach SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE oysters; ecosystem; management; filter-feeding; restoration; estuary ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; WATER-QUALITY; FEEDING BIVALVES; OXYGEN TENSION; NUTRIENT; EUTROPHICATION; ESTUARY; RIVER; USA; PHOSPHORUS AB Cultural eutrophication in estuaries and other coastal systems has increased over the last 50 yr. Some recently proposed strategies to reverse this trend have included the restoration of bivalve suspension feeders as an ecological tool for reducing phytoplankton biomass. The ecological benefits accruing from such bivalve restoration will be dependent on the characteristics of the estuary, as well as how restoration is implemented. We developed a filtration model to estimate the effect of bivalve restoration on the rate of phytoplankton removal over a range of spatial and temporal scales and used it to compare alternate restoration strategies for the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Model results suggested that currently accepted restoration goals for oysters in the bay are unlikely to result in significant bay-wide reductions in phytoplankton biomass. This is partially due to low current biomass targets for oyster restoration, but also important are several spatial and temporal mismatches between oyster and phytoplankton biomass that may limit the ecological benefit of oyster restoration. Our model did predict important increases in phytoplankton removal by oysters at the tributary scale, and this effect was dependent on where oyster restoration was achieved and whether restoration and management plans affected the size distribution of oysters. Our findings suggest that the ecological benefit of restoring bivalve populations are variable, and a comparative model analysis of restoration plans in particular systems can be highly beneficial to maximizing the benefit-to-cost ratio of restoration efforts intended to reduce the negative effects of cultural eutrophication. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Eastern Shore Lab, Wachapreague, VA 23480 USA. RP Fulford, RS (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, POB 7000, Mississippi State, MS 39566 USA. EM richard.fulford@usm.edu RI kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013 NR 64 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 336 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.3354/meps336043 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 174ZB UT WOS:000246980400004 ER PT J AU Craig, MT Eble, JA Bowen, BW Robertson, DR AF Craig, Matthew T. Eble, Jeff A. Bowen, Brian W. Robertson, D. Ross TI High genetic connectivity across the Indian and Pacific Oceans in the reef fish Myripristis berndti (Holocentridae) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE phylogeography; East Pacific Barrier; soldierfish; Indo-Pacific Barrier; Hawaii ID RECENT INVASION; MARINE FISHES; EL-NINO; POPULATION; SEA; SPECIATION; ATLANTIC; LARVAE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION AB To assess patterns of connectivity among populations of an Indo-Pacific reef fish, we surveyed mtDNA of the bigscale soldierfish Myripristis berndti (Holocentridae), which is concentrated on reefs at intermediate depths, but occurs to at least 160 m. Our multi-scale approach included sampling at 11 sites spanning the entire range of the species from the western Indian Ocean to the eastern Pacific, across 240 degrees of longitude (total N = 278), and 9 islands throughout one of the largest and most isolated archipelagos, the Hawaiian Islands (subtotal N = 147). Analysis of cytochrome b sequences demonstrated the following: (1) common haplotypes are shared among all sample localities, (2) there is modest population structure across the entire species range (Phi(st) = 0.211; p < 0.001), (3) there is no structure among the Hawaiian Islands (Phi(st) = 0.0004; p = 0.4107), and (4) there is no structure across the central-west Pacific (Phi(st) = -0.007, p = 0.634). Population separations across the East Pacific Barrier were significant (overall (Phi(st) = 0.278, p < 0.001; pairwise range Phi(st) = 0.107 to 0.424), yet significantly weaker than those across the Indo-Pacific Barrier (overall Phi(st) = 0.583, p < 0.001; pairwise range Phi(st) = 0.329 to 0.810; Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.001). When grouped by major biogeographic province, populations showed no difference within the central-west Pacific (Phi(st) = -0.007, p = 0.634), within the Indian Ocean (Phi(st) = -0.027, p = 0.528), or within the east Pacific (Phi(st) = -0.061, p = 0.920). Mismatch distributions and coalescence analysis indicated a rapid population expansion on the order of similar to 500 000 yr before present (range 300 000 to 10(6) yr depending on mutation rate). Despite having a vast distribution and broad depth range, M. berndti shows the genetic signatures of a population bottleneck and recovery similar to shallow reef specialists that were displaced or extirpated during glacial maxima. Overall, the mtDNA data indicated a dispersal capability in M berndti which far exceeds that of typical reef fishes. While recent genetic studies demonstrate limited larval dispersal in some reef fishes, it is clear that others, including soldierfishes, are extensive dispersers. C1 Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Craig, MT (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, PO 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM mtcraig@hawaii.edu NR 52 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 334 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.3354/meps334245 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 159JN UT WOS:000245862000023 ER PT J AU Miller, AW Ruiz, GM Minton, MS Ambrose, RF AF Miller, A. Whitman Ruiz, Gregory M. Minton, Mark S. Ambrose, Richard F. TI Differentiating successful and failed molluscan invaders in estuarine ecosystems SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE invasion; bivalve; gastropod; mollusc; marine; oyster; vector; risk assessment ID NORTH-AMERICA; LITTORINA-SAXATILIS; INVASIONS; CONSEQUENCES; PATTERNS; PROGRESS; MODELS AB Despite mounting evidence of invasive species'impacts on the environment and society, our ability to predict invasion establishment, spread, and impact are inadequate. Efforts to explain and predict invasion outcomes have been limited primarily to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Invasions are also common in coastal marine ecosystems, yet to date predictive marine invasion models are absent. Here we present a model based on biological attributes associated with invasion success (establishment) of marine molluscs that compares successful and failed invasions from a group of 93 species introduced to San Francisco Bay (SFB) in association with commercial oyster transfers from eastern North America (ca. 1869 to 1940). A multiple logistic regression model correctly classified 83% of successful and 80 % of failed invaders according to their source region abundance at the time of oyster transfers, tolerance of low salinity, and developmental mode. We tested the generality of the SFB invasion model by applying it to 3 coastal locations (2 in North America and 1 in Europe) that received oyster transfers from the same source and during the same time as SFB. The model correctly predicted 100, 75, and 86 % of successful invaders in these locations, indicating that abundance, environmental tolerance (ability to withstand low salinity), and developmental mode not only explain patterns of invasion success in SFB, but more importantly, predict invasion success in geographically disparate marine ecosystems. Finally, we demonstrate that the proportion of marine molluscs that succeeded in the latter stages of invasion (i.e. that establish self-sustaining populations, spread and become pests) is much greater than has been previously predicted or shown for other animals and plants. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Miller, AW (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM millerw@si.edu OI Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Minton, Mark/0000-0002-9439-4930; Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X NR 46 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 332 BP 41 EP 51 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 154XU UT WOS:000245542400004 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Kato, M Ikeya, N Seto, K AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Kato, Masako Ikeya, Noriyuki Seto, Koji TI Modern benthic ostracodes from Lutzow-Holm, Bay, East Antarctica: paleoceanographic, paleobiogeographic, and evolutionary significance SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BUENOS-AIRES PROVINCE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEDIMENT CORES; BAHIA BLANCA; ROSS-ISLAND; SANTA-CRUZ; DEEP-SEA; ARGENTINA; HOLOCENE; PALEOENVIRONMENTS AB Seventy-three ostracode species from 38 genera were recovered from the 55 surface sediment samples in Lutzow-Holm Bay, northeastern Antarctica. We investigated bathymetric and geographic distributions of modern benthic ostracode species in the bay and compared this fauna with published modern and fossil ostracode data of Antarctic and southern South American regions. The results show: (1) Four biotopes and three sub-biotopes are recognized based on Q-mode cluster analysis, which suggest distributions of modem ostracodes are mainly controlled by water-mass structure, ice scouring, and light availability. (2) Comparison between the Lutow-Holm Bay fauna and other ostracode faunas from Antarctica and southern South America shows high endemism and homogeneity of Antarctic ostracode fauna, suggesting in situ evolution of most extant Antarctic species. (3) Most species are endemic to the Antarctica, a few species also inhabit South American waters. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kato, Masako; Ikeya, Noriyuki] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Geosci, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. [Seto, Koji] Shimane Univ, Res Ctr Coastal Lagoon Environm, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 NR 105 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 469 EP 496 PG 28 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 281LF UT WOS:000254498100004 ER PT J AU Fiorini, F Scott, DB Wach, GD AF Fiorini, Flavia Scott, David B. Wach, Grant D. TI Thecamoebians from the early cretaceous of the Scotian Shelf SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGGLUTINATED FORAMINIFERA AB This study reports and describes fossil thecamoebians from early Cretaceous deposits of Cohasset A-52 well located on the Scotian Shelf. In this paper we illustrate and discuss fossil thecamoebians to provide additional data to the few published reports on this fossil group. The identified taxa are attributed to the genera Cucurbitella, D Difflugia and Heleopera, showing a strong similarity with recent thecamoebians. Several other forms with an uncertain generic characterization are are described. C1 [Fiorini, Flavia; Scott, David B.; Wach, Grant D.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Fiorini, Flavia] CTPA, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Fiorini, F (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM flavia.fiorini@dal.ca NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 281LF UT WOS:000254498100006 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Kharchenko, V Dalgarno, A AF Zhang, P. Kharchenko, V. Dalgarno, A. TI Thermalization of suprathermal N(S-4) atoms in He and Ar gases SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermalization; Boltzmann kernel; elastic scattering ID FAST NITROGEN-ATOMS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; LINEAR-RESPONSE THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; O(D-1) ATOMS; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; VELOCITY RELAXATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB The potential energies of nitrogen atoms interacting with helium and argon atoms are determined and the rates of thermalization of initially energetic nitrogen atoms traversing bath gases of helium and argon atoms are obtained. The C-6 dispersion coefficients are determined to be 5.79 a.u. for N-He and 39.42 a.u. for N-Ar. Quantum mechanical calculations of the differential scattering cross-sections are carried out and used to find solutions to the kinetic Boltzmann equations. The rates of thermalization are compared with experiments on the translational energy relaxation of nitrogen atoms produced by the photolysis of NO2. The accuracy of the hard sphere approximation in interpreting the data is explored, and found to be satisfactory with hard sphere cross-sections of 1.50 x 10(-15) cm(2) for helium and 1.98 x 10(-15) cm(2) for argon. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 105 IS 11-12 BP 1487 EP 1496 DI 10.1080/00268970701210008 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 215AV UT WOS:000249780600003 ER PT J AU Evans, A Kerr, T Yang, B Matsuoka, Y Tsuzuki, Y Bode, MF Eyres, SPS Geballe, TR Woodward, CE Gehrz, RD Lynch, DK Rudy, RJ Russell, RW O'Brien, TJ Starrfield, SG Davis, RJ Ness, JU Drake, J Osborne, JP Page, KL Adamson, A Schwarz, G Krautter, J AF Evans, A. Kerr, T. Yang, Bin Matsuoka, Y. Tsuzuki, Y. Bode, M. F. Eyres, S. P. S. Geballe, T. R. Woodward, C. E. Gehrz, R. D. Lynch, D. K. Rudy, R. J. Russell, R. W. O'Brien, T. J. Starrfield, S. G. Davis, R. J. Ness, J. -U. Drake, J. Osborne, J. P. Page, K. L. Adamson, A. Schwarz, G. Krautter, J. TI Infrared observations of the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi: the early phase SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : symbiotic; stars : individual; RS Ophiuchi; novae, cataclysmic variables; infrared : stars ID SYMBIOTIC STARS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present infrared spectroscopy of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, obtained 11.81, 20.75 and 55.71 d following its 2006 eruption. The spectra are dominated by hydrogen recombination lines, together with He I, O-I and O-II lines; the electron temperature of similar to 10(4) K implied by the recombination spectrum suggests that we are seeing primarily the wind of the red giant, ionized by the ultraviolet flash when RS Oph erupted. However, strong coronal emission lines (i.e. emission from fine structure transitions in ions having high ionization potential) are present in the last spectrum. These imply a temperature of 930 000 K for the coronal gas; this is in line with X-ray observations of the 2006 eruption. The emission linewidths decrease with time in a way that is consistent with the shock model for the X-ray emission. C1 Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Evans, A (reprint author), Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. EM ae@astro.keele.ac.uk OI adamson, andrew/0000-0003-1120-5178 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 374 IS 1 BP L1 EP L5 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00252.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117XM UT WOS:000242906600001 ER PT S AU Goncalves, AC Soria, R AF Goncalves, A. C. Soria, R. BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI Soft-excess in ULX spectra: disc emission or wind absorption? SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE X-ray; infall; accretion, and accretion discs; black holes; X-ray binaries ID X-RAY SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE AB We assess the claim that Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) host intermediate-mass black holes (BH) by comparing the cool disc-blackbody model with a range of other models, namelly a more complex physical model based on a power-law component slightly modified at various energies by smeared emission/absorption lines from highly-ionized gas. Our main conclusion is that the presence of a soft excess, or a soft deficit, depends entirely on the energy range to which we choose to fit the "true" power-law continuum; hence, we argue that those components should not be taken as evidence for accretion disc emission, nor used to infer BH masses. We speculate that bright ULXs could be in a spectral state similar to (or an extension of) the stecp-power-law state of Galactic BH candidates, in which the disc is completely comptonized and not directly detectable, and the power-law emission may be modified by the surrounding, fast-moving, ionized gas. C1 [Goncalves, A. C.] Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Goncalves, A. C.] Observ Astron Lisboa, CAAUL, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Soria, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Soria, R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Goncalves, AC (reprint author), Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(FCT) Portugal [BPD/11641/2002]; OIF Marie Curie Fellowship, through University College London FX ACG acknowledges support from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, under grant BPD/11641/2002. RS acknowledges support from an OIF Marie Curie Fellowship, through University College London. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 741 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500039 ER PT S AU Siemiginowska, A AF Siemiginowska, Aneta BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI Models of accretion disks SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE quasars; accretion disks ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SOFT-X-RAY; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; NON-LTE MODELS; BIG BLUE BUMP; BLACK-HOLE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STELLAR ATMOSPHERES; THEORETICAL SPECTRA AB An accretion flow onto a supermassive black hole is the primary process powering quasars. However, a geometry of this flow is not well constrained. Both global MHD simulations and observations suggest that there are several emission components present in the nucleus: an accretion disk, hot plasma (corona or sphere) with electrons scattering the optical and UV photons, and an outflow (wind/jet). The relative location and size of these emission components, as well as their "interplay" affect the emerging quasar spectrum. I review briefly standard accretion disk models and the recent progress, point out discrepancies between the predicted and observed spectra and discuss some issues in fitting these models to the broad-band spectral energy distribution of quasars. I present examples of models fitted simultaneously to the optical-UV-X-ray data and possible constraints on the parameters. C1 [Siemiginowska, Aneta] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Siemiginowska, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 764 EP 771 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500043 ER PT S AU Barros, SCC Marsh, TR Dhillon, VS Groot, PJ Littlefair, S Nelemans, G Roelofs, G Steeghs, D Wheatley, PJ AF Barros, S. C. C. Marsh, T. R. Dhillon, V. S. Groot, P. J. Littlefair, S. Nelemans, G. Roelofs, G. Steeghs, D. Wheatley, P. J. BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI Photometry of V407 Vul and RXJ0806.3+1527: Twin systems ? SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE close binaries; V407 Vul; RXJ0806.3+1527; white dwarfs; magnetic fields; X-rays ID CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; ULTRACOMPACT BINARY; RX J0806.3+1527; PERIOD BINARY; SPIN-UP; SPECTROSCOPY; VULPECULAE AB We present new photometry of V407 Vul and RXJ0806.3+1527. These stars are thought to be ultra-compact pairs of white dwarfs and the shortest period binaries known. They have periods of 569 and 321 sec respectively. We found that the X-ray and optical light curves of RXJ0806.3+1527 are not anti-pbased as was previously thought. Instead, the X-ray lags the optical by 0.2 of cycle, indistinguishable from the phase offset seen in V407 Vul. Although very similar to RXJ0806.3+1527, V407 Vul surprisingly is observed to have the spectrum of a G star. We test whether this could be a line-of-sight coincidence by searching for variations in the V407 Vul's position on the sky on the 569 second period. We find that the G star is separated from the variable by 0.03 arcsec, and has no direct connection with the 569 second source. This supports a common nature for V407 Vul and RXJ0806.3+1527. C1 [Barros, S. C. C.; Marsh, T. R.; Wheatley, P. J.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Dhillon, V. S.; Littlefair, S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Groot, P. J.; Nelemans, G.; Roelofs, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Steeghs, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Barros, SCC (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Barros, Susana/0000-0003-2434-3625; Littlefair, Stuart/0000-0001-7221-855X; Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Wheatley, Peter/0000-0003-1452-2240 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia e Fundo Social Europeu no ambito do III Quadro Comunitario de Apoio; PPARC Senior Research Fellowship; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Clay Fellowship; NWO VIDI [639.042.201]; NWO VENI [639.041.405] FX SCC Barros is supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia e Fundo Social Europeu no ambito do III Quadro Comunitario de Apoio. TRM acknowledges the support of a PPARC Senior Research Fellowship. DS acknowledges support of a Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Clay Fellowship. PJG and GR are supported by NWO VIDI grant 639.042.201 and GN by NWO VENI grant 639.041.405. Our data were acquired on the 4.2m WHT of the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, La Palma, on the Liverpool Telescope and on the ESO VLT at Paranal in Chile. The ESO proposal was 076.D-0228. We also made use of the ESO Paranal, NASA ADS and SIMBAD data archives. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 873 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500058 ER PT S AU Korreck, KE Kellogg, E Sokoloski, JL AF Korreck, K. E. Kellogg, E. Sokoloski, J. L. BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI A study of the mass loss rates of symbiotic star systems SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE symbiotics; mass accretion; R Aqr ID R-AQUARII; CH-CYGNI; JET; ULTRAVIOLET; OUTFLOW; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION; BIPOLAR AB The amount of mass loss in symbiotic systems is investigated, specifically mass loss via the formation of jets in R Aquarii (R Aqr). The jets in R Aqr have been observed in the Xray by Chandra over a four year time period. The jet changes on times scales of a year and new outflows have been observed. Understanding the amount of mass and the frequency of ejection further constrain the ability of the white dwarf in the system to accrete enough mass to become a Type la supernova progenitor. The details of multi-wavelength studies, such as speed, density and spatial extent of the jets will be discussed in order to understand the mass balance in the binary system. We examine other symbiotic systems to determine trends in mass loss in this class of objects. C1 [Korreck, K. E.; Kellogg, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sokoloski, J. L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Korreck, KE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; NASA [G04-3050A, NAS8-39073]; NSF [0302055]; Associated Universities, Inc. FX K. E. Korreck would like to thank the American Astronomical Society for the Travel grant to attend the conference where this work was presented. The data presented here is from the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for an on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. This work is supported by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA grant, G04-3050A and contract NAS8-39073. J. Sokoloski is supported by NSF Award AST 0302055. NRAO is supported by Associated Universities, Inc. under cooperative agreement with the NSF. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 903 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500065 ER PT S AU Soria, R Goncalves, AC Kuncic, Z AF Soria, R. Goncalves, A. C. Kuncic, Z. BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI Soft-excess in ULX spectra: the chilled-disk scenario SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE X-ray spectroscopy; black holes; X-ray binaries; Infall, accretion and accretion disks; X-ray sources ID X-RAY; BLACK-HOLES AB Soft X-ray spectra of ULXs show small deviations from a power-law model, that can be attributed to reprocessing in a fast, ionized outflow, or to thermal emission from a cool disk. If it is thermal emission, the cool peak temperature can be explained by an inner disk that radiates only a small fraction of the gravitational power, transferring the rest to an upscattering medium which is then responsible for the dominant power-law component. This scenario does not require intermediate-mass black holes: we use a phenomenological model to show that the observed X-ray luminosities and spectra of ULXs are consistent with typical masses similar to 50MG(circle dot). C1 [Soria, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Goncalves, A. C.] Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Goncalves, A. C.] Observ Astron Lisboa, CAAUL, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Kuncic, Z.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Soria, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Kuncic, Zdenka/B-4464-2008 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 919 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500069 ER PT J AU Freudenheim, TL AF Freudenheim, Tom L. TI Single-minded (Daniel Grant's article about single-artist museums) SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA 176JU UT WOS:000247081800002 ER PT J AU Buschhaus, C Herz, H Jetter, R AF Buschhaus, Christopher Herz, Hubert Jetter, Reinhard TI Chemical composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on the adaxial side of Ligustrum vulgare leaves SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cuticular wax; leaf surface; plant cuticles; privet (Ligustrum vulgare); triterpenoids ID CUTICULAR WAXES; CRYSTALS; SYNTHASE; SURFACES AB Previous research has shown that cuticular triterpenoids are exclusively found in the intracuticular wax layer of Prunus laurocerasus. To investigate whether this partitioning was species-specific, the intra- and epicuticular waxes were identified and quantified for the glossy leaves of Ligustrum vulgare, an unrelated shrub with similar wax morphology. Epicuticular wax was mechanically stripped from the adaxial leaf surface using the adhesive gum arabic. Subsequently, the organic solvent chloroform was used to extract the intracuticular wax from within the cutin matrix. The isolated waxes were quantified using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and identified by mass spectrometry. The results were visually confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The outer wax layer consisted entirely of homologous series of very-long-chain aliphatic compound classes. By contrast, the inner wax layer was dominated (80%) by two cyclic triterpenoids, ursolic and oleanolic acid. The accumulation of triterpenoids in the intracuticular leaf wax of a second, unrelated species suggests that this localization may be a more general phenomenon in smooth cuticles lacking epicuticular wax crystals. The mechanism and possible ecological or physiological reasons for this separation are currently being investigated. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Jetter, R (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM jetter@interchange.ubc.ca NR 15 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2007 VL 176 IS 2 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02190.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215ZA UT WOS:000249846300008 PM 17696977 ER PT J AU Cernusak, LA Aranda, J Marshall, JD Winter, K AF Cernusak, Lucas A. Aranda, Jorge Marshall, John D. Winter, Klaus TI Large variation in whole-plant water-use efficiency among tropical tree species SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope; leaf nitrogen concentration; oxygen isotope; transpiration ratio; tropical tree; water-use efficiency ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; ELEVATED CO2; DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; DELTA-C-13 VALUES; LEAF AB It is well known that whole-plant water-use efficiency (transpiration efficiency of carbon gain, TEC) varies among plant species with different photosynthetic pathways. However, less is known of such variation among tree species within the C-3 group. Here we measured the TEC of seven C-3 tropical tree species. Isotopic analyses (delta C-13, delta O-18, and delta N-15) and elemental analyses (carbon and nitrogen) were undertaken to provide insight into sources of variation in TEC. Plants were grown over several months in approx. 80% full sunlight in individual 38-l containers in the Republic of Panama. Soil moisture content was nonlimiting. Significant variation was observed in TEC among the C-3 tree species. Values ranged from 1.6 mmol C mol(-1) H2O for teak (Tectona grandis) to 4.0 mmol C mol(-1) H2O for a legume, Platymiscium pinnatum. Variation in TEC was correlated with both leaf N concentration, a proxy for photosynthetic capacity, and oxygen-isotope enrichment, a proxy for stomatal conductance. The TEC varied with C-isotope discrimination within species, but the relationship broke down among species, reflecting the existence of species-specific offsets. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Cernusak, LA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM cernusakl@si.edu RI Cernusak, Lucas/A-6859-2011 OI Cernusak, Lucas/0000-0002-7575-5526 NR 61 TC 50 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2007 VL 173 IS 2 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01913.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 117KR UT WOS:000242872500006 PM 17204076 ER PT B AU DeLuca, EE AF DeLuca, Edward E. BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI The X-ray telescope for Solar-B: Calibration and predicted performance SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House AB The X-Ray Telescope (XRT) for Solar-B will provide coronal imaging with unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage. XRT was subjected to several calibration tests during the course of its construction. The x-ray mirror and CCD were calibrated separately and the entire telescope was calibrated "end-to-end". The mirror and end-to-end tests were held at the NASA's Marshal Space Flight Center X-Ray Calibration Facility (XRCF). The CCD calibrations were performed at NAOJ. The calibration results show that XRT meets all of its design requirements, it will provide high resolution, multi-thermal, wide FOV, low scattering observations of the solar corona for Solar-B. XRT will be the highest spatial resolution solar X-Ray Telescope every flown, FWHM of the PSF is 10.4 mu m (0.8 arcsec). We will present the summary findings of the calibration efforts and discuss the performance of the XRT. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP DeLuca, EE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600002 ER PT B AU Weber, M AF Weber, Mark CA XRT Team BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI Temperature analysis with the XRT SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House AB The X-Ray Telescope on-board Solar-B has an array of nine diagnostic filters with which to analyze the temperature and differential emission measure of coronal plasma, which is spatially resolved with 1 arcsec pixels. We investigate the XRT's capabilities to discriminate temperatures and to recover differential emission measures, with both full and partial sets of the diagnostic filters. C1 [Weber, Mark] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weber, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600011 ER PT J AU Faden, RB AF Faden, Robert B. TI New species of Tricarpelema (Commelinaceae) from Africa and Asia, including the first record of the genus from Africa and a synopsis of the genus SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Africa; commelinaceae; inselberg; Tricarpelema; Vietnam AB Tricarpelema africanum Faden is described from Central Africa, representing the first African species of the otherwise Asian genus. The species is so distinct that Tricarpelema J. K. Morton subgen. Keatingia Faden is described for it, based mainly on its unusual vegetative morphology. Tricarpelema brevipedicellatum Faden is described from Vietnamese collections that were previously treated as Aneilema montanum (Wight) Wallich ex C. B. Clarke or Dictyospermum montanum Wight. It differs from all other continental Asian species by its one-seeded locules. A key to all eight named Tricarpelema species is provided, along with a synopsis of the species, including full taxonomy and synonymy. Pollia subumbellata C. B. Clarke var. glabra Hallier f. is a new synonym for T. philippense (Panigrahi) Faden. The following names are lectotypified: T. giganteum (Hasskarl) H. Hara, T. philippense (Panigrahi) Faden, and Pollia subumbellata C. B. Clarke var. glabra Hallier f. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Faden, RB (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fadenr@si.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 160 EP 171 DI 10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[160:NSOTCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 183WN UT WOS:000247603200006 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Keeley, SC AF Robinson, Harold Keeley, Sterling C. TI Additions to the genus Pseudopiptocarpha (Asteraeeae, vernonieae) from Northern South America SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; Colombia; Lepidaploa; Pseudopiptocarpha; Venezuela; Vernonieae ID ASTERACEAE AB Pseudopiptocarpha garcia-barrigae H. Robinson & S. C. Keeley is described as new, and P. tovarensis (Gleason) H. Robinson & S. C. Keeley of Venezuela (Asteraceae, Vernonieae) is transferred from Lepidaploa (Cassini) Cassini. The new species and P. tovarensis have branching inflorescences unlike the two previously known members of Pseudopiptocarpha H. Robinson. All four species of Pseudopiptocarpha have Aynia H. Robinson-type pollen. Which does not occur in Lepidaploa as redelimited. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM robinsoh@si.edu; sterling@hawaii.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[255:ATTGPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 183WN UT WOS:000247603200019 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, KF Hartman, J Freestone, AL Wong, M Jackson, NL AF Nordstrom, Karl F. Hartman, JeanMarie Freestone, Amy L. Wong, Mark Jackson, Nancy L. TI Changes in topography and vegetation near gaps in a protective foredune SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; DUNE; ISLAND; PLANT; COAST; STABILIZATION; COMMUNITIES AB Data gathered on a foredune on a nourished beach reveal the relationships between topography and plant communities at gaps in the dune crest. Sand inundation at gaps allows plants in some portions of the dune to rejuvenate to earlier successional stages, while an increase in richness occurs in other portions. Ammophila breviligulata can create an initial dune ridge, colonize new areas of bare sand within the dune field, facilitate growth of other species, and provide a natural alternative to fencing in managing gaps. Foredune mobility can be considered a positive factor if beach width and dune volume provide adequate protection. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Nordstrom, KF (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM nordstro@marine.rutgers.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2007 VL 50 IS 11-12 BP 945 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2007.04.004 PG 15 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 230UU UT WOS:000250902400006 ER PT J AU Richards, LA Coley, PD AF Richards, Lora A. Coley, Phyllis D. TI Seasonal and habitat differences affect the impact of food and predation on herbivores: a comparison between gaps and understory of a tropical forest SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM-UP FORCES; NATURAL PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENT; TOP-DOWN; TREEFALL GAPS; EXPLOITATION ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; RELATIVE ROLES; RAIN-FOREST; WET FOREST AB Herbivore populations are influenced by a combination of food availability and predator pressure, the relative contribution of which is hypothesized to vary across a productivity gradient. In tropical forests, treefall gaps are pockets of high productivity in the otherwise less productive forest understory. Thus, we hypothesize that higher light availability in gaps will increase plant resources, thereby decreasing resource limitation of herbivores relative to the understory. As a result, predators should regulate herbivore populations in gaps, whereas food should limit herbivores in the understory. We quantified potential food availability and compared arthropod herbivore and predator densities in large forest light gaps and in the intact understory in Panama. Plants, young leaves, herbivores and predators were significantly more abundant per ground area in gaps than in the understory. This pattern was similar when we focused on seven gap specialist plant species and 15 shade-tolerant species growing in gaps and understory. Consistent with the hypothesis, herbivory rates were higher in gaps than the understory. Per capita predation rates on artificial caterpillars indicated higher predation pressure in gaps in both the dry and late wet seasons. These diverse lines of evidence all suggest that herbivores experience higher predator pressure in gaps and more food limitation in the understory. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Richards, LA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM lrichards@bio.mq.edu.au NR 47 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JAN PY 2007 VL 116 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.15043.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125AJ UT WOS:000243413600004 ER PT S AU Romaine, S Basso, S Bruni, RJ Burkert, W Citterio, O Cotroneo, V Engelhaupt, D Freyberg, MJ Gorenstein, P Gubarev, M Hartner, G Mazzoleni, F O'Dell, S Pareschi, G Ramsey, BD Speegle, C Spiga, D AF Romaine, S. Basso, S. Bruni, R. J. Burkert, W. Citterio, O. Cotroneo, V. Engelhaupt, D. Freyberg, M. J. Gorenstein, P. Gubarev, M. Hartner, G. Mazzoleni, F. O'Dell, S. Pareschi, G. Ramsey, B. D. Speegle, C. Spiga, D. BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI Development of a prototype nickel optic for the constellation-X hard X-ray telescope - art. no. 668804 SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray telescopes; X-ray optics; multilayers; electroformed optics ID MISSION AB The Constellation-X mission concept has been streamlined to a single Atlas V 551 configuration. This decision was reached by the project team after considering the increases in launch costs announced in 2006 coupled with the constrained budget environment apparent with the release of the NASA 2007 budget. Along with the Spectroscopy X-ray Telescopes, this new configuration continues to carry a Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) component, with some modifications to the original requirements to adjust to the new configuration. The total effective area requirement in the 7-40 keV band has been reduced, but at the same time the angular resolution requirement has been increased from 1 arcmin to 30 arcsec. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Marshall Space Flight Center and Brera Observatory (Italy) have been collaborating to develop an HXT which meets the requirements of Constellation-X. The development work we have been engaged in to produce multilayer coated Electroformed-Nickel-Replicated (ENR) shells is well suited for this new configuration. We report here on results of fabrication and testing of a prototype optic for the HXT. Full beam illumination X-ray tests, taken at MPE-Panter Test Facility, show that these optics meet the new requirement of 30 arcsec for the streamlined Constellation-X configuration. This report also presents preliminary results from studies using titanium nitride as a release agent to simplify and improve the nickel electroforming replication process. C1 [Romaine, S.; Bruni, R. J.; Gorenstein, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Romaine, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Pareschi, Giovanni/0000-0003-3967-403X; O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP 68804 EP 68804 DI 10.1117/12.736063 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500003 ER PT S AU Gorenstein, P AF Gorenstein, Paul BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI A wide-field hybrid X-ray telescope for a lunar-based gamma ray burst observatory - art. no. 668807 SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE gamma ray bursts; X-rays; Moon; lunar base ID ILLUMINATION; POLE AB Gamma ray bursts have become as important as supernova in astrophysics and cosmology and they should be studied with the same amount of diligence and continuity. Most of the types of telescopes and detectors needed already exist and in fact have already been in space. The addition of a very wide field, high angular resolution X-ray telescope would open a much larger window to bursts whose spectra are soft, either intrinsically or as a result of high redshift. Sensitivity in the X-ray band also benefits from the large number of photons of the X-ray afterglow. To fill that role we describe a telescope that is a lobster-eye optic in one dimension and a coded aperture in the other. It has larger area and bandwidth than a two-dimensional lobster-eye optic but is subject to more background. A permanent site that can accommodate a complete set of instruments that covers the entire energy range from soft X-ray to gamma ray would be preferable to the current practice of launching new spacecraft periodically with instruments that cover only part of the range. Astronomers generally favor free space, over the Moon as an observatory site. However, the architecture of a gamma ray burst observatory is more compatible with a lunar base than is the typical observatory. The instruments can be delivered gradually and perhaps at lower cost to the astrophysics budget through an Earth-Moon transportation system that is supported by the Exploration program. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gorenstein, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP 68807 EP 68807 DI 10.1117/12.728645 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500006 ER PT J AU Strong, EE Glaubrecht, M AF Strong, Ellen E. Glaubrecht, Matthias TI The morphology and independent origin of ovoviviparity in Tiphobia and Lavigeria (Caenogastropoda : cerithioidea : paludomidae) from Lake Tanganyika SO ORGANISMS DIVERSITY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE anatomy; brood pouch; development; freshwater; ontogeny; phylogeny ID MOLECULAR-GENETICS; EAST-AFRICA; GASTROPODS CERITHIOIDEA; THALASSOID GASTROPODS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CICHLID FISHES; SPECIES FLOCK; ANCIENT LAKES; PACHYCHILIDAE; SPECIATION AB To better understand the diversification of the endemic thalassoid (i.e. marine-like) cerithioidean gastropods of Lake Tanganyika, as well as the origin and significance of brooding among lake species, we here redescribe the anatomy and ontogeny of the ovoviviparous Tiphobia horei from Lake Tanganyika and compare it to that of Lavigeria sp. A, representing another ovoviviparous take clade that has acquired a uterine brood pouch independently. Within the phylogenetic framework provided by recent molecular analyses, the distant relation of these two taxa is corroborated by many external and internal anatomical differences. Comparison of the brood pouches demonstrates that they each bear unique features consistent with their independent modification for brooding. Despite representing functionally analogous structures, they also share several similarities in organization likely representing symplesiornorphies of the Lake Tanganyika species flock. The ontogeny is characterized by the presence of a velum and by delayed calcification producing a characteristically wrinkled embryonic cap. Comparison with other brooding cerithioideans reveals that T horei and Lavigeria sp. A retain many more embryos than other freshwater cerithioideans of comparable size with a uterine brood pouch, possibly facilitated by the presence of longitudinal lamellae. Compartmentalization of the oviduct and delayed calcification is strongly linked to the brooding of embryos. (c) 2006 Gesellschaft fur Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Malacozool, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Strong, EE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM StrongE@si.edu OI Strong, Ellen/0000-0001-7181-4114 NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-6092 J9 ORG DIVERS EVOL JI Org. Divers. Evol. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 81 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.ode.2006.02.003 PG 25 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 201BI UT WOS:000248806100001 ER PT J AU Logue, DM AF Logue, David M. TI A Greater Ani (Crotophaga major) gives a nuptial gift while copulating SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE nuptial feeding; Greater Ani; Crotophaga major; paternal investment; food for sex; copulation ID INVESTMENT; MALES; FOOD C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Logue, DM (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM david.logue@uleth.ca NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER PI ATHENS PA UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, WARNELL SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 311 EP 312 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 179WV UT WOS:000247322000016 ER PT J AU Robbins, MB Braun, MJ Milensky, CM Schmidt, BK Prince, W Rice, NH Finch, DW O'Shea, BJ AF Robbins, Mark B. Braun, Michael J. Milensky, Christopher M. Schmidt, Brian K. Prince, Waidyke Rice, Nathan H. Finch, Davis W. O'Shea, Brian J. TI Avifauna of the upper Essequibo River and Acary mountains, southern Guyana SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE avifauna; Essequibo River; Acary mountains; Guyana; new records AB We conducted two extensive and several shorter-term avifaunal surveys during different seasons in the upper Essequibo River drainage of extreme southern Guyana, one of the least human-impacted areas on the planet. A total of 441 avian species were recorded including the first Guyana records for 12 species. Four additional species were documented with the first Guyana specimens. Relative abundance, habitat preferences, and breeding status are presented. The species list for the, Upper Essequibo region is higher than that for an intensively studied site north of Manaus, Brazil, but lower than that for the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana. The likely explanation for differences in species composition between these sites is habitat heterogeneity. C1 Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr KUMNH, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist USNM, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Iwokrama Int Ctr, Georgetown, Guyana. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Robbins, MB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM mrobbins@ku.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 339 EP 368 PG 30 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 213CW UT WOS:000249644600002 ER PT J AU Renner, SC Rappole, JH Leimgruber, P Kelly, DS Shwe, NM Aung, T Aung, M AF Renner, Swen C. Rappole, John H. Leimgruber, Peter Kelly, Daniel S. Shwe, Nay Myo Aung, Thein Aung, Myint TI Land cover in the Northern Forest Complex of Myanmar: new insights for conservation SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE deforestation; Himalaya; land cover classification; Myanmar; Northern Forest Complex; South-east Asia; tropical forest ID BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION; PATTERNS; BURMA AB We classified land cover in the Northern Forest Complex in Myanmar using satellite imagery (MODIS/NDVI) and field surveys carried out in 2001, 2004 and 2005. Using Landsat TM/ETM+ images from 1991 and 1999 we determined deforestation rates. The c. 22,000 km(2) Northern Forest Complex, including the Hkakabo Razi National Park in northern Kachin State, is characterized by tropical to subtropical pristine forests with low human impact. The area studied, which includes land beyond the boundaries of Hkakabo Razi National Park, is of special conservation importance because it provides a refuge for many rare plant and animal species. Less than 1.4% of the area is affected by humans (excluding hunting) and deforestation rates are low at < 0.01% annually. We observed several bird and mammal species that are considered threatened elsewhere. Based on our data, those of previous surveys, and the fact that > 10 new vertebrate species have been described in the region since 1999, it is likely there are still undescribed vertebrate species to be discovered. We recommend extending the boundaries of Hkakabo Razi National Park to the south and west, connecting it to Hpongkan Razi Wildlife Sanctuary, and/or adding an additional sanctuary in the Naung Mung area, to protect the vast yet still pristine rainforest habitats that are home to many of the most important aspects of the region's biodiversity. C1 Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. W Gyogone Insein, Nat & Wildlife Conservat Div, Dept Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar. RP Renner, SC (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Reymont Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM renners@si.edu RI Renner, Swen/J-3502-2014; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Renner, Swen/0000-0002-6893-4219; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1017/S0030605307001603 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158BT UT WOS:000245766600010 ER PT J AU Fortunato, H AF Fortunato, Helena TI Naticid gastropod predation in the gatun formation (late middle miocene), Panama: preliminary assessment SO PALAEONTOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article DE fossil record; late Middle Miocene; Panama; marine mollusks; predation intensity ID DRILLING PREDATION; SHELL STRENGTH; COASTAL-PLAIN; FOSSIL RECORD; PREY; HYPOTHESIS; TIME; PALEOECOLOGY; PLEISTOCENE; ESCALATION AB Understanding predator-prey interactions is an important component of community studies, both present and past. Patterns of naticid predation in a fossil molluscan assemblage were studied by examination of drilling frequencies in a series of samples collected at three sites of the Gatun Formation (late Middle Miocene), Panama. Overall drilling intensities were relatively low (18 %) and were not correlated with abundance. Turritellids. turrids, and terebrids (making up to 11% of the studied fauna) were the most consumed, representing almost 29 % of the total prey. Especially important were turritellids representing over 20 % of the total consumed prey. Albeit abundant (54 % of the studied fauna), columbellids, cerithiids. and marginellids showed low drilling intensities (8.2-10.4 %). Naticids were the major predators. Con-familial drilling among naticids is high and did not seem to be related to absence of preferred prey. Consistent with other studies, these data indicate that predators demonstrate high prey selectivity. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Palaeoecol & Archaeol, Balboa, Panama. RP Fortunato, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Palaeoecol & Archaeol, POB 0843-00153, Balboa, Panama. EM fortunae@si.edu NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0031-0220 J9 PALAEONTOL Z JI Palaontol. Z. PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 356 EP 364 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 222KJ UT WOS:000250294700014 ER PT J AU Bambach, RK Bush, AM Erwin, DH AF Bambach, Richard K. Bush, Andrew M. Erwin, Douglas H. TI Autecology and the filling of ecospace: Key metazoan radiations SO PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE theoretical ecospace; evolutionary constraint; mode of life; ecological complexity; tiering; motility; feeding ID MESOZOIC MARINE REVOLUTION; FOSSIL RECORD; EDIACARAN BIOTAS; EVOLUTION; DIVERSITY; BODY; INVERTEBRATES; PALEOECOLOGY; PERSPECTIVES; COMMUNITIES AB All possible combinations of six tiering positions in relation to the substratum/water interface, six motility levels and six feeding strategies define a complete theoretical ecospace of 216 potential modes of life for marine animals. The number of modes of life actually utilized specifies realized ecospace. Owing to constraints of effectiveness and efficiency the modern marine fauna utilizes only about half the potential number of modes of life, two-thirds of which (62 of 92) are utilized by animals with readily preserved, mineralized hard parts. Realized ecospace has increased markedly since the early evolution of animal ecosystems. The Ediacaran fauna utilized at most 12 modes of life, with just two practised by skeletal organisms. A total of 30 modes of life are recorded in the Early and Middle Cambrian, 19 of which were utilized by skeletal organisms. The other 11 are documented from soft-bodied animals preserved in the Chengjiang and Burgess Shale Konservat-Lagerstatten. The number of modes of life utilized by skeletal organisms increased by more than 50 per cent during the Ordovician radiation to a Late Ordovician total of 30. Between the Late Ordovician and the Recent the number of utilized modes of life has doubled again. The autecological and taxonomic diversity histories of the marine metazoa appear to be broadly parallel, and future studies of theoretical ecospace utilization should provide more detailed tests of pattern and process in the ecological history of the metazoa. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Integrat Geosci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Bambach, RK (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC-121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM bambachr@si.edu; andrew.bush@uconn.edu; erwind@si.edu RI Erwin, Douglas/A-9668-2009 NR 99 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 8 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-0239 EI 1475-4983 J9 PALAEONTOLOGY JI Paleontology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 50 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00611.x PN 1 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 123PN UT WOS:000243307900001 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, CA Pardo-Trujillo, A Rueda, M Torres, V Harrington, GJ Mora, G AF Jaramillo, Carlos A. Pardo-Trujillo, Andres Rueda, Milton Torres, Vladimir Harrington, Guy J. Mora, German TI The palynology of the Cerrejon Formation (upper Paleocene) of northern Colombia SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paleocene; tropics; pollen; diversity; coal; paleoecology; South America ID SOUTH-AMERICA; EOCENE; BASIN; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; VENEZUELA; GRADIENTS; BOUNDARY; ARACEAE; CLIMATE AB A palynological study of the Cerrejon Formation was conducted in order to date the formation and understand the floristic composition and diversity of a Paleocene tropical site. The Cerrejon Formation outcrops in the Cerrejon Coal Mine, the largest open cast coal mine in the world. Two cores (725 m) were provided by Carbones del Cerrejon LLC for study. Two hundred samples were prepared for palynology, and at least 150 palynomorphs were counted per sample where possible. Several statistical techniques including rarefaction, species accumulation curves, detrended correspondence analysis, and Anosim were used to analyze the floristic composition and diversity of the palynofloras. Palynomorph assemblages indicate that the age of the Cerrejon Formation and the overlying Tabaco Formation is Middle to Late Paleocene (ca. 60-58 Ma). Major structural repetitions were not found in the Cerrejon Formation in the Cerrejon coal mine, and there is little floral variation throughout. The floral composition, diversity, and lithofacies do not change significantly. Lithofacies associations and floral composition indicate deposition fluctuating from an estuarine-influenced coastal plain at the base to a fluvial-influenced coastal plain at the top. There are, however, significant differences in the composition and diversity of coal and siliciclastic samples. Coal palynofloras have fewer morphospecies, and a distinct and more homogeneous floral assemblage compared to assemblages from the intervening sisliciclastic strata, suggesting that tropical swampy environments supported fewer plant species and had a distinct vegetation adapted to permanently wet environments. C1 [Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Pardo-Trujillo, Andres] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Pardo-Trujillo, Andres] Univ Caldas, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Geol, Manizales, Colombia. [Rueda, Milton; Torres, Vladimir] Colombian Petr Inst, Biostratig Team, Bucaramanga 4185, Colombia. [Harrington, Guy J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Mora, German] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaramillo, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM jaramilloc@si.edu NR 80 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2007 VL 31 BP 153 EP 189 DI 10.2113/gspalynol.31.1.153 PG 37 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 252GN UT WOS:000252435100015 ER PT B AU Goddard, I AF Goddard, Ives BE Wolfart, HC TI Reconstruction and history of the independent indicative SO PAPERS OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE SE PAPERS OF THE ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Algonquian Conference 2006 CY OCT 27-29, 2006 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA HO Univ British Columbia ID LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE; ORDER; VERBS C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MANITOBA PRESS PI WINNIPEG PA 244 ENGINEERING BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA J9 PAP ALGON CONF PY 2007 VL 38 BP 207 EP 271 PG 65 WC Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BHE39 UT WOS:000252430800009 ER PT J AU Medianero, E Castano-Meneses, G Tishechkin, A Basset, Y Barrios, H Odegaard, F Cline, AR Bail, J AF Medianero, Enrique Castano-Meneses, Gabriela Tishechkin, Alexey Basset, Yves Barrios, Hector Odegaard, Frode Cline, Andrew R. Bail, Johannes TI Influence of local illumination and plant composition on the spatial and seasonal distribution of litter-dwelling arthropods in a tropical rainforest SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE basal area; canonical partitioning; litter; pitfall traps; soil; taxonomic resolution ID BEETLE COMMUNITIES; EVERGREEN FOREST; CENTRAL AMAZONIA; ECOLOGICAL DATA; SOIL ANIMALS; COSTA-RICA; INVERTEBRATES; GRADIENT; BIODIVERSITY; SCALE AB Using pitfall traps, we evaluated the spatial and seasonal variance in arthropod abundance, species richness, higher taxonomic and species composition, and guild structure within the ground litter of seven sites in a relatively undisturbed rainforest in Panama. We examined each of these five arthropod-dependent variables at two spatial scales (a few meters and a few hundred meters) and one temporal scale (a few months encompassing dry and wet periods), against environmental variables including local illumination and plant composition. Trap catches (9458 arthropods collected during 630 trap-days) were high compared to similar studies in temperate forests. We observed spatial and seasonal differences in abundance, species richness and composition of litter-dwelling arthropods. Often these differences appeared weakly related to geographical coordinates. They reflected forest structure (basal area) and local plant composition, and less so illumination patterns or seasonal changes in radiation. Seasonal variance was high and may relate to surrogate variables accounting for seasonal changes in litter moisture. The composition of higher taxa and species was often predicted by different independent variables at the three scales studied. Guild structure was difficult to predict. Our study lead us to expect that litter-dwelling arthropods may be more seasonal than soil microarthropods in tropical rainforests; and that tropical litter-dwelling arthropods may also be more spatially variable and seasonal than their temperate counterparts. We also recommend that conservation studies using pitfall traps in tropical rainforests should focus on: (1) taxonomic resolution to understand the functional complexity of soil organisms; (2) spatial replication to address subtle changes in plant composition throughout the study area; and (3) seasonal replicates to be commensurate with seasonal changes in litter moisture. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, Madrid 28006, Spain. Univ Panama, Vicerrectoria Invest & Postgrado, Programa Centroamericano Maestria Entomol, Panama City 0824, Panama. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Lousiana State Arthropod Museum, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Norwegian Inst Nature Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. Calif Dept Food & Agr Plant Pest Diagnost, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. Inst Zool, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Medianero, E (reprint author), Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, C Jose Gutierrrez Abasca 2, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM mcnem823@mncn.csic.es; gcm@hp.fciencias.unam.mx; atishe1@lsu.edu; hbarrios@ancon.up.ac.pa; hbarrios@ancon.up.ac.pa; frode.odegaard@nina.no; ACline@cdfa.ca.gov; johannes_bail@hotmail.com RI Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.03.004 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 186OU UT WOS:000247788800005 ER PT J AU Li, JH Johnson, DP Dijkstra, P Hungate, BA Hinkle, CR Drake, BG AF Li, J. H. Johnson, D. P. Dijkstra, P. Hungate, B. A. Hinkle, C. R. Drake, B. G. TI Elevated CO2 mitigates the adverse effects of drought on daytime net ecosystem CO2 exchange and photosynthesis in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article DE air vapor pressure deficit; net ecosystem CO2 exchange; open-top chamber; Quercus myrtifolia; stomatal conductance ID PLANT WATER RELATIONS; STOMATAL RESPONSE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PICEA-ABIES; ACCLIMATION; DEFICIT; GROWTH AB Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate. In order to understand the potential effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (C-a) on ecosystems, it is essential to determine the combined effects of drought and elevated C-a (E-C) under field conditions. A severe drought occurred in Central Florida in 1998 when precipitation was 88 % less than the average between 1984 and 2002. We determined daytime net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) before, during, and after the drought in the Florida scrub-oak ecosystem exposed to doubled C-a in open-top chamber since May 1996. We measured diurnal leaf net photosynthetic rate (P-N) of Quercus myrtfolia Willd, the dominant species, during and after the drought. Drought caused a midday depression in NEE and P-N at ambient CO2 concentration (AC) and EC. EC mitigated the midday depression in NEE by about 60 % compared to AC and the effect of EC on leaf P-N was similar to its effect on NEE. Growth in EC lowered the sensitivity of NEE to air vapor pressure deficit under drought. Thus EC would help the scrub-oak ecosystem to survive the consequences of the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on climate change, including increased frequency of drought, while simultaneously sequestering more anthropogenic carbon. C1 Smithsonian CO2 Site, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian CO2 Site, Mail Code DYN-2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM lij@si.edu RI Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011 OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CZ-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11099-007-0008-2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 143BX UT WOS:000244696100008 ER PT J AU Muller, HSP McCarthy, MC Bizzocchi, L Gupta, H Esser, S Lichau, H Caris, M Lewen, F Hahn, J Esposti, CD Schlemmer, S Thaddeus, P AF Mueller, H. S. P. McCarthy, M. C. Bizzocchi, L. Gupta, H. Esser, S. Lichau, H. Caris, M. Lewen, F. Hahn, J. Esposti, C. Degli Schlemmer, S. Thaddeus, P. TI Rotational spectroscopy of the isotopic species of silicon monosulfide, SiS SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; DIPOLE MOMENTS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; PB-CHALCOGENIDES; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; MASER EMISSION; FIELD SHIFT; LINE SURVEY; TL-HALIDES; IRC +10216 AB Pure rotational transitions of silicon monosulfide ((SiS)-Si-28-S-32) and its rare isotopic species have been observed in their ground as well as vibrationally excited states by employing Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy of a supersonic molecular beam at centimetre wavelengths (13-37 GHz) and by using long-path absorption spectroscopy at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths (127-925 GHz). The latter measurements include 91 transition frequencies for (SiS)-Si-28-S-32, (SiS)-Si-28-S-33, (SiS)-Si-28-S-34, (SiS)-Si-29-S-32 and (SiS)-Si-30-S-32 in v = 0, as well as 5 lines for (SiS)-Si-28-S-32 in v = 1, with rotational quantum numbers J '' <= 52. The centimetre-wave measurements include more than 300 newly recorded lines. Together with previous data they result in almost 600 transitions (J '' = 0 and 1) from all twelve possible isotopic species, including (SiS)-Si-29-S-36 and (SiS)-Si-30-S-36, which have fractional abundances of about 7 x 10(-6) and 4.5 x 10(-6), respectively. Rotational transitions were observed from v = 0 for the least abundant isotopic species to as high as v = 51 for the main species. Owing to the high spectral resolution of the FTMW spectrometer, hyperfine structure from the nuclear electric quadrupole moment of S-33 was resolved for species containing this isotope, as was much smaller nuclear spin-rotation splitting for isotopic species involving Si-29. By combining the measurements here with previously published microwave and infrared data in one global fit, an improved set of spectroscopic parameters for SiS has been derived which include several terms describing the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. With this parameter set, highly accurate rotational frequencies for this important astronomical molecule can now be predicted well into the terahertz region. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Texas, Inst Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Anorgan Chem 2, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. RP Muller, HSP (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM hspm@phl.uni-koeln.de RI Schlemmer, Stephan/E-2903-2015; OI Schlemmer, Stephan/0000-0002-1421-7281; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008; Mueller, Holger/0000-0002-0183-8927; Bizzocchi, Luca/0000-0002-9953-8593 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 13 BP 1579 EP 1586 DI 10.1039/b618799d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 156FL UT WOS:000245633400006 PM 17429551 ER PT J AU Brunken, S Muller, HSP Endres, C Lewen, F Giesen, T Drouin, B Pearson, JC Mader, H AF Bruenken, Sandra Mueller, Holger S. P. Endres, Christian Lewen, Frank Giesen, Thomas Drouin, Brian Pearson, John C. Maeder, Heinrich TI High resolution rotational spectroscopy on D2O up to 2.7 THz in its ground and first excited vibrational bending states SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTRUM; BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATORS; BROAD-BAND SPECTROSCOPY; HOT EMISSION-SPECTRA; INTERACTING STATES; MOLECULAR-SPECTROSCOPY; TERAHERTZ REGION; WATER MOLECULE; LINE POSITIONS AB We present highly accurate laboratory measurements on the pure rotational spectrum of doubly deuterated water, D2O, in selected frequency regions from 10 GHz up to 2.7 THz. Around 140 rotational transitions in both the vibrational ground and first excited bending states (v(2) = 0,1) were measured in total, involving energy levels with unexcelled high J and K-a rotational quantum numbers. The data give valuable information for the spectroscopic analysis of this molecule. In the case of the light and non-rigid water molecule, standard methods for its analysis are limited due to large centrifugal distortion interactions. Here, we present a global analysis of rotational and rovibrational data of the v(2) = 0 and 1 states of D2O by means of an Euler expansion of the Hamiltonian. In addition to the newly measured pure rotational transitions, around 4000 rotational and rovibrational lines have been included from previous work. It was possible to reproduce the extensive dataset to nearly its experimental uncertainty. The improved predictive capability of the model compared to previous work will be demonstrated. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Phys Chem, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RP Brunken, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbruenken@cfa.harvard.edu RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010; Giesen, Thomas /B-9476-2015; OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828; Giesen, Thomas /0000-0002-2401-0049; Mueller, Holger/0000-0002-0183-8927 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 17 BP 2103 EP 2112 DI 10.1039/b613925f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 161PK UT WOS:000246027500008 PM 17464391 ER PT J AU Afshordi, N AF Afshordi, Niayesh TI How well can (renormalized) perturbation theory predict dark matter clustering properties? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GALAXY FORMATION; HALO; MODEL; OCCUPATION AB There has been some recent activity in trying to understand the dark matter clustering properties in the quasilinear regime, through resummation of perturbative terms, otherwise known as the renormalized perturbation theory [M. Crocce and R. Scoccimarro, Phys. Rev. D 73, 063519 (2006).], or the renormalization group method [P. McDonald, astro-ph/0606028.]. While it is not always clear why such methods should work so well, there is no reason for them to capture nonperturbative events such as shell-crossing. In order to estimate the magnitude of nonperturbative effects, we introduce a (hypothetical) model of sticky dark matter, which only differs from collisionless dark matter in the shell-crossing regime. This enables us to show that the level of nonperturbative effects in the dark matter power spectrum at k similar to 0: 1 Mpc(-1), which is relevant for baryonic acoustic oscillations, is about a percent, but rises to order unity at k similar to 1 Mpc(-1). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Afshordi, N (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, MS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nafshordi@cfa.harvard.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 021302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.021302 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 131UQ UT WOS:000243896300002 ER PT J AU Kanzaki, T Kawasaki, M Kohri, K Moroi, T AF Kanzaki, Toru Kawasaki, Masahiro Kohri, Kazunori Moroi, Takeo TI Cosmological constraints on the gravitino LSP scenario with a sneutrino NLSP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE; BLUE COMPACT GALAXIES; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; BARYON DENSITY; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; THERMAL LEPTOGENESIS; LITHIUM; QSO AB We study the scenario where a sneutrino is the next to lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) which decays into a gravitino and standard model particles. The daughter particles such as neutrinos and quarks cause electromagnetic and hadronic showers and affect big-bang nucleosynthesis. It is found that, despite a small branching ratio, four-body processes including quarks in the final state give the most stringent constraint on the sneutrino abundance for gravitino mass of 1-100 GeV. Pion production by high-energy neutrinos is important when the sneutrinos decay at similar to 1 sec. We also discuss the thermal leptogenesis in the sneutrino NLSP scenario. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Kanzaki, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. NR 53 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 025011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.025011 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 131UQ UT WOS:000243896300092 ER PT B AU Avrett, EH AF Avrett, Eugene H. BE Heinzel, P Dorotovic, I Rutten, RJ TI New models of the solar chromosphere and transition region from SUMER observations SO PHYSICS OF CHROMOSPHERIC PLASMAS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting on the Physics of Chromospheric Plasmas CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra ID ENERGY-BALANCE; LINE FORMATION; QUIET-SUN; ABUNDANCE; DIFFUSION; PHOTOSPHERE; GRANULATION; EMISSION; IV AB The SUMER atlas of the disk-center spectrum of the average quiet Sun between 67 and 161 nm, together with HRTS spectra to 173 nm, provide valuable observational data that can be used to determine the structure of the chromosphere, transition region, and low corona. The Pandora atmospheric modeling program is being used to determine atmospheric models and calculated spectra consistent with these observations, resulting in a new model of the average quiet chromosphere and transition region in better agreement with observations than before. We find that temperature variations of 400 K cause the computed chromospheric intensities, both in lines and the continuum, to change by a factor of about 4. This is greater than the observed intensity variations at chromospheric wavelengths 1) with time in quiet regions, and 2) with position from cell centers to bright network. These results appear to conflict with dynamical models that predict time variations of 1000K or more in the chromosphere. Also, we demonstrate that the optically-thin or coronal approxiniation that is often used to analyze observed line intensities from high stages of ionization is reasonabl.y accurate only: 1) for C IV and higher carbon ions. and C III for T > 50, 000 K, and 2) for 0 V and higher oxygen ions, and 0 IV for T > 150, 000 K.. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Avrett, EH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-36-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 368 BP 81 EP 91 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ13 UT WOS:000247386700008 ER PT B AU Mackay, DH van Ballegooijen, AA AF Mackay, D. H. van Ballegooijen, A. A. BE Heinzel, P Dorotovic, I Rutten, RJ TI Models of the largo-scale corona: Formation, evolution and lift-off of magnetic flux ropes SO PHYSICS OF CHROMOSPHERIC PLASMAS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting on the Physics of Chromospheric Plasmas CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra C1 [Mackay, D. H.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [van Ballegooijen, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mackay, DH (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. FU UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council; SHRIF/PPARC FX D. H. M. would like to thank the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council for financial support. The simulations were carried out on a SHRIF/PPARC-funded supercomputer located in St. Andrews. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-36-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 368 BP 251 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ13 UT WOS:000247386700036 ER PT B AU Mackay, DH van Ballegooijen, AA AF Mackay, D. H. van Ballegooijen, A. A. BE Heinzel, P Dorotovic, I Rutten, RJ TI Modeling the hemispheric pattern of solar filaments SO PHYSICS OF CHROMOSPHERIC PLASMAS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting on the Physics of Chromospheric Plasmas CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra ID QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB New results in modeling the hemispheric pattern of solar filaments are presented. The simulations consider what type of chirality forms along the Polarity Inversion Line (PIL) lying in between two magnetic bipoles as they interact. The results demonstrate not only the origin of the dominant hemispheric pattern, but also why exceptions to it occur. The dominant hemispheric pattern may be attributed to the dominant range of bipole tilt angles and helicities in each hemisphere (Wang & Sheeley 1989; Pevtsov et al. 1995). Exceptions to the hemispheric pattern occur in cases of no initial helicity or for helicity of the minority type in each hemisphere, when large positive bipole tilt angles are used. As the simulations show a clear dependence of the chirality on observational quantities, this may be used to check the validity of the results. C1 [Mackay, D. H.] Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [van Ballegooijen, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MD USA. RP Mackay, DH (reprint author), Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. FU UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council FX D. H. M. would like to thank the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council for financial support. The simulations were carried out on a SHRIF/PPARC-funded supercomputer located in Saint Andrews. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-36-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 368 BP 343 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ13 UT WOS:000247386700049 ER PT J AU Kalko, EKV AF Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Fruits and bats: Supply and demand in the tropical rainforest SO PHYTON-ANNALES REI BOTANICAE LA English DT Article ID CAROLLIA-PERSPICILLATA; EATING BATS; ECHOLOCATION; OLFACTION; PHYLLOSTOMIDAE; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; CASTANEA C1 Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol Anim, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kalko, EKV (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol Anim, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM Elisabeth.Kalko@uni-ulm.de NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FERDINAND BERGER SOEHNE PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, A-3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0079-2047 J9 PHYTON-ANN REI BOT A JI Phyton-Ann. REI Bot. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 178KZ UT WOS:000247220900005 ER PT J AU Winter, K Holtum, JAM AF Winter, Klaus Holtum, Joseph A. M. TI Environment or development? Lifetime net CO2 exchange and control of the expression of crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; COMMON ICE PLANT; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS; DELTA-C-13 VALUES; CLUSIA-UVITANA; CELL-MEMBRANES; MESSENGER-RNA; WATER-CONTENT; SALT STRESS AB The relative influence of plant age and environmental stress signals in triggering a shift from C-3 photosynthesis to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in the annual halophytic C-3-CAM species Mesembryanthemum crystallinum was explored by continuously monitoring net CO2 exchange of whole shoots from the seedling stage until seed set. Plants exposed to high salinity (400 mM NaCl) in hydroponic culture solution or grown in saline-droughted soil acquired between 11% and 24% of their carbon via net dark CO2 uptake involving CAM. In contrast, plants grown under nonsaline, well-watered conditions were capable of completing their life cycle by operating in the C-3 mode without ever exhibiting net CO2 uptake at night. These observations are not consistent with the widely expressed view that the induction of CAM by high salinity in M. crystallinum represents an acceleration of preprogrammed developmental processes. Rather, our study demonstrates that the induction of the CAM pathway for carbon acquisition in M. crystallinum is under environmental control. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Winter, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. EM winterk@si.edu RI Holtum, Joseph/B-3063-2012 OI Holtum, Joseph/0000-0001-6568-8019 NR 68 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1104/pp.106.088922 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 124EP UT WOS:000243350600013 PM 17056756 ER PT J AU Martin, TG Chades, I Arcese, P Marra, PP Possingham, HP Norris, DR AF Martin, Tara G. Chades, Iadine Arcese, Peter Marra, Peter P. Possingham, Hugh P. Norris, D. Ryan TI Optimal Conservation of Migratory Species SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Migratory animals comprise a significant portion of biodiversity worldwide with annual investment for their conservation exceeding several billion dollars. Designing effective conservation plans presents enormous challenges. Migratory species are influenced by multiple events across land and sea-regions that are often separated by thousands of kilometres and span international borders. To date, conservation strategies for migratory species fail to take into account how migratory animals are spatially connected between different periods of the annual cycle (i.e. migratory connectivity) bringing into question the utility and efficiency of current conservation efforts. Methodology/Principal Findings. Here, we report the first framework for determining an optimal conservation strategy for a migratory species. Employing a decision theoretic approach using dynamic optimization, we address the problem of how to allocate resources for habitat conservation for a Neotropical-Nearctic migratory bird, the American redstart Setophaga ruticilla, whose winter habitat is under threat. Our first conservation strategy used the acquisition of winter habitat based on land cost, relative bird density, and the rate of habitat loss to maximize the abundance of birds on the wintering grounds. Our second strategy maximized bird abundance across the entire range of the species by adding the constraint of maintaining a minimum percentage of birds within each breeding region in North America using information on migratory connectivity as estimated from stable-hydrogen isotopes in feathers. We show that failure to take into account migratory connectivity may doom some regional populations to extinction, whereas including information on migratory connectivity results in the protection of the species across its entire range. Conclusions/Significance. We demonstrate that conservation strategies for migratory animals depend critically upon two factors: knowledge of migratory connectivity and the correct statement of the conservation problem. Our framework can be used to identify efficient conservation strategies for migratory taxa worldwide, including insects, birds, mammals, and marine organisms. C1 [Martin, Tara G.; Arcese, Peter; Norris, D. Ryan] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Chades, Iadine] INRA, UR875, Unite Biometrie & Intelligence Artificielle, F-31931 Toulouse, France. