FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Brassington, NJ AF Brassington, N. J. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI LMXBs in the normal elliptical galaxy NGC 3379 SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID X-RAY SOURCES; BINARIES AB Presented here are the highlights from the deep Chandra observation of the elliptical galaxy NGC 3379. From the multi-epoch observation of this galaxy, 132 discrete X-ray sources have been detected within the region overlapped by all observations, 98 of which lie within the D(25) ellipse of the galaxy. Of these 132 sources, 71 exhibit long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects. Eleven of these sources have been identified as transient candidates, with a further 7 possible transients. In addition to this, from the joint Hubble/Chandra field of view, nine globular clusters (GCs) and 53 field low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) have been detected in the galaxy. Comparisons of these two populations reveals that at higher luminosities the field LMXBs and GC-LMXBs are similar. However, a significant lack of GC-LMXBs have been found at lower luminosities, indicating that not all LMXBs can form in GCs. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brassington, NJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 336 EP 338 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600071 ER PT S AU Liu, JF AF Liu, Jifeng BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Multiwavelength studies of ultraluminous supersoft sources SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida Off Res, Univ Florida Dept Astronomy ID X-RAY SOURCES; M81 AB Luminous supersoft X-ray sources found in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds are likely white dwarfs that steadily or cyclically burn accreted matter on their surface, which are promising type la supernova progenitors. Observations of distant galaxies with Chandra and XMM-Newton have revealed supersoft sources that are generally hotter and more luminous, including some ultraluminous supersoft sources (ULSs) that are either massive white dwarfs or intermediate mass black holes of a few thousand solar masses. While the two models give similar spectra in the X-ray, they give quite different spectra at lower energies because of the different behaviors of the accretion disks. Such difference can be revealed by the observations in the optical and infrared. We report on our HST studies of M81-ULS1, an ultraluminous supersoft source in the spiral galaxy M81, and show how the existing observations actually favor the intermediate mass black hole model against the massive white dwarf model. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 345 EP 347 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600074 ER PT S AU Gazeas, K Zezas, A Huchra, J Nantais, J Gallagher, JS AF Gazeas, K. Zezas, A. Huchra, J. Nantais, J. Gallagher, J. S. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI X-ray binary population and star formation history in M81 SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy AB We present preliminary results from a study of the X-ray source population and the star formation history (SFH) of the nearby galaxy M81, based on archival Chandra data and our HST/ACS survey. These data provide the deepest and most detailed picture of the stellar populations in this prototypical spiral galaxy. The preliminary analysis of the ACS data shows variations of the SFH across the galaxy. The Chandra observations allow us to classify the X-ray sources and study their link with the SFH. In combination with the ACS data we can identify their optical counterparts and classify them, based on their photometric properties. We can classify 80% of the detected X-ray sources as OB stars, globular clusters, giant/supergiant stars, and background AGNs, demonstrating the diagnostic power of combining high spatial resolution optical and X-ray observations. C1 [Gazeas, K.; Zezas, A.; Huchra, J.; Nantais, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden Str, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gallagher, J. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gazeas, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden Str, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA LTSA [NAG-13056]; HST [GO-10584.01A] FX This work has been supported by NASA LTSA grant NAG-13056 and HST grant GO-10584.01A. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 401 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600085 ER PT B AU Rajagopal, J Wallace, D Barry, R Richardson, LJ Traub, W Danchi, WC AF Rajagopal, J. Wallace, D. Barry, R. Richardson, L. J. Traub, W. Danchi, W. C. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI Near-infrared Keck Interferometer and IOTA closure phase observations of Wolf-Rayet stars SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY ID PINWHEEL NEBULA; DUST AB We present first results from observations of a small sample of IR-bright Wolf-Rayet stars with the Keck Interferometer in the near-infrared, and with the IONIC beam three-telescope beam combiner at the Infrared and Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) observatory. The former results were obtained as part of shared-risk observations in commissioning the Keck Interferometer and form a subset of a high-resolution study of dust around Wolf-Rayet stars using multiple interferometers in progress in our group. The latter results are the first closure phase observations of these stars in the near-infrared in a separated telescope interferometer. Earlier aperture-masking observations with the Keck-I telescope provide strong evidence that dust-formation in late-type WC stars are a result of wind-wind collision in short-period binaries. Our program with the Keck interferometer seeks to further examine this paradigm at much higher resolution. We have spatially resolved the binary in the prototypical dusty WC type star WR 140. WR 137, another episodic dust-producing star, has been partially resolved for the first time, providing the first direct clue to its possible binary nature. We also include WN stars in our sample to investigate circumstellar dust in this other main sub-type of WRs. We have been unable to resolve any of these, indicating a lack of extended dust. Complementary observations using the MIDI instrument on the VLTI in the mid-infrared are presented in another contribution to this workshop. C1 [Rajagopal, J.; Wallace, D.; Barry, R.; Richardson, L. J.; Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Traub, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rajagopal, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jayadev@iril.gsfc.nasa.gov; wtraub@cfa.harvard.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_71 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400071 ER PT B AU Barry, RK Danchi, WC Rajagopal, J Richardson, LJ Kuchner, M Wallace, D Chambers, VJ Martino, A Traub, W Ford, H Allen, RJ Seager, S AF Barry, R. K. Danchi, W. C. Rajagopal, J. Richardson, L. J. Kuchner, M. Wallace, D. Chambers, V. J. Martino, A. Traub, W. Ford, H. Allen, R. J. Seager, S. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI The NAME Fourier Kelvi NAME Stellar Interferometer TB A progress report and preliminary results from our laboratory testbed SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY AB The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) is a passively cooled, space-borne interferometer that has been developed for high angular resolution astrophysics in the near-to-mid IR wavelength range (3-8 microns). The scientific emphasis of the mission is on the direct detection of extrasolar giant planets, characterization of their atmospheres, and observation of secular changes in their atmospheric spectra. FKSI will also facilitate the search for brown dwarfs and Jupiter and sub-Jupiter mass planets and the study of the evolution of protostellar systems from the collapse of the precursor molecular cloud core through the formation of the disk surrounding the protostar, the formation of planets in the disk, and subsequent dispersal of the disk material. FKSI could also play a powerful role in the investigation of the structure of active galactic nuclei and extra-galactic star formation. While FKSI is a high angular resolution system complementary to JWST, it is also an important scientific and technological pathfinder for the TPF Interferometer and Darwin missions as well as NASA Vision missions SPIRIT, SPECS, and SAFIR. C1 [Barry, R. K.; Danchi, W. C.; Rajagopal, J.; Richardson, L. J.; Kuchner, M.; Wallace, D.; Chambers, V. J.; Martino, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Traub, W.; Ford, H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, R. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Seager, S.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Barry, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.k.barry@nasa.gov RI Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 547 EP 549 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_85 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400085 ER PT B AU Reinfeld, EL Bailey, JM Harman, P Lee, MH AF Reinfeld, Erika L. Bailey, Janelle M. Harman, Pamela Lee, Michele H. BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI Professional Development in the International Year of Astronomy: Expanding the Universe in the Classroom SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB This collaborative workshop explores strategies for teacher professional development around the origin and evolution of the universe, using the resources of the Beyond the Solar System Professional Development Project as a guide. C1 [Reinfeld, Erika L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bailey, Janelle M.] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Harman, Pamela] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Lee, Michele H.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Reinfeld, EL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500011 ER PT B AU Watzke, M Arcand, KK AF Watzke, Megan Arcand, Kimberly Kowal BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI An Overview of "From Earth to the Universe" in the International Year of Astronomy 2009 SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB We provide a summary of the "From Earth to the Universe'' (FETTU) project that endeavors to bring astronomical images to a wide audience during IYA2009. The goals of this project include displaying astronomical images and content-rich material to the public in non-traditional venues such as public parks, metro stations; art centers, and more. The FETTU project is designed to be flexible to match both the funding available and the desires of specific locations. C1 [Watzke, Megan; Arcand, Kimberly Kowal] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Watzke, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS 70,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500031 ER PT B AU Steel, SJ AF Steel, Simon J. BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI See What Galileo Saw-And More! With Online Telescopes SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB This presentation introduces the Galileo activity from MicroObservatory, an online robotic telescope network that can deliver images free of charge and within 24 hours to anyone with an email address. I will describe the MicroObservatory network, its free image processing software, and examples of how users can follow in Galileo's footsteps by making their own observations and comparing their both to Galileo's sketches and images from modern space telescopes and planetary missions. I will also describe a new "Observing with NASA" portal to MicroObservatory that is being developed for IYA. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Steel, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-71, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500040 ER PT B AU Reinfeld, EL Dussault, ME Steel, SJ Gould, RR Schnepps, M AF Reinfeld, Erika L. Dussault, Mary E. Steel, Simon J. Gould, Roy R. Schnepps, Matthew BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI IYA Resources from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB From museum exhibitions to professional development videos, the Science Education Department at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) has a. long tradition of producing high quality educational resources for students, teachers, and the public. This poster highlights new resources available to astronomers of all ages and backgrounds during the International Year of Astronomy in 2009. C1 [Reinfeld, Erika L.; Dussault, Mary E.; Steel, Simon J.; Gould, Roy R.; Schnepps, Matthew] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reinfeld, EL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-71, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 285 EP 287 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500044 ER PT B AU Dussault, M Smith, D Allen, J Backman, D Bartolone, L Bobrowsky, M Could, A Mendez, B Lochner, J Mayo, L Mclin, K Reinfeld, E Shupla, C Summers, F Thiemann, J Devore, E AF Dussault, Mary Smith, Denise Allen, Jaclyn Backman, Dana Bartolone, Lindsay Bobrowsky, Matthew Could, Alan Mendez, Bryan Lochner, James Mayo, Lou McLin, Kevin Reinfeld, Erika Shupla, Christine Summers, Frank Thiemann, James Devore, Edna BE Gibbs, MG Barnes, J Manning, JG Partridge, B TI Discover the Universe with NASA during the International Year of Astronomy: A Workshop for Astronomy Educators SO PREPARING FOR THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A HANDS-ON SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Related Workshops on International Year of Astronomy held in Conjunction with 212th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Astron Soc AB NASA's space science missions are working together to provide educators with the knowledge and materials they need to discover and share the universe with their audiences during the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) and beyond. In this daylong intensive workshop, participants experienced a prototype version of NASA's IYA workshop series for educators. They explored Earth's place in the universe; light, energy, and optics; and the nature of astronomical models and evidence while investigating how NASA's spaced-based missions extend Galileo's legacy. Discussions included how to find and use NASA content and resources in the classroom, after-school programs, libraries, science centers, and museums, as well as how to connect to the international IYA2009 Galileo Teacher Training Program and U.S. Families and Classrooms efforts. All references, resources, and handouts from the workshop are available online at http://www.universeforum.org/iyaworkshop/. C1 [Dussault, Mary; Reinfeld, Erika] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, Denise; Summers, Frank] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Allen, Jaclyn] NASA Johnson Space Flight Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Backman, Dana] NASA Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA USRA EPO & SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bartolone, Lindsay] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bobrowsky, Matthew] Authent Learning & Teaching LLC, Greenbelt, MD 20768 USA. [Could, Alan] Univ Calif, Lawrence Hall Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mendez, Bryan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Spa Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lochner, James; Mayo, Lou; Thiemann, James] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McLin, Kevin] Sonoma State Univ, Schulz Informat Ctr, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Shupla, Christine] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Devore, Edna] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Dussault, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-672-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 400 BP 396 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIT66 UT WOS:000262627500068 ER PT S AU Shumaker, RW Wich, SA Perkins, L AF Shumaker, Robert W. Wich, Serge A. Perkins, Lori BE Atsalis, S Margulis, SW Hof, PR TI Reproductive life history traits of female orangutans (Pongo spp.) SO PRIMATE REPRODUCTIVE AGING: CROSS-TAXON PERSPECTIVES SE INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS IN GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Primatologists CY AUG 16-19, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP SW Natl Primate Res Ctr ID SUMATRAN ORANGUTANS; PYGMAEUS; ABELII; BEHAVIOR; BIRTH AB Data from wild populations demonstrate that orangutans have the slowest life history of all the great apes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of reproduction and life history traits of female orangutans in the wild and captivity. This comparison of wild and captive data illustrates the variability that exists for orangutans. Wild orangutan females first reproduce at a mean age of 15.4 years, with an age range of 13-18 years, and they have a mean interbirth interval of 9.3 years. Wild male orangutans are conservatively estimated to live at least 58 years, and 53 years for females [1], and to date, there is no evidence to suggest that wild orangutans experience reproductive senescence. We use captive data from 2,566 individuals to show that in captivity orangutan females regularly begin reproducing at the age of 7 and have interbirth intervals that can be shorter than 1 year. We provide additional data that describe the onset and normalization of menses in a young adolescent orangutan as well as the reproductive cycles of three adult females of different ages. Although captive females routinely cycle and reproduce throughout much of their lifespan, age at last reproduction in captivity is 41, which is well before maximum female lifespan. To date, longevity in the wild and in captivity appears equivalent [2]. The reasons for the presence of a postreproductive lifespan in captivity as opposed to its absence in wild populations may be related to management issues. The above results indicate a need for more detailed comparisons between wild and captive orangutans using similar methodologies. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Shumaker, Robert W.; Wich, Serge A.] Great Ape Trust Iowa, Des Moines, IA 50320 USA. [Shumaker, Robert W.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Shumaker, Robert W.] George Mason Univ, Krasnow Inst Adv Study, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Shumaker, Robert W.] Drake Univ, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Shumaker, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Wich, Serge A.] Univ Utrecht, Res Grp Behav Biol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Perkins, Lori] Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shumaker, RW (reprint author), Great Ape Trust Iowa, 4200 SE,44th Ave, Des Moines, IA 50320 USA. OI Wich, Serge/0000-0003-3954-5174 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 34 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0074-1132 BN 978-3-8055-8522-4 J9 INTERDISC TOPICS GER JI Interdiscipl.Top.Gerontol. PY 2008 VL 36 BP 147 EP 161 PG 15 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Reproductive Biology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Reproductive Biology GA BIA33 UT WOS:000257886000010 PM 18523377 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Zolnerowich, G AF Kula, Robert R. Zolnerowich, Gregory TI Revision of New World Chaenusa Haliday sensu lato (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Alysiinae), with new species, synonymtes, hosts, and distribution records SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Dacnusini; Hydrellia; Potamogeton; parasitoids ID BLOTCH LEAFMINER DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AGROMYZIDAE AB The New World species of Chaenusa Haliday sensu lato are revised, and a diagnosis is provided for Chaenusa s.l. Four new species from North America, Chaenusa trumani Kula, Chaenusa virgili Kula, Chaenusa whartoni Kula, and Chaenusa woolleyi Kula, and two new species from South America, Chaenusa hirsutissima Kula and Chaenusa ireneae Kula, are described. Chaenusa americana (Riegel), new combination and Chaenusa saxicola (Riegel), new combination are transferred from Chorebidea Viereck. Chaenusa bergi (Riegel), revised combination is returned from Chorebidella Riegel. Chorebidea bessae Riegel is a new synonym of Cha. americana, and Chorebidea mcclurei Riegel is a new synonym of Cha. saxicola. Chaenusa anticostae Riegel and Chaenusa illinae Riegel are new synonyms of Chaenusa quadriceps (Ashmead). Chaenusa americana, Cha. bergi, Chaenusa californica Riegel, Cha. quadriceps, Chaenusa rossi Riegel, and Cha. saxicola, are redescribed. Host and spatiotemporal distribution data are provided, including new host and distribution records. The status of several holotypes is discussed, and a key to the New World species of Chaenusa s.l. is provided. C1 [Kula, Robert R.] USDA, ARS, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zolnerowich, Gregory] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov; gregz@ksu.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 1 EP 60 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.1.1 PG 60 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251AL UT WOS:000252342600001 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Ohishi, H AF Mathis, Wayne N. Ohishi, Hisashi TI Revision of the shore-fly genus Eremomusca Mathis (Diptera : Ephydridae) with description of a new species from Japan SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Eremomusca wakii; Ephydridae; shore flies; Japan AB A new species of Eremomusca, E. wakii, is described from specimens collected in Japan (Ayase City; 35 degrees 25.9'N, 139 degrees 25.9'E). For perspective, a diagnosis for Eremomusca is provided, and to facilitate identification a key to species of the genus, as well as figures of the head, thorax, abdomen, and wings, are provided. C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.] Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.1.67 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251AL UT WOS:000252342600003 ER PT J AU Hall, JPW AF Hall, Jason P. W. TI Theope revisited: A synopsis of new discoveries, with the description of three new species (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae : Nymphtdiini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Amazon; morphology; Nymphidiini; taxonomy; Theope AB Since the last revision of the Neotropical riodinid genus Theope Doubleday in 1999, several new Amazonian species have been discovered. These discoveries are summarized here. Two new species were described between 2002 and 2006, T. fayneli Gallard (nycteis group) and T minialba Gallard (miscellaneous group), and an additional three new species are described here, T. tetrastigmoides Hall (tetrastigma group), T. harrisi Hall (hypoleuca group), and T. euselasina Hall (eurygonina group). The genus Theope now contains 73 species and, with the proposal of the eurygonina group for T eurygonina Bates and T euselasina, fifteen species groups. The recently proposed subspecies name minimus Gallard is here synonymized with T. fayneli (n. syn.). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM hallja@si.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 144 EP 158 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.1.144 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251AL UT WOS:000252342600011 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ AF Gagne, Raymond J. TI Donald Morgan Anderson 1930-2005 - Obituary SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,Smithsonian Inst, Inst Plant Sci,Nat Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,Smithsonian Inst, Inst Plant Sci,Nat Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM raymond.gagne@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.1.263 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251AL UT WOS:000252342600025 ER PT S AU Korzennik, SG AF Korzennik, S. G. BE Gizon, L Roth, M TI YAOPBM - II: Extension to Higher Degrees and to Shorter Time Series SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND HELAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: HELIOSEISMOLOGY, ASTEROSEISMOLOGY AND MHD CONNECTIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections (HELAS II) CY AUG 20-24, 2007-2008 CL Gottingen, GERMANY AB In 2005, I presented a new fitting methodology (Yet AnOther Peak Bagging Method - YAOPBM), derived for very-long time series (2088-day-long) and applied it to low degree modes, l <= 25. That very-long time series was also sub-divided into shorter segments (728-day-long) that were each fitted over the same range of degrees, to estimate changes with solar activity levels. I present here the extension of this method in several "directions": a) to substantially higher degrees (l <= 125); b) to shorter time series (364- and 182-day-long); and c) to additional 728-day-long segments, covering now some 10 years of observations. I discuss issues with the fitting, namely the leakage matrix, and the f- and p(1) mode at very low frequencies, and I present some of the characteristics of the observed temporal changes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Korzennik, SG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM skorzennik@cfa.harvard.edu NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 118 AR 012082 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/118/1/012082 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BKI11 UT WOS:000268177900082 ER PT S AU Korzennik, SG Rabello-Soares, MC Schou, J AF Korzennik, S. G. Rabello-Soares, M. C. Schou, J. BE Gizon, L Roth, M TI High Degree Modes & Instrumental Effects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND HELAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: HELIOSEISMOLOGY, ASTEROSEISMOLOGY AND MHD CONNECTIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections (HELAS II) CY AUG 20-24, 2007-2008 CL Gottingen, GERMANY ID SOLAR; ROTATION AB Full-disk observations taken with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, or the upgraded Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) instruments, have enough spatial resolution to resolve modes up to l = 1000 if not l = 1500. The inclusion of such high-degree modes (i.e., l <= 1000) improves dramatically inferences near the surface. Unfortunately, observational and instrumental effects cause the characterization of high degree modes to be quite complicated. Indeed, the chaxacteristics of the solar acoustic spectrum are such that, for a given order, mode lifetimes get shorter and spatial leaks get closer in frequency as the degree of a mode increases. A direct consequence of this property is that individual modes are resolved only at low and intermediate degrees. At high degrees the individual modes blend into ridges and the power distribution of the ridge defines the ridge central frequency, masking the underlying mode frequency. An accurate model of the amplitude of the peaks that contribute to the ridge power distribution is needed to recover the underlying mode frequency from fitting the ridge. We present a detailed discussion of the modeling of the ridge power distribution, and the contribution of the various observational and instrumental effects on the spatial leakage, in the context of the MDI instrument. We have constructed a physically motivated model (rather than an ad hoc correction scheme) that results in a methodology that can produce unbiased estimates of high-degree modes. This requires that the instrumental characteristics axe well understood, a task that has turned out to pose a major challenge. We also present our latest results, where most of the known instrumental and observational effects that affect specifically high-degree modes were removed. These new results allow us to focus our attention on changes with solar activity. Finally, we present variations of mode frequencies resulting from solar activity over most of solar cycle 23. We present the correlation of medium and high degree modes with different solar indices. Our results confirm that the frequency shift scaled by the relative mode inertia is a function of frequency alone and follows a simple power law. C1 [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rabello-Soares, M. C.; Schou, J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Korzennik, SG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM skorzennik@cfa.harvard.edu RI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/C-3207-2013; OI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-0172-3713 FU NASA at Stanford University [NNG05GH14G, NNG05GD58G] FX The Solar Oscillations Investigation (SOI) involving MDI is supported by NASA grant NNG05GH14G at Stanford University. SOHO is a mission of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. SGK is supported by NASA grant NNG05GD58G. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 118 AR 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/118/1/012027 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BKI11 UT WOS:000268177900027 ER PT S AU Molenda-Zakowicz, J Frasca, A Latham, D Jerzykiewicz, M AF Molenda-Zakowicz, Joanna Frasca, Antonio Latham, David Jerzykiewicz, Mikolaj BE Gizon, L Roth, M TI Spectroscopic and photometric study of Kepler asteroseismic targets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND HELAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: HELIOSEISMOLOGY, ASTEROSEISMOLOGY AND MHD CONNECTIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections (HELAS II) CY AUG 20-24, 2007-2008 CL Gottingen, GERMANY ID ELODIE ECHELLE SPECTRA; PARAMETERS T-EFF; ONLINE DETERMINATION; LOG G; FE/H AB Kepler is a new NASA space mission that is scheduled for the launch in February 2009. We describe Kepler's scientific goals and the asteroseismic part of its investigation. Then, we present our program of ground-based spectroscopic and photometric observations of Kepler asteroseismic targets and we show results obtained by us in the first two years of its realization. C1 [Molenda-Zakowicz, Joanna; Jerzykiewicz, Mikolaj] Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego, Inst Astron, Ul Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Frasca, Antonio] Osserv Astrofis Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Latham, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Molenda-Zakowicz, J (reprint author), Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego, Inst Astron, Ul Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM molenda@astro.uni.wroc.pl; afr@oact.inaf.it; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu; mjerz@astro.uni.wroc.pl OI Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896 FU MNiSW [203 014 31/2650]; WrocAlaw University [2646/W/IA/06, 2793/W/IA/07]; Italian governmental [BWM-III-87-WAlochy/ED-W/06]; Socrates Erasmus [33] FX This work was partly supported by the MNiSW grant No N 203 014 31/2650, the WrocAlaw University grants No 2646/W/IA/06 and 2793/W/IA/07, the Italian governmental fellowship No BWM-III-87-WAlochy/ED-W/06 and the Socrates Erasmus Program Akcja 2 2006-2007, contract No 33. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 118 AR 012065 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/118/1/012065 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BKI11 UT WOS:000268177900065 ER PT J AU Walsh, AJ Lo, N Burton, MG White, GL Purcell, CR Longmore, SN Phillips, CJ Brooks, KJ AF Walsh, Andrew J. Lo, Nadia Burton, Michael G. White, Graeme L. Purcell, Cormac R. Longmore, Steven N. Phillips, Chris J. Brooks, Kate J. TI A pilot survey for the H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE masers; surveys; stars : formation; ISM : molecules; Galaxy : structure ID H-II REGIONS; MASERS; EMISSION; AMMONIA; GALAXY AB We describe observations with the Mopra radiotelescope designed to assess the feasibility of the H2O Maser Southern Galactic Plane Survey. We mapped two one-square-degree regions along the Galactic plane using the new 12-mm receiver and the UNSW Mopra spectrometer. We covered the entire spectrum between 19.5 and 27.5 GHz using this setup with the main aim of finding out which spectral lines can be detected with a quick mapping survey. We report on detected emission from H2O masers, NH3 inversion transitions (1,1), (2,2) and (3,3), HC3N (3-2), as well as several radio recombination lines. C1 [Walsh, Andrew J.; White, Graeme L.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Astron, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Lo, Nadia; Burton, Michael G.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Lo, Nadia; Phillips, Chris J.; Brooks, Kate J.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Purcell, Cormac R.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Longmore, Steven N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Walsh, AJ (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Ctr Astron, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM andrew.walsh@jcu.edu.au RI Walsh, Andrew/B-5627-2013; OI Walsh, Andrew/0000-0001-9506-0855; Purcell, Cormac/0000-0002-7491-7386; Burton, Michael/0000-0001-7289-1998; Brooks, Kate/0000-0001-9373-8992 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1071/AS07053 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 318QP UT WOS:000257107000006 ER PT J AU Gaensler, BM Madsen, GJ Chatterjee, S Mao, SA AF Gaensler, B. M. Madsen, G. J. Chatterjee, S. Mao, S. A. TI The Vertical Structure of Warm Ionised Gas in the Milky Way SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Review DE galaxies: ISM; Galaxy: halo, structure; globular clusters: general; ISM: structure; pulsars: general ID HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; PULSAR DISPERSION MEASURES; RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; H-ALPHA EMISSION; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; GALACTIC DISK; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; ELECTRON-DENSITY AB We present a new joint analysis of pulsar dispersion measures and diffuse Ha emission in the Milky Way, which we use to derive the density, pressure and filling factor of the thick disk component of the warm ionised medium (WIM) as a function of height above the Galactic disk. By excluding sightlines at low Galactic latitude that are contaminated by HII regions and spiral arms, we find that the exponential scale-height of free electrons in the diffuse WIM is 1830(-250)(+120) pc, a factor of two larger than has been derived in previous studies. The corresponding inconsistent scale heights for dispersion measure and emission measure imply that the vertical profiles of mass and pressure in the WIM are decoupled, and that the filling factor of WIM clouds is a geometric response to the competing environmental influences of thermal and non-thermal processes. Extrapolating the properties of the thick-disk WIM to mid-plane, we infer a volume-averaged electron density 0.014 +/- 0.001 cm(-3), produced by clouds of typical electron density 0.34 +/- 0.06 cm(-3) with a volume filling factor 0.04 +/- 0.01. As one moves off the plane, the filling factor increases to a maximum of similar to 30% at a height of approximate to 1-1.5 kpc, before then declining to accommodate the increasing presence of hot, coronal gas. Since models for the WIM with a approximate to 1 kpc scale- height have been widely used to estimate distances to radio pulsars, our revised parameters suggest that the distances to many high-latitude pulsars have been substantially underestimated. C1 [Gaensler, B. M.; Madsen, G. J.; Chatterjee, S.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Madsen, G. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mao, S. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gaensler, BM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM bgaensler@usyd.edu.au RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 FU Australian Research Council [FF0561298]; National Science Foundation [AST-0607512] FX We thank Bob Benjamin, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Jim Cordes, Ralf-Jurgen Dettmar, Craig Heinke, Jeff Hester, Adam Leroy, Jay Lockman, Naomi McClure-Griffiths, Dick Manchester and Stephen Ng for useful discussions. We also thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments that led to the addition of Section 4.2 to the paper. B. M. G. acknowledges the support of a Federation Fellowship from the Australian Research Council through grant FF0561298. G.J.M. acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0607512. NR 109 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 184 EP 200 DI 10.1071/AS08004 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376HU UT WOS:000261175500005 ER PT J AU Murphy, TW Adelberger, EG Battat, JBR Carey, LN Hoyle, CD LeBlanc, P Michelsen, EL Nordtvedt, K Orin, AE Strasburg, JD Stubbs, CW Swanson, HE Williams, E AF Murphy, T. W., Jr. Adelberger, E. G. Battat, J. B. R. Carey, L. N. Hoyle, C. D. LeBlanc, P. Michelsen, E. L. Nordtvedt, K. Orin, A. E. Strasburg, J. D. Stubbs, C. W. Swanson, H. E. Williams, E. TI The apache point observatory lunar laser-ranging operation: Instrument description and first detections SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SUPERNOVAE; GRAVITY AB A next-generation lunar laser-ranging apparatus using the 3.5 m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in southern New Mexico has begun science operation. The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) has achieved 1 mm range precision to the moon, which should lead to approximately 1 order-of-magnitude improvements in several tests of fundamental properties of gravity. We briefly outline the scientific goals, and then give a detailed discussion of the APOLLO instrumentation. C1 [Murphy, T. W., Jr.; LeBlanc, P.; Michelsen, E. L.; Orin, A. E.; Williams, E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Adelberger, E. G.; Swanson, H. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Battat, J. B. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carey, L. N.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hoyle, C. D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Nordtvedt, K.] NW Anal, Bozeman, MT USA. [Strasburg, J. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Murphy, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tmurphy@physics.ucsd.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 27 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 863 BP 20 EP 37 DI 10.1086/526428 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256VO UT WOS:000252758200004 ER PT J AU Braje, TJ Rick, TC Erlandson, JM AF Braje, Todd J. Rick, Torben C. Erlandson, Jon M. TI AMS radiocarbon dating of giant rock scallop (Hinnites multirugosus) artifacts from San Miguel Island, California, USA SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MIDDLE STONE-AGE; SHELL BEADS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CHANNEL-ISLANDS; RESERVOIR AGES; ANTIQUITY; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA; TRADE AB For at least 100,000 yr, marine shell beads have been important ornamental and symbolic artifacts intimately associated with the behavior of anatomically modern human,.;. In California, giant rock scallop (Hinnites multirugosus) beads were once thought to have been used only for the last 1000 yr, where they were considered to be markers of high social status among the Chumash Indians of the Santa Barbara Channel region. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of I giant rock scallop ornament and 2 beads from San Miguel Island extends the use of this shell for personal adornment to at least 8000 cal BP. Our study emphasizes the importance of direct AMS C-14 dating of artifacts to enhance cultural chronologies and clarify the antiquity of various technologies and associated behaviors. Our results also caution archaeologists when equating artifact rarity with sociopolitical complexity. C1 [Braje, Todd J.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Braje, TJ (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tjb50@humboldt.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0613982]; Channel Islands National Park; Marine Conservation Biology Institute; Western National Parks Association; University of Oregon FX Our research was supported by a National Science Foundation grant (BCS-0613982, Braje and Erlandson), Channel Islands National Park, a Mia Tegner Memorial Grant (Erlandson and Braje) from the Marine Conservation Biology Institute, the Western National Parks Association, and the University of Oregon. At Channel Islands National Park, we thank Kelly Minas, Ann Huston, and Ian Williams for their continued support of our research. Erik Erlandson, Tracy Garcia, Dustin Kennedy, and Joel Wirtz helped during field work. Finally, we are indebted to Fiona Petchey, 2 anonymous reviewers, and Mark McClure and the editorial staff at Radiocarbon for assistance in the review, revision, and production of this paper. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 EI 1945-5755 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 346TH UT WOS:000259091600004 ER PT S AU Zhao, JH An, T AF Zhao, Jun-Hui An, Tao BE Bianco, CL Xue, SS TI Dense and warm molecular gas in Arp 220 SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Italian-Sino Workshop on Relativistic Astrophysics CY JUL 20-28, 2007 CL Pescara, ITALY SP ICRANet DE submillimter; molecular clouds; galaxy mergers ID ARP 220; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GALAXIES; NUCLEUS; CO; CLOUDS; STARBURSTS; EMISSION; IC-4553 AB We present the results from the observations of Arp 220 in multiple CO spectral line transitions of J=6-5, J=3-2, J=2-1 and the isotope (CO)-C-13 at J=2-1 at 690, 340 and 230 GHz using the Submillimeter Array (SMA) with the angular resolutions of sub-arcsec to a few arcsec. Based on the measured line ratios, we modeled the excitation conditions of the molecular clouds in the nuclear region of Arp 220, suggesting that the CO J=6-5 emission arises from dense (n(H-2)similar to 10(5) cm(-3)) and warm (T-k similar to 60 K) cloud components. Each of the four CO J=6-5 clumps contains at least a few times 10(8) M-circle dot molecular gas. The dense and warm molecular clouds are likely the consequence of inelastic collisions between the molecular clouds in the counterrotating nuclear disks. Properties determined from these high-density regions suggest that they are in the early stage of star formation. The study of Arp 220 could provide us detailed information on the astrophysical processes in the galaxies at high red-shifts. C1 [Zhao, Jun-Hui] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [An, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, JH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica; NSFC [10503008, 10333020] FX The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. Tao An was supported in part by NSFC (10503008,10333020). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0483-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 966 BP 77 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHH42 UT WOS:000253292800015 ER PT J AU Songsasen, N Stein, P Schultz, RM Travis, AJ Wildt, DE Pukazhenthi, BP AF Songsasen, N. Stein, P. Schultz, R. M. Travis, A. J. Wildt, D. E. Pukazhenthi, B. P. TI Lack of ability to regulate kinase activities may be responsible for meiotic incompetence in the dog oocyte SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Songsasen, N.; Wildt, D. E.; Pukazhenthi, B. P.] Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. [Stein, P.; Schultz, R. M.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Travis, A. J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 MA 253 BP 206 EP 206 DI 10.1071/RDv20n1Ab253 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 239XB UT WOS:000251550500265 ER PT S AU Vencl, FV Nishida, K AF Vencl, Fredric V. Nishida, Kenji BE Jolivet, P SantiagoBlay, J Schmitt, M TI A new gall-inducing shining leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Thailand and its relevance to the evolution of herbivory in leaf beetles SO RESEARCH ON CHRYSOMELIDAE, VOL 1 SE Research on Chrysomelidae LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE gall; Oulema; Commelina; Monocotyledonae; Chrysomelidae; Criocerinae ID ENEMY-FREE-SPACE; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; INSECTS; HYMENOPTERA; COMPETITION; DEFENSE AB Extremely few gall-inducing Coleoptera attack Monocotyledonae. We describe and report on a new species of true shining leaf beetle, whose larvae form complex, multilayered galls on the host plant. During a field survey in Western Thailand, a galling member of the genus Oulema (Criocerinae) was discovered in a premontane rainforest attacking Commelina paludosa, a member of the monocotyledonous dayflowers (Commelinaceae). Our report is the first instance of a galling member of the genus Oulema and is described herein O. reclusa. The galler's adult habitus exhibits the general traits typical of the genus Oulema: front of the head between the eyes narrow, with the sides forming an angle of more than 90 degrees; emarginate pronotum, moderately constricted below the middle; antennae filiform, longer than half the body length; two small protuberances on the vertex, almost touching; claws connate; 9th elytral stria with a complete row of punctures. The larva is extremely reduced, lacking discernable setae, a dorsal anus, ambulatory warts and ocelli. Our observation of a coleopterous gall-inducer may be the first on a monocot. Despite the fact that the putative sister taxa of the Criocerinae are the Sagrinae and the Bruchidae, gall-inducers and seed feeders respectively, we believe that gall-induction, as well as leaf mining in Oulema, are derived trophic habits within the Criocerinae. We discuss the relevance of this discovery to the evolution of ecto-and endophagy in the Criocerinae, a very basal subfamily within the broad Chrysomelidae radiation. C1 [Vencl, Fredric V.] SUNY Stony Brook, Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Vencl, Fredric V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Nishida, Kenji] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Sistema Estudios Posgrad Biol, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica. RP Vencl, FV (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM fvencl@life.bio.sunysb.edu; knishida@cariari.ucr.ac.cr NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-3111 BN 978-90-47-42785-8; 978-90-04-15204-5 J9 RES CHRYSOMELIDAE PY 2008 VL 1 BP 246 EP 259 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BE0JL UT WOS:000366167400014 ER PT S AU Cuignet, M Windsor, D Reardon, J Hance, T AF Cuignet, Marie Windsor, Donald Reardon, Jessica Hance, Thierry BE Jolivet, P SantiagoBlay, J Schmitt, M TI The diversity and specificity of parasitoids attacking Neotropical tortoise beetles (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) SO RESEARCH ON CHRYSOMELIDAE, VOL 1 SE Research on Chrysomelidae LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cassidinae; Eulophidae; Tachinidae; parasitoids; parasitism ID SHIELD; HYMENOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE; MORTALITY; DEFENSE; PLANT AB Tortoise beetles have numerous adaptations to keep enemies at bay - including tightly-aggregated larvae that move synchronously about the food plant, construction of predator-deterring exuvio-fecal shields, maternal guarding of immatures, and adults that pull their carapace flush to the leaf to escape enemies. Despite these and other adaptations this subfamily of Chrysomelidae has been regarded as one of the most heavily parasitized. To better describe the impact and diversity of the parasitoid community which successfully evades these defenses we collected and reared the immature and adult stages of 47 species of Panamanian Cassidinae obtaining at least 41 species of parasitoids. Over half of the species obtained (26) were egg parasitoids (Eulophidae, Entedoninae), 20 of those Emersonella species, 13 undescribed at the time of the study. Phoresy was confirmed in at least six Emersonella species, two of which emerged from the eggs of 11 and 13 different host species. Nevertheless, the majority of Eulophidae species (15 of 26) were reared from a single host. Additionally, five species of Chalcidae, eight species of Tachinidae, two Nematomorpha and the lepidopteran, Schacontia sp. (Crambidae) were obtained from rearings of larvae, pupae and adults. One tachinid species (Eucelatoria sp.) infected the larval stage of Chelymorpha alternans, and was found in the abdomens of 27.6 percent of dissected adults. C1 [Cuignet, Marie; Hance, Thierry] Ctr Rech Biodivers, Unite Ecol & Biogeog, Louvain La Neuve 1348, Belgium. [Windsor, Donald] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. [Reardon, Jessica] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Cuignet, M (reprint author), Ctr Rech Biodivers, Unite Ecol & Biogeog, 4 & 5 Pl Croix du Sud, Louvain La Neuve 1348, Belgium. EM cuignet@ecol.ucl.ac.be; windsord@tivoli.si.edu NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-3111 BN 978-90-47-42785-8; 978-90-04-15204-5 J9 RES CHRYSOMELIDAE PY 2008 VL 1 BP 345 EP 367 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BE0JL UT WOS:000366167400021 ER PT J AU Zohar, Y Hines, AH Zmora, O Johnson, EG Lipcius, RN Seitz, RD Eggleston, DB Place, AR Schott, EJ Stubblefield, JD Chung, JS AF Zohar, Yonathan Hines, Anson H. Zmora, Oded Johnson, Eric G. Lipcius, Romuald N. Seitz, Rochelle D. Eggleston, David B. Place, Allen R. Schott, Eric J. Stubblefield, John D. Chung, J. Sook TI The Chesapeake Bay blue crab (Callinectes sapidus): A multidisciplinary approach to responsible stock replenishment SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE breeding stock restoration; hatchery; tag and recapture; release strategies; stock enhancement ID SPAWNING STOCK; ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; RELEASE STRATEGIES; GENETIC-MARKERS; HATCHERY; JUVENILE; WILD; FISH AB The Chesapeake Bay has traditionally been one of North America's most productive fishing grounds, supporting the world's largest blue crab fishery. During the last several decades, fishing mortality and environmental degradation led to 70% drop in the bay's blue crab abundance, 84% decline in its spawning stock, and historically low levels of juvenile recruitment as well as nursery habitats being below carrying capacity. This situation makes the Chesapeake Bay blue crab an appropriate candidate for responsible stock enhancement. A multidisciplinary, multi-institutional program was developed to study the basic biology and life cycle of the blue crab, develop hatchery and nursery technologies for mass production of blue crab juveniles, and assess the potential of using cultured juveniles to enhance blue crab breeding stocks and, in turn, bay-wide abundance and harvests. Basic biology and culture studies enabled closing the life cycle of the blue crab in captivity. Juvenile crabs have been produced year round, with excellent survival. During 2002-2006, over 290,000 cultured crabs were tagged and experimentally released into the bay's nursery habitats. Cultured crabs survived as well as their wild counterparts, increased local populations at release sites by 50-250%, grew quickly to sexual maturity, mated, and migrated from the release sites to spawning grounds, contributing to the breeding stock as soon as 5 to 6 months post-release. Findings reported in this text and other articles in this volume are indicative of the feasibility of our approach of using hatchery juveniles to replenish the blue crab breeding stocks in the Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Zohar, Yonathan; Zmora, Oded; Johnson, Eric G.; Place, Allen R.; Schott, Eric J.; Stubblefield, John D.; Chung, J. Sook] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Hines, Anson H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Lipcius, Romuald N.; Seitz, Rochelle D.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Eggleston, David B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zohar, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM zohar@umbi.umd.edu RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013; OI Seitz, Rochelle/0000-0001-8044-7424 NR 76 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1080/10641260701681623 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300003 ER PT J AU Eggleston, DB Johnson, EG Kellison, GT Plaia, GR Huggett, CL AF Eggleston, David B. Johnson, Eric G. Kellison, G. Todd Plaia, Gayle R. Huggett, Cynthia L. TI Pilot evaluation of early juvenile blue crab stock enhancement using a replicated BACI design SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE BACI; blue crabs; density-dependence; stock enhancement; translocation ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN AB We quantified whether local populations of early juvenile blue crabs (J1-2) could be enhanced through the translocation of crabs to underutilized nursery habitats, and if enhancement success, survival, and potential impacts of stocked crabs on their benthic prey varied in a density-dependent manner. Using plankton nets, 143,000 blue crab megalopae were collected as they ingressed into Pamlico Sound, NC. Of these, 13,800 early juvenile blue crabs (J1-2 stages) were then stocked at potential nursery sites relatively far removed (32-70 km) from their initial settlement areas using a replicated before-after control impact (BACI) experimental design. On average, there was negative enhancement success (-34%) five weeks after local crab enhancement, and no evidence of density-dependent enhancement success, mortality, or impact on potential crab prey. Poor stocking success was likely due to pelagic emigration from enhancement sites relative to controls. Attempts to assess the feasibility of stocking blue crabs at local scales of small coves should (i) probably not consider J1-2 stages because of their apparent propensity to emigrate from these areas, or (ii) further assess the effects of geomorphology and wind fetch of release sites on density-dependent emigration. C1 [Eggleston, David B.; Plaia, Gayle R.; Huggett, Cynthia L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, Eric G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Kellison, G. Todd] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Nat Marine Fisheries S, Miami, FL USA. RP Eggleston, DB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM eggleston@ncsu.edu NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1080/10641260701681664 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300011 ER PT J AU Aguilar, R Johnson, EG Hines, AH Kramer, MA Goodison, MR AF Aguilar, Robert Johnson, Eric G. Hines, Anson H. Kramer, Margaret A. Goodison, Michael R. TI Importance of blue crab life history for stock enhancement and spatial management of the fishery in Chesapeake Bay SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE Callinectes sapidus; marine sanctuary; corridor; migration; overharvest; restocking ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; SPAWNING STOCK; EPISODIC HYPOXIA; HABITAT; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; CONNECTIVITY; RESTOCKING AB Due to over-harvesting and habitat degradation, spawning stock abundance and biomass of the Chesapeake Bay blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) has declined over 80% in the last 15 years. In addition, only a small portion (11-22%) of the spawning stock migrates successfully to the historic spawning areas of the lower estuary. As a result, recent management goals to decrease harvests and increase spawning stock biomass have been adopted by the different Chesapeake Bay regulatory agencies. The crisis has also prompted an experimental assessment of the potential for stock enhancement to increase the number of spawners. While much of the current stock enhancement work has focused on assessing the competency of hatchery-reared individuals and identifying key processes that optimize survival and growth of juveniles to maturity, less attention has been paid to examining factors that influence the long-term efficacy of stock enhancement efforts. Here we discuss important interactions between blue crab life history, stock enhancement efforts, and management options available to increase the standing stock of mature females in Chesapeake Bay. We propose the establishment of migration corridors to protect female blue crabs when they undergo the long-distance migration after mating to lower Bay spawning areas. C1 [Aguilar, Robert; Johnson, Eric G.; Hines, Anson H.; Kramer, Margaret A.; Goodison, Michael R.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Aguilar, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM aguilarr@si.edu RI Aguilar, Robert/O-2480-2016 OI Aguilar, Robert/0000-0001-8732-5382 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1080/10641260701681599 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300014 ER PT J AU Hines, AH Johnson, EG Young, AC Aguilar, R Kramer, MA Goodison, M Zmora, O Zohar, Y AF Hines, Anson H. Johnson, Eric G. Young, Alicia C. Aguilar, Robert Kramer, Margaret A. Goodison, Michael Zmora, Oded Zohar, Yonathan TI Release strategies for estuarine species with complex migratory life cycles: Stock enhancement of Chesapeake blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE stock enhancement; release strategies; estuary; blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; Chesapeake Bay ID BAY; JUVENILE; INVERTEBRATE; FISHERIES; MORTALITY; MOVEMENT; SIZE AB Responsible stock enhancement requires rigorous experiments to develop release strategies that account for movement of all life-history stages among habitats across inshore-offshore and estuarine gradients. However, crab stock enhancement research to date has focused primarily on hatchery production, with only limited field assessments of the efficacy of releases to increase the target population. This paper summarizes ongoing research to develop effective release strategies for hatchery-reared juveniles to augment the spawning biomass of Chesapeake Bay blue crabs, which has declined 80% in 15 years and appears to be recruitment limited. Our release experiments focused on three factors: (1) components of preparation and release, which included life stage and size at release, pre-release conditioning to minimize differences between hatchery and wild crabs, and micro-habitat and micro-timing of release; (2) stocking variables, particularly seasonal timing of release and stocking density; and (3) site selection and coordination, including release macro-habitat and location of release sites along environmental gradients, emphasizing coordination of release site and fishing pressure with migration corridors linking nurseries to spawning areas. In the first 5 years of research, we demonstrated that small (1,000-10,000) cohorts of hatchery reared, 20 mm, 7th-instar juvenile blue crabs can be tagged and released into small (1-10 ha) coves, and that these cohorts can be followed successfully to quantify growth, survivorship, and productivity of the enhanced population. We also determined the timing and routes of migration using a tag-reward system with the cooperation of fishers. Our multifaceted research strategy provides a model for responsible approaches to stock enhancement of other species with complex migratory life cycles. C1 [Hines, Anson H.; Johnson, Eric G.; Young, Alicia C.; Aguilar, Robert; Kramer, Margaret A.; Goodison, Michael] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Zmora, Oded; Zohar, Yonathan] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Hines, AH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM hinesa@si.edu RI Aguilar, Robert/O-2480-2016 OI Aguilar, Robert/0000-0001-8732-5382 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1080/10641260701678090 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300020 ER PT J AU Johnson, EG Hines, AH Kramer, MA Young, AC AF Johnson, Eric G. Hines, Anson H. Kramer, Margaret A. Young, Alicia C. TI Importance of season and size of release to stocking success for the blue crab in Chesapeake Bay SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE stock enhancement; release strategies; blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; survival ID BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; STRIPED MULLET; SPATIAL SCALES; SHALLOW-WATER; ENHANCEMENT; MORTALITY; DENSITY; SURVIVAL; PREDATOR AB A critical step toward optimizing the success of stock enhancement is to identify release strategies that maximize survival and enhance growth of released hatchery-reared individuals. A key, but often overlooked, consideration for optimizing release strategies is the interaction of factors (e.g., release season, release size, stocking density, release habitat, etc.). Here, we summarize seasonal and size-dependent patterns of survival and growth for juvenile blue crabs using long-term field tethering and experimental releases of hatchery-reared cohorts within the Rhode and South Rivers, Maryland, USA, and review the direct and interactive effects of these factors. Survival of both tethered and free-ranging hatchery-reared juvenile crabs was high in early spring and fall and lowest in summer. Survival was largely independent of size during spring and fall, but increased with size in summer, indicating that optimal size at release varies seasonally. Hatchery-reared juveniles from spring releases grew rapidly, matured during their first season, and migrated to the spawning sanctuary in the fall of their first year. While release season and size each had direct effects on enhancement success, the results also highlight the important interaction between release season and size on enhancement success using the blue crab in Chesapeake Bay as a model. C1 [Johnson, Eric G.; Hines, Anson H.; Kramer, Margaret A.; Young, Alicia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Johnson, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM johnsoneg@si.edu NR 52 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1080/10641260701696837 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300027 ER PT J AU Young, AC Johnson, EG Davis, JLD Hines, AH Zmora, O Zohar, Y AF Young, Alicia C. Johnson, Eric G. Davis, Jana L. D. Hines, Anson H. Zmora, Oded Zohar, Yonathan TI Do hatchery-reared blue crabs differ from wild crabs, and does it matter? SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE stock enhancement; restocking; Callinectes sapidus; blue crab; conditioning; hatchery methods ID LOBSTERS HOMARUS-GAMMARUS; MARINE STOCK ENHANCEMENT; JUVENILE QUEEN CONCH; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; STROMBUS-GIGAS; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; FISH; INVERTEBRATE AB Successful use of hatchery-reared juveniles to enhance recruitment-limited populations or severely depleted stocks is contingent upon their ability to survive and grow upon release into the wild. Hatchery conditions often result in juveniles that exhibit morphological, physiological, or behavioral characteristics different from their wild counterparts. Managers of stock enhancement or restocking programs need to assess whether any such deficiencies translate into differences in performance between hatchery-reared and wild juveniles in the field. If so, the deficits may be minimized through conditioning strategies. In this review, we summarize various aspects of the morphology and behavior of cultured and wild blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, and compare our work on these crabs to studies on other invertebrates. We identify similarities and differences between cultured blue crabs and wild conspecifics. In some cases where differences existed, conditioning of the hatchery-reared crabs before release rapidly mitigated the defects, and, overall, any remaining differences did not translate into decreased survival. We conclude that there are no significant impediments to the fitness of hatchery-reared blue crabs used in release programs. C1 [Young, Alicia C.; Johnson, Eric G.; Davis, Jana L. D.; Hines, Anson H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Zmora, Oded; Zohar, Yonathan] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Davis, Jana L. D.] Chesapeake Bay Trust, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Young, AC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM younga@si.edu NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1080/10641260701684122 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300028 ER PT J AU Cheng, YX Wu, XG Yang, XZ Hines, AH AF Cheng, Yongxu Wu, Xugan Yang, Xiaozhen Hines, Anson H. TI Current trends in hatchery techniques and stock enhancement for Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir japonica sinensis SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE mitten crab; Eriocheir japonica sinensis; hatchery technique; pond culture; stock enhancement AB Aquaculture of the Native Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir japonica sinensis) has developed quickly in China to reach 570,000 mt in 2005, which exceeds all other worldwide production of crab from aquaculture and capture fisheries combined. We review the development of aquaculture techniques and stock enhancement that account for this successful production of Chinese mitten crabs. There are two models for mitten crab larviculture. In the first model, intensive larviculture occurs in indoor concrete ponds, with conditions of temperature control, aeration, and a plentiful supply of food (algae, egg yolk, rotifers, Artemia nauplii). In the second model, outdoor extensive larviculture occurs in earth ponds with no temperature control. Grow-out of the mitten crab focuses on release of cultured seed crabs into net enclosures in lakes. As a rule, the production of adult crabs is 150-450 kg/ha and as high as 975 kg/ha. Recently, Chinese researchers noticed deterioration of water quality and the exhaustion of natural food resources in many lakes due to over-stocking crabs, and many studies are now beginning to investigate a model for the sustainable aquaculture of Chinese mitten crab in these systems. C1 [Cheng, Yongxu; Wu, Xugan; Yang, Xiaozhen] Shanghai Fisheries Univ, Key Lab Aquat Genet Resources & Aquaculture Ecol, Minist Agr, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. [Hines, Anson H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Cheng, YX (reprint author), Shanghai Fisheries Univ, Key Lab Aquat Genet Resources & Aquaculture Ecol, Minist Agr, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. EM yxcheng@shfu.edu.cn NR 25 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1080/10641260701681698 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300041 ER PT B AU Buchanan, CL Gallimore, JF O'Dea, CP Baum, SA Axon, DJ Robinson, A Elitzur, M Elvis, M AF Buchanan, Catherine L. Gallimore, Jack F. O'Dea, Christopher P. Baum, Stefi A. Axon, David J. Robinson, Andrew Elitzur, Moshe Elvis, Martin BE Chary, RR Teplitz, HI Sheth, K TI Infrared SEDs of Seyfert galaxies: Starbursts and the nature of the obscuring medium SO SECOND ANNUAL SPITZER SCIENCE CENTER CONFERENCE: INFRARED DIAGNOSTICS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Spitzer Science Center Conference on Infrared Diagnostics of Galaxy Evolution CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Pasadena, CA ID SAMPLE; SPECTRA AB We present the results of IRS low-resolution spectroscopy of 51 Seyfert galaxies, part of a large Spitzer observing program to determine the mid-to-far infrared spectral energy distributions of a well-defined sample of 87 nearby, 12 mu m-selected Seyferts. We find that the spectra clearly divide into groups based on their continuum shapes and spectral features. The infrared spectral types appear to be related to the Seyfert types. Some features are clearly related to a starburst contribution to the IR spectrum, while the observed power-law continuum shapes, attributed to the AGN, may be dust or non-thermal emission. Principal component analysis results suggest that the relative contribution of starburst emission is the dominant cause of variance in the spectra. We find that the Sy 2's show on average stronger starburst contributions than the Sy 1's. C1 [Buchanan, Catherine L.; O'Dea, Christopher P.; Axon, David J.; Robinson, Andrew] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Gallimore, Jack F.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Phys, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Baum, Stefi A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Elitzur, Moshe] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Buchanan, CL (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM clbsps@cis.rit.edu; clbsps@cis.rit.edu FU NASA through JPL/Caltech FX We thank the conference organizers for an excellent meeting. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-325-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 381 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO46 UT WOS:000254828200003 ER PT B AU Hickox, RC Jones, C Forman, WR Murray, SS Brodwin, M AF Hickox, R. C. Jones, C. Forman, W. R. Murray, S. S. Brodwin, M. CA Chandra XBootes Spitzer IRAC Shallow Survey AGES NOAO DWFS Teams BE Chary, RR Teplitz, HI Sheth, K TI X-ray and infrared properties of galaxies and AGNs in the 9 deg(2) Bootes field SO SECOND ANNUAL SPITZER SCIENCE CENTER CONFERENCE: INFRARED DIAGNOSTICS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Spitzer Science Center Conference on Infrared Diagnostics of Galaxy Evolution CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Pasadena, CA AB We examine the X-ray and infrared properties of galaxies and AGNs in the 9 square degree Bootes field, using data from the Chandra XBootes and Spitzer IRAC Shallow Surveys, as well as optical spectroscopy from the AGES survey. A sample of similar to 30,000 objects are detected in all four TRAC bands, of which similar to 2,000 are associated with X-ray sources. We also study X-ray fainter sources using stacking techniques, and find that X-ray fluxes are highest for objects with IRAC colors that are known to be characteristic of AGNs. Because these are shallow, wide-field surveys, they probe the bright end of the AGN luminosity function out to spectroscopic redshifts as high as z = 3-4. We can use this multi-wavelength data set to explore the properties and redshift evolution of a large sample of luminous active galaxies. C1 [Hickox, R. C.; Jones, C.; Forman, W. R.; Murray, S. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brodwin, M.] Jet Propuls Lab, Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hickox, RC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-325-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 381 BP 418 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO46 UT WOS:000254828200079 ER PT B AU Narayanan, D Cox, TJ Robertson, B Dave, R Di Matteo, T Hernquist, L Hopkins, P Kulesa, C Walker, CK AF Narayanan, Desika Cox, Thomas J. Robertson, Brant Dave, Romeel Di Matteo, Tiziana Hernquist, Lars Hopkins, Philip Kulesa, Craig Walker, Christopher K. BE Chary, RR Teplitz, HI Sheth, K TI Simulated molecular gas emission in galaxy mergers with embedded AGN SO SECOND ANNUAL SPITZER SCIENCE CENTER CONFERENCE: INFRARED DIAGNOSTICS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Spitzer Science Center Conference on Infrared Diagnostics of Galaxy Evolution CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Pasadena, CA ID LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; CO OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; BLACK-HOLES AB We investigate the effect of embedded active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy mergers on the CO molecular line emission by combining non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) radiative transfer calculations with hydrodynamic simulations. We find that AGN feedback energy in gas rich galaxy mergers can contribute to large molecular outflows which may be detectable via velocity-integrated emission contour maps, as well as through kinematic features in the emission line profiles. C1 [Narayanan, Desika; Dave, Romeel; Kulesa, Craig; Walker, Christopher K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cox, Thomas J.; Robertson, Brant; Hernquist, Lars; Hopkins, Philip] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Di Matteo, Tiziana] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Narayanan, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU NSF FX D.N. was funded for this work by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-325-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 381 BP 491 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO46 UT WOS:000254828200094 ER PT B AU McClintock, JE AF McClintock, Jeffrey E. BE Milone, EF Leahy, DA Hobill, DW TI Black hole binaries: The journey from astrophysics to physics SO SHORT-PERIOD BINARY STARS: OBSERVATIONS, ANALYSES, AND RESULTS SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Short-Period Binaries held at the 208th Meeting of the American-Astronomical-Society CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Amer Astron Soc ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; X-RAY BINARIES; ACCRETION DISK; EVENT HORIZON; GRO J1655-40; MODEL; SPECTRA; SPIN; MASS; POLARIZATION C1 [McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McClintock, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6543-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2008 VL 352 BP 3 EP 22 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHP86 UT WOS:000255198300001 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI From the castle - Aero dynamic (America by air) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 10 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 243WM UT WOS:000251828000012 ER PT J AU Hayashida, S Urita, N Noguchi, K Liu, X Chance, K AF Hayashida, S. Urita, N. Noguchi, K. Liu, X. Chance, K. TI Spatiotemporal Variation in Tropospheric Column Ozone over East Asia Observed by GOME and Ozonesondes SO SOLA LA English DT Article AB We analyzed tropospheric column ozone (TCO) observed by the GOME-1 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment; European Space Agency, 1995) and ozonesondes to determine the spatiotemporal variation in TCO over East Asia from 1996 to 2003. An enhanced TCO belt (E-TCO belt) was observed at approximately 35 degrees N throughout the year. The E-TCO belt moved northward from winter to summer and southward from summer to winter, strongly suggesting connection with the seasonal variation of meteorological conditions. The large enhancement of TCO found over central China in summer suggests that there is significant outflow of ozone from that region. This study presents the first satellite-derived comprehensive picture of the TCO spatiotemporal variation over East Asia, which has not been obtained from limited ground-based measurements. C1 [Hayashida, S.] Nara Womens Univ, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Fac Sci, Nara 6308263, Japan. [Liu, X.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Liu, X.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Hayashida, S (reprint author), Nara Womens Univ, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Fac Sci, Kitauoyanishi Machi, Nara 6308263, Japan. EM sachiko@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014 OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 1349-6476 J9 SOLA JI SOLA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.2151/sola.2008-030 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V10JI UT WOS:000207459900030 ER PT J AU Yeates, AR Mackay, DH van Ballegooijen, AA AF Yeates, A. R. Mackay, D. H. van Ballegooijen, A. A. TI Modelling the global solar corona II: Coronal evolution and filament chirality comparison SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; corona; prominences; magnetic field; helicity; magnetic ID FREE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LARGE-SCALE CORONA; FORCE-FREE; HEMISPHERIC PATTERN; MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX ROPES; PROMINENCES; HELICITY; CHANNELS; SUN AB This paper considers the hemispheric pattern of solar filaments using newly developed simulations of the real photospheric and 3D coronal magnetic fields over a six-month period, on a global scale. The magnetic field direction in the simulation is compared directly with the chirality of observed filaments, at their observed locations. In our model the coronal field evolves through a continuous sequence of nonlinear force-free equilibria, in response to the changing photospheric boundary conditions and the emergence of new magnetic flux. In total 119 magnetic bipoles with properties matching observed active regions are inserted. These bipoles emerge twisted and inject magnetic helicity into the solar atmosphere. When we choose the sign of this active-region helicity to match that observed in each hemisphere, the model produces the correct chirality for up to 96% of filaments, including exceptions to the hemispheric pattern. If the emerging bipoles have zero helicity, or helicity of the opposite sign, then this percentage is much reduced. In addition, the simulation produces a higher proportion of filaments with the correct chirality after longer times. This indicates that a key element in the evolution of the coronal field is its long-term memory, and the build-up and transport of helicity from low to high latitudes over many months. It highlights the importance of continuous evolution of the coronal field, rather than independent extrapolations at different times. This has significant consequences for future modelling such as that related to the origin and development of coronal mass ejections. C1 [Yeates, A. R.; Mackay, D. H.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [van Ballegooijen, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yeates, AR (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM anthony@mcs.st-and.ac.uk RI Yeates, Anthony/D-1338-2014; OI Yeates, Anthony/0000-0002-2728-4053; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 49 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 247 IS 1 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9097-0 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252WA UT WOS:000252476300009 ER PT J AU Staines, CL Mayor, AJ AF Staines, Charles L. Mayor, Adriean J. TI Aquatic and Semiaquatic Beetles of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Helophoridae, Hydraenidae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, and Noteridae) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Aquatic and semiaquatic beetles in the families Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Helophoridae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, and Noteridae of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) were sampled from 2003 to 2006. Current and historic literature as well as the insect collections at GSMNP, Illinois Natural History Survey, Smithsonian Institution, and University of Tennessee were examined for GSMNP records. This is the first comprehensive effort at surveying the aquatic and semiaquatic beetles of GSMNP. A total of 115 species were recorded: 46 Dytiscidae, 7 Gyrinidae, 5 Haliplidae, 2 Helophoridae, 2 Hydraenidae, 2 Hydrochidae, 49 Hydrophilidae, and 2 Noteridae. Eighty species are reported from GSMNP for the first time. Hydaticus aruspex Clark, Hydrocolus deflatus, H. paugus, Liodessus affinis (Dytiscidae), and Dactylosternum abdominale (Hydrophilidae) are reported from Tennessee for the first time. C1 [Staines, Charles L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Mayor, Adriean J.] Great Smoky Mts Natl Pk, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. RP Staines, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187,Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stainesc@si.edu FU Discover Life in America; National Science Foundation [DEB-0516311] FX We thank Michelle Prysby and the staff and students at the Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont, Jan Ciegler, Susan L. Staines, Will Merritt, and M.J. Wetzel and R.E. DeWalt, Illinois Natural History Survey, for collecting specimens. We thank P. Lambdin (University of Tennessee), and C. Favet (Illinois Natural History Survey) for access to the collections under their care. Susan L. Staines provided editorial assistance. The manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers. This project was funded inl part by a grant from Discover Life in America. Publication costs were funded by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0516311 (C. Carlton and V. Bavless, Co-PI's). NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1656/1528-7092-7.3.505 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357XA UT WOS:000259879300010 ER PT S AU Bookbinder, J Smith, R Homscheimier, A Garcia, M White, N Tananbaum, H Petre, R Romaine, S Reid, P AF Bookbinder, Jay Smith, Randall Homscheimier, Anne Garcia, Michael White, Nicholas Tananbaum, Harvey Petre, Robert Romaine, Suzanne Reid, Paul BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI The Constellation-X observatory - art. no. 701102 SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE X-rays; Constellation-X; black holes; cosmic feedback; dark matter; neutron stars; X-ray spectroscopy ID COSMIC EVOLUTION; NEUTRON-STARS; RAY; OSCILLATIONS; ABSORPTION AB The Constellation-X Observatory is currently planned as NASA's next major X-ray observatory to be launched towards the end of the next decade. The driving science goals for the mission are to: 1) Trace the evolution of Black Holes with cosmic time and determine their contribution to the energy output of the Universe; 2) Observe matter spiraling into Black Holes to test the predictions of General Relativity; 3) Use galaxy clusters to trace the locations of Dark Matter and follow the formation of structure as a function of distance; 4) Search for the missing baryonic matter; 5) Directly observe the dynamics of Cosmic Feedback to test models for galaxy formation; 6) Observe the creation and dispersion of the elements in supemovae; and 7) Precisely constrain the equation of state of neutron stars. To achieve these science goals requires high resolution (R > 1250) X-ray spectroscopy with 100 times the throughput of the Chandra and XMM-Newton. The Constellation-X Observatory will achieve this requirement with a combination of four large X-ray telescopes on a single satellite operating in the 0.25 to 10 keV range. These telescopes will feed X-ray micro-calorimeter arrays and grating spectrometers. A hard X-ray telescope system will provide coverage up to at least 40 keV. We describe the mission science drivers and the mission implementation approach. C1 [Bookbinder, Jay; Garcia, Michael; Tananbaum, Harvey; Romaine, Suzanne; Reid, Paul] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bookbinder, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7011 BP 1102 EP 1102 DI 10.1117/12.796906 PN 1-2 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700001 ER PT S AU Reid, PB Caldwell, D Davis, W Freeman, M Rohrbach, SO Podgorski, W Zhang, W AF Reid, Paul B. Caldwell, David Davis, William Freeman, Mark Rohrbach, Scott Owens Podgorski, William Zhang, William BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI A comparison of different alignment approaches for the segmented grazing incidence mirrors on Constellation-X - art. no. 701111 SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE x-ray optics; alignment; focus correction; Constellation-X; Con-X ID MISSION AB Each of the four Spectroscopy X-ray Telescopes (SXT) on Constellation-X contain a mirror assembly comprised of 2600 primary and secondary mirror segments. Critical to the performance of the mirror assemblies is the alignment of secondary to primary, and alignment of mirror pairs to one another. Focus errors must be corrected in order to meet imaging error budgets. The use of segmented mirrors enables unique alignment strategies not feasible with mirror shells of a full revolution. We discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of two Con-X alignment strategies to minimize focus errors between shells. In the first approach, the mirrors are bent azimuthally to adjust the focal length of the mirror pair. In the second approach, coma is used to compensate for the transverse focus error. We examine the limits of applicability of the two approaches, and also discuss alignment error budgets. C1 [Reid, Paul B.; Caldwell, David; Davis, William; Freeman, Mark; Podgorski, William] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reid, PB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7011 BP 1111 EP 1111 DI 10.1117/12.789658 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700029 ER PT S AU Podgorski, WA Caldwell, DR Freeman, MD Davis, WN Reid, PB Rohrbach, S Zhang, W AF Podgorski, William A. Caldwell, David R. Freeman, Mark D. Davis, William N. Reid, Paul B. Rohrbach, Scott Zhang, William BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI A mounting and alignment approach for Constellation-X mirror segments - art. no. 701112 SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE x-ray optics; mirror support systems AB The four Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescopes require four sets of 2,600 thin mirror segments be supported with minimum deformation and aligned with arc-second level accuracy. We have developed a support and alignment system that minimizes segment deformation and allows the mirror segments to be made confocal. This system relies upon a set of five mirror support points at each of the forward and aft ends of each segment. The support points are radially adjustable so as to be able to modify the segment cone angles, thereby correcting any focal length errors. Additional adjustments enable correction of segment centration and tilts to correct co-alignment errors and minimize comatic aberration. The support and alignment system is described and results are presented. Included are data demonstrating minimal levels of figure distortion. Results are compared with error budget allocations. C1 [Podgorski, William A.; Caldwell, David R.; Freeman, Mark D.; Davis, William N.; Reid, Paul B.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Podgorski, WA (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7011 BP 1112 EP 1112 DI 10.1117/12.789891 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700030 ER PT S AU Freeman, MD Reid, PB Davis, WN AF Freeman, Mark D. Reid, Paul B. Davis, William N. BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI Design study for support of thin glass optical elements for x-ray telescopes - art. no. 701113 SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE x-ray optics; mirror support systems; finite element modeling and analysis; parametric study ID MISSION AB The next large x-ray astrophysics mission launched will likely include soft x-ray spectroscopy as a primary capability. A requirement to fulfill the science goals of such a mission is a large-area x-ray telescope focusing sufficient x-ray flux to perform high-resolution spectroscopy with reasonable observing times. One approach to manufacturing such a telescope is a Wolter-I optic utilizing thin glass segments rather than full shells of revolution. We describe a parameterized Finite Element Modeling (FEM) study that provides insights useful in optimizing the design of a discrete support system to balance the competing requirements of minimizing the effect on optical performance while providing sufficient support to withstand launch loads. Parameters analyzed are number and location of the supports around the glass segments, as well as the glass thickness, size, and angular span. In addition, we utilize more detailed models of several cases taken from the parametric study to examine stress around the bonded area and bond pad size, and compare the stress from the detailed model to the parametric cases from which they were derived. C1 [Freeman, Mark D.; Reid, Paul B.; Davis, William N.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Freeman, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7011 BP 1113 EP 1113 DI 10.1117/12.787984 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700031 ER PT S AU Reid, PB Murray, SS Trolier-McKinstry, S Freeman, M Juda, M Podgorski, W Ramsey, B Schwartz, D AF Reid, Paul B. Murray, Stephen S. Trolier-McKinstry, Susan Freeman, Mark Juda, Michael Podgorski, William Ramsey, Brian Schwartz, Daniel BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI Development of adjustable grazing incidence optics for Generation-X - art. no. 70110V SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE x-ray optics; adjustable optics; bimorph mirrors; Generation-X; Gen-X; WFXT ID TECHNOLOGY AB For X-ray astronomy, 0.1 arc-second imaging resolution will result in a significant advance in our understanding of the Universe. Similarly, the advent of low cost high performance X-ray mirrors will also increase the likelihood of more X-ray telescopes being funded and built. We discuss the development plans of two different types of adjustable grazing incidence optics: one being a tenth arc-second resolution bimorph mirror approach also suitable for extremely large collecting areas, and the second being a few arc-second radially adjustable mirror approach more suitable for modest sized telescopes. Bimorph mirrors will be developed using thin (0.1 - 0.4 mm) thermally formed glass or electroplated metal mirror segments with thin film piezo-electric actuators deposited directly on the mirror back surface. Mirror figure will be adjusted on-orbit. Radially adjustable mirrors will employ discreet radially electrostrictive actuators for mirror alignment and low spatial frequency figure correction during assembly and alignment. In this paper we report on. In this paper we describe mirror design and our development plans for both mirror concepts. C1 [Reid, Paul B.; Murray, Stephen S.; Freeman, Mark; Juda, Michael; Podgorski, William; Schwartz, Daniel] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reid, PB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Juda, Michael/0000-0002-4375-9688; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7011 BP V110 EP V110 DI 10.1117/12.789371 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700023 ER PT S AU Schwartz, DA Brissenden, RJ Elvis, M Fabbiano, G Gaetz, TJ Jerius, D Juda, M Reid, PB Wolk, SJ O'Dell, SL Kolodziejczak, JK Zhang, WW AF Schwartz, Daniel A. Brissenden, Roger J. Elvis, Martin Fabbiano, Guiseppina Gaetz, Terrance J. Jerius, Diab Juda, Michael Reid, Paul B. Wolk, Scott J. O'Dell, Stephen L. Kolodziejczak, Jeffrey K. Zhang, William W. CA Generation X Team BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI On-orbit adjustment calculation for the Generation-X X-ray mirror figure - art. no. 70110W SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE X-ray telescopes; X-ray optics; Generation-X; figure correction; bi-morph mirrors AB Generation-X will be an X-ray observatory with 50 m 2 collecting area at 1 keV and 0".1 angular resolution. A key concept to enable such a dramatic improvement in angular resolution is that the mirror figure will be adjusted on-orbit; e.g., via piezo-electric actuators deposited on the back side of very thin glass and imparting strains in a bi-morph configuration. To make local adjustments to the individual mirror shells we must employ an imaging detector far forward of the focal surface, so that rays from the individual shells can be measured as distinct rings. We simulate this process on a few representative shells via ray-traces of perfect optics, perturbed axially by low order Legendre polynomial terms. This elucidates some of the requirements for the on-orbit measurements, and on possible algorithms to perform the on-orbit adjustment with acceptably rapid convergence. C1 [Schwartz, Daniel A.; Brissenden, Roger J.; Elvis, Martin; Fabbiano, Guiseppina; Gaetz, Terrance J.; Jerius, Diab; Juda, Michael; Reid, Paul B.; Wolk, Scott J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Juda, Michael/0000-0002-4375-9688; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7011 BP W110 EP W110 DI 10.1117/12.790085 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700024 ER PT S AU Gorenstein, P Cash, W Gehrels, N Gendreau, K Krizmanic, J Miller, MC Reynolds, CS Sambruna, RM Skinner, G Streitmatter, RE Windt, DL AF Gorenstein, Paul Cash, Webster Gehrels, Neil Gendreau, Keith Krizmanic, John Miller, M. Coleman Reynolds, Christopher S. Sambruna, Rita M. Skinner, Gerald Streitmatter, Robert E. Windt, David L. BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI The future of high angular resolution X-ray astronomy SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE X-ray telescopes; X-ray diffraction; high angular resolution ID CHANDRA; OPTICS; GALAXY AB The angular resolution of Chandra is close to the practical limit of grazing incidence telescopes due to the difficulty of imparting an accurate figure and smooth surface to mirror substrates whose physical area is over two orders of magnitude larger than their effective area. However, important scientific objectives lie beyond the reach of Chandra and all future missions being planned by the space agencies. By transmitting X-rays diffractive and refractive optics are not subject to the same limitations and have a superior diffraction limit. A Fresnel zone plate can be paired with a refractive lens such that their intrinsic chromatic aberrations cancel to 1(st) order at a specific energy. The result is a limited but significant energy band where the resolution is a milli arc second or better, for example, at 6 keV. Chromatic aberration can be corrected to 2(nd) order by separating the diffractive and refractive elements. This configuration allows a resolution of a few micro arc seconds. The optics are very light weight but have extremely long focal lengths resulting in a requirement for very long distance formation flying between optics and detector spacecraft, and small fields of view. Opacity of the refractive element imposes a lower limit upon the X-ray energy of about a few keV. C1 [Gorenstein, Paul] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gorenstein, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM goren@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7011 AR 70110U DI 10.1117/12.789978 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700022 ER PT S AU Murray, SS Norman, C Ptak, A Giacconi, R Weisskopf, M Ramsey, B Bautz, M Vikhlinin, A Brandt, N Rosati, P Weaver, H Allen, S Flanagan, K AF Murray, Stephen S. Norman, Colin Ptak, Andrew Giacconi, Riccardo Weisskopf, Martin Ramsey, Brian Bautz, Mark Vikhlinin, Alexey Brandt, Niel Rosati, Piero Weaver, Harold Allen, Steve Flanagan, Kathryn BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI Wide field X-ray telescope mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ORIGINS DEEP SURVEY; GAS MASS FRACTION; SCALING RELATIONS; DARK ENERGY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; EVOLUTION AB The Wide Field X-Ray Telescope (WEXT) will carry out an unprecedented X-ray survey of galaxyclusters and groups, AGNs and QSOs, and galaxies. WFXT is a medium-class strategic mission that will address key questions in both Cosmic Origins and Physics of the Cosmos. WFXT will be orders of magnitude more effective than previous X-ray, missions in performing surveys to a given limiting flux. The angular resolution of similar to 5'' will be finer than provided by any currently planned large-area X-ray survey and highly efficient at discriminating AGNs and QSOs from extended emission from sources such as galaxies and clusters. The Burrows, Burg and Giacconi ideal optical solution gives an approximately constant angular resolution of 3-5 arc seconds across a, field of 1-1.5 degrees diameter. A preliminary telescope design provides a, resulting grasp an order of magnitude larger than current or future missions., We plan a combination of three surveys and, at each flux limit, WFXT will cover orders of magnitude more area than all previous and planned missions, with the deep 100 deg(2) survey reaching the same flux limit as the deepest Chandra surveys to date. The WFXT mission addresses key, cosmological and astrophysical science objectives including: the formation and evolution of clusters of galaxies with the associated cosmological and astrophysical implications; black hole formation and evolution; the interaction of black-hole driven AGNs with cluster and galaxy properties; and the high-energy stellar component and the hot ISM phase of galaxies WFXT is a mission for the entire astronomical community. The data from these surveys will be made readily available to the community in timely data releases to be used in a multitude of multi-waveband studies that will revolutionize astronomy. C1 [Murray, Stephen S.; Vikhlinin, Alexey] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Murray, SS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-2, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7011 AR 70111J DI 10.1117/12.789122 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700045 ER PT S AU Plucinsky, PP Haberl, F Dewey, D Beardmore, AP DePasquale, JM Godet, O Grinberg, V Miller, ED Pollock, AMT Sembay, S Smith, RK AF Plucinsky, Paul P. Haberl, Frank Dewey, Daniel Beardmore, Andrew P. DePasquale, Joseph M. Godet, Olivier Grinberg, Victoria Miller, Eric D. Pollock, A. M. T. Sembay, Steve Smith, Randall K. BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI The SMC SNR 1E0102.2-7219 as a calibration standard for X-ray astronomy in the 0.3-2.5 keV bandpass SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Chandra X-ray Observatory; XMM-Newton; Suzaku; Swift; ACIS; EPIC; RGS; HETG; XIS; XRT; charge-coupled devices (CCDs); X-ray detectors; x-ray spectroscopy ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT 1E-0102.2-7219; CCD IMAGING SPECTROMETER; XMM-NEWTON; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; HEAVY-ELEMENTS; ACIS INSTRUMENT; ABUNDANCES; SPECTRUM; CAMERA AB The flight calibration of the spectral response of CCD instruments below 1.5 keV is difficult in general because of the lack of strong lines in the on-board calibration sources typically available. We have been using 1E 0102.2-7219 the brightest supernova remnant in the Small Magellanic Cloud, to evaluate the response models of the ACIS CCDs on the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), the EPIC CCDs on the XMM-Newton Observatory, the XIS CCDs on the Svzaku Observatory, and the XRT CCD on the Swift Observatory. E0102 has strong lines of O, Ne, and Mg below 1.5 keV and little or no Fe emission to complicate the spectrum. The spectrum of E0102 has been well characterized using high-resolution grating instruments, namely the XMM-Newton RGS and the CXO HETC, through which a consistent spectral model has been developed that can then be used to fit the lower-resolution CCD spectra. Fits with this model are sensitive to any problems with the gain calibration and the spectral redistribution model of the CCD instruments. We have also used the measured intensities of the lines to investigate the consistency of the effective area models for the various instruments around the bright 0 (similar to 570 eV and similar to 654 eV) and Ne (similar to 910 eV and similar to 1022 eV) lines. We find that the measured fluxes of the O VII triplet, the O VIII Ly alpha line, the Ne IX triplet, and the Ne X Ly alpha line generally agree to within +/- 10% for all instruments, with 28 of our 32 fitted normalizations within +/- 10% of the RGS-determined value. The maximum discrepancies, computed as the percentage difference between the lowest and highest normalization for any instrument pair, are 23% for the O VII triplet, 24% for the O VIII Ly alpha line, 13% for the Ne IX triplet, and 19% for the Ne X Ly alpha line. If only the CXO and XMM are compared, the maximum discrepancies are 22% for the O VII triplet, 16% for the O VIII Ly alpha line, 4% for the Ne IX triplet, and 12% for the Ne X Ly alpha line. C1 [Plucinsky, Paul P.; DePasquale, Joseph M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Plucinsky, PP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM plucinsky@cfa.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7011 AR 70112E DI 10.1117/12.789191 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700067 ER PT S AU Wolk, SJ Brissenden, RJ Elvis, M Fabbiano, G Hornschemeier, AE O'Dell, SL Bautz, MW Schwartz, DA Juda, M AF Wolk, Scott J. Brissenden, Roger J. Elvis, Martin Fabbiano, Guiseppina Hornschemeier, Ann E. O'Dell, Stephen L. Bautz, Marshall W. Schwartz, Daniel A. Juda, Michael BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI Science with Generation-X SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE X-ray; missions; Generation-X; X-ray astrophysics ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; COSMIC STAR-FORMATION; MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SPIRAL GALAXY LUMINOSITIES; NEUTRON-STARS; ALPHA LINE; RAY; EMISSION; HISTORY; CONSTRAINTS AB We report on the prospects for the study of the first stars, galaxies and black holes with the Generation-X Mission. Generation-X is a NASA "Vision Mission" which completed preliminary study in late 2006. Generation-X was approved in February 2008 as an Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Study (ASMCS) and is baselined as an X-ray observatory with 50 square meters of collecting area at 1 keV (500 times larger than Chandra) and 0.1 arcsecond angular resolution (several times better than Chandra and 50 times better than the Constellation-X resolution goal). Such a high energy observatory will be capable of detecting the earliest black holes and galaxies in the Universe, and will also study the chemical evolution of the Universe and extremes of density, gravity, magnetic fields, and kinetic energy which cannot be created in laboratories. A direct signature of the formation of the first galaxies, stars and black holes is predicted to be X-ray emission at characteristic X-ray temperatures of 0.1-1 keV from the collapsing proto-galaxies before they cool and form the first stars. C1 [Wolk, Scott J.; Brissenden, Roger J.; Elvis, Martin; Fabbiano, Guiseppina; Schwartz, Daniel A.; Juda, Michael] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wolk, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Juda, Michael/0000-0002-4375-9688; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7011 AR 701130 DI 10.1117/12.789359 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700087 ER PT S AU Falco, EE AF Falco, E. E. BE Oscoz, A Mediavilla, E SerraRicart, M TI TIME DELAYS IN COSMOLOGY WITH GRAVITATIONAL LENSES SO SPANISH RELATIVITY MEETING, ERE2007: RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY SE EAS PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Spanish Relativity Conference CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, SPAIN SP Minist Educ Ciencia, Soc Espanola Gravitac Relatividad, Excmo Cabildo Insular Tenerife, Excmo Ayuntamiento Orotava, DISA Corporac Petrolifera S A, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentar HO Inst Astrofis Canarias ID GALAXIES; QUASAR; PARAMETERS; Q0957+561; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; UNIVERSE AB Gravitational lenses yield a very high rate of return on observational investment. Given their scarcity, their impact on our knowledge of the universe is very significant. In the weak-field limit, lensing studies are based on well-established physics and thus offer a straightforward approach to pursue many currently pressing problems of astrophysics and cosmology. Examples of these are the significance of dark matter and the density, age and size of the universe. I present recent developments in cosmological applications of gravitational lenses, focusing on estimates of the Hubble constant using strong lensing of quasars. I describe our recent measurements of time delays for the images of SDSS J1004+4112, and discuss prospects for the future utilizing synoptic telescopes, planned and under construction. C1 Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Falco, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, POB 6369, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0062-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2008 VL 30 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1051/eas:0830005 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIQ44 UT WOS:000262047700005 ER PT S AU Iafolla, V Fiorenza, E Lefevre, C Lucchesi, DM Morbidini, A Nozzoli, S Peron, R Persichini, M Reale, A Santoli, F Lorenzini, EC Shapiro, II Ashenberg, J Bombardelli, C Glashow, S AF Iafolla, V. Fiorenza, E. Lefevre, C. Lucchesi, D. M. Morbidini, A. Nozzoli, S. Peron, R. Persichini, M. Reale, A. Santoli, F. Lorenzini, E. C. Shapiro, I. I. Ashenberg, J. Bombardelli, C. Glashow, S. BE Oscoz, A Mediavilla, E SerraRicart, M TI TEPEE/GREAT (GENERAL RELATIVITY ACCURACY TEST IN AN EINSTEIN ELEVATOR): ADVANCES IN THE DETECTOR DEVELOPMENT SO SPANISH RELATIVITY MEETING, ERE2007: RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Spanish Relativity Conference CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, SPAIN SP Minist Educ Ciencia, Soc Espanola Gravitac Relatividad, Excmo Cabildo Insular Tenerife, Excmo Ayuntamiento Orotava, DISA Corporac Petrolifera S A, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentar HO Inst Astrofis Canarias ID WEAK EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE AB This paper reports the development of an experiment (TEPEE/GReAT) to test the Equivalence Principle (EP) at a level of accuracy equal to 5 x 10(-15), by means of a differential accelerometer free falling in a cryogenic vacuum capsule released from a stratospheric balloon. Such an accuracy requires resolving a very small signal out of the instrument's intrinsic noise and the noise associated with the instrument's motion. Imperfections in the construction of the detector introduce gravity gradient noise that it is possible to separate from the violation signal spinning the detector around an horizontal axis in order to have the EP violation signal and the gravity gradients one modulated at two different frequencies. Experimental results on prototype instruments showing high sensitivity and common mode rejection factor are shown. C1 [Iafolla, V.; Fiorenza, E.; Lefevre, C.; Lucchesi, D. M.; Morbidini, A.; Nozzoli, S.; Peron, R.; Persichini, M.; Reale, A.; Santoli, F.] INAF, IFSI, Via Fosso Cavaliere, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Lorenzini, E. C.; Shapiro, I. I.; Ashenberg, J.; Bombardelli, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lorenzini, E. C.] Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, Padua, Italy. [Glashow, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Iafolla, V (reprint author), INAF, IFSI, Via Fosso Cavaliere, I-00133 Rome, Italy. OI Santoli, Francesco/0000-0003-2493-0109; Iafolla, Valerio Antonio/0000-0001-5297-1157; Peron, Roberto/0000-0002-1774-5725; lefevre, carlo/0000-0003-0649-9941 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0062-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2008 VL 30 BP 339 EP + DI 10.1051/eas:0830057 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIQ44 UT WOS:000262047700057 ER PT J AU Woll, AR Mass, J Bisulca, C Cushi-Nan, M Griggs, C Wanzy, T Ocon, N AF Woll, Arthur R. Mass, Jennifer Bisulca, Christina Cushi-Nan, Matt Griggs, Carol Wanzy, Tomasz Ocon, Noelle TI The Unique History of The Armorer's Shop AN APPLICATION OF CONFOCAL X-RAY FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY SO STUDIES IN CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB This article presents a multidisciplinary case study of The Armorer's Shop (North Carolina Museum of Art), a seventeenth-century panel painting attributed to David Teniers the Younger of Flanders. The study was motivated, first, by visual and X-ray radiographic observations suggesting an atypical construction, and second, by the discovery that the depiction of armor in this painting is nearly identical to that in several other works. All but one of these paintings are attributed to Jan Brueghel the Younger, a contemporary Flemish painter related to Teniers by marriage. Stylistic analysis strongly supports the hypothesis that Brueghel completed the armor, whereas Teniers painted the background, figures and objects depicted around the armor. A broad range of materials analysis techniques, particularly cross-sectional analysis, dendrochronology and confocal X-ray fluorescence microscopy (CXRF), were used to establish whether the panel construction and palette composition are consistent with this hypothesis. Dendrochronology shows that the panel was fabricated from three distinct wood planks, and suggests that the smallest of these, the armor plank, was painted approximately 20 years before the other two. CXRF provides direct evidence that this plank was painted before the three planks were combined. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first evidence of the work of a seventeenth-century Flemish painter being re-used in this fashion by a second contemporary painter. C1 [Woll, Arthur R.] Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mass, Jennifer] Winterthur Museum & Country Estate, Conservat Dept, Winterthur, DE 19735 USA. [Bisulca, Christina] Freer Sackler Galleries Smithsonian Inst, DSCR, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cushi-Nan, Matt] Williamstown Art Conservat Ctr, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Griggs, Carol] Cornell Univ, Cornell Tree Ring Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wanzy, Tomasz] Nicolas Copernicus Univ, Inst Study Conservat & Restorat Cultural Heritage, Torun, Poland. [Ocon, Noelle] N Carolina Museum Art, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Woll, AR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, CHESS, 200L Wilson Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aw30@cornell.edu; jmass@winterhur.org; bisulcac@si.edu; mcushman@williamstownart.org; cbg4@cornell.edu; tjw42@cornell.edu; nocon@ncmamail.dcr.state.nc.us FU Foundation of the American Institute of Conservation; Kress Foundation; Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0415838]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [DMR-0225180] FX This work is supported by the Foundation of the American Institute of Conservation, the Kress Foundation and the Mellon Foundation. Further support was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under DMR-0415838. CHESS is supported by the NSF and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences via NSF grant DMR-0225180. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT INST CONSERVATION HISTORIC ARTISTIC WORKS PI LONDON PA 6 BUCKINGHAM ST, LONDON WC2N 6BA, ENGLAND SN 0039-3630 J9 STUD CONSERV JI Stud. Conserv. PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 93 EP 109 PG 17 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 367JQ UT WOS:000260548700002 ER PT J AU Touwaide, A AF Touwaide, Alain TI Botany and humanism in the Renaissance: Background, interaction, contradictions SO STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ART LA English DT Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Touwaide, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 188 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA JOURNALS DEPT 92A YALE STATION, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA SN 0091-7338 J9 STUD HIST ART JI Stud. Hist. Art PY 2008 VL 69 BP 33 EP 62 PG 30 WC Art SC Art GA 308YV UT WOS:000256427700004 ER PT B AU van Ballegooijen, AA AF van Ballegooijen, A. A. BE Howe, R Komm, RW Balasubramaniam, KS Petrie, GJD TI Life and death of solar active regions SO SUBSURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON SOLAR ACTIVITY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th National Solar Observatory Sacramento Peak Workshop CY APR 16-20, 2007 CL Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Aeronaut Space Administrat, Air Force Off Sci Res HO Natl Solar Observ ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX TUBES; EMERGING FLUX; CONVECTION ZONE; SUNSPOT NESTS; FIELDS; EVOLUTION; SUN; EMERGENCE; TRANSPORT AB Recent models for the formation and decay of active regions are discussed. Large active regions axe thought to be Q loops that emerge from a toroidal field located near the base of the convection zone. After an Q loop has fully emerged at the solar surface, it continues to evolve under the influence of subsurface convective flows and solar differential rotation. The magnetic helicity of active regions originates below the photosphere, but its spatial distribution in the corona is significantly altered by reconnection processes. Results from 3-D flux transport models of decaying active regions are presented. It is found that such models provide a natural explanation for the occurrence of flares and coronal mass ejections. The models predict that submerging magnetic fields are transported back to the base of the convection zone, leading to the "repair" of the toroidal flux ropes. Interactions between Q loops are also considered. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Ballegooijen, AA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-329-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 383 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO72 UT WOS:000254887200020 ER PT J AU Jackson, AP Machado, CA Robbins, N Herre, EA AF Jackson, Andrew P. Machado, Carlos A. Robbins, Nancy Herre, Edward Allen TI Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of neotropical figs does not support co-speciation with the pollinators: The importance of systematic scale in fig/wasp cophylogenetic studies SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Fig Wasp Symposium CY JUL 23-26, 2006 CL Yunnan, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Ficus; mutualism; coevolution; cospeciation; phylogeny; cophylogeny; hybridization; paralogy ID DIOECIOUS FICUS; DNA-SEQUENCES; HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS; ACTIVE POLLINATION; BREEDING STRUCTURE; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; RECONCILED TREES; WASP MUTUALISM; EVOLUTION AB For 18 species of Panamanian Ficus, representing both basal (Pharmacosycea; 4 spp.) and derived (Urostigma, Americana; 14 spp.) sections, we sampled multiple individuals per species and analyzed sequence data from multiple (3) genetic markers (tpi, g3pdh, ITS). In contrast to previous phylogenetic studies of figs, this sampling design allowed us to evaluate the degree to which different alleles within loci, and different loci within individual species suggest consistent phylogenetic relationships among both distantly and closely related figs. We found multiple instances within both tpi and g3pdh genes in which different haplotypes were not monophyletic by species. Haplotype and reconciliation analyses suggested that genetic exchange among closely related figs is necessary to fully explain the patterns. In contrast, analyses of multiple loci from multiple individuals in the wasps are monophyletic by species, producing a well resolved species phylogeny. Although combining fig genetic data sets produced a resolved and robust fig topology, no fig phylogenies based on either combined or individual gene trees showed any significant correspondence with the wasp tree. Recent studies have shown that many of the fig species considered here have multiple pollinators and several share genetically indistinguishable pollinators. Together with these genetic results, it appears that a strict co-speciation model does not adequately describe the general evolutionary dynamics of the fig/wasp mutualism, particularly for sympatric, closely related species (within section). Importantly, these results emphasize the need to consider multiple genes, multiple individuals, and systematic scale in order to conduct and interpret robust co-phylogenetic studies of figs and their pollinating wasps. C1 [Robbins, Nancy; Herre, Edward Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Machado, Carlos A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Andrew P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Herre, EA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM herrea@si.edu RI Machado, Carlos/B-8855-2009 OI Machado, Carlos/0000-0003-1546-7415 NR 64 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 72 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 282AZ UT WOS:000254541300009 ER PT J AU Harrison, RD AF Harrison, Rhett D. TI Adaptive significance of phenological variation among monoecious hemi-epiphytic figs in Borneo SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Fig Wasp Symposium CY JUL 23-26, 2006 CL Yunnan, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Agaonidae; co-evolution; Ficus; mutualism; fruit production; pollen ID MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST; FRUIT; CONSEQUENCES; SIMULATION; MUTUALISM; FICUS AB Plant phenology affects reproductive success through its interaction with pollinators, seed dispersers, and seed predators. Figs are pollinated by highly specific, but short-lived (1-3 days), wasps that breed inside the inflorescence. Thus, continuous flowering at the population-level is a necessary condition for the mutualism to persist. In other respects, however, the ecology of co-occurring fig species varies greatly. Leaf and inflorescence production among 15 species of monoecious hemi-epiphytic fig (Ficus; section Conosyce) were studied over 4 years in an aseasonal lowland rainforest in Borneo. At the community-level, leaf production was significantly reduced following wetter periods. Many individuals (28%) did not flower during the entire 4 year period. Of individuals that flowered, the mean frequency of reproductive episodes was low and varied from 0.3 to 1.7 times per year. Species with smaller fruit flowered significantly more than those with large fruit, which translated into a substantial difference in fruit production (10.6 vs 1.9 kg pulp dry weight ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively). Among species pollinated by different wasp genera, there was a significant difference in the mean densities of individuals with receptive inflorescences, and there was a substantial difference in the duration of the wasp emergence phase. The predicted mean minimum distance from a plant with wasps emerging to a receptive individual was, thus, very different between wasp genera; and varied from 3.6 km to 3 1.8 km across species. Management of protected areas should take into account the low levels of fruit production, especially of species with large fruit, and that fig populations must be dependent on wasps arriving from forests over a wide landscape. C1 [Harrison, Rhett D.] Res Inst Humanity & Nat, Kita Ku, Kyoto, Japan. RP Harrison, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Tupper Bldg, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM rhett_d_harrison@yahoo.co.uk NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 282AZ UT WOS:000254541300011 ER PT J AU Yu, H Zhao, NX Chen, YZ Herre, EA AF Yu, Hui Zhao, Nanxian Chen, Yizhu Herre, Edward Allen TI Male and female reproductive success in the dioecious fig, Ficus hirta Vahl. in Guangdong Province, China: Implications for the relative stability of dioecy and monoecy SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Fig Wasp Symposium CY JUL 23-26, 2006 CL Yunnan, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Ficus hirla; dioecious; monoecious; breeding system stability; sex ratio; fig wasps ID POLLINATOR MUTUALISM; WASP MUTUALISM; WORLD FIGS; SEX-RATIO; EVOLUTION; MORACEAE; ECOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES; CHALCIDOIDEA; HYMENOPTERA AB We studied components of male and female reproductive success in the fig, Ficus hirta from Guangdong Province, China. Specifically, we analyzed the composition and sex ratio of both pollinating (Blastophaga javana) and the two species of non-pollinating wasps associated with functionally male figs, as well as seed production in the functionally female figs. In male figs, a mean of 799 flowers produced a mean of 234 wasps (mean proportion of flowers developed in each fruit is similar to 31%). Female pollinating wasps (the only vectors for fig pollen) comprised the majority of all wasps in male syconia (similar to 62.8%), indicating a relatively high fitness for the pollinator and the fig. The median sex ratio of the pollinators was 0.16 (mean similar to 4% males) and roughly reflects estimates of average foundress number (1.7). There are two common non-pollinators in male syconia of F. hirta: one, Sycoscapter hirticola, also exhibited a strongly female biased sex ratio, while the other, Philotrypesisjosephi, was male biased. In female figs, a mean of 858 flowers produced a mean of 433 viable seeds (mean of flowers developed in each fruit is similar to 50%). Thus, similarly to other studies of dioecious species in which detailed data on wasp and seed production have been reported, female inflorescences (figs) generally appear to initiate more flowers than male inflorescences, and produce more seeds than male inflorescences produce female pollinator wasps. Compared with published studies of seed and wasp production in monoecious figs, F. hirta appears more efficient on a per syconium basis at both seed and female pollinator wasp production than monoecious species characterized by large numbers of flowers, high average foundress numbers, and high non-pollinator wasp loads. These comparisons suggest conditions that favor selection for (and stability of) either the monoecious or dioecious breeding system in figs. C1 [Yu, Hui; Zhao, Nanxian; Chen, Yizhu] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. [Herre, Edward Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Chen, YZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM yuhui@scib.ac.cn; chengyiz@scib.ac.cn; herrea@si.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 282AZ UT WOS:000254541300018 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, M Janussen, D Reitner, J Collins, AG Worheide, G AF Dohrmann, Martin Janussen, Dorte Reitner, Joachim Collins, Allen G. Woerheide, Gert TI Phylogeny and evolution of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida) SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bayes factors; data partitioning; Hexactinellida; metazoan; phylogeny; model comparison; Porifera; ribosomal DNA; RNA secondary structure ID PARTITIONED BAYESIAN ANALYSES; CANADIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CALCAREOUS SPONGES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SUBSTITUTION RATE; ANIMAL PHYLOGENY AB Reconstructing the phylogeny of sponges (Porifera) is one of the remaining challenges to resolve the metazoan Tree of Life and is a prerequisite for understanding early animal evolution. Molecular phylogenetic analyses for two of the three extant classes of the phylum, Demospongiae and Calcarea, are largely incongruent with traditional classifications, most likely because of a paucity of informative morphological characters and high levels of homoplasy. For the third class, Hexactinellida (glass sponges)-predominantly deep-sea inhabitants with unusual morphology and biology - we present the first molecular phylogeny, along with a cladistic analysis of morphological characters. We collected 18S, 28S, and mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of 34 glass sponge species from 27 genera, 9 families, and 3 orders and conducted partitioned Bayesian analyses using RNA secondary structure-specific substitution models (paired-sites models) for stem regions. Bayes factor comparisons of different paired-sites models against each other and conventional (independent-sites) models revealed a significantly better fit of the former but, contrary to previous predictions, the least parameter-rich of the tested paired-sites models provided the best fit to our data. In contrast to Demospongiae and Calcarea, our rDNA phylogeny agrees well with the traditional classification and a previously proposed phylogenetic system, which we ascribe to a more informative morphology in Hexactinellida. We find high support for a close relationship of glass sponges and Demospongiae sensu stricto, though the latter may be paraphyletic with respect to Hexactinellida. Homoscleromorpha appears to be the sister group of Calcarea. Contrary to most previous findings from rDNA, we recover Porifera as monophyletic, although support for this clade is low under paired-sites models. C1 [Dohrmann, Martin; Reitner, Joachim; Woerheide, Gert] Univ Gottingen, GZG, Abt Geobiol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Janussen, Dorte] Forschungsinst Senckenberg, Sekt Marine Evertebraten 1, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dohrmann, M (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, GZG, Abt Geobiol, Goldschmidtstr 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM gert.woerheide@geo.uni-goettingen.de RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Worheide, Gert/C-1080-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Worheide, Gert/0000-0002-6380-7421 NR 120 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 388 EP 405 DI 10.1080/10635150802161088 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 314VF UT WOS:000256836600005 PM 18570034 ER PT J AU Dayrat, B Cantino, PD Clarke, JA De Queiroz, K AF Dayrat, Benoit Cantino, Philip D. Clarke, Julia A. De Queiroz, Kevin TI Species names in the PhyloCode: The approach adopted by the international society for phylogenetic nomenclature SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCLUSIVE TAXONOMIC UNIT; DISCODORIDIDAE MOLLUSCA; NUDIBRANCHIA; DEFINITIONS; HESIONIDAE; POLYCHAETA; EUTHYNEURA; GASTROPODA; REVISION; DORIDINA C1 [Dayrat, Benoit] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Cantino, Philip D.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Clarke, Julia A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Clarke, Julia A.] N Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Dept Paleontol, Raleigh, NC USA. [De Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Dayrat, B (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, POB 2039, Merced, CA 95344 USA. EM bdayrat@ucmerced.edu; cantino@ohiou.edu; Julia_Clarke@ncsu.edu; dequeirozk@si.edu RI Clarke, Julia/B-4978-2011 OI Clarke, Julia/0000-0003-2218-2637 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1080/10635150802172176 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 314VF UT WOS:000256836600014 PM 18570043 ER PT J AU Metzgar, JS Skog, JE Zimmer, EA Pryer, KM AF Metzgar, Jordan S. Skog, Judith E. Zimmer, Elizabeth A. Pryer, Kathleen M. TI The paraphyly of Osmunda is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of seven plastid loci SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ferns; Osmunda; Osmundaceae; Osmundastrum; paraphyly; plastid DNA ID RBCL NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; FERNS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE; MRBAYES AB To resolve phylogenetic relationships among all genera and subgenera in Osmundaceae, we analyzed over 8,500 characters of DNA sequence data from seven plastid loci (atpA, rbcL, rbcL-accD, rbcL-atpB, rps4-trnS, trnG-trnR, and trnL-trnF). Our results confirm those from earlier anatomical and single-gene (rbcL) studies that suggested Osmunda s.l. is paraphyletic. Osmunda cinnamomea is sister to the remainder of Osmundaceae (Leptopteris, Todea, and Osmunda s.s.). We support the recognition of a monotypic fourth genus, Osmundastrum, to reflect these results. We also resolve subgeneric relationships within Osmunda s.s. and find that subg. Claytosmunda is strongly supported as sister to the rest of Osmunda. A stable, well-supported classification for extant Osmundaceae is proposed, along with a key to all genera and subgenera. C1 [Metzgar, Jordan S.; Pryer, Kathleen M.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Skog, Judith E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Skog, Judith E.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Biol Infrastruct, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Zimmer, Elizabeth A.] Smithsonian Museum Support Ctr, Dept Bot, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Zimmer, Elizabeth A.] Smithsonian Museum Support Ctr, Lab Analyt Biol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Pryer, KM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM pryer@duke.edu RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011 NR 44 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1600/036364408783887528 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 267LQ UT WOS:000253510900005 ER PT J AU Roalson, EH Skog, LE Zimmer, EA AF Roalson, Eric H. Skog, Laurence E. Zimmer, Elizabeth A. TI Untangling Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). II. Reconstructing biogeographic patterns and estimating divergence times among new world continental and island lineages SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; biogeography; Caribbean; divergence dating; Gesneriaceae; Gloxinieae ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ANALYSES; OF-INDIA DISPERSAL; NDHF SEQUENCES; AESCHYNANTHUS GESNERIACEAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GESNERIOIDEAE GESNERIACEAE; EPISCIEAE GESNERIACEAE; CYRTANDRA GESNERIACEAE; TRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS AB Gesneriaceae tribe Gloxinieae is a diverse clade of approximately 19 genera and 215 species. As with many tropical lineages, patterns and timing of diversification are poorly understood. This is a particular difficulty in groups such as the Gesneriaceae that have no fossil record. Here we explore maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of phylogenetic relationships in the tribe based on nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological data sets, use Fitch parsimony optimization (FPO) and dispersal vicariance (DIVA) analyses to explore biogeographic patterns in the Gesnerioideae, and use penalized likelihood calibrated by geological events in the Caribbean and South America to explore timing of movement of lineages among Caribbean, Central American, and South American land masses and islands. Likelihood and Bayesian analyses increase support of previous hypotheses of relationships using parsimony and provide additional resolution in some parts of the phylogeny. FPO and DIVA analyses suggest that the most likely scenario for movement among Central American, Caribbean, and South American areas was either an early dispersal to Central America and the Caribbean prior to diversification of the Gloxinieae clade with subsequent back dispersal to South America, or the ancestor of the Gloxinieae had a broad distribution across Central America and Andean/western South America. Estimations of the timing of movement of these lineages among these land masses suggests that the Greater Antilles/Aves Ridge landbridge likely played a role in dispersal events and that the Gloxinieae/Gesnerieae lineage likely arrived in the Central America/Caribbean zone at least 26 million years ago. C1 [Roalson, Eric H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Roalson, Eric H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Skog, Laurence E.; Zimmer, Elizabeth A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Zimmer, Elizabeth A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Labs Analyt Biol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Roalson, EH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM roalson@mail.wsu.edu RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011 NR 82 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 EI 1548-2324 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.1600/036364408783887429 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 267LQ UT WOS:000253510900018 ER PT S AU Ando, M Kawamura, S Nakamura, T Tsubono, K Tanaka, T Funaki, I Seto, N Numata, K Sato, S Ioka, K Kanda, N Takashima, T Agatsuma, K Akutsu, T Akutsu, T Aoyanagi, K Arai, K Arase, Y Araya, A Asada, H Aso, Y Chiba, T Ebisuzaki, T Enoki, M Eriguchi, Y Fujimoto, MK Fujita, R Fukushima, M Futamase, T Ganzu, K Harada, T Hashimoto, T Hayama, K Hikida, W Himemoto, Y Hirabayashi, H Hiramatsu, T Hong, FL Horisawa, H Hosokawa, M Ichiki, K Ikegami, T Inoue, KT Ishidoshiro, K Ishihara, H Ishikawa, T Ishizaki, H Ito, H Itoh, Y Kamagasako, S Kawashima, N Kawazoe, F Kirihara, H Kishimoto, N Kiuche, K Kobayashi, S Kohri, K Koizumi, H Kojima, Y Kokeyama, K Kokuyama, W Kotake, K Kozai, Y Kudoh, H Kunimori, H Kuninaka, H Kuroda, K Maeda, KI Matsuhara, H Mino, Y Miyakawa, O Miyoki, S Morimoto, MY Morioka, T Morisawa, T Moriwaki, S Mukohyama, S Musha, M Nagano, S Naito, I Nakagawa, N Nakamura, K Nakano, H Nakao, K Nakasuka, S Nakayama, Y Nishida, E Nishiyama, K Nishizawa, A Niwa, Y Ohashi, M Ohishi, N Ohkawa, M Okutomi, A Onozato, K Oohara, K Sago, N Saijo, M Sakagami, M Sakai, S Sakata, S Sasaki, M Sato, T Shibata, M Shinkai, H Somiya, K Sotani, H Sugiyama, N Suwa, Y Tagoshi, H Takahashi, K Takahashi, K Takahashi, T Takahashi, H Takahashi, R Takahashi, R Takamori, A Takano, T Taniguchi, K Taruya, A Tashiro, H Tokuda, M Tokunari, M Toyoshima, M Tsujikawa, S Tsunesada, Y Ueda, KI Utashima, M Yamakawa, H Yamamoto, K Yamazaki, T Yokoyama, J Yoo, CM Yoshida, S Yoshino, T AF Ando, Masaki Kawamura, Seiji Nakamura, Takashi Tsubono, Kimio Tanaka, Takahiro Funaki, Ikkoh Seto, Naoki Numata, Kenji Sato, Shuichia Ioka, Kunihito Kanda, Nobuyuki Takashima, Takeshi Agatsuma, Kazuhiro Akutsu, Tomotada Akutsu, Tomomi Aoyanagi, Koh-suke Arai, Koji Arase, Yuta Araya, Akito Asada, Hideki Aso, Yoichi Chiba, Takeshi Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu Enoki, Motohiro Eriguchi, Yoshiharu Fujimoto, Masa-Katsu Fujita, Ryuichi Fukushima, Mitsuhiro Futamase, Toshifumi Ganzu, Katsuhiko Harada, Tomohiro Hashimoto, Tatsuaki Hayama, Kazuhiro Hikida, Wataru Himemoto, Yoshiaki Hirabayashi, Hisashi Hiramatsu, Takashi Hong, Feng-Lei Horisawa, Hideyuki Hosokawa, Mizuhiko Ichiki, Kiyotomo Ikegami, Takeshi Inoue, Kaiki T. Ishidoshiro, Koji Ishihara, Hideki Ishikawa, Takehiko Ishizaki, Hideharu Ito, Hiroyuki Itoh, Yousuke Kamagasako, Shogo Kawashima, Nobuki Kawazoe, Fumiko Kirihara, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Naoko Kiuche, Kenta Kobayashi, Shiho Kohri, Kazunori Koizumi, Hiroyuki Kojima, Yasufumi Kokeyama, Keiko Kokuyama, Wataru Kotake, Kei Kozai, Yoshihide Kudoh, Hideaki Kunimori, Hiroo Kuninaka, Hitoshi Kuroda, Kazuaki Maeda, Kei-ichi Matsuhara, Hideo Mino, Yasushi Miyakawa, Osamu Miyoki, Shinji Morimoto, Mutsuko Y. Morioka, Tomoko Morisawa, Toshiyuki Moriwaki, Shigenori Mukohyama, Shinji Musha, Mitsuru Nagano, Shigeo Naito, Isao Nakagawa, Noriyasu Nakamura, Kouji Nakano, Hiroyuki Nakao, Kenichi Nakasuka, Shinichi Nakayama, Yoshinori Nishida, Erina Nishiyama, Kazutaka Nishizawa, Atsushi Niwa, Yoshito Ohashi, Masatake Ohishi, Naoko Ohkawa, Masashi Okutomi, Akira Onozato, Kouji Oohara, Kenichi Sago, Norichika Saijo, Motoyuki Sakagami, Masaaki Sakai, Shin-ichiro Sakata, Shihori Sasaki, Misao Sato, Takashi Shibata, Masaru Shinkai, Hisaaki Somiya, Kentaro Sotani, Hajime Sugiyama, Naoshi Suwa, Yudai Tagoshi, Hideyuki Takahashi, Kakeru Takahashi, Keitaro Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Hirotaka Takahashi, Ryuichi Takahashi, Ryutaro Takamori, Akiteru Takano, Tadashi Taniguchi, Keisuke Taruya, Atsushi Tashiro, Hiroyuki Tokuda, Mitsuru Tokunari, Masao Toyoshima, Morio Tsujikawa, Shinji Tsunesada, Yoshiki Ueda, Ken-ichi Utashima, Masayoshi Yamakawa, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamazaki, Toshitaka Yokoyama, Jun'ichi Yoo, Chul-Moon Yoshida, Shijun Yoshino, Taizoh BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI DECIGO Pathfinder SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE ANTENNA; SPACE AB DECIGO pathfinder (DPF) is a milestone satellite mission for DECIGO (DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory) which is a future space gravitational wave antenna. DECIGO is expected to provide us fruitful insights into the universe, in particular about dark energy, a fori-nation mechanism of supermassive black holes, and the inflation of the universe. Since DECIGO will be an extremely large mission which will formed by three drag-free spacecraft with 1000m separation, it is significant to gain the technical feasibility of DECIGO before its planned launch in 2024. Thus, we are planning to launch two milestone missions: DPF and pre-DECIGO. The conceptual design and current status of the first milestone mission, DPF, are reviewed in this article. C1 [Ando, Masaki; Tsubono, Kimio; Agatsuma, Kazuhiro; Akutsu, Tomotada; Akutsu, Tomomi; Arase, Yuta; Hiramatsu, Takashi; Ichiki, Kiyotomo; Ishidoshiro, Koji; Kamagasako, Shogo; Kirihara, Hiroyuki; Koizumi, Hiroyuki; Kokuyama, Wataru; Kudoh, Hideaki; Morioka, Tomoko; Mukohyama, Shinji; Nakagawa, Noriyasu; Nakasuka, Shinichi; Okutomi, Akira; Onozato, Kouji; Suwa, Yudai; Takahashi, Kakeru; Taruya, Atsushi; Tokunari, Masao; Yokoyama, Jun'ichi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kawamura, Seiji; Sato, Shuichia; Arai, Koji; Fujimoto, Masa-Katsu; Fukushima, Mitsuhiro; Hayama, Kazuhiro; Ichiki, Kiyotomo; Nakamura, Kouji; Sugiyama, Naoshi; Takahashi, Ryuichi; Takahashi, Ryutaro; Yamazaki, Toshitaka] Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Nakamura, Takashi; Tanaka, Takahiro; Ioka, Kunihito; Ganzu, Katsuhiko; Harada, Tomohiro; Morisawa, Toshiyuki; Tashiro, Hiroyuki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Seto, Naoki; Mino, Yasushi; Miyakawa, Osamu] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Numata, Kenji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hosokawa, Mizuhiko; Nagano, Shigeo] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Ishikawa, Takehiko] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Musha, Mitsuru; Ueda, Ken-ichi] Univ Elect Commun, Inst Laser Sci, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. [Ohkawa, Masashi; Sato, Takashi] Niigata Univ, Fac Engn, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Aoyanagi, Koh-suke; Kiuche, Kenta; Maeda, Kei-ichi; Sotani, Hajime; Yoshida, Shijun] Waseda Univ, Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Araya, Akito] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Asada, Hideki] Hirosaki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368560, Japan. [Chiba, Takeshi] Nihon Univ Setagaya, Coll Human & Sci, Tokyo 1568550, Japan. [Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Eriguchi, Yoshiharu; Shibata, Masaru] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. [Futamase, Toshifumi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Hashimoto, Tatsuaki; Hirabayashi, Hisashi; Matsuhara, Hideo; Takano, Tadashi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Hikida, Wataru; Sasaki, Misao] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Ikegami, Takeshi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Inoue, Kaiki T.; Kawashima, Nobuki] Kinki Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Osaka 5778502, Japan. [Itoh, Yousuke] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Kanda, Nobuyuki; Nakano, Hiroyuki; Nakao, Kenichi; Yoo, Chul-Moon] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka 5588585, Japan. [Kobayashi, Shiho] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead L41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Kohri, Kazunori] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kojima, Yasufumi] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kokeyama, Keiko] Ochanomizu Univ, Grad Sch Human & Sci, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. [Kozai, Yoshihide] Gunma Astronom Observ, Gunma 3770702, Japan. [Kunimori, Hiroo] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo 1130001, Japan. [Kuroda, Kazuaki; Miyoki, Shinji; Ohashi, Masatake; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosmic Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Nishizawa, Atsushi; Niwa, Yoshito; Sakagami, Masaaki] Kyoto Univ, Fac Intergrated Human Studies, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Sago, Norichika; Tagoshi, Hideyuki] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Saijo, Motoyuki] Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Shinkai, Hisaaki] INAMORI Fdn, Kyoto 6008411, Japan. [Somiya, Kentaro; Takahashi, Hirotaka] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Taniguchi, Keisuke] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tsunesada, Yoshiki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. [Yoshino, Taizoh] Nakamura Minami, Tokyo 1760025, Japan. RP Ando, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM ando@granite.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Kawazoe, Fumiko/F-7700-2011; ANDO, MASAKI/G-4989-2014; Hong, Feng-Lei/N-3098-2014 OI ANDO, MASAKI/0000-0002-8865-9998; Hong, Feng-Lei/0000-0003-1318-2635 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency FX This research was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, and by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 032005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/3/032005 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900016 ER PT J AU Daso, D AF Daso, Dik TI Weapons of choice: The development of precision guided munitions. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Daso, Dik] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Daso, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 252 EP 254 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 260JB UT WOS:000253005500020 ER PT J AU Jacobs, SWL Gillespie, LJ Soreng, RJ AF Jacobs, Surrey W. L. Gillespie, Lynn J. Soreng, Robert J. TI New combinations in Hookerochloa and Poa (Gramineae) SO TELOPEA LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE DATA; POACEAE; POEAE AB The genus Austrafestuca is a synonym of Poa with its type species, A.littoralis - now a synonym of Poa billardierei. The combination P. pubinervis is made to place this closely related species with R billardierei. The other two species, A. eriopoda and A. hookeriana belong together in the genus Hookerochloa and a new combination is provided for Hookerochloa eriopoda. C1 [Jacobs, Surrey W. L.] Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Gillespie, Lynn J.] Canadian Museum Nat, Div Res, Stn D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. [Soreng, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Jacobs, SWL (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. EM surrey.jacobs@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL HERBARIUM NEW SOUTH WALES PI SYDNEY PA ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS SYDNEY, MRS MACQUARIES RD, SYDNEY, NSW, 2000 00000, AUSTRALIA SN 0312-9764 J9 TELOPEA JI Telopea PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 373AW UT WOS:000260944400010 ER PT J AU Sheppard, PR Ort, MH Anderson, KC Elson, MD Vazquez-Selem, L Clemens, AW Little, NC Speakman, RJ AF Sheppard, Paul R. Ort, Michael H. Anderson, Kirk C. Elson, Mark D. Vazquez-Selem, Lorenzo Clemens, Angelika W. Little, Nicole C. Speakman, Robert J. TI MULTIPLE DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL SIGNALS INDICATE THE ERUPTION OF PARICUTIN VOLCANO, MICHOACAN, MEXICO SO TREE-RING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paricutin volcano; dendrochronology; dendrochemistry; sulfur; phosphorus ID ALLOPHANIC TROPICAL SOILS; TREE-RINGS; ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ANION ADSORPTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS AB The eruption of Paricutin (1943-1952), a cinder cone volcano in Michoacan, Mexico, caused dendrochronological and dendrochemical responses that might be useful as general dating tools for eruptions. For the eruption period, pines near Paricutin have slightly suppressed ring widths plus high inter-annual variability of width. Wood anatomy changes include traumatic resin ducts and thin bands of false latewood. Dendrochemistry of tree rings shows little temporal variation in most elements, but beginning in 1943 sulfur content increased in rings of four trees and phosphorus content increased in rings of two trees. Hypotheses for increased S and P include new availability of pre-existing soil S and P and/or new input of S and P from the tephra itself. Pines at Paricutin also show suppressed ring widths for five years beginning in 1970, and had the eruption date not been known, the most likely conclusion from ring-width data alone would have been an eruption from 1970 to 1974. However, the 1970s suppression was in response to defoliation by a pine sawfly outbreak, not an eruption. For dendrochronological dating of cinder-cone eruptions, a combination of multiple characteristics (width, chemistry, and anatomy) would be more reliable than depending on any one characteristic alone. C1 [Sheppard, Paul R.; Clemens, Angelika W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ort, Michael H.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ort, Michael H.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, Kirk C.] No Arizona Univ, Bilby Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Elson, Mark D.] Desert Archaeol Inc, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. [Vazquez-Selem, Lorenzo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Little, Nicole C.; Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Sheppard, PR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sheppard@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Little, Nicole/L-6420-2015; OI Little, Nicole/0000-0002-9533-3187; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X FU National Science Foundation [0409117, 0409190, 0409149, 0504015]; National Park Service [P7470-02-0040] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (0409117, 0409190, 0409149, 0504015) and the National Park Service (P7470-02-0040), opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the granting agencies. NR 77 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU TREE-RING SOC PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, TREE-RING LABORATORY, BLDG 58, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-1098 J9 TREE-RING RES JI Tree-Ring Res. PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.3959/2008-3.1 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388PS UT WOS:000262032300003 ER PT J AU Niven, JE AF Niven, Jeremy E. TI Response to Kohler et al.: Impossible arguments about possible species? SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID HOMO-FLORESIENSIS; ISLAND RULE; EVOLUTION; HOMININ C1 [Niven, Jeremy E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Niven, Jeremy E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Niven, JE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM jen22@cam.ac.uk RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.004 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 256ZB UT WOS:000252767300004 ER PT J AU Boyle, SA AF Boyle, Sarah A. TI Human impacts on primate conservation in central Amazonia SO TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Neotropical primates; Amazonia; agroecosystems; conservation; Brazil AB Deforestation in the Amazon is a serious environmental, economic, and social concern. This article examines how a colonization plan to bring 180 families to an area north of Manaus, Brazil, would negatively impact the conservation of the six primate species residing in the area. The colonization sites would be located within the Biological Dynamics Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) study area, the longest-running study of forest fragmentation. An increase in human density in the area would likely increase deforestation and hunting pressure on the fauna, thereby threatening those species that have not fared well in forest fragments. Furthermore, the colonization plan threatens future research at BDFFP and other research sites, as well as the Central Amazonian Conservation Corridor. This would be a great scientific and conservation loss. C1 [Boyle, Sarah A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Boyle, Sarah A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Boyle, Sarah A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, AM, Brazil. RP Boyle, SA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 4601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Sarah.Boyle@asu.edu FU Instituto Nacional da Pesquisas de Amazonia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Fulbright/IIE; Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation; Primate Conservation, Inc.; Organization for Tropical Studies; American Society of Primatologists; Arizona State University FX R. Luizao, W. Laurance, D. Kabelik, B. Lenz, A. Smith, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments to improve this article. The author's research in Brazil was funded by the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project/Instituto Nacional da Pesquisas de Amazonia and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Fulbright/IIE, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Primate Conservation, Inc., Organization for Tropical Studies, American Society of Primatologists, and Arizona State University. This is contribution number 500 in the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project technical series. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 13 PU TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE PI MENIO PARK PA PO BOX 0291, MENIO PARK, CA 94026-0291 USA SN 1940-0829 J9 TROP CONSERV SCI JI Trop. Conserv. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 6 EP 17 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V21XT UT WOS:000208241000002 ER PT J AU Bentos, TV Mesquita, RCG Williamson, GB AF Bentos, Tony V. Mesquita, Rita C. G. Williamson, G. Bruce TI Reproductive Phenology of Central Amazon Pioneer Trees SO TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phenology; flowering; fruiting; seasonality; secondary growth; succession; regeneration AB This study characterizes the flowering and fruiting phenology of the 13 most common pioneer tree species in early successional forests of the Central Amazon. For each species, 30 individuals, 10 each in three secondary forests, were monitored monthly for four years at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, north of Manaus. Five species showed nearly continuous flowering and fruiting throughout the study, indicating that resources were available to pollinators and dispersers on a regular basis. The other eight species showed stronger seasonality in reproduction, seven of them annually, and one supra-annually. Overall, flowering was concentrated in the transition from the dry to the rainy season and fruiting was concentrated in the rainy season. There was no relationship between reproductive phenology and tree pollinator type or dispersal mode. Reproductive phenology was remarkably consistent year to year. The pioneer community showed a variety of phenological patterns but as a whole tended to be characterized by annual flowering and fruiting, either continuously or seasonally, thereby fitting generalizations of pioneer species relative to mature forest species. C1 [Bentos, Tony V.; Mesquita, Rita C. G.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Natl Inst Res Amazon INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69083000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Bentos, Tony V.; Mesquita, Rita C. G.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69083000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Williamson, G. Bruce] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Bentos, TV (reprint author), Natl Inst Res Amazon INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, CP 478, BR-69083000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM vizcarra@inpa.gov.br FU Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP); National Science Foundations of Brazil (CNPq) [48/2005]; US (NSF) [DEB 0639114]; CAPES (Brazil's Ministry of Education) FX We thank our field assistants, Alex, Osmaildo, Adailton and Lucas. This study was supported by the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) which is administered jointly by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA) and the Smithsonian Institution. Grants from the National Science Foundations of Brazil (CNPq PPG7 no. 48/2005) and the US (NSF DEB 0639114) provided partial support. One of us (TVB) was supported by a graduate student fellowship from CAPES (Brazil's Ministry of Education). This is Publication 517 in the technical series of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project. NR 103 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE PI MENIO PARK PA PO BOX 0291, MENIO PARK, CA 94026-0291 USA SN 1940-0829 J9 TROP CONSERV SCI JI Trop. Conserv. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 186 EP 203 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V21XW UT WOS:000208241300003 ER PT B AU Grauer, MR AF Grauer, Michael R. BE Storey, JW Kelley, ML TI "Wider Than the Limits of Our State" Texas Art in the Twentieth Century SO TWENTIETH-CENTURY TEXAS: A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grauer, Michael R.] Panhandle Plains Hist Museum, Canyon, TX USA. [Grauer, Michael R.] Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. [Grauer, Michael R.] So Methodist Univ, Meadows Museum, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Grauer, Michael R.] Dallas Museum Art, Dallas, TX USA. RP Grauer, MR (reprint author), Panhandle Plains Hist Museum, Canyon, TX USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH TEXAS PRESS PI DENTON PA PO BOX 13856, DENTON, TX 76203-3856 USA BN 978-1-57441-379-3; 978-1-57441-245-1 PY 2008 BP 267 EP 299 PG 33 WC History SC History GA BJG39 UT WOS:000328070400011 ER PT S AU Ho, WCG AF Ho, Wynn C. G. BE Phelan, D Ryan, O Shearer, A TI Modeling rotation phase-resolved observations of neutron star surfaces SO UNIVERSE AT SUB-SECOND TIMESCALES: HIGH TIME RESOLUTION ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Universe at Sub-Second Timescales CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP OPTICON, Hamamatsu, Andor, ICOS DE stars : atmospheres; stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron; stars : rotation; X-rays : stars ID STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; XMM-NEWTON; HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERES; SPECTRAL FEATURES; THERMAL EMISSION; RX J1856.5-3754; X-RAYS; POLARIZATION; 1E-1207.4-5209 AB Recent observations by XMM-Newton detected modulations in the total brightness and in the spectrum of several neutron stars, with variations on less than or similar to 1 second timescales due to the rapid rotation of these stars. To properly interpret the data, accurate modeling of neutron star emission is necessary. Detailed analysis of the shape and strength of the rotational variations allows a measurement of the surface composition and magnetic field, as well as constrains the nuclear equation of state. We discuss our models of the spectra and light curves of two of the most observed neutron stars, RX J1856.5-3754 and 1E 1207.4-5209, and discuss some implications of our results. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ho, WCG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0503-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 984 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHJ61 UT WOS:000253601700005 ER PT J AU Garshelis, DL Wang, H Wang, DJ Zhu, XJ Li, S McShea, WJ AF Garshelis, David L. Wang Hao Wang Dajun Zhu Xiaojian Li Sheng McShea, William J. TI Do revised giant panda population estimates aid in their conservation? SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Ailuropoda melanoleuca; bamboo stem fragment; China; DNA mark-recapture; genotyping error; giant panda; IUCN red-listing; population closure; rangewide population estimate ID GENOTYPING ERRORS; TELEMETRY AB The small number of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the world makes this the only species of bear classified as globally endangered on the IUCN red list. The latest rangewide population estimate was derived from scats (feces) found along transects throughout the geographic range of the species. Scats were differentiated into similar to 1,600 individuals based on their geographical separation and the size of bamboo stern fragments contained within (reflective of bite-sizes). Recently, a team of researchers (Zhan et al. 2006) conducted genetic analysis of scats In a Chinese Nature Reserve (Wanglang). Their estimate of giant panda numbers there was double that obtained Using the bite-size technique. Taking this to be representative of the entire range, they speculated that there could be 3,000 pandas in the wild. Many in the international conservation community heralded this as evidence that panda conservation is working well. Moreover, if the revised rangewide estimate is accepted as true, it could mandate the downlisting of pandas on the red list. We believe that such conclusions are unwarranted, or at least premature. First, the DNA-based estimate in the reserve may have been inflated by lack of geographic closure (which seems probable) and genotyping errors (which we found evidence of). Second, it was inappropriate to extrapolate results from this single point to the entire range of the species. The bite-size technique may substantially underestimate panda numbers in dense populations, such as in Wanglang Nature Reserve, where many nearby individuals likely have similar bite characteristics, whereas the technique may be more accurate in differentiating individuals in more sparsely populated areas. Although molecular-based population estimation is more rigorous than the bite-size method, too Much uncertainty exists in the revised estimates to surmise either current population size or trend. We recommend (1) quantification of genotyping error rates for panda feces. (2) comparison of population estimates using bite-sizes and DNA derived from the same, short-term collection of scats. and (3) incorporation of both techniques in the next rangewide Population estimate. C1 [Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Wang Hao; Wang Dajun; Zhu Xiaojian; Li Sheng] Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [McShea, William J.] Conservat & Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Garshelis, DL (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM dave.garshelis@dnr.state.mn.us NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 EI 1938-5439 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.2192/07PER011.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 386IV UT WOS:000261877800008 ER PT J AU Ballou, JD Traylor-Holzer, K Turner, A Malo, AF Powell, D Maldonado, J Eggert, L AF Ballou, Jonathan D. Traylor-Holzer, Kathy Turner, Allison Malo, Aurelio F. Powell, David Maldonado, Jesus Eggert, Lori TI Simulation model for contraceptive management of the Assateague Island feral horse population using individual-based data SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife CY SEP 03-05, 2007 CL York, ENGLAND ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; VIABILITY AB The National Park Service (NPS) manages a culturally significant population of feral horses (Equus caballus) inhabiting the Maryland portion of Assateague Island, a barrier island in the eastern United States. Rapid growth of this population over the past few decades from 28 to 166 horses negatively impacts native species and ecological processes on the island. Since 1994, contraception via porcine zona pellucida vaccine has been used to control horse numbers, although herd reduction has been slower than initially expected, leading NPS to consider other management options. An individual-based stochastic simulation model was developed using the Vortex software program to examine the effects of different management strategies on the population. Data from the managed population were used to populate the model parameters. Model projections over the next 50 years using current management practices show an average rate of population decline of 13% per year, suggesting that the population will reach the management target of 80-100 horses in 5-8 years. The effectiveness of contraception to reduce the herd and maintain it at various target sizes of 20-100 horses was also assessed. The accumulation of inbreeding at each target population size was also modelled. C1 [Ballou, Jonathan D.; Malo, Aurelio F.; Maldonado, Jesus] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Traylor-Holzer, Kathy] IUCN SSC Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. [Turner, Allison] Natl Pk Serv, Assateague Isl Natl Seashore, Berlin, MD 21811 USA. [Powell, David] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Eggert, Lori] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ballou, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM ballouj@si.edu RI Malo, Aurelio/D-3973-2011 OI Malo, Aurelio/0000-0002-0846-2096 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1071/WR07124 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 362UP UT WOS:000260222900005 ER PT J AU Penev, L Erwin, T Thompson, FC Sues, HD Engel, MS Agosti, D Pyle, R Ivie, M Assmann, T Henry, T Miller, J Ananjeva, NB Casale, A Lourenco, W Golovatch, S Fagerholm, HP Taiti, S Alonso-Zarazaga, M van Nieukerken, E AF Penev, Lyubomir Erwin, Terry Thompson, F. Christian Sues, Hans-Dieter Engel, Michael S. Agosti, Donat Pyle, Richard Ivie, Michael Assmann, Thorsten Henry, Thomas Miller, Jeremy Ananjeva, Natalia B. Casale, Achille Lourenco, Wilson Golovatch, Sergei Fagerholm, Hans-Peter Taiti, Stefano Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel van Nieukerken, Erik TI ZooKeys, unlocking Earth's incredible biodiversity and building a sustainable bridge into the public domain: From "print-based" to "web-based" taxonomy, systematics, and natural history ZooKeys Editorial Opening Paper SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Taxonomy; systematics; online publishing; ZooBank; open access ID OPEN-ACCESS ARTICLES; HYMENOPTERA; GENUS; REVISION; IMPACT AB Publishing taxonomic and systematics studies in the digital era faces major challenges and requires new approaches, man), of which are currently stimulating spirited discussions amongst taxonomists and systematists. New amendments to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature are expected to regulate electronic publishing of new taxa and create a standard form for their registration (ZooBank). Responding to a perceived need, this editorial announces establishment of ZooKeys - a new online and print journal in zoological taxonomy and systematics, which aims to quickly respond and adapt to the newest developments in taxonomic publishing. Open Access is accepted as mandatory for ZooKeys. The rationale for and concept of ZooKeys is discussed in detail. C1 [Penev, Lyubomir] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Thompson, F. Christian; Henry, Thomas] USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Sues, Hans-Dieter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Engel, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Div Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Agosti, Donat] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Agosti, Donat] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Bern, Switzerland. [Pyle, Richard] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Ivie, Michael] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Henry, Thomas] Univ Luneburg, D-21335 Luneburg, Germany. [Miller, Jeremy] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Ananjeva, Natalia B.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Casale, Achille] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Zool & Genet Evoluzionist, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Lourenco, Wilson] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. [Golovatch, Sergei] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia. [Fagerholm, Hans-Peter] Abo Akad Univ, Turku, Finland. [Taiti, Stefano] CNR, Ist Studio Ecosistemi, Florence, Italy. [Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [van Nieukerken, Erik] Natl Nat Hist Museum Nat, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net; erwint@si.edu RI Engel, Michael/C-5461-2012 OI Engel, Michael/0000-0003-3067-077X NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2008 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.3897/zookeys.1.11 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 441FM UT WOS:000265754700001 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI A new genus, Smilirhexia, of Smiliini (Hemiptera, Membracidae) from Costa Rica SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Membracoidea; Homoptera; Auchenorrhyncha; new genus; new species ID TREEHOPPERS HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; OAK AB Smilirhexia naranja, gen. n. and sp. n., is described from Central America, the southern limit of the tribe Smiliini, and represents a strong divergence from the morphology of the oak-feeding genera prevalent in North America. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC USA. EM stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2008 IS 3 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.3897/zookeys.3.29 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 443XQ UT WOS:000265944500005 ER PT J AU Marin, I Anker, A AF Marin, Ivan Anker, Arthur TI A new species of Pontonia Latreille, 1829 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) associated with sea squirts (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the Pacific coast of Panama SO ZOOSYSTEMA LA English DT Article DE Crustacea; Decapoda; Caridea; Palaemonidae; Pontoniinae; Pontonia; eastern Pacific; Panama; symbiosis; ascidians; host switch; new species AB Pontonia panamica n. sp., is described on the basis of 14 specimens from the Pacific coast of Panama. The new species associates with sea squirts, Ascidia cf interrupta Heller, 1878 (Ascidiidae) attaching underneath rocks partly submerged in silty sand in the lower intertidal. Pontonia panamica n. sp. is closely related to P longispina Holthuis, 1951 from the Gulf of California, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the absence of a subdistal tooth on the ventral margin of the rostrum; the more developed distolateral tooth on the first antennular segment; the longer proximal segments in the endopod of the second maxilliped; the dactylus of the minor cheliped with one simple triangular tooth on the cutting edge; and the comparatively longer carpi of both minor and major chelipeds. The recently proposed phylogeny of Pontonia (Fransen 2002) and the association of P. panamica n. sp. with an ascidian host suggest a host switch from Ascidiacea to Mollusca relatively early in the evolutionary history of this genus. C1 [Marin, Ivan] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtzov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117071, Russia. [Anker, Arthur] Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Panama City, Panama. [Anker, Arthur] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Marin, I (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtzov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia. EM coralliodecapoda@mail.ru; ankera@si.edu NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSEUM, PARIS PI PARIS CEDEX 05 PA CP 39-57, RUE CUVIER, F-75231 PARIS CEDEX 05, FRANCE SN 1280-9551 J9 ZOOSYSTEMA JI Zoosystema PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 501 EP 515 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 325HH UT WOS:000257579400010 ER PT J AU Studds, CE Marra, PP AF Studds, Colin E. Marra, Peter P. TI Linking fluctuations in rainfall to nonbreeding season performance in a long-distance migratory bird, Setophaga ruticilla SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE American redstart; climate change; migratory birds; seasonal interactions; Setophaga ruticilla; spring migration ID WEST-AFRICAN RAINFALL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT SEGREGATION; AMERICAN REDSTARTS; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; SPRING ARRIVAL; MIGRANT BIRDS AB Research on long-distance migratory birds has yielded some of the strongest evidence that shifts in climate are changing ecosystem processes. Much of this work has focused on understanding whether rising temperatures on temperate breeding grounds are advancing migration phenology and limiting reproductive success. However, conditions on tropical nonbreeding quarters can also shape these processes, yet few studies have directly measured bird responses to climate during this part of the annual cycle. We tested the hypothesis that variation in winter rainfall can influence food availability and the nonbreeding season performance of American redstarts Setophaga ruticilla occupying 2 contrasting habitats: wet, mangrove forest and dry, second-growth scrub. From 2002 to 2005, food availability, body mass, and spring departure schedules of birds in both habitats were highly dependent on rainfall. Food availability in mangrove forest was higher than in second-growth scrub in 3 out of 4 yr, allowing birds in this habitat to maintain better physical condition through the winter and depart earlier on spring migration. However, abundant rainfall in the spring of 2004 led to abnormally high food availability in scrub and early departure of birds in both habitats. These results suggest that rainfall on tropical wintering areas can have major effects on the nonbreeding season performance of migratory birds, and that the timing of rainfall within the dry season, not just the absolute amount, may be critical for orchestrating migratory departure schedules. Because rainfall in tropical regions is projected to decline drastically over the next 50 yr, migratory birds could face increasingly severe food shortages prior to spring migration. Such conditions could force departure schedules to become delayed and constrain adaptation to selection for earlier breeding in response to rising temperatures at breeding areas. C1 [Studds, Colin E.] Univ Maryland, Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Studds, Colin E.; Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Studds, CE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM studdsc@si.edu RI Studds, Colin/C-3701-2012 NR 58 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 7 U2 44 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.3354/cr00718 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255AZ UT WOS:000252630400009 ER PT J AU Ferraris, CJ Vari, RP AF Ferraris, Carl. J., Jr. Vari, Richard P. TI Revision of catfishes of the genus Eutropiichthys, with the description of two new species (Siluriformes : Schilbidae) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Schilbid catfishes of the genus Eutropiichthys are reviewed. Eutropiichthys muirius occurs in Bangladesh, northern India, and southern Nepal. Eutropiichthys vacha, considered by previous authors to be distributed from Pakistan across India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Myanmar to Thailand, was found to include four species, with E. vacha limited to the rivers of eastern Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. Eutrapiichthys burmannicus, originally proposed as a variety of E. vacha but not subsequently recognized as valid, was found to be a distinct species inhabiting drainages from the Irrawaddy River of Myanmar to the lower Salween River of Myanmar and Thailand. Two additional species of Eutropiichthys are named in this paper: Eutrapiichthys britzi is described from the Irrawaddy and Sittang Rivers of Myanmar; and E. salweenensis is described from the portion of the Salween River in Thailand. A lectotype is designated for Eutropiichthys burmannicus. Hypophthalmus goongwaree, which has been considered to be a member of Eutropiichthys, was found to lack the characteristics of that genus. similarly, Pseudeutropius murius batarensis was found not to pertain to Eutropiichthys. A key to the species of Eutropiichthys is provided. C1 [Vari, Richard P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fisheries, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vari, RP (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fisheries, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 159, WG-14,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM varir@si.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 28 PY 2007 IS 4 BP 866 EP 885 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 247SK UT WOS:000252100300010 ER PT J AU Santee, ML Lambert, A Read, WG Livesey, NJ Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Froidevaux, L Fuller, RA Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Manney, GL Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA Waters, JW Muscari, G de Zafra, RL Dibb, JE Fahey, DW Popp, PJ Marcy, TP Jucks, KW Toon, GC Stachnik, RA Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Urban, J Murtagh, D AF Santee, M. L. Lambert, A. Read, W. G. Livesey, N. J. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Froidevaux, L. Fuller, R. A. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Manney, G. L. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. Waters, J. W. Muscari, G. de Zafra, R. L. Dibb, J. E. Fahey, D. W. Popp, P. J. Marcy, T. P. Jucks, K. W. Toon, G. C. Stachnik, R. A. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Urban, J. Murtagh, D. TI Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder HNO3 measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MILLIMETER-WAVE; EOS MLS; SATELLITE; SUBMILLIMETER; RETRIEVALS; CHEMISTRY; PROFILES; MISSION AB [1] We assess the quality of the version 2.2 (v2.2) HNO3 measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Earth Observing System Aura satellite. The MLS HNO3 product has been greatly improved over that in the previous version (v1.5), with smoother profiles, much more realistic behavior at the lowest retrieval levels, and correction of a high bias caused by an error in one of the spectroscopy files used in v1.5 processing. The v2.2 HNO3 data are scientifically useful over the range 215 to 3.2 hPa, with single-profile precision of similar to 0.7 ppbv throughout. Vertical resolution is 3-4 km in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, degrading to similar to 5 km in the middle and upper stratosphere. The impact of various sources of systematic uncertainty has been quantified through a comprehensive set of retrieval simulations. In aggregate, systematic uncertainties are estimated to induce in the v2.2 HNO3 measurements biases that vary with altitude between +/- 0.5 and +/- 2 ppbv and multiplicative errors of +/- 5-15% throughout the stratosphere, rising to similar to +/- 30% at 215 hPa. Consistent with this uncertainty analysis, comparisons with correlative data sets show that relative to HNO3 measurements from ground- based, balloon- borne, and satellite instruments operating in both the infrared and microwave regions of the spectrum, MLS v2.2 HNO3 mixing ratios are uniformly low by 10-30% throughout most of the stratosphere. Comparisons with in situ measurements made from the DC-8 and WB-57 aircraft in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere indicate that the MLS HNO3 values are low in this region as well, but are useful for scientific studies (with appropriate averaging). C1 [Santee, M. L.; Lambert, A.; Read, W. G.; Livesey, N. J.; Cofield, R. E.; Cuddy, D. T.; Daffer, W. H.; Drouin, B. J.; Froidevaux, L.; Fuller, R. A.; Jarnot, R. F.; Knosp, B. W.; Manney, G. L.; Perun, V. S.; Snyder, W. V.; Stek, P. C.; Thurstans, R. P.; Wagner, P. A.; Waters, J. W.; Toon, G. C.; Stachnik, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Muscari, G.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. [de Zafra, R. L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fahey, D. W.; Popp, P. J.; Marcy, T. P.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Marcy, T. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Urban, J.; Murtagh, D.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Santee, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; NR 51 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S40 DI 10.1029/2007JD008721 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NM UT WOS:000252013700008 ER PT J AU Chenoweth, LB Tierney, SM Smith, JA Cooper, SJB Schwarz, MP AF Chenoweth, Luke B. Tierney, Simon M. Smith, Jaclyn A. Cooper, Steven J. B. Schwarz, Michael P. TI Social complexity in bees is not sufficient to explain lack of reversions to solitary living over long time scales SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLODAPINE BEES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; SEX ALLOCATION; EVOLUTION; HYMENOPTERA; EUSOCIALITY; DIVERGENCE; BEHAVIOR; APIDAE; DIVERSIFICATION AB Background: The major lineages of eusocial insects, the ants, termites, stingless bees, honeybees and vespid wasps, all have ancient origins (>= 65 mya) with no reversions to solitary behaviour. This has prompted the notion of a 'point of no return' whereby the evolutionary elaboration and integration of behavioural, genetic and morphological traits over a very long period of time leads to a situation where reversion to solitary living is no longer an evolutionary option. Results: We show that in another group of social insects, the allodapine bees, there was a single origin of sociality > 40 mya. We also provide data on the biology of a key allodapine species, Halterapis nigrinervis, showing that it is truly social. H. nigrinervis was thought to be the only allodapine that was not social, and our findings therefore indicate that there have been no losses of sociality among extant allodapine clades. Allodapine colony sizes rarely exceed 10 females per nest and all females in virtually all species are capable of nesting and reproducing independently, so these bees clearly do not fit the 'point of no return' concept. Conclusion: We argue that allodapine sociality has been maintained by ecological constraints and the benefits of alloparental care, as opposed to behavioural, genetic or morphological constraints to independent living. Allodapine brood are highly vulnerable to predation because they are progressively reared in an open nest (not in sealed brood cells), which provides potentially large benefits for alloparental care and incentives for reproductives to tolerate potential alloparents. We argue that similar vulnerabilities may also help explain the lack of reversions to solitary living in other taxa with ancient social origins. C1 [Chenoweth, Luke B.; Smith, Jaclyn A.; Schwarz, Michael P.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Tierney, Simon M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Cooper, Steven J. B.] S Australian Museum, Evolutionary Biol Unit, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Chenoweth, LB (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM luke.chenoweth@flinders.edu.au; tierneys@si.edu; jaclyn.smith@flinders.edu.au; cooper.steve@saugov.sa.gov.au; michael.schwarz@flinders.edu.au RI Cooper, Steven/I-6291-2012; Tierney, Simon/H-2410-2015 OI Tierney, Simon/0000-0002-8812-6753 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 246 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-7-246 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 262OF UT WOS:000253157100001 PM 18154646 ER PT J AU Long, WC Burke, RP AF Long, W. Christopher Burke, Russell P. TI Habitat size, flora, and fauna: Interactions in a tidal saltwater marsh SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; Littoraria irrorata; marsh; periwinkle; Spartina alterniflora; Uca ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA PRODUCTION; BLUE-CRAB SURVIVAL; SALT-MARSH; PATCH-SIZE; LITTORINA-IRRORATA; SEAGRASS; FRAGMENTATION; PREDATION; LANDSCAPE; DENSITY AB Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation is increasingly problematic in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Fragmentation reduces the size of habitat patches, so examining the effect of patch size on community structure can provide insight into the potential effects of fragmentation. In this study, we examined the effect of habitat size on the density of Spartina alterniflora shoots in tidal saltwater marshes, as well as on the two predominant macrofaunal species, the marsh periwinkle Littoraria irrorata and fiddler crabs Uca spp. We estimated the density of shoots in three different marsh habitats, (1) large island marshes, (2) small island marshes, and (3) large fringing marshes, in Indian Field Creek, York River, Chesapeake Bay. We manipulated shoot density in each of the marsh types to distinguish between the effects of marsh grass density and marsh type on crab and Littoraria densities in the system. We found significant differences in grass density among the three marsh types as well as significant species-specific effects of grass density, marsh type, and distance from edge on faunal abundance. Decreasing the shoot density resulted in a decrease in Littoraria density in the large marshes. Littoraria density increased with distance from edge in the small marshes and in the first 5 m of the fringing marshes, then decreased with distance from edge after 5 in in the fringing marshes. Shoot density had a negative effect on crabs in both the large and small marshes. These results suggest that fragmentation would have a negative effect on the community structure by lowering the densities of both the flora and fauna. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Burke, Russell P.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Warf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM longw@si.edu RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.09.004 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 246NY UT WOS:000252014900008 ER PT J AU Roelofs, GHA Groot, PJ Steeghs, D Marsh, TR Nelemans, G AF Roelofs, G. H. A. Groot, P. J. Steeghs, D. Marsh, T. R. Nelemans, G. TI The long-period AM CVn star SDSS J155252.48+320150.9 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual; SDSS J155252.48+320150.9; novae, cataclysmic variables ID CANUM-VENATICORUM BINARIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; WHITE-DWARFS; ORBITAL PERIOD; SYSTEMS; NOVA; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; DONORS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has been instrumental in obtaining a homogeneous sample of the rare AM CVn stars: mass-transferring binary white dwarfs. As part of a campaign of spectroscopic follow-up on candidate AM CVn stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we have obtained time-resolved spectra of the g = 20.2 candidate SDSS J155252.48+320150.9 on the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory. We report an orbital period P-orb = 3376.3 +/- 0.3 s, or 56.272 +/- 0.005 min, based on an observed 'S-wave' in the helium emission lines of the spectra. This confirms the ultracompact nature of the binary. Despite its relative closeness to the orbital period minimum for hydrogen-rich donors, there is no evidence for hydrogen in the spectra. We thus classify SDSS J1552 as a new bona fide AM CVn star, with the second-longest orbital period after V396 Hya (P = 65.5 min). The continuum of SDSS J1552 is compatible with either a blackbody or helium atmosphere of T-eff = 12 000-15 000 K. If this represents the photosphere of the accreting white dwarf, as is expected, it puts the accretor at the upper end of the temperature range predicted by thermal evolution models. This suggests that SDSS J1552 consists of (or formerly consisted of) relatively high-mass components. C1 [Roelofs, G. H. A.; Groot, P. J.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Roelofs, G. H. A.; Steeghs, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Steeghs, D.; Marsh, T. R.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Roelofs, GHA (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, PO Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM groelofs@cfa.harvard.edu RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 4 BP 1643 EP 1647 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12397.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241QY UT WOS:000251672100020 ER PT J AU Dale, JE Ercolano, B Clarke, CJ AF Dale, J. E. Ercolano, B. Clarke, C. J. TI A new algorithm for modelling photoionizing radiation in smoothed particle hydrodynamics SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; methods : numerical ID MASSIVE MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STAR CLUSTER FORMATION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; STELLAR CLUSTERS; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; RESOLUTION REQUIREMENTS; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAS EXPULSION; ACCRETION AB We present a new fast algorithm which allows the simulation of ionizing radiation emitted from a point source to be included in high-resolution three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of star cluster formation. We employ a Stromgren volume technique in which we use the densities of particles near the line-of-sight between the source and a given target particle to locate the ionization front in the direction of the target. Along with one-dimensional tests, we present fully three-dimensional comparisons of our code with the three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, mocassin, and show that we achieve good agreement, even in the case of highly complex density fields. C1 [Dale, J. E.] Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Ercolano, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ercolano, B.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Clarke, C. J.] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Dale, JE (reprint author), Lund Observ, Box 43, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM jim@astro.lu.se NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 4 BP 1759 EP 1767 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12486.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241QY UT WOS:000251672100031 ER PT J AU Cappellaro, P Ramanathan, C Cory, DG AF Cappellaro, P. Ramanathan, C. Cory, D. G. TI Simulations of information transport in spin chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; POLARIZATION AB Transport of quantum information in linear spin chains has been the subject of much theoretical work. Experimental studies by NMR in solid state spin systems (a natural implementation of such models) is complicated since the dipolar Hamiltonian is not solely comprised of nearest-neighbor XY-Heisenberg couplings. We present here a similarity transformation between the XY Hamiltonian and the double-quantum Hamiltonian, an interaction which is achievable with the collective control provided by radio-frequency pulses. Not only can this second Hamiltonian simulate the information transport in a spin chain, but it also creates coherent states, whose intensities give an experimental signature of the transport. This scheme makes it possible to study experimentally the transport of polarization beyond exactly solvable models and explore the appearance of quantum coherence and interference effects. C1 [Cappellaro, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ramanathan, C.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cappellaro, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/C-5207-2008; Cappellaro, Paola/B-1413-2010 OI Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/0000-0002-7457-3608; Cappellaro, Paola/0000-0003-3207-594X NR 39 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 250506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.250506 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100013 PM 18233510 ER PT J AU Daly, M Brugler, MR Cartwright, P Collins, AG Dawson, MN Fautin, DG France, SC Mcfadden, CS Opresko, DM Rodriguez, E Romano, SL Stake, JL AF Daly, Marymegan Brugler, Mercer R. Cartwright, Paulyn Collins, Allen G. Dawson, Michael N. Fautin, Daphne G. France, Scott C. Mcfadden, Catherine S. Opresko, Dennis M. Rodriguez, Estefania Romano, Sandra L. Stake, Joel L. TI The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE systematics; black coral; coral; hydroid; jellyfish; octocoral; sea anemone ID EUROPEAN ATHECATE HYDROIDS; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CLASS-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS; 18S RDNA SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; SEA-ANEMONE; SP-NOV; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MEDUSAE HYDROZOA AB Systema Naturae includes representatives of every major lineage of the animal phylum Cnidaria. However, Linnaeus did not classify the members of the phylum as is now done, and the diversity of the group is not well represented. We contrast the Linnaean perspective on cnidarian diversity with the modern, phylogenetic perspective. For each order, we detail diversity at the family level, providing phylogenetic context where possible. C1 [Daly, Marymegan; Rodriguez, Estefania] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organ Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brugler, Mercer R.; France, Scott C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA USA. [Cartwright, Paulyn; Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Dawson, Michael N.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Mcfadden, Catherine S.