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Dept Math, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Norris, D. Ryan] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Martin, TG (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM Tara.Martin@ubc.ca RI Chades, iadine/A-4052-2011; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Norris, Ryan/F-4720-2011; Martin, Tara/M-1897-2016 OI Chades, iadine/0000-0002-7442-2850; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Martin, Tara/0000-0001-7165-9812 FU NSERC; Killam Memorial Foundation; Centre for Applied Conservation Research; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Australian Research Council FX This work was supported by NSERC ( R.N., P. A., T. G. M.), Killam Memorial Foundation ( R.N.), Centre for Applied Conservation Research ( T. G. M), Smithsonian Institution ( P. P. M., R.N.), National Science Foundation ( P. P. M.), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( I. C.), and the Australian Research Council ( H. P. P). NR 23 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 11 U2 93 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PY 2007 VL 2 IS 8 AR e751 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000751 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HN UT WOS:000207455200027 PM 17710150 ER PT J AU Forman, P AF Forman, Paul BE Gavroglu, K Renn, J TI FROM THE SOCIAL TO THE MORAL TO THE SPIRITUAL: THE POSTMODERN EXALTATION OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE SO POSITIONING THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE SE Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Forman, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5420-4 J9 BOST STUD PHILOS SCI PY 2007 VL 248 BP 49 EP 55 D2 10.1007/1-4020-5420-3 PG 7 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Philosophy SC History & Philosophy of Science; Philosophy GA BLP70 UT WOS:000270734800009 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. TI Ecology, distribution, and conservation biology of the tiger beetle Cicindela patruela consentanea Dejean (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Cicindelinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cicindela patruela; tiger beetle; conservation; distribution; habitat characterization; habitat management AB The tiger beetle Cicindela patruela consentanea Dejean is known only from the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the United States, where it is closely associated with pine and oak barrens ecosystems. Historic collecting records document the past presence or this subspecies at multiple sites in New Jersey and Long Island, while single specimens are also known from Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. This tiger beetle apparently has been extirpated from much of its former range, and extant populations are known only from sites within state forests and state wildlife management areas in the Pine Barrens region of New Jersey. Soil, vegetation, and forest stand characteristics were studied at four sites occupied by populations of C p. consentanea in 2004, 2005, and 2006. Observations on adult biology and population dynamics are reported. Adult beetles were active along sandy trails and firebreaks in pine-oak woodlands dominated by Pinus rigida Miller (Pinaceae) and several Quercus species (Fagaceae), primarily Quercus ilicifolia Wangenheim. The use of prescribed fire as a forest management tool was evident at three of the four sites. Management activities which may benefit these populations include the continuation of prescribed burns as well as routine trail and firebreak maintenance. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jonathan.mawdsley@nfwf.org NR 24 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 126AF UT WOS:000243483900003 ER PT J AU Furth, DG AF Furth, David G. TI A new genus and species of flea beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Alticinae) from the rainforest canopy in Costa Rica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE La Selva; ALAS Project; morphology; rainforest canopy fogging; Sphaeronychini; Monoplatini AB Laselva, n. gen, and Laselva triplehorni, n. sp., are described and illustrated from the canopy of a lowland Atlantic rainforest in Costa Rica. The genus belongs to the "Sphaeronychini" of the Alticinae. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Furth, DG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 165, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM furthd@si.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 126AF UT WOS:000243483900012 ER PT J AU Branduardi-Raymont, G Bhardwaj, A Elsner, RF Gladstone, GR Ramsay, G Rodriguez, P Soria, R Waite, JH Cravens, TE AF Branduardi-Raymont, Grazillea Bhardwaj, Anil Elsner, Ronald F. Gladstone, G. Randall Ramsay, Gavin Rodriguez, Pedro Soria, Roberto Waite, J. Hunter, Jr. Cravens, Thomas E. TI Thermal and non-thermal components of the X-ray emission from Jupiter SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID XMM-NEWTON AB Recent XMM-Newton and Chandra observations have revealed that Jupiter's X-ray emission comprises both, thermal and non-thermal spectral components. While the emission from the low-latitude planetary disk has the properties of scattered solar X-rays, with a thermal spectrum and typical coronal emission lines, the auroral soft (< 2 keV) X-rays are thought to be produced by ion charge exchange; very recently, a higher energy auroral component has been revealed by XMM-Newton: this is attributed to energetic electron bremsstrahlung, is dominant above keV, and is variable, displaying both thermal and non-thermal characteristics. The disk and soft X-ray auroral components are separated spectroscopically in the high resolution data provided by the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer. Our results on the morphology, dynamics and energetics of the aurorae support current models developed to explain Jupiter's complex magnetosphere. C1 [Branduardi-Raymont, Grazillea; Ramsay, Gavin; Soria, Roberto] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Bhardwaj, Anil] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, SPL, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Elsner, Ronald F.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Gladstone, G. Randall] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Rodriguez, Pedro] XMM Newton SOC, Madrid 28080, Spain. [Soria, Roberto] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Waite, J. Hunter, Jr.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cravens, Thomas E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Branduardi-Raymont, G (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. OI Bhardwaj, Anil/0000-0003-1693-453X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900020 ER PT J AU Ness, JU Starrfield, S Page, KL Osborne, JP Beardmore, AP Drake, JJ AF Ness, Jan-Uwe Starrfield, Sumner Page, Kim L. Osborne, Julian P. Beardmore, Andy P. Drake, Jeremy J. TI The phases of X-ray emission of RS Oph SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID SYMBIOTIC STARS; RECURRENT NOVAE; OPHIUCHI; OUTBURST; MODELS AB The recurrent symbiotic nova RS Oph reoccurred after 21 years on 12 February 2006. In contrast to the 1985 outburst, much denser coverage with X-ray observations was achieved. Swift observed RS Oph up to several times a day while Chandra and XMM-Newton observed two to four times during each phase of evolution. While the Swift observations provide high resolution in time, the Chandra and XMM-Newton observations provide high spectral resolution. Refined models can be constrained by the grating spectra, and interpolation of the model parameters can be constrained by the wealth of Swift observations. We compared the Swift light curve with six X-ray observations taken with EXOSA T during the 1985 outburst. We found that the decay from the supersoft X-ray binary (SSS) phase had been observed. C1 [Ness, Jan-Uwe; Starrfield, Sumner] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Page, Kim L.; Osborne, Julian P.; Beardmore, Andy P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Drake, Jeremy J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ness, JU (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Jan-Uwe.Ness@asu.edu; sumner.starrfield@asu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900044 ER PT J AU Abrahams, RD AF Abrahams, Roger D. BE Baron, R Spitzer, N TI The Public, the Folklorist, and the Public Folklorist SO PUBLIC FOLKLORE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Abrahams, Roger D.] Univ Penn, Folklore Programs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Abrahams, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Abrahams, Roger D.] Philadelphia Folklore Project, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Abrahams, RD (reprint author), Univ Penn, Folklore Programs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS MISSISSIPPI PI JACKSON PA 3825 RIDGEWOOD RD, JACKSON, MS 39211 USA BN 978-1-60473-316-7 PY 2007 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BZF38 UT WOS:000301356100003 ER PT J AU Abrahams, RD AF Abrahams, Roger D. BE Baron, R Spitzer, N TI The Foundations of American Public Folklore SO PUBLIC FOLKLORE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Abrahams, Roger D.] Univ Penn, Folklore Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Abrahams, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Abrahams, Roger D.] Philadelphia Folklore Project, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Abrahams, RD (reprint author), Univ Penn, Folklore Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS MISSISSIPPI PI JACKSON PA 3825 RIDGEWOOD RD, JACKSON, MS 39211 USA BN 978-1-60473-316-7 PY 2007 BP 245 EP 262 PG 18 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BZF38 UT WOS:000301356100015 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, I Crowell, AL AF Hutchinson, Ian Crowell, Aron L. TI Recurrence and extent of great earthquakes in southern Alaska during the late holocene from an analysis of the radiocarbon record of land-level change and village abandonment SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID WILLIAM-SOUND EARTHQUAKE; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; EASTERN ALEUTIAN ARC; UPPER COOK INLET; GULF-OF-ALASKA; AGE CALIBRATION; LATE-QUATERNARY; DEFORMATION; PLATE; PENINSULA AB The incidence of plate-boundary earthquakes across 3 prospective tectonic segments at the Alaska subduction zone (ASZ) in the late Holocene is reconstructed from geological evidence of abrupt land-level change and archaeological evidence of discontinuities in occupation of native villages. Bracketing radiocarbon ages on uplifted and down-dropped coastal deposits indicate that great earthquakes likely ruptured the plate interface in the eastern segment (Prince William Sound [PWS]) about 800, 1400, 2200-2300, 2600-2700, 3100-3200, and 3600-3700 cal BP. Evidence for an event about 1900 yr ago, and the possibility that the 2600-2700 cal BP event was a closely spaced series of 3 earthquakes, is restricted to parts of Cook Inlet. Geological evidence from the central (Kenai [KEN]) segment is fragmentary, but indicates that this segment likely ruptured about 1400 yr ago and in the triple event about 2600-2700 yr ago. The geological record from the Kodiak-Katmai (KOKA) segment at the western end of the ASZ has limited time-depth, with localized evidence for ruptures about 500, 1000, and 1300 yr ago. C-14 ages and stratigraphic descriptions from 82 prehistoric villages and camps on the coast of the Gulf of Alaska reveal fluctuations in site activity that correlate with paleoseismic episodes. Hiatuses in site occupation occurred about 800, 1400, and 2200 yr ago in the PWS and KEN segments. The fragmentary older record from the KEN segment also reveals a hiatus about 2700 yr ago. The 2200-2300 and 2600-2700 cal BP events are also recorded in the KOKA segment, and the great earthquake at about 3200 cal BP may also be recorded there. This suggests that, although the PWS and KEN segments behave as a coherent unit of the Alaska megathrust, the KOKA segment is characterized by semi-independent behavior. At least 2, and perhaps as many as 4, of the last 7 prehistoric great earthquakes at this plate boundary did not propagate this far west. C1 [Hutchinson, Ian] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Crowell, Aron L.] Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Hutchinson, I (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM ianh@sfu.ca NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1323 EP 1385 PG 63 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258US UT WOS:000252895600011 ER PT J AU Crosier, AE Marker, L Howard, J Pukazhenthi, BS Henghali, JN Wildt, DE AF Crosier, Adrienne E. Marker, Laurie Howard, JoGayle Pukazhenthi, Budhan S. Henghali, Josephine N. Wildt, David E. TI Ejaculate traits in the Namibian cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus): influence of age, season and captivity SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Africa; carnivore; felid; seasonality; semen; spermatogenesis ID NORTH-AMERICAN ZOOS; DOMESTIC CAT; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; SEMEN PRODUCTION; CLOUDED LEOPARD; SIBERIAN TIGERS; SPERMATOZOA; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; SPERM AB The objective was to examine the influence of animal age, season and captivity status on seminal quality in wild-born cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in Namibia, Africa. Animals were divided into three age categories: juvenile (14-24 months; n= 16 males, 23 ejaculates); adult (25-120 months; n= 76 males, 172 ejaculates); and aged (> 120 months; n= 5 males, 5 ejaculates). Seasons were categorised into hot-wet (January-April), cold-dry (May-August) and hot dry (September-December). A comparison between freshly wild-caught ( n= 29 males, 41 ejaculates) and captive-held cheetahs (n= 68 males, 159 ejaculates) was also conducted. Raw ejaculates contained 69.0 +/- 1.1% motile spermatozoa (mean +/- s.e.m.) with 73.6 +/- 1.5% of these cells containing an intact acrosome. Overall, 18.4 +/- 0.9% of spermatozoa were morphologically normal, with midpiece anomalies being the most prevalent (similar to 39%) defect. Juvenile cheetahs produced ejaculates with poorer sperm motility, forward progressive status, lower seminal volume and fewer total motile spermatozoa than adult and aged animals. Spermatogenesis continued unabated throughout the year and was minimally influenced by season. Proportions of sperm malformations were also not affected by season. Ejaculates from captive cheetahs had increased volume and intact acrosomes, but lower sperm density than wild-caught counterparts. In summary, Namibian cheetahs produce an extraordinarily high proportion of pleiomorphic spermatozoa regardless of age, season or living (captive versus free-ranging) status. Young males less than 2 years of age produce poorer ejaculate quality than adult and aged males. Because (1) all study animals were wild born and (2) there was little difference between freshly caught males and those maintained in captivity for protracted periods, our results affirm that teratospermia in the cheetah is mostly genetically derived. It also appears that an ex situ environment for the Namibian cheetah can ensure sperm quality comparable with that for free-living males. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Cheetah Conservat Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia. RP Crosier, AE (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, 1500 Remt Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM crosiera@si.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00135] NR 62 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 36 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 EI 1448-5990 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 370 EP 382 DI 10.1071/RD06057 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 130GX UT WOS:000243789000006 PM 17257524 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Selvaraj, V Pukazhenthi, B Travis, AJ AF Kim, Yeunhee Selvaraj, Vimal Pukazhenthi, Budhan Travis, Alexander J. TI Effect of donor age on success of spermatogenesis in feline testis xenografts SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GERM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; BOVINE TESTICULAR TISSUE; MOUSE TESTES; STEM-CELL; MICE; RAT; TRANSMISSION; METABOLISM; MATURATION; SPERMATIDS AB Ectopic xenografting of ` donor' feline testicular tissue into a ` recipient' immunodeficient mouse is a promising tool to preserve the male genome from genetically valuable felids. To define parameters under which the technique can succeed, we compared the effect of donor age on xenograft spermatogenesis among four age groups of domestic cats ( Felis catus; age range 8 weeks to 15 months). In all cases, fresh tissue was grafted into castrated mice and collected 10, 30 and 50 weeks later. The percentage of xenografts recovered decreased as donor age increased. Mature testicular spermatozoa were observed in xenografts from the 8 and 9 - 16 week age groups; only a single 7- month- old donor produced elongating spermatids and xenografts from donors = 8 months of age degenerated. Seminal vesicle weight, an indicator of bioactive testosterone, was not significantly different between donors aged 8 weeks to 7 months and controls, suggesting that xenograft Leydig cells were ultimately functional even in the 5 - 7 month age group. Regardless of donor age, production of mature spermatozoa from xenografts was markedly delayed compared with controls. Comparison of xenografts that produced sperm with normal controls revealed a decrease in tubule cross- sections having post- meiotic germcells. Together, these results indicate that the maximum practical donor age was just before the onset of puberty and that even successful xenografts had abnormalities in spermatogenesis. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Travis, AJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ajt32@cornell.edu NR 31 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 7 BP 869 EP 876 DI 10.1071/RD07056 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 207LJ UT WOS:000249252300011 PM 17897590 ER PT J AU Gehrz, RD Roellig, TL Werner, MW Fazio, GG Houck, JR Low, FJ Rieke, GH Soifer, BT Levine, DA Romana, EA AF Gehrz, R. D. Roellig, T. L. Werner, M. W. Fazio, G. G. Houck, J. R. Low, F. J. Rieke, G. H. Soifer, B. T. Levine, D. A. Romana, E. A. TI The NASA Spitzer Space Telescope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; POINTING CALIBRATION; REFERENCE SENSOR; BROWN DWARF; REDUCTION ALGORITHMS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; EXTRASOLAR PLANET AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility) is the fourth and final facility in the Great Observatories Program, joining Hubble Space Telescope (1990), the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (1991-2000), and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (1999). Spitzer, with a sensitivity that is almost three orders of magnitude greater than that of any previous ground-based and space-based infrared observatory, is expected to revolutionize our understanding of the creation of the universe, the formation and evolution of primitive galaxies, the origin of stars and planets, and the chemical evolution of the universe. This review presents a brief overview of the scientific objectives and history of infrared astronomy. We discuss Spitzer's expected role in infrared astronomy for the new millennium. We describe pertinent details of the design, construction, launch, in-orbit checkout, and operations of the observatory and summarize some science highlights from the first two and a half years of Spitzer operations. More information about Spitzer can be found at http://spitzer.caltech.edu/. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gehrz, RD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St,SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gehrz@astro.umn.edu; thomas.l.roellig@nasa.gov; mwerner@sirtfweb.jpl.nasa.gov; gfazio@cfa.harvard.edu; houck@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu; flow@as.arizona.edu; grieke@as.arizona.edu; bts@irastro.caltech.edu; erom@earthlink.net NR 70 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 011302 DI 10.1063/1.2431313 PG 38 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300002 PM 17503900 ER PT J AU Solis, MA AF Solis, M. Alma TI Phylogenetic studies and modern classification of the Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) SO REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE Pyralidae; Crambidae; morphology; cladistic analyses; searchable on-line catalogs ID LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM SCHIZAEACEAE; LAST-INSTAR LARVAE; COSTA-RICA; SPILOMELINI LEPIDOPTERA; COMPLEX LEPIDOPTERA; GENUS LEPIDOPTERA; TYMPANIC ORGANS; PYRALIDAE; CRAMBIDAE; PHYCITINAE AB Pyraloidea, the third largest superfamily of the Lepidoptera, is comprised of two families - Pyralidae and Crambidae. The history of families previously placed in the Pyraloidea is discussed. The group now includes about 16,000 species worldwide. Morphologically, the superfamily is defined by a basally scaled proboscis and the presence of abdominal tympanal organs. The larvae of many species are economically important pests of crops (e. g.: sugarcane, corn, rice), and stored products such as seeds and grains. Currently 22 subfamilies comprise the Pyraloidea; only the 19 subfamilies that occur in the Western Hemisphere are discussed. There is a paucity of recent research using cladistic methods and phylogenetic analyses across all taxa. C1 USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Syst Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Syst Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, PO Box 37012,E-517,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov NR 97 TC 13 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC COLOMBIANA ENTOMOLOGIA-SOCOLEN PI SANTAFE DE BOGOTA PA APARTADO AEREO 11366, SANTAFE DE BOGOTA, D.C. 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0120-0488 J9 REV COLOMB ENTOMOL JI Rev. Colomb. Entomol. PD JAN-JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 218JW UT WOS:000250012800001 ER PT J AU Leigh, EG Hladik, A Hladik, CM Jolly, A AF Leigh, Egbert Giles, Jr. Hladik, Annette Hladik, Claude Marcel Jolly, Alison TI The biogeography of large islands, or how does the size of the ecological theater affect the evolutionary play? SO REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE LA French DT Review ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; PROPITHECUS-DIADEMA-EDWARDSI; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; NEW-ZEALAND BIOTA; RAIN-FOREST TREE; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NEW-CALEDONIA; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; TROPICAL FOREST AB We compare selected aspects of the biotas of long-isolated islands ranging in size from Reunion to early Pliocene South America, focusing on Madagascar, New Zealand, New Caledonia and the Hawaiian Islands. Although Madagascar and New Zealand were joined to larger land masses less than 90 million years ago, their biotas arc overwhelmingly dominated by descendants of colonists from overseas. The size of a long-isolated land mass decisively influences major features of its ecosystem. On smaller islands, extinction is more likely, colonization is rarer, and there are fewer opportunities for diversification. The largest herbivores and the largest carnivores are smaller on smaller islands. Reduced diversity, lower predation pressure and diminished evolutionary innovation reduce the severity of competition on smaller islands: their plants are less well defended against vertebrate herbivores, and their primary productivity is lower, while their annuals are longer-lived, less fecund, and have lower basal metabolism than mainland ecological counterparts. Herbivores arc most likely to evolve convergently with counterparts on other land masses with predators of similar size and/or efficiency. Thus sloth lemurs converged on tree sloths, Megaladapis on koalas, and moa-nalos on moas and elephant birds. The degree of an island's isolation also affects its ecosystem's characteristics. More isolated islands receive fewer immigrants, so diversity is lower on more isolated islands, especially small islands with high risks of extinction. Fewer mainland immigrants, whose efficiency was tested against a variety of competitors and well-defended prey, reach more isolated islands, so competition is less intense on these islands, and these islands' predators are less efficient. Smaller size and greater isolation therefore make a land mass more invasible. Islands with the fewest predators and the slowest pace of life are most likely to be catastrophically disrupted by mainland invaders. All these phenomena have analogues in human economies. As a rule, economies with higher total production support more intense competition, more innovation, a greater diversity of occupations, a faster pace of life, and greater productivity per capita. C1 [Leigh, Egbert Giles, Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. [Hladik, Annette; Hladik, Claude Marcel] CNRS, F-91800 Brunoy, France. [Hladik, Annette; Hladik, Claude Marcel] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-91800 Brunoy, France. [Jolly, Alison] Univ Sussex, Sch Biol Sci, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. RP Leigh, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. NR 447 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 27 PU SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE PI PARIS 5 PA 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE SN 0249-7395 J9 REV ECOL-TERRE VIE JI Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 168 PG 64 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 262FM UT WOS:000253134400001 ER PT J AU Rakotonirina, B Jeannoda, VH Leigh, EG AF Rakotonirina, Benja Jeannoda, Vololoniaina Harimanga Leigh, Egbert Giles, Jr. TI Impacts on tree diversity in a Malagasy lowland rainforest of soil type, a devastating cyclone and an invading pioneer SO REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE LA French DT Article ID HABITAT SPECIALIZATION; HURRICANE DISTURBANCE; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; LEAF TEMPERATURE C1 [Rakotonirina, Benja; Jeannoda, Vololoniaina Harimanga] Fac Sci, Dept Biol & Ecol Vegetales, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Leigh, Egbert Giles, Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Rakotonirina, B (reprint author), Fac Sci, Dept Biol & Ecol Vegetales, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE PI PARIS 5 PA 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE SN 0249-7395 J9 REV ECOL-TERRE VIE JI Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 363 EP 368 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255BK UT WOS:000252631500007 ER PT S AU Stauffer, JR Mannings, V Levine, D Chary, RR Wilson, G Lacy, M Grillmair, C Carey, S Stolovy, S Ciardi, D Hora, J AF Stauffer, John R. Mannings, Vincent Levine, Deborah Chary, Ranga Ram Wilson, Gillian Lacy, Mark Grillmair, Carl Carey, Sean Stolovy, Susan Ciardi, David Hora, Joe BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI The Spitzer warm mission science prospects SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; exoplanets; AGN; galaxy clusters; asteroids; star-formation regions; protostars ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; STELLAR MASSES; LEGACY SURVEY; DEEP SURVEY; LIGHT CURVES; GALAXIES; SWIRE; ATMOSPHERES AB After exhaustion of its cryogen, the Spitzer Space telescope will still have a fully functioning two-channel mid-IR camera that will have sensitivities better than any other ground or spacebased telescopes until the launch of JWST. This document provides a description of the expected capabilities of Spitzer during its warm mission phase, and provides brief descriptions of several possible very large science programs that could be conducted. This information is intended to serve as input to a wide ranging discussion of the warm mission science, leading up to the Warm Mission Workshop in June 2007. C1 [Stauffer, John R.; Mannings, Vincent; Levine, Deborah; Chary, Ranga Ram; Wilson, Gillian; Lacy, Mark; Grillmair, Carl; Carey, Sean; Stolovy, Susan] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, 314-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ciardi, David] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hora, Joe] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. RP Stauffer, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, 314-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Ciardi, David/0000-0002-5741-3047 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX This work is based (in part) on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 43 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800003 ER PT S AU Deming, D Agol, E Charbonneau, D Cowan, N Knutson, H Marengo, M AF Deming, Drake Agol, Eric Charbonneau, David Cowan, Nicolas Knutson, Heather Marengo, Massimo BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI Observations of extrasolar planets during the non-Cryogenic Spitzer space telescope mission SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; extrasolar planets ID HOT JUPITER; HD 209458B; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SECONDARY ECLIPSE; EPSILON-ERIDANI; INFRARED RADIUS; N2K CONSORTIUM; NEARBY; DWARF; STAR AB Precision infrared photometry from Spitzer has enabled the first direct studies of light from extrasolar planets, via observations at secondary eclipse in transiting systems. Current Spitzer results include the first longitudinal temperature map of an extrasolar planet, and the first spectra of their atmospheres. Spitzer has also measured a temperature and precise radius for the first transiting Neptune-sized exoplanet and is beginning to make precise transit timing, measurements to infer the existence of unseen low mass planets. The lack of stellar limb darkening in the infrared facilitates precise radius and transit timing measurements of transiting planets. Warm Spitzer will be capable of a precise radius measurement for Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M-dwarfs, thereby constraining their bulk composition. It will continue to measure thermal emission at secondary eclipse for transiting hot Jupiters, and be able to distinguish between planets having broad band emission vs. absorption spectra. It will also be able to measure the orbital phase variation of thermal emission for close-in planets, even non-transiting planets, and these measurements will be of special interest for planets in eccentric orbits. Warm Spitzer will be a significant complement to Kepler, particularly as regards transit timing in the Kepler field. In addition to studying close-in planets, Warm Spitzer will have significant application in sensitive imaging searches for young planets at relatively large angular separations from their parent stars. C1 [Deming, Drake] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Agol, Eric; Cowan, Nicolas] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Charbonneau, David; Knutson, Heather] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marengo, Massimo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deming, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI /0000-0002-0802-9145 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 89 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800005 ER PT S AU Benjamin, RA Draine, BT Indebetouw, R Lada, CJ Majewski, SR Reid, IN Skrutskie, MF AF Benjamin, R. A. Draine, B. T. Indebetouw, R. Lada, C. J. Majewski, S. R. Reid, I. N. Skrutskie, M. F. BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI The Warm Spitzer Mission: Opportunities to study galactic structure and the interstellar medium SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; ISM; stars; galaxy : structure; galaxy : stellar content ID SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION REGION; SKY SURVEY VIEW; MILKY-WAY; CANIS-MAJOR; TRIANGULUM-ANDROMEDA; OUTER GALAXY; OVER-DENSITY; GLIMPSE; BAR AB The Spitzer Space Telescope Warm Mission capability, specifically broadband IRAC imaging at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m, provides a unique opportunity to probe the content and structure of the Milky Way's disk, particularly along lines of sight that suffer significant interstellar obscuration. This white paper examines the factors that favor and constrain the application of a warm Spitzer to Galactic structure and interstellar medium science. Although the paper briefly discusses some specific survey choices, its primary purpose is to highlight the value of an extended Spitzer mission and outline the factors that might influence the construction of a large proposal focused on Galactic science in the future. C1 [Benjamin, R. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Draine, B. T.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Indebetouw, R.; Majewski, S. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Lada, C. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reid, I. N.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Benjamin, RA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. OI Draine, Bruce/0000-0002-0846-936X FU Spitzer Science Center FX The authors would hke to acknowledge the hard work and support of the Spitzer Science Center in making this contribution possible. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 101 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800006 ER PT S AU Knapp, GR Allen, PR Ivezic, Z Marengo, M Mullally, F Szkody, P AF Knapp, Gillian R. Allen, Peter R. Ivezic, Zelko Marengo, Massimo Mullally, Fergal Szkody, Paula BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI Stellar astronomy in the Warm Spitzer Era SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; stellar atmospheres; brown dwarfs; mass loss ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; DA WHITE-DWARFS; T-DWARFS; BROWN DWARF; CARBON STARS; DUSTY DISK; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; LIGHT CURVES AB We consider the impact on the study of normal stars of large-scale pointed and mapping observations at 3.6 mu m and 4.5 mu m with the Spitzer IRAC imager. Deep observations at these wavelengths are particularly sensitive to very cool stellar and substellar objects, both as companions to other stars and in the field. A wide-angle survey can be expected to detect 50 - 100 cool T dwarfs and up to 5 "Y" dwarfs in the field, and AGB stars throughout the Galactic halo. Pointed observations of white dwarfs at these wavelengths will be sensitive to unresolved cool companions and to circumstellar dust disk remnants of planetary system objects. The cumulative photometry of normal stars in the imaging fields will be invaluable for understanding stellar colors and atmospheres. C1 [Knapp, Gillian R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Allen, Peter R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ivezic, Zelko; Szkody, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marengo, Massimo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mullally, Fergal] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mullally, Fergal] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Knapp, GR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 157 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800009 ER PT B AU Chilingarian, I Bonnarel, F Louys, M McDowell, J AF Chilingarian, I. Bonnarel, F. Louys, M. McDowell, J. BE KisslerPatig, M Walsh, JR Roth, MM TI Handling IFU datasets in the virtual observatory SO SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES FOR 3D SPECTROSCOPY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop on Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy CY OCT 10-14, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY SP ESO DE virtual observatory; data archives; data modelling; IFU data AB We propose a formalised description of IFU datasets sufficient for providing data discovery, access and processing in the Virtual Observatory framework. C1 [Chilingarian, I.] CRAL Observ Lyon, Lyon, France. [Chilingarian, I.] Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Bonnarel, F.; Louys, M.] CDS, Observ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [McDowell, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Chilingarian, I (reprint author), CRAL Observ Lyon, Lyon, France. RI Chilingarian, Igor/N-5117-2016 OI Chilingarian, Igor/0000-0002-7924-3253 FU workshop; VO-France; INTAS [04-83-3618] FX We appreciate the organizing committee support provided to IC for attending the workshop, and support provided by VO-France. IC is supported by the INTAS PhD fellowship 04-83-3618. We also thank IVOA Data Modelling working group for fruitful discussions concerning characterisation of 3D datasets. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73490-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73491-8_5 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BGZ29 UT WOS:000251479500005 ER PT B AU Labandeira, CC AF Labandeira, Conrad C. BE Bromley, RG Buatois, LA Mangano, G Genise, JF Melchor, RN TI ASSESSING THE FOSSIL RECORD OF PLANT-INSECT ASSOCIATIONS: ICHNODATA VERSUS BODY-FOSSIL DATA SO SEDIMENT-ORGANISM INTERACTIONS: A MULTIFACTED ICHNOLOGY SE SEPM SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress on Ichnology CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL Museo Paleontol Egidio Ferugl, Trelew, ARGENTINA HO Museo Paleontol Egidio Ferugl ID PENNSYLVANIAN TREE FERNS; FEEDING STRATEGIES; RIVER FORMATION; LEAF MINES; GALLS; USA; LEPIDOPTERA; POLLINATION; HERBIVORY; PSARONIUS AB Two basic approaches are used to assess the paleobiology of continental associations between insect herbivores and their host plants. First is a biological approach that emphasizes phylogeny of extant representatives of lineages with fossil records. Second is a paleobiological approach that provides intrinsic evaluation of fossil associational evidence, of which there are several types of studies. One type of study is intensive examination of single insect-herbivore associations that involve a continuum from generalists to specialists requiring detailed autecological deductions about life habits. Another tack is assessment of herbivore damage patterns from selected plant hosts through slices of time for understanding the ecological evolution of a component community. Alternatively, comprehensive analyses call be made of the feeding patterns within a single or a series of regional floras. The record of plant-insect associations has five advantages. Associational data (1) are typically present in deposits that lack insect body fossils; (2) often surpass in abundance and usefulness insect body fossils in the same deposit; (3) frequently antedate their respective insect body fossils; (4) provide invaluable behavioral data that are unavailable from body fossils; and (5) supply crucial data for testing hypotheses in paleobiology and evolutionary biology that otherwise are unachievable. Disadvantages involve difficulties in circumscribing insect culprits, absence of extant ecological data to which fossil data cart be compared, and lack of attention by paleobotanists and botanists in collecting damaged specimens. An associational view of fossil land plants and insects provides a dynamic, process-oriented view of ecosystem evolution that is needed in paleobiology. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Labandeira, CC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM labandec@si.edu NR 130 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA BN 978-1-56576-129-2 J9 SEPM SPEC P PY 2007 VL 88 BP 9 EP 26 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA BJD38 UT WOS:000264979700002 ER PT B AU Slavin, JD AF Slavin, Jonathan D. BE Haverkorn, M Goss, WM TI Evaporation and thermal balance of tiny HI clouds SO Sins - Small Ionized and Neutral Structures in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Ionized and Neutral Structures in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM HO Natl Radio Astron Observ ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM AB We discuss the thermal evaporation of tiny H I clouds in the interstellar medium. Cold neutral clouds will take similar to 10(6)-10(7) yr to evaporate if they are embedded in warm neutral gas and about half as long if embedded in hot gas. Heat flux saturation effects severely reduce the evaporation rate of cold neutral medium (CNM) clouds into hot gas. For CNM clouds embedded in warm neutral medium (WNM) the much lower conductivity results in slower evaporation. This mass loss rate could still be significant, however, if the environment is relatively quiescent. Partial ionization of the WNM gas would substantially reduce the conductivity and lengthen the lifetime of the tiny Hi clouds. The ultimate importance of thermal conduction to cloud evolution will depend on the role of turbulence and the characteristics of the medium in which the clouds are embedded. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-33-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 365 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ35 UT WOS:000247411700017 ER PT J AU Noguchi, K Urita, N Hayashida, S Liu, X Chance, K AF Noguchi, Katsuyuki Urita, Naomi Hayashida, Sachiko Liu, Xiong Chance, Kelly TI Validation and Comparison of Tropospheric Column Ozone Derived from GOME Measurements with Ozonesondes over Japan SO SOLA LA English DT Article AB Tropospheric column ozone derived from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) measurements (GOME-O(3)) was validated using operational ozonesonde measurements over Japan and compared with Tropospheric Ozone Residual (TOR) derived from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet measurements. The GOME-O(3) validation showed positive biases with a magnitude of less than 3 DU (similar to 10%) and random errors of 5-9 DU (similar to 15-30%) at collocated sonde stations. GOME-O(3) showed better agreement with ozonesonde measurements over Japan than TOR did. The direct comparison between GOME-O(3) and TOR showed the underestimation of TOR during winter and spring in the southern part of Japan (around 30 degrees N). C1 [Noguchi, Katsuyuki; Urita, Naomi; Hayashida, Sachiko] Nara Womens Univ, Fac Sci, Nara 6308506, Japan. [Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Noguchi, K (reprint author), Nara Womens Univ, Fac Sci, Kita Uoya Nishi Machi, Nara 6308506, Japan. EM nogu@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan [B-051]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [17740312]; NASA; Smithsonian Institution FX This study was partly supported by the Global Environment Research Fund (B-051) by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), No. 17740312, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. We are grateful to anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments. The TOR dataset is available via the Web site (http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/TOR/data.html). Research at the Center for Astrophysics was supported by NASA and the Smithsonian Institution. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 1349-6476 J9 SOLA JI SOLA PY 2007 VL 3 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.2151/sola.2007-011 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V10JH UT WOS:000207459800011 ER PT J AU Parker, CR Flint, OS Jacobus, LM Kondratieff, BC McCafferty, WP Morse, JC AF Parker, Charles R. Flint, Oliver S., Jr. Jacobus, Luke M. Kondratieff, Boris C. McCafferty, W. Patrick Morse, John C. TI Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, and Trichoptera of Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Southeastern-Biologists CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2006 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Assoc SE Biol ID REVISIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS; EPHEMERELLIDAE; USA; CADDISFLIES; BAETIDAE; MAYFLIES; RECORDS; STREAMS AB Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), situated on the mountainous border of North Carolina and Tennessee, is recognized as one of the most highly diverse protected areas in the temperate region. In order to provide baseline data for the scientific management of GSMNP, an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) was initiated in 1998. Among the goals of the ATBI are to discover the identity and distribution of as many as possible of the species of life that occur in GSMNP. The authors have concentrated on the orders of completely aquatic insects other than odonates. We examined or utilized others' records of more than 53,600 adult and 78,000 immature insects from 545 locations. At present, 469 species are known from GSMNP, including 120 species of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), I I I species of Plecoptera (stoneflies), 7 species of Megaloptera (dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies), and 231 species of Trichoptera (caddisflies). Included in this total are 10 species new to science discovered since the ATBI began. C1 [Parker, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Great Smokies Field Stn, Gatlinburg, TN USA. [Flint, Oliver S., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Jacobus, Luke M.; McCafferty, W. Patrick] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. [Kondratieff, Boris C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morse, John C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Parker, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Smokies Field Stn, 1314 Cherokee Orchard Rd, Gatlinburg, TN USA. EM chuck_parker@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 SI 1 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[159:EPMATO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243JQ UT WOS:000251793000011 ER PT J AU Thorington, KK Bowman, R Fleischer, R AF Thorington, Katherine K. Bowman, Reed Fleischer, Robert TI Molothrus ater (Brown-headed Cowbird) lays egg in artificial nest in highlands County, Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PREDATION; PARASITISM; SELECTION; SEQUENCE AB On April 28, 2001, we found an unidentified egg in an artificial nest in Highlands County, FL. The artificial nests used in this study contained one Coturnix japonica (quail) egg and one tethered clay sham egg. The unidentified egg was added to the nest between days 12 and 18 of exposure. The quail egg was unmarked, but the sham was covered in small beak markings suggesting that a bird had manipulated it. Molothrus ater (Brown-headed Cowbirds) and M. bonariensis (Shiny Cowbirds) occur in the area, but Brown-headeds are far more common; however, we never observed either species near this particular artificial nest. An mtDNA sequence (300 base pairs of cytochrome b) amplified from this egg was compared to DNA sequences from GenBank, and we found a nearly perfect sequence match with the Brown-headed Cowbird. Parasitism by these birds in unattended and artificial nests is unusual, especially when host activity is not mimicked by researchers. This is the first record of Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism in Highlands County. C1 Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33870 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Thorington, KK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, POB 7325, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM thorkk2@wfu.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[559:MABCLE]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 215EB UT WOS:000249790000015 ER PT S AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. BE Tscharntke, T Leuschner, C Zeller, M Guhardja, E Bidin, A TI Ecosystem decay of Amazonian forest fragments: implications for conservation SO STABILITY OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST MARGINS: LINKING ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS OF LAND USE AND CONSERVATION SE Environmental Science and Engineering BS Environmental Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins CY SEP, 2005 CL Georg-August-Univ Goettingen, Goettingen, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn HO Georg-August-Univ Goettingen DE Amazon; edge effects; forest dynamics; habitat fragmentation; hunting; logging; microhabitat changes; rainforest; surface fires ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; TREE COMMUNITIES; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EUGLOSSINE BEES; BREEDING BIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB I summarize key findings from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, the world's largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation. Although initially designed to assess the influence of fragment area on Amazonian biotas, the project has yielded insights that go far beyond the original scope of the study. Results suggest that edge effects play a key role in fragment dynamics, that the matrix has a major influence on fragment connectivity and functioning, and that many Amazonian species avoid even small (< 100 m wide) clearings. The effects of fragmentation are highly eclectic, altering species richness and abundances, species invasions, forest dynamics, the trophic structure of communities, and a variety of ecological and ecosystem processes. Moreover, forest fragmentation appears to interact synergistically with ecological changes such as hunting, fires, and logging, collectively posing an even greater threat to the rainforest biota. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM laurancew@i.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 145 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1863-5520 BN 978-3-540-30289-6 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG JI Environ. Sci. Eng. PY 2007 BP 11 EP 37 PG 27 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BGM79 UT WOS:000248525000002 ER PT S AU Perfecto, I Armbrecht, I Philpott, SM Soto-Pinto, L Dietsch, TV AF Perfecto, Ivette Armbrecht, Inge Philpott, Stacy M. Soto-Pinto, Lorena Dietsch, Thomas V. BE Tscharntke, T Leuschner, C Zeller, M Guhardja, E Bidin, A TI Shaded coffee and the stability of rainforest margins in northern Latin America SO STABILITY OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST MARGINS: LINKING ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS OF LAND USE AND CONSERVATION SE Environmental Science and Engineering BS Environmental Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins CY SEP, 2005 CL Georg-August-Univ Goettingen, Goettingen, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn HO Georg-August-Univ Goettingen DE coffee agroecosystems; Latin America; certification programs; function of biodiversity; intensification ID TROPICAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN COSTA-RICA; TRAP-NESTING BEES; COUNTRYSIDE BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIRD COMMUNITIES; ANT DIVERSITY; LOS-TUXTLAS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES AB Most native forests in Latin America are highly fragmented. In the mid elevation areas of Northern Latin America, the agricultural matrix is frequently composed of coffee. In this region, coffee has been traditionally cultivated under the diverse canopy of shade trees, representing a high quality matrix that can contribute to the social and ecological stability of the region. This agroforestry system has been proven to be important for biodiversity conservation. Studies over the last fifteen years have shown that shaded coffee plantations maintain a high diversity of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. These organisms play an important role in the functioning of coffee agroecosystems. Shaded coffee plantations promote a high abundance and diversity of natural enemies that help to regulate herbivores, weeds and diseases. Shaded plantations also harbor a higher diversity of native pollinators which have been shown to contribute to higher coffee yields. Likewise, the diverse shade-tree component contributes to soil fertility and soil conservation and has been shown to contribute significantly to carbon sequestration. As a matrix, coffee agroforests also contribute to the conservation of biodiversity within forest fragments by promoting migration among fragments and facilitating a metapopulation structure. Three "sustainable" coffee certification programs have been developed to help farmers cope with the vagaries of the market: organic, fair-trade and biodiversity-friendly (or shade-grown). Although certified coffees still represent a small niche market, they have the potential to promote conservation and benefit the livelihoods of small producers. Especially under conditions of low international coffee prices, as those experienced in the first years of this century, these certification programs have contributed to the ecological and socio-economic stability of the coffee growing regions of northern Latin America. C1 [Perfecto, Ivette] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dana Bldg,440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Armbrecht, Inge] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali 25360, Colombia. [Philpott, Stacy M.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Soto-Pinto, Lorena] Colegio Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristobal, Carretera Panamericana Periferico Sur, Chiapas 29290, Mexico. [Dietsch, Thomas V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Perfecto, I (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dana Bldg,440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM perfecto@umich.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 185 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1863-5520 BN 978-3-540-30289-6 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG JI Environ. Sci. Eng. PY 2007 BP 227 EP + PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BGM79 UT WOS:000248525000012 ER PT B AU Devor, J Charbotmeau, D AF Devor, Jonathan Charbotmeau, David BE Babu, GJ Feigelson, ED TI A maximum likelihood method for identifying the components of eclipsing binary stars SO STATISTICAL CHALLENGES IN MODERN ASTRONOMY IV SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy Conference CY JUN 12-15, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB The Method for Eclipsing Component Identification (MECI) is an automated method for assigning the most likely absolute physical parameters to the components of an eclipsing binary (EB) star system. MECI is unique in that it requires only the photometric light curve and combined colors of an eclipsing binary star system. This method enables us to systematically analyze large photometric time-series survey datasets (e.g. OGLE, MACHO, TrES, HAT, and many others). It also enables the analysis of binaries that are faint due to their large distance or low intrinsic luminosity, for which obtaining multi-epoch spectroscopy would be difficult. We built an automated implementation of this method and publicly released its source code(1). We intend to use MECI to find rare and interesting systems, specifically low-mass binaries, for which the mass-radius relation is poorly understood. C1 [Devor, Jonathan; Charbotmeau, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Devor, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-240-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 371 BP 413 EP 414 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields; Statistics & Probability SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Mathematics GA BHB12 UT WOS:000252032000046 ER PT J AU Rincon, DA Arenas, JE Cuartas, CH Cardenas, AL Molinares, CE Caicedo, C Jaramillo, C AF Rincon, Daniel A. Arenas, Jose E. Cuartas, Carlos H. Cardenas, Andres L. Molinares, Carlos E. Caicedo, Claudia Jaramillo, Carlos TI Eocene-Pliocene planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy from the continental margin of the southwest Caribbean SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; PANAMA; AMERICA; EVENTS; BELT; ARC AB Biostratigraphy in northern Colombia has traditionally been done using foraminifera. Quantitative biostratigraphic techniques could improve the zonations that have been proposed for the region. We analyze the biostratigraphic information from 190 planktonic foraminifera species, and 1961 ditch-cutting samples from 26 oil wells in northern Colombia to produce a zonation for the region. A quantitative biostratigraphic technique known as Constrained Optimization was used to analyze the data. The proposed zonation relies exclusively on last occurrences, which are readily applied to petroleum exploration. It has thirteen zones and eight subzones for the Eocene to Pliocene interval. Three zones and two subzones are defined for the Eocene, three zones for the Oligocene, six zones and six subzones for the Miocene, and one zone for the Pliocene. The zonation reveals three major unconformities: (1) a late Eocene - early Oligocene hiatus; (2) a late Oligocene - early Miocene hiatus; and (3) a late Miocene hiatus; the hiatuses are related to the collision of the Caribbean with the South American plate. C1 [Rincon, Daniel A.; Arenas, Jose E.; Cuartas, Carlos H.; Cardenas, Andres L.; Molinares, Carlos E.; Caicedo, Claudia] Colombia Petr Inst, Biostratig Team, ICP ECOPETROL, Santander, Colombia. [Cuartas, Carlos H.; Molinares, Carlos E.] Univ EAFIT, Dept Geol, Medellin, Colombia. [Molinares, Carlos E.; Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Rincon, DA (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. EM daniel.rincon.martinez@awi.de OI Rincon, Daniel/0000-0002-5684-2130 NR 86 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 261 EP 311 PG 51 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 256YH UT WOS:000252765300001 ER PT J AU Ballard, MW AF Ballard, Mary W. TI Natural dyes: Sources, tradition, technology and science SO STUDIES IN CONSERVATION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ballard, Mary W.] Smithsonian Museum Conservat Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Ballard, MW (reprint author), Smithsonian Museum Conservat Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT INST CONSERVATION HISTORIC ARTISTIC WORKS PI LONDON PA 6 BUCKINGHAM ST, LONDON WC2N 6BA, ENGLAND SN 0039-3630 J9 STUD CONSERV JI Stud. Conserv. PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 295PE UT WOS:000255485600008 ER PT S AU Kirshner, RP AF Kirshner, Robert P. BE Immler, S Weiler, K McCray, R TI SN 1987A: Twenty years of serious fun with IUE and HST SO SUPERNOVA 1987A: 20 YEARS AFTER: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Supernova 1987A - 20 Years After CY FEB 19-23, 2007 CL Aspen, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Swift Sci Ctr, XMM Newton Guest Observ Cac, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Univ Colorado DE supernovae : general; supernovae-individual (SN 1987A) ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; SUPERNOVA 1987A; SN 1987A; DISTANCE AB Space-based observations of SN 1987A with IUE and then with HST have provided a clearer picture of its nature both through superb angular resolution and through access to its ultraviolet emission. The observations help establish the nature of the progenitor star, reveal evidence for mass loss before the explosion, constrain the physics of the explosion, illuminate radiative transfer through the disrupted star, and exhibit a remarkably wide range of physical mechanisms that produce the emission we see today. A long, dense, and thorough observational program has allowed us to trace the fading of SN 1987A over 20 years during which the flux has declined by a factor of 15,000,000. Future prospects for studying SN 1987A are bright-when HST is refurbished in 2008, the unsolved problems of SN 1987A will be a prime target for further investigation.. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kirshner, RP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0448-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 937 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGX54 UT WOS:000251154500002 ER PT S AU Kohri, K Takayama, F AF Kohri, Kazunori Takayama, Fumihiro BE Feng, JL TI Long lived charged massive particles and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE Big Bang Nucleosynthesis; long lived charged massive particles ID DARK-MATTER; UNIVERSE AB We consider Big Bang Nucleosynthesis(BBN) with long lived charged massive particles. Before decaying, the long lived massive particles recombines with a light element to form a bound state like a hydrogen atom. We discuss the possible change of primordial light element abundances due to formations of such bound states. C1 [Kohri, Kazunori] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Takayama, Fumihiro] Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kohri, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NNG04GL38G] FX F.T would like to thank Bryan T. Smith, Jonathan L. Feng, Jose A.R. Cembranos for discussions in the early stage of this work and Maxim Pospelov, Manoj Kaplinghat, Arvind Rajaraman for discussions in SUSY06 and Mikhail Shifman, Keith Olive for suggestions during my visit to their institute and Koichi Hamaguchi, Tsutomu Yanagida for discussions on stau catalysis fusion and Toichiro Kinoshita, Maxim Perelstein for valuable suggestions. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNG04GL38G. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 587 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700130 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Kuntner, M AF Agnarsson, Ingi Kuntner, Matjaz TI Taxonomy in a changing world: Seeking solutions for a science in crisis SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA BARCODES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY; ANELOSIMUS ARANEAE; BIODIVERSITY; THERIDIIDAE; IMPEDIMENT; EXTINCTION; MORPHOLOGY; REVISION C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Slovenia Acad Sci, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, NHB 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM iagnarsson@gmail.com; kuntner@gmail.com NR 50 TC 106 Z9 121 U1 5 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1088/10635150701424546 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 191YP UT WOS:000248168200008 PM 17562477 ER PT J AU Wood, KR Wagner, WL Motley, TJ AF Wood, Kenneth R. Wagner, Warren L. Motley, Timothy J. TI Labordia lorenciana (Loganiaceae): A new critically endangered species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian islands with comments on its conservation SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE conservation; Hawai'i; IUCN red list categories; Kaua'i; Labordia; Loganiaceae AB Labordia lorenciana is described and illustrated from Kaua'i, Hawai'i, U.S.A. This new species most closely resembles the O'ahu endemic species Labordia kaalae C. N. Forbes, from which it differs in having leaf bases deeply cordate to auriculate, adaxial leaf surfaces puberulent, and fruit valves 25-37 mm long, and longitudinally striate. Known from only four individuals, Labordia lorenciana is amongst ca. 120 other rare Hawaiian taxa that are limited to less than 50 individuals and is currently being cultivated for conservation. C1 Natl Trop Bot Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. New York Bot Garden, Lewis B & Dorothy Cullman Program Mol Systemat St, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. RP Wood, KR (reprint author), Natl Trop Bot Garden, 3530 Papalina Rd, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. EM kwood@ntbg.org NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1600/036364407780360184 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 142BC UT WOS:000244622500017 ER PT J AU Kuntner, M AF Kuntner, Matjaz TI A monograph of Nephilengys, the pantropical 'hermit spiders' (Araneae, Nephilidae, Nephilinae) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WEB-BUILDING SPIDERS; ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ARANEIDAE ARACHNIDA; CRUENTATA ARANEAE; TETRAGNATHIDAE; THERIDIIDAE; GENUS; RECONSTRUCTION; CONSTRUCTION AB The nephilid genus Nephilengys, known for its synanthropic habits, large webs with a retreat and the extreme sexual size dimorphism, is revised. Of the twenty-three available names, only four species with a globally allopatric distribution are recognized, illustrated and described from both sexes: N. cruentata (Fabricius, 1775) inhabits tropical Africa and South America, where it has probably been introduced; N. borbonica (Vinson, 1863) is found on Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles and the Mascarene Islands; N. malabarensis (Walckenaer, 1842) ranges from India and Sri Lanka to China, Japan and eastern Indonesia; N. papuana Thorell, 1881stat.n. is known from New Guinea and tropical Australia. Nephila instigans Butler, 1876 is the proposed syn.n. of N. borbonica; N. borbonica livida Vinson, 1863 is syn.n. of N. borbonica; N. niahensis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989 is syn.n. of N. malabarensis; N. rainbowi Hogg, 1899 is syn.n. of N. papuana. N. kenmorei Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, here proposed as a nomen dubium, is an araneid. Nephilengys biology is reviewed and its anatomy summarized for use in a phylogenetic analysis of 197 characters scored for all Nephilengys, selected nephilid species and non-nephilid outgroups. Two new clades are circumscribed, the 'cruentata species group' (with N. cruentata and N. borbonica) and the 'malabarensis species group' (with N. malabarensis and N. papuana). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Kuntner, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, Novi Trg 2,POB 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM kuntner@gmail.com NR 113 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 95 EP 135 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00348.x PG 41 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 119DQ UT WOS:000242992800008 ER PT S AU Owsley, DW Bruwelheide, KS Burgess, LE Billeck, WT AF Owsley, Douglas W. Bruwelheide, Karin S. Burgess, Laurie E. Billeck, William T. BE Chacon, RJ Dye, DH TI Human Finger and Hand Bone Necklaces from the Plains and Great Basin SO TAKING AND DISPLAYING OF HUMAN BODY PARTS AS TROPHIES BY AMERINDIANS SE Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Owsley, Douglas W.; Bruwelheide, Karin S.; Burgess, Laurie E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Billeck, William T.] Smithsonian Inst, Repatriat Off, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Owsley, DW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC 112, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM owsleyd@si.edu; bruwelka@si.edu; burgessl@si.edu; billeckb@si.edu NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1568-2722 BN 978-0-387-48303-0 J9 INTERD CONTRIB ARCH PY 2007 BP 124 EP 166 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-48303-0_7 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-48303-0 PG 43 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA BLA68 UT WOS:000269778300007 ER PT B AU O'Donovan, FT Charbormeau, D AF O'Donovan, F. T. Charbormeau, D. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI TrES exoplanets and false positives: Finding the needle in the Haystack SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID PLANET AB Our incomplete understanding of the formation of gas giants and of their mass-radius relationship has motivated ground-based, wide-field surveys for new transiting extrasolar giant planets. Yet, astrophysical false positives have dominated the yield from these campaigns. Astronomical systems where the light from a faint eclipsing binary and a bright star is blended, producing a transit-like light curve, are particularly difficult to eliminate. As part of the Trans-atlantic Exoplanet Survey, we have encountered numerous false positives and have developed a procedure to reject them. We present examples of these false positives, including the blended system GSC 03885-00829 which we showed to be a K dwarf binary system superimposed on a late F dwarf star. This transit candidate in particular demonstrates the careful analysis required to identify astrophysical false positives in a transit survey. From amongst these impostors, we have found two transiting planets. We discuss our follow-up observations of TrES-2, the first transiting planet in the Kepler field. C1 [O'Donovan, F. T.] CALTECH, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Charbormeau, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP O'Donovan, FT (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG05GJ29G]; Origins of Solar Systems Program FX This material is based on work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNG05GJ29G, issued through the Origins of Solar Systems Program. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 58 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200009 ER PT B AU Hartman, JD Gaudi, BS Holman, MJ McLeod, BA Stanek, KZ Barranco, J AF Hartman, J. D. Gaudi, B. S. Holman, M. J. McLeod, B. A. Stanek, K. Z. Barranco, J. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI A search for transiting hot planets as small as Neptune in the open cluster m37 SO Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID IMAGE SUBTRACTION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; EARTH-MASSES; SPACED DATA; FIELD; PHOTOMETRY; ALGORITHM; NGC-2099; NGC-6791 AB We are conducting a transit survey of the open cluster M37 using the Megacam instrument on the 6.5 m Multiple-Mirror Telescope. We have obtained similar to 4500 images of this cluster over 18.5 nights and have achieved the precision necessary to detect planets smaller than Saturn. In this presentation we provide an overview of the project, describe the ongoing data reduction/analysis and present some of our preliminary results. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hartman, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200010 ER PT B AU Blake, CH Latham, DW Bloom, JS AF Blake, C. H. Latham, D. W. Bloom, J. S. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI The PAIRITEL ultracool Dwarf Transit survey SO Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron AB We present initial results from a project designed to monitor Ultracool Dwarfs (UCDs) of late-M to early-L spectral type in the near infrared (NIR) to evaluate the feasibility of detecting close-in, planetary companions to small stars. Owing to the small radii of the UCDs, data obtained with the Peters Automated Infrared Imaging Telescope (PAIRITEL) should allow us to detect terrestrial-size transiting planets. A sample of 20 objects was monitored nightly over a period of four months with a typical precision of approximate to 1%. To date, more than 10(6) seconds of observations have been collected. We find that UCDs represent photometrically stable targets suitable for transiting planet searches in the NIR. We present data from two targets with representative time coverage and photometric behavior. The likelihood of detecting an existing close-in planet in the PAIRITEL data using this observational strategy is simulated. We demonstrate that with effective integrations of 20 minutes we achieve 8 mmag rms over a period of 100 days, suggesting sensitivity to Earth size planets. A campaign to monitor a large sample of UCDs provides a viable method for detecting terrestrial planets, super-Earths, and Neptunes potentially located in the habitable zones of their hosts. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blake, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 87 EP 89 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200014 ER PT B AU Shporer, A Mazeh, T Moran, A Bakos, G Kovacs, G AF Shporer, A. Mazeh, T. Moran, A. Bakos, G. Kovacs, G. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Searching for variables in one of the WHAT fields SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID LIGHT CURVES AB We present preliminary results on a single field observed by WHAT. a small-aperture short focal length automated telescope with an 8.2 degrees x 8.2 degrees deg field of view, located at the Wise Observatory. The system is similar to the members of HATNet (http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/similar to gbakos/HAT/) and is aimed at searching for transiting extrasolar planets and variable objects. With 5 min integration time, the telescope achieved a precision of a few mmag for the brightest objects. We detect variables with amplitudes less than 0.01 mag. All 152 periodic variables are presented at http://wise-obs.tau.ac.il/similar to amit/236/. C1 [Shporer, A.; Mazeh, T.; Moran, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Bakos, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kovacs, G.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. RP Shporer, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. FU Sackler Institute of Astronomy; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) [M-041922, K-60750]; NASA through Hubble [HF-01170.01]; STScI; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; G.I.F., the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development FX The WHAT project has been made possible by grants from the Sackler Institute of Astronomy and from the Hungarian Scientific Re- search Fund (OTKA M-041922, K-60750). Work of G. B. was supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HF-01170.01 awarded by the STScI, which is operated by the AURA, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. This research was supported by a Grant from the G.I.F., the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 99 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200018 ER PT B AU Kovacs, G Bakos, GA AF Kovacs, G. Bakos, G. A. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Signal search and reconstruction by a trend filtering algorithm SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron AB We present additional tests of our algorithm aimed at filtering out systematics due to data reduction and instrumental imperfections in time series obtained by ensemble photometry. Signal detection efficiency is demonstrated, and a method of decreasing the false alarm probability is presented. Including the recently discovered transiting extrasolar planet HAT-P-1, we show various examples on the signal reconstruction capability of the method. C1 [Kovacs, G.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Thege 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Bakos, G. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kovacs, G (reprint author), Konkoly Observ Budapest, Thege 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. FU Space Telescope Science Institute; NASA [NNG04GN74G]; [HST-HF-01170.] FX pushed down near to the white noise limit. Acknowledgments. Support for program number HST-HF-01170.01-A to G. A. B. was provided by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute. Operation of the HATNet project is funded in part by NASA grant NNG04GN74G. We also acknowledge OTKA K-60750. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 133 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200025 ER PT B AU Borde, P Fressin, F Ollivier, M Leger, A Rouan, D AF Borde, P. Fressin, F. Ollivier, M. Leger, A. Rouan, D. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Transdet: a matched-filter based algorithm for transit detection - Application to simulated COROT light curves SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID SPACE MISSION; PLANETS AB We present a matched-filter based algorithm for transit detection and its application to simulated COROT light curves. This algorithm stems from the work by Borde, Rouan & Leger (2003). We describe the different steps we intend to take to discriminate between planets and stellar companions using the three photometric bands provided by COROT. These steps include the search for secondary transits, the search for ellipsoidal variability, and the Study of transit chromaticity. We also discuss the performance of this approach in the context of blind tests organized inside the COROT exoplanet consortium. C1 [Borde, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fressin, F.] Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice, France. [Ollivier, M.; Leger, A.] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Rouan, D.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Borde, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [1256791]; Michelson Fellowship Program FX y This work was performed in part under contract 1256791 with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), funded by NASA through the Michel- son Fellowship Program. JPL is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology. This research has made use of NASAs Astrophysics Data Sys- tem. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 145 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200027 ER PT B AU Miller-Ricci, E Rowe, JF Sasselov, D Matthews, JM Guenther, DB Kuschnig, R Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Miller-Ricci, E. Rowe, J. F. Sasselov, D. Matthews, J. M. Guenther, D. B. Kuschnig, R. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. M. Walker, G. A. H. Weiss, W. W. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI MOST spacebased photometry of the transiting exoplanet system HD 209458: Transit timing to search for additional planets SO Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; HD 209458B; GJ-876; RADII; STAR AB We report on the measurement of transit times for the HD 209458 planetary system from photometry obtained with the MOST1 (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) space telescope. Deviations from a constant orbital period can indicate the presence of additional planets in the system that are yet undetected, potentially with masses approaching Earth mass. The MOST data sets of HD 209458 from 2004 and 2005 represent unprecedented time coverage with nearly continuous observations spanning 14 and 43 days and monitoring 2 and 12 consecutive transits, respectively. The transit times we obtain show no variations and allow us to place strong limits on the presence of additional close-in planets in the system, in some cases down to an Earth mass. This result, together with previous radial velocity and transit timing work, now eliminates the possibility that a perturbing planet could be responsible for the additional heat source needed to explain HD 209458b's anomalous low density. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miller-Ricci, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200030 ER PT B AU Latham, DW AF Latham, David W. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Spectroscopic and photometric follow-up observations SO Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID PLANET; FIELD AB We describe some of the strategies and procedures that we have developed for the confirmation of transiting-planet candidates identified by wide-field photometric surveys. We report the relative frequency of several types of astrophysical false positives found among 456 candidates from the Vulcan, TrES, and HAT surveys. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Latham, DW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200037 ER PT B AU Fernandez, JM Beatty, TG Latham, DW Everett, ME Esquerdo, GA Hergenrother, CW AF Fernandez, J. M. Beatty, T. G. Latham, D. W. Everett, M. E. Esquerdo, G. A. Hergenrother, C. W. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Follow-up photometry for transiting extrasolar planets and low-mass stars SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron AB We present new high-quality light curves for the transiting planets XO-1 and TrES-2. We use the observations to update the radius and orbital inclination of the planets. We also present mass and radius determinations for some M dwarfs eclipsing F and G stars originally identified by wide-angle transit searches. C1 [Fernandez, J. M.; Beatty, T. G.; Latham, D. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Everett, M. E.; Esquerdo, G. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hergenrother, C. W.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Fernandez, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 253 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200045 ER PT B AU Dunham, EW Elliot, JL Brown, TM Charbonneau, D McLean, IS AF Dunham, E. W. Elliot, J. L. Brown, T. M. Charbonneau, D. McLean, I. S. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Precise photometry of extrasolar planet transits with SOFIA SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID SERIES AB Precise photometric observations of transiting extrasolar planets can provide a wealth of data on the nature of these objects. Results such as planetary radius, orbital inclination, stellar limb darkening, evidence for planetary satellites or rings, and atmospheric composition can be found from the transit observation alone. When combined with high quality radial velocity data the mass and density of the planet can be determined. Infrared observations of the secondary minimum provide a means to determine the temperature of the planet and allow limits on the orbital eccentricity to be defined. Perturbations by other planets in the system can be found by variations in transit timing over a period of years. We anticipate that very high quality transit data can be obtained with SOFIA using the HIPO and FLITECAM science instruments. At present this work is limited to the nine brightest known transiting planets, but the field is so active that many additional targets will be found. The ongoing spectroscopic planet search programs and several ongoing transit search programs designed specifically to find objects bright enough for detailed follow-up work are expected to add numerous objects to this list over SOFIA's lifetime. The Kepler mission will be launched and complete its mission while SOFIA is flying, producing numerous exciting opportunities for additional work. C1 [Dunham, E. W.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Elliot, J. L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Elliot, J. L.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Brown, T. M.] Los Cumbres Observ, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Charbonneau, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McLean, I. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Dunham, EW (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 256 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200046 ER PT B AU Knutson, HA Charbonneau, D Deming, D Richardson, LJ AF Knutson, H. A. Charbonneau, D. Deming, D. Richardson, L. J. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI A ground-based search for L band thermal emission from TrES-1 SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; ATMOSPHERES AB Recent observations using the Spitzer Space Telescope have detected the thermal emission from several transiting planets, including TrES-1. Charbonneau et al. (2005) found that the 4.5 mu m eclipse depth for TrES-1 was smaller than expected; theoretical models predict that hot Jupiters like TrES-1 should have a strong peak in their emission at 4 mu m. We followed up this initial Spitzer measurement with spectral observations of the secondary eclipse of TrES-1 in L band using NIRI on Gemini North, which allowed us to create a bandpass centered on the predicted 4 gm peak. The simultaneous observation of a second star allows us to calibrate out time-dependent variations in the common-mode terrestrial atmospheric absorption and seeing effects. We obtained a, series of 758 spectra spanning g two secondary eclipses of TrES-1 and present the preliminary results of our analysis in this poster. C1 [Knutson, H. A.; Charbonneau, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Deming, D.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Richardson, L. J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanet & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Knutson, HA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Gemini Observatory [GN-2006A-Q-3]; National Science Foundation; NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship at NASA Goddard FX This work is based on observations obtained as part of program GN-2006A-Q-3 at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil) and CONICET (Argentina). We are grateful to Chad Trujillo and the entire Gemini team for their assistance throughout this process. H. A. K. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. L. J. R. was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship at NASA Goddard. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 259 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200047 ER PT B AU Pal, A Bakos, GA AF Pal, A. Bakos, G. A. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Astrometry in wide-field surveys SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID IMAGES AB We present a general two-dimensional catalog matching algorithm that can efficiently be applied for wide-field astrometry where the acquired images are strained by distortions due to the large field-of-view. The algorithm is able to derive the transformations between a reference catalogue and the images up to arbitrary polynomial order. Our method is applied successfully in the Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network (HATNet, see Bakes 2004) project both in real-time astrometrical guiding of the telescopes as well as during the reduction of the data. In this paper we summarize the key points of the newly developed parts of the algorithms as well as the performance on large set of wide FOV images taken by the telescopes of HATNet. C1 [Pal, A.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Bakos, G. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pal, A (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. FU Hungarian OTKA [T-038437]; NASA [NNG 04-GN74G]; NASA Hubble Fellowship [HST-HF-01170.01-A] FX A. P. would like to thank the hospitality of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, where this work was partially carried out. A. P. was also supported by Hungarian OTKA grant T-038437. The HATNet project is funded by NASA grant NNG 04-GN74G. G. A. B. wishes to acknowledge funding from NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-01170.01-A. Both authors would like to thank Istvan Domsa for the early development of triangle and point-matching codes. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 340 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200061 ER PT S AU Schwartz, DA AF Schwartz, Daniel A. BE Lee, WH RamierzRuiz, E TI Chandra observations of relativistic AGN jets SO TRIGGERING RELATIVISTIC JETS SE Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica-Serie de Conferencias LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Triggering Relativistic Jets CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Cozumel, MEXICO DE cosmic microwave background; galaxies : jets; quasars : general; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTENDED RADIO JETS; LARGE-SCALE JETS; X-RAY-EMISSION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; QUASAR JETS; M87 JET; GALAXIES; 3C-273 AB This article reviews Chandra survey observations of jets in quasars. We interpret the X-ray emission in terms of inverse Compton scattering on the Cosmic Microwave Background. Both the spectral energy distribution and X-ray/radio morphologies support such a supposition, in many cases. This requires bulk relativistic motion of the jets at distances of 100's of kpc from the quasar, and allows estimates of the rest frame magnetic fields; provided we assume minimum energy conditions. The kinetic flux carried by the jets is very large and transported efficiently. Such jets in clusters would carry more than enough energy to balance cooling flows. The IC/CMB mechanism implies that jets should maintain a constant surface brightness to arbitrarily large redshifts - no specific evidence exists yet to support this expectation. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 978-970-32-2805-8 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2007 VL 27 BP 102 EP 113 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGI95 UT WOS:000247368600010 ER PT S AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, Steven R. BE Shaikh, D Zank, GP TI Turbulence in the solar corona SO TURBULENCE AND NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 16-22, 2007 CL Oahu, HI SP IGPP UCR, Los Alamos Natl Lab, UCLA IGPP, Solana Sci DE solar corona; solar wind; MHD turbulence; Alfven waves ID LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; MHD TURBULENCE; WIND; HOLES; PROPAGATION; FLUX; ACCELERATION; PHOTOSPHERE; CASCADE; MODELS AB The solar corona has been revealed in the past decade to be a highly dynamic non-equilibrium plasma environment. Both the loop-filled coronal base and the extended acceleration region of the solar wind appear to be strongly turbulent, but direct observational evidence for a cascade of fluctuation energy from large to small scales is lacking. In this paper I will review the observations of wavelike motions in the corona over a wide range of scales, as well as the macroscopic effects of wave-particle interactions such as preferential ion heating. I will also present a summary of recent theoretical modeling efforts that seem to explain the time-steady properties of the corona (and the fast and slow solar wind) in terms of an anisotropic MHD cascade driven by the partial reflection of low-frequency Alfven waves propagating along the superradially expanding solar magnetic field. Complete theoretical models are difficult to construct, though, because many of the proposed physical processes act on a multiplicity of spatial scales (from centimeters to solar radii) with feedback effects not yet well understood. This paper is thus a progress report on various attempts to couple these disparate scales. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0443-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 932 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGX51 UT WOS:000251152400045 ER PT B AU Matthews, LD Reid, MJ AF Matthews, Lynn D. Reid, Mark J. BE Kerschbaum, F Charbonnel, C Wing, RF TI VLA observations of H-I in the circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS: THEIR IMPORTANCE AS ACTORS AND PROBES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Why Galaxies Care about AGB Stars CY AUG 07-11, 2006 CL Univ Austria, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Austria ID IRAS SURVEY DATA; EMISSION AB We present the results of a VLA search for H (I) emission in the circumstellar envelopes of five nearby AGB stars: RS Cnc, IRC+10216, EP Aqr, R Cas, and R Aqr. We have detected emission coincident in both position and velocity with RS Cue, implying that the emission arises from its extended envelope. For R Cas, we detected weak (5 sigma) emission that peaks at the stellar systemic velocity and overlaps with the location of its circumstellar dust shell and thus is probably related to the star. Toward IRC+10216 and EP Aqr, we detected multiple, arcminute-scale H-I emission features at velocities consistent with the circumstellar envelopes, but spatially offset from the stellar positions; in these cases we cannot determine unambiguously if the emission is related to the stars. In the case of IRC+10216, we were unable to confirm the detection of H-I in absorption against the cosmic background previously reported by Le Bertre & Gerard. We detected our fifth target, R Aqr (a symbiotic binary), in the 1.4 GHz continuum. C1 [Matthews, Lynn D.; Reid, Mark J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Matthews, LD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-318-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 378 BP 319 EP 320 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHB52 UT WOS:000252082300067 ER PT B AU Schoier, FL Olofsson, H Wong, T Fong, D Lindqvist, M Sjouwerman, LO AF Schoier, Fredrik L. Olofsson, Hans Wong, Tony Fong, David Lindqvist, Michael Sjouwerman, Lorant O. BE Kerschbaum, F Charbonnel, C Wing, RF TI Non-equilibrium chemistry and dust formation in AGB stars as probed by SiO line emission SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS: THEIR IMPORTANCE AS ACTORS AND PROBES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Why Galaxies Care about AGB Stars CY AUG 07-11, 2006 CL Univ Austria, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Austria AB We have performed high spatial resolution observations of SiO line emission for a sample of 11 AGB stars using the ATCA, VLA and SMA interferometers. Detailed radiative transfer modelling suggests that there are steep chemical gradients of SiO in their circumstellar envelopes. The emerging picture is one where the radial SiO abundance distribution starts at an initial high abundance, in the case of M stars consistent with LTE chemistry, that drastically decreases at a radius of similar to 1 x 10(15) cm. This is consistent with a scenario where SiO freezes out onto dust grains. The region of the wind with low abundance is much more extended, typically similar to 1 x 10(16) cm, and limited by photodissociation. The surpisingly high SiO abundances found in carbon stars requires non-equilibrium chemical processes. C1 [Schoier, Fredrik L.; Olofsson, Hans] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Olofsson, Hans; Lindqvist, Michael] Onsala Space Observat, Onsala, Sweden. [Wong, Tony] CSIRO Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW, Australia. [Fong, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Sjouwerman, Lorant O.] Natl Radio Astron Observat, Socorro, NM USA. RP Schoier, FL (reprint author), AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, Stockholm, Sweden. FU Swedish research council FX F.L.S. and H.O. acknowledge financial support from the Swedish research council.y NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-318-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 378 BP 341 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHB52 UT WOS:000252082300078 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DA Ball, RL Douw, G Ellersieck, MR Griffin, ME Citino, SB Bush, M AF Schmidt, Debra A. Ball, Ray L. Douw, Grobler Ellersieck, Mark R. Griffin, Mark E. Citino, Scott B. Bush, Mitchell TI Serum concentrations of amino acids, fatty acids, lipoproteins, vitamins A and E, and minerals in apparently healthy, free-ranging southern giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffe) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein; cholesterol; ruminant ID CAPTIVE GIRAFFE; D METABOLITES; DAIRY-COWS; 4 ZOOS; CAROTENOIDS; MORTALITY; ACIDOSIS; RETINOL; LIPIDS AB This pilot project began establishing a nutritional profile for free-ranging giraffe. The results will be used as a tool to begin assessing the nutritional status of captive giraffe. In October 2004 serum samples were collected opportunistically from seven adult and 17 sub-adult giraffe being anesthetized for different studies. Seventeen animals were from Double Drift Game Reserve and seven animals were from Kariega Private Game Reserve. The serum samples were analyzed for circulating concentrations of amino acids, fatty acids, lipoproteins, vitamins, and minerals. Information from 15 serum samples collected from anesthetized giraffe in Kruger National Park during April and August 2003 was included in the calcium and phosphorus concentration data. No significant differences were identified between genders. Significant differences between locations were identified for concentrations of certain amino acids, fatty acids, and lipoproteins. Differences between locations are likely due to different nutrient concentrations of foods and possibly the result of different animal densities forcing different food choices among locations. This pilot project may expand to include changes in circulating nutrient concentrations for free-ranging giraffe as is influenced by other locations, seasonal food availability, and different giraffe subspecies. C1 Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL USA. Busch Gardens, Tampa, FL USA. Catcho Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Missouri, Expt Stn Stat, Columbia, MO USA. Purina Mills, LLC, St Louis, MO USA. White Oak Conservat Ctr, Yulee, FL USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Schmidt, DA (reprint author), Zool Soc San Diego, 1550 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. EM dschmidt@sandiegozoo.org NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1002/zoo.20114 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 142SI UT WOS:000244669900002 PM 19360558 ER PT J AU Kendall, RA Latychev, K Mitrovica, JX Davis, JE Tamisiea, ME AF Kendall, Roblyn A. Latychev, Konstantin Mitrovica, Jerry X. Davis, Jonathan E. Tamisiea, Mark E. TI Decontaminating tide gauge records for the influence of glacial isostatic adjustment: The potential impact of 3-D Earth structure SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SPHERICAL EARTH; ICE SHEETS; RELAXATION; VISCOSITY; MODEL; RISE AB We investigate the potential impact of lateral variations in mantle viscosity and lithospheric thickness on predictions of present-day relative sea-level change due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). We consider three viscoelastic Earth models. The first is a 1-D model with a lithospheric thickness of 120 km and upper and lower mantle viscosities of 5 x 10(20) Pa s and 5 x 10(21) Pa s, respectively. The second model includes global lithospheric thickness variations and lateral heterogeneities in upper mantle viscosity ranging over three orders of magnitude, while the third model includes lateral variations in lower mantle viscosity alone. We find that the impact of 3-D structure is significant. Indeed, the difference between the 3-D and 1-D model predictions at similar to 300 sites with tide gauge records longer than 40 years duration is greater than 0.2 mm/yr and 0.5 mm/yr for 50% and 25% of the sites, respectively. The maximum difference exceeds several mm/yr. We conclude that efforts to decontaminate tide gauge records for ongoing GIA, to determine the rate and origin of global sea-level rise, should incorporate 3-D mantle structure into the GIA modelling. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kendall, RA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM rkendall@physics.utoronto.ca RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 24 AR L24318 DI 10.1029/2006GL028448 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124CE UT WOS:000243344000006 ER PT J AU Morris, RV Klingelhofer, G Schroder, C Rodionov, DS Yen, A Ming, DW de Souza, PA Wdowiak, T Fleischer, I Gellert, R Bernhardt, B Bonnes, U Cohen, BA Evlanov, EN Foh, J Gutlich, P Kankeleit, E McCoy, T Mittlefehldt, DW Renz, F Schmidt, ME Zubkov, B Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE AF Morris, R. V. Klingelhoefer, G. Schroeder, C. Rodionov, D. S. Yen, A. Ming, D. W. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Wdowiak, T. Fleischer, I. Gellert, R. Bernhardt, B. Bonnes, U. Cohen, B. A. Evlanov, E. N. Foh, J. Guetlich, P. Kankeleit, E. McCoy, T. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Renz, F. Schmidt, M. E. Zubkov, B. Squyres, S. W. Arvidson, R. E. TI Mossbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Meridiani Planum, Mars: Opportunity's journey across sulfate-rich outcrop, basaltic sand and dust, and hematite lag deposits SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MINI-TES EXPERIMENT; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; EXPLORATION ROVERS; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; 1ST SHERGOTTITE; SPIRIT ROVER; GUSEV CRATER; BOUNCE ROCK; JAROSITE; SURFACE AB The Mossbauer (MB) spectrometer on Opportunity measured the Fe oxidation state, identified Fe-bearing phases, and measured relative abundances of Fe among those phases at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Eight Fe-bearing phases were identified: jarosite (K,Na,H3O)(Fe,Al)(OH)(6)(SO4)(2), hematite, olivine, pyroxene, magnetite, nanophase ferric oxides (npOx), an unassigned ferric phase, and metallic Fe (kamacite). Burns Formation outcrop rocks consist of hematite-rich spherules dispersed throughout S-rich rock that has nearly constant proportions of Fe3+ from jarosite, hematite, and npOx (29%, 36%, and 20% of total Fe). The high oxidation state of the S-rich rock (Fe3+/Fe-T similar to 0.9) implies that S is present as the sulfate anion. Jarosite is mineralogical evidence for aqueous processes under acid-sulfate conditions because it has structural hydroxide and sulfate and it forms at low pH. Hematite-rich spherules, eroded from the outcrop, and their fragments are concentrated as hematite-rich soils (lag deposits) on ripple crests (up to 68% of total Fe from hematite). Olivine, pyroxene, and magnetite are primarily associated with basaltic soils and are present as thin and locally discontinuous cover over outcrop rocks, commonly forming aeolian bedforms. Basaltic soils are more reduced (Fe3+/Fe-T similar to 0.2-0.4), with the fine-grained and bright aeolian deposits being the most oxidized. Average proportions of total Fe from olivine, pyroxene, npOx, magnetite, and hematite are similar to 33%, 38%, 18%, 6%, and 4%, respectively. The MB parameters of outcrop npOx and basaltic-soil npOx are different, but it is not possible to infer mineralogical information beyond octahedrally coordinated Fe3+. Basaltic soils at Meridiani Planum and Gusev crater have similar Fe-mineralogical compositions. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CVRD Grp, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Morris, RV (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code KR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM richard.v.morris@nasa.gov RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039 NR 75 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S15 DI 10.1029/2006JE002791 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 124DE UT WOS:000243346700004 ER PT J AU Doebley, JF Gaut, BS Smith, BD AF Doebley, John F. Gaut, Brandon S. Smith, Bruce D. TI The molecular genetics of crop domestication SO CELL LA English DT Review ID TOMATO FRUIT SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; MAIZE DOMESTICATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; RICE DOMESTICATION; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; GENOMIC REGION AB Ten thousand years ago human societies around the globe began to transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. By 4000 years ago, ancient peoples had completed the domestication of all major crop species upon which human survival is dependent, including rice, wheat, and maize. Recent research has begun to reveal the genes responsible for this agricultural revolution. The list of genes to date tentatively suggests that diverse plant developmental pathways were the targets of Neolithic "genetic tinkering," and we are now closer to understanding how plant development was redirected to meet the needs of a hungry world. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Doebley, JF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jdoebley@wisc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58816] NR 71 TC 566 Z9 601 U1 38 U2 271 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1309 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.006 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 128WI UT WOS:000243690000012 PM 17190597 ER PT J AU Miura, O Torchin, ME Kuris, AM Hechinger, RF Chiba, S AF Miura, Osamu Torchin, Mark E. Kuris, Armand M. Hechinger, Ryan F. Chiba, Satoshi TI Introduced cryptic species of parasites exhibit different invasion pathways SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Batillaria attramentaria; trematode parasites ID BATILLARIA-CUMINGI; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS; GASTROPOD; SEQUENCES; PLANTS AB Sometimes infectious agents invade and become established in new geographic regions. Others may be introduced yet never become established because of the absence of suitable hosts in the new region. This phenomenon may be particularly true for the many parasites with complex life cycles, where various life stages require different host species. Homogenization of the world's biota through human-mediated invasions may reunite hosts and parasites, resulting in disease outbreaks in novel regions. Here we use molecular genetics to differentiate invasion pathways for two digenean trematode parasites and their exotic host, the Asian mud snail, Batillaria attramentaria. All of the snail haplotypes found in introduced populations in North America were identical to haplotypes common in the areas of Japan that provided oysters for cultivation in North America, supporting the hypothesis that the snails were introduced from Japan with seed oysters. Two cryptic trematode species were introduced to North American populations in high frequencies. We found a marked reduction of genetic variation in one of these species, suggesting it experienced a bottleneck or founder event comparable to that of the host snail. In contrast, no genetic variation was lost in the other parasite species. We hypothesize that this parasite was and is dispersed naturally by migratory shorebirds and was able to establish only after the host snail, B. attramentaria, was introduced to North America. Evaluation of the nature of invasion pathways and postinvasion consequences will aid mitigation of spreading diseases of humans, livestock, and wildlife in an increasingly globalized world. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Miura, O (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM 3-ura@biology.tohoku.ac.jp RI Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 NR 45 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 32 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 52 BP 19818 EP 19823 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609603103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 123GX UT WOS:000243285500039 PM 17179044 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Timm, RM AF Woodman, Neal Timm, Robert M. TI Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia : Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae : Lonchophyllini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID PERU AB The Neotropical Lonchophyllini (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) currently comprise four genera and thirteen species of nectar-feeding bats. These species often are separated into larger-bodied (eight species) and smaller-bodied (five species) forms to aid in identification. Our morphological and morphometrical analyses of the smaller Lonchophyllini revealed the existence of two distinctive, previously undescribed species of bats of the genus Lonchophylla from western South America. We describe a new form from Amazonian Peru as Lonchophylla pattoni and one from western Colombia as Lonchophylla cadenai. Phyllogenetic analysis of the Lonchophyllini based primarily on morphological characters indicates that these two new species are closely related to Lonchophylla thomasi. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM btimm@ku.edu NR 52 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 437 EP 476 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[437:CAPRON]2.0.CO;2 PG 40 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 122GD UT WOS:000243212800001 ER PT J AU Carleton, MD Byrne, ES AF Carleton, Michael D. Byrne, Ellen Schaefer TI The status of Otomys orestes dollmani Heller, 1912 (Muridae : Otomyinae), a rodent described from the Mathews Range, central Kenya SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID EASTERN AFRICA; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; MAMMALIA AB Morphological and morphometric comparisons of Otomys orestes dollmani, known only from Mount Gargues in the Mathews Range, central Kenya, indicate that the taxon is a valid species distinct from other African forms under which it has been previously synonymized (O. irroratus, O. orestes, O. tropiculis). Based also on these comparisons, the morphological recognition and distribution of O. orestes (including thomasi Osgood) are further clarified in relation to O. tropicalis (including elgonis Wroughton) in Kenyan mountains and O. typus proper in Ethiopian highlands; another taxon relegated to junior synonymy within O. typus, O. uzungwensis Lawrence and Loveridge from south-central Tanzania, is resurrected to species. Certain traditional characters used in Otomys taxonomy, in particular molar lamination, demonstrate conservative patterns of variation that complement spatial structure derived from morphometric analyses of craniometric data and that vindicate their continued utility in delimiting species. We argue that uncritical emphasis of polytypic species, applied following the biological species concept during the latter 1900s, has led to chronic underestimation of species diversity of Otomys confined to the Afromontane Biotic Region in eastern Africa, in particular those populations that inhabit afroalpine environments. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Carleton, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM carleton@si.edu NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 477 EP 515 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[477:TSOOOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 39 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 122GD UT WOS:000243212800002 ER PT J AU Graves, GR AF Graves, Gary R. TI Diagnoses of hybrid hummingbirds (Aves : Trochilidae). 14. New perspectives on Sefton's specimen (Calypte costae X Selasphorus platycercus) from the Rincon Mountains, southeastern Arizona SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID INTERGENERIC HYBRID; HELIANGELUS AB The unique hummingbird specimen collected by J. W. Sefton, Jr., in 1932 in the Rincon Mountains, southeastern Arizona, is confirmed to be a hybrid, Calypte costae X Selasphorus platycercus. The hybrid exhibits a blended mosaic of plumage characters of the parental species. Other parental hypotheses were ruled out on the basis of plumage color and on measurements of the outermost rectrix (R5). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Graves, GR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gravesg@si.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 516 EP 521 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[516:DOHHAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 122GD UT WOS:000243212800003 ER PT J AU Isler, ML Lacerda, DR Isler, PR Hackett, SJ Rosenberg, KV Brumfield, RT AF Isler, Morton L. Lacerda, Daniela Rodrigues Isler, Phyllis R. Hackett, Shannon J. Rosenberg, Kenneth V. Brumfield, Robb T. TI Epinecrophylla, a new genus of antwrens (Aves : Passeriformes : Thamnophilidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID CHECKER-THROATED ANTWREN; ANTBIRDS PASSERIFORMES; NEST ARCHITECTURE; SPECIES LIMITS AB We offer a new generic name for the stipple-throated assemblage of antwrens (Thamnophilidae) currently placed in the genus Myrmotherula. Molecular studies demonstrated that Myrmotherula is polyphyletic, with the stippled-throated group forming a clade that is not sister to any other currently recognized Myrmotherula species. The stipple-throated assemblage is distinguished morphologically by at least one sex having a black throat stippled white or buffy white combined with a comparatively long, unmarked tail, although three populations considered subspecies have lost one of these characters. The distinct evolution of this assemblage is supported by diagnostic behavioral characters derived from foraging behaviors, vocal repertoires, and nest architecture. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, BR-31270010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Isler, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM islermor@si.edu; danielalac@yahoo.com.br; shackett@fieldmuseum.org; kvr2@cornell.edu; brumfld@lsu.edu OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 522 EP 527 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[522:EANGOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 122GD UT WOS:000243212800004 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Skvarla, JJ AF Robinson, Harold Skvarla, John J. TI Studies on the Gymnantheminae (Vernonieae : Asteraceae): restoration of the genus Monosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID POLLEN AB The South Asian genus Monosis D.C. is resurrected from synonymy of Vernonia and Gymnanthemum. It is distinguished by a unique lophate pollen type and leaves with thick petioles, cuneate leaf bases, and spreading secondary veins. Taxa included are the type species, M. wightiana D.C. and six other species newly transferred here: M. aplinii, M. parishii, M. shevaroyensis, M. talaumifolia, M. travancorica, and M. volkameriifolia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, NHB 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 600 EP 607 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[600:SOTGVA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 122GD UT WOS:000243212800013 ER PT J AU McQuinn, M Zahn, O Zaldarriaga, M Hernquist, L Furlanetto, SR AF McQuinn, Matthew Zahn, Oliver Zaldarriaga, Matias Hernquist, Lars Furlanetto, Steven R. TI Cosmological parameter estimation using 21 cm radiation from the epoch of reionization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; intergalactic medium; radio lines : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT; CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; POWER SPECTRA; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; STELLAR SOURCES; SCALE STRUCTURE; DARK-MATTER; FOREGROUNDS; IONIZATION AB A number of radio interferometers are currently being planned or constructed to observe 21 cm emission from reionization. Not only will such measurements provide a detailed view of that epoch, but, since the 21 cm emission also traces the distribution of matter in the universe, this signal can be used to constrain cosmological parameters. The sensitivity of an interferometer to the cosmological information in the signal may depend on how precisely the angular dependence of the 21 cm three-dimensional power spectrum can be measured. Using an analytic model for reionization, we quantify all the effects that break the spherical symmetry of the three- dimensional 21 cm power spectrum. We find that upcoming observatories will be sensitive to the 21 cm signal over a wide range of scales, from larger than 100 to as small as 1 comoving Mpc. Next, we consider three methods to measure cosmological parameters from the signal: (1) direct fitting of the density power spectrum to the signal, (2) using only the velocity field fluctuations in the signal, and (3) looking at the signal at large enough scales that all fluctuations trace the density field. With the foremost method, the first generation of 21 cm observations should moderately improve existing constraints on cosmological parameters for certain low- redshift reionization scenarios, and a 2 yr observation with the second- generation interferometer MWA5000 in combination with the CMB telescope Planck could improve constraints on Omega(w), Omega(m)h(2), Omega(b)h(2), Omega(nu), n(s), and alpha(s). If the universe is substantially ionized by z similar to 12 or if spin temperature fluctuations are important, we show that it will be difficult to place competitive constraints on cosmological parameters with any of the considered methods. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP McQuinn, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmcquinn@cfa.harvard.edu NR 58 TC 250 Z9 250 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 815 EP 834 DI 10.1086/505167 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200001 ER PT J AU Masters, KL Springob, CM Haynes, MP Giovanelli, R AF Masters, Karen L. Springob, Christopher M. Haynes, Martha P. Giovanelli, Riccardo TI SFI++ I: A new I-band Tully-Fisher template, the cluster peculiar velocity dispersion, and H-0 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; distance scale; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : fundamental parameters ID EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE; TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; SPIRAL GALAXIES; CEPHEID DISTANCE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; SC GALAXIES; INTERNAL EXTINCTION; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; ROTATION CURVES; WIDTH RELATION AB The SFI++ consists of similar to 5000 spiral galaxies that have measurements suitable for the application of the I-band Tully-Fisher (TF) relation. This sample builds on the SCI and SFI samples published in the 1990s but includes significant amounts of new data, as well as improved methods for parameter determination. We derive a new I-band TF relation from a subset of this sample, which consists of 807 galaxies in the fields of 31 nearby clusters and groups. This sample constitutes the largest ever available for the calibration of the TF template and extends the range of line widths over which the template is reliably measured. Careful accounting is made of observational and sample biases such as incompleteness, finite cluster size, galaxymorphology, and environment. We find evidence for a type-dependent TF slope that is shallower for early-type than for late-type spirals. The line-of-sight cluster peculiar velocity dispersion is measured for the sample of 31 clusters. This value is directly related to the spectrum of initial density fluctuations and thus provides an independent verification of the best-fit WMAP cosmology and an estimate of Omega(0.6)sigma(8) = 0.52 +/- 0.06. We also provide an independent measure of the TF zero point using 17 galaxies in the SFI++ sample for which Cepheid distances are available. In combination with the "basket-of-clusters'' template relation these calibrator galaxies provide a measure of H-0 = 74 +/- 2 (random) +/- 6 (systematic) km s(-1) Mpc(-1). C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Masters, KL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu; Christopher.Springob@nrl.navy.mil; haynes@astro.cornell.edu; riccardo@astro.cornell.edu OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 50 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 861 EP 880 DI 10.1086/508924 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200004 ER PT J AU Zahn, O Zaldarriaga, M AF Zahn, Oliver Zaldarriaga, Matias TI Lensing reconstruction using redshifted 21 centimeter fluctuations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; diffuse radiation; large-scale structure of universe ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; COSMIC REIONIZATION; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; POWER SPECTRA; DARK-MATTER; EPOCH; POLARIZATION; TOMOGRAPHY; RADIATION; TELESCOPE AB We investigate the potential of second generation measurements of redshifted 21 cm radiation from before and during the epoch of reionization (EOR) to reconstruct the matter density fluctuations along the line of sight. To do so we generalize the quadratic methods developed for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to 21 cm fluctuations. We show that the three- dimensional signal can be decomposed into a finite number of line- of- sight Fourier modes that contribute to the lensing reconstruction. Our formalism properly takes into account correlations along the line of sight and uses all the information contained in quadratic combinations of the signal. In comparison with the CMB, 21 cm fluctuations have the disadvantage of a relatively scale invariant unlensed power spectrum, which suppresses the lensing effect. The smallness of the lensing effect is compensated by using information from a range of observed redshifts. We estimate the size of experiments that are needed to measure this effect. With a square kilometer of collecting area and a maximal baseline of 3 km, one can achieve lensing reconstruction noise levels an order of magnitude below CMB quadratic estimator constraints at L = 1000, and map the deflection field out to less then a tenth of a degree (L > 2000) within a season of observations on one field. Statistical lensing power spectrum detections will be possible to subarcminute scales, even with the limited sky coverage that currently conceived experiments have. One should be able to improve constraints on cosmological parameters by using this method. With larger collecting areas or longer observing times, one could probe arcminute scales of the lensing potential and thus individual clusters. We address the effect that foregrounds might have on lensing reconstruction with 21 cm fluctuations. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zahn, O (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ozahn@cfa.harvard.edu NR 47 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 922 EP 935 DI 10.1086/508916 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200008 ER PT J AU Reddy, NA Steidel, CC Erb, DK Shapley, AE Pettini, M AF Reddy, Naveen A. Steidel, Charles C. Erb, Dawn K. Shapley, Alice E. Pettini, Max TI A spectroscopic survey of redshift 1.4 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3.0 galaxies in the goods-north field: Survey description, catalogs, and properties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : stellar content ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; X-RAY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RED GALAXIES; INFRARED PROPERTIES; RADIO-EMISSION AB We present the results of a spectroscopic survey with LRIS-B on Keck of more than 280 star-forming galaxies and AGNs at redshifts 1.4 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3.0 in the GOODS-N field. Candidates are selected by their U(n)GR colors using the "BM/BX'' criteria to target redshift 1.4 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 2.5 galaxies and the LBG criteria to target redshift z similar to 3 galaxies; combined these samples account for similar to 25%-30% of the R and K(S) band counts to R = 25.5 and K(S)(AB) 24: 4, respectively. The 212 BM/BX galaxies and 74 LBGs constitute the largest spectroscopic sample of galaxies at z > 1.4 in GOODS-N. Extensive multiwavelength data allow us to investigate the stellar populations, stellar masses, bolometric luminosities (L(bol)), and extinction of z similar to 2 galaxies. Deep Chandra and Spitzer data indicate that the sample includes galaxies with a wide range in L(bol) (similar or equal to 10(10) to > 10(12) L circle dot) and 4 orders of magnitude in dust obscuration (L(bol)/L(UV)). The sample includes galaxies with a large dynamic range in evolutionary state, from very young galaxies (ages similar or equal to 50 Myr) with small stellar masses (M* similar or equal to 10(9) M circle dot) to evolved galaxies with stellar masses comparable to the most massive galaxies at these redshifts (M* > 10(11) M circle dot). Spitzer data indicate that the optical sample includes some fraction of the obscured AGN population at high redshifts: at least 3 of 11 AGNs in the z > 1.4 sample are undetected in the deep X-ray data but exhibit power-law SEDs longward of similar to 2 mu m (rest frame) indicative of obscured AGNs. The results of our survey indicate that rest-frame UV selection and spectroscopy presently constitute the most timewise efficient method of culling large samples of high-redshift galaxies with a wide range in intrinsic properties, and the data presented here will add significantly to the multiwavelength legacy of GOODS. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Reddy, NA (reprint author), CALTECH, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 81 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 1004 EP 1026 DI 10.1086/508851 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200016 ER PT J AU Evans, DA Lee, JC Kamenetska, M Gallagher, SC Kraft, RP Hardcastle, MJ Weaver, KA AF Evans, Daniel A. Lee, Julia C. Kamenetska, Maria Gallagher, Sarah C. Kraft, Ralph P. Hardcastle, Martin J. Weaver, Kimberly A. TI The Chandra, Hubble Space Telescope, and VLA view of the circumnuclear extended emission in the narrow emission line galaxy NGC 2110 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (NGC 2110); galaxies : jets; galaxies : Seyfert ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON; IONIZED-GAS; NGC 2110; NGC-1068; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; IONIZATION AB present results from new Chandra, archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and VLA imaging observations of the circumnuclear extended emission in the nearby Type 2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 2110. We find resolved soft-band X-ray emission similar to 400" (similar to 160 pc) north of the nucleus, which is spatially coincident with [O III] emission, but lies just beyond the northern edge of the radio jet in the source. We find that shock heating of multiphase gas clouds can successfully account for this extended emission, although we cannot rule out alternative models, such as the scattering of nuclear radiation by ionized material, or pure photoionization from the nucleus. In addition, we detect kiloparsec-scale (similar to 30") extended soft-band X-ray emission south of the nucleus. Finally, we compare our results for NGC 2110 with the prototypical type 2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, and suggest that different physical processes could produce extended circumnuclear X-ray emission in Seyfert galaxies. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 1121 EP 1128 DI 10.1086/508680 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200023 ER PT J AU Sahai, R Young, K Patel, NA Contreras, CS Morris, M AF Sahai, R. Young, K. Patel, N. A. Sanchez Contreras, C. Morris, M. TI A massive bipolar outflow and a dusty torus with large grains in the preplanetary nebula IRAS 22036+5306 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary nebulae : individual (IRAS 22036+5306) reflection nebulae; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : mass loss; stars : winds, outflows ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; PROTOPLANETARY NEBULAE; GIANT BRANCH; MOLECULAR ENVELOPE; RED RECTANGLE; FROSTY-LEO; AGB STARS; JET; EMISSION; STELLAR AB We report high angular resolution (similar to 1") CO = 3-2 interferometric mapping using the Submillimeter Array (SMA) of IRAS 22036+5306 (I22036), a bipolar preplanetary nebula (PPN) with knotty jets discovered in our HST snapshot survey of young PPNs. In addition, we have obtained supporting lower resolution (similar to 10") CO and (CO)-C-13 J = 1-0 observations with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) interferometer, as well as optical long-slit echelle spectra at the Palomar Observatory. The CO J 3-2 observations show the presence of a very fast (similar to 220 km s(-1)), highly collimated, massive (0.03 M-circle dot) bipolar outflow with a very large scalar momentum (about 1039 g cm s(-1)), and the characteristic spatiokinematic structure of bow shocks at the tips of this outflow. The H alpha line shows an absorption feature blueshifted from the systemic velocity by similar to 100 km s(-1), which most likely arises in neutral interface material between the fast outflow and the dense walls of the bipolar lobes at low latitudes. The fast outflow in I22036, as in most PPNs, cannot be driven by radiation pressure. We find an unresolved source of submillimeter (and millimeterwave) continuum emission in I22036, implying a very substantial mass (0.02-0.04M(circle dot)) of large (radius greater than or similar to 1 mm), cold (less than or similar to 50 K) dust grains associated with I22036' s toroidal waist. We also find that the C-13/C-12 ratio in I22036 is very high (0.16), close to the maximum value achieved in equilibrium CNO nucleosynthesis (0.33). The combination of the high circumstellar mass (i.e.,in the extended dust shell and the torus) and the high C-13/12C ratio in I22036 provides strong support for this object having evolved from a massive (greater than or similar to 4 M-circle dot) progenitor in which hot- bottom- burning has occurred. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Div Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain. RI Sanchez-Contreras, Carmen/N-3718-2015 OI Sanchez-Contreras, Carmen/0000-0002-6341-592X NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 1241 EP 1252 DI 10.1086/508507 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200032 ER PT J AU Boutloukos, S van der Klis, M Altamirano, D Klein-Wolt, M Wijnands, R Jonker, PG Fender, RP AF Boutloukos, S. van der Klis, M. Altamirano, D. Klein-Wolt, M. Wijnands, R. Jonker, P. G. Fender, R. P. TI Discovery of twin kHz QPOs in the peculiar X-ray binary Circinus X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (Circinus X-1) ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; NEUTRON-STAR; CIR X-1; TIMING-EXPLORER; BRIGHTNESS OSCILLATIONS; 4U 1608-52; FREQUENCY; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; SPECTRUM AB We report the discovery with the RXTE PCA of twin kHz QPOs in the peculiar X-ray binary Circinus X-1. Eleven cases of simultaneous double QPOs occurred, with significances of up to 6.3 and 5.5 sigma and centroid frequencies ranging between approximately 56 and 225 and 230 and 500 Hz for the two QPO peaks, respectively, i.e., for the most part at frequencies well below those of other sources. The QPO properties clearly indicate that these double peaks are the kHz QPOs known from low magnetic field neutron stars, and not black hole high-frequency QPOs, confirming that Cir X-1 is a neutron star, as suspected since the detection of type I X-ray bursts from the field of the source 20 years ago. The kHz QPO peak separation varies over a wide range, similar to 175-340 Hz, and increases as a function of kHz QPO frequency. This is contrary to what has been observed in other sources but in good agreement with predictions of the relativistic precession model and Alfven wave models; beat-frequency models require modification to accommodate this. In other observations, single kHz QPOs can be seen down to frequencies as low as similar to 12Hz, as well as a strong low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (LF QPO) between 1 and 30 Hz. The relations between the kHz QPOs and the LF QPO are in good agreement with those found previously in Z sources, confirming that Cir X-1 may be a peculiar Z source. We suggest that the low-frequency range over which the kHz QPOs occur in Cir X-1 and to a lesser extent in (other) Z sources, might be due to a stronger radial accretion flow relative to the disk flow than in other kHz QPO sources, possibly related to the nature of the companion star. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Boutloukos, S (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM stratos@science.uva.nl NR 55 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 1435 EP 1444 DI 10.1086/508934 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200050 ER PT J AU Morales-Calderon, M Stauffer, JR Kirkpatrick, JD Carey, S Gelino, CR Navascues, DBY Rebull, L Lowrance, P Marley, MS Charbonneau, D Patten, BM Megeath, ST Buzasi, D AF Morales-Calderon, M. Stauffer, J. R. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Carey, S. Gelino, C. R. Navascues, D. Barrado y Rebull, L. Lowrance, P. Marley, M. S. Charbonneau, D. Patten, B. M. Megeath, S. T. Buzasi, D. TI A sensitive search for variability in late L dwarfs: The quest for weather SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (DENIS-P J0255-4700, 2MASS J0908+5032; 2MASS J2244+2043); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : variables : other ID TIME-SERIES OBSERVATIONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; BROWN DWARFS; T-DWARFS; PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY; BAND VARIABILITY; COOL DWARFS; TRANSITION AB We have conducted a photometric monitoring program of three field late L brown dwarfs (DENIS-P J0255-4700, 2MASS J0908+5032, and 2MASS J2244+2043) looking for evidence of nonaxisymmetric structure or temporal variability in their photospheres. The observations were performed using Spitzer IRAC 4.5 and 8 mu m bandpasses and were designed to cover at least one rotational period of each object; 1 sigma rms uncertainties of less than 3 mmag at 4.5 mu m and around 9 mmag at 8 mu m were achieved. Two out of the three objects studied exhibit some modulation in their light curves at 4.5 mu m-but not 8 mu m-with periods of 7.4 hr (DENIS 0255) and 4.6 hr (2MA 2244) and peak-to-peak amplitudes of 10 and 8 mmag. Although the lack of detectable 8 mu m variation suggests an instrumental origin for the detected variations, the data may nevertheless still be consistent with intrinsic variability, since the shorter wavelength IRAC bandpasses probe more deeply into late L dwarf atmospheres than the longer wavelengths. A cloud feature occupying a small percentage (1%-2%) of the visible hemisphere could account for the observed amplitude of variation. If, instead, the variability is indeed instrumental in origin, then our nonvariable L dwarfs could be either completely covered with clouds or objects whose clouds are smaller and uniformly distributed. Such scenarios would lead to very small photometric variations. Follow-up IRAC photometry at 3.6 and 5.8 mu m bandpasses should distinguish between the two cases. In any event, the present observations provide the most sensitive search to date for structure in the photospheres of late L dwarfs at mid-IR wavelengths, and our photometry provides stringent upper limits to the extent to which the photospheres of these transition L dwarfs are structured. C1 INTA, LAEFF, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Morales-Calderon, M (reprint author), INTA, LAEFF, POB 50727, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. EM mariamc@laeff.inta.es RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017; Morales-Calderon, Maria/C-8384-2017; OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242; Morales-Calderon, Maria/0000-0001-9526-9499; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 36 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 1454 EP 1463 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200052 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JP Buchler, JR Marquette, JB Hartman, JD Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A AF Beaulieu, J. -P. Buchler, J. Robert Marquette, J. -B. Hartman, J. D. Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A. TI Detection of beat Cepheids in M33 and their use as a probe of the M33 metallicity distribution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; galaxies : abundances; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (M33); stars : oscillations (including pulsations) ID DOUBLE-MODE CEPHEIDS; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; PERIOD RATIOS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; OPAL OPACITIES; STARS; ABUNDANCES; PULSATION; GRADIENT AB Our analysis of the deep CFHT M33 variability survey database has uncovered five beat Cepheids that are pulsating in the fundamental and first-overtone modes. With only the help of stellar pulsation theory and of massluminosity relations, derived from evolutionary tracks, we can accurately determine the metallicities Z of these stars. The [O/H] metallicity gradient of -0.16 dex kpc(-1) that is inferred from the M33 galactocentric distances of these Cepheids and from their "pulsation" metallicities is in excellent agreement with the standard spectroscopic metallicity gradients that are determined from H ii regions, early-B supergiant stars, and planetary nebulae. Beat Cepheids can thus provide an additional, independent probe of galactic metallicity distributions. C1 Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland. RP Beaulieu, JP (reprint author), Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. OI Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP L101 EP L104 DI 10.1086/510453 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PZ UT WOS:000242955500007 ER PT J AU Rey, AM Calzetta, EA Hu, BL AF Rey, Ana M. Calzetta, Esteban A. Hu, Bei-Lok TI Bose-Einstein condensate superfluid - Mott insulator transition in an optical lattice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA HO Univ Buenos Aires DE Bose-Einstein condensates; phase transitions; Mott transition AB We present in this paper an analytical model for a cold bosonic gas on an optical lattice (with densities of the order of 1 particle per site) targeting the critical regime of the Bose - Einstein Condensate superfluid - Mott insulator transition. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM arey@cfa.harvard.edu; calzetta@df.uba.ar; hub@physics.umd.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 30-31 SI SI BP 5214 EP 5217 DI 10.1142/S0217979206036284 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 122OU UT WOS:000243237100030 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, AM Chmura, AA Gibbons, DW Fleischer, RC Marra, PP Daszak, P AF Kilpatrick, A. Marm Chmura, Aleksei A. Gibbons, David W. Fleischer, Robert C. Marra, Peter P. Daszak, Peter TI Predicting the global spread of H5N1 avian influenza SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE emerging; introduced species; model; trade; zoonotic disease ID WILD BIRDS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; VIRUS; DUCKS; WATERFOWL; OUTBREAKS; ASIA AB The spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza into Asia, Europe, and Africa has resulted in enormous impacts on the poultry industry and presents an important threat to human health. The pathways by which the virus has and will spread between countries have been debated extensively, but have yet to be analyzed comprehensively and quantitatively. We integrated data on phylogenetic relationships of virus isolates, migratory bird movements, and trade in poultry and wild birds to determine the pathway for 52 individual introduction events into countries and predict future spread. We show that 9 of 21 of H5N1 introductions to countries in Asia were most likely through poultry, and 3 of 21 were most likely through migrating birds. In contrast, spread to most (20/23) countries in Europe was most likely through migratory birds. Spread in Africa was likely partly by poultry (2/8 introductions) and partly by migrating birds (3/8). Our analyses predict that H5N1 is more likely to be introduced into the Western Hemisphere through infected poultry and into the mainland United States by subsequent movement of migrating birds from neighboring countries, rather than from eastern Siberia. These results highlight the potential synergism between trade and wild animal movement in the emergence and pandemic spread of pathogens and demonstrate the value of predictive models for disease control. C1 Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Kilpatrick, AM (reprint author), Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM kilpatrick@conservationmedicine.org FU FIC NIH HHS [R01 TW005869, R01-TW05869]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25490] NR 28 TC 322 Z9 341 U1 5 U2 54 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 51 BP 19368 EP 19373 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609227103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 121OJ UT WOS:000243166600028 PM 17158217 ER PT J AU McGill, GE Campbell, BA AF McGill, George E. Campbell, Bruce A. TI Radar properties as clues to relative ages of ridge belts and plains on Venus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID HISTORY; VIEW AB An ongoing issue regarding the crustal evolution of Venus is whether or not certain features and processes occurred in the same sequence and at the same time globally. This paper seeks to test one aspect of "directional'' models for the geologic history: the inference that all ridge belts are older than regional plains. This test involves traditional geologic analysis, but also involves the use of radar properties in a unique way. We use a simplified model for the ridge shape, and an estimate of the diffuse scattering behavior of the Venus surface, to determine the "true'' backscatter coefficient of the slope of the ridge tilted away from the radar, and ratio this value to the echoes from nearby plains units. In general, ridge-forming terrain in these belts appears to have greater inferred backscatter coefficients, and thus decimeter-scale roughness, than the regional plains. Plains units closely adjacent to many ridge belts have higher backscatter than plains at some distance, which we infer is generally due to aeolian deposition of debris characterized by centimeter-scale microdunes or ripples where the belt topography interferes with wind patterns. The rougher apparent surface texture within the belt-forming terrain is not consistent with the gentle folding that forms the ridges, and so is likely a result of weathering or tectonic processes operating prior to belt deformation. We thus conclude that the material incorporated in the ridge belts we have studied predates the surrounding regional plains. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP McGill, GE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Morrill Sci Ctr, 611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM gmcgill@geo.umass.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12006 DI 10.1029/2006JE002705 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 118MB UT WOS:000242945300001 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bollen, D Bell, JF Bruckner, J Cabrol, NA Calvin, WM Carr, MH Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ d'Uston, C Economou, T Farmer, J Farrand, WH Folkner, W Gellert, R Glotch, TD Golombek, M Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Herkenhoff, KE Hviid, S Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Knoll, AH Landis, G Lemmon, M Li, R Madsen, MB Malin, MC McLennan, SM McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Morris, RV Parker, T Rice, JW Richter, L Rieder, R Schroder, C Sims, M Smith, M Smith, P Soderblom, LA Sullivan, R Tosca, NJ Wanke, H Wdowiak, T Wolff, M Yen, A AF Squyres, S. W. Arvidson, R. E. Bollen, D. Bell, J. F., III Brueckner, J. Cabrol, N. A. Calvin, W. M. Carr, M. H. Christensen, P. R. Clark, B. C. Crumpler, L. Des Marais, D. J. d'Uston, C. Economou, T. Farmer, J. Farrand, W. H. Folkner, W. Gellert, R. Glotch, T. D. Golombek, M. Gorevan, S. Grant, J. A. Greeley, R. Grotzinger, J. Herkenhoff, K. E. Hviid, S. Johnson, J. R. Klingelhoefer, G. Knoll, A. H. Landis, G. Lemmon, M. Li, R. Madsen, M. B. Malin, M. C. McLennan, S. M. McSween, H. Y. Ming, D. W. Moersch, J. Morris, R. V. Parker, T. Rice, J. W., Jr. Richter, L. Rieder, R. Schroeder, C. Sims, M. Smith, M. Smith, P. Soderblom, L. A. Sullivan, R. Tosca, N. J. Waenke, H. Wdowiak, T. Wolff, M. Yen, A. TI Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle crater to Purgatory ripple SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID HEMATITE MINERALIZATION; LANDING SITE; MINERALOGY; SPECTROMETER; ROCKS; WATER; CHEMISTRY; JAROSITE; STREAKS; SOILS AB The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity touched down at Meridiani Planum in January 2004 and since then has been conducting observations with the Athena science payload. The rover has traversed more than 5 km, carrying out the first outcrop-scale investigation of sedimentary rocks on Mars. The rocks of Meridiani Planum are sandstones formed by eolian and aqueous reworking of sand grains that are composed of mixed fine-grained siliciclastics and sulfates. The siliciclastic fraction was produced by chemical alteration of a precursor basalt. The sulfates are dominantly Mg-sulfates and also include Ca-sulfates and jarosite. The stratigraphic section observed to date is dominated by eolian bedforms, with subaqueous current ripples exposed near the top of the section. After deposition, interaction with groundwater produced a range of diagenetic features, notably the hematite-rich concretions known as "blueberries." The bedrock at Meridiani is highly friable and has undergone substantial erosion by wind-transported basaltic sand. This sand, along with concretions and concretion fragments eroded from the rock, makes up a soil cover that thinly and discontinuously buries the bedrock. The soil surface exhibits both ancient and active wind ripples that record past and present wind directions. Loose rocks on the soil surface are rare and include both impact ejecta and meteorites. While Opportunity's results show that liquid water was once present at Meridiani Planum below and occasionally at the surface, the environmental conditions recorded were dominantly arid, acidic, and oxidizing and would have posed some significant challenges to the origin of life. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. NASA Ames SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10001 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. DLR Inst Space Simulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Space Sci Inst, Martinez, GA 30907 USA. RP Squyres, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 428 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM squyres@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu RI Glotch, Timothy/B-6829-2008; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; NR 48 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S12 DI 10.1029/2006JE002771 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 118LY UT WOS:000242945000001 ER PT J AU Yen, AS Mittlefehldt, DW McLennan, SM Gellert, R Bell, JF McSween, HY Ming, DW McCoy, TJ Morris, RV Golombek, M Economou, T Madsen, MB Wdowiak, T Clark, BC Jolliff, BL Schroder, C Bruckner, J Zipfel, J Squyres, SW AF Yen, A. S. Mittlefehldt, D. W. McLennan, S. M. Gellert, R. Bell, J. F., III McSween, H. Y., Jr. Ming, D. W. McCoy, T. J. Morris, R. V. Golombek, M. Economou, T. Madsen, M. B. Wdowiak, T. Clark, B. C. Jolliff, B. L. Schroeder, C. Brueckner, J. Zipfel, J. Squyres, S. W. TI Nickel on Mars: Constraints on meteoritic material at the surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES EXPERIMENTS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; GUSEV CRATER; INTERPLANETARY DUST; CHEMISTRY; SOILS; ROCKS; MINERALOGY; HEMATITE AB Impact craters and the discovery of meteorites on Mars indicate clearly that there is meteoritic material at the Martian surface. The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometers (APXS) on board the Mars Exploration Rovers measure the elemental chemistry of Martian samples, enabling an assessment of the magnitude of the meteoritic contribution. Nickel, an element that is greatly enhanced in meteoritic material relative to samples of the Martian crust, is directly detected by the APXS and is observed to be geochemically mobile at the Martian surface. Correlations between nickel and other measured elements are used to constrain the quantity of meteoritic material present in Martian soil and sedimentary rock samples. Results indicate that analyzed soils samples and certain sedimentary rocks contain an average of 1% to 3% contamination from meteoritic debris. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Forschungsinst & Nat Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany. RP Yen, AS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Code 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM albert.yen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111 NR 93 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S11 DI 10.1029/2006JE002797 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 118LY UT WOS:000242945000002 ER PT J AU Brownlee, D Tsou, P Aleon, J Alexander, CMO Araki, T Bajt, S Baratta, GA Bastien, R Bland, P Bleuet, P Borg, J Bradley, JP Brearley, A Brenker, F Brennan, S Bridges, JC Browning, ND Brucato, JR Bullock, E Burchell, MJ Busemann, H Butterworth, A Chaussidon, M Cheuvront, A Chi, MF Cintala, MJ Clark, BC Clemett, SJ Cody, G Colangeli, L Cooper, G Cordier, P Daghlian, C Dai, ZR D'Hendecourt, L Djouadi, Z Dominguez, G Duxbury, T Dworkin, JP Ebel, DS Economou, TE Fakra, S Fairey, SAJ Fallon, S Ferrini, G Ferroir, T Fleckenstein, H Floss, C Flynn, G Franchi, IA Fries, M Gainsforth, Z Gallien, JP Genge, M Gilles, MK Gillet, P Gilmour, J Glavin, DP Gounelle, M Grady, MM Graham, GA Grant, PG Green, SF Grossemy, F Grossman, L Grossman, JN Guan, Y Hagiya, K Harvey, R Heck, P Herzog, GF Hoppe, P Horz, F Huth, J Hutcheon, ID Ignatyev, K Ishii, H Ito, M Jacob, D Jacobsen, C Jacobsen, S Jones, S Joswiak, D Jurewicz, A Kearsley, AT Keller, LP Khodja, H Kilcoyne, ALD Kissel, J Krot, A Langenhorst, F Lanzirotti, A Le, L Leshin, LA Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Liu, MC Luening, K Lyon, I MacPherson, G Marcus, MA Marhas, K Marty, B Matrajt, G McKeegan, K Meibom, A Mennella, V Messenger, K Messenger, S Mikouchi, T Mostefaoui, S Nakamura, T Nakano, T Newville, M Nittler, LR Ohnishi, I Ohsumi, K Okudaira, K Papanastassiou, DA Palma, R Palumbo, ME Pepin, RO Perkins, D Perronnet, M Pianetta, P Rao, W Rietmeijer, FJM Robert, F Rost, D Rotundi, A Ryan, R Sandford, SA Schwandt, CS See, TH Schlutter, D Sheffield-Parker, J Simionovici, A Simon, S Sitnitsky, I Snead, CJ Spencer, MK Stadermann, FJ Steele, A Stephan, T Stroud, R Susini, J Sutton, SR Suzuki, Y Taheri, M Taylor, S Teslich, N Tomeoka, K Tomioka, N Toppani, A Trigo-Rodriguez, JM Troadec, D Tsuchiyama, A Tuzzolino, AJ Tyliszczak, T Uesugi, K Velbel, M Vellenga, J Vicenzi, E Vincze, L Warren, J Weber, I Weisberg, M Westphal, AJ Wirick, S Wooden, D Wopenka, B Wozniakiewicz, P Wright, I Yabuta, H Yano, H Young, ED Zare, RN Zega, T Ziegler, K Zimmerman, L Zinner, E Zolensky, M AF Brownlee, Don Tsou, Peter Aleon, Jerome Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Araki, Tohru Bajt, Sasa Baratta, Giuseppe A. Bastien, Ron Bland, Phil Bleuet, Pierre Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Brearley, Adrian Brenker, F. Brennan, Sean Bridges, John C. Browning, Nigel D. Brucato, John R. Bullock, E. Burchell, Mark J. Busemann, Henner Butterworth, Anna Chaussidon, Marc Cheuvront, Allan Chi, Miaofang Cintala, Mark J. Clark, B. C. Clemett, Simon J. Cody, George Colangeli, Luigi Cooper, George Cordier, Patrick Daghlian, C. Dai, Zurong D'Hendecourt, Louis Djouadi, Zahia Dominguez, Gerardo Duxbury, Tom Dworkin, Jason P. Ebel, Denton S. Economou, Thanasis E. Fakra, Sirine Fairey, Sam A. J. Fallon, Stewart Ferrini, Gianluca Ferroir, T. Fleckenstein, Holger Floss, Christine Flynn, George Franchi, Ian A. Fries, Marc Gainsforth, Z. Gallien, J. -P. Genge, Matt Gilles, Mary K. Gillet, Philipe Gilmour, Jamie Glavin, Daniel P. Gounelle, Matthieu Grady, Monica M. Graham, Giles A. Grant, P. G. Green, Simon F. Grossemy, Faustine Grossman, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Guan, Yunbin Hagiya, Kenji Harvey, Ralph Heck, Philipp Herzog, Gregory F. Hoppe, Peter Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Hutcheon, Ian D. Ignatyev, Konstantin Ishii, Hope Ito, Motoo Jacob, Damien Jacobsen, Chris Jacobsen, Stein Jones, Steven Joswiak, David Jurewicz, Amy Kearsley, Anton T. Keller, Lindsay P. Khodja, H. Kilcoyne, A. L. David Kissel, Jochen Krot, Alexander Langenhorst, Falko Lanzirotti, Antonio Le, Loan Leshin, Laurie A. Leitner, J. Lemelle, L. Leroux, Hugues Liu, Ming-Chang Luening, K. Lyon, Ian MacPherson, Glen Marcus, Matthew A. Marhas, Kuljeet Marty, Bernard Matrajt, Graciela McKeegan, Kevin Meibom, Anders Mennella, Vito Messenger, Keiko Messenger, Scott Mikouchi, Takashi Mostefaoui, Smail Nakamura, Tomoki Nakano, T. Newville, M. Nittler, Larry R. Ohnishi, Ichiro Ohsumi, Kazumasa Okudaira, Kyoko Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Palma, Russ Palumbo, Maria E. Pepin, Robert O. Perkins, David Perronnet, Murielle Pianetta, P. Rao, William Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Robert, Francois Rost, D. Rotundi, Alessandra Ryan, Robert Sandford, Scott A. Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Schlutter, Dennis Sheffield-Parker, J. Simionovici, Alexandre Simon, Steven Sitnitsky, I. Snead, Christopher J. Spencer, Maegan K. Stadermann, Frank J. Steele, Andrew Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Susini, Jean Sutton, S. R. Suzuki, Y. Taheri, Mitra Taylor, Susan Teslich, Nick Tomeoka, Kazu Tomioka, Naotaka Toppani, Alice Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Troadec, David Tsuchiyama, Akira Tuzzolino, Anthony J. Tyliszczak, Tolek Uesugi, K. Velbel, Michael Vellenga, Joe Vicenzi, E. Vincze, L. Warren, Jack Weber, Iris Weisberg, Mike Westphal, Andrew J. Wirick, Sue Wooden, Diane Wopenka, Brigitte Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Wright, Ian Yabuta, Hikaru Yano, Hajime Young, Edward D. Zare, Richard N. Zega, Thomas Ziegler, Karen Zimmerman, Laurent Zinner, Ernst Zolensky, Michael TI Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; SOLAR NEBULA; KUIPER BELT; P/WILD 2; GRAINS; MINERALOGY; NUCLEUS; ORIGIN AB The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy. NASA, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 2AZ, England. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Littleton, CO 80125 USA. NASA, ERC Inc, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Novaetech SRL, Naples, Italy. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69007 Lyon, France. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. CEA Saclay, Lab Pierre Sue, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, USM 0205, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. ESCG, Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-4400 Munster, Germany. Univ Lille, Lille, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, F-75005 Paris, France. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Ibaraki, Japan. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Univ Parthenope, Dipartimento Sci Applicate, Naples, Italy. NASA, Astrophys Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Engn Sci Contract Barrios Technol Astromat Res &, Houston, TX 77258 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Inst, Hyogo, Japan. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Brownlee, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brownlee@astro.washington.edu RI Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016; Yabuta, Hikaru/M-9041-2014; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; Liu, Ming-Chang/D-1885-2010; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017; Zare, Richard/A-8410-2009; Jacobsen, Stein/B-1759-2013; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Gilmour, Jamie/G-7515-2011; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013 OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655; Palumbo, MariaElisabetta/0000-0002-9122-491X; Busemann, Henner/0000-0002-0867-6908; Baratta, Giuseppe/0000-0002-3688-160X; Grady, Monica/0000-0002-4055-533X; Gilmour, Jamie/0000-0003-1990-8636; Brucato, John Robert/0000-0002-4738-5521; Rotundi, Alessandra/0000-0001-5467-157X; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Yabuta, Hikaru/0000-0002-4625-5362; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427 NR 26 TC 552 Z9 554 U1 13 U2 137 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1711 EP 1716 DI 10.1126/science.1135840 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600041 PM 17170289 ER PT J AU Flynn, GJ Bleuet, P Borg, J Bradley, JP Brenker, FE Brennan, S Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Bullock, ES Burghammer, M Clark, BC Dai, ZR Daghlian, CP Djouadi, Z Fakra, S Ferroir, T Floss, C Franchi, IA Gainsforth, Z Gallien, JP Gillet, P Grant, PG Graham, GA Green, SF Grossemy, F Heck, PR Herzog, GF Hoppe, P Horz, F Huth, J Ignatyev, K Ishii, HA Janssens, K Joswiak, D Kearsley, AT Khodja, H Lanzirotti, A Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Luening, K MacPherson, GJ Marhas, KK Marcus, MA Matrajt, G Nakamura, T Nakamura-Messenger, K Nakano, T Newville, M Papanastassiou, DA Pianetta, P Rao, W Riekel, C Rietmeijer, FJM Rost, D Schwandt, CS See, TH Sheffield-Parker, J Simionovici, A Sitnitsky, I Snead, CJ Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Stroud, RM Susini, J Suzuki, Y Sutton, SR Taylor, S Teslich, N Troadec, D Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Uesugi, K Vekemans, B Vicenzi, EP Vincze, L Westphal, AJ Wozniakiewicz, P Zinner, E Zolensky, ME AF Flynn, George J. Bleuet, Pierre Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Brenker, Frank E. Brennan, Sean Bridges, John Brownlee, Don E. Bullock, Emma S. Burghammer, Manfred Clark, Benton C. Dai, Zu Rong Daghlian, Charles P. Djouadi, Zahia Fakra, Sirine Ferroir, Tristan Floss, Christine Franchi, Ian A. Gainsforth, Zack Gallien, Jean-Paul Gillet, Philippe Grant, Patrick G. Graham, Giles A. Green, Simon F. Grossemy, Faustine Heck, Philipp R. Herzog, Gregory F. Hoppe, Peter Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Ignatyev, Konstantin Ishii, Hope A. Janssens, Koen Joswiak, David Kearsley, Anton T. Khodja, Hicham Lanzirotti, Antonio Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Luening, Katharina MacPherson, Glenn J. Marhas, Kuljeet K. Marcus, Matthew A. Matrajt, Graciela Nakamura, Tomoki Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Nakano, Tsukasa Newville, Matthew Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Pianetta, Piero Rao, William Riekel, Christian Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Rost, Detlef Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Sheffield-Parker, Julie Simionovici, Alexandre Sitnitsky, Ilona Snead, Christopher J. Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda M. Susini, Jean Suzuki, Yoshio Sutton, Stephen R. Taylor, Susan Teslich, Nick Troadec, D. Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Uesugi, Kentaro Vekemans, Bart Vicenzi, Edward P. Vincze, Laszlo Westphal, Andrew J. Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Zinner, Ernst Zolensky, Michael E. TI Elemental compositions of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples collected by Stardust SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT; ABUNDANCES; SOLAR; DUST AB We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed (similar to 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements. C1 SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Mineral, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Lockheed Martin, Denver, CO 80201 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, CEA, Lab Pierre Sue, Saclay, France. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn & Sci Contract Grp Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Lille, Lille, France. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. XRT Ltd, Port Melbourne, Vic, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst SPring8, Hyogo, Japan. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. RP Flynn, GJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. EM george.flynn@plattsburgh.edu RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016; Janssens, Koen/B-8049-2011; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Janssens, Koen/0000-0002-6752-6408; Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655 NR 17 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1731 EP 1735 DI 10.1126/science.1136141 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600046 PM 17170294 ER PT J AU Watters, TR Leuschen, CJ Plaut, JJ Picardi, G Safaeinili, A Clifford, SM Farrell, WM Ivanov, AB Phillips, RJ Stofan, ER AF Watters, Thomas R. Leuschen, Carl J. Plaut, Jeffrey J. Picardi, Giovanni Safaeinili, Ali Clifford, Stephen M. Farrell, William M. Ivanov, Anton B. Phillips, Roger J. Stofan, Ellen R. TI MARSIS radar sounder evidence of buried basins in the northern lowlands of Mars SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CRUSTAL DICHOTOMY; GIANT IMPACT; MANTLE; ORIGIN AB A hemispheric dichotomy on Mars is marked by the sharp contrast between the sparsely cratered northern lowland plains and the heavily cratered southern highlands. Mechanisms proposed to remove ancient crust or form younger lowland crust include one or more giant impacts, subcrustal transport by mantle convection, the generation of thinner crust by plate tectonics, and mantle overturn following solidification of an early magma ocean(1-7). The age of the northern lowland crust is a significant constraint on these models. The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) instrument on the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft is providing new constraints on the martian subsurface(8). Here we show evidence of buried impact basins ranging in diameter from about 130 km to 470 km found over 14 per cent of the northern lowlands. The number of detected buried basins >200 km in diameter indicates that the lowland crust is ancient, dating back to the Early Noachian epoch. This crater density is a lower limit because of the likelihood that not all buried basins in the area surveyed by MARSIS have been detected. An Early Noachian age for the lowland crust has been previously suggested on the basis of a large number of quasi-circular topographic depressions interpreted to be evidence of buried basins(9-11). Only a few of these depressions in the area surveyed by MARSIS, however, correlate with the detected subsurface echoes. On the basis of the MARSIS data, we conclude that the northern lowland crust is at least as old as the oldest exposed highland crust. This suggests that the crustal dichotomy formed early in the geologic evolution of Mars. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Proxemy Res, Laytonville, MD 20882 USA. RP Watters, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM watterst@si.edu RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013; Ivanov, Anton/C-8944-2014 OI Ivanov, Anton/0000-0001-8376-8581 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 444 IS 7121 BP 905 EP 908 DI 10.1038/nature05356 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116LW UT WOS:000242805400050 PM 17167480 ER PT J AU Scarbrough, AG Perez-Gelabert, DE AF Scarbrough, Aubrey G. Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. TI A review of the asilid (Diptera) fauna from Hispaniola with six genera new to the island, fifteen new species, and checklist SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Asilidae; new species; distribution records; Hispaniola AB The robber fly fauna of the 6 subfamilies Apocleinae, Asilinae, Laphrinae, Ommatiinae, Stenopogoninae, and Trigonomiminae of Hispaniola with special reference to the Dominican Republic is reviewed in light of new collections. This paper reports 6 genera (Cerotainia Schiner, Eumecosoma Schiner, Holcocephala Jaennicke, Pilica Curran, Proctacanthella Bromley, and Rhopalogaster Macquart) new to the island, increasing the number to 20. Within the West Indies, Eumecosoma, Holcocephala, Pilica, and Proctacanthella are only known from Hispaniola. Also, 33 species are reported, including 15 new species (Atomosia anacaona, A. ciguaya, A. jagua, A. jimagua, A. yurabia, Cerotainia sola, Eumecosoma caerulum, Holcocephala indigena, Ommatius geminus, O. laticrus, O. maculosus, O. praelongus, Proctacanthella taina, Plesiomma simile, and Rhopalogaster albidus), increasing the number to 62 species plus 2 species in Dominican amber. The male of O. cinnamomeus Scarbrough & females of Plesiomma inflatum and Proctacanthus darlingtoni Curran are reported for the first time. The Ommatius lucidatus species group is established with 8 extant and 2 fossil species. Plesiomma angustum (Macquart) and Atoniomyia mikii (Williston) are rediscovered and redescribed. Plesiomma lineata (Fabricius) is removed from the distribution list for Cuba and Jamaica and Neophoneus is removed from the list of West Indies asilids because of an error in identification. Neophoneus flavotibis Bigot tentatively diagnosed as belonging to the genus Efferia. Plesiomma macra Loew is removed from synonymy. Significant structures of most species are illustrated and keys to selected species are included. At least one species of Atoniomyia and Pilica remain undescribed from this survey. New distribution records for most species and a checklist of the Hispaniolan fauna are also included. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Scarbrough, AG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85741 USA. EM saubrey05@comcast.net; perezd@si.edu NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 14 PY 2006 IS 1381 BP 1 EP 91 PG 91 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 118GJ UT WOS:000242930100001 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Nascimento, HEM Laurance, SG Andrade, A Ribeiro, JELS Giraldo, JP Lovejoy, TE Condit, R Chave, J Harms, KE D'Angelo, S AF Laurance, William F. Nascimento, Henrique E. M. Laurance, Susan G. Andrade, Ana Ribeiro, Jose E. L. S. Giraldo, Juan Pablo Lovejoy, Thomas E. Condit, Richard Chave, Jerome Harms, Kyle E. D'Angelo, Sammya TI Rapid decay of tree-community composition in Amazonian forest fragments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE edge effects; floristic composition; forest dynamics; habitat fragmentation; tree communities ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; CONSERVATION; RECRUITMENT; ENVIRONMENT; ABUNDANCE; HISTORY; FUTURE AB Forest fragmentation is considered a greater threat to vertebrates than to tree communities because individual trees are typically long-lived and require only small areas for survival. Here we show that forest fragmentation provokes surprisingly rapid and profound alterations in Amazonian tree-community composition. Results were derived from a 22-year study of exceptionally diverse tree communities in 40 1-ha plots in fragmented and intact forests, which were sampled repeatedly before and after fragment isolation. Within these plots, trajectories of change in abundance were assessed for 267 genera and 1,162 tree species. Abrupt shifts in floristic composition were driven by sharply accelerated tree mortality and recruitment within approximate to 100 m of fragment margins, causing rapid species turnover and population declines or local extinctions of many large-seeded, slow-growing, and old-growth taxa; a striking increase in a smaller set of disturbance-adapted and abiotically dispersed species; and significant shifts in tree size distributions. Even among old-growth trees, species composition in fragments is being restructured substantially, with subcanopy species that rely on animal seed-dispersers and have obligate outbreeding being the most strongly disadvantaged. These diverse changes in tree communities are likely to have wide-ranging impacts on forest architecture, canopy-gap dynamics, plant-animal interactions, and forest carbon storage. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Dept Bot, INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Diver Biol, CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Nascimento, Henrique/F-8612-2012; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011; Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/A-8574-2013 OI Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933; Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/0000-0002-2389-5631 NR 51 TC 172 Z9 182 U1 16 U2 87 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 50 BP 19010 EP 19014 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609048103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 117PC UT WOS:000242884200026 PM 17148598 ER PT J AU Cox, TJ Jonsson, P Primack, JR Somerville, RS AF Cox, T. J. Jonsson, Patrik Primack, Joel R. Somerville, Rachel S. TI Feedback in simulations of disc-galaxy major mergers SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE methods : numerical; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : starburst ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; COLD DARK-MATTER; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GLOBAL SCHMIDT LAW; X-RAY-EMISSION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS AB Using hydrodynamic simulations of disc-galaxy major mergers, we investigate the star formation history and remnant properties when various parametrizations of a simple stellar feedback model are implemented. The simulations include radiative cooling, a density-dependent star formation recipe and a model for feedback from massive stars. The feedback model stores supernova feedback energy within individual gas particles and dissipates this energy on a time-scale specified by two free parameters; tau(fb), which sets the dissipative time-scale, and n, which sets the effective equation of state in star-forming regions. Via this model, feedback energy can provide pressure support to regions of gas that are thermally cold. Using a self-consistent disc galaxy, modelled after a local Sbc spiral, in both isolated and major-merger simulations, we investigate parametrizations of the feedback model that are selected with respect to the quiescent disc stability. These models produce a range of star formation histories for discs evolved in isolation, or during a major merger, yet all are consistent with the star formation relation found by Kennicutt. We suggest that this result is produced by the adopted recipe for star formation and is not a byproduct of the feedback model. All major mergers produce a population of new stars that is highly centrally concentrated, demonstrating a distinct break in the r(1/4) surface density profile, consistent with previous findings. The half-mass radius and one-dimensional velocity dispersion are affected by the feedback model used. In tests with up to an order of magnitude higher resolution, the star formation history is nearly identical, suggesting that we have achieved a numerically converged star formation history. Finally, we compare our results to those of previous simulations of star formation in disc-galaxy major mergers, addressing the effects of star formation normalization, the version of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) employed and assumptions about the interstellar medium. We conclude by suggesting several methods by which future studies may better constrain feedback models. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Cox, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM tcox@cfa.harvard.edu NR 138 TC 198 Z9 198 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 373 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1038 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.11107.x PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 121JC UT WOS:000243152900007 ER PT J AU Casares, J Cornelisse, R Steeghs, D Charles, PA Hynes, RI O'Brien, K Strohmayer, TE AF Casares, J. Cornelisse, R. Steeghs, D. Charles, P. A. Hynes, R. I. O'Brien, K. Strohmayer, T. E. TI Detection of the irradiated donor in the LMXBs 4U 1636-536 (=V801 Ara) and 4U 1735-444 (=V926 Sco) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual : V801 Ara; stars : individual : V926 Sco; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; ORBITAL PERIOD; BOWEN FLUORESCENCE; NEUTRON-STAR; SCORPIUS X-1; MASS; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMETRY; X1735-444 AB Phase-resolved VLT spectroscopy of the bursting low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1636-536/V801 Ara and 4U 1735-444/V926 Sco is presented. Doppler images of the N-III lambda 4640 Bowen transition reveal compact spots which we attribute to fluorescent emission from the donor star and enable us to define a new set of spectroscopic ephemerides. We measure K-em = 277 +/- 22 and 226 +/- 22 km s(-1) from the N III spots in V801 Ara and V926 Sco, respectively, which represent strict lower limits to the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor stars. Our new ephemerides provide confirmation that light-curve maxima in V801 Ara and likely V926 Sco occur at superior conjunction of the donor star and hence photometric modulation is caused by the visibility of the X-ray heated donor. The velocities of He it lambda 4686 and the broad Bowen blend are strongly modulated with the orbital period, with phasing supporting emission dominated by the disc bulge. In addition, a reanalysis of burst oscillations in V801 Ara, using our spectroscopic T-0, leads to K-1 = 90-113 km s(-1). We also estimate the K-corrections for all possible disc flaring angles and present the first dynamical constraints on the masses of these X-ray bursters. These are K-2 = 360 +/- 74 km s(-1),f (M) = 0.76 +/- 0.47 M-circle dot and q = 0.21-0.34 for V801 Ara and K-2 = 298 +/- 83 km s(-1) ,f(M) = 0.53 +/- 0.44 M-circle dot and q = 0.05-0.41 for V926 Sco. Disc flaring angles alpha >= 12 degrees and q similar or equal to 0.26-0.34 are favoured for V801 Ara whereas the lack of K, constraint for V926 Sco prevents tight constraints on this system. Although both binaries seem to have intermediate inclinations, the larger equivalent width of the narrow N III line in V801 Ara at phase 0.5 relative to phase 0 suggests that it has the higher inclination of the two. C1 Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Casares, J (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. EM jcv@iac.es; comelis@astro.soton.ac.uk; dsteeghs@head.cfa.harvard.edu; pac@saao.ac.za; rih@phys.lsu.edu; kobrien@eso.org; stroh@clarence.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 40 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 373 IS 3 BP 1235 EP 1244 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11106.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 121JC UT WOS:000243152900024 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Prathapan, KD AF Konstantinov, A. S. Prathapan, K. D. TI Kashmirobia, a new genus of flea beetles from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; new genus; Oriental Region AB A new genus, Kashmirobia, with the type species Aphthona hugeli Jacoby from the Oriental Region is described and illustrated. Comparative notes are provided. Host plant of K. hugeli is Euphorbia neriifolia L. ( Euphorbiaceae). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov; prathapankd@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 11 PY 2006 IS 1377 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 114TY UT WOS:000242689700005 ER PT J AU Weedman, D Polletta, M Lonsdale, CJ Wilkes, BJ Siana, B Houck, JR Surace, J Shupe, D Farrah, D Smith, HE AF Weedman, D. Polletta, M. Lonsdale, C. J. Wilkes, B. J. Siana, B. Houck, J. R. Surace, J. Shupe, D. Farrah, D. Smith, H. E. TI Active galactic nucleus and starburst classification from Spitzer mid-infrared spectra for high-redshift SWIRE sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : active; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MARKARIAN 231; EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; SPECTROGRAPH IRS; ARRAY CAMERA; SPECTROSCOPY; QUASARS AB Spectra have been obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope for 20 sources in the Lockman Hole field of the SWIRE survey. The sample is divided between sources with indicators of an obscured AGN, based primarily on X-ray detections of optically faint sources, and sources with indicators of a starburst, based on optical and near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs), which show a luminosity peak from stellar photospheric emission. Ten of the 11 AGN sources have IRS spectra that show silicate absorption or are power laws; only one AGN source shows PAH emission features. All nine of the sources showing starburst SEDs in the near-infrared show PAH emission features in the IRS spectra. Redshifts are determined from the IRS spectra for all nine starbursts (1.0 < z < 1.9) and 8 of the 11 AGNs (0.6 < z < 2.5). Classification as AGN because of an X-ray detection, the classification as AGN or starburst derived from the photometric SED, and the IRS spectroscopic classification as AGN (silicate absorption) or starburst (PAH emission) are all consistent in 18 of 20 sources. The surface density for starbursts that are most luminous in the mid-infrared is less than that for the most luminous AGNs within the redshift interval 1.7 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.9. This result implies that mid-infrared source counts at high redshift are dominated by AGNs for f(v)(24 mu m) greater than or similar to 1.0 mJy. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Weedman, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dweedman@astro.cornell.edu OI Polletta, Maria del Carmen/0000-0001-7411-5386; Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 46 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1086/508647 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800007 ER PT J AU David, LP Jones, C Forman, W Vargas, IM Nulsen, P AF David, Laurence P. Jones, Christine Forman, William Vargas, Iris Monica Nulsen, Paul TI The hot gas content of low-luminosity early-type galaxies and the implications regarding supernova heating and active galactic nucleus feedback SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical lenticular, cD; galaxies : ISM; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : ISM ID X-RAY BINARIES; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; VIRGO CLUSTER; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; NEARBY GALAXIES; COMA-CLUSTER AB We have analyzed Chandra observations of 18 low-luminosity early-type galaxies with L-B less than or similar to 3 x 10(10) L circle dot(B). Thermal emission from hot gas with temperatures between 0.2 and 0.8 keV comprises 5%-70% of the total 0.5-2.0 keVemission from these galaxies. We find that the total X-ray luminosity from LMXBs (resolved plus the power-law component of the unresolved emission) scales roughly linearly with the K-band luminosity of the galaxies with a normalization comparable to that found in more luminous early-type galaxies. All of the galaxies in our sample are gas-poor, with gas masses much less than that expected from the accumulation of stellar mass loss over the lifetime of the galaxies. The average ratio of gas mass to stellar mass in our sample is M-gas/M-* = 0.001, compared to more luminous early-type galaxies that typically have M-gas/M-* = 0.01. The time required to accumulate the observed gas mass from stellar mass loss in these galaxies is typically 3 x 10(8) yr. Since the cooling time of the gas is longer than the replenishment time, the gas cannot be condensing out of the hot phase and forming stars, implying that the gas is most likely being expelled from these galaxies in a wind. The one exception to this is NGC 4552, which is the most optically luminous galaxy in our sample and has the highest gas content. Using recent estimates of the Type la supernova rate and AGN heating rate in early-type galaxies, we find that, on average, heating by Type Ia supernovae should exceed AGN heating in galaxies with L-B less than or similar to 3 x 10(10) L circle dot(B). We also find that heating by Type Ia supernovae is energetically sufficient to drive winds in these galaxies, even if the present Type Ia supernova rate is overestimated by a factor of 2 or the present stellar mass-loss rate is underestimated by a factor of 2. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP David, LP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM david@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 68 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 207 EP 221 DI 10.1086/508623 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800015 ER PT J AU Zapata, LA Ho, PTP Rodriguez, LF O'Dell, CR Zhang, QZ Muench, A AF Zapata, Luis A. Ho, Paul T. P. Rodriguez, Luis F. O'Dell, C. R. Zhang, Qizhou Muench, August TI Silicon monoxide observations reveal a cluster of hidden compact outflows in the OMC 1 South region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : pre-main-sequence; ISM : individual (Orion-S, OMC 1S, M42); ISM : jets and outflows ID ORION-NEBULA; TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; OMC-1 SOUTH; MOLECULAR JET; CO OUTFLOW; SIO SHOCKS; CLOUD CORE; STARS; COLLISION AB We present high angular resolution (2."8 x 1."7) SiO J = 5 -> 4, v = 0 line observations of the OMC 1S region in the Orion Nebula made using the Submillimeter Array (SMA). We detect for the first time a cluster of four compact bipolar and monopolar outflows that show high-, moderate-, and low-velocity gas and appear to be energized by millimeter and infrared sources associated with this region. The SiO molecular outflows are compact (< 3500 AU), and in most of the cases, they are located very close to their exciting sources. We thus propose that the SiO thermal emission is tracing the youngest and most highly excited parts of the outflows that cannot be detected by other molecules. Moreover, since the ambient cloud is weak in the SiO line emission, these observations can reveal flows that in other molecular transitions will be confused with the ambient velocity cloud emission. Analysis of their position-velocity diagrams show that some components of these outflows may be driven by wide-angle winds very close to the exciting object. Finally, we find that some of these SiO outflows seem to be the base of powerful Herbig-Haro jets and large-scale molecular flows that emanate from a few arcseconds around this zone. In particular, we find a strongly excited SiO bipolar outflow with a P.A. of similar to 100 degrees that is likely energized by the luminous (similar to 3 X 10(3) L circle dot) infrared protostar "B" and could be the base of the remarkable object HH 269. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Zapata, LA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Apartado Postal 3-72, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM lzapata@astrosmo.unam.mx OI Muench, August/0000-0003-0666-6367; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 398 EP 408 DI 10.1086/508319 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800029 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, B AF Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata TI Growing hydrodynamic modes in Keplerian accretion disks during secondary perturbations: Elliptical vortex effects SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; instabilities; turbulence ID DIFFERENTIALLY ROTATING-DISKS; WEAKLY MAGNETIZED DISKS; SHEAR FLOWS; 3-DIMENSIONAL INSTABILITY; LOCAL INSTABILITY; FREE ECCENTRICITY; TRANSIENT GROWTH; ENERGY GROWTH; BLACK-HOLES; TURBULENCE AB The origin of hydrodynamic turbulence, and in particular of an anomalously enhanced angular momentum transport, in accretion disks is still an unsolved problem. This is especially important for cold disk systems that are practically neutral in charge, since the turbulence in those systems cannot be of magnetohydrodynamic origin. While the flow must exhibit some instability and then turbulence in support of the transfer of mass inward and angular momentum outward, according to the linear perturbation theory, in the absence of magnetohydrodynamic effects, it should always be stable. We demonstrate that the three-dimensional secondary disturbance to the primarily perturbed disk, consisting of elliptical vortices, gives significantly large hydrodynamic growth in such a system and hence may suggest a transition to an ultimately turbulent state. This result is essentially applicable to accretion disks around quiescent cataclysmic variables, in protoplanetary and star-forming disks, and the outer region of disks in active galactic nuclei, where the gas is significantly colder, and thus the magnetic Reynolds number is smaller than 10(4). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Mukhopadhyay, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bmukhopa@cfa.harvard.edu NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 503 EP 512 DI 10.1086/508528 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800040 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Homan, J Steeghs, D Rupen, M Hunstead, RW Wijnands, R Charles, PA Fabian, AC AF Miller, J. M. Homan, J. Steeghs, D. Rupen, M. Hunstead, R. W. Wijnands, R. Charles, P. A. Fabian, A. C. TI A long, hard look at the low/hard state in accreting black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; relativity; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (GX 339-4) ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; XMM-NEWTON/EPIC-PN; X-RAY TRANSIENTS; NOVA MUSCAE 1991; CYGNUS X-1; XTE J1118+480; GX 339-4; SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; ASCA OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-EMISSION AB We present the first results of coordinated multiwavelength observations of the Galactic black hole GX 339-4 in a canonical low/hard state, obtained during its 2004 outburst. XMM-Newton observed the source for two revolutions, or approximately 280 ks; RXTE monitored the source throughout this long stare. The resulting data offer the best view yet obtained of the inner accretion flow geometry in the low/hard state, which is thought to be analogous to the geometry in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. The XMM-Newton spectra clearly reveal the presence of a cool accretion disk component and a relativistic Fe K emission line. The results of fits made to both components strongly suggest that a standard thin disk remains at or near to the innermost stable circular orbit, at least in bright phases of the low/hard state. These findings indicate that potential links between the inner disk radius and the onset of a steady compact jet, and the paradigm of a radially recessed disk in the low/hard state, do not hold universally. The results of our observations can best be explained if a standard thin accretion disk fuels a corona that is closely related to, or consistent with, the base of a compact jet. In a brief examination of archival data, we show that Cygnus X-1 supports this picture of the low/hard state. We discuss our results within the context of disk-jet connections and prevailing models for accretion onto black holes. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Array Operat Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Cambridge, Astron Inst, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonmm@umich.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 61 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 525 EP 535 DI 10.1086/508644 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800042 ER PT J AU Liu, JF Di Stefano, R McClintock, J Kong, A Bregman, J Kuntz, K AF Liu, Jifeng Di Stefano, Rosanne McClintock, Jeffrey Kong, Albert Bregman, Joel Kuntz, Kip TI Discovery of an eclipsing X-ray binary with a 32.69 hr period in M101: An analog of Her X-1 or LMC X-4? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M101); X-rays : binaries ID SOURCE POPULATION; SPACED DATA; CHANDRA; GALAXIES; REMNANTS; UHURU; M31 AB We report the discovery of an eclipsing X-ray binary in M 101, the first such system to be discovered outside the Local Group. Based on a sequence of 25 Chandra observations that sample a wide range of orbital phases, we find a period of 32.688 +/- 0.002 hr, which we interpret as an orbital period. The folded light curve exhibits an eclipse lasting about 8 hr, suggesting a compact orbit in a nearly edge-on configuration. The X-ray binary has an average luminosity of L-X(0.3-8 keV) approximate to 1.3 x 10(38) ergs s(-1), with only 1 out of the 25 observations significantly lower in flux than the average light curve. The presence of the eclipse and the similar to 1.4 day orbital period suggests that this source is an analog of the well-studied eclipsing X-ray binary pulsars Her X-1 or LMC X-4. Combining the Chandra data and the HST ACS/WFC images, we have identified several possible optical counterparts, including an O5-O3 star with V = 25.0 mag. Follow-up optical monitoring observations should be able to identify the donor and further constrain the orbital properties. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 602 EP 612 DI 10.1086/508447 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800051 ER PT J AU Meibom, S Mathieu, RD Stassun, KG AF Meibom, Soren Mathieu, Robert D. Stassun, Keivan G. TI An observational study of tidal synchronization in solar-type binary stars in the open clusters M35 and M34 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; open clusters and associations : general; stars : rotation ID WIYN OPEN CLUSTER; DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; RELATIVE PROPER MOTIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; ORBITAL CIRCULARIZATION; CLOSE BINARIES; LITHIUM DEPLETION; DYNAMICAL TIDE; STELLAR MODELS; ORION NEBULA AB We present rotation periods for the solar-type primary stars in 13 close (a less than or similar to 5 AU) single-lined spectroscopic binaries with known orbital periods (P) and eccentricities (e). All binaries are members of the open clusters M35 (NGC 2168; similar to 150 Myr) and M34 (NGC 1039; similar to 250 Myr). The binary orbital parameters and the rotation periods of the primary stars were determined from time-series spectroscopy and time-series photometry, respectively. Knowledge of the ages, orbital periods, and eccentricities of these binaries combined with the rotation periods and masses of their primary stars makes them particularly interesting systems for studying the rates of tidal circularization and synchronization. Our sample of 13 binaries includes six with orbital periods shortward of 13 days (a less than or similar to 0.12 AU). The stars in these binaries orbit sufficiently close that their spins and orbits have evolved toward synchronization and circularization due to tidal interactions. We investigate the degree of tidal synchronization in each binary by comparing the angular rotation velocity of the primary stars (Q.) to the angular velocity expected if the primary star was synchronized (e = 0) or pseudosynchronized (e > 0) with the orbital motion (Omega(ps)). Of the six closest binaries, two with circular orbits are not synchronized, one being subsynchronous and one being supersynchronous, and the primary stars in two binaries with eccentric orbits are rotating more slowly than pseudo synchronism. The remaining two binaries have reached the equilibrium state of both a circularized orbit and synchronized rotation. As a set, the six binaries present a challenging case study for tidal evolution theory, which in particular does not predict subsynchronous rotation in such close systems. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Meibom, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smeibom@cfa.harvard.edu NR 54 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 621 EP 635 DI 10.1086/508252 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800053 ER PT J AU Devor, J Charbonneau, D AF Devor, Jonathan Charbonneau, David TI MECI: A Method for Eclipsing Component Identification SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; methods : data analysis; stars : statistics; techniques : photometric ID DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LOW-MASS STARS; II BULGE DATA; MAIN-SEQUENCE; ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; TRANSITING PLANET; PHOTOMETRIC SOLUTIONS AB We describe an automated method for assigning the most probable physical parameters to the components of an eclipsing binary, using only its photometric light curve and combined colors. With traditional methods, one attempts to optimize a multiparameter model over many iterations, so as to minimize the chi(2) value. We suggest an alternative method, in which one selects pairs of coeval stars from a set of theoretical stellar models and compares their simulated light curves and combined colors with the observations. This approach greatly reduces the parameter space over which one needs to search and allows one to estimate the components' masses, radii, and absolute magnitudes, without spectroscopic data. We have implemented this method in an automated program using published theoretical isochrones and limb-darkening coefficients. Since it is easy to automate, this method lends itself to systematic analyses of data sets consisting of photometric time series of large numbers of stars, such as those produced by OGLE, MACHO, TIES, HAT, and many others surveys. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Devor, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdevor@cfa.harvard.edu NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1086/508609 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800055 ER PT J AU Park, S Mori, K Kargaltsev, O Slane, PO Hughes, JP Burrows, DN Garmire, GP Pavlov, GG AF Park, Sangwook Mori, Koji Kargaltsev, Oleg Slane, Patrick O. Hughes, John P. Burrows, David N. Garmire, Gordon P. Pavlov, George G. TI Discovery of a candidate central compact object in the Galactic nonthermal SNR G330.2+1.0 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (SNR G330.2+1.0); stars : neutron; supernova remnants; X-rays : stars ID CCD IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SUPERNOVA REMNANT G347.3-0.5; CHARGE-TRANSFER INEFFICIENCY; X-RAY-EMISSION; NEUTRON-STAR; SHELL; G266.2-1.2; PLANE AB We report on the discovery of a pointlike source (CXOU J160103.1-513353) at the center of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G330.2+1.0 with Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The X-ray spectrum fits a blackbody model with kT similar to 0.49 keV, implying a small emission region of R similar to 0.4 km at the distance of 5 kpc. The estimated X-ray luminosity is L-x similar to 1 x 10(33) ergs s-(1) in the 1-10 keV band. A power-law model may also fit the observed spectrum, but the fit results in a very large photon index, T similar to 5. We find no counterparts at other wavelengths. The X-ray emission was steady over the similar to 13 hr observation period, showing no variability. While we find marginal evidence for X-ray pulsations (P approximate to 7.5 s), the presence of a pulsar at the position of this object is not conclusive with the current data, requiring an independent confirmation. These results are generally consistent with an interpretation of this object as a central compact object associated with SNR G330.2+1.0. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/510366 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AI UT WOS:000242914000010 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Johnson, JA Marcy, GW Butler, RP Vogt, SS Henry, GW Roussanova, A Holman, MJ Enya, K Narita, N Suto, Y Turner, EL AF Winn, Joshua N. Johnson, John Asher Marcy, Geoffrey W. Butler, R. Paul Vogt, Steven S. Henry, Gregory W. Roussanova, Anna Holman, Matthew J. Enya, Keigo Narita, Norio Suto, Yasushi Turner, Edwin L. TI Measurement of the spin-orbit alignment in the exoplanetary system HD 189733 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; planetary systems : formation; stars : individual (HD 189733); stars : rotation ID TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANET; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; 51 PEGASI; SEARCH; SOLAR; STAR; MIGRATION; COMPANION; SPECTRA AB We present spectroscopy of a transit of the exoplanet HD 189733b. By modeling the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect (the anomalous Doppler shift due to the partial eclipse of the rotating stellar surface), we find the angle between the sky projections of the stellar spin axis and orbit normal to be lambda=-1 degrees 4 +/- 1 degrees 1. This is the third case of a "hot Jupiter" for which lambda has been measured. In all three cases lambda is small, ruling out random orientations with 99.96% confidence, and suggesting that the inward migration of hot Jupiters generally preserves spin-orbit alignment. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Winn, JN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009; Turner, Edwin/A-4295-2011 NR 34 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP L69 EP L72 DI 10.1086/510528 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AI UT WOS:000242914000018 ER PT J AU Golombek, MP Grant, JA Crumpler, LS Greeley, R Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Weitz, CM Sullivan, R Christensen, PR Soderblom, LA Squyres, SW AF Golombek, M. P. Grant, J. A. Crumpler, L. S. Greeley, R. Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. F., III Weitz, C. M. Sullivan, R. Christensen, P. R. Soderblom, L. A. Squyres, S. W. TI Erosion rates at the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites and long-term climate change on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MINI-TES EXPERIMENT; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GUSEV CRATER; SPIRIT ROVER; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; MARTIAN HIGHLANDS; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; IMPACT CRATERS; MAADIM-VALLIS; EVOLUTION AB [1] Erosion rates derived from the Gusev cratered plains and the erosion of weak sulfates by saltating sand at Meridiani Planum are so slow that they argue that the present dry and desiccating environment has persisted since the Early Hesperian. In contrast, sedimentary rocks at Meridiani formed in the presence of groundwater and occasional surface water, and many Columbia Hills rocks at Gusev underwent aqueous alteration during the Late Noachian, approximately coeval with a wide variety of geomorphic indicators that indicate a wetter and likely warmer environment. Two-toned rocks, elevated ventifacts, and perched and undercut rocks indicate localized deflation of the Gusev plains and deposition of an equivalent amount of sediment into craters to form hollows, suggesting average erosion rates of similar to 0.03 nm/yr. Erosion of Hesperian craters, modification of Late Amazonian craters, and the concentration of hematite concretions in the soils of Meridiani yield slightly higher average erosion rates of 1-10 nm/yr in the Amazonian. These erosion rates are 2-5 orders of magnitude lower than the slowest continental denudation rates on Earth, indicating that liquid water was not an active erosional agent. Erosion rates for Meridiani just before deposition of the sulfate-rich sediments and other eroded Noachian areas are comparable with slow denudation rates on Earth that are dominated by liquid water. Available data suggest the climate change at the landing sites from wet and likely warm to dry and desiccating occurred sometime between the Late Noachian and the beginning of the Late Hesperian (3.7-3.5 Ga). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Golombek, MP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mgolombek@jpl.nasa.gov NR 90 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E12 AR E12S10 DI 10.1029/2006JE002754 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115TI UT WOS:000242756300004 ER PT J AU Mendelson, JR Lips, KR Diffendorfer, JE Gagliardo, RW Rabb, GB Collins, JP Daszak, P Ibanez, R Zippel, KC Stuart, SN Gascon, C Da Silva, HR Burrowes, PA Lacy, RC Bolanos, F Coloma, LA Wright, KM Wake, DB AF Mendelson, Joseph R., III Lips, Karen R. Diffendorfer, James E. Gagliardo, Ronald W. Rabb, George B. Collins, James P. Daszak, Peter Ibanez D., Roberto Zippel, Kevin C. Stuart, Simon N. Gascon, Claude Da Silva, H_lio R. Burrowes, Patricia A. Lacy, Robert C. Bolanos, Federico Coloma, Luis A. Wright, Kevin M. Wake, David B. TI Responding to amphibian loss - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CHYTRID FUNGUS; DECLINES C1 Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Atlanta Bot Garden, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Chicago Zool Soc, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Wildlife Trust, Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ Panama, Dept Zool, Panama City, Panama. UICN SSC Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. Conservat Int, IUCN SSC CI CABS, Biodivers Assessment Unit, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro, IB DBA, BR-23851970 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Chicago Zool Soc, Dept Conservat Biol, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Ctr Biodiversidad & Ambiente, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador. Natl Aquarium, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mendelson, JR (reprint author), Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5805 BP 1541 EP 1542 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 113UX UT WOS:000242624600018 ER PT J AU Cesaroni, R Galli, D Lodato, G Walmsley, M Zhang, QZ AF Cesaroni, Riccardo Galli, Daniele Lodato, Giuseppe Walmsley, Malcolm Zhang, Qizhou TI The critical role of disks in the formation of high-mass stars SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATING ACCRETION DISCS; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PROTOSTAR; OUTFLOWS; STELLAR; COLLAPSE; OBJECT; SYSTEM; DUST AB Although massive stars ( commonly defined as those in excess of about eight solar masses, or with initial luminosities of a thousand times the solar luminosity or more) have an enormous impact on the galactic environment, how they form has been a mystery. The solution probably involves the existence of accretion disks. Rotational motions have been found in the gas surrounding young high-mass stars, which suggests that non-spherical accretion could be the fundamental ingredient of the massive-star formation recipe. C1 Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cesaroni, R (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM cesa@arcetri.inaf.it OI Galli, Daniele/0000-0001-7706-6049; Cesaroni, Riccardo/0000-0002-2430-5103; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 444 IS 7120 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1038/nature05344 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 113EL UT WOS:000242581100048 PM 17151657 ER PT J AU Beadell, JS Ishtiaq, F Covas, R Melo, M Warren, BH Atkinson, CT Bensch, S Graves, GR Jhala, YV Peirce, MA Rahmani, AR Fonseca, DM Fleischer, RC AF Beadell, Jon S. Ishtiaq, Farah Covas, Rita Melo, Martim Warren, Ben H. Atkinson, Carter T. Bensch, Staffan Graves, Gary R. Jhala, Yadvendradev V. Peirce, Mike A. Rahmani, Asad R. Fonseca, Dina M. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Global phylogeographic limits of Hawaii's avian malaria SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; Plasmodium relictum; Hawaii; phylogeography ID EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; BLOOD PARASITES; LESSER ANTILLES; CYTOCHROME-B; PLASMODIUM; PREVALENCE; BIRDS; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION AB The introduction of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) to Hawaii has provided a model system for studying the influence of exotic disease on naive host populations. Little is known, however, about the origin or the genetic variation of Hawaii's malaria and traditional classification methods have confounded attempts to place the parasite within a global ecological and evolutionary context. Using fragments of the parasite mitochondrial gene cytochrome b and the nuclear gene dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase obtained from a global survey of greater than 13 000 avian samples, we show that Hawaii's avian malaria, which can cause high mortality and is a major limiting factor for many species of native passerines, represents just one of the numerous lineages composing the morphological parasite species. The single parasite lineage detected in Hawaii exhibits a broad host distribution worldwide and is dominant on several other remote oceanic islands, including Bermuda and Moorea, French Polynesia. The rarity of this lineage in the continental New World and the restriction of closely related lineages to the Old World suggest limitations to the transmission of reproductively isolated parasite groups within the morphological species. C1 Natl Zool Pk, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolut Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Reading, Sch Plant Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England. Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. MP Int Consultancy, Bexhill On Sea TN39 3NZ, E Sussex, England. Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay 400023, Maharashtra, India. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Beadell, JS (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM beadellj@si.edu; fleischerr@si.edu RI Melo, Martim/L-7704-2013; OI Melo, Martim/0000-0003-1394-4361; Covas, Rita/0000-0001-7130-144X; Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM063258, R01 GM063258] NR 42 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1604 BP 2935 EP 2944 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3671 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 103XK UT WOS:000241920300004 PM 17015360 ER PT J AU Parenti, LR AF Parenti, Lynne R. TI Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933, an available name for a blind cavefish (Teleostei : Amblyopsidae), differentiated on the basis of characters of the central nervous system SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE blind cavefishes; Typhlichthys eigenmanni; Amplyopsidae; optic tectum; vouchers; Missouri AB Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933 was described inadvertently in a richly illustrated publication on the comparative anatomy of the central nervous system of blind cavefishes. Characters described by Charlton ( 1933) are sufficient to differentiate the species from Amblyopsis rosae ( Eigenmann, 1898), with which he compared it in a detailed examination of the optic tectum, the primary visual center of the brain. These characters are: 1) a relatively narrow optic nerve, 2) a relatively large tractus mesencephalo-cerebellaris anterior; 3) the rostral bundle of the fibrae tectales nervi optici ascending in front of the nucleus dorsali thalami as opposed to coursing around its anterior pole; and, 4) relatively small brachia tecti. Efforts to locate Charlton's type specimens of T. eigenmanni, likely histological slides, have not been successful. The type locality is Ha Ha Tonka State Park, Camden Co., Missouri. Putative topotypes are catalogued in collections of the University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology. Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933 is a subjective synonym of T. subterraneus Girard, 1859, the Southern Cavefish. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fisheries, MRC NHB 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Parenti, LR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fisheries, MRC NHB 159, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM parentil@si.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 7 PY 2006 IS 1374 BP 55 EP 59 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 114BD UT WOS:000242640800002 ER PT J AU Powell, TL Bracho, R Li, JH Dore, S Hinkle, CR Drake, BG AF Powell, Thomas L. Bracho, Rosvel Li, Jiahong Dore, Sabina Hinkle, C. Ross Drake, Bert G. TI Environmental controls over net ecosystem carbon exchange of scrub oak in central Florida SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy flux; subtropical; scrub oak; net ecosystem exchange; net ecosystem production; ecosystem respiration; soil respiration; carbon balance ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SLASH PINE PLANTATION; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; NORTH FLORIDA; RAIN-FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Biological and physical controls regulating variation of seasonal and interannual ecosystem carbon exchange in a scrub oak ecosystem in central Florida were determined by measuring net ecosystem exchange of CO, (NEE) between the atmosphere and vegetation using the eddy covariance technique continuously for 6 years (April 2000-March 2006). Total net ecosystem production (NEP) was nearly 20 t C m(-2) during the 6-year study and annual NEP for each pheriological year (April-March) increased annually from 107 to 467 g C m(-2) year(-1). Although this ecosystem was productive during all parts of each year, greatest absolute values of daytime NEE (NEEday max) were -12.0 to -16.0 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) in the summertime when leaf area, air temperature and soil moisture peaked. NEEday max decreased in magnitude to its lowest point in March when leaf area was lowest, and ranged between -7.6 and -9.8 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) Mean monthly nighttime NEE (NEEnight) was between 2.0 and 6.9 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) in the winter and summer, respectively, and was controlled primarily by temperature. Variation in seasonal NEP in this ecosystem occurred in three distinct phases. The first phase occurred in April through May with the emergence of new leaves and when soil respiration was low: daily carbon assimilation (1.0-2.4 g C m(-2) day(-1)) was greatest during this 2-month period during which an average 38% of annual C assimilation occurred. During the second phase, June-September, the rate of carbon uptake (0.8-1.6 g C m(-2) day(-1)) was dependent mainly on variation in temperature, precipitation and VPD; on average, only 12% of annual carbon assimilation occurred during these 4 months and in dry years (2000 and 2001), the ecosystem was a carbon source during this period. During the third phase, October March, daily carbon assimilation (0.3-1.1 g C m(-2) day(-1)) was intermediate between the first two phases, and accounted for nearly 50% of annual carbon accumulated during these 6 months. While mean daily NEP was highest in spring, NEEday reached its greatest intensity in summer. In order of importance, PPFD, temperature, SWC, LAI, and VPD regulated NEEday. Temperature and SWC were the main environmental variables controlling soil respiration, which was more than 85% of ecosystem respiration. Scrub oak represents a unique ecosystem in the southeastern US and within the Ameriflux network. These results are unique in establishing the role scrub oak plays in landscape and regional carbon budgets of this subtropical, evergreen, fire dependent and highly active ecosystem. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. CNR, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Gen Dynam Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Drake, BG (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM drakeb@si.edu RI Powell, Thomas/F-9877-2016 OI Powell, Thomas/0000-0002-3516-7164 NR 50 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.09.002 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 122DD UT WOS:000243205000002 ER PT J AU Jiang, HE Li, X Zhao, YX Ferguson, DK Hueber, F Bera, S Wang, YF Zhao, LC Liu, CJ Li, CS AF Jiang, Hong-En Li, Xiao Zhao, You-Xing Ferguson, David K. Hueber, Francis Bera, Subir Wang, Yu-Fei Zhao, Liang-Cheng Liu, Chang-Jiang Li, Cheng-Sen TI A new insight into Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae) utilization from 2500-year-old Yanghai Tombs, Xinjiang, China SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cannabis sativa L.; palaeoethnobotany; Yanghai Tombs; Xinjiang; China ID CHEMOTAXONOMIC ANALYSIS; TRICHOMES; PLANTS AB A cache of shoots, leaves and fruits dated by C-14 at 2500 years B.P. were unearthed in the Yanghai Tombs, Turpan District in Xinjiang, China. By comparing the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the plant remains found in the tomb and specimens of modem plants, it is shown that the remains belong to Cannabis. Based on the shamanistic background of the deceased man and ancient customs, it is assumed that the Cannabis was utilized for ritual/medicinal purposes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Bur Cultural Rel Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang 838000, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, State Key Lab Phytochem & Plant Resources W China, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China. Univ Vienna, Inst Palaeontol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Calcutta, Dept Bot, Kolkata 700019, W Bengal, India. Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Beijing Museum Nat Hist, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. RP Li, CS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Dept Palaeobot, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM lics@ibcas.ac.cn NR 39 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 414 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.034 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 114ZK UT WOS:000242704000016 PM 16879937 ER PT J AU Dworschak, PC Marin, I Anker, A AF Dworschak, Peter C. Marin, Ivan Anker, Arthur TI A new species of Naushonia Kingsley, 1897 (Decapoda : Thalassinidea : Laomediidae) from Vietnam and the Philippines with notes on the genus Espeleonaushonia Juarrero & Martinez-Iglesias, 1997 SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Naushonia; Espeleonaushonia; new species; genus redefinition; Vietnam; Philippines; Laomediidae; Callianassidae; Indo-West Pacific AB Naushonia carinata n. sp. is described from five specimens collected from burrows of the large-sized callianassid shrimp, Glypturus armatus ( A. Milne-Edwards, 1870), in Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, and Panglao I., Philippines. The new species differs from all other congeners by the presence of one median and two submedian carinae on first to fifth abdominal somites and broad propodi of the chelipeds. The genus Espeleonaushonia Juarrero & Martnez-Iglesias, 1997 is redefined and the cave inhabiting laomediid, Naushonia manningi Alvarez, Villalobos & Iliffe, 2000, from the Bahamas, is transferred to this genus. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dritte Zool Abt, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Russian Acad Sci, Lab Ecol & Morphol Marine Invertebrates, AN Severtzov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117071, Russia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Dworschak, PC (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dritte Zool Abt, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. EM Peter.Dworschak@nhm-wien.ac.at RI Dworschak, Peter/O-4031-2015 OI Dworschak, Peter/0000-0003-4705-6426 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 4 PY 2006 IS 1372 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 112AO UT WOS:000242497600001 ER PT J AU Kerr, SF Emmons, LH Melby, PC Liu, C Perez, LE Villegas, M Miranda, R AF Kerr, Sara F. Emmons, Louise H. Melby, Peter C. Liu, Chang Perez, Luis E. Villegas, Maria Miranda, Robert TI Leishmania amazonensis infections in Oryzomys acritus and Oryzomys nitidus from Bolivia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; PALEARCTIC ORIGIN; BRAZIL; FOCUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VECTOR; STATE AB Three of thirteen Oryzomys acritus, Emmons and Patton 2005 (Rodentia: Muridae: Sigmodontinae) and 3 of 17 Oryzomys nitidus, Thomas 1884, collected from Noel Kempff National Park, Bolivia, from 2002 to 2005, tested positive for Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis or L. (L.) mexicana and negative for Leishmania (Viannia) spp. using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on previous records of L. (L.) amazonensis in humans, rodents, and sand flies from Bolivia, and the geographic distributions of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) mexicana, it was concluded that the Orvzomys were infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. These results identify two additional species of Oryzomys as hosts of L. (L.) amazonensis, and identify an ecological region of Bolivia where L. (L.) amazonensis is enzootic. C1 Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Kerr, SF (reprint author), Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Biol, 4301 Broadway, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. EM kerr@uiwtx.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55337]; PHS HHS [H75/CCH615041] NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1073 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600008 PM 17172367 ER PT J AU Kerin, EJ Gilmour, CC Roden, E Suzuki, MT Coates, JD Mason, RP AF Kerin, E. J. Gilmour, C. C. Roden, E. Suzuki, M. T. Coates, J. D. Mason, R. P. TI Mercury methylation by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOBULBUS-PROPIONICUS 1PR3; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SP-NOV; PURE CULTURES; REDUCTION; METHYLMERCURY; MICROORGANISM; OXIDATION AB The Hg-methylating ability of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria in the genera Geobacter, Desulfuromonas, and Shewanella was examined. All of the Geobacter and Desuylfuromonas strains tested methylated mercury while reducing Fe(III), nitrate, or fumarate. In contrast, none of the Shewanella strains produced methylmercury at higher levels than abiotic controls under similar culture conditions. Geobacter and Desulforomonas are closely related to known Hg-methylating sulfate-reducing bacteria within the Deltaproteobacteria. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Gilmour, CC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM gilmourc@si.edu RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Suzuki, Marcelino/D-3329-2009; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Suzuki, Marcelino/0000-0003-3868-6362; Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 NR 27 TC 209 Z9 219 U1 9 U2 102 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7919 EP 7921 DI 10.1128/AEM.01602-06 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300065 PM 17056699 ER PT J AU Warrant, EJ Kelber, A Wallen, R Wcislo, WT AF Warrant, Eric J. Kelber, Almut Wallen, Rita Wcislo, William T. TI Ocellar optics in nocturnal and diurnal bees and wasps SO ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ocellus; nocturnal vision; bee; wasp; optics; resolution; sensitivity ID DRAGONFLY MEDIAN OCELLUS; NEURAL ORGANIZATION; MEGALOPTA-GENALIS; APOICA-PALLENS; HALICTID BEE; DESERT ANT; ORIENTATION; LIGHT; HYMENOPTERA; PATTERNS AB Nocturnal bees, wasps and ants have considerably larger ocelli than their diurnal relatives, suggesting an active role in vision at night. In a first step to understanding what this role might be, the morphology and physiological optics of ocelli were investigated in three tropical rainforest species - the nocturnal Sweat bee Megalopta genalis. the nocturnal paper wasp Apoica pallens and the diurnal paper wasp Polistes occidentalis - using hanging-drop techniques and standard histological methods. Ocellar image quality, in addition to lens focal length and back focal distance, was determined in all three species. During flight, the ocellar receptive fields of both nocturnal species are centred very dorsally, possibly in order to maximise sensitivity to the narrow dorsal field of light that enters through gaps in the rainforest canopy. Since all ocelli investigated had a slightly oval shape, images were found to be astigmatic: images formed by the major axis of the ocellus were located further froin the proxiinal surface of the lens than inia-es formed by file ninlor axis. Despite being astioniatic, iniages forined at either focal plane were reasonably sharp in all ocelli investigated. When compared to the position of the retina below the lens, measurement of back focal distance reveal that the ocelli of Megalopta are highly underfocused and unable to resolve spatial detail. This together with their very large and tightly packed rhabdoms suggests a role in making sensitive measurement of ambient light intensity. In contrast, the ocelli of the two wasps form images near the proximal boundary of the retina. Suggesting file potential for modest resolving power. In light of these results, possible roles for ocelli in nocturnal bees and wasps are discussed, including the hypothesis that they might be involved in nocturnal homing and navigation, using two main cues: the spatial pattern of bright patches of daylight visible through file rainforest canopy, and compass information obtained from polarised skylight (from the setting sun or the moon) that penetrates these patches. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Warrant, EJ (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, Zool Bldg,Helgonavagen 3, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM eric.warrant@cob.lu.se RI Kelber, Almut/H-6216-2014 OI Kelber, Almut/0000-0003-3937-2808 NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-8039 J9 ARTHROPOD STRUCT DEV JI Arthropod Struct. Dev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.asd.2006.08.012 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122CY UT WOS:000243204500008 PM 18089077 ER PT J AU Geller, MJ Kenyon, SJ Barton, EJ Jarrett, TH Kewley, LJ AF Geller, Margaret J. Kenyon, Scott J. Barton, Elizabeth J. Jarrett, Thomas H. Kewley, Lisa J. TI Infrared properties of close pairs of galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : interactions; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : starburst ID PISCES-PERSEUS SUPERCLUSTER; STAR-FORMATION RATES; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; NEARBY FIELD GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 21 CM SURVEY; INTERACTING GALAXIES; MERGING GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS AB We discuss spectroscopy and IR photometry for a complete sample of similar to 800 galaxies in close pairs objectively selected from the second Center for Astrophysics redshift survey. We use the Two Micron All Sky Survey to compare near-IR color-color diagrams for our sample with the Nearby Field Galaxy Sample and with a set of IRAS flux-limited pairs from Surace and coworkers. We construct a basic statistical model to explore the physical sources of the substantial differences among these samples. The model explains the spread of near-IR colors and is consistent with a picture in which central star formation is triggered by the galaxy-galaxy interaction before a merger occurs. For 160 galaxies we report new, deep JHK photometry within our spectroscopic aperture, and we use the combined spectroscopic and photometric data to explore the physical conditions in the central bursts. We find a set of objects with H-K >= 0: 45 and with a large F-FIR/F-H. We interpret the very red H-K colors as evidence for 600-1000 K dust within compact star-forming regions, perhaps similar to super star clusters identified in individual well-studied interacting galaxies. The galaxies in our sample are candidate "hidden'' bursts or, possibly, "hidden'' active galactic nuclei. Over the entire pair sample, both spectroscopic and photometric data show that the specific star formation rate decreases with the projected separation of the pair. The data suggest that the near-IR color-color diagram is also a function of the projected separation; all of the objects with central near-IR colors indicative of bursts of star formation lie at small projected separation. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Geller, MJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mgeller@cfa.harvard.edu; skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; ebarton@uci.edu; jarrett@ipac.caltech.edu; kewley@ifa.hawaii.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 93 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 2243 EP 2259 DI 10.1086/508258 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MC UT WOS:000242529100003 ER PT J AU Meixner, M Gordon, KD Indebetouw, R Hora, JL Whitney, B Blum, R Reach, W Bernard, JP Meade, M Babler, B Engelbracht, CW For, BQ Misselt, K Vijh, U Leitherer, C Cohen, M Churchwell, EB Boulanger, F Frogel, JA Fukui, Y Gallagher, J Gorjian, V Harris, J Kelly, D Kawamura, A Kim, S Latter, WB Madden, S Markwick-Kemper, C Mizuno, A Mizuno, N Mould, J Nota, A Oey, MS Olsen, K Onishi, T Paladini, R Panagia, N Perez-Gonzalez, P Shibai, H Sato, S Smith, L Staveley-Smith, L Tielens, AGGM Ueta, T Van Dyk, S Volk, K Werner, M Zaritsky, D AF Meixner, Margaret Gordon, Karl D. Indebetouw, Remy Hora, Joseph L. Whitney, Barbara Blum, Robert Reach, William Bernard, Jean-Philippe Meade, Marilyn Babler, Brian Engelbracht, Charles W. For, Bi-Qing Misselt, Karl Vijh, Uma Leitherer, Claus Cohen, Martin Churchwell, Ed B. Boulanger, Francois Frogel, Jay A. Fukui, Yasuo Gallagher, Jay Gorjian, Varoujan Harris, Jason Kelly, Douglas Kawamura, Akiko Kim, SoYoung Latter, William B. Madden, Suzanne Markwick-Kemper, Ciska Mizuno, Akira Mizuno, Norikazu Mould, Jeremy Nota, Antonella Oey, M. S. Olsen, Knut Onishi, Toshikazu Paladini, Roberta Panagia, Nino Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo Shibai, Hiroshi Sato, Shuji Smith, Linda Staveley-Smith, Lister Tielens, A. G. G. M. Ueta, Toshiya Van Dyk, Schuyler Volk, Kevin Werner, Michael Zaritsky, Dennis TI Spitzer survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Surveying the agents of a galaxy's evolution (sage). I. Overview and initial results SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust; extinction; ISM : general; Magellanic Clouds; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : formation; stars : mass loss; supergiants; surveys ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; DWARF GALAXIES; CO SURVEY; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; STELLAR POPULATIONS; INTERSTELLAR DUST AB We are performing a uniform and unbiased imaging survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC; similar to 7 degrees x 7 degrees) using the IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 mu m) and MIPS (24, 70, and 160 mu m) instruments on board the Spitzer Space Telescope in the Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) survey, these agents being the interstellar medium (ISM) and stars in the LMC. This paper provides an overview of the SAGE Legacy project, including observing strategy, data processing, and initial results. Three key science goals determined the coverage and depth of the survey. The detection of diffuse ISM with column densities > 1: 2; 1021 H cm(-2) permits detailed studies of dust processes in the ISM. SAGE's point-source sensitivity enables a complete census of newly formed stars with masses > 3 M-circle dot that will determine the current star formation rate in the LMC. SAGE's detection of evolved stars with mass-loss rates > 1 x 10(-8) M-circle dot yr(-1) will quantify the rate at which evolved stars inject mass into the ISM of the LMC. The observing strategy includes two epochs in 2005, separated by 3 months, that both mitigate instrumental artifacts and constrain source variability. The SAGE data are nonproprietary. The data processing includes IRAC and MIPS pipelines and a database for mining the point-source catalogs, which will be released to the community in support of Spitzer proposal cycles 4 and 5. We present initial results on the epoch 1 data for a region near N79 and N83. The MIPS 70 and 160 mu m images of the diffuse dust emission of the N79/N83 region reveal a similar distribution to the gas emissions, especially the H I 21 cm emission. The measured point-source sensitivity for the epoch 1 data is consistent with expectations for the survey. The point-source counts are highest for the IRAC 3.6 mu m band and decrease dramatically toward longer wavelengths, consistent with the fact that stars dominate the point-source catalogs and the dusty objects detected at the longer wavelengths are rare in comparison. The SAGE epoch 1 point-source catalog has similar to 4 x 10(6) sources, and more are anticipated when the epoch 1 and 2 data are combined. Using Milky Way ( MW) templates as a guide, we adopt a simplified point-source classification to identify three candidate groups-stars without dust, dusty evolved stars, and young stellar objects-that offer a starting point for this work. We outline a strategy for identifying foreground MW stars, which may comprise as much as 18% of the source list, and background galaxies, which may comprise similar to 12% of the source list. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Direct Rech, F-31055 Toulouse, France. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UPR 341, F-75014 Paris, France. Assoc Univ Res Astron Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Commissart Energie Atom Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. CSIRO, Head Off, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Off, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Gemini Observ, No Operat Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Meixner, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM meixner@stsci.edu; kgordon@as.arizona.edu; remy@virginia.edu; jhora@cfa.harvard.edu; bwhitney@spacescience.org; rblum@ctio.noao.edu; reach@ipac.caltech.edu; jean-philippe.bernard@cesr.fr; meade@sal.wisc.edu; brian@sal.wisc.edu; cengelbracht@as.arizona.edu; biqing@email.arizona.edu; kmisselt@as.arizona.edu; vijh@stsci.edu; leitherer@stsci.edu; mcohen@astro.berkeley.edu; ebc@astro.wisc.edu; francois.boulanger@ias.u-psud.fr; jfrogel@aura-astronomy.org; fukui@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp; jsg@astro.wisc.edu; varoujan.gorjian@jpl.nasa.gov; jharris@as.arizona.edu; dkelly@as.arizona.edu; kawamura@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp; sykim@pha.jhu.edu; smadden@cea.fr; fk2n@virginia.edu; mizuno@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp; mizuno@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp; jmould@noao.edu; nota@stsci.edu; msoey@umich.edu; kolsen@ctio.noao.edu; ohnishi@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp; paladini@ipac.caltech.edu; panagia@stsci.edu; pgperez@as.arizona.edu; shibai@nagoya-u.jp; ssato@z.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp; ljs@zuaxp0.star.ucl.ac.uk; lister.staveley-smith@csiro.au; tielens@astro.rug.nl; tueta@mail.sofia.usra.edu; vandyk@ipac.caltech.edu; kvolk@gemini.edu; mwerner@sirtfweb.jpl.nasa.gov; dennis@fishingholes.as.arizona.edu RI Reach, William/C-4710-2008; Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Kemper, Francisca/D-8688-2011; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/J-2871-2016; OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Kemper, Francisca/0000-0003-2743-8240; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0003-4528-5639; Babler, Brian/0000-0002-6984-5752; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 77 TC 402 Z9 402 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 2268 EP 2288 DI 10.1086/508185 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MC UT WOS:000242529100005 ER PT J AU Tsai, CW Turner, JL Beck, SC Crosthwaite, LP Ho, PTP Meier, DS AF Tsai, Chao-Wei Turner, Jean L. Beck, Sara C. Crosthwaite, Lucian P. Ho, Paul T. P. Meier, David S. TI Subarcsecond-resolution radio maps of nearby spiral galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : individual (IC 342, Maffei II, NGC 2903, NGC 6946); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : star clusters; H Pi regions; radio continuum : galaxies ID H-II REGIONS; TELESCOPE COMPACT ARRAY; NUCLEAR STAR CLUSTER; MOLECULAR GAS BAR; MAFFEI 2; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; INFRARED-EMISSION; CO OBSERVATIONS; HII-REGIONS; IC 342 AB We report subarcsecond-resolution Very Large Array imaging of four nearby spiral galaxies: IC 342, Maffei II, NGC 2903, and NGC 6946. In each galaxy, compact radio continuum sources are identified in the central similar to 15" x 15" region. These compact sources are responsible for 20%-30% of the total emission from the central kiloparsec of the host galaxies at 2 cm but only similar to 5%-10% at 6 cm. More than half of the compact sources appear to be H II regions. The H II regions with rising spectra must be fairly dense (n(i) similar to 10(4) cm(-3)) and are presumably very young. The largest of these H II regions require the excitation of 500-800 O stars within regions only a few parsecs in extent. These clusters approach the sizes expected for globular clusters. Thermal free-free emission from compact sources contributes more significantly at 2 cm, while diffuse synchrotron emission dominates at 6 cm. The radio H II regions are found near the centers of giant molecular clouds in projection and do not have obvious visual counterparts. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Northrop Grumman, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tsai, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cwtsai@astro.ucla.edu; turner@astro.ucla.edu; sara@wise1.tau.ac.il; lpcrosthwaite@cox.net; ho@cfa.harvard.edu; dmeier@nrao.edu NR 108 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 2383 EP 2397 DI 10.1086/508373 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MC UT WOS:000242529100016 ER PT J AU de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I Gomez, JF Suarez, O Kuiper, TBH Anglada, G Patel, NA Torrelles, JM AF de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Itziar Gomez, Jose F. Suarez, Olga Kuiper, Thomas B. H. Anglada, Guillem Patel, Nimesh A. Torrelles, Jose M. TI High-resolution observations of water masers in Bok globules SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : globules; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; masers; radio continuum : ISM; stars : pre-main-sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; RADIO-CONTINUUM EMISSION; SOUTH-GALACTIC-CAP; H2O MASERS; DARK CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUBMILLIMETER MAPS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW AB We present Very Large Array observations at 1.3 cm of several water maser detections obtained by previous single-dish studies of Bok globules in the 1988 Clemens and Barvainis (CB) catalog. We report water maser emission in CB 3 (CB 3-mm), CB 54 (IRAS 07020-1618), CB 101 (IRAS 17503-0833), and CB 232 (IRAS 21352+4307) and non-detection toward CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332) and CB 205 (IRAS 19433+2743). These are the first reported interferometric observations of water masers in Bok globules of the CB catalog. We also present single-dish observations of millimeter and centimeter spectral lines toward CB 101 (IRAS 17503-0833) and CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332). All the maser emission seems to be associated with star-forming regions hosting bipolar molecular outflows, except IRAS 17503-0833 in CB 101, which we suggest to be a possible Mira evolved star, and IRAS 16277-2332 in CB 65, which is of unknown nature. We have used the precise position of the maser emission to derive information about the powering source of the masers. By analyzing the spatio-kinematical distribution of the water masers, we confirm the millimeter source CB 3-mm as the most likely powering source of the CB 3 masers. We propose the near-IR source CB 232 YC1-I as the best candidate for pumping the maser emission observed in CB 232, while in CB 54 we suggest that the pumping source of the masers could be located at the position of an elongated feature observed in near-IRmaps. C1 INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espacio, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Inst estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I (reprint author), INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, Apartado 50727, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. EM idegrego@eso.org; jfg@iaa.es; olga@laeff.inta.es; kuiper@jpl.nasa.gov; guillem@iaa.es; npatel@cfa.harvard.edu; torrelles@ieec.fcr.es RI Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016; OI Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 2584 EP 2595 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MC UT WOS:000242529100033 ER PT J AU Slesnick, CL Carpenter, JM Hillenbrand, LA Mamajek, EE AF Slesnick, Catherine L. Carpenter, John M. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Mamajek, Eric E. TI A distributed population of low-mass pre-main-sequence stars near the Taurus molecular clouds SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Taurus); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID BROWN DWARFS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FORMING REGION; UPPER SCORPIUS; SKY SURVEY; AURIGA; AGE; SPECTROSCOPY; ASSOCIATION; CANDIDATES AB We present a drift-scan survey covering a similar to 5 degrees x similar to 50 degrees region toward the southern portion of the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. Data taken in the B, R, I filters with the Quest-2 camera on the Palomar 48 inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin Telescope were combined with Two Micron All Sky Survey near-infrared photometry to select candidate young stars. Follow-up optical spectroscopy of 190 candidates led to the identification of 42 new low-mass pre-main-sequence stars with spectral types M4-M8, of which approximately half exhibit surface gravity signatures similar to known Taurus stars, while the other half exhibit surface gravity signatures similar to members of the somewhat older Upper Scorpius, TW Hya, and beta Pic associations. The pre-main-sequence stars are spread over similar to 35 degrees, and many are located well outside of previously explored regions. From assessment of the spatial and proper-motion distributions, we argue that the new pre-main-sequence stars identified far from the clouds cannot have originated from the vicinity of the 1-2 Myr old subclusters that contain the bulk of the identified Taurus members but instead represent a newly identified area of recent star formation near the clouds. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slesnick, CL (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cls@astro.caltech.edu; jmc@astro.caltech.edu; lah@astro.caltech.edu; emamajek@cfa.harvard.edu NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 2665 EP 2674 DI 10.1086/508937 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MC UT WOS:000242529100038 ER PT J AU Damiani, F Micela, G Sciortino, S Huelamo, N Moitinho, A Harnden, FR Murray, SS AF Damiani, F. Micela, G. Sciortino, S. Huelamo, N. Moitinho, A. Harnden, F. R., Jr. Murray, S. S. TI The young star cluster NGC 2362: low-mass population and initial mass function from a Chandra X-ray observation SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual : NGC 2362; stars : coronae; stars : pre-main-sequence stars :; luminosity function, mass function; X-rays : stars ID COUNTING DETECTOR IMAGES; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; ORION ULTRADEEP PROJECT; WAVELET TRANSFORMS; FORMING REGION; TAURUS-AURIGA; LUMINOSITY; SEGREGATION; EMISSION; NGC-6530 AB Context. We study the stellar population of the very young cluster NGC 2362, using a deep Chandra ACIS-I X-ray observation. This cluster, only 5 Myr old, has already cleared most of its inter- and circumstellar dust, and with its small and uniform reddening offers a unique opportunity of studying its pre-main-sequence stellar population with minimal disturbance from a dense interstellar medium. Aims. Our main purposes are to select cluster members down to low masses and to study their properties as a population (spatial properties, initial mass function, and coronal properties). Methods. We compare existing deep optical photometry and Ha data with new X-ray data. We use combined optical and X-ray criteria to select cluster members. Results. We detect 387 X-ray sources down to log L-X = 29.0 (erg/s), and identify most of them (308) with star-like objects. The majority (88%) of optically identified X-ray sources are found to be very good candidate low-mass pre-main-sequence stars, with minimal field-object contamination. This increases the known cluster census by a substantial amount at low masses, with respect to previous optical/IR studies. The fraction of stars with active accretion is found to be in the range 5 - 9%. We find a significantly wider spatial distribution for low-mass stars than for massive stars (mass segregation). We find only a small spread around the low-mass cluster sequence in the HR diagram, indicating that star formation lasted only about 1 - 2 Myr. We have derived the cluster initial mass function, which appears to flatten (on the low-mass side) at higher masses with respect to other very young clusters. The quiescent X-ray emission of low-mass cluster stars is found to be rather strictly correlated with the stellar bolometric luminosity: the small spread in this correlation puts an upper bound on the amplitude of X-ray variability on time scales longer than one day (e.g., activity cycles) in such young coronal sources. We find significant X-ray spectral differences between low-mass stars brighter and fainter than log L-X similar to 30.3 (erg/s), respectively, with X-ray brighter stars showing hotter components (kT similar to 2 keV), absent in fainter stars. C1 Osserv Astron Palermol GS Vaiana, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. ESO, Santiago 19001, Chile. Observ Astron Lisboa, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, SIM, IDL, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Damiani, F (reprint author), Osserv Astron Palermol GS Vaiana, INAF, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RI Moitinho de Almeida, Andre/L-1624-2015; Huelamo, Nuria/C-3042-2017; OI Moitinho de Almeida, Andre/0000-0003-0822-5995; Huelamo, Nuria/0000-0002-2711-8143; Micela, Giuseppina/0000-0002-9900-4751; Damiani, Francesco/0000-0002-7065-3061 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 460 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065011 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 108ZD UT WOS:000242276800014 ER PT J AU Hempelmann, A Robrade, J Schmitt, JHMM Favata, F Baliunas, SL Hall, JC AF Hempelmann, A. Robrade, J. Schmitt, J. H. M. M. Favata, F. Baliunas, S. L. Hall, J. C. TI Coronal activity cycles in 61 Cygni SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : chromospheres; stars : coronae; stars : late-type; X-rays : stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; SUN AB Context. While the existence of stellar analogues of the 11 years solar activity cycle is proven for dozens of stars from optical observations of chromospheric activity, the observation of clearly cyclical coronal activity is still in its infancy. Aims. In this paper, long-term X-ray monitoring of the binary 61 Cygni is used to investigate possible coronal activity cycles in moderately active stars. Methods. We are monitoring both stellar components, a K5V (A) and a K7V (B) star, of 61 Cyg with XMM-Newton. The first four years of these observations are combined with ROSAT HRI observations of an earlier monitoring campaign. The X-ray light curves are compared with the long-term monitoring of chromospheric activity, as measured by the Mt.Wilson CaII H+K S-index. Results. Besides the observation of variability on short time scales, long-term variations of the X-ray activity are clearly present. For 61 Cyg A we find a coronal cycle which clearly reflects the well-known and distinct chromospheric activity cycle. The changes of coronal properties during the cycle resemble the solar behaviour. The coronal activity of 61 Cyg B also follows the chromospheric variability, although a pronounced sinusoidal chromospheric cycle of large amplitude is not noticeable. This is also reflected in the XMM-Newton observations with a rather complex long-term variability during that time. Conclusions. 61 Cyg A is the first star where a persistent coronal activity cycle has been observed. C1 Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. European Space Agcy, Estec, Div Astrophys, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hempelmann, A (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM ahempelmann@hs.uni-hamburg.de NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 460 IS 1 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065459 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 108ZD UT WOS:000242276800028 ER PT J AU Koutroumpa, D Lallement, R Kharchenko, V Dalgarno, A Pepino, R Izmodenov, V Quemerais, E AF Koutroumpa, D. Lallement, R. Kharchenko, V. Dalgarno, A. Pepino, R. Izmodenov, V. Quemerais, E. TI Charge-transfer induced EUV and soft X-ray emissions in the heliosphere SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar wind; X-rays : diffuse background; ISM : general; galaxy : halo; X-rays : ISM; ISM : supernova remmants ID SOLAR-WIND IONS; SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; SLOW COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; INTERSTELLAR H; STRIPPED IONS; INTERFACE; HYDROGEN; EXCHANGE; HELIUM AB Aims. We study the EUV/soft X-ray emission generated by charge transfer between solar wind heavy ions and interstellar neutral atoms and variations of the X-ray intensities and spectra with the line of sight direction, the observer location, the solar cycle phase and the solar wind anisotropies, and a temporary enhancement of the solar wind similar to the event observed by Snowden et al. (2004) during the XMM-Hubble Deep Field North exposure. Methods. Using recent observations of the neutral atoms combined with updated cross-sections and cascading photon spectra we have computed self-consistent distributions of interstellar hydrogen, helium and highly charged solar wind ions for a stationary solar wind and we have constructed monochromatic emission maps and spectra. We have evaluated separately the contribution of the heliosheath and heliotail, and included X-ray emission of the excited solar wind ions produced in sequential collisions to the signal. Results. In most practicable observations, the low and medium latitude X-ray emission is significantly higher at minimum activity than at maximum, especially around December. This occurs due to a strong depletion of neutrals during the high activity phase, which is not compensated by an increase of the solar wind flux. For high latitudes the emission depends on the ion species in a complex way. Intensity maps are in general significantly different for observations separated by six-month intervals. Secondary ions are found to make a negligible contribution to the X-ray line of sight intensities, because their density becomes significant only at large distances. The contribution of the heliosheath-heliotail is always smaller than 5%. We can reproduce both the intensity range and the temporal variation of the XMM-HDFN emission lines in the 0.52-0.75 keV interval, using a simple enhanced solar wind spiral stream. This suggests a dominant heliospheric origin for these lines, before, during and also after the event. C1 CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Mech & Math, Dept Aeromech & Gas Dynam, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Koutroumpa, D (reprint author), CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. EM dimitra.koutroumpa@aerov.jussieu.fr RI Izmodenov, Vladislav/K-6073-2012 OI Izmodenov, Vladislav/0000-0002-1748-0982 NR 65 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 460 IS 1 BP 289 EP U228 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065250 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 108ZD UT WOS:000242276800031 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Somerville, RS Hernquist, L Cox, TJ Robertson, B Li, YX AF Hopkins, Philip F. Somerville, Rachel S. Hernquist, Lars Cox, Thomas J. Robertson, Brant Li, Yuexing TI The relation between quasar and merging galaxy luminosity functions and the merger-driven star formation history of the universe SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; LY-ALPHA FOREST; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SOFT-X-RAY; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE IMAGES; ISOLATED DISK GALAXIES AB Using a model for the self-regulated growth of supermassive BHs in mergers involving gas-rich galaxies, we study the relationship between quasars and the population of merging galaxies and predict the merger-driven SFR density of the universe. Mergers drive gas inflows, fueling starbursts and "buried" quasars until feedback disperses the gas, allowing the quasar to be briefly visible as a bright optical source. By simulating the evolution of such events, we demonstrate that the observed statistics of merger rates/fractions, luminosity and mass functions, SFR distributions, quasar (and quasar host) luminosity functions, and elliptical/red galaxy luminosity and mass functions are self-consistent. We use our simulations to deconvolve quasar and merger luminosity functions and determine the birthrate of BHs and merger rates as a function of mass. From this, we predict the merging galaxy luminosity function in various observed wavebands, color-magnitude relations, mass functions, SFR distributions and density, and quasar host galaxy luminosity function, as a function of redshift from z = 0 to 6. We invert this to predict quasar luminosity functions from observed merger luminosity functions or SFR distributions. Our results show good agreement with observations, but idealized models of quasar light curves give inaccurate estimates and are ruled out at > 99.9% confidence, provided that quasars are triggered in mergers. Using only quasar observations, we estimate the contribution of mergers to the SFR density of the universe to high redshifts, z similar to 4, and constrain the evolution in the characteristic initial gas fractions of quasar and spheroid-producing mergers. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 251 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 864 EP 888 DI 10.1086/508503 PN 1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100004 ER PT J AU Wray, JJ Bahcall, NA Bode, P Boettiger, C Hopkins, PF AF Wray, James J. Bahcall, Neta A. Bode, Paul Boettiger, Carl Hopkins, Philip F. TI The shape, multiplicity, and evolution of superclusters in Lambda CDM cosmology SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; UNIVERSE; CLUSTERS AB We determine the shape, multiplicity, size, and radial structure of superclusters in the Lambda CDM concordance cosmology from z = 0 to z = 2. Superclusters are defined as clusters of clusters in our large-scale cosmological simulation. We find that superclusters are triaxial in shape; many have flattened since early times to become nearly two-dimensional structures at present, with a small fraction of filamentary systems. The size and multiplicity functions are presented at different redshifts. Supercluster sizes extend to scales of similar to 100-200 h(-1) Mpc. The supercluster multiplicity (richness) increases linearly with supercluster size. The density profile in superclusters is approximately isothermal (similar to R-2) and steepens on larger scales. These results can be used as a new test of the current cosmology when compared with upcoming observations of large-scale surveys. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wray, JJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jwray@astro.cornell.edu; neta@astro.princeton.edu; bode@astro.princeton.edu; cboettig@astro.princeton.edu; phopkins@cfa.harvard.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Boettiger, Carl/F-9784-2010 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 907 EP 916 DI 10.1086/508600 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100007 ER PT J AU Bradac, M Clowe, D Gonzalez, AH Marshall, P Forman, W Jones, C Markevitch, M Randall, S Schrabback, T Zaritsky, D AF Bradac, Marusa Clowe, Douglas Gonzalez, Anthony H. Marshall, Phil Forman, William Jones, Christine Markevitch, Maxim Randall, Scott Schrabback, Tim Zaritsky, Dennis TI Strong and weak lensing united. III. Measuring the mass distribution of the merging galaxy cluster 1ES 0657-558 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (1ES 0657-558); gravitational lensing ID DARK-MATTER; ADVANCED CAMERA; RECONSTRUCTION; 1E0657-56; EXISTENCE; IMAGES; FIELD AB The galaxy cluster 1ES 0657-558 (z = 0.296) is remarkably well suited for addressing outstanding issues in both galaxy evolution and fundamental physics. We present a reconstruction of the mass distribution from both strong and weak gravitational lensing data. Multicolor, high-resolution HST ACS images allow detection of many more arc candidates than were previously known, especially around the subcluster. Using the known redshift of one of the multiply imaged systems, we determine the remaining source redshifts using the predictive power of the strong-lens model. Combining this information with shape measurements of "weakly" lensed sources, we derive a high-resolution, absolutely calibrated mass map, using no assumptions regarding the physical properties of the underlying cluster potential. This map provides the best available quantification of the total mass of the central part of the cluster. We also confirm the result from Clowe and colleagues that the total mass does not trace the baryonic mass. C1 Kavli Inst Part Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA USA. Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bradac, M (reprint author), Kavli Inst Part Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 20450,MS29, Stanford, CA USA. OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 28 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 937 EP 947 DI 10.1086/508601 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100009 ER PT J AU Kim, DW Fabbiano, G Kalogera, V King, AR Pellegrini, S Trinchieri, G Zepf, SE Zezas, A Angelini, L Davies, RL Gallagher, JS AF Kim, D. -W. Fabbiano, G. Kalogera, V. King, A. R. Pellegrini, S. Trinchieri, G. Zepf, S. E. Zezas, A. Angelini, L. Davies, R. L. Gallagher, J. S. TI Probing the low-luminosity X-ray luminosity function in normal elliptical galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies ID CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; GLOBULAR CLUSTER CONNECTION; LOW-MASS; POINT-SOURCE; CENTAURUS-A; ULTRACOMPACT BINARIES; POPULATION; FIELD; M31; NGC-4472 AB We present the first low-luminosity [L-X > (5-10) x 10(36) ergs s(-1)] X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) determined for two typical old elliptical galaxies, NGC 3379 and NGC 4278. Because both galaxies contain little diffuse emission from hot ISM and no recent significant star formation (hence no high-mass X-ray binary contamination), they provide two of the best homogeneous sample of LMXBs. With 110 and 140 ks Chandra ACIS S3 exposures, we detect 59 and 112 LMXBs within the D-25 ellipses of NGC 3379 and NGC 4278, respectively. The resulting XLFs are well represented by a single power law with a slope (in a differential form) of 1.9 +/- 0.1. In NGC 4278, we can exclude the break at L-X similar to 5 x 10(37) ergs s(-1) that was recently suggested as being a general feature of LMXB XLFs. In NGC 3379, on the other hand, we find a localized excess over the power-law XLF at similar to 4 x 10(37) ergs s(-1), but with a marginal significance of similar to 1.6 sigma. Because of the small number of luminous sources, we cannot constrain the high-luminosity break (at 5 x 10(38) ergs s(-1)) found in a large sample of early- type galaxies. For our two galaxies, the ratios of the integrated LMXB X-ray luminosities to the optical luminosities differ by a factor of 4, but are consistent with the general trend of a positive correlation between the X-ray-to-optical luminosity ratio and the globular cluster specific frequency. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kim, DW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kim@cfa.harvard.edu; gfabbiano@cfa.harvard.edu; vicky@northwestern.edu; ark@star.le.ac.uk; silvia.pellegrini@unibo.it; ginevra.trinchieri@brera.inaf.it; zepf@pa.msu.edu; azezas@cfa.harvard.edu; angelini@davide.gsfc.nasa.gov; rld@astro.ox.ac.uk; jsg@astro.wisc.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1090 EP 1096 DI 10.1086/508415 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100024 ER PT J AU Macri, LM Stanek, KZ Bersier, D Greenhill, LJ Reid, MJ AF Macri, L. M. Stanek, K. Z. Bersier, D. Greenhill, L. J. Reid, M. J. TI A new Cepheid distance to the maser-host galaxy NGC 4258 and its implications for the Hubble constant SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; distance scale; galaxies : individual ( NGC 4258) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; RED GIANT BRANCH; TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; PERIOD-COLOR RELATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; IA SUPERNOVAE; METALLICITY DEPENDENCE; FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES; ECLIPSING BINARIES AB We present initial results from a time series BVI survey of two fields in NGC 4258 using the HSTACS. This galaxy was selected because of its accurate maser-based distance, which is anticipated to have a total uncertainty of similar to 3%. The goal of the HST observations is to provide an absolute calibration of the Cepheid distance scale and to measure its dependence on chemical abundance (the so-called metallicity effect). We carried out observations of two fields at different galactocentric distances with a mean abundance difference of 0.5 dex. We discovered a total of 281 Cepheids with periods ranging from 4 to 45 days (the duration of our observing window). We determine a Cepheid distance modulus for NGC 4258 (relative to the LMC) of Delta mu(0) = 10.88 +/- 0.04 (random) +/- 0.05 (systematic) mag. Given the published maser distance to the galaxy, this implies mu(0)(LMC) = 18.41 +/- 0.10(r) +/- 0.13(s) mag or D(LMC) = 48.1 +/- 2.3(gamma) +/- 2.9(s) kpc. We measure a metallicity effect of gamma = -0.29 +/- 0.09(r) +/- 0.05(s) mag dex(-1). We see no evidence for a variation in the slope of the period-luminosity relation as a function of abundance. We estimate a Hubble constant of H-0 = 74 +/- 3(r) +/- 6(s) km s(-1) Mpc(-1) using a recent sample of four well-observed Type Ia SNe and our new calibration of the Cepheid distance scale. It may soon be possible to measure the value of H-0 with a total uncertainty of 5%, with consequent improvement in the determination of the equation of state of dark energy. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Macri, LM (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lmacri@noao.edu; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; dfb@astro.livjm.ac.uk; greenhill@cfa.harvard.edu; reid@cfa.harvard.edu OI Macri, Lucas/0000-0002-1775-4859 NR 67 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1133 EP 1149 DI 10.1086/508530 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100029 ER PT J AU Kallivayalil, N van der Marel, RP Alcock, C AF Kallivayalil, Nitya van der Marel, Roeland P. Alcock, Charles TI The SMC bound to the LMC? The Hubble Space Telescope proper motion of the SMC SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : interactions; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; Magellanic Clouds ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; SKY SURVEY VIEW; VARIABILITY-SELECTED QUASARS; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; MILKY-WAY; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; STELLAR POPULATIONS; HALO SUBSTRUCTURE AB We present a measurement of the systemic proper motion of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) made using the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We tracked the SMC's motion relative to four background QSOs over a baseline of approximately 2 yr. The measured proper motion is mu(W) = -1.16 +/- 0.18 mas yr(-1), mu(N) = -1.17 +/- 0.18 mas yr(-1). This is the best measurement yet of the SMC's proper motion. We combine this new result with our prior estimate of the proper motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) from the same observing program to investigate the orbital evolution of both Clouds over the past 9 Gyr. The current relative velocity between the Clouds is 105 +/- 42 km s(-1). Our investigations of the past orbital motions of the Clouds in a simple model for the dark halo of the Milky Way imply that the Clouds could be unbound from each other. However, our data are also consistent with orbits in which the Clouds have been bound to each other for approximately a Hubble time. Smaller proper-motion errors and better understanding of the LMC and SMC masses would be required to constrain their past orbital history and their bound versus unbound nature unambiguously. The new proper-motion measurements should be sufficient to allow the construction of improved models for the origin and properties of the Magellanic Stream. In turn, this will provide new constraints on the properties of the Milky Way dark halo. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kallivayalil, N (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nkalliva@cfa.harvard.edu; marel@stsci.edu; calcock@cfa.harvard.edu NR 70 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1213 EP 1229 DI 10.1086/508014 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100033 ER PT J AU Karakas, AI Fenner, Y Sills, A Campbell, SW Lattanzio, JC AF Karakas, A. I. Fenner, Y. Sills, Alison Campbell, S. W. Lattanzio, J. C. TI The chemical evolution of helium in globular clusters: Implications for the self-pollution scenario SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : general; stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : chemically peculiar ID INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; RED GIANT BRANCH; MAIN-SEQUENCE TURNOFF; OMEGA-CENTAURI; ABUNDANCE VARIATIONS; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH; FULL COMPUTATION; EARLY SUBGIANTS; AGB EVOLUTION; FIELD STARS AB We investigate the suggestion that there are stellar populations in some globular clusters with enhanced helium (Y similar to 0.28 - 0.40) compared to the primordial value. We assume that a previous generation of massive asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars have polluted the cluster. Two independent sets of AGB yields are used to follow the evolution of helium and CNO using a Salpeter initial mass function (IMF) and two top-heavy IMFs. In no case are we able to produce the postulated large Y similar to 0.35 without violating the observational constraint that the CNO content is nearly constant. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Ctr Stellar & Planetary Astrophys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Karakas, AI (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM yfenner@cfa.harvard.edu; asills@mcmaster.ca; simon.campbell@maths.monash.edu.au; john.lattanzio@sci.monash.edu.au RI Campbell, Simon/C-4887-2013; OI Lattanzio, John/0000-0003-2952-859X NR 57 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1240 EP 1245 DI 10.1086/508504 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100035 ER PT J AU Seward, FD Tucker, WH Fesen, RA AF Seward, F. D. Tucker, W. H. Fesen, R. A. TI Faint X-ray structure in the crab pulsar wind nebula SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Crab Nebula); stars : neutron; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SYNCHROTRON NEBULA; LUNAR OCCULTATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EMISSION; JET; SPECTRUM; ORIGIN; POLARIZATION AB We report on a Chandra observation of the Crab Nebula that gives the first clear view of the faint boundary of the Crab's X-ray-emitting pulsar wind nebula. There is structure in all directions. Fingers, loops, bays, and the south pulsar jet all indicate that either filamentary material or the magnetic field is controlling the relativistic electrons. In general, spectra soften as distance from the pulsar increases but do not change rapidly along linear features. This is particularly true for the pulsar jet. The termination of the jet is abrupt; the east side is close to an [O III] optical filament, which may be blocking propagation on this side. We argue that linear features have ordered magnetic fields and that the structure is determined by the synchrotron lifetime of particles diffusing perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field. We find no significant evidence for thermal X-rays inside the filamentary envelope. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Seward, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1277 EP 1287 DI 10.1086/508532 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100039 ER PT J AU Keto, E Broderick, AE Lada, CJ Narayan, R AF Keto, Eric Broderick, Avery E. Lada, Charles J. Narayan, Ramesh TI Oscillations of starless cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; stars : formation ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CARLO RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DARK CLOUD; PROTOSTELLAR COLLAPSE; PRESTELLAR CORES; MOLECULAR CLOUD; INFALL MOTIONS; BOK GLOBULES; CS 2-1; CHEMISTRY AB If the split, asymmetric molecular spectral line profiles that are seen in many starless cores are interpreted as indicative of global collapse or expansion of the core, then one possible implication is that most starless cores have short lifetimes, on the order of the collapse or sound crossing timescale. An alternative interpretation of the line profiles, as indicative of perturbations on an underlying equilibrium structure, leads to the opposite implication, that many cores have long lifetimes. While evidence suggests that some cores are collapsing on a free-fall timescale, we show that observations of some other starless cores can be reproduced by a model of nonradial oscillations about the equilibrium configuration of a pressure-bounded, thermally-supported sphere (Bonnor-Ebert sphere). We model the oscillations as linear perturbations following a standard analysis developed for stellar pulsations and compare the column densities and molecular spectral line profiles predicted from a particular model to observations of the Bok globule B68. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Keto, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 49 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1366 EP 1373 DI 10.1086/508251 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100047 ER PT J AU Blazek, JA Gaensler, BM Chatterjee, S van der Swaluw, E Camilo, F Stappers, BW AF Blazek, J. A. Gaensler, B. M. Chatterjee, S. van der Swaluw, E. Camilo, F. Stappers, B. W. TI The duck redux: An improved proper-motion upper limit for the pulsar B1757-24 near the supernova remnant G5.4-1.2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (G5.4-1.2); pulsars : individual (B1757-24); radio continuum : ISM; stars : neutron; supernova remnants ID MAGNETIC-FIELD EVOLUTION; HIGH-VELOCITY PULSAR; X-RAY; RADIO PULSARS; NEUTRON-STARS; BRAKING INDEX; WIND NEBULAE; PSR B1757-24; ORIGIN; SHELLS AB "The Duck" is a complicated nonthermal radio system, consisting of the energetic radio pulsar B1757-24, its surrounding pulsar wind nebula G5.27-0.90, and the adjacent supernova remnant (SNR) G5.4-1.2. PSR B1757-24 was originally claimed to be a young (approximate to 15,000 yr) and extreme-velocity (greater than or similar to 1500 km s(-1)) pulsar, which had penetrated and emerged from the shell of the associated SNR G5.4-1.2; but recent upper limits on the pulsar's motion have raised serious difficulties with this interpretation. We here present 8.5 GHz interferometric observations of the nebula G5.27-0.90 over a 12 yr baseline, doubling the time span of previous measurements. These data correspondingly allow us to halve the previous upper limit on the nebula's westward motion to 14 mas yr(-1) (5 sigma), allowing a substantive reevaluation of this puzzling object. We rule out the possibility that the pulsar and SNR were formed from a common supernova explosion approximate to 15,000 yr ago, as implied by the pulsar's characteristic age, but conclude that an old (greater than or similar to 70,000 yr) pulsar/SNR association, or a situation in which the pulsar and SNR are physically unrelated, are both still viable explanations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Stiching ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Blazek, JA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM blazek@post.harvard.edu; bgaensler@usyd.edu.au RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1523 EP 1530 DI 10.1086/507938 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100061 ER PT J AU Fong, D Meixner, M Sutton, EC Zalucha, A Welch, WJ AF Fong, D. Meixner, M. Sutton, E. C. Zalucha, A. Welch, W. J. TI Evolution of the circumstellar molecular envelope. I. A bima CO survey of evolved stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; radio lines : stars; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : mass loss ID IRC +10 216; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MASS-LOSS RATES; PLANETARY-NEBULA BD+30-DEGREES-3639; BIPOLAR PREPLANETARY NEBULAE; CRYSTALLINE SILICATE DUST; EXCITATION ATOMIC GAS; BRIGHT CARBON STARS; PROTOPLANETARY NEBULAE; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB This paper reports the results of a small imaging survey of eight evolved stars including two AGB stars (IRC + 10216 and Mira), five proto-planetary nebula (PPN) candidates (AFGL 2688, IRAS 22272+5435, HD 161796, 89 Her, and HD 179821), and a planetary nebula (PN, NGC 7027). We present high-resolution (CO)-C-12 J = 1 -> 0 maps of their full molecular envelopes made by combining BIMA Millimeter Array and NRAO 12 m telescope observations. For the PPNe and PN, the neutral molecular envelopes are compared with images taken at optical, near-IR, and mid-IR wavelengths. Drawing from the literature, we augmented our BIMA survey sample to 38 well-studied sources with CO emission maps. We classified this sample of sources based on the kinematics and morphologies of the CO emission into three types: spherical/elliptical/shell sources, disk sources, and structured outflow sources. Confirming previous studies, we find strong evidence for the photodissociation of the molecular envelope as an object evolves from the AGB to PN stages. While the spherical AGB stars follow theoretical expectations for mass-loss rate versus envelope size, the post-AGB structured outflow sources have significantly higher mass-loss rates than expected probably because of their recent superwinds. We find evidence that the structured outflows are clearly younger than the AGB wind. The disk sources have little correlation between mass-loss rate and envelope size because their properties are determined more by the properties of the central stars and disk evolution than by the mass-loss rate history that shapes the spherical and structured-outflow sources. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fong, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Sutton, Edmund/H-5113-2011 NR 147 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1626 EP 1653 DI 10.1086/508127 PN 1 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100070 ER PT J AU Holman, MJ Winn, JN Latham, DW O'Donovan, FT Charbonneau, D Bakos, GA Esquerdo, GA Hergenrother, C Everett, ME Pal, A AF Holman, Matthew J. Winn, Joshua N. Latham, David W. O'Donovan, Francis T. Charbonneau, David Bakos, Gaspar A. Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Hergenrother, Carl Everett, Mark E. Pal, Andras TI The transit light curve project. I. Four consecutive transits of the exoplanet XO-1b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 02041-01657); techniques : photometric ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; HOT JUPITERS; PHOTOMETRY; ORBITS; SCINTILLATION; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION AB We present RIz photometry of four consecutive transits of the newly discovered exoplanet XO-1b. We improve on the estimates of the transit parameters, finding the planetary radius to be R(P) 1.184(-0.018)(+0.028)R(J), and the stellar radius to be R(star) 0.928(-0.013)(+0.018) R(circle dot), assuming a stellar mass of M(star) (1.00 +/- 0.03) M(circle dot). The uncertainties in the planetary and stellar radii are dominated by the uncertainty in the stellar mass. These uncertainties increase by a factor of 2-3 if a more conservative uncertainty of 0.10 M(circle dot) is assumed for the stellar mass. Our estimate of the planetary radius is smaller than that reported by McCullough and coworkers, and the resulting estimate for the mean density of XO-1b is intermediate between that of the low-density planet HD 209458b and the higher density planets TrES-1 and HD 189733b. The timings of the transits have an accuracy ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 minutes and are marginally consistent with a uniform period. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary. RP Holman, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mholman@cfa.harvard.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 34 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1715 EP 1723 DI 10.1086/508155 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100075 ER PT J AU Ford, EB Gaudi, BS AF Ford, Eric B. Gaudi, B. Scott TI Observational constraints on trojans of transiting extrasolar planets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; planetary systems : formation; techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; HOT JUPITERS; PHOTOMETRY; NEPTUNE; ORBITS; STAR; COMPANIONS; MIGRATION; SEARCH; SATURN AB Theoretical studies predict that Trojans are likely a frequent by-product of planet formation and evolution. We present a novel method of detecting Trojan companions to transiting extrasolar planets that involves comparing the midtime of eclipse with the time of the stellar reflex velocity null. We demonstrate that this method offers the potential to detect terrestrial-mass Trojans using existing ground- based observatories. This method rules out Trojan companions to HD 209458b and HD 149026b more massive than similar or equal to 13 and similar or equal to 25 M-circle plus at a 99.9% confidence level. Such a Trojan would be dynamically stable, would not yet have been detected by photometric or spectroscopic monitoring, and would be unrecognizable from radial velocity observations alone. We outline the future prospects for this method and show that the detection of a "Hot Trojan" of any mass would place a significant constraint on theories of orbital migration. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 39 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP L137 EP L140 DI 10.1086/510235 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MS UT WOS:000242530700017 ER PT J AU Kallivayalil, N Patten, BM Marengo, M Alcock, C Werner, MW Fazio, GG AF Kallivayalil, Nitya Patten, Brian M. Marengo, Massimo Alcock, Charles Werner, Michael W. Fazio, Giovanni G. TI Identification of the microlens in event MACHO-LMC-20 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : structure; gravitational lensing; stars : late type ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; MASSIVE VARIABILITY SURVEYS; LIGHT-CURVE CLASSIFICATION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MACHO PROJECT; GALACTIC HALO; MILKY-WAY; PHOTOMETRY; COLORS AB We report on the identification of the lens responsible for microlensing event MACHO-LMC-20. As part of a Spitzer IRAC program conducting mid-infrared follow-up of the MACHO Large Magellanic Cloud microlensing fields, we discovered a significant flux excess at the position of the source star for this event. These data, in combination with high-resolution near-infrared Magellan PANIC data, have allowed us to classify the lens as an early M dwarf in the thick disk of the Milky Way, at a distance of similar to 2 kpc. This is only the second microlens to have been identified, the first also being a M dwarf star in the disk. Together, these two events are still consistent with the expected frequency of nearby stars in the Milky Way thin and thick disks acting as lenses. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. RP Kallivayalil, N (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP L97 EP L100 DI 10.1086/510293 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MS UT WOS:000242530700007 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Gottlieb, CA Gupta, H Thaddeus, P AF McCarthy, M. C. Gottlieb, C. A. Gupta, H. Thaddeus, P. TI Laboratory and astronomical identification of the negative molecular ion C6H- SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; line : identification; molecular data; molecular processes; radio lines : ISM ID CARBON CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE; SPECTRA; LINES; CNH; IRC+10216; CHEMISTRY; RADICALS AB The negative molecular ion C6H- has been detected in the radio band in the laboratory and has been identified in the molecular envelope of IRC + 10216 and in the dense molecular cloud TMC-1. The spectroscopic constants derived from laboratory measurements of 17 rotational lines between 8 and 187 GHz are identical to those derived from the astronomical data, establishing unambiguously that C6H- is the carrier of the series of lines with rotational constant 1377 MHz first observed by K. Kawaguchi et al. in IRC + 10216. The column density of C6H- toward both sources is 1%-5% that of neutral C6H. These surprisingly high abundances for a negative ion imply that if other molecular anions are similarly abundant with respect to their neutral counterparts, they may be detectable both in the laboratory at high resolution and in interstellar molecular clouds. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Theoret Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu; cgottlieb@cfa.harvard.edu; hgupta@cfa.harvard.edu; pthaddeus@cfa.harvard.edu NR 32 TC 256 Z9 256 U1 2 U2 23 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP L141 EP L144 DI 10.1086/510238 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MS UT WOS:000242530700018 ER PT J AU Oberst, TE Parshley, SC Stacey, GJ Nikola, T Lohr, A Harnett, JI Tothill, NFH Lane, AP Stark, AA Tucker, CE AF Oberst, T. E. Parshley, S. C. Stacey, G. J. Nikola, T. Lohr, A. Harnett, J. I. Tothill, N. F. H. Lane, A. P. Stark, A. A. Tucker, C. E. TI Detection of the 205 mu m [N II] line from the Carina nebula SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; infrared : ISM; instrumentation : spectrographs; ISM : atoms; ISM : individual (Carina Nebula); ISM : lines and bands ID ANTARCTIC-SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; ETA-CARINAE; C-II; EMISSION; MICRON; REGIONS; GALAXIES; ORIGIN AB We report the first detection of the 205 mu m P-3(t) -> (3) P-0 [NII] line from a ground- based observatory using a direct detection spectrometer. The line was detected from the Carina star formation region using the South Pole Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (SPIFI) on the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) at the South Pole. The [N II] 205 mu m line strength indicates a low-density (n similar to 32 cm(-3)) ionized medium, similar to the low-density ionized halo previously reported in its [O III] 52 and 88 mu m line emission. When compared with the Infrared Space Observatory [C II] observations of this region, we find that 27% of the [C II] line emission arises from this low-density ionized gas, but the large majority (similar to 73%) of the observed [C II] line emission arises from the neutral interstellar medium. This result supports and underpins prior conclusions that most of the observed [C II] 158 mm line emission from Galactic and extragalactic sources arises from the warm, dense photodissociated surfaces of molecular clouds. The detection of the [N II] line demonstrates the utility of Antarctic sites for THz spectroscopy. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. RP Oberst, TE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Tothill, Nicholas/M-6379-2016 OI Tothill, Nicholas/0000-0002-9931-5162 NR 28 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP L125 EP L128 DI 10.1086/510289 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MS UT WOS:000242530700014 ER PT J AU Haverkorn, M Gaensler, BM McClure-Griffiths, NM Dickey, JM Green, AJ AF Haverkorn, M. Gaensler, B. M. McClure-Griffiths, N. M. Dickey, J. M. Green, A. J. TI The Southern Galactic Plane Survey: Polarized radio continuum observations and analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : magnetic fields; ISM : structure; radio continuum : ISM; techniques : polarimetric; turbulence ID ROTATION MEASURES; MULTIFREQUENCY POLARIMETRY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; INNER GALAXY; 350 MHZ; TURBULENCE; REGION; DEPOLARIZATION; ASTRONOMY; ALGORITHM AB The Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS) is a radio survey in the 21 cm H I line and in 1.4 GHz full-polarization continuum, observed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Parkes 64 m single-dish telescope. The survey spans a Galactic longitude of 253 degrees < l < 358 degrees and a latitude of \b\ < 1.degrees 5 at a resolution of 100 '' and a sensitivity below 1 mJy beam(-1). This paper presents interferometer only polarized continuum survey data and describes the data taking, analysis processes, and data products. The primary data products are the four Stokes parameters I, Q, U, and V in 25 overlapping fields of 5.degrees 5 by 3 degrees, from which polarized intensity, polarization angle, and rotation measure are calculated. We describe the effects of missing short spacings, and discuss the importance of the polarized continuum data in the SGPS for studies of fluctuations and turbulence in the ionized interstellar medium and for studying the strength and structure of the Galactic magnetic field. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Dept Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Haverkorn, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marijke@astro.berkeley.edu; bgaensler@cfa.harvard.edu; naomi.mcclure-griffiths@csiro.au; john.dickey@utas.edu.au; agreen@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Dickey, John/C-6156-2013; OI McClure-Griffiths, Naomi/0000-0003-2730-957X; Dickey, John/0000-0002-6300-7459; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 37 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 167 IS 2 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1086/508467 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MH UT WOS:000242529600006 ER PT J AU Kaltenegger, L Fridlund, M Karlsson, A AF Kaltenegger, Lisa Fridlund, Malcolm Karlsson, Anders TI Interferometric space missions for the search for terrestrial exoplanets: Requirements on the rejection ratio SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extrasolar planet search; nulling interferometer; TPF mission; DARWIN mission; earth-like planets; terrestrial exo-planets ID NON-SOLAR PLANETS; NULLING INTERFEROMETER; DARWIN PROJECT; TELESCOPE AB The requirements on space missions designed to study Terrestrial exoplanets are discussed. We then investigate whether the design of such a mission, specifically the Darwin nulling interferometer, can be carried out in a simplified scenario. The key element here is accepting somewhat higher levels of stellar leakage. We establish detailed requirements resulting from the scientific rationale for the mission, and calculate detailed parameters for the stellar suppression required to achieve those requirements. We do this utilizing the Darwin input catalogue. The dominating noise source for most targets in this sample is essentially constant for all targets, while the leakage diminishes with the square of the distance. This means that the stellar leakage has an effect on the integration time only for the nearby stars, while for the more distant targets its influence decreases significantly. We assess the impact of different array configurations and nulling profiles and identify the stars for which the detection efficiency can be maximized. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. European Space Agcy, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Kaltenegger, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lkaltenegger@cfa.harvard.edu; mfridlun@rssd.esa.int; akarlsson@rssd.esa.int NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 306 IS 3 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9183-z PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 113NY UT WOS:000242605800005 ER PT J AU Harris, TR AF Harris, Tara R. TI Between-group contest competition for food in a highly folivorous population of black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colobus guereza; Colobine monkeys; feeding competition; between-group contest; folivore; intergroup relationships ID KIBALE NATIONAL-PARK; FEMALE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; LANGURS PRESBYTIS-ENTELLUS; KAKAMEGA FOREST; GROUP-SIZE; PRIMATES; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; UGANDA AB In theory, between-group contest (BGC) competition for food can greatly influence female social relationships and reproductive success in primates, but few studies have investigated whether such effects occur and, if so, under what ecological conditions. There is evidence that adult male black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza, "guerezas") defend the food their mates need against other groups, suggesting that BGC competition is important in this species. Using data on feeding, ranging, vegetation patterns, and intergroup encounters between six neighboring guereza groups, I provide evidence that the highly folivorous guerezas at Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda, engaged in BGC competition over unevenly dispersed, relatively high-quality feeding areas or "core areas". Intergroup aggression was common, and groups' home ranges overlapped. Groups were more likely to initiate high-level aggression if they encountered another group within or near their core area, and groups that initiated and won encounters often fed in the same areas in which losing groups had fed. Guerezas fed selectively on species with contagious (clumped) distributions and concentrated their feeding efforts in areas of the forest that contained the most food (core areas). Groups could be ranked in a linear dominance hierarchy, and group rank number was inversely related to the quantity and quality of food in groups' core areas. This study not only provides good evidence that BGC competition occurs in primates but it also reinforces the idea that folivore food resources may be worth defending. C1 Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Primatol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Park Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Harris, TR (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Primatol, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM taraharris1@juno.com NR 57 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 8 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s00265-006-0261-6 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 109GC UT WOS:000242294900015 ER PT J AU Kursar, TA Caballero-George, CC Capson, TL Cubilla-Rios, L Gerwick, WH Gupta, MP Ibanez, A Linington, RG McPhail, KL Ortega-Barria, E Romero, LI Solis, PN Coley, PD AF Kursar, Thomas A. Caballero-George, Catherina C. Capson, Todd L. Cubilla-Rios, Luis Gerwick, William H. Gupta, Mahabir P. Ibanez, Alicia Linington, Roger G. McPhail, Kerry L. Ortega-Barria, Eduardo Romero, Luz I. Solis, Pablo N. Coley, Phyllis D. TI Securing economic benefits and promoting conservation through bioprospecting SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity conservation; benefit sharing; Convention on Biological Diversity; ecological economics; ecosystem services ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DRUG DISCOVERY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NEGLECTED DISEASES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GENETIC-RESOURCES; HEALTH; PESTICIDES; WORLD AB Bioprospecting has frequently been cited as a sustainable use of biodiversity. Nevertheless, the level of bioprospecting in biodiversity-rich tropical regions falls below its potential, with the result that bioprospecting has produced only limited economic benefits. We present a bioprospecting program that, in addition to promoting drug discovery, provides economic benefits to and promotes conservation in Panama through the sustainable use of biodiversity. The program was initiated using insights from 20 years of nonapplied ecological research to enhance the likelihood of finding treatments for human disease. Samples are not sent abroad; rather, most of the research is carried out in Panamanian laboratories. Panama has received immediate benefits for the use of its biodiversity in the form of research funding derived from sources outside Panama, training for young Panamanian scientists, and enhanced laboratory infrastructure. Over the long term, discoveries derived from bioprospecting may help to establish research-based industries in Panama. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Panama, Panama City, Panama. Univ Panama, Fac Pharm, Ctr Estudios Farmacognost Flora Panamena, Panama City, Panama. INDICASAT, Clayton, Ancon, Panama. Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kursar, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. EM kursar@biology.utah.edu OI Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[1005:SEBAPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 116ID UT WOS:000242795000010 ER PT J AU Wise, MA Anderson, AJ AF Wise, Michael A. Anderson, Alan J. TI The emerald- and spodumene-bearing quartz veins of the Rist emerald mine, Hiddenite, North Carolina SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE emerald; chromian spodumene; hydrothermal quartz vein; Rist mine; Hiddenite; North Carolina ID FLUID INCLUSIONS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MINERALIZATION; PEGMATITES; STABILITY; DEPOSITS; AUSTRIA; ORIGIN; ROCKS AB We have re-investigated the paragenesis and mineral compositions of the emerald occurrence at the Rist mine, Hiddenite, North Carolina, in order to provide a foundation for fluid-inclusion and isotopic studies, and to examine the possible relationship between emerald and spodumene mineralization and granitic pegmatites. Beryl and chromian spodumene occur entirely within quartz veins and in open cavities that occupy brittle tensional fractures in folded metamorphic rocks. Examination of cavities reveals four assemblages characterized by a specific group of minerals; characteristic minerals in the four assemblages are calcite, arnethystine quartz, spoduniene and emerald. The early stage of vein devz lopinent is characterized by the crystallization of massive quartz and followed largely by the precipitation of Ca-Fe-Mg carbonates. The occurrence of Be-, Li-, Ti-, and B-bearing minerals coupled with local contamination by Cr and V is largely penz contemporaneous with the formation of cavities. Late precipitation of pyrite, chabazite-Ca and graphite Suggests that low temperatures and reducing conditions were prevalent during the waning stages of mineral precipitation. The presence of cogenetic high- and low-X(CO2) fluid inclusions in quartz indicates that an aqueous carbonic fluid reached a state of immiscibility during vein formation. No relationship with granitic pegmatite was observed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. RP Wise, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wisem@si.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 BP 1529 EP 1541 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.44.6.1529 PN 6 PG 13 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 135PL UT WOS:000244165400017 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Chamorro-Lacayo, ML AF Konstantinov, Alexander S. Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria Lourdes TI A new genus of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) from the Dominican Republic. SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEW-WORLD; CERAMBYCIDAE; PRIONINAE AB Kiskeya new genus and two new species (K. baorucae and K. neiboe), from the Dominican Republic are described and illustrated. Kiskeya is compared to Monotalla Bechyne, Normaltica Konstantinov, and Clavicornaltica Scherer. Geographic ranges in which Greater Antillean endemics have closest relatives in the Old World are discussed. C1 USDA, ARS, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab,Natl Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab,Natl Museum, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov; cham0138@umn.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 60 IS 4 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2006)60[275:ANGOMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125VM UT WOS:000243471300001 ER PT J AU Kursar, TA Wolfe, BT Epps, MJ Coley, PD AF Kursar, Thomas A. Wolfe, Brett T. Epps, Mary Jane Coley, Phyllis D. TI Food quality, competition, and parasitism influence feeding preference in a neotropical Lepidopteran SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; electivity; gelechiid; herbivore growth; Inga; leaf expansion; lea. ng phenology; Lepidoptera; Panama; parasitism; plant quality ID HIGH-MORTALITY HYPOTHESIS; HOST-PLANT-SELECTION; RICAN DRY FOREST; ENEMY-FREE SPACE; YOUNG LEAVES; RAIN-FOREST; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; NATURAL ENEMIES; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PHENOLOGICAL WINDOW AB We surveyed Lepidoptera found on 11 species of Inga ( Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) co-existing on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, to evaluate factors influencing diet choice. Of the 47 species of caterpillars ( 747 individuals) recorded, each fed on a distinct set of Inga. In the field, 96% of the individuals were found on young leaves. Growth rates of caterpillars that were fed leaves in the laboratory were 60% higher on young leaves compared to mature leaves. When caterpillars were fed leaves of nonhost Inga, they grew more slowly. These data provide support for a link between preference and performance. However, among hosts on which larvae normally occurred, faster growth rates were not associated with greater host electivity ( the proportion of larvae found on each host species in the field, corrected for host abundance). Growth rates on normal hosts were positively correlated with leaf expansion rates of the host, and fast expansion was associated with leaves with higher nutritional content. Detailed studies on a gelechiid leaf roller, the species with the largest diet breadth, allowed us to assess the importance of factors other than growth that could influence diet electivity. This species showed a 1.7-fold difference in growth rate among Inga hosts and faster growth on species with fast-expanding leaves. However, there was no correlation between caterpillar growth rate and abundance on different host species. Instead, abundance of the gelechiid on each Inga species was significantly correlated with the temporal predictability of food ( synchrony of leaf flushing) and was negatively correlated with competition ( amount of leaf area removed by species other than the gelechiid). Although rates of parasitism were high (23-43%), there were no differences among hosts. Parasitism was also not related to measures of escape, such as growth rates of caterpillars, leaf expansion rates, and synchrony of leaf production. Together, food availability, parasitism, and competition explained 84% of the variation in host preference by the gelechiid. We suggest that these ecological interactions may be particularly important in determining diet choice initially and that preferences may be reinforced by subsequent divergence in host chemistry and/or the herbivore's ability to tolerate the secondary metabolites. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kursar, TA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM kursar@biology.utah.edu NR 81 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 3058 EP 3069 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3058:FQCAPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120OL UT WOS:000243094300014 PM 17249231 ER PT J AU Hamilton, S AF Hamilton, Shane TI Trucking country: Food politics and the transformation of rural life in postwar America SO ENTERPRISE & SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dibner Inst Hist Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Miller Ctr Publ Affaris, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hamilton, S (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dibner Inst Hist Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, 306 LeConte Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shamilto@uga.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1467-2227 J9 ENTERP SOC JI Enterp. Soc PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1093/es/khl041 PG 9 WC Business; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 108WM UT WOS:000242269900002 ER PT J AU Allendorf, T Swe, KK Oo, T Htut, Y Aung, M Aung, M Allendorf, K Hayek, LA Leimgrubek, P Wemmer, C AF Allendorf, Teri Swe, Khaing Khaing Oo, Thida Htut, Ye Aung, Myint Aung, Myint Allendorf, Keera Hayek, Lee-Ann Leimgrubek, Peter Wemmer, Chris TI Community attitudes toward three protected areas in Upper Myanmar (Burma) SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE attitude; Burma; conservation; management; Myanmar; park-people; protected areas ID NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION ATTITUDES; LOCAL PEOPLE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; SOUTH-AFRICA; RESOURCE USE; WILDLIFE; PERCEPTIONS; TANZANIA; RESERVE AB An effective protected area system is essential for the long-term conservation of Myanmar's biodiversity. This study examined the attitudes of 2915 residents in 97 communities around three protected areas (PAs) in upper Myanmar: Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park in the western mountains, Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary in the hills bordering the Chindwin and Uru rivers, and Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary in the central dry zone. Logistic regression indicated a positive attitude toward the PAs was most highly correlated with a perception of conservation benefits and benefits resulting from management of the areas. Attitude was also significantly correlated with a perception of extraction benefits, conflicts with PA staff and crop damage by wildlife. Socioeconomic variables were less powerful than perceptions in predicting attitude and, unlike perceptions, their effects varied among the areas. The much greater effect of perceptions, especially positive ones, on people's attitudes indicates that understanding perceptions is important to improving the relationship between local residents and these PAs. This finding underscores the fact that a focus on conflicts to understand people's attitudes toward PAs may undervalue or miss critical positive perceptions that people hold. Understanding local residents' perceptions of PAs makes possible the creation of strategic, place-based management strategies that build on people's positive perceptions and mitigate their negative perceptions. C1 Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing Div, Kanbalu, Myanmar. State High Sch, Sagaing Div, Kanbalu, Myanmar. Alaungdaw Kathapa Natl Pk, Sagaing Div, Yinmabin, Myanmar. Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing Div, Htamanthi, Myanmar. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Allendorf, T (reprint author), 110 Elm St, Mazomanie, WI 53560 USA. EM teriallendorf@yahoo.com RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015; OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153; Allendorf, Keera/0000-0002-4346-6121 NR 51 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 34 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1017/S0376892906003389 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143ML UT WOS:000244726100007 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Li, S McShea, WJ Li, MF AF Wang Dajun Li Sheng McShea, William J. Li, Ming Fu TI Use of remote-trip cameras for wildlife surveys and evaluating the effectiveness of conservation activities at a nature reserve in Sichuan province, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE monitoring; China; mammals; remote-trip cameras; protected areas management; patrolling ID PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT; ECOREGIONAL-SCALE; TRIGGERED CAMERAS; BIODIVERSITY; DENSITIES; ABUNDANCE; MAMMALS; COUNTS; SYSTEM AB Monitoring the effectiveness of management activities within reserves is always a complicated task. When the focus of management activities is mammals, it is difficult to monitor their populations in a way that is rapid, effective, and inexpensive. We report on a mammal survey of a reserve in southwest China using remote-trip cameras. We surveyed 329 locations over 2 field seasons in 2002 and 2003. Sixteen species of mammals were detected with these cameras, with four species documented for the first time. After accounting for variation due to slope, aspect, elevation, and habitat type, the distribution of six species was positively associated with the location of conservation stations and/or patrolling routes. Species of medium-sized mammals are excellent candidates for monitoring programs based on these cameras, due to their relative abundance, sufficient size to be detected by the camera units, and sensitivity to human activity. The distribution of mammals relative to management efforts is a relatively rapid means to assess reserve effectiveness. The repeat use of the cameras as part of a monitoring plan should provide a quantifiable measure of reserve effectiveness. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zoo, Front Royal, VA 22611 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Joint Forest Ecol Program, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22611 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP McShea, WJ (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zoo, Front Royal, VA 22611 USA. EM mcsheaw@si.edu NR 46 TC 8 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 942 EP 951 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0302-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107BW UT WOS:000242146700006 ER PT J AU Hickerson, MJ Stahl, EA Lessios, HA AF Hickerson, Michael J. Stahl, Eli A. Lessios, H. A. TI Test for simultaneous divergence using approximate Bayesian computation SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE approximate Bayesian computation; coalescent; comparative phylogeography; echinoid; hierarchical model; meta-analysis; vicariance ID COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR CLOCK; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-VARIATION; SEA-URCHINS; SPECIATION; HISTORY; MODELS; EVOLUTION AB Comparative phylogeographic Studies often reveal disparate levels of sequence divergence between lineages spanning a common geographic barrier, leading to the conclusion that isolation was nonsynchronous. However, only rarely do researchers account for the expected variance associated with ancestral coalescence and among-taxon variation in demographic history. We introduce a flexible approximate Bayesian computational (ABC) framework that can test for simultaneous divergence (TSD) using a hierarchical model that incorporates idiosyncratic differences in demographic history across taxon pairs. The method is tested across a range of conditions and is shown to be accurate even with single-focus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data. We apply this method to a landmark dataset of putative simultaneous vicariance, eight geminate echinoid taxon pairs thought to have been split by the Isthmus of Panama 3.1 million years ago. The ABC posterior estimates are not consistent with a history of simultaneous vicariance given these data. Subsequent ABC estimates under a constrained model that assumes two divergence times across the eight taxon pairs suggests simultaneous divergence 3.1 million years ago in seven of the taxon pairs and a more recent divergence in the remaining taxon pair. These ABC estimates on the simultaneous divergence of the seven taxon pairs correspond to a DNA Substitution rate of approximately 1.59% per lineage per million years at the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I gene. This ABC framework can easily be modified to analyze single taxon-pair datasets and/or be expanded to include multiple loci, migration, recombination, and other idiosyncratic demographic histories. The flexible aspect of ABC and its built-in evaluation of estimator bias and statistical power has the potential to greatly enhance statistical rigor in phylogeographic Studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. RP Hickerson, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mhickerson@ucdavis.edu; estahl@umassd.edu; Lessiosh@stri.org NR 67 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 26 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 2006 VL 60 IS 12 BP 2435 EP 2453 PG 19 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 124UB UT WOS:000243394300003 PM 17263107 ER PT J AU Anker, A Ahyong, ST Noel, PY Palmer, AR AF Anker, Arthur Ahyong, Shane T. Noel, Pierre Y. Palmer, A. Richard TI Morphological phylogeny of alpheid shrimps: Parallel preadaptation and the origin of a key morphological innovation, the snapping claw SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Alpheidae; adaptive radiation; character evolution; Crustacea; Decapoda; novelty; parallel evolution ID SYNALPHEUS-REGALIS; SPECIES CRUSTACEA; GENUS ALPHEUS; DECAPODA; CARIDEA; EVOLUTION; ATHANAS; BEHAVIOR; PANAMA; CALIFORNIENSIS AB The Alpheidae-possibly the most diverse family of recent decapod crustaceans-offers attractive opportunities to study the evolution of many intriguing phenomena, including key morphological innovations like spectacular snapping claws, highly specialized body forms, facultative and obligate symbioses with many animal groups, and sophisticated behaviors like eusociality. However, Studies of these remarkable adaptations remain hampered by insufficient phylogenetic information. We present the first phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among 36 extant genera of alpheid shrimps, based on a cladistic analysis of 122 morphological characters from 56 species, and we use this hypothesis to explore evolutionary trends in morphology and species diversity. Our results Strongly supported a monophyletic Alpheidae that included two hitherto difficult-to-place genera (Yagerocaris and Pterocaris). Of 35+ nodes among genera, all were supported by at least one morphological character (24 were supported by two or more) and 17 received greater than 50% jackknife Support. Unfortunately, many basal nodes were only weakly supported. Six genera appeared nonmonophyletic, including the dominant genus Alpheus (paraphyletic due to inclusion of one clade with three minor genera). Evolutionary trends in alpheid claw form shed some revealing light on how key innovations evolve. First, several functionally significant features of the cheliped (claw bearing leg) evolved independently multiple times, including: asymmetry, folding, inverted orientation, sexual dimorphism, adhesive plaques that enhance claw cocking, and tooth-cavity systems on opposing claw fingers, a preadaptation for snapping. Many conspicuous features of alpheid claw form therefore appear prone to parallel evolution. Second, although tooth-cavity systems evolved multiple times, a functional snapping claw, which likely facilitated,in explosive radiation of over 550 species, evolved only once (in Synalpheus + [Alpheus + satellite genera]). Third, adhesive plaques (claw cocking aids) also evolved multiple times, and within snapping alpheids are associated with the most diverse clade (Alpheus + derivative genera). This pattern of parallel preadaptation-multiple independent evolutionary origins of precursors (preadaptations) to what ultimately became a key innovation (adaptation)-suggests alpheid shrimp claws are predisposed to develop features like tooth-cavity and adhesive plaque systems for functional or developmental reasons. Such functional/developmental predisposition may facilitate the origin of key innovations. Finally, moderate orbital hoods-anterior projections of the carapace partly or completely covering the eyes-occur in many higher Alpheidae and likely evolved before snapping claws. They are unique among decapod crustaceans, and their elaboration in snapping alpheids suggests they may protect the eyes from the stress of explosive snaps. Thus one key innovation (orbital hoods) may have facilitated evolution of a second (snapping claws). C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Sci Biol, Systemat & Evolut Grp, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Australian Museum, Dept Marine Invertebrates, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Natl Museum Nat Hist, UPMC, CNRS, UMR,BOME 8044, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843, Balboa 03092, Ancon, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu; s.ahyong@niwa.co.nz; pnoel@mnhn.fr; rich.palmer@ualberta.ca RI Palmer, A. Richard/A-3593-2010; OI Palmer, A. Richard/0000-0002-7579-3899; Ahyong, Shane/0000-0002-2820-4158 NR 108 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 2006 VL 60 IS 12 BP 2507 EP 2528 DI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01886.x PG 22 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 124UB UT WOS:000243394300009 PM 17263113 ER PT J AU Turner, BL AF Turner, Benjamin L. TI Organic phosphorus in Madagascan rice soils SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Madagascar; organic phosphorus; Oxisol; rice; soil; solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; system of rice intensification ID P-31 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; HUMIC-ACID FRACTIONS; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; LOWLAND RICE; INTENSIFICATION SRI; TROPICAL SOILS; SEDIMENTS; SOLUBILIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE AB As a first step towards assessing the contribution of organic phosphorus to rice nutrition, the chemical nature of phosphorus in a range of Madagascan rice soils was determined by NaOH-EDTA extraction and solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A considerable proportion of the extractable phosphorus occurred in organic forms (19-44%), mostly as phosphate monoesters, with smaller concentrations of DNA. Inositol phosphates were detected in less than half of the soils, despite their perceived abundance, while phosphate monoesters in the remaining soils consisted of the alkaline hydrolysis products of RNA and phospholipids. Organic phosphorus concentrations were greater in soils rich in organic matter, but there were no apparent differences between soils under conventional flooded rice cultivation and the system of rice intensification. Additional experiments are now required to assess the role of organic phosphorus in the nutrition of rice growing under a range of management and soil conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM turnerbl@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.03.043 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 116XQ UT WOS:000242837500024 ER PT J AU Gahn, FJ Baumiller, TK AF Gahn, Forest J. Baumiller, Tomasz K. TI Using platyceratid gastropod behaviour to test functional morphology SO HISTORICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biotic interactions; escalation; functional morphology; crinoids; Mississippian; platyceratids ID CAMERATE CRINOIDS; PREDATION AB During the Mississippian (Tournaisian), numerous crinoid genera of the subclass Camerata evolved exaggerated anal tubes, cylindrical extensions of the tegmen with the anus at the distal end. Additionally, camerates exhibit higher frequency of platyceratid gastropod infestation than any other crinoid clade leading some researchers to speculate that anal tubes evolved in response to platyceratid parasitism. To test the infestation avoidance role of anal tubes, platyceratid distribution was analyzed among 636 tubed and 675 tubeless crinoids from Mississippian strata in North America. Results demonstrate significantly higher infestation frequency in tubeless crinoids. Rather than attach to the anal vent, as is typical for platyceratids, the gastropods that infested tubed crinoids are always found at the tube base and acquired nutrients from their hosts via drilling. It is likely that infesting tubeless crinoids was a more cost effective trophic strategy than drilling tubed crinoids. C1 [Gahn, Forest J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Baumiller, Tomasz K.] Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gahn, FJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gahnf@si.edu; tomaszb@umich.edu FU American Chemical Society [ACS-PRF 37737-AC] FX We thank the faculty and staff from the University of Michigan and Smithsonian Institution for their support and use of resources toward the completion of this study. W.I. Ausich and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments. This work was supported by a grant from the American Chemical Society (ACS-PRF 37737-AC). NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0891-2963 EI 1029-2381 J9 HIST BIOL JI Hist. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1080/08912960600668524 PG 8 WC Biology; Paleontology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Paleontology GA 239HR UT WOS:000326013700003 ER PT J AU Bernasconi, MP Melis, R Stanley, JD AF Bernasconi, Maria Pia Melis, Romana Stanley, Jean-Daniel TI Benthic biofacies to interpret Holocene environmental changes and human impact in Alexandria's Eastern Harbour, Egypt SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE confinement factor; foraminifera; Holocene; human impact; molluscs; sediment cores; Alexandria; Egypt ID NILE DELTA; LATE QUATERNARY; DEPOSITIONAL PATTERNS; MOLLUSCAN BIOFACIES; CAESAREA MARITIMA; ADRIATIC SEA; FORAMINIFERA; EVOLUTION; ISRAEL; SHELF AB Holocene molluscan and foraminiferal faunas, sensitive ecological markers, are statistically treated to define their temporal and spatial distributions in radiocarbon-dated cores in Alexandria's Eastern Harbour. Up-core variations of these benthic biofacies record the evolution of depositional environments during the past 8000 years in this long-occupied Eastern Mediterranean port. The most important change occurred in the mid-Holocene between similar to 6300 and similar to 4300 yr ago, a time of lower sea level and minimal human activity. This faunal change, indicating a transition from a somewhat protected to a more open and higher-energy marine environment, resulted primarily from rise of sea level, lowering of the harbour floor and diminished shielding by Pleistocene coastal ridges and reefs near the bay mouth and within the harbour. Since that time, faunal assemblages have remained generally constant, except during the period from similar to 2100 to similar to 1800 yr ago when Greeks and Romans built the Heptastadion that connected Alexandria to Pharos Island; this construction effectively separated the Eastern from the Western Harbour. Absence of a well-marked faunal change during the past 18 centuries is unexpected, particularly in light of the much-increased population and associated human effects. The harbour's overall large size, rise in relative sea level and continued exchange of marine water between the open shelf and port have maintained an active circulation pattern. The strong current regime and reworking of bottom sediments have generally masked short-term human effects and altered the harbour's late-Holocene sediment stratigraphy. These factors help explain why benthic biofacies primarily record influences of natural processes that prevailed in this relatively unconfined, high-energy marine setting rather than those of a more constricted and anthropogenically impacted port. C1 Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Geol Ambientali & Marine, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Geoarchaeol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bernasconi, MP (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy. EM bernasconi@unical.it NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1163 EP 1176 DI 10.1177/0959683606069423 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 127WP UT WOS:000243617300012 ER PT J AU Jones, RL Gladman, B Petit, JM Rousselot, P Mousis, O Kavelaars, JJ Bagatin, AC Bernabeu, G Benavidez, P Parker, JW Nicholson, P Holman, M Grav, T Doressoundiram, A Veillet, C Scholl, H Mars, G AF Jones, R. L. Gladman, B. Petit, J-M Rousselot, P. Mousis, O. Kavelaars, J. J. Bagatin, A. Campo Bernabeu, G. Benavidez, P. Parker, J. Wm. Nicholson, P. Holman, M. Grav, T. Doressoundiram, A. Veillet, C. Scholl, H. Mars, G. TI The CFEPS Kuiper Belt Survey: Strategy and presurvey results SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE trans-neptunian objects; Kuiper belt objects ID PLANETARY MIGRATION; PLANETESIMAL DISK; SOLAR-SYSTEM; 30 AU; NEPTUNE; OBJECTS; ORIGIN; ACCRETION; BODIES; ORBIT AB We present the data acquisition strategy and characterization procedures for the Canada-France Ecliptic Plane Survey (CFEPS), a sub-component of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey. The survey began in early 2003 and as of summer 2005 has covered 430 square degrees of sky within a few degrees of the ecliptic. Moving objects beyond the orbit of Uranus are detected to a magnitude limit of m (R) = 23-24 (depending on the image quality). To track as large a sample as possible and avoid introducing followup bias, we have developed a multi-epoch observing strategy that is spread over several years. We present the evolution of the uncertainties in ephemeris position and orbital elements of a small 10-object sample of objects tracked through these epochs as part of a preliminary presurvey starting a year before the main CFEPS project. We describe the CFEPS survey simulator, to be released in 2006, which allows theoretical models of the Kuiper belt to be compared with the survey discoveries. The simulator utilizes the well-documented pointing history of CFEPS, with characterized detection efficiencies as a function of magnitude and rate of motion on the sky. Using the presurvey objects we illustrate the usage of the simulator in modeling the classical Kuiper belt. The primary purpose of this paper is to allow a user to immediately exploit the CFEPS data set and releases as they become available in the coming months. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Ingn Sistemas & Teor Senal, EPSA, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice 4, France. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM ljones@astro.washington.edu RI Bernabeu, Guillermo/L-4703-2014; Campo Bagatin, Adriano/L-2809-2014 OI Bernabeu, Guillermo/0000-0001-5695-0900; Campo Bagatin, Adriano/0000-0001-9840-2216 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2006 VL 185 IS 2 BP 508 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.024 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125MP UT WOS:000243446300016 ER PT J AU Bishop, CD Erezyilmaz, DF Flatt, T Georgiou, CD Hadfield, MG Heyland, A Hodin, J Jacobs, MW Maslakova, SA Pires, A Reitzel, AM Santagata, S Tanaka, K Youson, JH AF Bishop, C. D. Erezyilmaz, D. F. Flatt, T. Georgiou, C. D. Hadfield, M. G. Heyland, A. Hodin, J. Jacobs, M. W. Maslakova, S. A. Pires, A. Reitzel, A. M. Santagata, S. Tanaka, K. Youson, J. H. TI What is metamorphosis? SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL AB Metamorphosis (Gr. meta- "change" + morphe "form") as a biological process is generally attributed to a subset of animals: most famously insects and amphibians, but some fish and many marine invertebrates as well. We held a symposium at the 2006 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB) annual meeting in Orlando, FL (USA) to discuss metamorphosis in a comparative context. Specifically, we considered the possibility that the term "metamorphosis" could be rightly applied to non-animals as well, including fungi, flowering plants, and some marine algae. Clearly, the answer depends upon how metamorphosis is defined. As we participants differed (sometimes quite substantially) in how we defined the term, we decided to present each of our conceptions of metamorphosis in I place, rather than attempting to agree on a single consensus definition. Herein we have gathered together our various definitions of metamorphosis, and offer an analysis that highlights some of the main similarities and differences among them. We present this article not only as an introduction to this symposium volume, but also as a reference tool that can be used by others interested in metamorphosis. Ultimately, we hope that this article-and the volume as a whole-will represent a springboard for further investigations into the surprisingly deep mechanistic similarities among independently evolved life cycle transitions across kingdoms. C1 Univ Hawaii, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Patras, Greece. Univ Florida, Whitney Lab, St Augustine, FL 32086 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Dickinson Coll, Dept Biol, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Bishop, CD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM seastar@stanford.edu RI Flatt, Thomas/A-7384-2009; Georgiou, Christos/B-8354-2013; OI Georgiou, Christos/0000-0001-9707-0109; Tanaka, Kohtaro/0000-0001-5137-3534; Heyland, Andreas/0000-0002-7592-4473 NR 0 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1093/icb/icl004 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 111HP UT WOS:000242442300001 PM 21672776 ER PT J AU Andrell, RM Ly, S Hagedorn, M Carter, VL Yancey, PH AF Andrell, R. M. Ly, S. Hagedorn, M. Carter, V. L. Yancey, P. H. TI Glycine betaine as the major osmolyte in larva and adult Fungia scutaria coral SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Park, Washington, DC USA. Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. EM yancey@whitman.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E165 EP E165 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100656 ER PT J AU Armgardt, ET Strong, EE AF Armgardt, Emily T. Strong, Ellen E. TI Ontogenetic changes in shell microstructure of freshwater gastropods from Lake Tanganyika (Cerithioidea, Paludomidae) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Seattle Univ, Smithsonian Inst, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM amrmgardt@seattleu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E166 EP E166 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100660 ER PT J AU Christy, JH Dennenmoser, S AF Christy, J. H. Dennenmoser, S. TI Fiddler crab claws are both beautiful and powerful weapons: a paradox resolved SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM christyj@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E25 EP E25 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100100 ER PT J AU Collin, R Weigt, L Driskell, A Rocha, R Miglietta, MP Thacker, RW AF Collin, R. Weigt, L. Driskell, A. Rocha, R. Miglietta, M-P Thacker, R. W. TI All bocas barcoding alliance, part 1: DNA barcoding of the marine organisms of Bocas del Toro, Panama. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Fed Parana, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA. EM thacker@uab.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E181 EP E181 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100721 ER PT J AU Collin, R AF Collin, R. TI All eggs are not created equal: Inter- and intra-population variation in gastropod egg size SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Collin, R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM collinr@si.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E181 EP E181 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100719 ER PT J AU Hall, MI Heesy, CP Carrano, MT AF Hall, M. I. Heesy, C. P. Carrano, M. T. TI Inferring binocular visual field overlap in non-avian dinosaurs based on an extant avian scaling model SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Midwestern Univ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM margaretihall@yahoo.com RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E201 EP E201 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100801 ER PT J AU Kim, TW Christy, JH Choe, JC AF Kim, T. W. Christy, J. H. Choe, J. C. TI The attractiveness of courtship signals increases with predation risk SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Seoul 120750, South Korea. EM ocean74@snu.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E74 EP E74 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100297 ER PT J AU Ritson-Williams, R Paul, VJ AF Ritson-Williams, R. Paul, V. J. TI Multimodal cues for Defense in aposematic nudibranchs (Opisthobranchia : phyllidiidae) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM williams@sms.si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E241 EP E241 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100960 ER PT J AU Ritson-Williams, R Paul, VJ AF Ritson-Williams, R. Paul, V. J. TI Larval metamorphosis of phestilla spp. in response to water soluble cues SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM williams@sms.si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E118 EP E118 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100472 ER PT J AU Santos, C Roe, P Sadeghian, P Sun, S Norenburg, JL AF Santos, C. Roe, P. Sadeghian, P. Sun, S. Norenburg, J. L. TI Phylogeny and co-evolution in Carcinonemertidae (Nemertea), ecto-symbiotic egg-predators on decapod crustaceans. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Nat Museum Nat Hist, Washington 266003, DC USA. Calif State Univ Turlock, Turlock, CA USA. Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Ocean Univ China, Qingdao, Peoples R China. EM norenburgj@si.edu RI Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E124 EP E124 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100497 ER PT J AU Thacker, RW Collin, R Diaz, CM Lambert, G Rocha, R Lambert, C AF Thacker, R. W. Collin, R. Diaz, C. M. Lambert, G. Rocha, R. Lambert, C. TI Training in tropical taxonomy: Training for new investigators in the field and laboratory SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Fed Parana, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM collinr@si.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E256 EP E256 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970101021 ER PT J AU Souza, B Roubik, D Barth, O Heard, T Enriquez, E Carvalho, C Villas-Boas, J Marchini, L Locatelli, J Persano-Oddo, L Almeida-Muradian, L Bogdanov, S Vit, P AF Souza, Bruno Roubik, David Barth, Ortrud Heard, Tim Enriquez, Eunice Carvalho, Carlos Villas-Boas, Jeronimo Marchini, Luis Locatelli, Jean Persano-Oddo, Livia Almeida-Muradian, Ligia Bogdanov, Stefan Vit, Patricia TI Composition of stingless bee honey: Setting quality standards SO INTERCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE honey; pollen analysis; quality criteria; stingless bee honey ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; POLLEN ANALYSIS; APIDAE; MELIPONINAE; HYMENOPTERA; VENEZUELA AB Compositional data from 152 stingless bee (Meliponini) honey samples were compiled from studies since 1964, and evaluated to propose a quality standard for this product. Since stingless bee honey has a different composition than Apis mellifera honey, some physicochemical parameters are presented according to stingless bee species. The entomological origin of the honey was known for 17 species of Meliponini from Brazil, one from Costa Rica, six from Mexico, 27 from Panama, one from Surinam, two from Trinidad & Tobago, and seven from Venezuela, most from the genus Melipona. The results varied as follows: moisture (19.9-41.9g/100g), pH (3.15-4.66), free acidity (5.9-109.Omeq/ Kg), ash (0.01-1.18g/100g), diastase activity (0.9-23.ODN), electrical conductivity (0.49-8.77mS/cm), HMF (0.4-78.4mg/Kg), invertase activity (19.8-90.1IU), nitrogen (14.34-144.00mg/100g), reducing sugars (58.0-75.7g/100g) and sucrose (1.1-4.8g/100g). Moisture content of stingless bee honey is generally higher than the 20% maximum established for A. mellifera honey. Guidelines for further contributions would help make the physicochemical database of meliponine honey more objective, in order to use such data to set quality standards. Pollen analysis should be directed towards the recognition of unifloral honeys produced by stingless bees, in order to obtain standard products from botanical species. A honey quality control campaign directed to both stingless beekeepers and stingless bee honey hunters is needed, as is harmonization of analytical methods. C1 USP, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. RP Souza, B (reprint author), USP, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM basouza@gmail.com; roubikd@si.edu; barth@ioc.fiocruz.br; Tim.Heard@csiro.au; eu_enriquez@yahoo.com.mx; calfredo@ufba.br; jeronimo@rc.unesp.br; lcmarchi@esalq.usp.br; jeanlooc@hotmail.com; livia.persano@apicoltura.org; ligiabi@usp.br; Bogdanov@alp.admin.ch; vit@ula.ve RI Heard, Tim/B-1125-2008; Almeida-Muradian, Ligia /C-8396-2012; Souza, Bruno/L-4163-2016 OI Heard, Tim/0000-0003-4975-7314; Souza, Bruno/0000-0003-3692-3993 NR 66 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 20 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 12 BP 867 EP 875 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122FN UT WOS:000243211200006 ER PT J AU Faith, JT Behrensmeyer, AK AF Faith, J. Tyler Behrensmeyer, Anna K. TI Changing patterns of carnivore modification in a landscape bone assemblage, Amboseli Park, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE taphonomy; carnivore modification; carnivore competition; bone mineral density; hominin transport; Amboseli ID PLEISTOCENE HOMINIDS; OLDUVAI-GORGE; LAND-USE; DESTRUCTION; VARIABILITY; DISARTICULATION; REPRESENTATION; PERSPECTIVES; TANZANIA; BEHAVIOR AB This study compares the landscape-scale taphonomic signal of carnivore modification to the surficial bone assemblage in Amboseli Park, Kenya as it was in 1975 and 2002-2004. Change in predator abundances over time provides a means of assessing the taphonomic signal of carnivore-mediated bone consumption and destruction under differing ecological conditions and varying levels of conspecific competition for resources. The landscape assemblage indicates taxonomic variation in the patterning of carnivore modification to ungulates of different size classes as well as within equivalent size classes. Analyses of long bone elements indicate that the differential destruction of limb ends and the strength of the correlation between limb end abundance and bone mineral density provide an indication of the intensity of carnivore modification to a faunal assemblage. The ability to infer levels of carnivore modification based on limb elements can provide faunal analysts with the tools to determine whether the taphonomic signals in the fossil record relate to carnivore modification, hominin transport of appendicular elements, or both. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hominid Paleobiol Dr Program, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol Evolut, Terr Ecosyst Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Faith, JT (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hominid Paleobiol Dr Program, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM tfaith@gwu.edu RI Faith, Tyler/F-3450-2011; Faith, J. Tyler/E-7146-2015 NR 52 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1718 EP 1733 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.004 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 103YQ UT WOS:000241923500008 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI Fossil evidence of the Rufous Crab-Hawk (Buteogallus aequinoctialis) in Jamaica SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Buteogallus aequinoctialis; Rufous Crab-Hawk; Buteogallus anthracinus; Common Black-Hawk; competition; fossil birds; Holocene; West Indies ID RED-SHOULDERED HAWK C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 284 EP 287 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[284:FEOTRC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 134ZN UT WOS:000244123500005 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Description of subgenus Pardomyia theobald and comparison with the nominotypical subgenus of Mucidus theobald (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE Mucidus; mosquito; Pardomyia; Mu. aurantius aurantius; Mu. aurantius chrysogaster; Mu. painei; Mu. quadripunctis ID ROSS RIVER VIRUS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; WEST-AFRICAN SAVANNA; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; MURRAY VALLEY; TRIBE AEDINI; ARBOVIRUS EPIDEMIOLOGY; RELICTUAL FOREST; NORTH QUEENSLAND; MAROOCHY SHIRE AB Pardomyia is validated as a subgenus of Mucidus and primary characters are given to separate it from the nominotypical subgenus. All life stages of the subgenus are described. The subgenus occurs in the Oriental and Australasian Regions and includes Mu. aurantius aurantius, Mu. aurantius chrysogaster, Mu. painei, and Mu. quadripunctis. A "previous usage" section is provided for tracking the published generic-level history of the 14 species, one with subspecies, currently included in Mucidus. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Washington, DC USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 325 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 586 EP 600 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[586:DOSPTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125LY UT WOS:000243444600003 PM 17304923 ER PT J AU Bilby, K AF Bilby, Kenneth TI Language and rituals of Palo Monte mayombe: Cuban dioceses and their African sources. SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bilby, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-0987 J9 J ROY ANTHROPOL INST JI J. R. Anthropol. Inst. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 979 EP 980 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9655.2006.00372_21.x PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 100OE UT WOS:000241677600032 ER PT J AU Turvey, ST Grady, FV Rye, P AF Turvey, S. T. Grady, F. V. Rye, P. TI A new genus and species of 'giant hutia' (Tainotherium valei) from the Quaternary of Puerto Rico: an extinct arboreal quadruped? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tainotherium; rodent; arboreal; extinct; Puerto Rico ID STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS; CAVIOMORPH RODENTS; LAND MAMMALS; ZOOGEOGRAPHY; PLEISTOCENE; WISCONSINAN; VERTEBRATES; CONTINENTS; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS AB A large incomplete rodent femur from a Quaternary cave deposit near Barahona, Puerto Rico, is established as the holotype of Tainotherium valei, a new extinct genus and species. Although biogeographic and body size similarities suggest that it may be related to the Puerto Rican giant hutia Elasmodontomys, the Antillean large-bodied rodent family Heptaxodontidae is now interpreted as invalid, and it is impossible to assign Tainotherium to a particular caviomorph family in the absence of associated craniodental material. Tainotherium differs from other West Indian species in possessing a large femoral head, a proximally angled femoral neck, a short greater trochanter and a medially positioned lesser trochanter unconnected by an intertrochanteric crest, and a transversely flattened, anteroposteriorly bowed shaft lacking well-defined ridges. These characters are all associated with arboreal life habits in other mammal groups. The Puerto Rican land mammal fauna was dominated by a rodent radiation occupying a wide variety of niches before human arrival in the West Indies, but although arboreality is correlated with increased likelihood of survival in Quaternary mammalian extinction events, all of this fauna is now extinct. It is unlikely that decreasing aridity and the reduction of Puerto Rican savanna-type environments at the end of the Pleistocene contributed to the extinction of the arboreal Tainotherium, and habitat destruction by pre-Columbian Amerindians may instead have been responsible. C1 Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Turvey, ST (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 270 IS 4 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00170.x PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 105FV UT WOS:000242016700005 ER PT J AU Tsujimori, T Sisson, VB Liou, JG Harlow, GE Sorensen, SS AF Tsujimori, Tatsuki Sisson, Virginia B. Liou, Juhn G. Harlow, George E. Sorensen, Sorena S. TI Very-low-temperature record of the subduction process: A review of worldwide lawsonite eclogites SO LITHOS LA English DT Review DE cold subduction; HP-UHP metamorphism; lawsonite; eclogite; P-T trajectory ID MOTAGUA FAULT ZONE; NORTHERN NEW-CALEDONIA; NE NEW-CALEDONIA; HIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM; BLUESCHIST-FACIES; SEWARD PENINSULA; HYDROUS PHASES; CAZADERO AREA; OCEANIC-CRUST; PAM PENINSULA AB Lawsonite eclogites preserve a record of very-low-temperature conditions in subduction zones. All occur at active margin settings, typically characterized by accretionary complexes lithologies and as tectonic blocks within serpentinite-matrix melange. Peak lawsonite-eclogite facies mineral assemblages (gamet+omphacite+lawsonite+rutile) typically occur in prograde-zoned garnet porphyroblasts. Their matrix is commonly overprinted by higher-temperature epidote-bearing assemblages; greenschist- or amphibolite-facies conditions erase former lawsonite-eclogite relics. Various pseudomorphs after lawsonite occur, particularly in some blueschist/eclogite transitional facies rocks. Coesite-bearing lawsonite-eclogite xenoliths in kimberlitic pipes and lawsonite pseudomorphs in some relatively low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure eclogites are known. Using inclusion assemblages in garnet, lawsonite eclogites can be classified into two types: L-type, such as those from Guatemala and British Columbia, contain garnet porphyroblasts that grew only within the lawsonite stability field and E-type, such as from the Dominican Republic, record maximum temperature in the epidote-stability field. Formation and preservation of lawsonite eclogites requires cold subduction to mantle depths and rapid exhumation. The earliest occurrences of lawsonite-eclogite facies mineral assemblages are Early Paleozoic in Spitsbergen and the New England fold belt of Australia; this suggests that since the Phanerozoic, secular cooling of Earth and subduction-zone thermal structures evolved the necessary high pressure/temperature conditions. Buoyancy of serpentinite and oblique convergence with a major strike-slip component may facilitate the exhumation of lawsonite eclogites from mantle depths. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Tsujimori, T (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Venture Business Lab, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. EM tatsukix@mac.com RI Tsujimori, Tatsuki/D-2677-2009 OI Tsujimori, Tatsuki/0000-0001-9202-7312 NR 133 TC 128 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 EI 1872-6143 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD DEC PY 2006 VL 92 IS 3-4 BP 609 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.054 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 119AN UT WOS:000242984700018 ER PT J AU McGee, S Piorkowski, R Ruiz, G AF McGee, Steven Piorkowski, Robert Ruiz, Gregory TI Analysis of recent vessel arrivals and ballast water discharge in Alaska: Toward assessing ship-mediated invasion risk SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ships; ballast water; biological invasions; Alaska; ballast exchange ID MARINE ORGANISMS; PATHWAY; OCEAN; PORT; SEA AB Ships are a dominant vector for biological invasions through ballast water discharge (BWD) and hull fouling. Here, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of shipping in Alaska, summarizing (a) the number, type and origin of vessel arrivals to Alaska for 2003 and 2004, (b) the spatial and temporal variation in vessel traffic, and (c) the available data on ballast water discharge in order to prioritize locations for tracking biological invasions. Most arrivals were passenger vessels, followed by ferries and fishing vessels, all of which carried little ballast water. Regional and seasonal patterns in arrivals and BWD were unevenly distributed among vessel types. The majority of vessels reporting BWD were from foreign ports, and most of this ballast was untreated. The largest volumes of ballast were from tankers at Valdez and Kenai Peninsula ports. Although Alaska has few documented invasions, opportunities for ship-mediated transfer now appear high and warrant further scrutiny. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Piorkowski, R (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, POB 115526, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. EM robert_piorkowski@fishgame.state.ak.us OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1634 EP 1645 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.06.005 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 121CY UT WOS:000243136900019 PM 16904704 ER PT J AU Foley, DH Torres, EP AF Foley, D. H. Torres, E. P. TI Population structure of an island malaria vector SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles flavirostris; island biogeography; malaria; mitochondrial DNA; population genetics; Philippines ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; ANOPHELES-FLAVIROSTRIS; STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; WEST-AFRICA; SE ASIA; HISTORY AB The impact of islands on the population structure of Anopheles flavirostris (Ludlow) (Diptera: Culicidae), the primary malaria vector in the Philippines, was assessed. A phylogenetic analysis of 16 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1) haplotypes revealed three clades: one basal clade containing genetically disparate haplotypes from Mindanao, and two derived clades, one of which was largely confined to the largest island, Luzon, and one that was widespread except for Luzon. For the Luzon clade, nested clade analysis revealed an isolation-by-distance effect, and a mismatch distribution analysis diagnosed a recent demographic expansion (sum of squared deviation, SDD = 0.0093, P = 0.075), which mirrors demographic attributes found in mainland primary malaria vectors and could inflate estimates of gene flow from F-ST. For the widespread clade, evidence of range expansion and past fragmentation and/or long distance colonization from the Visayas or Mindanao to Palawan is suggested. A south-to-north range expansion of An. flavirostris is suggested; estimates of coalescence for the Luzon clade was 214 000 years ago (ya) (95% confidence interval 35 600-298 000 ya), i.e. late Pleistocene. Present day rather than Pleistocene island association and some, but not all, sea barriers appeared to be important for An. flavirostris population structure. Our results suggest that endemic island malaria vector species need to be considered before any generalizations are made about the population structure of primary and secondary vectors. C1 Univ Queensland, Trop Hlth Program, Australian Ctr Int & Trop Hlth & Nutr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Res Inst Trop Med, Alabang, Metro Manila, Philippines. RP Foley, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, MSC MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hall Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM foleydes@si.edu OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 FU Wellcome Trust NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00647.x PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 125FW UT WOS:000243428800007 PM 17199751 ER PT J AU Reisener, RJ Goldstein, JI Petaev, MI AF Reisener, R. J. Goldstein, J. I. Petaev, M. I. TI Olivine zoning and retrograde olivine-orthopyroxene-metal equilibration in H5 and H6 chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL HISTORIES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; STONY METEORITES; SYSTEM; INTERDIFFUSION; METALLOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURES; THERMOMETRY; CHONDRULES; MINERALS AB Electron microprobe studies of several H5 and H6 chondrites reveal that olivine crystals exhibit systematic Fe-Mg zoning near olivine-metal interfaces. Olivine Fa concentrations decrease by up to 2 mol% toward zoned taenite + kamacite particles (formed after relatively small amounts of taenite undercooling) and increase by up to 2 mol% toward zoneless plessite particles (formed after similar to 200 degrees C of taenite undercooling). The olivine zoning can be understood in terms of localized olivine-orthopyroxene-metal reactions during cooling from the peak metamorphic temperature. The silicate-metal reactions were influenced by solid-state metal phase transformations, and the two types of olivine zoning profiles resulted from variable amounts of taenite undercooling at temperatures < 700 degrees C. The relevant silicate-metal reactions are modeled using chemical thermodynamics. Systematic olivine Fe-Mg zoning adjacent to metal is an expected consequence of retrograde silicate-metal reactions, and the presence of such zoning provides strong evidence that the silicate and metallic minerals evolved in situ during cooling from the peak metamorphic temperature. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reisener, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM reisener@mail.com NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1839 EP 1852 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 117GC UT WOS:000242860000001 ER PT J AU Fiestas, J Spurzem, R Kim, E AF Fiestas, J. Spurzem, R. Kim, E. TI 2D Fokker-Planck models of rotating clusters SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitation; stellar dynamics; methods : numerical; globular clusters : general ID N-BODY SIMULATIONS; ANISOTROPIC VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; POST-COLLAPSE EVOLUTION; GLOBULAR STAR-CLUSTERS; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; EQUAL-MASS SYSTEM; OMEGA-CENTAURI; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; STELLAR-SYSTEMS AB Globular clusters rotate significantly, and with the increasing amount of detailed morphological and kinematical data obtained in recent years on galactic globular clusters many interesting features show up. We show how our theoretical evolutionary models of rotating clusters can be used to obtain fits, which at least properly model the overall rotation and its implied kinematics in full 2D detail (dispersions, rotation velocities). Our simplified equal mass axisymmetric rotating model provides detailed two-dimensional kinematical and morphological data for star clusters. The degree of rotation is not dominant in energy, but also non-negligible for the phase-space distribution function, shape and kinematics of clusters. Therefore, the models are well applicable for galactic globular clusters. Since previously published papers on that matter by us made it difficult to do detailed comparisons with observations, we provide a much more comprehensive and easy-to-use set of data here, which uses as entries dynamical age and flattening of observed cluster and then offers a limited range of applicable models in full detail. The method, data structure and some exemplary comparison with observations are presented. Future work will improve modelling and data base to take a central black hole, a mass spectrum and stellar evolution into account. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Astron Rech Inst, Zentrum Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fiestas, J (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Astron Rech Inst, Zentrum Astron, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM fiestas@ari.uni-heidelberg.de; spurzem@ari.uni-heidelberg.de; ekim@head.cfa.harvard.edu NR 79 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 373 IS 2 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11036.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106PT UT WOS:000242113900019 ER PT J AU Afshordi, N AF Afshordi, Niayesh TI Intracluster medium through three years of WMAP SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fundamental Physics with Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation CY MAR 23-25, 2006 CL Arnold & Nable Beckman Ctr, Natl Acad Sci & Engn, Irvine, CA HO Arnold & Nable Beckman Ctr, Natl Acad Sci & Engn DE cosmology; cosmic microwave background; methods : data analysis; intergalactic medium ID MASS-TEMPERATURE RELATION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY; BARYONS; SAMPLE; MAPS; GAS AB Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (WMAP) has provided us with the highest resolution all-sky maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). As a result of thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, clusters of galaxies are imprinted as tiny, poorly resolved dips on top of primary CMB anisotropies in these maps. Here, I describe different efforts to extract the physics of intracluster medium (1CM) from the sea of primary CMB, through combining WMAP with low-redshift galaxy or X-ray cluster surveys. This finally culminates at a mean (universal) ICM pressure profile, which is for the first time directly constrained from WMAP 3 year maps, and leads to interesting constraints on the ICM baryonic budget. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Afshordi, N (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, MS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nafshordi@cfa.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 11-12 BP 905 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.09.022 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122PW UT WOS:000243239900012 ER PT J AU De Klerk, L Michel, AL Grobler, DG Beingis, RG Bush, M Kriek, NPJ Hofmeyr, MS Griffin, JFT Mackintosh, CG AF De Klerk, L. Michel, A. L. Grobler, D. G. Beingis, R. G. Bush, M. Kriek, N. P. J. Hofmeyr, M. S. Griffin, J. F. T. Mackintosh, C. G. TI An experimental intratonsilar infection model for bovine tuberculosis in African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer SO ONDERSTEPOORT JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE African buffalo; Bacille Calmette-Guerin; bovine tuberculosis; intratonsilar infection model; Kruger National Park; Mycobacterium bovis; Syncerus caffer ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; POSSUM TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN; GAMMA-INTERFERON TEST; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; VACCINATION; CATTLE; BCG; PROTECTION; SPARRMAN AB An infection model for Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, was developed, using the intratonsilar route of inoculation. Two groups of 11 buffaloes each, aged approximately 18 months, were infected with either 3.2 x 10(2) cfu (low dose) or 3 x 10(4) cfu (high dose) of M. bovis strain isolated from a buffalo. A control group of six buffaloes received saline via the same route. The infection status was monitored in vivo using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test, and in vitro by the modified interferon-gamma assay. All buffaloes were euthanazed 22 weeks post infection and lesion development was assessed by macroscopic examination, culture and histopathology. It was found that the high dose caused macroscopic lesions in nine out of 11 buffaloes. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from all buffaloes in the high-dose group and from six out of 11 in the low-dose group. C1 S African Natl Pk, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. ARC OVI, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Kruger Natl Pk, Off State Vet, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol, Dis Res Lab, Dunedin, New Zealand. Invermay Agr Res Ctr, Deer Res Unit, Mosgiel, New Zealand. RP De Klerk, L (reprint author), S African Natl Pk, Private Bag X402, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. OI Michel, Anita/0000-0001-9240-2653 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI ONDERSTEPOORT PA PRIVATE BAG X5, ONDERSTEPOORT 0110, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-2465 J9 ONDERSTEPOORT J VET JI Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 BP 293 EP 303 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 124HT UT WOS:000243359600008 PM 17283730 ER PT J AU Kiel, S Goedert, JL AF Kiel, Steffen Goedert, James L. TI A wood-fall association from late Eocene deep-water sediments of Washington State, USA SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID COLD-SEEP LIMESTONES; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; NEW-ZEALAND; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; BORING BIVALVES; OLIGOCENE ROCKS; SEA; MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA AB Fossil wood fragments and an associated species-rich invertebrate assemblage, analogous to those found on wood falls in the deep sea today, were found in late Eocene deep-water sediments of the Lincoln Creek Formation in Washington State, United States. This assemblage is the earliest known complex deep-sea biologic community based on decaying wood as its primary source of nutrients. The 495 recovered fossils (exclusive of foraminiferans) belong to 21 species; 7 species relied directly on the wood, either by ingesting it or by feeding on xylophagous microbes; these species are also the most abundant. Seven species were predators or scavengers that were most likely attracted by the wood-dependent species. The remaining seven species represent predators, detritus feeders, and suspension feeders that may or may not have had a relation to the wood fall or its fauna. All species had a benthic mode of life, and pseudoplanktonic taxa are absent, indicating that the colonization of the wood began only once it had arrived on the deep-sea floor. The wood-dependent species belong to taxa that fill the same ecologic niche in the deep sea today, indicating that the modern wood-fall ecosystem had evolved at least by late Eocene time. There is no uniformity or specialization of dispersal strategies among the recovered taxa; they rather reflect those of the phylogenetic group to which they belong. The wood-fall assemblage described here shares several families with fossil whale falls and cold seeps but very few species, a condition that can also be observed at modern examples of these ecosystems. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Washington, Burke Museum, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kiel, S (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM steffen.kiel@gmx.de RI Kiel, Steffen/C-3150-2009 OI Kiel, Steffen/0000-0001-6281-100X NR 61 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 548 EP 556 DI 10.2110/palo.2005.p05-086r PG 9 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 116ZW UT WOS:000242843300004 ER PT J AU Tegmark, M Eisenstein, DJ Strauss, MA Weinberg, DH Blanton, MR Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hamilton, AJS Knapp, GR Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Padmanabhan, N Percival, WJ Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scoccimarro, R Seljak, U Seo, HJ Swanson, M Szalay, AS Vogeley, MS Yoo, J Zehavi, I Abazajian, K Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bassett, B Berlind, A Brinkmann, J Budavari, T Castander, F Connolly, A Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, DP Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Hennessy, GS Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lin, H Loveday, J Lupton, RH Munn, JA Pan, K Park, C Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, A Richmond, M Rockosi, C Scranton, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Szapudi, I Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG AF Tegmark, Max Eisenstein, Daniel J. Strauss, Michael A. Weinberg, David H. Blanton, Michael R. Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Gunn, James E. Hamilton, Andrew J. S. Knapp, Gillian R. Nichol, Robert C. Ostriker, Jeremiah P. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Percival, Will J. Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Scoccimarro, Roman Seljak, Uros Seo, Hee-Jong Swanson, Molly Szalay, Alexander S. Vogeley, Michael S. Yoo, Jaiyul Zehavi, Idit Abazajian, Kevork Anderson, Scott F. Annis, James Bahcall, Neta A. Bassett, Bruce Berlind, Andreas Brinkmann, Jon Budavari, Tamas Castander, Francisco Connolly, Andrew Csabai, Istvan Doi, Mamoru Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Gillespie, Bruce Glazebrook, Karl Hennessy, Gregory S. Hogg, David W. Ivezic, Zeljko Jain, Bhuvnesh Johnston, David Kent, Stephen Lamb, Donald Q. Lee, Brian C. Lin, Huan Loveday, Jon Lupton, Robert H. Munn, Jeffrey A. Pan, Kaike Park, Changbom Peoples, John Pier, Jeffrey R. Pope, Adrian Richmond, Michael Rockosi, Constance Scranton, Ryan Sheth, Ravi K. Stebbins, Albert Stoughton, Christopher Szapudi, Istvan Tucker, Douglas L. Vanden Berk, Daniel E. Yanny, Brian York, Donald G. TI Cosmological constraints from the SDSS luminous red galaxies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; POWER-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; COSMIC COMPLEMENTARITY; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; EIGENMODE ANALYSIS AB We measure the large-scale real-space power spectrum P(k) using luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and use this measurement to sharpen constraints on cosmological parameters from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). We employ a matrix-based power spectrum estimation method using Pseudo-Karhunen-Loeve eigenmodes, producing uncorrelated minimum-variance measurements in 20 k-bands of both the clustering power and its anisotropy due to redshift-space distortions, with narrow and well-behaved window functions in the range 0.01h/Mpc < k < 0.2h/Mpc. Results from the LRG and main galaxy samples are consistent, with the former providing higher signal-to-noise. Our results are robust to omitting angular and radial density fluctuations and are consistent between different parts of the sky. They provide a striking confirmation of the predicted large-scale Lambda CDM power spectrum. Combining only SDSS LRG and WMAP data places robust constraints on many cosmological parameters that complement prior analyses of multiple data sets. The LRGs provide independent cross-checks on Omega(m) and the baryon fraction in good agreement with WMAP. Within the context of flat Lambda CDM models, our LRG measurements complement WMAP by sharpening the constraints on the matter density, the neutrino density and the tensor amplitude by about a factor of 2, giving Omega(m)=0.24 +/- 0.02 (1 sigma), (95%) and r < 0.3 (95%). Baryon oscillations are clearly detected and provide a robust measurement of the comoving distance to the median survey redshift z=0.35 independent of curvature and dark energy properties. Within the Lambda CDM framework, our power spectrum measurement improves the evidence for spatial flatness, sharpening the curvature constraint Omega(tot)=1.05 +/- 0.05 from WMAP alone to Omega(tot)=1.003 +/- 0.010. Assuming Omega(tot)=1, the equation of state parameter is constrained to w=-0.94 +/- 0.09, indicating the potential for more ambitious future LRG measurements to provide precision tests of the nature of dark energy. All these constraints are essentially independent of scales k > 0.1h/Mpc and associated nonlinear complications, yet agree well with more aggressive published analyses where nonlinear modeling is crucial. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetry Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 2EG, Hants, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Cape Town, Dept Appl Math, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Gatan Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tegmark, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 184 TC 956 Z9 963 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 AR 123507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.123507 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 121QJ UT WOS:000243171800028 ER PT J AU Kudoh, H Shimamura, R Takayama, K Whigham, DF AF Kudoh, Hiroshi Shimamura, Ryouji Takayama, Koji Whigham, Dennis F. TI Consequences of hydrochory in Hibiscus SO PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic structure; Hibiscus; hydrochory; metapopulation; seed dispersal; seed bank ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; SEED DISPERSAL; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; TRILLIUM-GRANDIFLORUM; MOSCHEUTOS MALVACEAE; RIPARIAN PLANT; RIVER SYSTEM; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB Seed dispersal provides a template upon which the demographic processes of plant life cycles operate and, most importantly, seed dispersal determines the spatial distribution of genetic variation. Here, we review recent studies on seed dispersal by water (hydrochory) in species of Hibiscus to elucidate the potential ecological and evolutionary consequences of hydrochory at different spatiotemporal scales. We consider seed dispersal related processes that determine the distribution and dynamics of genetic variation, that is, the spatial shuffling effect of the seed bank that modifies genetic make-up within a population, the formation of a genetic reservoir within a metapopulation, and lineage dispersions and speciation that may produce patterns in plant phylogeography. Seed movement patterns within ecological time and space are likely to leave non-random patterns in long-term plant evolution and phylogeny. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Kudoh, H (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM kudoh@kobe-u.ac.jp OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0913-557X J9 PLANT SPEC BIOL JI Plant Spec. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2006.00158.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098DF UT WOS:000241500500001 ER PT J AU Christen, CA AF Christen, CA TI Public history and the environment SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Christen, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1525/tph.2006.28.1.135 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 025WB UT WOS:000236296700015 ER PT J AU Stefanik, RP Latham, DW Davis, RJ AF Stefanik, Robert P. Latham, David W. Davis, Robert J. TI Constant-velocity stars at the north Galactic pole suitable for use as secondary velocity standards SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-VELOCITIES; BINARIES; SEARCH AB We present mean radial velocities for 143 stars in Selected Area 57 at the north Galactic pole that are suitable for use as secondary velocity standards. The stars were drawn from a magnitude-limited sample and are mostly fainter than 11th magnitude in V. They span a wide range of effective temperatures and surface gravities and thus provide a suitable source of targets for observed templates. The mean radial velocities are based on at least 10 observations spanning at least 8200 days, and are accurate typically to 0.2 km s(-1), with no obvious signs of variable velocity or composite spectra. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Stefanik, RP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rstefanik@cfa.harvard.edu; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu; rdavis@cfa.harvard.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 850 BP 1656 EP 1665 DI 10.1086/510104 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 127DQ UT WOS:000243565900005 ER PT J AU Meyer, MR Hillenbrand, LA Backman, D Beckwith, S Bouwman, J Brooke, T Carpenter, J Cohen, M Cortes, S Crockett, N Gorti, U Henning, T Hines, D Hollenbach, D Kim, JS Lunine, J Malhotra, R Mamajek, E Metchev, S Moro-Martin, A Morris, P Najita, J Padgett, D Pascucci, I Rodmann, J Schlingman, W Silverstone, M Soderblom, D Stauffer, J Stobie, E Strom, S Watson, D Weidenschilling, S Wolf, S Young, E AF Meyer, Michael R. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Backman, Dana Beckwith, Steve Bouwman, Jeroen Brooke, Tim Carpenter, John Cohen, Martin Cortes, Stephanie Crockett, Nathan Gorti, Uma Henning, Thomas Hines, Dean Hollenbach, David Kim, Jinyoung Serena Lunine, Jonathan Malhotra, Renu Mamajek, Eric Metchev, Stanimir Moro-Martin, Amaya Morris, Pat Najita, Joan Padgett, Deborah Pascucci, Ilaria Rodmann, Jens Schlingman, Wayne Silverstone, Murray Soderblom, David Stauffer, John Stobie, Elizabeth Strom, Steve Watson, Dan Weidenschilling, Stuart Wolf, Sebastian Young, Erick TI The formation and evolution of planetary systems: Placing our solar system in context with Spitzer SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SUN-LIKE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; CIRCUMSTELLAR DEBRIS DISKS; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; UPPER LIMITS; KUIPER-BELT; YOUNG STARS AB We provide an overview of the Spitzer Legacy Program, Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems, that was proposed in 2000, begun in 2001, and executed aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope between 2003 and 2006. This program exploits the sensitivity of Spitzer to carry out mid-infrared spectrophotometric observations of solar-type stars. With a sample of similar to 328 stars ranging in age from similar to 3 Myr to similar to 3 Gyr, we trace the evolution of circumstellar gas and dust from primordial planet-building stages in young circumstellar disks through to older collisionally generated debris disks. When completed, our program will help define the timescales over which terrestrial and gas giant planets are built, constrain the frequency of planetesimal collisions as a function of time, and establish the diversity of mature planetary architectures. In addition to the observational program, we have coordinated a concomitant theoretical effort aimed at understanding the dynamics of circumstellar dust with and without the effects of embedded planets, dust spectral energy distributions, and atomic and molecular gas line emission. Together with the observations, these efforts will provide an astronomical context for understanding whether our solar system - and its habitable planet - is a common or a rare circumstance. Additional information about the FEPS project can be found on the team Web site. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Mountain View, CA USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Theory Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Herschel Sci Ctr, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Meyer, MR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mmeyer@as.arizona.edu OI Malhotra, Renu/0000-0002-1226-3305 NR 64 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 850 BP 1690 EP 1710 DI 10.1086/510099 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 127DQ UT WOS:000243565900009 ER PT J AU Smythe, AB Sanderson, MJ Nadler, SA AF Smythe, Ashleigh B. Sanderson, Michael J. Nadler, Steven A. TI Nematode small subunit phylogeny correlates with alignment parameters SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple alignment; Nematoda; phylogeny reconstruction; ribosomal RNA ID MULTIPLE-SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; 18S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENE-SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; OPTIMIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; RHABDITIDAE; MOLECULES AB The number of nuclear small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences for Nematoda has increased dramatically in recent years, and although their use in constructing phylogenies has also increased, relatively little attention has been given to their alignment. Here we examined the sensitivity of the nematode SSU data set to different alignment parameters and to the removal of alignment ambiguous regions. Ten alignments were created with CLUSTAL W using different sets of alignment parameters (10 full alignments), and each alignment was examined by eye and alignment ambiguous regions were removed (creating 10 reduced alignments). These alignment ambiguous regions were analyzed as a third type of data set, culled alignments. Maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and parsimony bootstrap analyses were performed. The resulting phylogenies were compared to each other by the symmetric difference distance tree comparison metric (SymD). The correlation of the phylogenies with the alignment parameters was tested by comparing matrices from SymD with corresponding matrices of Manhattan distances representing the alignment parameters. Differences among individual parsimony trees from the full alignments were frequently correlated with the differences among alignment parameters (580/1000 tests), as were trees from the culled alignments (403/1000 tests). Differences among individual parsimony trees from the reduced alignments were less frequently correlated with the differences among alignment parameters (230/1000 tests). Differences among majority-rule consensus trees (50%) from the parsimony analysis of the full alignments were significantly correlated with the differences among alignment parameters, whereas consensus trees from the reduced and culled analyses were not correlated with the alignment parameters. These patterns of correlation confirm that choice of alignment parameters has the potential to bias the resultant phylogenies for the nematode SSU data set, and suggest that the removal of alignment ambiguous regions reduces this effect. Finally, we discuss the implications of conservative phylogenetic hypotheses for Nematoda produced by exploring alignment space and removing alignment ambiguous regions for SSU rDNA. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Smythe, AB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, NMNH, POB 37012,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM smythea@si.edu NR 83 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1063-5157 J9 SYSTEMATIC BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 55 IS 6 BP 972 EP 992 DI 10.1080/10635150601089001 PG 21 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 124HQ UT WOS:000243359300010 PM 17345678 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Ruess, RW Feller, IC AF Lovelock, Catherine E. Ruess, Roger W. Feller, Ilka C. TI Fine root respiration in the mangrove Rhizophora mangle over variation in forest stature and nutrient availability SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Belize; fertilization; nitrogen; phosphorus ID POTENTIAL GROWTH-RATE; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DYNAMICS; PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; LIMITATION; ENRICHMENT; HERBIVORY AB Root respiration uses a significant proportion of photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) and is a globally important source of C liberated from soils. Mangroves, which are an important and productive forest resource in many tropical and subtropical countries, sustain a high ratio of root to shoot biomass which may indicate that root respiration is a particularly important component in mangrove forest carbon budgets. Mangroves are often exposed to nutrient pollution from coastal waters. Here we assessed the magnitude of fine root respiration in mangrove forests in Belize and investigated how root respiration is influenced by nutrient additions. Respiration rates of excised fine roots of the mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., were low (4.01 +/- 0.16 nmol CO2 g(-1) s(-1)) compared to those measured in temperate tree species at similar temperatures. In an experiment where trees where fertilized with nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) in low productivity dwarf forests (1-2 m height) and more productive, taller (47 m height) seaward fringing forests, respiration of fine roots did not vary consistently with fertilization treatments or with forest stature. Fine roots of taller fringe trees had higher concentrations of both N and P compared to dwarf trees. Fertilization with P enhanced fine root P concentrations in both dwarf and fringe trees, but reduced root N concentrations compared to controls. Fertilization with N had no effect on root N or P concentrations. Unlike photosynthetic C gain and growth, which is strongly limited by P availability in dwarf forests at this site, fine root respiration (expressed on a mass basis) was variable, but showed no significant enhancements with nutrient additions. Variation in fine root production and standing biomass are, therefore, likely to be more important factors determining C efflux from mangrove sediments than variations in fine root respiration per unit mass. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1601 EP 1606 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 112VU UT WOS:000242556700010 PM 17169899 ER PT J AU Bridgham, SD Megonigal, JP Keller, JK Bliss, NB Trettin, C AF Bridgham, Scott D. Megonigal, J. Patrick Keller, Jason K. Bliss, Norman B. Trettin, Carl TI The carbon balance of North American wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Review DE carbon; methane; North America; plants; sedimentation; soil; wetlands ID CONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; NEW-YORK-STATE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; PEAT ACCUMULATION AB We examine the carbon balance of North American wetlands by reviewing and synthesizing the published literature and soil databases. North American wetlands contain about 220 Pg C, most of which is in peat. They are a small to moderate carbon sink of about 49 Tg C yr(-1), although the uncertainty around this estimate is greater than 100%, with the largest unknown being the role of carbon sequestration by sedimentation in freshwater mineral-soil wetlands. We estimate that North American wetlands emit 9 Tg methane (CH4) yr(-1); however, the uncertainty of this estimate is also greater than 100%. With the exception of estuarine wetlands, CH4 emissions from wetlands may largely offset any positive benefits of carbon sequestration in soils and plants in terms of climate forcing. Historically, the destruction of wetlands through land-use changes has had the largest effects on the carbon fluxes and consequent radiative forcing of North American wetlands. The primary effects have been a reduction in their ability to sequester carbon (a small to moderate increase in radiative forcing), oxidation of their soil carbon reserves upon drainage (a small increase in radiative forcing), and reduction in CH4 emissions (a small to large decrease in radiative forcing). It is uncertain how global changes will affect the carbon pools and fluxes of North American wetlands. We will not be able to predict accurately the role of wetlands as potential positive or negative feedbacks to anthropogenic global change without knowing the integrative effects of changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur on the carbon balance of North American wetlands. C1 Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97493 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetland Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Bridgham, SD (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97493 USA. EM bridgham@uoregon.edu NR 164 TC 309 Z9 344 U1 38 U2 350 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 889 EP 916 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[889:TCBONA]2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000002 ER PT J AU Bradley, B Stanford, D AF Bradley, Bruce Stanford, Dennis TI The Solutrean-Clovis connection: reply to Straus, Meltzer and Goebel SO WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Paleoindian Paleoecol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bradley, B (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0043-8243 J9 WORLD ARCHAEOL JI World Archaeol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 704 EP 714 DI 10.1080/00438240601022001 PG 11 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 120YV UT WOS:000243123800012 ER PT J AU Bourke, MC Balme, M Beyer, RA Williams, KK Zimbelman, J AF Bourke, M. C. Balme, M. Beyer, R. A. Williams, K. K. Zimbelman, J. TI A comparison of methods used to estimate the height of sand dunes on Mars SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aeolian; dune; Mars; morphometry; methods; remote sensing; planetary geology ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; NORTH POLAR-REGION; SOUTHERN PERU; BARCHAN DUNES; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; RIDGES; ROVER AB The collection of morphometric data on small-scale landforms from other planetary bodies is difficult. We assess four methods that can be used to estimate the height of aeolian dunes on Mars. These are (1) stereography, (2) slip face length, (3) profiling photoclinometry, and (4) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Results show that there is good agreement among the methods when conditions are ideal. However, limitations inherent to each method inhibited their accurate application to all sites. Collectively, these techniques provide data on a range of morphometric parameters, some of which were not previously available for dunes on Mars. They include dune height, width, length, surface area, volume, and longitudinal and transverse profiles. The utilization of these methods will facilitate a more accurate analysis of aeolian dunes on Mars and enable comparison with dunes on other planetary surfaces. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bourke, MC (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mbourke@psi.edu; mbalms@psi.edu; rbeyer@arc.nasa.gov; williamskk@si.edu; zimbelmanj@si.edu RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335; Balme, Matthew/0000-0001-5871-7475 NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 440 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.04.023 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 117NJ UT WOS:000242879700015 ER PT J AU Lichtenberg, G Kleipool, Q Krijger, JM van Soest, G van Hees, R Tilstra, LG Acarreta, JR Aben, I Ahlers, B Bovensmann, H Chance, K Gloudemans, AMS Hoogeveen, RWM Jongma, RTN Noel, S Piters, A Schrijver, H Schrijvers, C Sioris, CE Skupin, J Slijkhuis, S Stammes, P Wuttke, M AF Lichtenberg, G. Kleipool, Q. Krijger, J. M. van Soest, G. van Hees, R. Tilstra, L. G. Acarreta, J. R. Aben, I. Ahlers, B. Bovensmann, H. Chance, K. Gloudemans, A. M. S. Hoogeveen, R. W. M. Jongma, R. T. N. Noel, S. Piters, A. Schrijver, H. Schrijvers, C. Sioris, C. E. Skupin, J. Slijkhuis, S. Stammes, P. Wuttke, M. TI SCIAMACHY Level 1 data: calibration concept and in-flight calibration SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE SPECTRUM; ONBOARD ENVISAT; COLUMNS; DOAS; CO AB The calibration of SCIAMACHY was thoroughly checked since the instrument was launched on-board ENVISAT in February 2002. While SCIAMACHY's functional performance is excellent since launch, a number of technical difficulties have appeared, that required adjustments to the calibration. The problems can be separated into three types: (1) Those caused by the instrument and/or platform environment. Among these are the high water content in the satellite structure and/or MLI layer. This results in the deposition of ice on the detectors in channels 7 and 8 which seriously affects the retrievals in the IR, mostly because of the continuous change of the slit function caused by scattering of the light through the ice layer. Additionally a light leak in channel 7 severely hampers any retrieval from this channel. (2) Problems due to errors in the on-ground calibration and/or data processing affecting for example the radiometric calibration. A new approach based on a mixture of on-ground and in-flight data is shortly described here. (3) Problems caused by principal limitations of the calibration concept, e.g. the possible appearance of spectral structures after the polarisation correction due to unavoidable errors in the determination of atmospheric polarisation. In this paper we give a complete overview of the calibration and problems that still have to be solved. We will also give an indication of the effect of calibration problems on retrievals where possible. Since the operational processing chain is currently being updated and no newly processed data are available at this point in time, for some calibration issues only a rough estimate of the effect on Level 2 products can be given. However, it is the intention of this paper to serve as a future reference for detailed studies into specific calibration issues. C1 DLR DFD IMF, Wessling, Germany. SRON Natl Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. Univ Bremen, Inst Remote Sensing IfE, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany. TNO Sci & Ind, Delft, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lichtenberg, G (reprint author), DLR DFD IMF, Wessling, Germany. EM guenter.lichtenberg@dlr.de RI Jongma, Rienk/D-4506-2012; van Soest, Gijs/B-4881-2008; Bovensmann, Heinrich/P-4135-2016; OI Bovensmann, Heinrich/0000-0001-8882-4108; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 5347 EP 5367 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110LX UT WOS:000242381500001 ER PT J AU Brady, SG Schultz, TR Fisher, BL Ward, PS AF Brady, Sean G. Schultz, Ted R. Fisher, Brian L. Ward, Philip S. TI Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE divergence dating; Formicidae; long-branch attraction; phylogeny ID DIVERGENCE TIMES; NOTHOMYRMECIA-MACROPS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ABSOLUTE RATES; WASPS INSECTA; ARMY ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PHYLOGENY; OUTGROUPS AB Ants are the world's most diverse and ecologically dominant eusocial organisms. Resolving the phylogeny and timescale for major ant lineages is vital to understanding how they achieved this success. Morphological, molecular, and paleontological studies, however, have presented conflicting views on early ant evolution. To address these issues, we generated the largest ant molecular phylogenetic data set published to date, containing approximate to 6 kb of DNA sequence from 162 species representing all 20 ant subfamilies and 10 aculeate outgroup families. When these data were analyzed with and without outgroups, which are all distantly related to ants and hence long-branched, we obtained conflicting ingroup topologies for some early ant lineages. This result casts strong doubt on the existence of a poneroid clade as currently defined. We compare alternate attachments of the outgroups to the ingroup tree by using likelihood tests, and find that several alternative rootings cannot be rejected by the data. These alternatives imply fundamentally different scenarios for the early evolution of ant morphology and behavior. Our data strongly support several notable relationships within the more derived formicoid ants, including placement of the enigmatic subfamily Aenictogitoninae as sister to Dorylus army ants. We use the molecular data to estimate divergence times, employing a strategy distinct from previous work by incorporating the extensive fossil record of other aculeate Hymenoptera as well as that of ants. Our age estimates for the most recent common ancestor of extant ants range from approximate to 115 to 135 million years ago, indicating that a Jurassic origin is highly unlikely. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Labs Analyt Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Ward, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM psward@ucdavis.edu OI Fisher, Brian/0000-0002-4653-3270 NR 64 TC 305 Z9 318 U1 6 U2 70 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 48 BP 18172 EP 18177 DI 10.1073/pnas.0605858103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 111PJ UT WOS:000242465200027 PM 17079492 ER PT J AU Pohl, T Sadeghpour, HR Nagata, Y Yamazaki, Y AF Pohl, T. Sadeghpour, H. R. Nagata, Y. Yamazaki, Y. TI Cooling by spontaneous decay of highly excited antihydrogen atoms in magnetic traps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE CASCADE AB An efficient cooling mechanism of magnetically trapped, highly excited antihydrogen ((H) over bar) atoms is presented. This cooling, in addition to the expected evaporative cooling, results in trapping of a large number of (H) over bar atoms in the ground state. It is found that the final fraction of trapped atoms is insensitive to the initial distribution of (H) over bar magnetic quantum numbers. Expressions are derived for the cooling efficiency, demonstrating that magnetic quadrupole (cusp) traps provide stronger cooling than higher order magnetic multipoles. The final temperature of (H) over bar confined in a cusp trap is shown to depend as similar to 2.2T(n0)n(0)(-2/3) on the initial Rydberg level n(0) and temperature T-n0. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RIKEN, Atom Phys Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Pohl, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013; Nagata, Yugo/J-2544-2016; Yamazaki, Yasunori/N-8018-2015 OI Yamazaki, Yasunori/0000-0001-5712-0853 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 21 AR 213001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.213001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 108DG UT WOS:000242219900012 PM 17155740 ER PT J AU Duckett, CN Prathapan, KD Konstantinov, AS AF Duckett, Catherine N. Prathapan, K. D. Konstantinov, Alexander S. TI Notes on identity, new synonymy and larva of Ivalia Jacoby (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) with description of a new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Ivalia; Taizonia; Amphimeloides; moss feeding; larval sensilla; new species ID BECHYNE COLEOPTERA; IMMATURE STAGES; ALTICINI AB Genus Ivalia Jacoby is characterized morphologically, and Amphimeloides Jacoby syn. nov. and Taizonia Chen syn. nov. are junior synonyms with it. Several Ivalia species are figured, including Ivalia bella (Chen) comb. nov., I. dorsalis (Jacoby) comb. nov., and I. viridipennis Jacoby. A new species of Ivalia from the Nilgiri Hills in south India, I. korakundah sp. nov., is described and illustrated, including the larvae. Larvae were associated with adults by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I. Larval morphology is discussed and compared with that of other flea beetles. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Duckett, CN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM cduckett@rci.Rutgers.edu; prathapankd@gmail.com; akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 23 PY 2006 IS 1363 BP 49 EP 68 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 108CV UT WOS:000242218800004 ER PT J AU Erdogdu, P Lahav, O Huchra, JP Colless, M Cutri, RM Falco, E George, T Jarrett, T Jones, DH Macri, LM Mader, J Martimbeau, N Pahre, MA Parker, QA Rassat, A Saunders, W AF Erdogdu, Pirin Lahav, Ofer Huchra, John P. Colless, Matthew Cutri, Roc M. Falco, Emilio George, Teddy Jarrett, Thomas Jones, D. Heath Macri, Lucas M. Mader, Jeff Martimbeau, Nathalie Pahre, Michael A. Parker, Quentin A. Rassat, Anaid Saunders, Will TI Reconstructed density and velocity fields from the 2MASS Redshift Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : distances and redshifts; cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of Universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; 2DF GALAXY REDSHIFT; SPHERICAL HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; WIENER RECONSTRUCTION; POWER-SPECTRUM; LOCAL UNIVERSE; IRAS GALAXIES; MILKY-WAY; CATALOG AB W We present the reconstructed real-space density and the predicted velocity fields from the Two-Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey (2MRS). The 2MRS is the densest all-sky redshift survey to date and includes about 23 200 galaxies with extinction-corrected magnitudes brighter than K-s = 11.25. Our method is based on the expansion of these fields in Fourier-Bessel functions. Within this framework, the linear redshift distortions only affect the density field in the radial direction and can easily be deconvolved using a distortion matrix. Moreover, in this coordinate system, the velocity field is related to the density field by a simple linear transformation. The shot noise errors in the reconstructions are suppressed by means of a Wiener filter which yields a minimum variance estimate of the density and velocity fields. Using the reconstructed real-space density fields, we identify all major superclusters and voids. At 50 h(-1) Mpc, our reconstructed velocity field indicates a backside infall to the Great Attractor region of v(infall) = (491 +/- 200) (ss/0.5) km s(-1) in the Local Group frame and v(infall) = (64 +/- 205) (ss/0.5) km s(-1) in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) frame and ss is the redshift distortion parameter. The direction of the reconstructed dipole agrees well with the dipole derived by Erdogdu et al. The misalignment between the reconstructed 2MRS and the CMB dipoles drops to 13 degrees at around 5000 km s(-1) but then increases at larger distances. C1 Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2052, Australia. CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Erdogdu, P (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM pirin.erdogdu@nottingham.ac.uk OI Rassat, Anais/0000-0002-5476-6461; Colless, Matthew/0000-0001-9552-8075; Macri, Lucas/0000-0002-1775-4859 NR 74 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 373 IS 1 BP 45 EP 64 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11049.x PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103MV UT WOS:000241891700024 ER PT J AU Weldon, PJ Kramer, M Gordon, S Spande, TF Daly, JW AF Weldon, Paul J. Kramer, Matthew Gordon, Scott Spande, Thomas F. Daly, John W. TI A common pumiliotoxin from poison frogs exhibits enantioselective toxicity against mosquitoes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; chemical defense; dendrobatid poison frogs; insecticidal activity; skin secretions ID DENDROBATES-PUMILIO; ALKALOIDS; SKIN AB Neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) contain a variety of lipophilic alkaloids in their diffusely distributed cutaneous glands, including a major class of compounds known as pumiliotoxins. Pumiliotoxins are highly toxic and are believed to protect frogs against predators. Their potential activity against ectoparasites, however, has not been investigated. We tested female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) for responses to 8-hydroxy-8methyl-6-(2'-methyl-hexylidene)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, designated pumiliotoxin 251 D [PTX (+)-251 D], a skin alkaloid present in all genera of dendrobatids and in other anurans, and to its unnatural enantiomer, PTX (-)-251D. Both enantiomers of PTX 251D presented on silicone feeding membranes reduced landing and feeding by A. aegypti, but PTX (+)-251D did so at lower concentrations. PTX (+)-251 D also induced toxicosis, shown when mosquitoes failed to fly off membranes. Similarly, mosquitoes confined with copper wires coated with PTX (+)-251D exhibited greater latencies to fly off the substrate and a higher incidence of leg autotomy than did those confined with the (-)-enantiomer. Our results on the contact toxicities of PTX 251D enantiomers parallel those reported for mice injected with them. The presentation of serial dilutions of PTX (+)-251 D to A. aegypti revealed a minimum toxic concentration of 0.1 mu g/cm(2). This value is substantially lower than that estimated for the cutaneous abundance of this compound in some frogs, an observation consistent the function of PTX 251D in anuran chemical defense against ectoparasitic arthropods. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Weldon, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM weldonp@si.edu; jdaly@nih.gov RI Gordon, Scott/B-8875-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 26 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 47 BP 17818 EP 17821 DI 10.1073/pnas.0608646103 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 111PG UT WOS:000242464900044 PM 17095598 ER PT J AU Yoshida, N Omukai, K Hernquist, L Abel, T AF Yoshida, Naoki Omukai, Kazuyuki Hernquist, Lars Abel, Tom TI Formation of primordial stars in a Lambda CDM universe SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; early universe; galaxies : formation; stars : formation ID POPULATION-III STARS; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; COLD DARK-MATTER; COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; PLANCK MEAN OPACITIES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; GALACTIC GAS CLOUDS; GAMMA-RAY BURST; 1ST STARS AB We study the formation of the first generation of stars in the standard cold dark matter model. We use a very high resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulation that achieves a dynamic range of similar to 1010 in length scale. With accurate treatment of atomic and molecular physics, including the effect of molecular line opacities and cooling by collision-induced continuum emission, it allows us to study the chemothermal evolution of primordial gas clouds to densities up to rho similar to 2; 10(-8) g cm(-3) (n(H) similar to 10(16) cm(-3)) without assuming any a priori equation of state, an improvement of 6 orders of magnitude over previous three-dimensional calculations. We study the evolution of a primordial star-forming gas cloud in the cosmological simulation in detail. The cloud core becomes marginally unstable against chemothermal instability when the gas cooling rate is increased owing to three-body molecule formation. However, since the core is already compact at that point, runaway cooling simply leads to fast condensation to form a single protostellar seed. During the final dynamical collapse, small angular momentum material collapses faster than the rest of the gas and selectively sinks inward. Consequently, the central regions have little specific angular momentum, and rotation does not halt collapse. We, for the first time, obtain an accurate gas mass accretion rate within a 10 M-circle dot innermost region around the protostar. We carry out protostellar evolution calculations using the obtained accretion rate. The resulting mass of the first star when it reaches the zero-age main sequence is M-ZAMS similar to 100 M-circle dot, and less (greater than or similar to 60 M circle dot) for substantially reduced accretion rates. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle & Astrophys Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yoshida, N (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011 NR 166 TC 299 Z9 299 U1 2 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 6 EP 25 DI 10.1086/507978 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700002 ER PT J AU Van der Wel, A Franx, M Wuyts, S Van Dokkum, PG Huang, J Rix, HW Illingworth, GD AF Van Der Wel, A. Franx, M. Wuyts, S. Van Dokkum, P. G. Huang, J. Rix, H-W. Illingworth, G. D. TI Comparing dynamical and photometric mass estimates of low- and high-redshift galaxies: Random and systematic uncertainties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation ID OPTICAL LUMINOSITY DENSITY; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STELLAR MASSES; RED GALAXIES; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET AB We determine the importance of redshift-dependent systematic effects in the determination of stellar masses from broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs), using high-quality kinematic and photometric data of early-type galaxies at z similar to 1 and z similar to 0. We find that photometric masses of z similar to 1 galaxies can be systematically different, by up to a factor of 2, from photometric masses of z similar to 0 galaxies with the same dynamical mass. The magnitude of this bias depends on the choice of stellar population synthesis model and the rest-frame wavelength range used in the fits. The best result, i.e., without significant bias, is obtained when rest-frame optical SEDs are fitted with models from Bruzual & Charlot. When the SEDs are extended to the rest-frame near-IR, a bias is introduced: photometricmasses of the z similar to 1 galaxies increase by a factor of 2 relative to the photometric masses of the z similar to 0 galaxies. When we use the Maraston models, the photometric masses of the z similar to 1 galaxies are low relative to the photometricmasses of the z similar to 0 galaxies by a factor of similar to 1.8. This offset occurs both for fits based on rest-frame optical SEDs and fits based on rest-frame optical+near-IR SEDs. The results indicate that model uncertainties produce uncertainties as high as a factor of 2.5 in mass estimates from rest-frame near-IR photometry, independent of uncertainties due to unknown star formation histories. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 AA Leiden, Netherlands. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Van der Wel, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. EM wel@pha.jhu.edu RI van der Wel, Arjen/G-8365-2011 NR 39 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1086/508128 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700008 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Robertson, B Krause, E Hernquist, L Cox, TJ AF Hopkins, Philip F. Robertson, Brant Krause, Elisabeth Hernquist, Lars Cox, Thomas J. TI An upper limit to the degree of evolution between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID BULGE MASS RELATION; GROTH STRIP SURVEY; BH-SIGMA RELATION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COSMIC EVOLUTION; GALACTIC NUCLEI; REDSHIFT SURVEY; STELLAR MASSES; FIELD GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION AB We describe a model-independent integral constraint that defines an upper limit to the allowed degree of evolution in the ratio of black hole (BH) mass to host galaxy luminosity or mass, as a function of redshift. Essentially, if the BH/host ratio is excessive at redshift z, then it would imply that the total mass density in BHs above some M-BH(min) is larger at that redshift than at z = 0, which is impossible. This argument requires no knowledge of host or BH properties, only a lower limit to the observed luminosity density in the brightest galaxies at some z. We calculate this upper limit from a variety of luminosity and mass functions in different bands from redshifts z = 0-2. We show that it is consistent with passive evolution of spheroid populations (with a fixed M-BH/M-host relation) in all cases, and provides tighter constraints than have generally been obtained previously, ruling out at greater than or similar to 6 sigma observational and theoretical estimates suggesting that M-BH/M-host was significantly larger at high redshifts than locally. We discuss a variety of possible ''loopholes'' or changes in the BH/ host populations and correlations, and show that they typically lower the upper limits and strengthen our conclusions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 57 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1086/508055 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700009 ER PT J AU Kondratko, PT Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM AF Kondratko, Paul T. Greenhill, Lincoln J. Moran, James M. TI Discovery of water maser emission in five AGNs and a possible correlation between water maser and nuclear 2-10 keV luminosities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual ( 2MASX J08362280+3327383, NGC 6264; UGC 09618 NED02, IRAS 03355+0104, SBS 0927+493; Markarian 0034, NGC 3393, NGC 5495, VII Zw 073, IC 0184; AM 2158-380 NED02); galaxies : Seyfert; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; masers ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-EMISSION; SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORBING COLUMN DENSITIES; H2O MASER; ACCRETION DISK; BEPPOSAX OBSERVATIONS; RXTE OBSERVATIONS AB We report the discovery of water maser emission in five active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The positions of the newly discovered masers, measured with the VLA, are consistent with the optical positions of the host nuclei to within 1 sigma(0.''3 radio and 1.''3 optical) and most likely mark the locations of the embedded central engines. The spectra of three sources, 2MASX J08362280+3327383, NGC 6264, and UGC 09618 NED02, display the characteristic spectral signature of emission from an edge-on accretion disk with maximum orbital velocity of similar to 700, similar to 800, and similar to 1300 km s(-1), respectively. We also present a GBT spectrum of a previously known source, Mrk 0034, and interpret the narrow Doppler components reported here as indirect evidence that the emission originates in an edge-on accretion disk with orbital velocity of similar to 500 km s(-1). We obtained a detection rate of 12%(5 out of 41) among Seyfert 2 and LINER systems with 10,000 km s(-1) < v(sys) < 15,000 km s(-1). For the 30 nuclear water masers with available hard X-ray data, we report a possible relationship between unabsorbed X- ray luminosity (2-10 keV) and total isotropic water maser luminosity, L2-10 proportional to L-H2O(0.5 +/- 0.1), consistent with the model proposed by Neufeld and Maloney, in which X-ray irradiation and heating of molecular accretion disk gas by the central engine excites the maser emission. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kondratko, PT (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pkondrat@cfa.harvard.edu OI Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 122 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1086/507885 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700013 ER PT J AU Bonanos, AZ Stanek, KZ Kudritzki, RP Macri, LM Sasselov, DD Kaluzny, J Stetson, PB Bersier, D Bresolin, F Matheson, T Mochejska, BJ Przybilla, N Szentgyorgyi, AH Tonry, J Torres, G AF Bonanos, A. Z. Stanek, K. Z. Kudritzki, R. P. Macri, L. M. Sasselov, D. D. Kaluzny, J. Stetson, P. B. Bersier, D. Bresolin, F. Matheson, T. Mochejska, B. J. Przybilla, N. Szentgyorgyi, A. H. Tonry, J. Torres, G. TI The first direct distance determination to a detached eclipsing binary in M33 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; distance scale; galaxies : individual (M33); stars : fundamental parameters ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; O-TYPE STARS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE; ATMOSPHERIC NLTE-MODELS; RED GIANT BRANCH; NEARBY GALAXIES; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS AB We present the first direct distance determination to a detached eclipsing binary in M33, which was found by the DIRECT Project. Located in the OB 66 association at coordinates (alpha,delta;) (01(h)33(m)46.(s)17, +30 degrees 44'39."9) for J2000.0, it was one of the most suitable detached eclipsing binaries found by DIRECT for distance determination, given its apparent magnitude and orbital period. We obtained follow-up BV time-series photometry, JHK(s) photometry, and optical spectroscopy from which we determined the parameters of the system. It contains two O7 main-sequence stars, with masses of 33.4 +/- 3.5 and 30.0 +/- 3.3M(circle dot) and radii of 12.3 +/- 0.4 and 8.8 +/- 0.3 R-circle dot, respectively. We derive temperatures of 37,000 +/- 1500 and 35,600 +/- 1500 K. Using BVRJHK(s) photometry for the flux calibration, we obtain a distance modulus of 24.92 +/- 0.12 mag (964 +/- 54 kpc), which is similar to 0.3 mag longer than the Key Project distance to M33. We discuss the implications of our result and the importance of establishing M33 as an independent rung on the cosmological distance ladder. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Astron, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. EM bonanos@dtm.ciw.edu; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; kud@ifa.hawaii.edu; lmacri@noao.edu; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; jka@camk.edu.pl; peter.stetson@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; dbf@astro.livjm.ac.uk; bresolin@ifa.hawaii.edu; matheson@noao.edu; mochejsk@camk.edu.pl; przybilla@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de; aszentgyorgyi@cfa.harvard.edu; jt@ifa.hawaii.edu; torres@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bonanos, Alceste/K-5392-2013; OI Bonanos, Alceste/0000-0003-2851-1905; Macri, Lucas/0000-0002-1775-4859 NR 90 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1086/508140 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700029 ER PT J AU Ennis, JA Rudnick, L Reach, WT Smith, JD Rho, J DeLaney, T Gomez, H Kozasa, T AF Ennis, Jessica A. Rudnick, Lawrence Reach, William T. Smith, J. D. Rho, Jeonghee DeLaney, Tracey Gomez, Haley Kozasa, Takashi TI Spitzer IRAC images and sample spectra of Cassiopeia A's explosion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : ISM; ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A); nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernova remnants ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT CASSIOPEIA; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; REVERSE SHOCKS; II SUPERNOVAE; DUST; EJECTA; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PROGENITOR AB We present Spitzer IRAC images and representative 5.27-38.5 mu m IRS spectra of the Cas A SNR. We find that various IRAC channels are each most sensitive to a different spectral and physical component. Channel 1 (3.6 mu m) provides an excellent match to the radio synchrotron images. Where channel 1 is strong with respect to the other IRAC channels, the longer wavelength spectra show a broad continuum gently peaking around 26 mu m, with weak or no lines. We suggest that this is due to unenriched progenitor circumstellar dust behind the outer shock. Where channel 4 (8 mu m) is relatively brightest, the long-wavelength spectra show a strong, 2-3 mu m wide peak at 21 mu m, likely due to silicates and protosilicates. Strong ionic lines of [Ar II], [ Ar III], [S IV], and [Ne II] also appear in these regions. We suggest that in these locations, the dust and ionic emission originate from the explosion's O-burning layers. The regions where channels 2 (4.5 mu m) and 3 (5.6 mu m) are strongest relative to channel 4 show a spectrum that rises gradually to 38 mu m, becoming flatter longward of 21 mu m, along with higher ratios of [Ne II] to [Ar II]. We suggest that the dust and ionic emission in these locations arise primarily from the C- and Ne-burning layers. All of these findings are consistent with asymmetries deep in the explosion, producing variations in the velocity structure in different directions, but generally preserving the nucleosynthetic layering. At each location, the dust and ionic lines in the mid-infrared and the hotter and more highly ionized optical and X-ray emission are then dominated by the layer currently encountering the reverse shock in that direction. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Ennis, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM jennis@astro.umn.edu; larry@astro.umn.edu; reach@ipac.caltech.edu; jdsmith@as.arizona.edu; rho@ipac.caltech.edu; tdelaney@cfa.harvard.edu; haley.gomez@astro.cf.ac.uk; kozasa@ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp RI Gomez, Haley/C-2800-2009; Kozasa, Takashi/A-5213-2012; OI Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 NR 56 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 376 EP 386 DI 10.1086/508142 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700034 ER PT J AU Hora, JL Latter, WB Smith, HA Marengo, M AF Hora, Joseph L. Latter, William B. Smith, Howard A. Marengo, Massimo TI Infrared observations of the Helix planetary nebula SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary nebulae : general; planetary nebulae : individual (Helix nebula, NGC 7293) ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION; KNOTS; REGIONS; CALIBRATION; NGC-7293; GLOBULES; DUST AB We have mapped the Helix (NGC 7293) planetary nebula (PN) with the IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The Helix is one of the closest bright PNs and therefore provides an opportunity to resolve the small-scale structure in the nebula. The emission from this PN in the 5.8 and 8 mu m IRAC bands is dominated by the pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen, with a smaller contribution from forbidden line emission such as [Ar III] in the ionized region. The IRAC images resolve the "cometary knots,'' which have been previously studied in this PN. The "tails'' of the knots and the radial rays extending into the outer regions of the PN are seen in emission in the IRAC bands. IRS spectra on the main ring and the emission in the IRAC bands are consistent with shock-excited H-2 models, with a small (similar to 10%) component from photodissociation regions. In the northeast arc, the H-2 emission is located in a shell outside the H-2 emission. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hora, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 65, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 426 EP 441 DI 10.1086/507944 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700037 ER PT J AU McClintock, JE Shafee, R Narayan, R Remillard, RA Davis, SW Li, LX AF McClintock, Jeffrey E. Shafee, Rebecca Narayan, Ramesh Remillard, Ronald A. Davis, Shane W. Li, -Xin Li TI The spin of the near-extreme Kerr black hole GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; stars : individual (GRS 1915+105, 4U 1543-47, GRO J1655-40, LMC X-3); X-rays : binaries; X-rays : stars ID ACCRETION DISK MODELS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; RXTE SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY; GRS 1915+105; HIGH-STATE; COMPTONIZATION MODELS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM AB Based on a spectral analysis of the X-ray continuum that employs a fully relativistic accretion disk model, we conclude that the compact primary of the binary X-ray source GRS 1915+105 is a rapidly rotating Kerr black hole. We find a lower limit on the dimensionless spin parameter of a(*) > 0.98. Our result is robust in the sense that it is independent of the details of the data analysis and insensitive to the uncertainties in the mass and distance of the black hole. Furthermore, our accretion disk model includes an advanced treatment of spectral hardening. Our data selection relies on a rigorous and quantitative definition of the thermal state of black hole binaries, which we used to screen all of the available RXTE and ASCA data for the thermal state of GRS 1915+105. In addition, we focus on those data for which the accretion disk luminosity is less than 30% of the Eddington luminosity. We argue that these low-luminosity data are most appropriate for the thin alpha-disk model that we employ. We assume that there is zero torque at the inner edge of the disk, as is likely when the disk is thin, although we show that the presence of a significant torque does not affect our results. Our model and the model of the relativistic jets observed for this source constrain the distance and black hole mass and could thus be tested by determining a VLBA parallax distance and improving the measurement of the mass function. Finally, we comment on the significance of our results for relativistic jet and core-collapse models and for the detection of gravitational waves. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Ctr Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP McClintock, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 96 TC 290 Z9 290 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 518 EP 539 DI 10.1086/508457 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700045 ER PT J AU Tam, CR Kaspi, VM Gaensler, BM Gotthelf, EV AF Tam, C. R. Kaspi, V. M. Gaensler, B. M. Gotthelf, E. V. TI Chandra observations of the transient 7 s X-ray pulsar AX J1845.0-0258 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (AX J1845.0-0258); stars : neutron; X-rays : individual (CXOU J184454.6-025653) ID MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; XTE J1810-197; VARIABILITY; COINCIDENT; DISCOVERY AB We present the results of Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations of the transient anomalous X-ray pulsar candidate AXJ1845.0-0258 in apparent quiescence. Within the source's error circle, we find a point source and possible counterpart, which we designate CXOU J184454.6-025653. No coherent pulsations are detected, and no extended emission is seen. The source's spectrum is equally well described by a blackbody model of temperature kT similar to 2.0 keV or a power-law model with photon index Gamma similar to 1.0. This is considerably harder than was seen for AX J1845.0-0258 during its period of brightening in 1993 (kT similar to 0.6 keV) despite being at least similar to 13 times fainter. This behavior is opposite to that observed in the case of the established transient AXP, XTE J1810-197. We therefore explore the possibility that CXOU J184454.6-025653 is an unrelated source and that AX J1845.0-0258 remains undetected since 1993, with a flux 260-430 times fainter than at that epoch. If so, this would represent an unprecedented range of variability in AXPs. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Tam, CR (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Rutherford Phys Bldg,3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM tamc@physics.mcgill.ca RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 548 EP 553 DI 10.1086/507262 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700047 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, ME Kaspi, VM Pivovaroff, MJ Gaensler, BM AF Gonzalez, M. E. Kaspi, V. M. Pivovaroff, M. J. Gaensler, B. M. TI Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the vela-like pulsar B1046-58 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR B1046-58); X-rays : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; SYNCHROTRON NEBULA; RADIO PULSARS; WIND NEBULAE; YOUNG PULSARS; CRAB-NEBULA; DEEP SEARCH; GEMINGA; PULSATIONS AB We present results from Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the radio pulsar B1046-58. A high-resolution spatial analysis reveals an asymmetric pulsar wind nebula (PWN), similar to 6" x 11" in size. The combined emission from the pulsar and its PWN is faint, with a best-fit power-law photon index of Gamma = 1.7(-0.2)(+0.4) and absorbed luminosity of similar to 10(32) ergs s(-1) in the 0.5-10.0 keV range (assuming a distance of 2.7 kpc). A spatially resolved imaging analysis suggests the presence of softer emission from the pulsar. No pulsations are detected from PSR B1046-58; assuming a worst-case sinusoidal pulse profile, we derive a 3 sigma upper limit for the pulsed fraction in the 0.5-10.0 keV range of 53%. Extended PWN emission is seen within 2" of the pulsar; the additional structures are highly asymmetric and extend predominantly to the southeast. We discuss the emission from the PWN as resulting from material downstream of the wind termination shock, as outflow from the pulsar, or as structures confined by a high space velocity. The first two interpretations imply equipartition fields in the observed structures of greater than or similar to 40-100 mu G, while the latter case implies a velocity for the pulsar >= 190n(0)(-1/2)km s(-1) (where n(0) is the ambient number density in units of cm(-3)). No emission from an associated supernova remnant is detected. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gonzalez, ME (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Rutherford Phys Bldg, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM gonzalez@physics.mcgill.ca RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014; OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1086/507125 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700050 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Narayan, R AF Cooper, Randall L. Narayan, Ramesh TI A two-zone model for type I X-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dense matter; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID THERMAL RELAXATION OSCILLATIONS; HELIUM-BURNING FLASHES; SHELL FLASHES; CYGNUS X-2; THERMONUCLEAR RUNAWAYS; RADIUS EXPANSION; NUCLEAR FUSION; RP-PROCESS; GX 17+2; HYDROGEN AB We construct a two-zone model to describe hydrogen and helium burning on an accreting neutron star and use it to study the triggering of type I X-ray bursts. Although highly simplified, the model reproduces all of the bursting regimes seen in the more complete global stability analysis of Narayan & Heyl, including the delayed mixed burst regime. The results are also consistent with observations. At accretion rates M/M-Edd less than or similar to 0.1, helium burning via the well-known thin-shell thermal instability triggers bursts. As. M increases, however, the triggering mechanism evolves from the fast thermal instability to a slowly growing overstability involving both hydrogen and helium burning. The competition between nuclear heating via the beta-limited CNO cycle and the triple-alpha process on the one hand, and radiative cooling via photon diffusion and emission on the other, drives oscillations with a period approximately equal to the hydrogen burning timescale. If these oscillations grow, the gradually rising temperature in the helium layer will eventually provoke a thin-shell thermal instability and hence a delayed mixed burst. For M/M-Edd less than or similar to 0.25, nuclear burning is stable and there are no bursts. Nearly all other theoretical models, including detailed time-dependent multizone calculations, predict that bursts should occur for all M/M-Edd less than or similar to 1, in conflict both with our results and with observations. We suggest that this discrepancy arises from the assumed strength of the hot CNO cycle breakout reaction O-15(alpha, gamma)Ne-19 observations agree much better with the results of Narayan & Heyl and our two-zone model, both of which neglect breakout reactions, may imply that the true O-15(alpha, gamma)Ne-19 rate is smaller than assumed in previous investigations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rcooper@cfa.harvard.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 584 EP 596 DI 10.1086/507782 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700052 ER PT J AU Park, T Kashyap, VL Siemiginowska, A Van Dyk, DA Zezas, A Heinke, C Wargelin, BJ AF Park, Taeyoung Kashyap, Vinay L. Siemiginowska, Aneta Van Dyk, David A. Zezas, Andreas Heinke, Craig Wargelin, Bradford J. TI Bayesian estimation of hardness ratios: Modeling and computations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : statistical; stars : flare; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY SOURCE; CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; FIELD NORTH SURVEY; EMISSION; FLARE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA; DECAY; POPULATION; STATISTICS AB A commonly used measure to summarize the nature of a photon spectrum is the so-called hardness ratio, which compares the numbers of counts observed in different passbands. The hardness ratio is especially useful to distinguish between and categorize weak sources as a proxy for detailed spectral fitting. However, in this regime classical methods of error propagation fail, and the estimates of spectral hardness become unreliable. Here we develop a rigorous statistical treatment of hardness ratios that properly deals with detected photons as independent Poisson random variables and correctly deals with the non-Gaussian nature of the error propagation. The method is Bayesian in nature and thus can be generalized to carry out a multitude of source-population-based analyses. We verify our method with simulation studies and compare it with the classical method. We apply this method to real-world examples, such as the identification of candidate quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries in globular clusters and tracking the time evolution of a flare on a low-mass star. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Stat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Park, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, 1 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tpark@stat.harvard.edu; kashyap@head.cfa.harvard.edu; aneta@head.cfa.harvard.edu; dvd@ics.uci.edu; azezas@head.cfa.harvard.edu; cheinke@northwestern.edu; bwargelin@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 NR 49 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 610 EP 628 DI 10.1086/507406 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700055 ER PT J AU Bode, MF O'Brien, TJ Osborne, JP Page, KL Senziani, F Skinner, GK Starrfield, S Ness, JU Drake, JJ Schwarz, G Beardmore, AP Darnley, MJ Eyres, SPS Evans, A Gehrels, N Goad, MR Jean, P Krautter, J Novara, G AF Bode, M. F. O'Brien, T. J. Osborne, J. P. Page, K. L. Senziani, F. Skinner, G. K. Starrfield, S. Ness, J. -U. Drake, J. J. Schwarz, G. Beardmore, A. P. Darnley, M. J. Eyres, S. P. S. Evans, A. Gehrels, N. Goad, M. R. Jean, P. Krautter, J. Novara, G. TI Swift observations of the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. I. Early X-ray emission from the shocked ejecta and red giant wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : symbiotic; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (RS Ophiuchi); supernovae : general; white dwarfs ID SYMBIOTIC STARS; AM-HERCULIS; MODELS; SPECTROSCOPY; TELESCOPE; REMNANTS; SPECTRA; MISSION; SYSTEMS; WAVE AB RS Ophiuchi began its latest outburst on 2006 February 12. Previous outbursts have indicated that high-velocity ejecta interact with a preexisting red giant wind, setting up shock systems analogous to those seen in supernova remnants. However, in the previous outburst in 1985, X-ray observations did not commence until 55 days after the initial explosion. Here we report on Swift observations covering the first month of the 2006 outburst with the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and X-Ray Telescope (XRT) instruments. RS Oph was clearly detected in the BAT 14-25 keV band from t = 0 to t similar to 6 days. XRT observations from 0.3 to 10 keV started 3.17 days after outburst. The rapidly evolving XRT spectra clearly show the presence of both line and continuum emission, which can be fitted by thermal emission from hot gas whose characteristic temperature, overlying absorbing column (N-H)(W), and resulting unabsorbed total flux decline monotonically after the first few days. Derived shock velocities are in good agreement with those found from observations at other wavelengths. Similarly, (N-H)(W) is in accord with that expected from the red giant wind ahead of the forward shock. We confirm the basic models of the 1985 outburst and conclude that standard phase I remnant evolution terminated by t similar to 6 days and the remnant then rapidly evolved to display behavior characteristic of phase III. Around t = 26 days, however, a new, luminous, and highly variable soft X-ray source began to appear, whose origin will be explored in a subsequent paper. C1 Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Sch Phys & Astron, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Toulouse 3, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Geol & Astron, Chester, PA 19383 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Keele, Astron Grp, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Konigstuhl, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Bode, MF (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. EM mfb@astro.livjm.ac.uk; tob@jb.man.ac.uk; julo@star.le.ac.uk; kpa@star.le.ac.uk; senziani@lambrate.inaf.it; skinner@cesr.fr; sumner.starrfield@asu.edu; jan-uwe.ness@asu.edu; jdrake@cfa.harvard.edu; gschwarz@as.arizona.edu; apb@star.le.ac.uk; mjd@astro.livjm.ac.uk; spseyres@uclan.ac.uk; ae@astro.keele.ac.uk; gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; mrg@star.le.ac.uk; jean@cesr.fr; jkrautte@lsw.uni-heidelberg.de; novara@iasf-milano.inaf.it RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 38 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1086/507980 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700056 ER PT J AU Ragland, S Traub, WA Berger, JP Danchi, WC Monnier, JD Willson, LA Carleton, NP Lacasse, MG Millan-Gabet, R Pedretti, E Schloerb, FP Cotton, WD Townes, CH Brewer, M Haguenauer, P Kern, P Labeye, P Malbet, F Malin, D Pearlman, M Perraut, K Souccar, K Wallace, G AF Ragland, S. Traub, W. A. Berger, J. -P. Danchi, W. C. Monnier, J. D. Willson, L. A. Carleton, N. P. Lacasse, M. G. Millan-Gabet, R. Pedretti, E. Schloerb, F. P. Cotton, W. D. Townes, C. H. Brewer, M. Haguenauer, P. Kern, P. Labeye, P. Malbet, F. Malin, D. Pearlman, M. Perraut, K. Souccar, K. Wallace, G. TI First surface-resolved results with the infrared optical telescope array imaging interferometer: Detection of asymmetries in asymptotic giant branch stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : imaging; stars : spots; surveys; techniques : interferometric ID ANGULAR SIZE MEASUREMENTS; MIRA VARIABLE-STARS; BIPOLAR PREPLANETARY NEBULAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MASS-LOSS RATES; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; SIO MASERS; SPECKLE-MASKING; RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE AB We have measured nonzero closure phases for about 29% of our sample of 56 nearby asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, using the three-telescope Infrared Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) interferometer at near-infrared wavelengths (H band) and with angular resolutions in the range 5-10 mas. These nonzero closure phases can only be generated by asymmetric brightness distributions of the target stars or their surroundings. We discuss how these results were obtained and how they might be interpreted in terms of structures on or near the target stars. We also report measured angular sizes and hypothesize that most Mira stars would show detectable asymmetry if observed with adequate angular resolution. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50014 USA. CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94725 USA. ALCATEL Space Ind, F-06322 Cannes, France. CEA Grenoble, LETI, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Ragland, S (reprint author), Calif Assoc Res Astron, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. EM sragland@keck.hawaii.edu NR 82 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 650 EP 660 DI 10.1086/507453 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700059 ER PT J AU Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC Kahler, SW AF Ciaravella, A. Raymond, J. C. Kahler, S. W. TI Ultraviolet properties of halo coronal mass ejections: Doppler shifts, angles, shocks, and bulk morphology SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : UV radiation ID WHITE-LIGHT IMAGES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; WAVE DRIVEN; SOLAR-WIND; DIAGNOSTICS; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; FLARE AB We present UV spectral information for 22 halo or partial halo CMEs observed by UVCS. The CME fronts show broad line profiles, while the line intensities are comparable to the background corona. The Doppler shifts of the front material are generally small, showing that the motion of gas in the fronts is mostly transverse to the line of sight. This indicates that, at least in halo CMEs, the fronts generally correspond to coronal plasma swept up by a shock or compression wave, rather than plasma carried outward by magnetic loops. This favors an ice cream cone (or a spherical shell) model, as opposed to an expanding arcade of loops. We use the line widths to discriminate between shock heating and bulk expansion. Of 14 cases where we detected the CME front, the line broadening in 7 cases can be attributed to shock heating, while in 3 cases it is the line-of-sight component of the CME expansion. For the CME cores we determine the angles between the motion and the plane of the sky, along with the actual heliocentric distances, in order to provide quantitative estimates of projection effects. C1 Osserv Astron Palermo, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Ciaravella, A (reprint author), Osserv Astron Palermo, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 774 EP 792 DI 10.1086/507171 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700070 ER PT J AU Williams, BJ Borkowski, KJ Reynolds, SP Blair, WP Ghavamian, P Hendrick, SP Long, KS Points, S Raymond, JC Sankrit, R Smith, RC Winkler, PF AF Williams, Brian J. Borkowski, Kazimierz J. Reynolds, Stephen P. Blair, William P. Ghavamian, Parviz Hendrick, Sean P. Long, Knox S. Points, Sean Raymond, John C. Sankrit, Ravi Smith, R. Chris Winkler, P. Frank TI Dust destruction in fast shocks of core-collapse supernova remnants in the large magellanic cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; Magellanic Clouds; supernova remnants ID INFRARED-EMISSION; GRAINS; EXTINCTION; ABSORPTION; LINES; N132D; GAS AB We report observations with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer of four supernova remnants (SNRs) believed to be the result of core-collapse supernovae: N132D (0525-69.6), N49B (0525-66.0), N23 (0506-68.0), and 0453-68.5. All four of these SNRs were detected in whole at 24 mu m and in part at 70 mu m. Comparisons with Chandra broadband X-ray images show an association of infrared (IR) emission with the blast wave. We attribute the observed IR emission to dust that has been collisionally heated by electrons and ions in the hot, X-ray-emitting plasma, with grain size distributions appropriate for the LMC and the destruction of small grains via sputtering by ions. As with our earlier analysis of Type Ia SNRs, models can reproduce observed 70 mu m/24 mu m flux ratios only if effects from sputtering are included, destroying small grains. We calculate the mass of dust swept up by the blast wave in these remnants, and we derive a dust-to-gas mass ratio of several times less than the often assumed value of 0.25% for the LMC. We believe that one explanation for this discrepancy could be porous (fluffy) dust grains. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Phys, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, La Serena 603, Chile. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena 603, Chile. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Phys, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. RP Williams, BJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bjwilli2@ncsu.edu NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/509876 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TZ UT WOS:000242125900009 ER PT J AU Barranco, JA Marcus, PS AF Barranco, Joseph A. Marcus, Philip S. TI A 3D spectral anelastic hydrodynamic code for shearing, stratified flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; vortex dynamics; anelastic approximation; rotating flows; stratified flows; shear flows; spectral methods; coordinate mapping; infinite domain ID RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; WEAKLY MAGNETIZED DISKS; GREAT RED SPOT; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; COUETTE-FLOW; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ALGORITHMS; VORTICES; CONVECTION AB We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) spectral hydrodynamic code to study vortex dynamics in rotating, shearing, stratified systems (e.g., the atmosphere of gas giant planets, protoplanetary disks around newly forming protostars). The time-in dependent background state is stably stratified in the vertical direction and has a unidirectional linear shear flow aligned with one horizontal axis. Superposed on this background state is an unsteady, subsonic flow that is evolved with the Euler equations subject to the anclastic approximation to filter acoustic phenomena. A Fourier-Fourier basis in a set of quasi-Lagrangian coordinates that advect with the background shear is used for spectral expansions in the two horizontal directions. For the vertical direction, two different sets of basis functions have been implemented: (1) Chebyshev polynomials on a truncated, finite domain, and (2) rational Chebyshev functions on an infinite domain. Use of this latter set is equivalent to transforming the infinite domain to a finite one with a cotangent mapping, and using cosine and sine expansions in the mapped coordinate. The nonlinear advection terms are time-integrated explicitly, the pressure/enthalpy terms are integrated semi-implicitly, and the Coriolis force and buoyancy terms are treated semi-analytically. We show that internal gravity waves can be damped by adding new terms to the Euler equations. The code exhibits excellent parallel performance with the message passing interface (MPI). As a demonstration of the code, we simulate the merger of two 3D vortices in the midplane of a protoplanetary disk. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barranco, JA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Div Theory, 60 Garden St,MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jbarranco@cfa.harvard.edu; pmarcus@me.berkeley.edu OI Barranco, Joseph/0000-0003-2045-677X NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 219 IS 1 BP 21 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.03.015 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 109TU UT WOS:000242332500004 ER PT J AU Cisneros-Heredia, DF Mcdiarmid, RW AF Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. Mcdiarmid, Roy W. TI Review of the taxonomy and conservation status of the Ecuadorian Glassfrog Centrolenella puyoensis Flores & McDiarmid (Amphibia : Anura : Centrolenidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Cochranella puyoensis n. comb.; distributional range; conservation status; Ecuador ID BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The Glassfrog Centrolenella puyoensis Flores & McDiarmid is a taxon known only from the female holotype, and recently placed in the genus Centrolene due to its supposed close relationship with Centrolene mariae (Duellman & Toft). Herein we report new material of puyoensis, including adult male specimens previously unknown. We propose the new combination Cochranella puyoensis (Flores & McDiarmid) n. comb., in recognition of the state of the humeral crista ventralis in males of this species, which lack a humeral spine. The hypothesis of relationships between three species, including puyoensis, proposed as the mariae species-group is questioned as it was based on phenetic rather than derived characters. We present new data that extend the distributional range of Cochranella puyoensis, and define its range along the Foothill Evergreen forests from 400 m to 1000 m above sea level in the provinces of Napo, Orellana, and Pastaza. New data presented herein also permit a re-evaluation of the conservation status of the species, previously classified under the IUCN category of Critically Endangered. We recommend that Cochranella puyoensis be reclassified as "Endangered": EN B1ab(i, ii, iii)+ 2ab(i, ii, iii); based on a better understanding of the presence of the species, its occupancy area, number of known localities, and habitat quality status. C1 Univ San Francisco Quito, Coll Biol & Environm Sci, Quito, Ecuador. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Res Training Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cisneros-Heredia, DF (reprint author), Univ San Francisco Quito, Coll Biol & Environm Sci, Cailla Postal 17, Quito, Ecuador. EM diegofrancisco@cisneros-heredia.org; mcdiarmr@si.edu RI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/D-1744-2011 OI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/0000-0002-6132-2738 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 20 PY 2006 IS 1361 BP 21 EP 31 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 108CS UT WOS:000242218500002 ER PT J AU Meijer, YJ Swart, DPJ Baier, F Bhartia, PK Bodeker, GE Casadio, S Chance, K Del Frate, F Erbertseder, T Felder, MD Flynn, LE Godin-Beekmann, S Hansen, G Hasekamp, OP Kaifel, A Kelder, HM Kerridge, BJ Lambert, JC Landgraf, J Latter, B Liu, X McDermid, IS Pachepsky, Y Rozanov, V Siddans, R Tellmann, S van der A, RJ van Oss, RF Weber, M Zehner, C AF Meijer, Y. J. Swart, D. P. J. Baier, F. Bhartia, P. K. Bodeker, G. E. Casadio, S. Chance, K. Del Frate, F. Erbertseder, T. Felder, M. D. Flynn, L. E. Godin-Beekmann, S. Hansen, G. Hasekamp, O. P. Kaifel, A. Kelder, H. M. Kerridge, B. J. Lambert, J. -C. Landgraf, J. Latter, B. Liu, X. McDermid, I. S. Pachepsky, Y. Rozanov, V. Siddans, R. Tellmann, S. van der A, R. J. van Oss, R. F. Weber, M. Zehner, C. TI Evaluation of Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) ozone profiles from nine different algorithms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; BACKSCATTERED ULTRAVIOLET RADIANCES; PERTURBATION-THEORY APPROACH; STRATOSPHERIC CHANGE; ERROR ANALYSIS; NEW-ZEALAND; WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS AB [1] An evaluation is made of ozone profiles retrieved from measurements of the nadir-viewing Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) instrument. Currently, four different approaches are used to retrieve ozone profile information from GOME measurements, which differ in the use of external information and a priori constraints. In total nine different algorithms will be evaluated exploiting the optimal estimation ( Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of Bremen, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory), Phillips-Tikhonov regularization ( Space Research Organization Netherlands), neural network ( Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research, Tor Vergata University), and data assimilation ( German Aerospace Center) approaches. Analysis tools are used to interpret data sets that provide averaging kernels. In the interpretation of these data, the focus is on the vertical resolution, the indicative altitude of the retrieved value, and the fraction of a priori information. The evaluation is completed with a comparison of the results to lidar data from the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change stations in Andoya ( Norway), Observatoire Haute Provence ( France), Mauna Loa ( Hawaii), Lauder ( New Zealand), and Dumont d'Urville ( Antarctic) for the years 1997 - 1999. In total, the comparison involves nearly 1000 ozone profiles and allows the analysis of GOME data measured in different global regions and hence observational circumstances. The main conclusion of this paper is that unambiguous information on the ozone profile can at best be retrieved in the altitude range 15 - 48 km with a vertical resolution of 10 to 15 km, precision of 5 - 10%, and a bias up to 5% or 20% depending on the success of recalibration of the input spectra. The sensitivity of retrievals to ozone at lower altitudes varies from scheme to scheme and includes significant influence from a priori assumptions. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Environm Risks & Safety Div, Environm Measurements Lab, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. German Aerosp Ctr, German Remote Sensing Data Ctr, DFD, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20904 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Central Otago 9182, Lauder, New Zealand. SERCO Spa, Frascati, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Informat Sistemi & Prod, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Solar Energy & Hydrogen Res, D-70565 Stuttgart, Germany. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. STG Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. European Space Agcy, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Meijer, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Environm Risks & Safety Div, Environm Measurements Lab, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM yasjka.meijer@rivm.nl; daan.swart@rivm.nl; frank.baier@dlr.de; bhartia@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov; g.bodeker@niwa.co.nz; stefano.casadio@esa.int; kchance@cfa.harvard.edu; delfrate@disp.uniroma2.it; thilo.erbertseder@dlr.de; felder@lrz.de; lawrence.e.flynn@noaa.gov; sophie.godin@aero.jussieu.fr; ghh@nilu.no; o.p.hasekamp@sron.nl; anton.kaifel@zsw-bw.de; kelder@knmi.nl; b.j.kerridge@rl.ac.uk; lambert@bira-iasb.oma.be; j.landgraf@sron.nl; b.g.latter@rl.ac.uk; xliu@cfa.harvard.edu; mcdermid@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov; yakov.pachepsky@noaa.gov; rozanov@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; r.siddans@rl.ac.uk; tellmann@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; avander@knmi.nl; ossvanr@knmi.nl; weber@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; claus.zehner@esa.int RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Del Frate, Fabio/G-1413-2013; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X NR 86 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21306 DI 10.1029/2005JD006778 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MO UT WOS:000242175900001 ER PT J AU Sanderson, AJR Ponman, TJ O'Sullivan, E AF Sanderson, Alastair J. R. Ponman, Trevor J. O'Sullivan, Ewan TI A statistically selected Chandra sample of 20 galaxy clusters - I. Temperature and cooling time profiles SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY-PROPERTIES; FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; XMM-NEWTON; SCALING PROJECT; ABELL CLUSTERS; HOT GAS; EXOSAT OBSERVATIONS; MERGING CLUSTERS; ENTROPY PROFILES; RADIO-EMISSION AB We present an analysis of 20 galaxy clusters observed with the Chandra X-ray satellite, focusing on the temperature structure of the intracluster medium and the cooling time of the gas. Our sample is drawn from a flux-limited catalogue but excludes the Fornax, Coma and Centaurus clusters, owing to their large angular size compared to the Chandra field of view. We describe a quantitative measure of the impact of central cooling, and find that the sample comprises nine clusters possessing cool cores (CCs) and 11 without. The properties of these two types differ markedly, but there is a high degree of uniformity amongst the CC clusters, which obey a nearly universal radial scaling in temperature of the form T alpha r(similar to 0.4), within the core. This uniformity persists in the gas cooling time, which varies more strongly with radius in CC clusters (t(cool) alpha r(similar to 1.3)), reaching t(cool) < 1 Gyr in all cases, although surprisingly low central cooling times (< 5 Gyr) are found in many of the non-CC systems. The scatter between the cooling time profiles of all the clusters is found to be remarkably small, implying a universal form for the cooling time of gas at a given physical radius in virialized systems, in agreement with recent previous work. Our results favour cluster merging as the primary factor in preventing the formation of CCs. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sanderson, AJR (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM ajrs@star.sr.bham.ac.uk OI O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 NR 81 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 4 BP 1496 EP 1508 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10956.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099VU UT WOS:000241626100004 ER PT J AU Soria, R Wong, DS AF Soria, Roberto Wong, Diane Sonya TI A ultraluminous X-ray source associated with a cloud collision in M 99 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies : individual : NGC 4254; radio lines : galaxies; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; DWARF STARBURST GALAXY; MASS BLACK-HOLES; INTERMEDIATE-MASS; STAR-FORMATION; VIRGO CLUSTER; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; ABUNDANCE GRADIENT; NEARBY GALAXIES; COLOR GRADIENTS AB The Sc galaxy M 99 in the Virgo Cluster has been strongly affected by tidal interactions and recent close encounters, responsible for an asymmetric spiral pattern and a high star formation rate. Our XMM-Newton study shows that the inner disc is dominated by hot plasma at kT approximate to 0.30 keV, with a total X-ray luminosity of approximate to 10(41) erg s(-1) in the 0.3-12 keV band. At the outskirts of the galaxy, away from the main star-forming regions, there is an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) with an X-ray luminosity of approximate to 2 x 10(40) erg s(-1) and a hard spectrum well fitted by a power law of photon index Gamma approximate to 1.7. This source is close to the location where a massive H I cloud appears to be falling on to the M 99 disc at a relative speed of > 100 km s(-1). We suggest that there may be a direct physical link between fast cloud collisions and the formation of bright ULXs, which may be powered by accreting black holes with masses similar to 100 M(circle dot). External collisions may trigger large-scale dynamical collapses of protoclusters, leading to the formation of very massive (greater than or similar to 200 M(circle dot)) stellar progenitors; we argue that such stars may later collapse into massive black holes if their metal abundance is sufficiently low. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Soria, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rsoria@cfa.harvard.edu; dianew@astron.berkeley.edu NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 4 BP 1531 EP 1539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10981.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099VU UT WOS:000241626100007 ER PT J AU Coppin, K Chapin, EL Mortier, AMJ Scott, SE Borys, C Dunlop, JS Halpern, M Hughes, DH Pope, A Scott, D Serjeant, S Wagg, J Alexander, DM Almaini, O Aretxaga, I Babbedge, T Best, PN Blain, A Chapman, S Clements, DL Crawford, M Dunne, L Eales, SA Edge, AC Farrah, D Gaztanaga, E Gear, WK Granato, GL Greve, TR Fox, M Ivison, RJ Jarvis, MJ Jenness, T Lacey, C Lepage, K Mann, RG Marsden, G Martinez-Sansigre, A Oliver, S Page, MJ Peacock, JA Pearson, CP Percival, WJ Priddey, RS Rawlings, S Rowan-Robinson, M Savage, RS Seigar, M Sekiguchi, K Silva, L Simpson, C Smail, I Stevens, JA Takagi, T Vaccari, M van Kampen, E Willott, CJ AF Coppin, K. Chapin, E. L. Mortier, A. M. J. Scott, S. E. Borys, C. Dunlop, J. S. Halpern, M. Hughes, D. H. Pope, A. Scott, D. Serjeant, S. Wagg, J. Alexander, D. M. Almaini, O. Aretxaga, I. Babbedge, T. Best, P. N. Blain, A. Chapman, S. Clements, D. L. Crawford, M. Dunne, L. Eales, S. A. Edge, A. C. Farrah, D. Gaztanaga, E. Gear, W. K. Granato, G. L. Greve, T. R. Fox, M. Ivison, R. J. Jarvis, M. J. Jenness, T. Lacey, C. Lepage, K. Mann, R. G. Marsden, G. Martinez-Sansigre, A. Oliver, S. Page, M. J. Peacock, J. A. Pearson, C. P. Percival, W. J. Priddey, R. S. Rawlings, S. Rowan-Robinson, M. Savage, R. S. Seigar, M. Sekiguchi, K. Silva, L. Simpson, C. Smail, I. Stevens, J. A. Takagi, T. Vaccari, M. van Kampen, E. Willott, C. J. TI The SCUBA half-degree extragalactic survey - II. Submillimetre maps, catalogue and number counts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : starburst; cosmology : observations; submillimetre ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; CLERK-MAXWELL-TELESCOPE; FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE; LEAST-SQUARES FIT; HIGH-REDSHIFT; RADIO-SOURCES; SUPER-MAP; SCUBA-8-MJY SURVEY; GALAXY POPULATION; SOURCE EXTRACTION AB We present maps, source catalogue and number counts of the largest, most complete and unbiased extragalactic submillimetre survey: the 850-mu m SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES). Using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), SHADES mapped two separate regions of sky: the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field (SXDF) and the Lockman Hole East (LH). Encompassing 93 per cent of the overall acquired data (i.e. data taken up to 2004 February 1), these SCUBA maps cover 720 arcmin(2) with a rms noise level of about 2 mJy and have uncovered > 100 submillimetre galaxies. In order to ensure the utmost robustness of the resulting source catalogue, data reduction was independently carried out by four subgroups within the SHADES team, providing an unprecedented degree of reliability with respect to other SCUBA catalogues available from the literature. Individual source lists from the four groups were combined to produce a robust 120-object SHADES catalogue; an invaluable resource for follow-up campaigns aiming to study the properties of a complete and consistent sample of submillimetre galaxies. For the first time, we present deboosted flux densities for each submillimetre galaxy found in a large survey. Extensive simulations and tests were performed separately by each group in order to confirm the robustness of the source candidates and to evaluate the effects of false detections, completeness and flux density boosting. Corrections for these effects were then applied to the data to derive the submillimetre galaxy source counts. SHADES has a high enough number of detected sources that meaningful differential counts can be estimated, unlike most submillimetre surveys which have to consider integral counts. We present differential and integral source number counts and find that the differential counts are better fit with a broken power law or a Schechter function than with a single power law; the SHADES data alone significantly show that a break is required at several mJy, although the precise position of the break is not well constrained. We also find that a 850-mu m survey complete down to 2 mJy would resolve 20-30 per cent of the far-infrared background into point sources. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt Elect, Puebla 72000, Mexico. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Ctr Astrophy & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CSIC, IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Osserv Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Royal Observ, UK ATC, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Padua, Dept Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astrophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Coppin, K (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM coppin@physics.ubc.ca RI Oliver, Seb/A-2479-2013; Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Gaztanaga, Enrique/L-4894-2014; OI Alexander, David/0000-0002-5896-6313; Oliver, Seb/0000-0001-7862-1032; Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Gaztanaga, Enrique/0000-0001-9632-0815; Granato, Gian Luigi/0000-0002-4480-6909; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Jenness, Tim/0000-0001-5982-167X NR 74 TC 311 Z9 311 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 4 BP 1621 EP 1652 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10961.x PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099VU UT WOS:000241626100016 ER PT J AU Benko, JM Bakos, GA Nuspl, J AF Benko, J. M. Bakos, G. A. Nuspl, J. TI Multicolour CCD photometry of the variable stars in globular cluster M3 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; stars : individual : RR Lyrae; stars : variables : other; globular clusters : individual : M3 ID RR-LYRAE STARS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; IMAGE-SUBTRACTION; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; NONRADIAL PULSATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY STATUS; SEARCH; IDENTIFICATION; INVENTORY AB We present time-series data on the variable stars of the galactic globular cluster Messier 3 (M3). We give BVIC light curves for 226 RR Lyrae, 2 SX Phe and 1 W Vir type variables, along with estimated fundamental photometric parameters such as intensity and magnitude-averaged brightness and pulsation periods. In some cases, the periods we have found significantly differ from the previously published ones. This is the first published light curve and period determination for variable V266. The I-band light curve has not been observed previously for numerous (76) variables. Three new RR Lyrae variables have been discovered. Groups of RR Lyrae variables that belong to different evolutionary stages and have been separated previously on the basis of V data were found here for all colours and colour indices by cluster analysis. The I-band period-luminosity relation is also discussed. From the 66 modulated (Blazhko type) RR Lyrae stars we investigated, six are newly identified and two of them are first overtone pulsators. In the case of 13 RR Lyrae, the period of Blazhko cycle has been estimated for the first time. V252 is identified as a new RRd variable. Amplitude ratios of RRd stars have been investigated to search possible mode content changes. In contrast to previous publications no changes have been found. Problems with the sampling of the time-series of typical cluster variability surveys are demonstrated. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Benko, JM (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, POB 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM benko@konkoly.hu OI Benko, Jozsef/0000-0003-3851-6603 NR 75 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 4 BP 1657 EP 1674 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10953.x PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099VU UT WOS:000241626100018 ER PT J AU Rebusco, P Churazov, E Bohringer, H Forman, W AF Rebusco, P. Churazov, E. Boehringer, H. Forman, W. TI Effect of turbulent diffusion on iron abundance profiles SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diffusion; turbulence; galaxies : abundances ID BRIGHTEST CLUSTER MEMBERS; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; GALAXY GROUP NGC-5044; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPHASE HOT GAS; PERSEUS CLUSTER; CENTAURUS CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; COOLING FLOWS AB We compare the observed peaked iron abundance profiles for a small sample of groups and clusters with the predictions of a simple model involving the metal ejection from the brightest galaxy and the subsequent diffusion of metals by stochastic gas motions. Extending the analysis of Rebusco et al., we found that for five out of eight objects in the sample an effective diffusion coefficient of the order of 10(29) cm(2) s(-1) is needed. For AWM4, Centaurus and AWM7 the results are different suggesting substantial intermittence in the process of metal spreading across the cluster. There is no obvious dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the mass of the system. We also estimated the characteristic velocities and the spatial scales of the gas motions needed to balance the cooling losses by the dissipation of the same gas motions. A comparison of the derived spatial scales and the sizes of observed radio bubbles inflated in the ICM by a central active galactic nucleus (AGN) suggests that the AGN/ICM interaction makes an important (if not a dominant) contribution to the gas motions in the cluster cores. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Inst Space Res, IKI, Moscow 117810, Russia. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rebusco, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM pao@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 97 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 4 BP 1840 EP 1850 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10977.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099VU UT WOS:000241626100034 ER PT J AU Shapley, AE Steidel, CC Pettini, M Adelberger, KL Erb, DK AF Shapley, Alice E. Steidel, Charles C. Pettini, Max Adelberger, Kurt L. Erb, Dawn K. TI The direct detection of lyman continuum emission from star-forming galaxies at z similar to 3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; diffuse radiation; galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium ID ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LY-ALPHA FOREST; BREAK GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLUMPY UNIVERSE; IONIZING-RADIATION; OB ASSOCIATIONS; ESCAPE AB We present the results of rest-frame UV spectroscopic observations of a sample of 14z similar to 3 star-forming galaxies in the SSA 22a field. These spectra are characterized by unprecedented depth in the Lyman continuum region. For the first time, we have detected escaping ionizing radiation from individual galaxies at high redshift, with 2 of the 14 objects showing significant emission below the Lyman limit. We also measured the ratio of emergent flux density at 1500 8 to that in the Lyman continuum region, for the individual detections (C49 and D3) and the sample average. If a correction for the average IGM opacity is applied to the spectra of the objects C49 and D3, we ;find f(1500)/f(900),(corr),(C49) = 4.5 and f(1500)/f(900),(corr),(D3) = 2.9. The average emergent flux density ratio in our sample is < f(1500)/f(900); corr > = 22, implying an escape fraction similar to 4.5 times lower than inferred from the composite spectrum from Steidel and coworkers. If this new estimate is representative of LBGs, their contribution to the metagalactic ionizing radiation field is J(v)(900) similar to 2.6 x 10(-22) ergs s(-1) cm(-2) Hz(-1) sr(-1), comparable to the contribution of optically selected quasars at the same redshift. The sum of the contributions from galaxies and quasars is consistent with recent estimates of the level of the ionizing background at z similar to 3, inferred from the H I Ly alpha forest optical depth. There is significant variance among the emergent far-UV spectra in our sample, yet the factors controlling the detection or nondetection of Lyman continuum emission from galaxies are not well determined. Because we do not yet understand the source of this variance, significantly larger samples will be required to obtain robust constraints on the galaxy contribution to the ionizing background at z similar to 3 and beyond. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. McKinsey & Co Inc, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shapley, AE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall,Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 52 TC 226 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 688 EP 703 DI 10.1086/507511 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000008 ER PT J AU Brodwin, M Brown, MJI Ashby, MLN Bian, C Brand, K Dey, A Eisenhardt, PR Eisenstein, DJ Gonzalez, AH Huang, JS Jannuzi, BT Kochanek, CS McKenzie, E Murray, SS Pahre, MA Smith, HA Soifer, BT Stanford, SA Stern, D Elston, RJ AF Brodwin, M. Brown, M. J. I. Ashby, M. L. N. Bian, C. Brand, K. Dey, A. Eisenhardt, P. R. Eisenstein, D. J. Gonzalez, A. H. Huang, J. -S. Jannuzi, B. T. Kochanek, C. S. McKenzie, E. Murray, S. S. Pahre, M. A. Smith, H. A. Soifer, B. T. Stanford, S. A. Stern, D. Elston, R. J. TI Photometric redshifts in the IRAC Shallow Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (ISCS J1434.5+3427); galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : photometry; methods : statistical ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION SYNTHESIS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; X-RAY SURVEY; DEEP FIELDS; HUBBLE; XBOOTES; CATALOG AB Accurate photometric redshifts are calculated for nearly 200,000 galaxies to a 4.5 mu m flux limit of similar to 13 mu Jy in the 8.5 deg(2) Spitzer IRAC Shallow Survey. Using a hybrid photometric redshift algorithm incorporating both neural net and template-fitting techniques, calibrated with over 15,000 spectroscopic redshifts, a redshift accuracy of sigma = 0.06(1 + z) is achieved for 95% of galaxies at 0 < z < 1.5. The accuracy is sigma = 0.12(1 + z) for 95% of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 0 < z < 3. Redshift probability functions, central to several ongoing studies of the galaxy population, are computed for the full sample. We demonstrate that these functions accurately represent the true redshift probability density, allowing the calculation of valid confidence intervals for all objects. These probability functions have already been used to successfully identify a population of Spitzer-selected high-redshift (z > 1) galaxy clusters. We present one such spectroscopically confirmed cluster at < z > = 1.24, ISCS J1434.5+3427. Finally, we present a measurement of the 4.5 mu m-selected galaxy redshift distribution. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brodwin, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mark.brodwin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137 NR 61 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 791 EP 803 DI 10.1086/507838 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000017 ER PT J AU Caldwell, N AF Caldwell, Nelson TI Color-magnitude diagrams of resolved stars in Virgo Cluster dwarf galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (Virgo cluster); galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : stellar content ID RED GIANT BRANCH; STELLAR POPULATIONS; DISTANCE INDICATOR; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; SPHEROIDAL COMPANIONS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; WFPC2 OBSERVATIONS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; HUBBLE CONSTANT AB The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has been used to image two fields in the core of the Virgo Cluster that contain a number of dwarf elliptical galaxies. The combined F555W and F814W images have resolved red giant stars in these galaxies, down to 1 mag below the giant branch tip. Two of the galaxies were targeted because of their extremely low central surface brightnesses (B-o > 27.0); thus, the successful resolution into stars confirms the existence of such tenuous galaxies. Red giant stars were also found that are not ostensibly associated with any galaxy. Color-magnitude diagrams in V and I have been derived for the five dwarfs, as well as the halo of a nearby spiral galaxy and the intracluster stars in the two fields. These diagrams were used to derive distances and metallicities via the magnitude of the red giant branch tip, and the mean color of the giant branch. The mean abundances of stars in the dwarfs range from -1.2 < [Fe/H] < -2.4, and fall along the relation between galaxy luminosity and metallicity found for Local Group and M81 group dwarf elliptical galaxies. [Fe/H] does not appear to be well-correlated with galaxy surface brightness, as the two extremely low surface brightness galaxies do not have extreme abundances. The mean distance modulus of the six Virgo galaxies is 31.0 +/- 0.05, or 16.1 +/- 0.4 Mpc, whereas that for the intracluster stars in those fields is 31.2 +/- 0.09 (17.4 +/- 0.7 Mpc). C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Caldwell, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM caldwell@cfa.harvard.edu NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 822 EP 834 DI 10.1086/507825 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000020 ER PT J AU Dunham, MM Evans, NJ Bourke, TL Dullemond, CP Young, CH Brooke, TY Chapman, N Myers, PC Porras, A Spiesman, W Teuben, PJ Wahhaj, Z AF Dunham, Michael M. Evans, Neal J., II Bourke, Tyler L. Dullemond, Cornelis P. Young, Chadwick H. Brooke, Timothy Y. Chapman, Nicholas Myers, Philip C. Porras, Alicia Spiesman, William Teuben, Peter J. Wahhaj, Zahed TI The Spitzer c2d survey of nearby dense cores. I. First direct detection of the embedded source in IRAM 04191+1522 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (IRAM 04191+1522); stars : formation; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID MASS STAR-FORMATION; SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; SPACE-TELESCOPE; PROTOSTELLAR CORES; PROTOSTARS; TAURUS; OUTFLOW; DISKS AB We report the first detections of the Class 0 protostellar source IRAM 04191+1522 at wavelengths shortward of 60 mu m with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We see extended emission in the Spitzer images that suggests the presence of an outflow cavity in the circumstellar envelope. We combine the Spitzer observations with existing data to form a complete data set ranging from 3.6 to 1300 mu m and use these data to construct radiative transfer models of the source. We conclude that the internal luminosity of IRAM 04191+1522, defined to be the sum of the luminosity from the internal sources (a star and a disk), is L-int = 0.08 +/- 0.04 L-circle dot, placing it among the lowest luminosity protostars known. Although it was discovered before the launch of the Spitzer Space Telescope, IRAM 04191+1522 falls within a new class of very low luminosity objects being discovered by Spitzer. Unlike the two other well-studied objects in this class, which are associated either with weak, compact outflows or no outflows at all, IRAM 04191+1522 has a well-defined molecular outflow with properties consistent with those expected based on relations derived from higher luminosity (L-int >= 1 L-circle dot) protostars. We discuss the difficulties in understanding IRAM 04191+1522 in the context of the standard model of star formation and suggest a possible explanation for the very low luminosity of this source. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Thiboudaux, LA 70301 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. INAOE, Tonantzintla, Pue, Mexico. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Dunham, MM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, 1 Univ Stn,C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mdunham@astro.as.utexas.edu OI Dullemond, Cornelis/0000-0002-7078-5910 NR 60 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 945 EP 959 DI 10.1086/508051 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000030 ER PT J AU Heinke, CO Wijnands, R Cohn, HN Lugger, PM Grindlay, JE Pooley, D Lewin, WHG AF Heinke, C. O. Wijnands, R. Cohn, H. N. Lugger, P. M. Grindlay, J. E. Pooley, D. Lewin, W. H. G. TI Faint X-ray sources in the globular cluster Terzan 5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : individual (Terzan 5); novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; NEUTRON-STAR; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER-47 TUCANAE; MILLISECOND PULSAR; GALACTIC-CENTER; POINT SOURCES; CHANDRA; MASS AB We report our analysis of a Chandra X-ray observation of the rich globular cluster Terzan 5, in which we detect 50 sources to a limiting 1.0-6 keV X-ray luminosity of 3; 1031 ergs s(-1) within the half-mass radius of the cluster. Thirty-three of these have L-X > 1032 ergs s(-1), the largest number yet seen in any globular cluster. In addition to the quiescent low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB; identified by Wijnands et al.), another 12 relatively soft sources may be quiescent LMXBs. We compare the X-ray colors of the harder sources in Terzan 5 to the Galactic center sources studied by Muno and collaborators and find the Galactic center sources to have harder X-ray colors, indicating a possible difference in the populations. We cannot clearly identify a metallicity dependence in the production of low-luminosity X-ray binaries in Galactic globular clusters, but a metallicity dependence of the form suggested by Jordan et al. for extragalactic LMXBs is consistent with our data. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cheinke@northwestern.edu OI Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 NR 68 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 1098 EP 1111 DI 10.1086/507884 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000044 ER PT J AU Pascucci, I Gorti, U Hollenbach, D Najita, J Meyer, MR Carpenter, JM Hillenbrand, LA Herczeg, GJ Padgett, DL Mamajek, EE Silverstone, MD Schlingman, WM Kim, JS Stobie, EB Bouwman, J Wolf, S Rodmann, J Hines, DC Lunine, J Malhotra, R AF Pascucci, I. Gorti, U. Hollenbach, D. Najita, J. Meyer, M. R. Carpenter, J. M. Hillenbrand, L. A. Herczeg, G. J. Padgett, D. L. Mamajek, E. E. Silverstone, M. D. Schlingman, W. M. Kim, J. S. Stobie, E. B. Bouwman, J. Wolf, S. Rodmann, J. Hines, D. C. Lunine, J. Malhotra, R. TI Formation and evolution of planetary systems: Upper limits to the gas mass in disks around Sun-like stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems : formation; solar system : formation ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; FINAL ARCHIVE SPECTRA; YOUNG STARS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; H-2 EMISSION; DEBRIS DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS AB We have carried out a sensitive search for gas emission lines at IR and millimeter wavelengths for a sample of 15 young Sun-like stars selected from our dust disk survey with Spitzer. We have used mid-IR lines to trace the warm (300-100 K) gas in the inner disk and millimeter transitions of (CO)-C-12 to probe the cold (similar to 20 K) outer disk. We report no gas line detections from our sample. Line flux upper limits are first converted to warm and cold gas mass limits using simple approximations allowing a direct comparison with values from the literature. We also present results from more sophisticated models following Gorti & Hollenbach that confirm and extend our simple analysis. These models show that the [S-I]25.23 mu m line can set constraining limits on the gas surface density at the disk inner radius and traces disk regions up to a few AU. We find that none of the 15 systems have more than 0.04M(J) of gas within a few AU from the disk inner radius for disk radii from 1 to similar to 40 AU. These gas mass upper limits even in the eight systems younger than similar to 30 Myr suggest that most of the gas is dispersed early. The gas mass upper limits in the 10-40 AU region, which is mainly traced by our CO data, are < 2 M-circle plus. If these systems are analogs of the solar system, they either have already formed Uranus- and Neptune-like planets or will not form them beyond 100 Myr. Finally, the gas surface density upper limits at 1 AU are smaller than 0.01% of the minimum mass solar nebula for most of the sources. If terrestrial planets form frequently and their orbits are circularized by gas, then circularization occurs early. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pascucci, I (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Malhotra, Renu/0000-0002-1226-3305 NR 93 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 1177 EP 1193 DI 10.1086/507761 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000052 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zhang, QZ Rathborne, JM Jackson, J Wu, YF AF Wang, Yang Zhang, Qizhou Rathborne, Jill M. Jackson, James Wu, Yuefang TI Water masers associated with infrared dark cloud cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; H2O MASERS; STAR-FORMATION; IRAS SOURCES; AMMONIA; SAMPLE; CANDIDATES; PRECURSORS AB We present a survey of the 6(16)-5(23) H2O maser transition toward a sample of 140 compact cores in infrared dark clouds using the Very Large Array. Strong (> 1 Jy) H2O maser emission was found associated with 17 cores, indicative of star formation in these cores. We infer that the cores with H2O masers have embedded protostars. Cores associated with maser emission have masses of 12 to M-circle dot, similar to the mass range in the entire sample. The H2O maser detection rate (12%) toward the compact, cold cores is much lower than that toward high-mass protostellar objects and ultracompact H (II) regions. The detection rate of H2O masers is significantly higher for higher mass cores than for lower mass cores. We suggest that some of the most massive infrared dark cloud cores without H2O maser emission are at an evolutionary stage earlier than the protostellar phases. They are prime candidates for high-mass starless cores. C1 Peking Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, CAS, PKU, Joint Beijing Astrophys Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Astron, 5 Haidan Lu, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP L125 EP L128 DI 10.1086/508939 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PR UT WOS:000241825100012 ER PT J AU Klein, M Novikova, I Phillips, DF Walsworth, RL AF Klein, M. Novikova, I. Phillips, D. F. Walsworth, R. L. TI Slow light in paraffin-coated Rb vapour cells SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2006 CL Snowbird, UT ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETERS; RELAXATION; ENSEMBLES AB Preliminary results from an experimental study of slow light in anti-relaxation-coated Rb vapour cells are presented, and the construction and testing of such cells are described. The slow ground state decoherence rate allowed by coated cell walls leads to a dual-structured electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum with a very narrow (< 100 Hz) transparency peak on top of a broad pedestal. Such dual-structured EIT permits optical probe pulses to propagate with greatly reduced group velocity on two time scales. Ongoing efforts to optimize the pulse delay in such coated cell systems are discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mklein@fas.harvard.edu RI Novikova, Irina/B-9041-2008 NR 31 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 53 IS 16-17 BP 2583 EP 2591 DI 10.1080/09500340600952135 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 098WD UT WOS:000241552600032 ER PT J AU Ward, P Labandeira, C Laurin, M Berner, RA AF Ward, Peter Labandeira, Conrad Laurin, Michel Berner, Robert A. TI Confirmation of Romer's Gap as a low oxygen interval constraining the timing of initial arthropod and vertebrate terrestrial ization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric O-2; paleozoic; tetrapods ID ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; EARLY TETRAPOD; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB The first terrestrialization of species that evolved from previously aquatic taxa was a seminal event in evolutionary history. For vertebrates, one of the most important terrestrialized groups, this event was interrupted by a time interval known as Romer's Gap, for which, until recently, few fossils were known. Here, we argue that geochronologic range data of terrestrial arthropods show a pattern similar to that of vertebrates. Thus, Romer's Gap is real, occupied an interval from 360 million years before present (MYBP) to 345 MYBP, and occurred when environmental conditions were unfavorable for air-breathing, terrestrial animals. These model results suggest that atmospheric oxygen levels were the major driver of successful terrestrialization, and a low-oxygen interval accounts for Romer's Gap. Results also show that terrestrialization among members of arthropod and vertebrate clades occurred in two distinct phases. The first phase was a 65-million-year (My) interval from 425 to 360 MYBP, representing an earlier, prolonged event of complete arthropod terrestrialization of smaller-sized forms (425-385 MYBP) and a subsequent, modest, and briefer event of incipient terrestrialization of larger-sized, aquatic vertebrates (385-360 MYBP). The second phase began at 345 MYBP, characterized by numerous new terrestrial species emerging in both major clades. The first and second terrestrialization phases bracket Romer's Gap, which represents a depauperate spectrum of major arthropod and vertebrate taxa before a major Late Paleozoic colonization of terrestrial habitats. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Paris 06, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Format Rech Evolut 2696, F-75005 Paris, France. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Ward, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM argo@u.washington.edu; robert.berner@yale.edu RI Laurin, Michel/B-7884-2008 OI Laurin, Michel/0000-0003-2974-9835 NR 37 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 45 BP 16818 EP 16822 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607824103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 104PB UT WOS:000241969500036 PM 17065318 ER PT J AU Gerardo, NM Mueller, UG Currie, CR AF Gerardo, Nicole M. Mueller, Ulrich G. Currie, Cameron R. TI Complex host-pathogen coevolution in the Apterostigma fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY PROKARYOTIC ENDOSYMBIONTS; EVOLUTION; COSPECIATION; DNA; AGRICULTURE; MUTUALISM; PARASITES; INSECTS AB Background: The fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis consists of coevolving microbial mutualists and pathogens. The diverse fungal lineages that these ants cultivate are attacked by parasitic microfungi of the genus Escovopsis. Previous molecular analyses have demonstrated strong phylogenetic congruence between the ants, the ants-cultivated fungi and the garden pathogen Escovopsis at ancient phylogenetic levels, suggesting coevolution of these symbionts. However, few studies have explored cophylogenetic patterns between these symbionts at the recent phylogenetic levels necessary to address whether these parasites are occasionally switching to novel hosts or whether they are diversifying with their hosts as a consequence of long-term host fidelity. Results: Here, a more extensive phylogenetic analysis of Escovopsis lineages infecting the gardens of Apterostigma ants demonstrates that these pathogens display patterns of phylogenetic congruence with their fungal hosts. Particular clades of Escovopsis track particular clades of cultivated fungi, and closely-related Escovopsis generally infect closely-related hosts. Discordance between host and parasite phylogenies, however, provides the first evidence for occasional hostswitches or acquisitions of novel infections from the environment. Conclusion: The fungus-growing ant-microbe association has a complex coevolutionary history. Though there is clear evidence of host-specificity on the part of diverse Escovopsis lineages, these pathogens have switched occasionally to novel host fungi. Such switching is likely to have profound effects on how these host and parasites adapt to one another over evolutionary time scales and may impact how disease spreads over ecological time scales. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gerardo, NM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ngerardo@email.arizona.edu; umueller@mail.utexas.edu; currie@bact.wisc.edu NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 88 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-6-88 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 105GD UT WOS:000242017500001 PM 17083733 ER PT J AU Alexander, S AF Alexander, Sara TI Demons in Eden SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Alexander, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alexandersar@si.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5800 BP 763 EP 763 DI 10.1126/science.1133761 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 101GR UT WOS:000241729800025 ER PT J AU Worm, B Barbier, EB Beaumont, N Duffy, JE Folke, C Halpern, BS Jackson, JBC Lotze, HK Micheli, F Palumbi, SR Sala, E Selkoe, KA Stachowicz, JJ Watson, R AF Worm, Boris Barbier, Edward B. Beaumont, Nicola Duffy, J. Emmett Folke, Carl Halpern, Benjamin S. Jackson, Jeremy B. C. Lotze, Heike K. Micheli, Fiorenza Palumbi, Stephen R. Sala, Enric Selkoe, Kimberley A. Stachowicz, John J. Watson, Reg TI Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; RECOVERY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Human-dominated marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating loss of populations and species, with largely unknown consequences. We analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. Overall, rates of resource collapse increased and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponentially with declining diversity. Restoration of biodiversity, in contrast, increased productivity fourfold and decreased variability by 21%, on average. We conclude that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations. Yet available data suggest that at this point, these trends are still reversible. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Int Inst Ecol Econ, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Worm, B (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM bworm@dal.ca RI Watson, Reg/F-4850-2012; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 28 TC 1596 Z9 1662 U1 162 U2 1659 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5800 BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1126/science.1132294 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 101GR UT WOS:000241729800037 PM 17082450 ER PT J AU van Donkelaar, A Martin, RV Park, RJ AF van Donkelaar, Aaron Martin, Randall V. Park, Rokjin J. TI Estimating ground-level PM2.5 using aerosol optical depth determined from satellite remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; EMISSION DATA; ART.; MODIS; QUALITY; AERONET; TRANSPORT AB We assess the relationship of ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations for 2000-2001 measured as part of the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network and the U. S. Air Quality System (AQS), versus remote-sensed PM2.5 determined from aerosol optical depths (AOD) measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) satellite instruments. A global chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM) is used to simulate the factors affecting the relation between AOD and PM2.5. AERONET AOD is used to evaluate the method (r=0.71, N=48, slope=0.69). We find significant spatial variation of the annual mean ground-based measurements with PM2.5 determined from MODIS (r=0.69, N=199, slope=0.82) and MISR (r=0.58, N=199, slope=0.57). Excluding California significantly increases the respective slopes and correlations. The relative vertical profile of aerosol extinction is the most important factor affecting the spatial relationship between satellite and surface measurements of PM2.5; neglecting this parameter would reduce the spatial correlation to 0.36. In contrast, temporal variation in AOD is the most influential parameter affecting the temporal relationship between satellite and surface measurements of PM2.5; neglecting daily variation in this parameter would decrease the correlation in eastern North America from 0.5-0.8 to less than 0.2. Other simulated aerosol properties, such as effective radius and extinction efficiency have a minor role temporally, but do influence the spatial correlation. Global mapping of PM2.5 from both MODIS and MISR reveals annual mean concentrations of 40-50 ug/m(3) over northern India and China. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Donkelaar, A (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM adonkela@dal.ca RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234 NR 41 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 8 U2 81 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 2 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21201 DI 10.1029/2005JD006996 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103DQ UT WOS:000241866300001 ER PT J AU Megyesi, MS Ubelaker, DH Sauer, NJ AF Megyesi, Mary S. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Sauer, Norman J. TI Test of the Lamendin aging method on two historic skeletal samples SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spitalfields; St. Bride's; age estimation; root translucency ID ROOT DENTIN TRANSPARENCY; AGE ESTIMATION; HUMAN TEETH; TRANSLUCENCY; REMAINS; HUMANS; ADULTS; DEATH AB The Lamendin aging method involves the quantification of root translucency and the attachment position of the periodontal membrane. It was developed using recent medical-examiner specimens, and was tested on modern skeletal samples such as the Terry Collection (Lamendin et al. [1992] J. Forensic Sci. 37:1373-1379; Prince and Ubelaker [2002] J. Forensic Sci. 47:107-116). The method may be one of the most useful for estimating age after the mid-30s. The current study is an evaluation of the Lamendin criteria on two historic skeletal samples from Britain. Both the Christ's Church Spitalfields and St. Bride's Church collections represent documented skeletal samples that were interred in the 18th and 19th centuries. In total, 1,188 teeth from 220 adult individuals were examined from these two collections. The Lamendin method requires measuring total root length (cementoenamel junction to apex), gingival regression (cementoenamel junction to periodontal ligament attachment), and root translucency (root apex to maximum level of root translucency) on the labial surface of single-rooted teeth. Our results indicate that postmortem factors affect the applicability of the Lamendin technique to archaeological and historical samples. In particular, root translucency disappears with time, or is obscured by unknown postmortem taphonomic effects related to the length of interment or postmortem environment. Thirty-five percent of our sample showed no root translucency, indicating that caution is required when applying this method to archaeological or historical remains. The mean error of age estimates for Spitalfields and St. Bride's was higher than in the original study of Lamendin et al. ([1992] J. Forensic Sci. 37: 1373-1379), and higher than in the test by Prince and Ubelaker ([2002] J. Forensic Sci. 47:107-116) of the Lamendin method on the Terry Collection. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anthropol, E Lansing, MI 48910 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Megyesi, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 354 Baker Hall, E Lansing, MI 48910 USA. EM megyesim@msu.edu NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20446 PG 5 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 094MK UT WOS:000241243300007 PM 16617435 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, AM Daszak, P Kramer, L Marra, PP Dobson, AP Hudson, PJ Dhondt, A Jones, MJ Peters, RJ Newhouse, M AF Kilpatrick, A. Marm Daszak, Peter Kramer, Laura Marra, Peter P. Dobson, Andrew P. Hudson, Peter J. Dhondt, Andre Jones, Matthew J. Peters, Ryan J. Newhouse, Michael TI Predicting the transmission of West Nile virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 16802 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 22030 USA. Penn State Univ, Univ Pk, University Pk, PA USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 477 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900478 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Castro, BA Way, MO Zatwarnicki, T AF Mathis, Wayne N. Castro, Boris A. Way, Michael O. Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz TI Discovery of the South American rice miner (Diptera : Ephydridae) in southeastern United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE shore flies; Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski; invasive species ID LEAF-MINER AB The South American rice miner, Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski (Diptera: Ephydridae), a recently discovered, invasive pest of rice, Oryza sativa L., is reported from southeastern United States (Louisiana and Texas). A detailed description and diagnosis with illustrations and photographs are provided to facilitate identification, along with descriptions of its damage as a miner in rice whorls, stems, and leaves. The localities where this invasive species has been found in Louisiana and Texas are provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, NHB 169,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathis@si.edu; zatwar@uni.opole.pl OI Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz/0000-0003-2163-0143 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1005 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[999:DOTSAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105ME UT WOS:000242033400002 ER PT J AU Trinidad, MA Curiel, S Torrelles, JM Rodriguez, LF Migenes, V Patel, N AF Trinidad, Miguel A. Curiel, Salvador Torrelles, Jose M. Rodriguez, Luis F. Migenes, Victor Patel, Nimesh TI Interferometric observations toward the high-mass young stellar object IRAS 23139+5939: Radio continuum and water maser emission SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (IRAS 23139+5939); ISM : jets and outflows; masers; stars : formation ID 1.3 CM CONTINUUM; CEPHEUS-A HW2; H2O MASER; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; IRAS 20126+4104; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; PROPER MOTIONS; JET; DISK AB We present simultaneous interferometric observations of continuum (3.5 and 1.3 cm) and water maser line emission (1.3 cm) carried out with the A configuration of the Very Large Array (VLA) toward the high-mass object IRAS 23139+5939. We detected two radio continuum sources at 3.5 cm separated by similar to 0"5 (similar to 2400 AU), I23139 and I23139S, the latter being a new detection. I23139 is also detected at 1.3 cm. We also detected a cluster of water masers toward these two VLA sources, obtaining an accuracy of the order of similar to 10 mas in the relative positions between the radio continuum emission and the H(2)O masers. In addition, based on the observed continuum flux density and the spectral index, we suggest that I23139 is a thermal radio jet associated with a high-mass young stellar object. This jet appears to be the best candidate for the driving source of the more spatially extended molecular outflow observed in the region. On the other hand, based on the spatiokinematical distribution of the water masers, together with the continuum emission information, we speculate that I23139S is also a jet source powering some of the masers detected in the region. C1 Univ Guanajuato, Dept Astron, Guanajuato 36240, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Astron Inst, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencias Espacio, CSIC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Fac Fis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Trinidad, MA (reprint author), Univ Guanajuato, Dept Astron, Apartado Postal 144, Guanajuato 36240, Mexico. RI Migenes, Victor/F-3157-2015; OI Migenes, Victor/0000-0002-7990-2191; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1918 EP 1922 DI 10.1086/507127 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500016 ER PT J AU Young, CH Bourke, TL Young, KE Evans, NJ Jorgensen, JK Shirley, YL Van Dishoeck, EF Hogerheijde, M AF Young, Chadwick H. Bourke, Tyler L. Young, Kaisa E. Evans, Neal J., II Jorgensen, Jes K. Shirley, Yancy L. Van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Hogerheijde, Michiel TI Submillimeter common-user bolometer array mapping of Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID MASS STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DARK CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; CONTINUUM EMISSION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; ASSOCIATION; SCUBA; DISTANCE; PERSEUS AB We present submillimeter observations of dark clouds that are part of the Spitzer Legacy program "From Molecular Cores to Planet-Forming Disks'' (c2d). We used the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array to map the regions observed by Spitzer with the c2d program to create a census of dense molecular cores including data from the infrared to the submillimeter. In this paper we present the basic data from these observations: maps, fluxes, and source attributes. We also show data for an object just outside the Perseus cloud that was serendipitously observed in our program. We propose that this object is a newly discovered evolved protostar. C1 Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Young, CH (reprint author), Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, POB 2022, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1998 EP 2013 DI 10.1086/507334 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500026 ER PT J AU Blum, RD Mould, JR Olsen, KA Frogel, JA Werner, M Meixner, M Markwick-Kemper, F Indebetouw, R Whitney, B Meade, M Babler, B Churchwell, EB Gordon, K Engelbracht, C For, BQ Misselt, K Vijh, U Leitherer, C Volk, K Points, S Reach, W Hora, JL Bernard, JP Boulanger, F Bracker, S Cohen, M Fukui, Y Gallagher, J Gorjian, V Harris, J Kelly, D Kawamura, A Latter, WB Madden, S Mizuno, A Mizuno, N Nota, A Oey, MS Onishi, T Paladini, R Panagia, N Perez-Gonzalez, P Shibai, H Sato, S Smith, L Staveley-Smith, L Tielens, AGGM Ueta, T Van Dyk, S Zaritsky, D AF Blum, R. D. Mould, J. R. Olsen, K. A. Frogel, J. A. Werner, M. Meixner, M. Markwick-Kemper, F. Indebetouw, R. Whitney, B. Meade, M. Babler, B. Churchwell, E. B. Gordon, K. Engelbracht, C. For, B. -Q. Misselt, K. Vijh, U. Leitherer, C. Volk, K. Points, S. Reach, W. Hora, J. L. Bernard, J. -P. Boulanger, F. Bracker, S. Cohen, M. Fukui, Y. Gallagher, J. Gorjian, V. Harris, J. Kelly, D. Kawamura, A. Latter, W. B. Madden, S. Mizuno, A. Mizuno, N. Nota, A. Oey, M. S. Onishi, T. Paladini, R. Panagia, N. Perez-Gonzalez, P. Shibai, H. Sato, S. Smith, L. Staveley-Smith, L. Tielens, A. G. G. M. Ueta, T. Van Dyk, S. Zaritsky, D. TI Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. II. Evolved stars and infrared color-magnitude diagrams SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; Magellanic Clouds; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : carbon; stars : mass loss ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; MASS-LOSS RATES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CARBON STARS; FORMATION HISTORY; RED SUPERGIANTS; GALACTIC PLANE; SOUTHERN SKY; ARRAY CAMERA; AGB STARS AB Color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) are presented for the Spitzer SAGE (Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution) survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). IRAC and MIPS 24 mu m epoch 1 data are presented. These data represent the deepest, widest mid-infrared CMDs of their kind ever produced in the LMC. Combined with the Two Micron All Sky Survey, the diagrams are used to delineate the evolved stellar populations in the LMC, as well as Galactic foreground and extragalactic background populations. Some 32,000 evolved stars brighter than the tip of the red giant branch are identified. Of these, approximately 17,500 are classified as oxygen-rich, 7000 as carbon-rich, and another 1200 as "extreme'' asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Brighter members of the latter group have been called "obscured'' AGB stars in the literature owing to their dusty circumstellar envelopes. A large number (1200) of luminous oxygen-rich AGB stars/M supergiants are also identified. Finally, there is strong evidence from the 24 mu m MIPS channel that previously unexplored, lower luminosity oxygen-rich AGB stars contribute significantly to the mass-loss budget of the LMC (1200 such sources are identified). C1 Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Assoc Univ Res Astron Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Space Sci Inst, Madison, WI 53716 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. CALTECH, NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Blum, RD (reprint author), Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Kemper, Francisca/D-8688-2011; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/J-2871-2016; OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Kemper, Francisca/0000-0003-2743-8240; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0003-4528-5639; Babler, Brian/0000-0002-6984-5752; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 48 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 2034 EP 2045 DI 10.1086/508227 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500029 ER PT J AU Willner, SP Coil, AL Goss, WM Ashby, MLN Barmby, P Huang, JS Ivison, R Koo, DC Egami, E Miyazaki, S AF Willner, S. P. Coil, A. L. Goss, W. M. Ashby, M. L. N. Barmby, P. Huang, J. -S. Ivison, R. Koo, D. C. Egami, E. Miyazaki, Satoshi TI Mid-infrared identification of 6 cm radio-source counterparts in the extended Groth Strip SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : general; galaxies : high-redshift; infrared : galaxies radio; continuum : galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; X-RAY SOURCES; SOURCE POPULATION; GALAXIES; SAMPLE; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new 6 cm survey of almost 0.6 deg(2) to a limit of 0.55 mJy beam(-1) (10 sigma) finds 37 isolated radio sources and seven radio-source pairs (not necessarily physical companions). Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) counterparts are identified for at least 92% of the radio sources within the area of deep IRAC coverage, which includes 31 isolated sources and six pairs. This contrasts with an identification rate of < 74% to R < 23.95 in visible light. Eight of the IRAC galaxies have power-law spectral energy distributions, implying that the mid-infrared emission comes from a powerful active galactic nucleus (AGN). The remaining 26 IRAC galaxies show stellar emission in the mid-infrared, probably in most of these galaxies because the stellar emission is bright enough to outshine an underlying AGN. The infrared colors suggest that the majority of these galaxies are bulge-dominated and have redshifts 0.5 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1. Visible spectra from the DEEP2 Redshift Survey, available for 11 galaxies, are consistent with this suggestion. The IRAC galaxies fall into two distinct groups in a color-magnitude diagram. One group (the "stripe'') includes all the AGNs. The other group (the "blue clump'') has blue 3.6-8 mu m colors and a small range of 8 mu m magnitudes. This separation should be useful in classifying galaxies found in other radio surveys. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Royal Observ, Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Willner, SP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 2159 EP 2170 DI 10.1086/508202 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500038 ER PT J AU Harris, WE Harris, GLH Barmby, P McLaughlin, DE Forbes, DA AF Harris, William E. Harris, Gretchen L. H. Barmby, Pauline McLaughlin, Dean E. Forbes, Duncan A. TI Structural parameters for globular clusters in NGC 5128. II. Hubble Space Telescope ACS imaging and new clusters SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : individual (NGC 5128); galaxies : star clusters ID FIELD WASHINGTON PHOTOMETRY; ULTRACOMPACT DWARF GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; VIRGO-CLUSTER; STAR-CLUSTERS; MILKY-WAY; NGC 5128; SYSTEM; POPULATION; HALO AB We report the first results from an imaging program with the ACS on the Hubble Space Telescope designed to measure the structural characteristics of a wide range of globular clusters in NGC 5128, the nearest giant elliptical galaxy. From 12 ACS WFC fields we have measured a total of 62 previously known globular clusters and have discovered 69 new high-probability cluster candidates not found in any previous work. We present magnitudes and color indices for all of these, along with rough measurements of their effective diameters and ellipticities. The luminosity distribution of this nearly uncontaminated sample of clusters matches well with the normal globular cluster luminosity function for giant elliptical galaxies, and the cluster scale size and ellipticity distributions are similar to those in the Milky Way system. The indication from this survey is that many hundreds of individual clusters remain to be found with carefully designed search techniques in the future. A very rough estimate of the total cluster population from our data suggests N(GC) similar or equal to 1500 in NGC 5128 over all magnitudes and within a projected radius R = 25' from the galaxy center. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Harris, WE (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM harris@physics.mcmaster.ca; glharris@astro.uwaterloo.ca; pbarmby@cfa.harvard.edu; dean.mclaughlin@astro.le.ac.uk; dforbes@astro.swin.edu.au RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 2187 EP 2197 DI 10.1086/507579 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500040 ER PT J AU Mamajek, EE AF Mamajek, Eric E. TI A new nearby candidate star cluster in ophiuchus at d similar or equal to 170 pc SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : general ID ETA-CHAMAELEONTIS CLUSTER; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTER; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; HIPPARCOS DATA; TAURI STARS; SOLAR; ASSOCIATION AB The recent discoveries of nearby star clusters and associations within a few hundred pc of the Sun, as well as the order of magnitude difference in the formation rates of the embedded and open cluster populations, suggests that additional poor stellar groups are likely to be found at surprisingly close distances to the Sun. Here I describe a new nearby stellar aggregate found by virtue of the parallel proper motions, similar trigonometric parallaxes, and consistent color-magnitude distribution of its early-type members. The 120 Myr old group lies in Ophiuchus at d similar or equal to 170 pc, with its most massive member being the 4th magnitude post-main-sequence B8 II-III star mu Oph. The group may have escaped previous notice due to its nonnegligible extinction (A(V) similar or equal to 0.9 mag). If the group was born with a normal initial mass function, and the nine B- and A-type systems represent a complete system of intermediate-mass stars, then the original population was probably of order similar to 200 systems. The age and space motion of the new cluster are very similar to those of the Pleiades, the alpha Per cluster, and the AB Dor moving group, suggesting that these aggregates may have formed in the same star-forming complex some similar to 10(8) yr ago. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mamajek, EE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 2198 EP 2205 DI 10.1086/508205 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500041 ER PT J AU Benedict, GF McArthur, BE Gatewood, G Nelan, E Cochran, WD Hatzes, A Endl, M Wittenmyer, R Baliunas, SL Walker, GAH Yang, S Kurster, M Els, S Paulson, DB AF Benedict, G. Fritz McArthur, Barbara E. Gatewood, George Nelan, Edmund Cochran, William D. Hatzes, Artie Endl, Michael Wittenmyer, Robert Baliunas, Sallie L. Walker, Gordon A. H. Yang, Stephenson Kuerster, Martin Els, Sebastian Paulson, Diane B. TI The extrasolar planet is an element of Eridani b: Orbit and mass SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; stars : distances; stars : individual (is an element of Eridani b); stars : late-type; techniques : interferometric; techniques : radial velocities ID HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; GUIDANCE SENSOR 3; VEGA-LIKE STARS; EPSILON-ERIDANI; GIANT PLANETS; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; ROBUST ESTIMATION; MAIN-SEQUENCE; LIGHT CURVES; AGE RELATION AB Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the nearby (3.22 pc) K2 V star epsilon Eridani have been combined with ground-based astrometric and radial velocity data to determine the mass of its known companion. We model the astrometric and radial velocity measurements simultaneously to obtain the parallax, proper motion, perturbation period, perturbation inclination, and perturbation size. Because of the long period of the companion, epsilon Eri b, we extend our astrometric coverage to a total of 14.94 yr (including the 3 yr span of the HST data) by including lower precision ground-based astrometry from the Allegheny Multichannel Astrometric Photometer. Radial velocities now span 1980.8-2006.3. We obtain a perturbation period, P = 6.85 +/- 0.03 yr, semimajor axis alpha = 1.88 +/- 0.20 mas, and inclination i = 30 degrees.1 +/- 3 degrees.8. This inclination is consistent with a previously measured dust disk inclination, suggesting coplanarity. Assuming a primary mass M-* = 0.83 M-circle dot, we obtain a companion mass M = 1.55M(J) +/- 0.24M(J). Given the relatively young age of epsilon Eri (similar to 800 Myr), this accurate exoplanet mass and orbit can usefully inform future direct-imaging attempts. We predict the next periastron at 2007.3 with a total separation rho = 0".3 at position angle P.A = -27 degrees. Orbit orientation and geometry dictate that epsilon Eri b will appear brightest in reflected light very nearly at periastron. Radial velocities spanning over 25 yr indicate an acceleration consistent with a Jupiter-mass object with a period in excess of 50 yr, possibly responsible for one feature of the dust morphology, the inner cavity. C1 Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Allegheny Observ, Pittsburgh, PA 15214 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Tautenburg Observ, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benedict, GF (reprint author), Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 65 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 2206 EP 2218 DI 10.1086/508323 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500042 ER PT J AU Brunken, S McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P Godfrey, PD Brown, RD AF Brunken, S. McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. Godfrey, P. D. Brown, R. D. TI Improved line frequencies for the nucleic acid base uracil for a radioastronomical search SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; line : identification; molecular data; astrochemistry; ISM : lines and bands; radio lines : ISM ID INTERSTELLAR GLYCOLALDEHYDE; CARBONACEOUS METEORITES; RIGOROUS ATTEMPT; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; NITROGEN; SPECTRA; SUGAR; MECHANISMS; GLYCINE AB Aims. We report new laboratory spectroscopic data on the rotational spectrum of the pyrimidine nucleic acid base uracil (C4H4N2O2). The dataset has been extended both into the microwave region and towards mm-wavelengths with the aim of providing accurate transition rest frequencies for astrophysical searches. Methods. The microwave measurements have been performed with a molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer in the frequency range from 9-19 GHz and the mm-wave band transitions have been recorded with a Stark-modulated free jet spectrometer up to 100 GHz. The global dataset has been analysed with a standard S-reduced Hamiltonian and precise spectroscopic parameters up to quartic order have been obtained. The hyperfine structure due to the two N-14 nuclei has been resolved in the microwave measurements and the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants could be derived to high accuracy. Results. Based on the new laboratory data and analysis, highly precise rotational transition rest frequencies are available for astrophysical important lines of uracil up to 300 GHz. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Brunken, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010; OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 459 IS 1 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065777 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102CT UT WOS:000241789100036 ER PT J AU Fish, VL Reid, MJ Menten, KM Pillai, T AF Fish, V. L. Reid, M. J. Menten, K. M. Pillai, T. TI Enhanced density and magnetic fields in interstellar OH masers SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE masers; stars : formation; ISM : magnetic fields; radio lines : ISM; HII regions; ISM : molecules ID STAR-FORMING-REGIONS; H-II REGIONS; FULL-POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS; HIGHLY EXCITED OH; HYDROXYL MASERS; GEOMETRIC DISTANCE; PROPER MOTIONS; LINE EMISSION; VLBI MAPS; 6.035 GHZ AB Aims. We have observed the 6030 and 6035 MHz transitions of OH in high-mass star-forming regions to obtain magnetic field estimates in both maser emission and absorption. Methods. Observations were taken with the Effelsberg 100 m telescope. Results. Our observations are consistent with previous results, although we do detect a new 6030 MHz maser feature near -70 km s(-1) in the vicinity of W3(OH). In absorption we obtain a possible estimate of -1.1 +/- 0.3 mG for the average line-of-sight component of the magnetic field in the absorbing OH gas in K3-50 and submilligauss upper limits for the line-of-sight field strength in DR 21 and W3. Conclusions. These results indicate that the magnetic field strength in the vicinity of OH masers is higher than that of the surrounding, non-masing material, which in turn suggests that the density of masing OH regions is higher than that of their surroundings. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Fish, VL (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O,1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM vfish@nrao.edu NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 458 IS 2 BP 485 EP U14 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065379 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093IO UT WOS:000241162200019 ER PT J AU Wagg, J Wilner, DJ Neri, R Downes, D Wiklind, T AF Wagg, J. Wilner, D. J. Neri, R. Downes, D. Wiklind, T. TI Atomic carbon in APM 08279+5255 at z=3.91 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : ISM; quasars : emission lines; quasars : individual (APM 08279+5255) ID ABSORPTION-LINE QUASAR; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; APM 08279+5255; MOLECULAR GAS; IRAS 10214+4724; HIGH-REDSHIFT; C-I; EMISSION; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a detection of [CI] P-3(1)-P-3(0) emission in the lensed quasar APM 08279+5255 at z = 3.91 using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. The [CI] line velocity and width are similar to the values of previously detected high-J CO and HCN lines in this source, suggesting that the emission from all of these species arises from the same region. The apparent luminosity of the [CI] line is L'(CI) (3.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(10) K km s(-1) pc(2), which implies a neutral carbon mass M-CI (4.4 +/- 0.6)m(-1) x 10(7) M-circle dot, where m is the lensing magnification factor. The [CI] line luminosity is consistent with the large molecular gas mass inferred from the nuclear CO line luminosity (similar to 10(11)m(-1) M-circle dot). We also present an upper limit on the H2O 1(10)-1(01) line luminosity in APM 08279+5255 of L'(H2O) < 1.8 x 10(10) K km s(-1) pc(2) (3 sigma). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. Space Telescope Sci Inst, ESA, Space Telescope Div, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wagg, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1086/507677 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PK UT WOS:000241824300006 ER PT J AU Weedman, DW Soifer, BT Hao, L Higdon, JL Higdon, SJU Houck, JR Le Floc'h, E Brown, MJI Dey, A Jannuzi, BT Rieke, M Desai, V Bian, C Thompson, D Armus, L Teplitz, H Eisenhardt, P Willner, SP AF Weedman, D. W. Soifer, B. T. Hao, Lei Higdon, J. L. Higdon, S. J. U. Houck, J. R. Le Floc'h, E. Brown, M. J. I. Dey, A. Jannuzi, B. T. Rieke, M. Desai, V. Bian, C. Thompson, D. Armus, L. Teplitz, H. Eisenhardt, P. Willner, S. P. TI Spitzer IRS spectra of optically faint infrared sources with weak spectral features SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : active; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MIDINFRARED SPECTRA; SPECTROGRAPH IRS; GALAXIES; DUST; EMISSION; MARKARIAN-231; ULTRAVIOLET AB Spectra have been obtained with the low-resolution modules of the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer) for 58 sources having f(v)(24 mu m) > 0.75 mJy. Sources were chosen from a survey of 8.2 deg(2) within the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey region in Bootes (NDWFS) using the Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) on Spitzer. Most sources are optically very faint (I > 24 mag). Redshifts have previously been determined for 34 sources, based primarily on the presence of a deep 9.7 mu m silicate absorption feature, with a median z of 2.2. Spectra are presented for the remaining 24 sources for which we were previously unable to determine a confident redshift because the IRS spectra show no strong features. Optical photometry from the NDWFS and infrared photometry with MIPS and the Infrared Array Camera on Spitzer (IRAC) are given, with K photometry from the Keck I telescope for some objects. The sources without strong spectral features have overall spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and distributions among optical and infrared fluxes that are similar to those for the sources with strong absorption features. Nine of the 24 sources are found to have feasible redshift determinations based on fits of a weak silicate absorption feature. Results confirm that the "1 mJy" population of 24 mu m Spitzer sources that are optically faint is dominated by dusty sources with spectroscopic indicators of an obscured AGN rather than a star-burst. There remain 14 of the 58 sources observed in Bootes for which no redshift could be estimated, and 5 of these sources are invisible at all optical wavelengths. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weedman, DW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dweedman@astro.cornell.edu RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137 NR 29 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1086/507322 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PK UT WOS:000241824300011 ER PT J AU Giampapa, MS Hall, JC Radick, RR Baliunas, SL AF Giampapa, Mark S. Hall, Jeffrey C. Radick, Richard R. Baliunas, Sallie L. TI A survey of chromospheric activity in the solar-type stars in the open cluster M67 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (M67, NGC 2682); stars : activity; stars : chromospheres; Sun : activity ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; LUMINOSITY VARIATION; EARTHS CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SUN; IRRADIANCE; EMISSION; HYADES; CYCLE AB We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of the Ca II H and K core strengths in a sample of 60 solar-type stars that are members of the solar-age and solar-metallicity open cluster M67. We adopt the HK index, defined as the summed H+K core strengths in 1 angstrom bandpasses centered on the H and K lines, respectively, as a measure of the chromospheric activity that is present. We compare the distribution of mean HK index values for the M67 solar-type stars with the variation of this index as measured for the Sun during the contemporary solar cycle. We find that the stellar distribution in our HK index is broader than that for the solar cycle. Approximately 17% of the M67 Sun-like stars exhibit average HK indices that are less than solar minimum. About 7%-12% are characterized by relatively high activity in excess of solar maximum values, while 72%-80% of the solar analogs exhibit Ca II H+K strengths within the range of the modern solar cycle. The ranges given reflect uncertainties in the most representative value of the maximum in the HK index to adopt for the solar cycle variations observed during the period AD 1976-2004. Thus, similar to 20%-30% of our homogeneous sample of Sun-like stars have mean chromospheric H+K strengths that are outside the range of the contemporary solar cycle. Any cycle-like variability that is present in the M67 solar-type stars appears to be characterized by periods greater than similar to 6 yr. Finally, we estimate a mean chromospheric age for M67 in the range of 3.8-4.3 Gyr. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Giampapa, MS (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave,POB 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. EM giampapa@noao.edu; jch@lowell.edu; radick@nso.edu; baliunas@cfa.harvard.edu NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP 444 EP 461 DI 10.1086/507624 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PK UT WOS:000241824300039 ER PT J AU Patten, BM Stauffer, JR Burrows, A Marengo, M Hora, JL Luhman, KL Sonnett, SM Henry, TJ Raghavan, D Megeath, ST Liebert, J Fazio, GG AF Patten, Brian M. Stauffer, John R. Burrows, Adam Marengo, Massimo Hora, Joseph L. Luhman, Kevin L. Sonnett, Sarah M. Henry, Todd J. Raghavan, Deepak Megeath, S. Thomas Liebert, James Fazio, Giovanni G. TI Spitzer IRAC photometry of M, L, and T dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; TIME-SERIES OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHT ULTRACOOL DWARFS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRA; BINARY L-DWARF; BROWN DWARF; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD AB We present the results of a program to acquire photometry for 86 late M, L, and T dwarfs using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. We examine the behavior of these cool dwarfs in various color-color and color-magnitude diagrams composed of near-IR and IRAC data. The T dwarfs exhibit the most distinctive positions in these diagrams. In M-5.8 versus [5.8]-[8.0], the IRAC data for T dwarfs are not monotonic in either magnitude or color, giving the clearest indication yet that the T dwarfs are not a one-parameter family in T-eff. Because metallicity does not vary enough in the solar neighborhood to act as the second parameter, the most likely candidate then is gravity, which in turn translates to mass. Among objects with similar spectral type, the range of mass suggested by our sample is about a factor of 5 (similar to 70M(J) to similar to 15M(J)), with the less massive objects making up the younger members of the sample. We also find the IRAC 4.5 mu m fluxes to be lower than expected, from which we infer a strongerCO fundamental band at similar to 4.67 mu m. This suggests that equilibrium CH4/ CO chemistry underestimates the abundance of CO in T dwarf atmospheres, confirming earlier results based on M-band observations from the ground. In combining IRAC photometry with near-IR JHK photometry and parallax data, we find the combination of Ks, IRAC 3.6 mu m, and 4.5 mu m bands to provide the best color-color discrimination for a wide range of M, L, and T dwarfs. Also noteworthy is the M-Ks versus K-s-[4.5] relation, which shows a smooth progression over spectral type, and splits the M, L, and T types cleanly. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Patten, BM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bpatten@cfa.harvard.edu OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 96 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP 502 EP 516 DI 10.1086/507264 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PK UT WOS:000241824300044 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Raymond, JC Ko, YK Kim, KS AF Lee, J-Y Raymond, J. C. Ko, Y. -K. Kim, K. -S. TI Three-dimensional structure of the 2002 April 21 Coronal Mass Ejection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : UV radiation ID FLARE SUPRA-ARCADE; CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-FLARE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; EVOLUTION; RHESSI AB A three-dimensional reconstruction of the 2002 April 21 partial halo Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) has been made based on the O VI 1032 angstrom and [Fe XVIII] 974 8 lines observed by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We use the Doppler velocities to derive the CME structure along the line of sight. UVCS observed the O VI line profiles split into strongly Doppler red-and blueshifted components, and the region of split profiles grew rapidly along the long spectrograph slit. The more localized [Fe XVIII] bright emission starts at the same time as the maximum Doppler redshift of O VI, indicating that it is inside the CME. In the view from the solar west, the O VI looks like halo CMEs seen by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO). The [Fe XVIII] bright emission appears as a barlike structure seen nearly end-on from the Earth, and side-on from the solar north and from solar west. The reconstructed [Fe XVIII] emission allows two interpretations, as ejection of preexisting hot plasma or as a current sheet. The evidence favors the current sheet interpretation, although we cannot rule out the alternatives. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 449701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP 566 EP 575 DI 10.1086/506981 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PK UT WOS:000241824300049 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JM Mamajek, EE Hillenbrand, LA Meyer, MR AF Carpenter, John M. Mamajek, Eric E. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Meyer, Michael R. TI Evidence for mass-dependent circumstellar disk evolution in the 5 Myr old Upper Scorpius OB association SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Upper Scorpius OB1); planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; DEBRIS DISKS; DUST; POPULATION; ACCRETION; CATALOG; SYSTEMS AB We present 4.5, 8, and 16 mu m photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope for 204 stars in the Upper Scorpius OB association. The data are used to investigate the frequency and properties of circumstellar disks around stars with masses between similar to 0.1 and 20 at an age of similar to 5 Myr. We identify 35 stars that have emission at 8 or 16 mu m in excess of the stellar photosphere. The lower mass stars (similar to 0.1 - 1.2) appear surrounded by primordial optically thick disks based on the excess emission characteristics. Stars more massive than similar to 1.8 M(circle dot) have lower fractional excess luminosities suggesting that the inner similar to 10 AU of the disk has been largely depleted of primordial material. None of the G and F stars (similar to 1.2 - 1.8) in our sample have an infrared excess at wavelengths <= 16 mm. These results indicate that the mechanisms for dispersing primordial optically thick disks operate less efficiently, on average, for low-mass stars, and that longer timescales are available for the buildup of planetary systems in the terrestrial zone for stars with masses <= 1. M(circle dot). C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Carpenter, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, MC 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 47 TC 149 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP L49 EP L52 DI 10.1086/509121 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PN UT WOS:000241824700013 ER PT J AU O'Donovan, FT Charbonneau, D Mandushev, G Dunham, EW Latham, DW Torres, G Sozzetti, A Brown, TM Trauger, JT Belmonte, JA Rabus, M Alemenara, JM Alonso, R Deeg, HJ Esquerdo, GA Falco, EE Hillenbrand, LA Roussanova, A Stefanik, RP Winn, JN AF O'Donovan, Francis T. Charbonneau, David Mandushev, Georgi Dunham, Edward W. Latham, David W. Torres, Guillermo Sozzetti, Alessandro Brown, Timothy M. Trauger, John T. Belmonte, Juan A. Rabus, Markus Alemenara, Jose M. Alonso, Roi Deeg, Hans J. Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Falco, Emilio E. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Roussanova, Anna Stefanik, Robert P. Winn, Joshua N. TI Tres-2: The first transiting planet in the KEPLER field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 03549-02811); techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; TRANSITING PLANET; STAR TRES-1; SEARCH; SPECTROMETER; ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; TELESCOPE; PRECISION; SCENARIOS AB We announce the discovery of the second transiting hot Jupiter discovered by the Trans-atlantic Exoplanet Survey. The planet, which we dub TrES-2, orbits the nearby star GSC 03549-02811 every 2.47063 days. From high-resolution spectra, we determine that the star has and, implying a spectral T-eff = 5960 +/- 100 K and log g = 4.4 +/- 0.2, implying a spectral type of G0 V and a mass of 1.08(-0.05)(+0.11) M-circle dot. High-precision radial velocity measurements confirm a sinusoidal variation with the period and phase predicted by the photometry, and rule out the presence of line bisector variations that would indicate that the spectroscopic orbit is spurious. We estimate a planetary mass of 1.28(-0.04)(+0.09)M(Jup). We model B, r, R, and I photometric time series of the 1.4% deep transits and find a planetary radius of 1.24(-0.06)(+0.09)R(Jup). This planet lies within the field of view of the NASA Kepler mission, ensuring that hundreds of upcoming transits will be monitored with exquisite precision and permitting a host of unprecedented investigations. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP O'Donovan, FT (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ftod@astro.caltech.edu RI Rabus, Markus/B-8029-2009; Alonso, Roi/D-8799-2014; O'Donovan, Francis/I-2423-2014; OI Alonso, Roi/0000-0001-8462-8126; O'Donovan, Francis/0000-0002-4858-6106; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 40 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1086/509123 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PN UT WOS:000241824700016 ER PT J AU Slavin, JD Frisch, PC AF Slavin, Jonathan D. Frisch, Priscilla C. TI Evidence of a high carbon abundance in the local interstellar cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ultraviolet : ISM ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION COEFFICIENTS; SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RADIATION-FIELD; DENSITY PLASMAS; GROUND-STATE; WHITE-DWARFS; C-II AB The nature of the local interstellar cloud (LIC) is highly constrained by the combination of in situ heliospheric and line-of-sight data toward nearby stars. We present a new interpretation of the LIC components of the absorption-line data toward is an element of CMa, based on recent atomic data that include new rates for the Mg+ to Mg-0 dielectronic recombination rate, and using in situ measurements of the temperature and density of neutral helium inside of the heliosphere. With these data we are able to place interesting limits on the gas-phase abundance of carbon in the LIC. If the C/S abundance ratio is solar, similar to 20, then no simultaneous solution exists for the N(Mg I), N(Mg II), N(C II), and N(C II*) data. The combined column density and in situ data favor an abundance ratio AC/AS = 47(-26)(+22). We find that the most probable gas-phase C abundance is in the range 400-800 ppm with a lower limit of similar to 330. We speculate that such a supersolar abundance could have come to be present in the LIC via destruction of decoupled dust grains. Similar enhanced C/H ratios are seen in very low column density material, N(H) < 10(19) cm(-2), toward several nearby stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/508991 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PN UT WOS:000241824700010 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, PD Christy, JH Rissanen, RJ Kim, TW AF Ribeiro, Pablo D. Christy, John H. Rissanen, Rebecca J. Kim, Tae Won TI Males are attracted by their own courtship signals SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sensory trap; landmark orientation; sexual selection; hood building; Uca ID MALE FIDDLER-CRABS; SENSORY TRAP HYPOTHESIS; UCA-PUGILATOR; PREDATION; ATTRACTIVENESS; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; TRAITS; MUSICA; HOODS AB Courting male fiddler crabs Uca terpsichores (1 cm carapace width) sometimes build mounds of sand called hoods at the entrances to their burrows. Males wave their single enlarged claws to attract females to their burrows for mating. It was shown previously that burrows with hoods are more attractive to females and that females visually orient to these structures. In this study, we test whether males also use their hoods to find their burrows. We first determined the maximum distance that males can see and find a burrow opening without a hood. Males were removed from their burrows and placed on the sand at a range of distances from a burrow opening. If they were more than about 8 cm (seven units of eye-height) away, they were unable find the burrow. In contrast, males that were burrow residents used a non-visual path map to return to their burrows from much greater distances. To determine if hoods help males find their burrows when there are errors in their path maps, we moved residents 1-49 cm on sliding platforms producing errors equal to the distances they were moved. Males with self-made hoods or hood models at their burrows relocated their burrows at significantly greater distances than did males with unadorned burrows. Hood builders also relocated their burrows faster. Hence, hoods have two functions: they attract females and they provide a visual cue that males use to find their burrows quickly and reliably when their path maps fail. C1 Univ Mar del Plata, Dept Biol, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Lab, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Behav & Ecol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Ribeiro, PD (reprint author), Univ Mar del Plata, Dept Biol, CC 573 Correo Cent, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. EM pdribeir@mdp.edu.ar NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s00265-006-0238-5 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 092NU UT WOS:000241105100008 ER PT J AU Boness, DJ Bowen, WD Buhleier, BM Marshall, GJ AF Boness, Daryl J. Bowen, W. Don Buhleier, Birgit M. Marshall, Gregory J. TI Mating tactics and mating system of an aquatic-mating pinniped: the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE harbor seals; mating system; lek; radio telemetry; time-depth recorders; paternity ID MALE BEARDED SEALS; FEMALE PREFERENCE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; SABLE ISLAND; FALLOW DEER; MATE CHOICE; GREY SEAL; LEK; SIZE; EVOLUTION AB Our best understanding of marine mammal mating systems comes from land-mating pinnipeds. Logistical problems of observing behavior at sea have limited our ability to make inferences about species with aquatic-mating systems, which comprise over half the pinnipeds. The mating systems of these species likely involve different mating tactics than land-mating species. We used several methods in combination (e.g., animal-borne cameras, radio telemetry, time-depth recorders, and DNA paternity assessment) to provide a comprehensive study of the aquatic-mating tactics of harbor seal males. Males decreased time offshore (26.0 vs 14.8%) and increased time near shore (33.8 vs 43.7%) between premating and mating periods, respectively. Concomitantly, males reduced foraging effort and increased activities associated with competition for females (e.g., visual/vocal displays and threats). As females come into estrus near the end of lactation and spend more time at sea, males reduced their near-shore ranges (4.2 vs 1.0 km(2)), which were clustered within 1-1.5 km of the beach where females attended their pups. Body mass of males was not a major factor affecting their reproductive behavior. From a small number of paternity assignments to study males, it appears that females select males. These combined results are more consistent with a lek-type mating system than with the territorial or female defense systems characteristic of land-mating pinnipeds. C1 Natl Geog Soc, Mission Programs, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Marine Fish Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Boness, DJ (reprint author), 41 Green Acres Rd, Hartford, ME 04220 USA. EM boness@megalink.net RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 NR 52 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s00265-006-0242-9 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 092NU UT WOS:000241105100012 ER PT J AU Aviles, L Maddison, WP Agnarsson, I AF Aviles, Leticia Maddison, Wayne P. Agnarsson, Ingi TI A new independently derived social spider with explosive colony proliferation and a female size dimorphism SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE dispersal; Ecuador; female size dimorphism; kleptoparasitism; reproductive skew; predator-prey dynamics; sociality; Theridiid phylogeny; Theridion nigroannulatum ID ANELOSIMUS-EXIMIUS ARANEAE; ORB-WEAVING SPIDER; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; SEX-RATIO; INTERDEMIC SELECTION; COOPERATIVE SPIDER; SPECIES ARANEAE; COBWEB SPIDERS; PARENTAL CARE; LIFE-HISTORY AB Permanent cooperative sociality is rare in spiders. Here we describe sociality in a cobweb (Theridiidae) genus with no other known social species. In five areas of eastern Ecuador, we found nests of Theridion nigroannulatum containing from a single to several thousand adults living together in a communal web. Spiders cooperated in prey capture and shared their food. Subadult to young adult sex ratios were highly female biased, suggesting a strongly subdivided population structure as in other permanent-social spiders. Unusual aspects of T. nigroannulatum's biology include the existence of adult females of two discrete sizes, an extreme boom and bust pattern of colony growth, and the presence, within larger colonies, of populations of a predatory spider (Faiditus spp., Argyrodinae) that may play the role of a colony-level parasite. The existence of females of two sizes may be the result of alternative female reproductive strategies, intracolony competition for resources, or an incipient caste system in this species. A redescription and phylogenetic analysis corroborate the placement of this species in Theridion, indicating that sociality has evolved independently in at least three theridiid genera. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Aviles, L (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 3529-6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM laviles@zoology.ubc.ca NR 54 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 743 EP 753 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00202.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096XG UT WOS:000241409500006 ER PT J AU Wikramanayake, E Fernando, P Leimgruber, P AF Wikramanayake, Eric Fernando, Prithiviraj Leimgruber, Peter TI Scientists investigate wildlife's possible warning systems SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Asian elephants; elephant movements; sixth sense; Sri Lanka; tsunami ID COMMUNICATION AB After the Asian tsunami the media was inundated with reports of aberrant behavior among animals attributed to a "sixth sense" that allowed them to respond to the catastrophe ahead of the impact. We present behavior data from two satellite-collared Asian elephants that ranged close to the tsunami impact area in Sri Lanka. These data indicate that neither elephant behaved in a manner consistent with a "sixth sense" that allowed an early detection of the approaching tsunami. C1 World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Ctr Conservat & Res, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka. Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Wikramanayake, E (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, 1250 24th St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM eric.wikramanayake@wwfus.org RI Chen, Changxi/H-4152-2011; Fernando, Prithiviraj/I-8238-2012; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Fernando, Prithiviraj/0000-0001-6968-4189; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 775 EP 777 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00199.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096XG UT WOS:000241409500010 ER PT J AU Orrell, TM Collette, BB Johnson, GD AF Orrell, Thomas M. Collette, Bruce B. Johnson, G. David TI Molecular data support separate scombroid and xiphioid clades SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Billfish Symposium CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Avalon, CA SP Billfish Fdn, Offield Ctr Billfish Studies, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Conservat Org, Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council ID CICHLID FISHES; CYTOCHROME-B; EVOLUTION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PERCIFORMES; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; TELEOSTEI; DNA; MACKERELS AB Molecular data (single copy nuclear DNA Tmo-4C4 and combined Tmo-4C4 and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b) lead to the following conclusions about the interrelationships of "scombroid" fishes. In both the single copy nuclear DNA (scnDNA) and combined molecular data sets, billfishes (Xiphioidei) and tunas and mackerels (Scombroidei) are separate clades. In the scnDNA parsimony clade, Pomatomus is basal to other scombroids. Sphyraena is excluded from the scombroids in all analyses, but only in the scnDNA analysis is Gasterochisma the basal scombrid. The subfamilies Gasterochismatinae and Scombrinae and the tribe Scombrini (mackerels) are supported by both data sets, but the tribes Scomberomorini, Sardini, and Thunnini do not have molecular support. Morphological data place Allothunnus at the base of the Thunnini but the molecular data do not support this. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA, NMFS, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Orrell, TM (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM orrellt@si.edu NR 34 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 505 EP 519 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130VE UT WOS:000243826300007 ER PT J AU Fu, XH Nobuyoshi, O Vencl, FV Lei, CL AF Fu, Xinhua Nobuyoshi, Ohba Vencl, Fredric V. Lei, Chaoliang TI Life cycle and behaviour of the aquatic firefly Luciola leii (Coleoptera : Lampyridae) from Mainland China SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PHOTINUS-PYRALIS COLEOPTERA; PROXIMATE MECHANISMS; DEFENSIVE STEROIDS; SEXUAL SELECTION; BIOLUMINESCENCE; LARVAE; LUCIBUFAGINS; MACDERMOTTI; SUBSTRIATA; COURTSHIP AB The aquatic larvae of the firefly Luciola leii Fu and Ballantyne occur on the substrate of rice fields and ditches in Hubei Province of central China. The behaviour and ecology of L. leii are described. We recorded L. leii larvae attacking four species of aquatic snails: Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) (Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae), Gyraulus convexiuscullis (Hutton) (Basommatophora: Planorbidae), Radix auricularia (L.) (Lymnaeidae), and Bellamya purificata Heude (Mesogastropoda: Viviparidae). At dusk, flying males produced two types of advertising flashes. One type consisted of a train of 8 rapid, green flashes followed by 2-3 slow, prolonged flashes produced by patrolling males as a long-distance signal. The duration of flashes in the patrolling pattern was 530 ms and the interflash interval was 80 ms. The other type was a short-range signal consisting of a green glow, which was emitted by flying males that had located a female. Once a female had been located, the male landed and switched to a courting pattern. The male courtship pattern consisted of single flashes of about 400 ins duration, delivered every 1.8 s. Females produced single answering flashes of 910 ms duration, with a latency of approximately 630 ms after the male flash. Luciola leii was univoltine. Females oviposited 1 to 7 times (mean = 4.78). Females laid, on average, 187.19 eggs. The eggs hatched at 21.52 days. Eggs became luminescent 4 or 5 days before hatching. The larval stage had six instars. Mature larvae climbed onto land to construct pupal cells at the end of April of the next year. The pupal stage lasted, on average, 4.88 days. The imago lasted 10.13 days. No predators of larvae were observed. The spider Tetragnatha praedonia Koch (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) was frequently observed to capture adult male fireflies in its web. C1 Huazhong Agr Univ, Inst Insect Resources, Dept Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. ONBA Firefly Inst, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2390801, Japan. RP Lei, CL (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Inst Insect Resources, Dept Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM ioir@mail.hzau.edu.cn NR 35 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 138 IS 6 BP 860 EP 870 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 114ZW UT WOS:000242705200003 ER PT J AU Garren, M Walsh, SM Caccone, A Knowlton, N AF Garren, Melissa Walsh, Sheila M. Caccone, Adalgisa Knowlton, Nancy TI Patterns of association between Symbiodinium and members of the Montastraea annularis species complex on spatial scales ranging from within colonies to between geographic regions SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE coral; Zooxanthellae; diversity; bleaching; Caribbean ID CORAL-ALGAL SYMBIOSIS; CARIBBEAN CORALS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEFS; DIVERSITY; ZOOXANTHELLAE; SPECIFICITY; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES AB Patterns of associations between coral colonies and the major clades of zooxanthellae can vary across scales ranging from individual colonies to widely separated geographic regions. This is exemplified in this study of the Montastraea annularis species complex from six sites on the Mesoamerican Reef, Belize and nine sites in the Bocas del Toro archipelago, Panama. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) was used to identify the zooxanthellae. In Belize (M. annularis), Symbiodinium B (79% of the colonies), Symbiodinium A, and Symbiodinium C were observed. In Panama (primarily M. franksi, but also M. annularis and M. faveolata), there was greater diversity and evenness with Symbiodinium A, B, C, C' (a new symbiont) and D all being common in at least some host/habitat combinations. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations showed that distribution patterns of symbionts across sites are best explained by enclosure (relative influence of open ocean vs. coastal water) and total suspended solids. Because members of clade D are known to be temperature resistant and Symbiodinium C' was found in environments characterized by high sedimentation, these Panamanian reefs may have importance from a management perspective as reservoirs of corals better able to tolerate human impacts. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Knowlton, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM nknowlton@ucsd.edu NR 41 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 503 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0146-1 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 105US UT WOS:000242058400001 ER PT J AU Freestone, AL AF Freestone, Amy L. TI Facilitation drives local abundance and regional distribution of a rare plant in a harsh environment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; Delphinium uliginosum; Didymodon tophaceus; facilitation; gradients; habitat specialist; moss; recruitment; scaling; serpentine wetland ID SALT-MARSH PLANTS; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; SEED DISPERSAL; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; GRADIENTS; ECOLOGY; STRESS; PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS AB The importance of facilitation to local community dynamics is becoming increasingly recognized. However, the predictability of positive interactions in stressful environments, the balance of competition and facilitation along environmental gradients, and the scaling of local positive interactions to regional distributions are aspects of facilitation that remain unresolved. I explored these questions in a habitat specialist, Delphinium uliginosum, and a moss, Didymodon tophaceus, both found in small serpentine wetlands. I tested three hypotheses: (1) moss facilitates germination, growth, and/or fecundity of D. uliginosum; (2) facilitation is stronger at the harsher ends of gradients in soil moisture, toxicity, and/or biomass; and (3) facilitation is reflected in positive associations at the levels of local abundance and regional occurrence. Although considerable competitive interactions occurred in later life stages, moss strongly facilitated D. uliginosum seedling emergence. There was no evidence that this facilitative effect weakened, or switched to competition, in benign environments. D. uliginosum was more locally abundant and more frequently present, across a large portion of its range, with than without moss, indicating a net facilitative effect in the face of competitive influences. Facilitated recruitment, possibly by seed retention, was found to be an important control on abundance and distribution in this rare species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Freestone, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM freestonea@si.edu NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2728 EP 2735 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2728:FDLAAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108BK UT WOS:000242214800005 PM 17168017 ER PT J AU Newman, MJH Paredes, GA Sala, E Jackson, JBC AF Newman, Marah J. H. Paredes, Gustavo A. Sala, Enric Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI Structure of Caribbean coral reef communities across a large gradient of fish biomass SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE algal biomass; coral reefs; fish biomass; fishing impacts; marine reserves; reef degradation ID TAKE MARINE RESERVES; TROPHIC CASCADES; MACROALGAL COVER; ECOSYSTEMS; MORTALITY; TRAJECTORIES; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; RECOVERY AB The collapse of Caribbean coral reefs has been attributed in part to historic overfishing, but whether fish assemblages can recover and how such recovery might affect the benthic reef community has not been tested across appropriate scales. We surveyed the biomass of reef communities across a range in fish abundance from 14 to 593 g m(-2), a gradient exceeding that of any previously reported for coral reefs. Increased fish biomass was correlated with an increased proportion of apex predators, which were abundant only inside large marine reserves. Increased herbivorous fish biomass was correlated with a decrease in fleshy algal biomass but corals have not yet recovered. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Panama. RP Newman, MJH (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mjnewman@ucsd.edu NR 50 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 54 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1216 EP 1227 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00976.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 094LX UT WOS:000241242000006 PM 17040324 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Aviles, L Coddington, JA Maddison, WP AF Agnarsson, Ingi Aviles, Leticia Coddington, Jonathan A. Maddison, Wayne P. TI Sociality in Theridiid spiders: Repeated origins of an evolutionary dead end SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Anelosimus; evolution of sociality; inbreeding; levels of selection; mating system; preadaptations; sex ratio bias ID ANELOSIMUS-STUDIOSUS ARANEAE; SUBSOCIAL SPIDER; COOPERATIVE SPIDER; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; SEX-RATIO; STEGODYPHUS-LINEATUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INTERDEMIC SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; JUVENILE DISPERSAL AB Evolutionary "dead ends" result from traits that are selectively advantageous in the short term but ultimately result in lowered diversification rates of lineages. In spiders, 23 species scattered across eight families share a social system in which individuals live in colonies and cooperate in nest maintenance, prey capture, and brood care. Most of these species are inbred and have highly female-biased sex ratios. Here we show that in Theridiidae this social system originated eight to nine times independently among 11 to 12 species for a remarkable 18 to 19 origins across spiders. In Theridiidae, the origins cluster significantly in one clade marked by a possible preadaptation: extended maternal care. In most derivations, sociality is limited to isolated species: social species are sister to social species only thrice. To examine whether sociality in spiders represents an evolutionary dead end, we develop a test that compares the observed phylogenetic isolation of social species to the simulated evolution of social and non-social clades under equal diversification rates, and find that sociality in Theridiidae is significantly isolated. Because social clades are not in general smaller than their nonsocial sister clades, the "spindly" phylogenetic pattern-many tiny replicate social clades-may be explained by extinction rapid enough that a nonsocial sister group does not have time to diversify while the social lineage remains extant. In this case, this repeated origin and extinction of sociality suggests a conflict between the short-term benefits and long-term costs of inbred sociality. Although benefits of group living may initially outweigh costs of inbreeding (hence the replicate origins), in the long run the subdivision of the populations in relatively small and highly inbred colony lineages may result in higher extinction, thus an evolutionary dead end. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 2370-6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM ingi@zoology.ubc.ca; laviles@zoology.ubc.ca; coddington@si.edu; wmaddisn@interchange.ubc.ca NR 115 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD NOV PY 2006 VL 60 IS 11 BP 2342 EP 2351 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 119RO UT WOS:000243031000013 PM 17236425 ER PT J AU Ghatan, GJ Zimbelman, JR AF Ghatan, Gil J. Zimbelman, James R. TI Paucity of candidate coastal constructional landforms along proposed shorelines on Mars: Implications for a northern lowlands-filling ocean SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Mars, climate ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANCIENT OCEANS; GROUND ICE; PLAINS; SURFACE; DEBRIS; CAMERA; WATER; FATE AB The case for an ocean having once occupied the northern lowlands of Mars has largely been based indirectly on the debouching of the outflow channels into the lowlands, and directly on erosional features along the margins of the lowlands interpreted to be the result of wave action. Two global shorelines were previously mapped from albedo variation, embayment relationships, and scarps interpreted as coastal cliffs. However, not since the early, Viking-based studies, has there been a focused assessment of the presence or absence of coastal constructional landforms such as barrier ridges and spits, located on or near the mapped "shorelines." Such constructional landforms are typically found in association with coastal erosional features on Earth, and therefore warrant a detailed search for their presence on Mars. All presently available THEMIS VIS and MOC NA images located on or near either of the two "shorelines," within the Chryse Planitia/Arabia Terra region (10 degrees to 44 degrees N; 300 degrees to 0 degrees E) and the Isidis Planitia region (0 degrees to 30 degrees N; 70 degrees to 105 degrees E), were examined in search of any features that could reasonably be considered candidate coastal ridges. Additionally, raw MOLA profiles were used in conjunction with a technique developed from Differential Global Positioning System profiles across terrestrial paleo-shorelines, to search for coastal ridges throughout these same regions. Out of 447 THEMIS VIS and 735 MOC NA images examined, only four candidates are observed that are plausibly interpreted as coastal ridges; no candidate coastal ridges are observed in the MOLA profiles. This overwhelming paucity of candidate features suggests one of five possible scenarios in terms of the existence of standing bodies of water within the martian lowlands: (1) No ocean existed up to the level of either of the previously mapped "shorelines"; (2) An ocean existed, however wave action, the primary agent responsible for construction of coastal landforms, was minimal to non-existent; (3) An ocean existed, but sediment input was not significant enough to form coastal deposits; (4) An ocean existed, but readily froze, and over time sublimated; and lastly (5) An ocean existed and coastal landforms were constructed, but in the intervening time since their formation they have nearly all been eroded away. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Ghatan, GJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, POB 37012,MRC 315, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gil.ghatan@gmail.com NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV PY 2006 VL 185 IS 1 BP 171 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.007 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 097VJ UT WOS:000241477000014 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI The correspondance of the astronomer and calendar-maker Gottfried Kirch. SO JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY LA English DT Book Review C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 16 RUTHERFORD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2HH, ENGLAND SN 0021-8286 J9 J HIST ASTRON JI J. Hist. Astron. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 37 BP 485 EP 486 PN 4 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 101QZ UT WOS:000241756800007 ER PT J AU Bowen, WD Iverson, SJ Mcmillan, JI Boness, DJ AF Bowen, W. D. Iverson, S. J. Mcmillan, J. I. Boness, D. J. TI Reproductive performance in grey seals: age-related improvement and senescence in a capital breeder SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-specific reproduction; phocid; pinniped; seal ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; COLUMBIAN GROUND-SQUIRRELS; FEMALE MOUNTAIN GOATS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; MATERNAL AGE; BIGHORN EWES; FUR SEALS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; NATURAL-SELECTION AB 1. Three hypotheses have been advanced to account for age-related improvement in performance: the selection hypothesis predicts improved due to the loss of lower quality phenotypes, the constraint hypothesis predicts individuals improve function, and the restraint hypothesis predicts younger individuals forego or reduce effort because of mortality risks. A decline in age-related performance (i.e. senescence) is predicted by mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy and disposable soma (wear and tear) hypotheses. 2. Using five measures of performance - birth rate, maternal and pup birth mass, pup weaning mass, weaning success and lactation length - we tested these hypotheses concerning age-related change in reproduction in 279 female grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), ages 4-42 years, over a 23-year period between 1983 and 2005 on Sable Island, Nova Scotia. These females produced 2071 pups. 3. Although body mass of primiparous females increased with age (4-7 years) birth mass of their pups did not, but pup weaning mass did. Second- and third-parity females of the same age as primiparous females gave birth to and weaned heavier pups. However, parity and age were dropped from models when maternal body mass was included. 4. The proportion of females giving birth varied significantly with maternal age, increasing in young females and then declining late in life. Weaning success rate also increased rapidly to about 8 years and subsequently declined in females > 32 years. 5. Generalized additive models indicated nonlinear changes in 3 day body mass (i.e. similar to birth mass) and weaning mass of pups as a function of maternal age, after accounting statistically for the effects of maternal body mass. Mixed-effects, repeated-measures models fitted to longitudinal data further supported the conclusion that pup birth mass and weaning mass vary nonlinearly with maternal age and indicated nonlinear changes in lactation duration. 6. We found some support for the constraint hypothesis, but our findings were not consistent with the selection hypothesis or the restraint hypothesis as the basis for improvement in reproductive performance. 7. Senescence was evident in multiple female and offspring traits, indicating the degeneration in function of several physiological systems as predicted by the disposable soma hypothesis. C1 Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME USA. Univ Maine, Dept Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. RP Bowen, WD (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 NR 61 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1340 EP 1351 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01157.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 093HI UT WOS:000241158600012 PM 17032366 ER PT J AU Joseph, L Wilke, T Ten Have, J Chesser, RT AF Joseph, Leo Wilke, Thomas Ten Have, Jose Chesser, R. Terry TI Implications of mitochondrial DNA polyphyly in two ecologically undifferentiated but morphologically distinct migratory birds, the masked and white-browed woodswallows Artamus spp. of inland Australia SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-GROWTH; EVOLUTION; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HYBRIDIZATION; POMATOSTOMUS; RELIABILITY; SYSTEMATICS AB The white-browed woodswallow Artamus superciliosus and masked woodswallow A. personatus (Passeriformes: Artamidae) are members of Australia's diverse arid- and semi-arid zone avifauna. Widely sympatric and among Australia's relatively few obligate long-distance temperate-tropical migrants, the two are well differentiated morphologically but not ecologically and vocally. They are pair breeders unlike other Artamus species, which are at least facultative cooperative breeders. For these reasons they are an excellent case in which to use molecular data in integrative study of their evolution from ecological and biogeographical perspectives. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to test whether they are each other's closest relatives, whether they evolved migration independently, whether they have molecular signatures of population expansions like some other Australian arid zone birds, and to estimate the timing of any inferred population expansions. Their mtDNAs are monophyletic with respect to other species of Artamus but polyphyletic with respect to each other. The two species appear not to have evolved migration independently of each other but their morphological and mtDNA evolution have been strongly decoupled. Some level of hybridization and introgression cannot be dismissed outright as being involved in their mtDNA polyphyly but incomplete sorting of their most recent common ancestor's mtDNA is a simpler explanation consistent with their ecology. Bayesian phylogenetic inference and analyses of diversity within the two species (n=77) with conventional diversity statistics, statistical parsimony, and tests for population expansion vs stability (Tajima's D, Fu's Fs and Ramos-Onsin and Rozas's R-2) all favour recent population increases. However, a non-starlike network suggests expansion(s) relatively early in the Pleistocene. Repeated population bottlenecks corresponding with multiple peaks of Pleistocene aridity could explain our findings, which add a new dimension to accruing data on the effects of Pleistocene aridity on the Australian biota. C1 Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Dept Ornithol, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Univ Giessen, IFZ, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USGS, PWRC, Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat,Div Birds,MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Joseph, L (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Dept Ornithol, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM Leo.Joseph@csiro.au RI Joseph, Leo/F-9235-2010; Wilke, Thomas/G-1517-2012 OI Wilke, Thomas/0000-0001-8263-7758 NR 75 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 625 EP 636 DI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03767.x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 101GT UT WOS:000241730000012 ER PT J AU Tai, RH Ward, RB Sadler, PM AF Tai, Robert H. Ward, R. Bruce Sadler, Philip M. TI High school chemistry content background of introductory college chemistry students and its association with college chemistry grades SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CHEMISTRY; SUCCESS; PREDICTORS C1 Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sci Educ Dept, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tai, RH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rht6h@virginia.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1703 EP 1711 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 093GG UT WOS:000241155700033 ER PT J AU Hood, WR Oftedal, OT Kunz, TH AF Hood, Wendy R. Oftedal, Olav T. Kunz, Thomas H. TI Variation in body composition of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) during lactation SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body composition; total body fat; total body calcium; lactation; Eptesicus fuscus ID POSTNATAL-GROWTH; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; DAILY TORPOR; LITTER SIZE; MASS; VESPERTILIONIDAE; REPRODUCTION; CHIROPTERA AB Most small mammals support the nutritional requirements of milk production by increasing food intake. However, when nutrient intake is low, maternal body reserves may be mobilized to maintain adequate milk output. We examined patterns of body composition, including dry matter, fat, protein, and mineral content in big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, during lactation. Concentrations of fat and phosphorus were markedly lower in lactating mothers during week three of lactation than during the first two weeks, but these constituents rebounded to previous levels in the fourth and fifth week. Rapid recovery from fat depletion suggests that females are able to adjust to changes in demands for energy. The decrease in phosphorus during mid-lactation suggests bone demineralization, but an interspecific comparison of adult concentrations of minerals prevalent in bone suggests that mineral concentrations may never reach critically low levels in reproductively active females. C1 Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Conway, SC 29528 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Hood, WR (reprint author), Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, POB 261954, Conway, SC 29528 USA. EM wrhood@coastal.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [5-T32HD078387] NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 176 IS 8 BP 807 EP 819 DI 10.1007/s00360-006-0102-y PG 13 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 096CT UT WOS:000241355300008 PM 16835744 ER PT J AU Ma, HW Overstreet, RM Sniezek, JH Solangi, M Coats, DW AF Ma, Hongwei Overstreet, Robin M. Sniezek, James H. Solangi, Mobashir Coats, D. Wayne TI Two new species of symbiotic ciliates from the respiratory tract of cetaceans with establishment of the new genus Planilamina n. Gen. (Dysteriida, Kyaroikeidae) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ciliophora; dolphin; morphogenesis; morphology; Planilamina magna n. sp.; Planilamina ovata n. gen.; n. sp.; Pseudorca crassidens; Tursiops truncatus; whale ID ST-LAWRENCE ESTUARY; DISSEMINATED TOXOPLASMOSIS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; MARINE MAMMALS; BELUGA WHALES; DOLPHIN; PROTOZOA; CYRTOPHORIDA; CILIOPHORA AB Examination of mucus discharged from the blowhole of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) at Marine Life Oceanarium, Gulfport, Mississippi, and false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) and Atlantic bottlenose dolphin at SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida, using live observations and protargol impregnation revealed mixed infections of Kyaroikeus cetarius and two new species. Planilamina n. gen. is characterized by a C-shaped argentophilic band located along the laterally flattened margin of cell and extending from the cell apex to subposterior cone-shaped podite; a deep oral cavity containing one short preoral kinety, two circumoral kineties, seven to 13 infundibular kineties, and a cytostome; a broadly funnel-shaped cytopharynx reinforced by argentophilic fibers but without nematodesmata; closely packed postoral kinetofragments set in a pocket located anterior left of the podite; and somatic kineties as a right field closely situated at the right surface and a left field bordering the anterior left margin of the oral cavity. The type species for the genus, Planilamina ovata n. sp., is distinguished from its sister species Planilamina magna n. sp. by the following characteristics: body size (28-65 x 20-43 mu m vs. 57-90 x 40-63 mu m), number of right field kineties (38-55 vs. 79-99), and position of the anterior end of the leftmost kinety in the right somatic field (anterior one-third vs. mid-body). The morphogenesis of Planilamina ovata is similar to that of K. cetarius. The diagnosis of Kyaroikeidae is emended to accommodate the new genus. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. Montgomery Coll, Dept Biol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Inst Marine Mammal Studies, Gulfport, MS 39502 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Overstreet, RM (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM robin.overstreet@usm.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00124.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 107TP UT WOS:000242194200001 PM 17123404 ER PT J AU Baron-Szabo, RC Schafhauser, A Gotz, S Stinnesbeck, W AF Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C. Schafhauser, Armin Goetz, Stefan Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang TI Scleractinian corals from the Cardenas Formation (Maastrichtian), San Luis Potosi, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CARIBBEAN REEF CORALS; RUDISTS; BOUNDARY; AUSTRIA AB A detailed taxonomical description of scleractinian corals from the Maastrichtian of Mexico (Cardenas Formation) is given for the first time. The coral association comprises 16 taxa which belong to 9 families: Dictuophyllia conferticostata (Vaughan), Cladocora jamaicaensis Vaughan, Cladocora gracilis (d'Orbigny), Antiguastrea cellulosa (Duncan), Multicolumnastraea cyathiformis (Duncan), Placocoenia major Felix, Siderastrea vancouverensis Vaughan, Siderastrea adkinsi (Wells), Goniopora sp., Actinacis haueri Reuss, Actinacis parvistella Oppenheim, Actinhelia elegans (Goldfuss), Meandrophyllia oceani (de Fromentel), Dermosmitiopsis orbignyi Alloiteau, Trochoseris aperta Duncan, and Cyathoseris formosa d'Achiardi. The corals described herein were collected from mixed coral-rudist and coral-dominated assemblages in the Arroyo de la Atarjea, and one unnamed riverbed which lithologically correspond to the Arroyo de la Atarjea section, both of which belong to the upper member of the Cardenas Formation. On the genus level, 94% of the Mexican fauna corresponds to the Maastrichtian coral assemblages of Jamaica. Moreover, the Cardenas fauna shows close affinities to both Upper Cretaceous coral associations of central Europe and the Caribbean, as well as to Lower Tertiary faunas of Central America and the Caribbean. On the species level, 68.8% of the Cardenas corals are known from Lower Tertiary strata of Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Asia, European/Mediterranean region, and/or outheastern parts of the USA. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Res Inst Senckenberg, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Geol Inst 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Baron-Szabo, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, W329,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM RoseBaron@web.de; armin.schafhauser@bio-geo.uni-karlsruhe.de; stefan.goetz@bio-geo.uni-karlsruhe.de; wolfgang.stinnesbeck@bio-geo.uni-karlsruhe.de NR 115 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1046 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[1033:SCFTCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 114RL UT WOS:000242683200001 ER PT J AU Harrison, RD Rasplus, JY AF Harrison, Rhett D. Rasplus, Jean-Yves TI Dispersal of fig pollinators in Asian tropical rain forests SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agaonidae; coevolution; Ficus; flight behaviour; mutualism; pollination ID KEYSTONE PLANT RESOURCE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; WASPS; FICUS; MUTUALISM; CONSEQUENCES; COEVOLUTION; HYMENOPTERA; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Fig pollinators (Agaonidae, Chalcioidea) lay their eggs in fig inflorescences (Ficus, Moraceae). Reproductive success for both partners is thus largely dependent on the dispersal of these tiny wasps. Some are known to cover substantial distances (> 10 km) using wind above the canopy. However, fig ecology is extremely varied, and hence one might also expect a diversity of pollinator dispersal strategies. We studied fig pollinator dispersal in Sarawak (2001 and 2004) and Peninsular Malaysia (2003). The results indicate substantial differences in dispersal ecology between the pollinators of monoecious and dioccious figs. Monoccious-fig pollinators were common, and species composition and rank abundances were similar between years despite short sampling periods. Substantial temporal and spatial variation in their production is thus smoothed out by long-distance dispersal. Some species whose hosts do not occur at our Sarawak site and are rare throughout Borneo were caught, suggesting exceptionally long-distance dispersal in these species. Conversely, few dioecious-fig pollinators were caught and species overlap between years was low. Dispersal range in many dioecious-fig pollinators may be more restricted. At a finer scale, among genera pollinating monoccious figs we found marked differences in flight behaviour (height and time-of-dispersal). We relate these findings to the ecology of their hosts, and discuss the implications for fig-fig-pollinator coevolution. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Res Inst Human & Nat, Kita Ku, Kyoto 6038974, Japan. Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. RP Harrison, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 2072, Panama City, Panama. EM rhett@chikyu.ac.jp NR 31 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 BP 631 EP 639 DI 10.1017/S0266467406003488 PN 6 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106WO UT WOS:000242132900003 ER PT J AU Carrasco-Nunez, G Diaz-Castellon, R Siebert, L Hubbard, B Sheridan, MF Rodriguez, SR AF Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo Siebert, Lee Hubbard, Bernard Sheridan, Michael F. Rodriguez, Sergio Raul TI Multiple edifice-collapse events in the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt: The role of sloping substrate and implications for hazard assessment SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE edifice collapse; debris avalanche; instability; volcanic hazards; Mexican Volcanic Belt ID DEBRIS-AVALANCHE DEPOSIT; MOUNT-RAINIER; FUTURE HAZARDS; CASITA VOLCANO; SOURCE AREAS; LAHAR; FLOW; ARC; CITLALTEPETL; PLEISTOCENE AB The Citlaltepetl-Cofre de Perote volcanic chain forms an important physiographic barrier that separates the Central Altiplano (2500 masl) from the Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP) (1300 masl). The abrupt eastward drop in relief between these provinces gives rise to unstable conditions and consequent gravitational collapse of large volcanic edifices built at the edge of the Altiplano. Eastward sloping substrate, caused by the irregular configuration of the basement rocks, is the dominant factor that controls the direction of collapsing sectors in all major volcanoes in the region to be preferentially towards the GCP. These collapses produced voluminous debris avalanches and lahars that inundated the well-developed drainages and elastic aprons that characterize the Coastal Plain. Large catastrophic collapses from Ciflaltepetl, Las Cumbres, and Cofre de Perote volcanoes are well documented in the geologic record. Some of the avalanches and transformed flows have exceptionally long runouts and reach the Gulf of Mexico traveling more than 120 km from their source. So far, no direct evidence has been found for magmatic activity associated with the initiation of these catastrophic flank-collapses. Apparently, instability of the volcanic edifices has been strongly favored by very intense hydrothermal alteration, abrupt topographic change, and intense fracturing. In addition to the eastward slope of the substrate, the reactivation of pre-volcanic basement structures during the Late Tertiary, and the E-W to ENE-SSW oriented regional stress regimes may have played an important role in the preferential movement direction of the avalanches and flows. In addition to magmatic-hydrothermal processes, high amounts of rainfall in the area is another factor that enhances alteration and eventually weakens the rocks. It is very likely that seismic activity may be the principal triggering mechanism that caused the flank collapse of large volcanic edifices in the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt. However, critical pore water pressure from extraordinary amounts of rainfall associated with hurricanes or other meteorological perturbation cannot be ruled out, particularly for smaller volume collapses. There are examples in the area of small seismogenic debris flows that have occurred in historical times, showing that these processes are not uncommon. Assessing the stability conditions of major volcanic edifices that have experienced catastrophic sector collapses is crucial for forecasting future events. This is particularly true for the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt, where in many cases no magmatic activity was associated with the collapse. Therefore, edifice failure could occur again without any precursory warning. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. Smithsonian Inst, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Ciencias Tierra, Xalapa 91090, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Carrasco-Nunez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. EM gerardoc@geociencias.unam.mx NR 85 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.04.025 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 107ZB UT WOS:000242208400011 ER PT J AU Baker, ME Weller, DE Jordan, TE AF Baker, Matthew E. Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. TI Improved methods for quantifying potential nutrient interception by riparian buffers SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE riparian buffers; landscape metrics; land cover; nutrient filters; topographic analysis ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LAND-COVER; NITRATE REMOVAL; LANDSCAPE INDICATORS; SURFACE-WATER; GROUND-WATER; QUALITY; FOREST; ZONES AB Efforts to quantify the effects of riparian buffers on watershed nutrient discharges have been confounded by a commonly used analysis, which estimates buffer potential as the percentage of forest or wetland within a fixed distance of streams. Effective landscape metrics must instead be developed based on a clear conceptual model and quantified at the appropriate spatial scale. We develop new metrics for riparian buffers in two stages of increasing functional specificity to ask: (1) Which riparian metrics are more distinct from measures of whole watershed land cover? (2) Do functional riparian metrics provide different information than fixed-distance metrics? (3) How do these patterns vary within and among different physiographic settings? Using publicly available geographic data, we studied 503 watersheds in four different physiographic provinces of the Chesapeake Bay Drainage. In addition to traditional fixed-distance measures, we calculated mean buffer width, gap frequency, and measures of variation in buffer width using both "unconstrained" metrics and "flow-path" metrics constrained by surface topography. There were distinct patterns of relationship between watershed and near-stream land cover in each physiographic province and strong correlations with watershed land cover confounded fixed-distance metrics. Flow-path metrics were more independent of watershed land cover than either fixed-distance or unconstrained measures, but both functional metrics provided greater detail, interpretability, and flexibility than the fixed-distance approach. Potential applications of the new metrics include exploring the potential for land cover patterns to influence water quality, accounting for buffers in statistical nutrient models, quantifying spatial patterns for process-based modeling, and targeting management actions such as buffer restoration. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Baker, ME (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM matt.baker@usu.edu RI Baker, Matthew/I-2839-2014; OI Baker, Matthew/0000-0001-5069-0204; Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 58 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1327 EP 1345 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-0020-0 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 106GP UT WOS:000242089300012 ER EF