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Opresko, Dennis M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Romano, Sandra L.; Stake, Joel L.] Univ Virgin Isl, Div Sci & Math, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Daly, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organ Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM daly.66@osu.edu; mrbrugler@yahoo.com; pcart@ku.edu; collinsa@si.edu; mdawson@ucmerced.edu; fautin@ku.edu; france@louisiana.edu; catherine_mcfadden@HMC.edu; fani@us.es; sromano@uvi.edu; jstake@yahoo.com RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Daly, Marymegan/F-9178-2011; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Dawson, Michael/0000-0001-7927-8395 NR 257 TC 140 Z9 166 U1 11 U2 35 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 21 PY 2007 IS 1668 BP 127 EP 182 PG 56 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 243IY UT WOS:000251791200010 ER PT J AU Pawson, DL AF Pawson, David L. TI Phylum Echinodermata SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review ID SEA-URCHINS ECHINOIDEA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; FOSSIL RECORD; HOLOTHUROIDEA ECHINODERMATA; HOLOTHURIANS ECHINODERMATA; ASTEROIDEA ECHINODERMATA; COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; STALKED CRINOIDS; DIVERGENCE TIMES C1 [Pawson, David L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pawson, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Mail Stop MRC163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pawsond@si.edu NR 133 TC 31 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 8 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 21 PY 2007 IS 1668 BP 749 EP 764 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 243IY UT WOS:000251791200030 ER PT J AU Marshall, PJ Treu, T Melbourne, J Gavazzi, R Bundy, K Ammons, SM Bolton, AS Burles, S Larkin, JE Le Mignant, D Koo, DC Koopmans, LVE Max, CE Moustakas, LA Steinbring, E Wright, SA AF Marshall, Philip J. Treu, Tommaso Melbourne, Jason Gavazzi, Raphael Bundy, Kevin Ammons, S. Mark Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott Larkin, James E. Le Mignant, David Koo, David C. Koopmans, Leon V. E. Max, Claire E. Moustakas, Leonidas A. Steinbring, Eric Wright, Shelley A. TI Superresolving distant galaxies with gravitational telescopes: Keck laser guide star adaptive optics and Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the lens system SDSS J0737+3216 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; gravitational lensing; instrumentation : adaptive optics; methods : data analysis; techniques : high angular resolution ID COMPACT BLUE GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DISK GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER; DEEP FIELD; ACS SURVEY; SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; SIZE EVOLUTION AB We combine high-resolution images in four optical/infrared bands, obtained with the laser guide star adaptive optics ( LGSAO) system on the Keck telescope and with the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST), to study the gravitational lens system SDSS J0737 + 3216 ( lens redshift 0.3223, source redshift 0.5812). We show that ( under favorable observing conditions) ground-based images are comparable to those obtained with HST in terms of precision in the determination of the parameters of both the lens mass distribution and the background source. We also quantify the systematic errors associated with both the incomplete knowledge of the PSF and the uncertain process of lens galaxy light removal and find that similar accuracy can be achieved with Keck LGSAO as with HST. We then exploit this well-calibrated combination of optical and gravitational telescopes to perform a multiwavelength study of the source galaxy at 0.01 '' effective resolution. We find the Sersic index to be indicative of a disklike object, but the measured half-light radius (r(e) = 0.59 +/- 0.007 stat +/- 0.1 sys kpc) and stellar mass (M* = 2.0 +/- 1.0 stat +/- 0.8 sys x 10(9) M(circle dot)) place it more than 3 sigma away from the local disk size-mass relation. The SDSS J0737 + 3216 source has the characteristics of the most compact faint blue galaxies studied and comparable size and mass to dwarf early-type galaxies in the local universe. With the aid of gravitational telescopes to measure individual objects' brightness profiles to 10% accuracy, the study of the high-redshift size-mass relation may be extended by an order of magnitude or more beyond existing surveys at the low-mass end, thus providing a new observational test of galaxy formation models. C1 [Marshall, Philip J.; Treu, Tommaso; Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Melbourne, Jason; Ammons, S. Mark; Koo, David C.; Max, Claire E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Melbourne, Jason; Ammons, S. Mark; Le Mignant, David] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bundy, Kevin] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Bolton, Adam S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Larkin, James E.; Wright, Shelley A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Le Mignant, David] W M Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Koopmans, Leon V. E.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Steinbring, Eric] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Marshall, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM pjm@physics.ucsb.edu OI Wright, Shelley/0000-0003-1034-8054; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 NR 61 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1196 EP 1211 DI 10.1086/523091 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600011 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Huang, JS Fazio, GG Cox, TJ Lai, K Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Papovich, CJ Simard, L Lin, L Cheng, YW Yan, H Keres, D Shapley, AE AF Younger, Joshua D. Huang, Jia-Sheng Fazio, Giovanni G. Cox, Thomas J. Lai, Kamson Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars Papovich, Casey J. Simard, Luc Lin, Lihwai Cheng, Yi-Wen Yan, Haojin Keres, Dusan Shapley, Alice E. TI Rest-frame ultraviolet to near-infrared observations of an interacting Lyman break galaxy at z=4.42 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : stellar content; infrared : galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; DEEP-FIELD-NORTH; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STELLAR MASSES; MIDINFRARED OBSERVATIONS; ORBITAL PARAMETERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB We present the rest-frame ultraviolet through near-infrared spectral energy distribution for an interacting Lyman break galaxy at a redshift z = 4.42, the highest redshift merging system known with clearly resolved tidal features. The two objects in this system, HDF-G4 and its previously unidentified companion, are both B-435-band dropouts, have similar V-606 - i(775) and i(775) - z(850) colors, and are separated by 1 '', which at z = 4.42 corresponds to 7 kpc projected nuclear separation; these are all indicators of an interacting system. Fits to stellar population models indicate a stellar mass of M-star = 2.6 x 10(10) M-circle dot, an age of tau(star) = 720 Myr, and an exponential star formation history, with an e-folding time tau(0) = 440 Myr. Using these derived stellar populations as constraints, we model the HDF-G4 system using hydrodynamical simulations, and find that it will likely evolve into a quasar by z similar to 3.5, and a quiescent, compact spheroid by z similar to 2.5, similar to those observed at z greater than or similar to 2. The existence of such an object supports galaxy formation models in which major mergers drive the high-redshift buildup of spheroids and black holes. C1 [Younger, Joshua D.; Huang, Jia-Sheng; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Cox, Thomas J.; Lai, Kamson; Hopkins, Philip F.; Hernquist, Lars; Keres, Dusan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Papovich, Casey J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Simard, Luc] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Lin, Lihwai] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lin, Lihwai] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Cheng, Yi-Wen] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Yan, Haojin] Carnegie Obsev, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Shapley, Alice E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1241 EP 1247 DI 10.1086/522773 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600014 ER PT J AU Evans, DA Lee, JC Turner, TJ Weaver, KA Marshall, HL AF Evans, Daniel A. Lee, Julia C. Turner, T. Jane Weaver, Kimberly A. Marshall, Herman L. TI Probing unification with Chandra HETGS and XMM-Newton EPIC and RGS spectroscopy of the narrow emission line galaxy NGC 2110 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (NGC 2110); galaxies : Seyfert ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; SPECTRA; REFLECTION; NGC-1068; IRON; AGN; DISTRIBUTIONS; QUASARS AB We present results from Chandra HETGS (250 ks over two epochs) and XMM-Newton EPIC and RGS (60 ks) observations of NGC 2110, which has been historically classified as a narrow emission line galaxy. Our results support the interpretation that the source is a Seyfert 2 viewed through a patchy absorber. The nuclear X-ray spectrum of the source is best described by a power law of photon index Gamma similar to 1.7, modified by absorption from multiple layers of neutral material at a large distance from the central supermassive black hole. We report the strong detections of Fe K alpha and Si K alpha lines, which are marginally resolved with the Chandra HETGS, and we constrain the emission radius of the fluorescing material to greater than or similar to 1 pc. There is some evidence for modest additional broadening at the base of the narrow Fe K alpha core with a velocity similar to 4500 km s(-1). We find tentative evidence for ionized emission (O VIII Ly alpha, an O VIII RRC feature, and possibly a Ne IX forbidden line) in the Chandra MEG and XMM-Newton RGS spectra, which could be associated with the known extended X-ray emission that lies similar to 160 pc from the nucleus. We suggest that the 10(23) cm(-2) partially covering absorber originates in broad-line region clouds in the vicinity of the AGN, and that the 3 x 10(22) cm(-2) coverer is likely to have a more distant origin and have a flattened geometry in order to allow the small-scale radio jet to escape. C1 [Evans, Daniel A.; Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Evans, Daniel A.; Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Turner, T. Jane; Weaver, Kimberly A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Turner, T. Jane] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Marshall, Herman L.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015 OI Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1345 EP 1354 DI 10.1086/523037 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600023 ER PT J AU Hickox, RC Jones, C Forman, WR Murray, SS Brodwin, M Brown, MJI Eisenhardt, PR Stern, D Kochanek, CS Eisenstein, D Cool, RJ Jannuzi, BT Dey, A Brand, K Gorjian, V Caldwell, N AF Hickox, R. C. Jones, C. Forman, W. R. Murray, S. S. Brodwin, M. Brown, M. J. I. Eisenhardt, P. R. Stern, D. Kochanek, C. S. Eisenstein, D. Cool, R. J. Jannuzi, B. T. Dey, A. Brand, K. Gorjian, V. Caldwell, N. TI A large population of mid-infrared-selected, obscured active galaxies in the Bootes field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; infrared : galaxies; quasars : general; surveys; X-rays : galaxies ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; RAY-SELECTED AGN; X-RAY; GALACTIC NUCLEI; DEEP FIELD AB We identify a population of 640 obscured and 839 unobscured AGNs at redshifts 0.7 < z <= 3 using multiwave-length observations of the 9 deg(2) NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) region in Bootes. We select AGNs on the basis of Spitzer IRAC colors obtained by the IRAC Shallow Survey. Redshifts are obtained from optical spectroscopy or photometric redshift estimators. We classify the IR-selected AGNs as IRAGN 1 (unobscured) and IRAGN 2 (obscured) using a simple criterion based on the observed optical to mid-IR color, with a selection boundary of R - [4.5] = 6.1, where R and [4.5] are the Vega magnitudes in the R and IRAC 4.5 mu m bands, respectively. We verify this selection using X-ray stacking analyses with data from the Chandra XBootes survey, as well as optical photometry from NDWFS and spectroscopy from MMT/AGES. We show that (1) these sources are indeed AGNs, and (2) the optical/IR color selection separates obscured sources (with average N-H similar to 3 x 10(22) cm(-2) obtained from X-ray hardness ratios, and optical colors and morphologies typical of galaxies) and unobscured sources (with no X-ray absorption, and quasar colors and morphologies), with a reliability of greater than or similar to 80%. The observed numbers of IRAGNs are comparable to predictions from previous X-ray, optical, and IR luminosity functions, for the given redshifts and IRAC flux limits. We observe a bimodal distribution in R - [4.5] color, suggesting that luminous IR-selected AGNs have either low or significant dust extinction, which may have implications for models of AGN obscuration. C1 [Hickox, R. C.; Jones, C.; Forman, W. R.; Murray, S. S.; Caldwell, N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brodwin, M.; Eisenhardt, P. R.; Stern, D.; Gorjian, V.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brodwin, M.; Jannuzi, B. T.; Brand, K.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Brown, M. J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Eisenstein, D.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brand, K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hickox, RC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rhickox@cfa.harvard.edu RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015; OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 99 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1365 EP 1387 DI 10.1086/523082 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600025 ER PT J AU Hickox, RC Markevitch, M AF Hickox, Ryan C. Markevitch, Maxim TI Can chandra resolve the remaining cosmic X-ray background? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies ID DEEP-FIELD-NORTH; GALAXIES; COUNTS AB The deepest extragalactic X-ray observation, the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field North (CDF-N), resolves similar to 80% of the total extragalactic cosmic X-ray background (CXB) in the 1-2 keV band. Recent work has shown that 70% of the remaining CXB flux is associated with sources detected by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This paper uses the existing CDF-N data to constrain the X-ray flux distribution of these X-ray-undetected HST sources by comparing the number of 0.5-2 keV X-ray counts at the HST positions to those expected for model flux distributions. In the simple case where all the undetected HST X-ray sources have the same 0.5-2 keV flux, the data are best fit by 1.5-3 counts per source in 2 Ms, compared to a detection limit (at 10% completeness) of 9 counts. Assuming a more realistic power-law log N-log S distribution [ N(> S) alpha S(-alpha)], the data favor a relatively steep flux distribution, with alpha = 1.1 +0.5 -0.3 (limits are 99% confidence). This slope is very similar to that previously found for faint normal and starburst galaxies in the CDF-N. These results suggest deeper Chandra observations will detect a new population of faint X-ray sources, but extremely deep exposures are needed to resolve the remainder of the soft CXB. In the most optimistic scenario, when the HST sources have the flattest allowed flux distribution and all the sources without HST counterparts are detected, observations 5 times more sensitive than the existing ones would resolve at most similar to 60% of the remaining soft CXB. C1 [Hickox, Ryan C.; Markevitch, Maxim] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hickox, RC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1523 EP 1530 DI 10.1086/522918 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600035 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Fazio, GG Huang, JS Yun, MS Wilson, GW Ashby, MLN Gurwell, MA Lai, K Peck, AB Petitpas, GR Wilner, DJ Iono, D Kohno, K Kawabe, R Hughes, DH Aretxaga, I Webb, T Martinez-Sansigre, A Kim, S Scott, KS Austermann, J Perera, T Lowenthal, JD Schinnerer, E Smolcic, V AF Younger, Joshua D. Fazio, Giovanni G. Huang, Jia-Sheng Yun, Min S. Wilson, Grant W. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Gurwell, Mark A. Lai, Kamson Peck, Alison B. Petitpas, Glen R. Wilner, David J. Iono, Daisuke Kohno, Kotaro Kawabe, Ryohei Hughes, David H. Aretxaga, Itziar Webb, Tracy Martinez-Sansigre, Alejo Kim, Sungeun Scott, Kimberly S. Austermann, Jason Perera, Thushara Lowenthal, James D. Schinnerer, Eva Smolcic, Vernesa TI Evidence for a population of high-redshift submillimeter galaxies from interferometric imaging SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; submillimeter ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT SEARCH; DEGREE EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; 14 HOUR FIELD; NUMBER COUNTS; MOLECULAR GAS; COSMOS FIELD; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS AB We have used the Submillimeter Array to image a flux-limited sample of seven submillimeter galaxies, selected by the AzTEC camera on the JCMT at 1.1 mm, in the COSMOS field at 890 mu m with similar to 2 '' resolution. All of the sources two radio-bright and five radio-dim-are detected as single point sources at high significance (> 6 sigma), with positions accurate to similar to 0.2 '' that enable counterpart identification at other wavelengths observed with similarly high angular resolution. All seven have IRAC counterparts, but only two have secure counterparts in deep HST ACS imaging. As compared to the two radio-bright sources in the sample, and those in previous studies, the five radio-dim sources in the sample (1) have systematically higher submillimeter-to-radio flux ratios, (2) have lower IRAC 3.6-8.0 mu m fluxes, and (3) are not detected at 24 mu m. These properties, combined with size constraints at 890 mu m (theta less than or similar to 1.2 ''), suggest that the radio-dim submillimeter galaxies represent a population of very dusty starbursts, with physical scales similar to local ultraluminous infrared galaxies, with an average redshift higher than radio-bright sources. C1 [Younger, Joshua D.; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Huang, Jia-Sheng; Ashby, Matthew L. N.; Gurwell, Mark A.; Lai, Kamson; Peck, Alison B.; Petitpas, Glen R.; Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yun, Min S.; Wilson, Grant W.; Scott, Kimberly S.; Austermann, Jason; Perera, Thushara] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Peck, Alison B.] Joint ALMA Off, Santiago 7550108, Chile. [Iono, Daisuke] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Kohno, Kotaro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Kawabe, Ryohei] Nobeyama Radio Observ, Nagano 3841805, Japan. [Hughes, David H.; Aretxaga, Itziar] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico. [Webb, Tracy] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Martinez-Sansigre, Alejo; Schinnerer, Eva; Smolcic, Vernesa] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kim, Sungeun] Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Lowenthal, James D.] Smith Coll, Clark Sci Ctr, Dept Astron, Northampton, MA 01060 USA. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jyounger@cfa.harvard.edu OI Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677 NR 82 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1531 EP 1537 DI 10.1086/522776 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600036 ER PT J AU Brown, WR Geller, MJ Kenyon, SJ Kurtz, MJ Bromley, BC AF Brown, Warren R. Geller, Margaret J. Kenyon, Scott J. Kurtz, Michael J. Bromley, Benjamin C. TI Hypervelocity stars. III. The space density and ejection history of main-sequence stars from the galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : stellar content; stars : early-type ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MILKY-WAY HALO; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; SDSS J090745.0+024507; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS; STELLAR ENVIRONMENT; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DWARF GALAXIES AB We report the discovery of three new unbound hypervelocity stars (HVSs), stars traveling with such extreme velocities that dynamical ejection from a massive black hole (MBH) is their only suggested origin. We also detect a population of possibly bound HVSs. The significant asymmetry we observe in the velocity distribution-we find 26 stars with v(rf) > 275 km s(-1) and one star with v(rf) < -275 km s(-1) -shows that HVSs must be short-lived, probably 3-4M(circle dot) main-sequence stars. Any population of hypervelocity post-main-sequence stars should contain stars falling back onto the Galaxy, contrary to the observations. The spatial distribution of HVSs also supports the main-sequence interpretation: longer lived 3M(circle dot) HVSs fill our survey volume; shorter lived 4M(circle dot) HVSs are missing at faint magnitudes. We infer that there are 96 +/- 10 HVSs of mass 3-4 M-circle dot within R < 100 kpc, possibly enough HVSs to constrain ejection mechanisms and potential models. Depending on the mass function of HVSs, we predict that SEGUE may find up to 5-15 new HVSs. The travel times of our HVSs favor a continuous ejection process, although a similar to 120 Myr old burst of HVSs is also allowed. C1 [Brown, Warren R.; Geller, Margaret J.; Kenyon, Scott J.; Kurtz, Michael J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bromley, Benjamin C.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu; mgeller@cfa.harvard.edu; skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; mkurtz@cfa.harvard.edu; bromley@physics.utah.edu RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 75 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1708 EP 1716 DI 10.1086/523642 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600048 ER PT J AU Lee, JE Di Francesco, J Bourke, TL Evans, NJ Wu, JW AF Lee, Jeong-Eun Di Francesco, James Bourke, Tyler L. Evans, Neal J., II Wu, Jingwen TI Molecular line observations of the small protostellar group L1251B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : individual (L1251B); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID MASS STAR-FORMATION; SPITZER C2D SURVEY; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; CLOUD CORES; DENSE CORES; FORMING REGIONS; DARK CLOUDS; COLLAPSE; INFALL; SUBMILLIMETER AB We present molecular line observations of L1251B, a small group of pre- and protostellar objects, and its immediate environment in the dense (CO)-O-18 core L1251E. These data are complementary to near-infrared, submillimeter, and millimeter continuum observations reported by Lee et al. The single-dish data of L1251B described here show very complex kinematics, including infall, rotation, and outflow motions, and the interferometer data reveal these in greater detail. Interferometer data of N2H+ 1-0 suggest a very rapidly rotating flattened envelope between two young stellar objects, IRS1 and IRS2. In addition, interferometer data of CO 2-1 resolve the outflow associated with L1251B seen in single-dish maps into a few narrow and compact components. Furthermore, the high-resolution data support recent theoretical studies of molecular depletions and enhancements that accompany the formation of protostars within dense cores. Beyond L1251B, single-dish data are also presented of a dense core located similar to 150 '' to the east that Lee et al. detected at 850 mu m, but that has no associated point sources at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. The relative brightness between molecules, which have different chemical timescales, suggests that it is less chemically evolved than L1251B. This core may be a site for future star formation, however, since line profiles of HCO+, CS, and HCN show asymmetry with a stronger blue peak, which is interpreted as an infall signature. C1 [Lee, Jeong-Eun] Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Lee, Jeong-Eun] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Di Francesco, James] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Bourke, Tyler L.; Wu, Jingwen] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Evans, Neal J., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lee, JE (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM jelee@astro.ucla.edu; james.difrancesco@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; tbourke@cfa.harvard.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; jingwen@astro.as.utexas RI Lee , Jeong-Eun/E-2387-2013 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1748 EP 1765 DI 10.1086/522684 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600052 ER PT J AU Hernandez, J Calvet, N Briceno, C Hartmann, L Vivas, AK Muzerolle, J Downes, J Allen, L Gutermuth, R AF Hernandez, Jesus Calvet, Nuria Briceno, C. Hartmann, L. Vivas, A. K. Muzerolle, J. Downes, J. Allen, L. Gutermuth, R. TI Spitzer observations of the Orion OB1 association: Disk census in the low-mass stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (Orion OB1 association) planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTER; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; BROWN DWARFS; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; MYR; POPULATION AB We present new Spitzer observations of two fields in the Orion OB1 association. We report IRAC/MIPS observations for 115 confirmed members and 41 photometric candidates of the similar to 10 Myr 25 Orionis aggregate in the OB1a subassociation, and 106 confirmed members and 65 photometric candidates of the 5 Myr region located in the OB1b subassociation. The 25 Orionis aggregate shows a disk frequency of 6%, while the field in the OB1b subassociation shows a disk frequency of 13%. Combining IRAC, MIPS, and 2MASS photometry, we place stars bearing disks in several classes: those with optically thick disks ( class II systems), with an inner transitional disks ( transitional disk candidates), and with "evolved disks''; the last exhibit smaller IRAC/MIPS excesses than class II systems. In all, we identify one transitional disk candidate in the 25 Orionis aggregate and three in the OB1b field; this represents similar to 10% of the disk-bearing stars, indicating that the transitional disk phase can be relatively fast. We find that the frequency of disks is a function of the stellar mass, suggesting a maximum around stars with spectral type M0. Comparing the infrared excess in the IRAC bands among several stellar groups, we find that inner disk emission decays with stellar age, showing a correlation with the respective disk frequencies. The disk emission at the IRAC and MIPS bands in several stellar groups indicates that disk dissipation takes place faster in the inner region of the disks. Comparison with models of irradiated accretion disks, computed with several degrees of settling, suggests that the decrease in the overall accretion rate observed in young stellar groups is not sufficient to explain the weak disk emission observed in the IRAC bands for disk-bearing stars with ages 5 Myr or older; larger degrees of dust settling are necessary to explain these objects. C1 [Hernandez, Jesus; Calvet, Nuria; Hartmann, L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hernandez, Jesus; Briceno, C.; Vivas, A. K.; Downes, J.] Ctr Invest Astron, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. [Muzerolle, J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Downes, J.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Escuela Fis, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela. [Allen, L.; Gutermuth, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hernandez, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 830 Dennison Bldg,500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 55 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1784 EP 1799 DI 10.1086/522882 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600054 ER PT J AU Andrews, SM Williams, JP AF Andrews, Sean M. Williams, Jonathan P. TI A submillimeter view of circumstellar dust disks in rho Ophiuchi SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; solar system : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI-STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; DARK CLOUD; ACCRETION DISKS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; GRAIN-GROWTH; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS AB We present new multiwavelength submillimeter continuum measurements of the circumstellar dust around 48 young stars in the rho Ophiuchi dark clouds. Supplemented with previous 1.3 mm observations of an additional 99 objects from the literature, the statistical distributions of disk masses and submillimeter colors are calculated and compared to those in the Taurus-Auriga region. These basic submillimeter properties of young stellar objects in both environments are shown to be essentially identical. As with their Taurus counterparts, the rho Oph circumstellar dust properties are shown to evolve along an empirical evolution sequence based on the infrared spectral energy distribution. The combined rho Oph and Taurus Class II samples (173 sources) are used to set benchmark values for basic outer disk characteristics: M-d similar to 0.005M(circle dot), M-d/M-* similar to 1%, and alpha similar to 2 (where F-nu proportional to nu(alpha) between 350 mu m and 1.3mm). The precision of these numbers is addressed in the context of substantial solid particle growth in the earliest stages of the planet formation process. There is some circumstantial evidence that disk masses inferred from submillimeter emission may be underestimated by up to an order of magnitude. C1 [Andrews, Sean M.; Williams, Jonathan P.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Andrews, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM andrews@ifa.hawaii.edu; jpw@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Williams, Jonathan/B-1643-2009 NR 92 TC 187 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1800 EP 1812 DI 10.1086/522885 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600055 ER PT J AU Muench, AA Lada, CJ Rathborne, JM Alves, JF Lombardi, M AF Muench, August A. Lada, Charles J. Rathborne, Jill M. Alves, Joao F. Lombardi, M. TI The nature of the dense core population in the Pipe nebula: Core and cloud kinematics from (CO)-O-18 observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : ISM; ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; INFALL MOTIONS; DARK CLOUD; CS 2-1; EXTINCTION; TAURUS; CATALOG; DUST; RING AB We present molecular line observations of 94 dark cloud cores identified in the Pipe nebula through near-IR extinction mapping. Using the Arizona Radio Observatory 12m telescope, we obtained spectra of these cores in the J = 1-0 transition of (CO)-O-18. We used the measured core parameters, T-R*, Delta(v), v(lsr,) radius, and mass, to explore the internal kinematics of the cores, as well as their radial motions through the larger molecular cloud. We find that the vast majority of the dark extinction cores are true cloud cores, rather than the superposition of unrelated filaments. While we identify no significant correlations between the cores' internal gas motions and their other physical parameters, we identify spatially correlated radial velocity variations that outline two main kinematic components of the cloud. The largest is a 15 pc long filament that is surprisingly narrow both in spatial dimensions and in radial velocity. Beginning in the "Stem'' of the Pipe, this filament displays uniformly small (CO)-O-18 line widths (Delta v similar to 0.4 km s(-1)), as well as core-to-core motions only slightly in excess of the gas sound speed. The second component outlines what appears to be part of a large (2 pc; 10(3)M(circle dot)) ringlike structure. Cores associated with this component display both larger line widths and core-to-core motions than cores in the main cloud. The Pipe molecular ring may represent a primordial structure related to the formation of this cloud. C1 [Muench, August A.; Lada, Charles J.; Rathborne, Jill M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alves, Joao F.] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, Almeria, Spain. [Lombardi, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lombardi, M.] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Muench, AA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,Mail Stop 72, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gmuench@cfa.harvard.edu NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1820 EP 1831 DI 10.1086/523265 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600057 ER PT J AU Broderick, AE Keto, E Lada, CJ Narayan, R AF Broderick, Avery E. Keto, Eric Lada, Charles J. Narayan, Ramesh TI Oscillating starless cores: Nonlinear regime SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM : clouds; ISM : globules; line : profiles; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : formation ID DARK CLOUD AB In a previous paper, we modeled the oscillations of a thermally supported (Bonnor-Ebert) sphere as nonradial, linear perturbations following a standard analysis developed for stellar pulsations. The predicted column density variations and molecular spectral line profiles are similar to those observed in the Bok globule B68, suggesting that the motions in some starless cores may be oscillating perturbations on a thermally supported equilibrium structure. However, the linear analysis is unable to address several questions, among them the stability and lifetime of the perturbations. In this paper, we simulate the oscillations using a three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic code. We find that the oscillations are damped predominantly by nonlinear mode coupling, and the damping timescale is typically many oscillation periods, corresponding to a few million years, and persisting over the inferred lifetime of globules. C1 [Broderick, Avery E.; Keto, Eric; Lada, Charles J.; Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Broderick, AE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM abroderick@cfa.harvard.edu; keto@cfa.harvard.edu; clada@cfa.harvard.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1832 EP 1838 DI 10.1086/523268 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600058 ER PT J AU Schnee, S Caselli, P Goodman, A Arce, HG Ballesteros-Paredes, J Kuchibhotla, K AF Schnee, S. Caselli, P. Goodman, A. Arce, H. G. Ballesteros-Paredes, J. Kuchibhotla, K. TI TMC-1C: An accreting starless core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; stars : formation; submillimeter ID COLLAPSING PRESTELLAR CORES; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; DENSE CORES; DARK CLOUDS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PROTOSTELLAR CORES; COLUMN DENSITIES; GAS; L1544 AB We have mapped the starless core TMC-1C in a variety of molecular lines with the IRAM 30 m telescope. High-density tracers show clear signs of self-absorption, and subsonic infall asymmetries are present in N2H+(1-0) and DCO+(2-1) lines. The inward velocity profile in N2H+(1-0) is extended over a region about 7000 AU in radius around the dust continuum peak, which is the most extended "infalling'' region observed in a starless core with this tracer. The kinetic temperature (similar to 12 K) measured from (CO)-O-17 and (CO)-O-18 suggests that their emission comes from a shell outside the colder interior traced by the millimeter continuum dust. The (CO)-O-18(2-1) excitation temperature drops from 12 to similar or equal to 10 K away from the center. This is consistent with a volume density drop of the gas traced by the C18O lines, from similar or equal to 4x10(4) cm(-3) toward the dust peak to similar or equal to 6x10(3) cm(-3) at a projected distance from the dust peak of 80 '' (or 11,000AU). The column density implied by the gas and dust show similar N2H+ and CO depletion factors (fD <= 6). This can be explained with a simple scenario in which: (1) the TMC-1C core is embedded in a relatively dense environment [n(H-2) similar or equal to 10(4) cm(-3)], where CO is mostly in the gas phase and the N2H+ abundance had time to reach equilibrium values; (2) the surrounding material (rich in CO and N2H+) is accreting onto the dense core nucleus; (3) TMC-1C is older than 3x10(5) yr, to account for the observed abundance of N2H+ across the core (similar or equal to 10(-10) with respect to H-2); and (4) the core nucleus is either much younger (similar or equal to 10(4) yr) or "undepleted'' material from the surrounding envelope has fallen toward it in the past 10,000 yr. C1 [Schnee, S.; Caselli, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schnee, S.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Caselli, P.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Arce, H. G.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Ballesteros-Paredes, J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Kuchibhotla, K.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Schnee, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM schnee@astro.caltech.edu RI Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010 OI Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477 NR 73 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1839 EP 1857 DI 10.1086/521577 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600059 ER PT J AU Reid, MJ Menten, KM AF Reid, M. J. Menten, K. M. TI Imaging the radio photospheres of mira variables SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; radio continuum : stars; stars : atmospheres ID SIO MASERS; INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; STARS; VLTI/VINCI; SHELL AB We have used the VLA at 43 GHz to image the radio continuum emission from o Ceti, R Leo, and W Hya and to precisely locate their SiO maser emission with respect to the star. The radio continuum emission region for all three stars has a diameter close to 5.6 AU. These diameters are similar to those measured at infrared wavelengths in bands containing strong molecular opacity and about twice those measured in line-free regions of the infrared spectrum. Thus, the radio photosphere and the infrared molecular layer appear to be coextensive. The 43 GHz continuum emission is consistent with temperatures near 1600 K and opacity from H- free-free interactions. While the continuum image of o Ceti appears nearly circular, both R Leo and W Hya display significant elongations. The SiO masers for all three stars show partial rings with diameters close to 8 AU. C1 [Reid, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Reid, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM reid@cfa.harvard.edu; kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 2068 EP 2073 DI 10.1086/523085 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600077 ER PT J AU Croll, B Matthews, JM Rowe, JF Gladman, B Miller-Ricci, E Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Kuschnig, R Lin, DNC Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Weiss, WW AF Croll, Bryce Matthews, Jaymie M. Rowe, Jason F. Gladman, Brett Miller-Ricci, Eliza Sasselov, Dimitar Walker, Gordon A. H. Kuschnig, Rainer Lin, Douglas N. C. Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rucinski, Slavek M. Weiss, Werner W. TI Looking for super-earths in the HD 189733 system: A search for transits in MOST1 space-based photometry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 189733); techniques : photometric ID GIANT PLANET MIGRATION; EXOPLANET HD 189733B; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; MASS PLANETS; CM DRACONIS; K-STAR; LIMIT; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PARAMETERS AB We have made a comprehensive transit search for exoplanets down to similar or equal to 1.5-2 Earth radii in the HD 189733 system, based on 21 days of nearly uninterrupted broadband optical photometry obtained with the MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of STars) satellite in 2006. We have searched these data for realistic limb-darkened transits from exoplanets other than the known hot Jupiter, HD 189733b, with periods ranging from about 0.4 days to 1 week. Monte Carlo statistical tests of the data with synthetic transits inserted into the data set allow us to rule out additional close-in exoplanets with sizes ranging from about 0.15-0.31 R-J (Jupiter radii), or 1.7-3.5 R-circle plus (Earth radii), on orbits whose planes are near that of HD 189733b. These null results constrain theories that invoke lower mass hot super-Earth and hot Neptune planets in orbits similar to HD 189733b, due to the inward migration of this hot Jupiter. This work also illustrates the feasibility of discovering smaller transiting planets around chromospherically active stars. C1 [Croll, Bryce] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Matthews, Jaymie M.; Rowe, Jason F.; Gladman, Brett; Kuschnig, Rainer] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Miller-Ricci, Eliza; Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lin, Douglas N. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Astron & Phys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Croll, B (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM croll@astro.utoronto.ca; matthews@phas.ubc.ca; rowe@phas.ubc.ca; gladman@phas.ubc.ca; emillerr@cfa.harvard.edu; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; gordonwa@uvic.ca; kuschnig@phas.ubc.ca; lin@ucolick.org; guenther@ap.stmarys.c; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; weiss@astro.univie.ac.at NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 2129 EP 2138 DI 10.1086/523096 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600082 ER PT J AU Kalkofen, W AF Kalkofen, Wolfgang TI Is the solar chromosphere heated by acoustic waves? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; shock waves; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : oscillations ID QUIET-SUN; OSCILLATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; NETWORK; CONVECTION; DYNAMICS; CA; COMPONENTS; EMISSION; MODELS AB Space observations with TRACE have measured only 10% of the energy flux required to heat the nonmagnetic part of the solar chromosphere and have thereby called into question the theory of chromospheric heating by acoustic waves. To explain the deficit in the measured flux, heating by processes related to the magnetic field and the limited spatial resolution of the space observations have been invoked. This paper argues that radiation emerging from the nonmagnetic chromosphere shows that the heating mechanism is dissipation of acoustic waves. The full energy flux required for acoustic heating of the chromosphere must therefore pass through the photosphere. The explanation of the missing flux by the limited spatial resolution of TRACE confirms the principle of the effect, but the test is preliminary since the hydrodynamic model on which the test is based has temperature fluctuations that far exceed those of the Sun. The shape of the acoustic spectrum observed with TRACE appears to support the theory of wave generation in the solar convection zone. But the low energy flux and the limited acoustic frequency range of the observations prevent a definitive conclusion. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kalkofen, W (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 2154 EP 2158 DI 10.1086/523259 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600084 ER PT J AU Bakos, GA Shporer, A Pal, A Torres, G Kovacs, G Latham, DW Mazeh, T Ofir, A Noyes, RW Sasselov, DD Bouchy, F Pont, F Queloz, D Udry, S Esquerdo, G Sipocz, B Kovacs, G Stefanik, R Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Bakos, G. A. Shporer, A. Pal, A. Torres, G. Kovacs, Geza Latham, D. W. Mazeh, T. Ofir, A. Noyes, R. W. Sasselov, D. D. Bouchy, F. Pont, F. Queloz, D. Udry, S. Esquerdo, G. Sipocz, B. Kovacs, Gabor Stefanik, R. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI HAT-P-5b: a jupiter-like hot jupiter transiting a bright star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 02634-01087, HAT-P-5) ID SURFACE GRAVITIES; GIANT PLANETS; LIGHT CURVES; STELLAR; ALGORITHM; SEARCH; TRES-2; SYSTEM AB We report the discovery of a planet transiting a moderately bright (V=12.00) G star, with an orbital period of 2.788491 +/- 0.000025 days. From the transit light curve we determine that the radius of the planet is R(P)=1.257 +/- 0.053 R(J). HAT-P-5b has a mass of M(P)=1.06 +/- 0.11 M(J), similar to the average mass of previously known transiting exoplanets, and a density of rho(P)=0.66 +/- 0.11 g cm(-3). We find that the center of transit is T(c)=2,454,241.77663 +/- 0.00022 days (HJD), and the total transit duration is 0.1217 +/- 0.0012 days. C1 [Bakos, G. A.; Pal, A.; Torres, G.; Latham, D. W.; Noyes, R. W.; Sasselov, D. D.; Esquerdo, G.; Sipocz, B.; Kovacs, Gabor; Stefanik, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, CFA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shporer, A.; Mazeh, T.; Ofir, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Pal, A.; Sipocz, B.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. [Kovacs, Geza] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary. [Bouchy, F.] Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Pont, F.; Queloz, D.; Udry, S.] Univ Geneva, Astron Observ, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Lazar, J.; Papp, I.; Sari, P.] Hungarian Astronom Assoc, H-1461 Budapest, Hungary. RP Bakos, GA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, CFA, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L173 EP L176 DI 10.1086/525022 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700022 ER PT J AU Evans, A Woodward, CE Helton, LA van Loon, JT Barry, RK Bode, MF Davis, RJ Drake, JJ Eyres, SPS Geballe, TR Gehrz, RD Kerr, T Krautter, J Lynch, DK Ness, JU O'Brien, TJ Osborne, JP Page, KL Rudy, RJ Russell, RW Schwarz, G Starrfield, S Tyne, VH AF Evans, A. Woodward, C. E. Helton, L. A. van Loon, J. Th. Barry, R. K. Bode, M. F. Davis, R. J. Drake, J. J. Eyres, S. P. S. Geballe, T. R. Gehrz, R. D. Kerr, T. Krautter, J. Lynch, D. K. Ness, J. -U. O'Brien, T. J. Osborne, J. P. Page, K. L. Rudy, R. J. Russell, R. W. Schwarz, G. Starrfield, S. Tyne, V. H. TI Silicate dust in the environment of RS Ophiuchi following the 2006 eruption SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : symbiotic; infrared : stars; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (RS Oph) ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SYMBIOTIC STARS; SHOCK-WAVE; OUTBURST; EMISSION; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; NOVAE; PHASE AB We present further Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, obtained over the period 208 - 430 days after the 2006 eruption. The later Spitzer IRS data show that the line emission and free-free continuum emission reported earlier is declining, revealing incontrovertible evidence for the presence of silicate emission features at 9.7 and 18 mm. We conclude that the silicate dust survives the hard radiation impulse and shock blast wave from the eruption. The existence of the extant dust may have significant implications for understanding the propagation of shocks through the red giant wind and likely wind geometry. C1 [Evans, A.; van Loon, J. Th.; Tyne, V. H.] Univ Keele, Lennard Jones Lab, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Woodward, C. E.; Helton, L. A.; Gehrz, R. D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Barry, R. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bode, M. F.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Davis, R. J.; O'Brien, T. J.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Drake, J. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, CFA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Eyres, S. P. S.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Geballe, T. R.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kerr, T.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Krautter, J.] Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Lynch, D. K.; Rudy, R. J.; Russell, R. W.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Ness, J. -U.; Starrfield, S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Osborne, J. P.; Page, K. L.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Schwarz, G.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Evans, A (reprint author), Univ Keele, Lennard Jones Lab, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. EM ae@astro.keele.ac.uk; chelsea@astro.umn.edu; ahelton@astro.umn.edu; jacco@astro.keele.ac.uk; richard.k.barry@nasa.gov; mfb@astro.livjm.ac.uk; rjd@jb.man.ac.uk; gehrz@astro.umn.edu; vht@astro.keele.ac.uk NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L157 EP L160 DI 10.1086/524944 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700018 ER PT J AU Gu, QS Huang, JS Wilson, G Fazio, GG AF Gu, Q. -S. Huang, J. -S. Wilson, G. Fazio, G. G. TI Direct evidence from Spitzer for a low-luminosity AGN at the center of the elliptical galaxy NGC 315 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : individual (NGC 315); galaxies : nuclei; infrared : galaxies ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-GALAXIES; HOST GALAXIES; SAGITTARIUS-A; BLACK-HOLES; CHANDRA; SEARCH; PARSEC AB We present Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) observations of the elliptical galaxy NGC 315. After removal of the host galaxy's stellar emission, we detected for the first time an infrared-red nucleus in NGC 315. We measured the spectral energy distribution ( SED) for this active nucleus with a wavelength range from radio to X-ray, and obtained a bolometric luminosity of, L-bol approximate to 1.9x10(43) ergs s(-1), corresponding to an extremely low Eddington ratio of L/L-Edd of 4.97 x 10(-4). Our results confirm that the physical nature of the nucleus of NGC 315 is a low- luminosity AGN, consistent with recent optical and Chandra X-ray observations. C1 [Gu, Q. -S.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Gu, Q. -S.; Huang, J. -S.; Fazio, G. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, G.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gu, QS (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM qsgu@nju.edu.cn NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L105 EP L108 DI 10.1086/525018 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700005 ER PT J AU Hines, DC Schneider, G Hollenbach, D Mamajek, EE Hillenbrand, LA Metchev, SA Meyer, MR Carpenter, JM Moro-Martin, A Silverstone, MD Kim, JS Henning, T Bouwman, J Wolf, S AF Hines, Dean C. Schneider, Glenn Hollenbach, David Mamajek, Eric E. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Metchev, Stanimir A. Meyer, Michael R. Carpenter, John M. Moro-Martin, Amaya Silverstone, Murray D. Kim, Jinyoung Serena Henning, Thomas Bouwman, Jeroen Wolf, Sebastian TI The moth: an unusual circumstellar structure associated with HD 61005 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (HD 61005) ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; SUN-LIKE STARS; PLANETARY SYSTEMS FEPS; DEBRIS DISKS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; YOUNG STARS; EVOLUTION; DUST; DISCOVERY; SPITZER AB We present the discovery of an unusual spatially resolved circumstellar structure associated with the approximate to 90 Myr, nearby, G dwarf star HD 61005. Observations from the FEPS Spitzer Legacy Science survey reveal thermal emission in excess of expected stellar photospheric levels. Follow-up 0.1 '' resolution HST NICMOS coronagraphic images reveal scattered starlight <= 7 '' (similar to 240 AU) from the occulted star (1.1 mu m flux density = 18 +/- 3.3 mJy; and 0.77%+/- 0.16% starlight). The extremely high near-IR scattering fraction and IR excess luminosity f=L-IR/L-* approximate to 2x10(-3) suggests scattering particle sizes of order a <= 1.1 mu m/2 pi similar to 0.2 mu m comparable to the blowout size (a approximate to 0.3 mu m) due to radiation a pressure from the star. Dust-scattered starlight is traced inward to an instrumental limit of similar to 10 AU. The structure exhibits a strong asymmetry about its morphological major axis but is mirror-symmetric about its minor axis. C1 [Hines, Dean C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Schneider, Glenn; Meyer, Michael R.; Kim, Jinyoung Serena] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hollenbach, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Mamajek, Eric E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Carpenter, John M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Metchev, Stanimir A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Moro-Martin, Amaya] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Silverstone, Murray D.] Eureka Sci, Cary, NC USA. [Henning, Thomas; Bouwman, Jeroen; Wolf, Sebastian] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Hines, DC (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L165 EP L168 DI 10.1086/525016 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700020 ER PT J AU Jordan, A Sivakoff, GR McLaughlin, DE Blakeslee, JP Evans, DA Kraft, RP Hardcastle, MJ Peng, EW Cote, P Croston, JH Juett, AM Minniti, D Raychaudhury, S Sarazin, CL Worrall, DM Harris, WE Woodley, KA Birkinshaw, M Brassington, NJ Forman, WR Jones, C Murray, SS AF Jordan, Andres Sivakoff, Gregory R. McLaughlin, Dean E. Blakeslee, John P. Evans, Daniel A. Kraft, Ralph P. Hardcastle, Martin J. Peng, Eric W. Cote, Patrick Croston, Judith H. Juett, Adrienne M. Minniti, Dante Raychaudhury, Somak Sarazin, Craig L. Worrall, Diana M. Harris, William E. Woodley, Kristin A. Birkinshaw, Mark Brassington, Nicola J. Forman, William R. Jones, Christine Murray, Stephen S. TI Low-mass X-ray binaries and globular clusters in centaurus A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; globular clusters : general; X-rays : binaries ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; NGC 5128; NGC-5128; CHANDRA; POPULATION; DISTANCE; SYSTEMS AB We present results of Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations of globular clusters (GCs) and low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the central regions of Centaurus A. Out of 440 GC candidates, we find 41 host X-ray point sources that are most likely LMXBs. We fit King models to our GC candidates in order to measure their structural parameters. We find that GCs that host LMXBs are denser and more compact and have higher encounter rates and concentrations than the GC population as a whole. We show that the higher concentrations and masses are a consequence of the dependence of LMXB incidence on central density and size plus the general trend for denser GCs to have higher masses and concentrations. We conclude that neither concentration nor mass is a fundamental variable in determining the presence of LMXBs in GCs and that the more fundamental parameters relate to central density and size. C1 [Jordan, Andres; Evans, Daniel A.; Kraft, Ralph P.; Raychaudhury, Somak; Worrall, Diana M.; Birkinshaw, Mark; Brassington, Nicola J.; Forman, William R.; Jones, Christine; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jordan, Andres; Minniti, Dante] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Sivakoff, Gregory R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McLaughlin, Dean E.] Univ Keele, Sch Phys & Geograph Sci, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Blakeslee, John P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Hardcastle, Martin J.; Croston, Judith H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Peng, Eric W.; Cote, Patrick] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Juett, Adrienne M.; Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Raychaudhury, Somak] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Worrall, Diana M.; Birkinshaw, Mark] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Harris, William E.; Woodley, Kristin A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Jordan, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ajordan@cfa.harvard.edu; sivakoff@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; dem@astro.keele.ac.uk; jblakes@wsu.edu; devans@cfa.harvard.edu; rkraft@cfa.harvard.edu; m.j.hardcastle@herts.ac.uk; eric.peng@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; patrick.cote@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; j.h.croston@herts.ac.uk; juett@virginia.edu; dante@astro.puc.cl; somak@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; sarazin@virginia.edu; diana.worrall@bristol.ac.uk; harris@physics.mcmaster.edu; woodleyka@physics.mcmaster.edu; mark.birkinshaw@bristol.ac.uk; wforman@cfa.harvard.edu; cjones@cfa.harvard.edu; ssm@cfa.harvard.edu RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X; Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/525524 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700008 ER PT J AU Kovalenko, LJ Livesey, NL Salawitch, RJ Camy-Peyret, C Chipperfield, MP Cofield, RE Dorf, M Drouin, BJ Froidevaux, L Fuller, RA Goutail, F Jarnot, RF Jucks, K Knosp, BW Lambert, A MacKenzie, IA Pfeilsticker, K Pommereau, JP Read, WG Santee, ML Schwartz, MJ Snyder, WV Stachnik, R Stek, PC Wagner, PA Waters, JW AF Kovalenko, L. J. Livesey, N. L. Salawitch, R. J. Camy-Peyret, C. Chipperfield, M. P. Cofield, R. E. Dorf, M. Drouin, B. J. Froidevaux, L. Fuller, R. A. Goutail, F. Jarnot, R. F. Jucks, K. Knosp, B. W. Lambert, A. MacKenzie, I. A. Pfeilsticker, K. Pommereau, J. -P. Read, W. G. Santee, M. L. Schwartz, M. J. Snyder, W. V. Stachnik, R. Stek, P. C. Wagner, P. A. Waters, J. W. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder BrO observations in the stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BROMINE BUDGET; OZONE; RETRIEVAL; MODEL; MLS AB Validation of stratospheric BrO vertical profiles obtained by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite is discussed. MLS BrO measurements are compared with expectations of its latitudinal and seasonal dependence, as well as with more localized balloon-borne measurements of BrO. We describe the expected precision and systematic errors of the version 2.2 retrieval and show that scientific studies using MLS BrO vertical profiles require extensive averaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio to useful values. A monthly zonal mean over a 10 degrees latitude bin ( about 3,000 individual profiles) results in a precision of approximately +/- 4 ppt (similar to 25% of a typical daytime signal). Moreover, it is necessary to take day/night differences to remove large biases. The pressure range over which the data are considered useful is 10 to 3.2 hPa. Over this range, the estimated accuracy in the day/night difference is about +/- 20%. The vertical resolution is 5.5 km for 10 to 3.2 hPa. Day/night differences are a good measure of daytime BrO from 10 to 4.6 hPa; for 3.2 hPa the nonnegligible nighttime BrO needs to be accounted for. We infer total inorganic bromine (Br-y) to be 22.1 +/- 5.5 ppt on the basis of analysis of MLS measurements of BrO, which implies a contribution of 6.5 +/- 5.5 ppt to stratospheric bromine from sources other than long-lived CH3Br and halons. C1 [Kovalenko, L. J.; Livesey, N. L.; Salawitch, R. J.; Cofield, R. E.; Drouin, B. J.; Froidevaux, L.; Fuller, R. A.; Jarnot, R. F.; Knosp, B. W.; Lambert, A.; Read, W. G.; Santee, M. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Snyder, W. V.; Stachnik, R.; Stek, P. C.; Wagner, P. A.; Waters, J. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Camy-Peyret, C.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, Paris, France. [Chipperfield, M. P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Dorf, M.; Pfeilsticker, K.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Goutail, F.; Pommereau, J. -P.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Jucks, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Kovalenko, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S41 DI 10.1029/2007JD008817 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 244PS UT WOS:000251878400007 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI A new subspecies of Sporophila angolensis (Aves : Emberizidae) from Isla de Coiba and other additions to the avifauna of the Veragua Archipelago, Panama SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB New information is presented concerning the systematics and biogeography of the islands of the Pacific coast of western Panama. Sporophila angolensis fractor, new subspecies, characterized by a larger bill than S. a. ochrogyne, is described from Isla de Coiba, Panama. Recent doubt cast on the validity of the Coiba endemic subspecies Polioptila plumbea cinericia is unfounded. The first specimen records are given for Islas Secas and Isla Jicaron, including a specimen of Contopus cinereus from the latter that is referable to the Coiba subspecies C c. aithalodes. Tyrannus melancholicus and Elaenia flavogaster are added to the avifauna of Isla Brincanco. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Birds, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[377:ANSOSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 246KU UT WOS:000252006700002 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Banks, RC AF Olson, Storrs L. Banks, Richard C. TI Lectotypification of Larus smithsonianus Coues, 1862 (Aves : laridae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID WHITE-HEADED GULLS AB The gull Larus smithsonianus Coues, 1862 was based on specimens in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, but no type material has been identified and the type locality was never restricted beyond the eastern and western coasts of North America. We here designate USNM 18216 as lectotype, and the restricted type locality thus becomes Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle Isle, Newfoundland Labrador, Canada. It is proposed that Larus smithsonianus be treated as specifically distinct from the Old World Herring Gull Larus argentatus and take the English name Smithsonian Gull. C1 [Olson, Storrs L.; Banks, Richard C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP 382 EP 386 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[382:LOLSCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 246KU UT WOS:000252006700003 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Foster, GA AF Mathis, Wayne N. Foster, George A. TI Canacidae (Diptera) from the Delmarva States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID TETHINIDAE DIPTERA; FLIES; GENUS; ZALEINAE; FAMILY AB Species of Canacidae sensu lato, including the subfamilies Canacinae, Pelomyiinae, and Tethininae, from the Delmarva states are revised. Included are nine species in six genera. Taxonomic categories from family to species are diagnosed and appropriate synonymy, illustrations, maps, and information on the natural history are provided for each species. A lectotype is designated for Rhicnoessa parvula Loew. Anthomyza cinerea Williston, 1896 and Rhienoessa bermudaensis Melander, 1952 are determined to be conspecific with Rhicnoessa ivillistoni Melander, 1913 with the latter being the senior synonym. C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.; Foster, George A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu; foster@alpha-mos.com NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP 387 EP 428 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[387:CDFTDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 42 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 246KU UT WOS:000252006700004 ER PT J AU Kensley, B Schotte, M Poore, GCB AF Kensley, Brian Schotte, Marilyn Poore, Gary C. B. TI New species and records of valviferan isopods (Crustacea : Isopoda : Valvifera) from the Indian Ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID PERACARIDA AB Four new species of valviferans are described: Arcturinoides angulata, Astacilla mccaini and Astacilla spinicutis (family Arcturidae), and Neoarcturus obesopleon (family Holidoteidae). Amesopous richardsonae (Arcturidae) is redescribed and reported from widely separate localities throughout the Indian Ocean, tropical Australia and Japan. C1 [Kensley, Brian; Schotte, Marilyn] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Poore, Gary C. B.] Victoria & Albert Museum, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Schotte, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM schottem@si.edu; gpoore@museum.vic.gov.au NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP 429 EP 445 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[429:NSAROV]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 246KU UT WOS:000252006700005 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Burles, S AF Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott TI An integral-field spectroscopic strong lens survey SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEMINI MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACS SURVEY; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; COSMIC MICROSCOPE; LINE REGION; GALAXIES; CONSTRUCTION; EMISSION AB We present the observational results of a survey for strong gravitational lens systems consisting of extended emission-line galaxies lensed by intervening early-type galaxies, conducted using integral field units (IFUs) of the Magellan IMACS and Gemini GMOS-N spectrographs. These data are highly valuable for corroborating the lensing interpretation of Hubble Space Telescope imaging data. We show that in many cases, ground-based IFU spectroscopy is in fact competitive with space-based imaging for the measurement of the mass model parameters of the lensing galaxy. We demonstrate a novel technique of three-dimensional gravitational lens modeling for a single lens system with a resolved lensed rotation curve. We also describe the details of our custom IFU data analysis software, which performs optimal multi-fiber extraction, relative and absolute wavelength calibration to a few hundredths of a pixel RMS and nearly Poisson-limited sky subtraction. C1 [Bolton, Adam S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bolton, AS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM abolton@cfa.harvard.edu; burles@mit.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 9 AR 443 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/9/12/443 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 248DC UT WOS:000252130700003 ER PT J AU Suarez-Morales, E AF Suarez-Morales, Eduardo TI Historical record and supplementary description of Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott) (Copepoda : Monstrilloida) from the "Albatross" cruise in the Philippines SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE invertebrate taxonomy; marine zooplankton; crustaceans; copepods; protelean parasites AB A male monstrilloid copepod of the genus Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888, collected in 1908 by the U. S. Fisheries Steamer "Albatross" off Mindanao, Philippines, and deposited in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History, was originally identified and labeled as Monstrilla leucopsis (sic) Sars, 1921 by C. B. Wilson. Reexamination of this historical sample revealed that the specimen is in fact assignable to Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), described from specimens collected in 1899 in the Moluccan Sea during the Dutch "Siboga" Expedition. My earlier redescription of this species, based on the incomplete, damaged specimens of the type lot, lacked taxonomically relevant details and is supplemented herein. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters including the body proportions, armature of the antennules, presence of an anterior rostral protuberance, and structure of the genital lappets. New characters for distinguishing males of Cymbasoma species are evaluated. A relatively recent (1981) record of C. bullatum in Japan was evaluated in the light of these new data. Several differences in, e. g., antennulary armature, proportions of fifth pedigerous and anal somites, and morphology of the genital lappets, suggest that the Japanese specimens represent an undescribed taxon. C1 [Suarez-Morales, Eduardo] ECOSUR Chetumal, Quintana Roo 77000, Mexico. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Suarez-Morales, E (reprint author), ECOSUR Chetumal, AP 424 Chetumal, Quintana Roo 77000, Mexico. EM esuarez@ecosur-qroo.mx NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 17 PY 2007 IS 1662 BP 25 EP 33 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 241FS UT WOS:000251642900003 ER PT J AU Inada, A Richardson, MI McConnochie, TH Strausberg, MJ Wang, HQ Bell, JF AF Inada, Ai Richardson, Mark I. McConnochie, Timothy H. Strausberg, Melissa J. Wang, Huiqun Bell, James F., III TI High-resolution atmospheric observations by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, atmosphere; Mars, polar caps ID CO2 ICE CLOUDS; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; ORBITER CAMERA; POLAR-CAP; SURFACE; DUST; WINDS; MISSION; THEMIS; STORM AB High-resolution observations of atmospheric phenomena by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) during its first mapping year are presented. An atmospheric campaign was implemented on the basis of previous spacecraft imaging. This campaign, however, proved of limited success. This appears to be due to the late local time of the Odyssey orbit (the locations of activity at 4-6 p.m. appear to be different from those at 2 p.m.). Ironically, images targeting the surface were more useful for study of the atmosphere than those images specifically targeting atmospheric features. While many previously recognized features were found, novel THEMIS observations included persistent clouds in the southern polar layered deposits, dust or condensate plumes on the northern polar layered deposits, dust plumes as constituent parts of local dust storms, and mesospheric clouds. The former two features tend to be aligned parallel and normal to polar troughs, respectively, suggesting a wind system directed normal to troughs and radially outward from the center of the polar deposits. This is consistent with katabatic drainage of air off the polar deposits, analogous to flow off Antarctica. The observation of dust lifting plumes at unprecedented resolution associated with local dust storms not only demonstrates the importance of mean wind stresses (as opposed to dust devils) in initiation of dust storms, but is also seen to be morphologically identical to dust lifting in terrestrial dust storms. As Odyssey moves to earlier local times, we suggest that the atmospheric campaign from the first mapping year be repeated. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Inada, Ai; Richardson, Mark I.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McConnochie, Timothy H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strausberg, Melissa J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wang, Huiqun] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bell, James F., III] Cornell Univ, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Inada, A (reprint author), CALTECH, MS 150-21,1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM inada@gps.caltech.edu NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 192 IS 2 BP 378 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.020 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244EU UT WOS:000251850000006 ER PT J AU Rivkin, AS Trilling, DE Thomas, CA Demeo, F Spahr, TB Binzel, RP AF Rivkin, Andrew S. Trilling, David E. Thomas, Cristina A. DeMeo, Francesca Spahr, Timothy B. Binzel, Richard P. TI Composition of the L5 Mars Trojans: Neighbors, not siblings SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; asteroids, composition; Trojan asteroids ID REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; ASTEROIDS; TEMPERATURE; CHONDRITES; PHOTOMETRY; ANGRITES; DORBIGNY AB Mars is the only terrestrial planet known to have Trojan (co-orbiting) asteroids, with a confirmed population of at least 4 objects. The origin of these objects is not known; while several have orbits that are stable on Solar System timescales, work by Rivkin et al. [Rivkin, A.S., Binzel, R.P., Howell, E.S., Bus, S.J., Grier, J.A., 2003. Icarus 165, 349-354] showed they have compositions that suggest separate origins from one another. We have obtained infrared (0.8-2.5 mu m) spectroscopy of the two largest L5 Mars Trojans, and confirm and extend the results of Rivkin et al. We suggest that the differentiated angrite meteorites are good spectral analogs for 5261 Eureka, the largest Mars Trojan. Meteorite analogs for 10 1429 1998 VF31 are more varied and include primitive achondrites and mesosiderites. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rivkin, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Trilling, David E.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Thomas, Cristina A.; DeMeo, Francesca; Binzel, Richard P.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Spahr, Timothy B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rivkin, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM andy.rivkin@jhuapl.edu RI Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016; OI Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976; Thomas, Cristina/0000-0003-3091-5757 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 192 IS 2 BP 434 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.026 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244EU UT WOS:000251850000010 ER PT J AU Trilling, DE Rivkin, AS Stansberry, JA Spahr, TB Crudo, RA Davies, JK AF Trilling, David E. Rivkin, Andrew S. Stansberry, John A. Spahr, Timothy B. Crudo, Richard A. Davies, John K. TI Albedos and diameters of three Mars Trojan asteroids SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Trojan asteroids; infrared observations; regoliths ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; DEEP ECLIPTIC SURVEY; THERMAL-MODEL; CENTAURS; POPULATION; MAGNITUDES; SEARCH; IMAGER AB We observed the Mars Trojan Asteroids (5261) Eureka and (101429) 1998 VF(31) and the candidate Mars Trojan 2001 FR(127) at 11.2 and 18.1 microns using Michelle on the Gemini North telescope. We derive diameters of 1.28, 0.78, and < 0.52 km, respectively, with corresponding geometric visible albedos of 0.39, 0.32, and > 0.14. The albedos for Eureka and 1998 VF31 are consistent with the taxonomic classes and compositions (S(I)/angritic and S(VII)/achondritic, respectively) and implied histories presented in a companion paper by Rivkin et al. Eureka's surface likely has a relatively high thermal inertia, implying a thin regolith that is consistent with predictions and the small size that we derive. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Trilling, David E.; Rivkin, Andrew S.; Stansberry, John A.; Crudo, Richard A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rivkin, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Spahr, Timothy B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Davies, John K.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Trilling, DE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM trilling@as.arizona.edu RI Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016 OI Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 192 IS 2 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.002 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244EU UT WOS:000251850000011 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI Laboratory detection of the elusive HSCO+ isomer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTONATED CARBONYL SULFIDE; ROTATIONAL SPECTRA; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; IONS; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; AFFINITIES; CH3CNH+ AB The rotational spectrum of protonated carbonyl sulfide, HSCO+, has now been detected in the centimeter-wave band in a molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined from transitions in the K-a=0 ladder of the normal isotopic species, and DSCO+ and (HSCO+)-S-34. HSCO+ is systematically more abundant by a factor of three than HOCS+, the isomer obtained by attaching the H+ to the other end of the molecule, which ab initio calculations long predicted to be higher in energy by 4-5 kcal/mol. Because HSCO+ is comparable in polarity to HOCS+ and is apparently more stable and because OCS is widely distributed in astronomical sources, HSCO+ is a good candidate for detection with radio telescopes. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu OI McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 22 AR 221104 DI 10.1063/1.2822042 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 241TO UT WOS:000251678900004 PM 18081381 ER PT J AU Battat, JBR Chandler, JF Stubbs, CW AF Battat, James B. R. Chandler, John F. Stubbs, Christopher W. TI Testing for Lorentz violation: Constraints on standard-model-extension parameters via lunar laser ranging SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRING THEORY; GRAVITY AB We present constraints on violations of Lorentz invariance based on archival lunar laser-ranging (LLR) data. LLR measures the Earth-Moon separation by timing the round-trip travel of light between the two bodies and is currently accurate to the equivalent of a few centimeters (parts in 10(11) of the total distance). By analyzing this LLR data under the standard-model extension (SME) framework, we derived six observational constraints on dimensionless SME parameters that describe potential Lorentz violation. We found no evidence for Lorentz violation at the 10(-6) to 10(-11) level in these parameters. This work constitutes the first LLR constraints on SME parameters. C1 [Battat, James B. R.; Chandler, John F.; Stubbs, Christopher W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Battat, JBR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 18 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 241103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.241103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300013 PM 18233436 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Switch to corn promotes Amazon deforestation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; ENVIRONMENT C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 11 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5857 BP 1721 EP 1721 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240VR UT WOS:000251616800013 PM 18079382 ER PT J AU Hoegh-Guldberg, O Mumby, PJ Hooten, AJ Steneck, RS Greenfield, P Gomez, E Harvell, CD Sale, PF Edwards, AJ Caldeira, K Knowlton, N Eakin, CM Iglesias-Prieto, R Muthiga, N Bradbury, RH Dubi, A Hatziolos, ME AF Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Mumby, P. J. Hooten, A. J. Steneck, R. S. Greenfield, P. Gomez, E. Harvell, C. D. Sale, P. F. Edwards, A. J. Caldeira, K. Knowlton, N. Eakin, C. M. Iglesias-Prieto, R. Muthiga, N. Bradbury, R. H. Dubi, A. Hatziolos, M. E. TI Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLACIAL CYCLES; MARINE; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCES; RECRUITMENT; THRESHOLDS; RESILIENCE; INTENSITY AB Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2 degrees C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs increasingly toward the tipping point for functional collapse. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef- associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people. As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled- up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral- dominated ecosystems is to be avoided. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. AJH Environm Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ Queensland, The Chancellery, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. United Nations Univ, Int Network Water Environm & Hlth, Hamilton, ON L8N 1E9, Canada. Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Puerto Morelos, Cancun 77500, QR, Mexico. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Resource Management Asia Pacific Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Dar Es Salaam, Inst Marine Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. World Bank, Dept Environm, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Hoegh-Guldberg, O (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM oveh@uq.edu.au RI Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto/E-4921-2011; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Sale, Patrizio /K-8757-2016; OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Sale, Patrizio /0000-0002-4850-3673; Dubi, Alfonse/0000-0002-7003-3591 NR 52 TC 1866 Z9 1917 U1 733 U2 4310 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5857 BP 1737 EP 1742 DI 10.1126/science.1152509 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240VR UT WOS:000251616800029 PM 18079392 ER PT J AU Edmiston, JF Mathis, WN AF Edmiston, James F. Mathis, Wayne N. TI New Zealand species of the shore-fly genus Nostima Coquillett (Diptera : Ephydridae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Ephydridae; Nostima; new species; key; New Zealand ID BIOLOGY AB The shore-fly genus Nostima Coquillett is first reported from New Zealand in a revision of the three species now known to occur there. Species included are: Nostima kiwistriata sp. n., N. negramaculata sp. n. and N. duoseta Cresson. The latter species was first described from Australian specimens and is here reported to occur widely in New Zealand. Detailed locality data from New Zealand are provided for each species. The phylogenetic relationships between the New Zealand species and species from other geographical regions are presented. A key to the species of Nostima occurring in New Zealand is presented. C1 [Edmiston, James F.] Franciscan Fdn Russia & Kazakhstan, St Petersburg, Russia. [Mathis, Wayne N.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Edmiston, JF (reprint author), Franciscan Fdn Russia & Kazakhstan, St Petersburg, Russia. EM edmisja@att.net; mathisw@si.edu NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 14 PY 2007 IS 1661 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 240YF UT WOS:000251623400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Dalgarno, A AF Zhang, Peng Dalgarno, Alexander TI Static dipole polarizability of ytterbium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-KROLL TRANSFORMATION; LOW-LYING LEVELS; BASIS-SETS; ELECTRON-CORRELATION; ATOMIC YTTERBIUM; RESPONSE THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; METAL ATOMS; LIFETIMES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB The static dipole polarizability of the ground state ytterbium atom is calculated using full and approximate relativistic ab initio methods. Our recommended polarizability of 143 au. is consistent with experimental atomic spectral data. The corresponding van der Waals coefficient C-6 of Yb-2, derived using Pade approximants, is 2062 (200) an. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 12471 EP 12476 DI 10.1021/jp0750856 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 239KU UT WOS:000251518000041 PM 17915845 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI Synopsis of the eastern north American species of the plant bug genus Parthenicus, with descriptions of three new species and a revised key (Heteroptera : Miridae : Orthotylinae) SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article ID ANNOTATED LIST; UNITED-STATES; HEMIPTERA AB Three new species of the orthotyline genus Parthenicus Reuter are described and the seven previously known species of eastern North America are diagnosed. Parthenicus cruentus, n.sp. is described from Nebraska, P. sedumicola, n.sp. from Arkansas, and P. wheeleri, n.sp. from Oklahoma and Texas. A lectotype from Texas is designated and male genitalia are illustrated for P. psalliodes Reuter, the type species of the genus. Also provided are selected scanning electron photomicrographs and illustrations of the male genitalia for new species, a color habitus illustration for P. sedumicola, and for all species a color dorsal habitus photograph, hosts, and distribution information. A revised identification key to the 10 eastern species is given to help distinguish species. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Musuem Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Musuem Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MPC 0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.bare.usda.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 IS 3593 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3593[1:SOTENA]2.0.CO;2 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA 242SV UT WOS:000251747200001 ER PT J AU Purdy, RW Francis, MP AF Purdy, Robert W. Francis, Malcolm P. TI Ontogenetic development of teeth in Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1758) (Chondrichthyes : Lamnidae) and its implications for the study of fossil shark teeth SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITSUKURINA-OWSTONI LAMNIFORMES; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; PORBEAGLE SHARK; SHORTFIN MAKO; GOBLIN SHARK; ELASMOBRANCHII; RAFINESQUE; OCEAN AB Tooth development is traced in dentitions from 169 embryonic Lanina nasits (96-670 mm fork length [FL]), and 8 juvenile to adult L. nasits (67-300 cm FL). The teeth of these dentitions vary significantly in the attitudes and shapes of their crowns, and the forms of their roots. At some stages of their ontogeny they bear characters of carcha-rhiniform and alopiid shark teeth. and they may also bear ornamentation on their crowns. In early embryos, the teeth are conical with funnel-shaped roots and resemble skate dermal thorns, Raja spp. Tooth shape changes abruptly at about 350 mm FL to a late embryonic dentition, with very elongate lower anterior teeth, as in Pseudocarcharias. Adult teeth also exhibit significant morphological variation, and exhibit some characters that occur also in primitive neoselachians, such as Synechodus and Paraorthacodus. The importance of these tooth ontogenetic and morphological variations for the study of fossil shark teeth is presented, and a generic diagnosis is offered for juvenile and adult Lanina teeth. C1 [Purdy, Robert W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Francis, Malcolm P.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Purdy, RW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM purdyr@si.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 798 EP 810 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[798:ODOTIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 271JX UT WOS:000253785800002 ER PT J AU Smith, NA Olson, SL Clarke, JA AF Smith, N. Adam Olson, Storrs L. Clarke, Julia A. TI First Atlantic record of the puffin Cerorhinca (Aves, Alcidae) from the Pliocene of North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Smith, N. Adam; Clarke, Julia A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Clarke, Julia A.] N Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. RP Smith, NA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM adam_smith@ncsu.edu; olson@si.edu; julia_clarke@ncsu.edu RI Clarke, Julia/B-4978-2011 OI Clarke, Julia/0000-0003-2218-2637 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1042 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1039:FAROTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 271JX UT WOS:000253785800020 ER PT J AU Sayer, EJ Powers, JS Tanner, EVJ AF Sayer, Emma J. Powers, Jennifer S. Tanner, Edmund V. J. TI Increased Litterfall in Tropical Forests Boosts the Transfer of Soil CO(2) to the Atmosphere SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Aboveground litter production in forests is likely to increase as a consequence of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentrations, rising temperatures, and shifting rainfall patterns. As litterfall represents a major flux of carbon from vegetation to soil, changes in litter inputs are likely to have wide-reaching consequences for soil carbon dynamics. Such disturbances to the carbon balance may be particularly important in the tropics because tropical forests store almost 30% of the global soil carbon, making them a critical component of the global carbon cycle; nevertheless, the effects of increasing aboveground litter production on belowground carbon dynamics are poorly understood. We used long-term, large-scale monthly litter removal and addition treatments in a lowland tropical forest to assess the consequences of increased litterfall on belowground CO(2) production. Over the second to the fifth year of treatments, litter addition increased soil respiration more than litter removal decreased it; soil respiration was on average 20% lower in the litter removal and 43% higher in the litter addition treatment compared to the controls but litter addition did not change microbial biomass. We predicted a 9% increase in soil respiration in the litter addition plots, based on the 20% decrease in the litter removal plots and an 11% reduction due to lower fine root biomass in the litter addition plots. The 43% measured increase in soil respiration was therefore 34% higher than predicted and it is possible that this 'extra' CO(2) was a result of priming effects, i.e. stimulation of the decomposition of older soil organic matter by the addition of fresh organic matter. Our results show that increases in aboveground litter production as a result of global change have the potential to cause considerable losses of soil carbon to the atmosphere in tropical forests. C1 [Sayer, Emma J.; Tanner, Edmund V. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England. [Sayer, Emma J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Powers, Jennifer S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Powers, Jennifer S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Powers, Jennifer S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sayer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England. EM ejs44@cam.ac.uk RI Sayer, Emma/B-2514-2010 OI Sayer, Emma/0000-0002-3322-4487 FU Mellon Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Cambridge Philosophical Society; Drummond Fund; Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; Gates Cambridge Scholarship; European Union Marie Curie Outgoing International Fellowship; NSF ADVANCE Fellowship [DBI0338143] FX This study was funded by the Mellon Foundation, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Cambridge Philosophical Society, and the Drummond Fund, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. EJS was supported by a Gates Cambridge Scholarship and a European Union Marie Curie Outgoing International Fellowship; JSP was supported by an NSF ADVANCE Fellowship ( DBI0338143). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 49 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 12 AR e1299 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001299 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10JE UT WOS:000207459500018 PM 18074023 ER PT J AU Watson, CA Steeghs, D Shahbaz, T Dhillon, VS AF Watson, C. A. Steeghs, D. Shahbaz, T. Dhillon, V. S. TI Roche tomography of cataclysmic variables - IV. Star-spots and slingshot prominences on BV Cen SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques; spectroscopic; stars; imaging; stars; individual; BV Cen; stars; late-type; novae; cataclysmic variables; stars; spots ID RAPIDLY ROTATING STARS; DUAL-SITE OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-TYPE CYCLES; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; DOPPLER IMAGES; CORONAL STRUCTURE; SECONDARY STARS; AM HERCULIS; MAGNETIC BRAKING; MASS-TRANSFER AB We present Roche tomograms of the G5 - G8 IV/V secondary star in the long-period cataclysmic variable BV Cen reconstructed from Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph echelle data taken on the Magellan Clay 6.5-m telescope. The tomograms show the presence of a number of large, cool star-spots on BV Cen for the first time. In particular, we find a large high-latitude spot which is deflected from the rotational axis in the same direction as seen on the K3 - K5 IV/V secondary star in the cataclysmic variable AE Aqr. BV Cen also shows a similar relative paucity of spots at latitudes between 40. and 50. when compared with AE Aqr. Furthermore, we find evidence for an increased spot coverage around longitudes facing the white dwarf which supports models invoking star-spots at the L1 point to explain the low states observed in some cataclysmic variables. In total, we estimate that some 25 per cent of the Northern hemisphere of BV Cen is spotted. We also find evidence for a faint, narrow, transient emission line with characteristics reminiscent of the peculiar low-velocity emission features observed in some outbursting dwarf novae. We interpret this feature as a slingshot prominence from the secondary star and derive a maximum source size of 75 000 km and a minimum altitude of 160 000 km above the orbital plane for the prominence. The entropy landscape technique was applied to determine the system parameters of BV Cen. We find M(1) = 1.18 +/-(0.28)(0.16) M(circle dot) and M(2) = 1.05 +/-(0.23)(0.14) M circle dot and an orbital inclination of i = 53 degrees +/- 4 degrees at an optimal systemic velocity of gamma = -22.3 km s(-1). Finally, we also report on the previously unknown binarity of the G5IV star HD 220492. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 9BU, W Midlands, England. RP Watson, CA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. EM c.watson@sheffield.ac.uk RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 69 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1118 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12173.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235RS UT WOS:000251252600015 ER PT J AU Witham, AR Knigge, C Aungwerojwit, A Drew, JE Gansicke, BT Greimel, R Groot, PJ Roelofs, GHA Steeghs, D Woudt, PA AF Witham, A. R. Knigge, C. Aungwerojwit, A. Drew, J. E. Gansicke, B. T. Greimel, R. Groot, P. J. Roelofs, G. H. A. Steeghs, D. Woudt, P. A. TI Newly discovered cataclysmic variables from the INT/WFC photometric H alpha survey of the northern Galactic plane SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; binaries; close; novae; cataclysmic variables ID X-RAY; ACCRETION DISKS; EMISSION; STARS; POPULATION; CORE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROGRAPH; TELESCOPE; BINARIES AB We report the discovery of 11 new cataclysmic variable (CV) candidates by the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) Photometric H alpha Survey of the northern Galactic plane (IPHAS). Three of the systems have been the subject of further follow-up observations. For the CV candidates IPHAS J013031.90+622132.4 and J051814.34+294113.2, time-resolved optical spectroscopy has been obtained and radial-velocity measurements of the H alpha emission line have been used to estimate their orbital periods. A third CV candidate (IPHAS J062746.41+014811.3) was observed photometrically and found to be eclipsing. All three systems have orbital periods above the CV period gap of 2-3 h. We also highlight an other system, IPHAS J025827.88+635234.9, whose spectrum distinguishes it as a likely high-luminosity object with unusual C and N abundances. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Highfield SO17 IBJ, England. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Naresuan Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Tenerife, Spain. Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Nijmegen St Radboud Hosp, Fac NWI, Afdel Sterrenkunde, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Witham, AR (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Highfield SO17 IBJ, England. EM arw@phys.soton.ac.uk RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 3 BP 1158 EP 1168 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12426.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235RS UT WOS:000251252600021 ER PT J AU Gawiser, E Francke, H Lai, K Schawinski, K Gronwall, C Ciardullo, R Quadri, R Orsi, A Barrientos, F Blanc, GA Fazio, G Feldmeier, JJ Huang, JS Infante, L Lira, P Padilla, N Taylor, EN Treister, E Urry, CM Van Dokkum, PG Virani, SN AF Gawiser, Eric Francke, Harold Lai, Kamson Schawinski, Kevin Gronwall, Caryl Ciardullo, Robin Quadri, Ryan Orsi, Alvaro Barrientos, Felipe Blanc, Guillermo A. Fazio, Giovanni Feldmeier, John J. Huang, Jia-Sheng Infante, Leopoldo Lira, Paulina Padilla, Nelson Taylor, Edward N. Treister, Ezequiel Urry, C. Megan Van Dokkum, Pieter G. Virani, Shanil N. TI Ly alpha-emitting galaxies at z=3.1: L* progenitors experiencing rapid star formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high redshift; large-scale structure of universe ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; DARK-MATTER HALOES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; RED GALAXIES; CLUSTERING PROPERTIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PRIMEVAL GALAXIES AB We studied the clustering properties and multiwavelength spectral energy distributions of a complete sample of 162 Ly alpha- emitting (LAE) galaxies at z similar or equal to 3: 1 discovered in deep narrowband MUSYC imaging of the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South. LAEs were selected to have observed frame equivalent widths >80 angstrom and emission line fluxes >1.5 x 10(-17) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). Only 1% of our LAE sample appears to host AGNs. The LAEs exhibit a moderate spatial correlation length of r(0) = 3.6(-1.0)(+0.8) Mpc, corresponding to a bias factor b = 1.7(-0.4)(+0.3), which implies median dark matter halo masses of log(10)M(med) = 10.9(-0.9)(+0.5) M(circle dot). Comparing the number density of LAEs, 1.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) Mpc(-3), with the number density of these halos finds a mean halo occupation similar to 1%-10%. The evolution of galaxy bias with redshift implies that most z 3: 1 LAEs evolve into present-day galaxies with L < 2.5L*, whereas other z > 3 galaxy populations typically evolve into more massive galaxies. Halo merger trees show that z 0 descendants occupy halos with a wide range of masses, with a median descendant mass close to that of L*. Only 30% of LAEs have sufficient stellar mass (>similar to 3 x 10(9) M(circle dot)) to yield detections in deep Spitzer IRAC imaging. A two-population SED fit to the stacked UBVRIzJK+[3.6, 4.5, 5.6, 8.0] mu m fluxes of the IRAC-undetected objects finds that the typical LAE has low stellar mass (1.0(-0.4)(+0.6) 10(9) M(circle dot)), moderate star formation rate (2 +/- 1 M(circle dot) yr(-1)), a young component age of 20(-10)(+30) Myr, and little dust (A(V) < 0: 2). The bestfit model has 20% of the mass in the young stellar component, but models without evolved stars are also allowed. C1 [Gawiser, Eric; Francke, Harold; Quadri, Ryan; Treister, Ezequiel; Urry, C. Megan; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Virani, Shanil N.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Gawiser, Eric; Urry, C. Megan; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Virani, Shanil N.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT USA. [Gawiser, Eric; Francke, Harold; Blanc, Guillermo A.; Lira, Paulina; Treister, Ezequiel] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Gawiser, Eric] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Lai, Kamson; Fazio, Giovanni; Huang, Jia-Sheng] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schawinski, Kevin] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Gronwall, Caryl; Ciardullo, Robin] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Orsi, Alvaro; Barrientos, Felipe; Infante, Leopoldo; Padilla, Nelson] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. [Blanc, Guillermo A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Feldmeier, John J.] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Taylor, Edward N.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Treister, Ezequiel] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Urry, C. Megan] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Blanc, GA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Taylor, Edward/C-6458-2015; Lira, Paulina/G-8536-2016; Blanc, Guillermo/I-5260-2016; OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Taylor, Edward/0000-0002-3958-0343; Orsi, Alvaro/0000-0002-8359-7812 NR 76 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1086/522955 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400023 ER PT J AU Bouche, N Cresci, G Eisenhauer, F Schreiber, NMF Genzel, R Gillessen, S Lehnert, M Lutz, D Nesvadba, N Shapiro, KL Sternberg, A Tacconi, LJ Verma, A Cimatti, A Daddi, E Renzini, A Erb, DK Shapley, A Steidel, CC AF Bouche, N. Cresci, G. Eisenhauer, F. Schreiber, N. M. Forster Genzel, R. Gillessen, S. Lehnert, M. Lutz, D. Nesvadba, N. Shapiro, K. L. Sternberg, A. Tacconi, L. J. Verma, A. Cimatti, A. Daddi, E. Renzini, A. Erb, D. K. Shapley, A. Steidel, C. C. TI Dynamical properties of z similar to 2 star-forming galaxies and a universal star formation relation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; infrared : galaxies ID INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINOUS SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; MOLECULAR INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; DATA REDUCTION SOFTWARE; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; SIMILAR-TO 2.5; INFRARED GALAXIES; CONVERSION FACTOR; ROTATION CURVES; SMM J14011+0252 AB We present the first comparison of the dynamical properties of different samples of z similar to 1.4-3.4 star-forming galaxies from spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy from SINFONI/VLT integral field spectroscopy and IRAM CO millimeter interferometry. Our samples include 16 rest-frame UV-selected, 16 rest-frame optically selected, and 13 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). We find that rest-frame UV and optically bright (K < 20) z similar to 2 star forming galaxies are dynamically similar, and follow the same velocity-size relation as disk galaxies at z similar to 0. In the theoretical framework of rotating disks forming from dissipative collapse in dark matter halos, the two samples require a spin parameter ranging from 0.06 to 0.2. In contrast, bright SMGs (S-850 mu m >= 5mJy) have larger velocity widths and are much more compact. Hence, SMGs have lower angular momenta and higher matter densities than either the UV or optically selected populations. This indicates that dissipative major mergers may dominate the SMGs population, resulting in early spheroids, and that a significant fraction of the UV/optically bright galaxies have evolved less violently, either in a series of minor mergers, or in rapid dissipative collapse from the halo, given that either process may leads to the formation of early disks. These early disks may later evolve into spheroids via disk instabilities or mergers. Because of their small sizes and large densities, SMGs lie at the high surface density end of a universal (out to z 2: 5) "Schmidt-Kennicutt'' relation between gas surface density and star formation rate surface density. The best-fit relation suggests that the star formation rate per unit area scales as the surface gas density to a power of similar to 1.7, and that the star formation efficiency increases by a factor of 4 between non-starbursts and strong starbursts. C1 [Bouche, N.; Cresci, G.; Eisenhauer, F.; Schreiber, N. M. Forster; Genzel, R.; Gillessen, S.; Lehnert, M.; Lutz, D.; Nesvadba, N.; Tacconi, L. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Genzel, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lehnert, M.; Nesvadba, N.] Observ Paris, GEPI, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Shapiro, K. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Verma, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Cimatti, A.] Univ Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Daddi, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, DAPNIA SAp, DSM CNRS, CEA,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Renzini, A.] Osserv Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Erb, D. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shapley, A.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Steidel, C. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bouche, N (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; OI Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Cresci, Giovanni/0000-0002-5281-1417 NR 79 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1086/522221 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400025 ER PT J AU Giannini, T Lorenzetti, D De Luca, M Nisini, B Marengo, M Allen, L Smith, HA Fazio, G Massi, F Elia, D Strafella, F AF Giannini, T. Lorenzetti, D. De Luca, M. Nisini, B. Marengo, M. Allen, L. Smith, H. A. Fazio, G. Massi, F. Elia, D. Strafella, F. TI Spitzer MIPS survey of the young stellar content in the Vela Molecular Ridge-D SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Vela Molecular Ridge); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation; surveys ID CLASS-I SOURCES; STAR-FORMATION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CLOUD-D; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; C2D SURVEY; CLUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; OBJECTS AB A new, unbiased Spitzer MIPS imaging survey (similar to 1.8 deg(2)) of the young stellar content of the Vela Molecular Ridge-D (VMR-D) is presented. The survey is complete down to 5 and 250 mJy at 24 and 70 mu m, respectively. A total of 849 sources are detected at 24 mu m, and 52 of them also have a 70 mu m counterpart. The VMR-D region is one that we have already partially mapped in dust and gas millimeter emission, and we discuss the correlation between the Spitzer compact sources and the millimeter contours. About half of the 24 mu m sources are located inside the region delimited by the (CO)-C-12(1-0) contours, corresponding to only one-third of the full area mapped with MIPS. Therefore, the 24 mu m source density increases by about 100% moving from outside to inside the CO contours. For the 70 mu m sources, the corresponding density increase is a factor of 4. About 400 sources of these have a 2MASS counterpart, and we have used this to construct a K-s versus K-s - [24] diagram and to identify the protostellar population inside the cloud. We find an excess of Class I sources in VMR-D in comparison with other star-forming regions. This result could be reasonably biased by the sensitivity limits at 2.2 and 24 mu m or, alternatively, may reflect a very short lifetime (less than or similar to 10(6) yr) for the protostellar content in this molecular cloud. The MIPS images have identified embedded cool objects in most of the previously identified starless cores in the region; in addition, there are six very young, possibly Class 0 objects identified. Finally, we report finding the driving sources for a set of five out of six very compact protostellar jets that had been previously discovered in near-IR images of VMR-D. C1 [Giannini, T.; Lorenzetti, D.; De Luca, M.; Nisini, B.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [De Luca, M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Marengo, M.; Allen, L.; Smith, H. A.; Fazio, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Massi, F.] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Lecce, Italy. [Elia, D.; Strafella, F.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. RP Giannini, T (reprint author), INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. EM giannini@oa-roma.inaf.it; deluca@oa-roma.inaf.it; dloren@oa-roma.inaf.it; nisini@oa-roma.inaf.it OI Massi, Fabrizio/0000-0001-6407-8032; Lorenzetti, Dario/0000-0001-6415-4162; Elia, Davide/0000-0002-9120-5890; Giannini, Teresa/0000-0002-0224-096X; , Brunella Nisini/0000-0002-9190-0113 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 470 EP 482 DI 10.1086/522670 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400039 ER PT J AU Su, YN Liu, SY Chen, HR Zhang, QZ Cesaroni, R AF Su, Yu-Nung Liu, Sheng-Yuan Chen, Huei-Ru Zhang, Qizhou Cesaroni, Riccardo TI The outflow from the luminous young stellar object IRAS 20126+4104: From 4000 AU to 0.4 pc SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (IRAS 20126+4104); stars : formation ID BIPOLAR MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; HIGH-MASS PROTOSTARS; IRAS 20126+4104; PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; PRECESSING JET; SIO; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM; DISK AB We have imaged the outflow from the luminous young stellar object IRAS 20126+4104 (I20126) with the Sub-millimeter Array in CO (3-2), HCN (4-3), and SiO (5-4) at 1 ''-2 '' resolutions within a radius of similar to 20 '' from the central driving source. Our observations reveal at least three different components of the outflowing gas: (1) A compact (similar to 4000 AU) bipolar outflow toward the central young stellar object. With a dynamical timescale of similar to 120 yr, this component represents a very new jet/outflow activity in I20126. ( 2) A collimated outflow with an extent of similar to 0.2 pc previously detected in SiO (2-1). Both morphology and kinematics favor this component being a jet-driven bow shock system. (3) An S-shaped CO outflow with an extent of similar to 0.4 pc. This component records the precession history very well. Its kinematic feature, where the velocity increases with distance from the YSO, indicates, independently of other evidence, that the outflow axis is moving toward the plane of the sky. The three outflow components record the history of the primary jet precession over scales ranging from a few hundred AU to approximately 0.4 pc. Our results indicate that CO (3-2) emission is a good tracer to probe the primary jet. The gas densities and SiO relative abundances in I20126 shocks are estimated using the large velocity gradient calculations. The inferred SiO abundances of (1-5) x 10(-8) in I20126 outflow lobes are comparable to the expected enhancement at shocked regions. C1 [Su, Yu-Nung; Liu, Sheng-Yuan] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chen, Huei-Ru] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Chen, Huei-Ru] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Zhang, Qizhou] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cesaroni, Riccardo] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Su, YN (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM ynsu@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw OI Cesaroni, Riccardo/0000-0002-2430-5103; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1086/522919 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400046 ER PT J AU Uzzo, M Strachan, L Vourlidas, A AF Uzzo, M. Strachan, L. Vourlidas, A. TI The physical properties of coronal streamers. II. SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona ID SOLAR-WIND; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; OUTFLOW VELOCITIES; SPECTROMETER; SOHO; REGION; LINES; TEMPERATURE; MINIMUM; SPECTRA AB In this paper the plasma properties of three streamers observed in 2003 by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) are presented for five heights from 1.75 to 5.0 R.. The kinetic temperatures for protons (T-k,T-p) and the O5+ ions (T-k,T-O) are derived as a function of height with preferential heating of O5+ over protons recorded. By examining how T-k,T-p varies with latitude at each height, an idea of the magnetic field morphology is found. At 1.75 R. the elemental abundances (O, S, Ar, and Fe), electron temperature, and electron density are derived from the UV spectral data. All three streamers were quiescent with typical abundance values; however, no depleted cores were found. The first ionization potential (FIP) effect was detected for all three streamers with a bias of similar to 4. This is consistent with slow solar wind in situ measurements, thereby supporting the hypothetical connection between the two. All three streamers had a higher than expected electron temperature. The electron densities above 1.75 R. are derived from the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 polarized brightness data. Estimates for the O5+ outflow velocities are obtained using the O VI lambda 1032 over lambda 1037 intensity ratios and the estimated electron densities. All three streamers showed evidence of significant outflows at 4.0 and 5.0 R.. C1 [Uzzo, M.; Strachan, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Uzzo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 912 EP 925 DI 10.1086/522909 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400079 ER PT J AU Krips, M Peck, AB Sakamoto, K Petitpas, GB Wilner, DJ Matsushita, S Iono, D AF Krips, M. Peck, A. B. Sakamoto, K. Petitpas, G. B. Wilner, D. J. Matsushita, S. Iono, D. TI SMA high angular resolution imaging of the lensed quasar APM 08279+5255 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (APM 08279+5255) gravitational lensing; submillimeter ID ABSORPTION-LINE QUASAR; HIGH-REDSHIFT; HOST GALAXIES; CO EMISSION; APM-08279+5255; CO(1-0); Z=3.9; PROBE; GAS AB We present Submillimeter Array observations of the z = 3.91 gravitationally lensed broad absorption line quasar APM 08279 + 5255 which spatially resolve the 1.0 mm (200 mm rest frame) dust continuum emission. At 0.4(n) resolution, the emission is separated into two components, a stronger, extended one to the northeast (46 +/- 5 mJy) and a weaker, compact one to the southwest (15 +/- 2 mJy). We have carried out simulations of the gravitational lensing effect responsible for the two submillimeter components in order to constrain the intrinsic size of the submillimeter continuum emission. Using an elliptical lens potential, the best-fit lensing model yields an intrinsic (projected) diameter of similar to 80 pc, which is not as compact as the optical/near-infrared (NIR) emission and agrees with previous size estimates of the gas and dust emission in APM 08279 + 5255. Based on our estimate, we favor a scenario in which the 200 mm (rest frame) emission originates from a warm dust component (T-d = 150-220 K) that is mainly heated by the AGN rather than by a starburst. The flux is boosted by a factor of similar to 90 in our model, consistent with recent estimates for APM 08279 + 5255. C1 [Krips, M.; Peck, A. B.; Petitpas, G. B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Krips, M.; Wilner, D. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sakamoto, K.; Iono, D.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Matsushita, S.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Krips, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mkrips@cfa.harvard.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1086/524704 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 289QV UT WOS:000255069900002 ER PT J AU Torres, G AF Torres, Guillermo TI The transiting exoplanet host star GJ 436: A test of stellar evolution models in the lower main sequence, and revised planetary parameters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : evolution; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (GJ 436); stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; DOPPLER FOLLOW-UP; M-DWARF GJ-436; ECLIPSING BINARY; ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONS; NEARBY STARS; RADIUS; METALLICITY AB Knowledge of the stellar parameters for the parent stars of transiting exoplanets is a prerequisite for establishing the planet properties themselves, and often relies on stellar evolution models. GJ 436, which is orbited by a transiting Neptune-mass object, presents a difficult case because it is an M dwarf. Stellar models in this mass regime are not as reliable as for higher mass stars, and tend to underestimate the radius. Here we use constraints from published transit light curve solutions for GJ 436 along with other spectroscopic quantities to show how the models can still be used to infer the mass and radius accurately, and at the same time allow the radius discrepancy to be estimated. Similar systems should be found during the upcoming Kepler mission, and could provide in this way valuable constraints to stellar evolution models in the lower main sequence. The stellar mass and radius of GJ 436 are M-* = 0.452(-0.012)(+0.014) M-circle dot and R-* = 0.464(-0.011)(+0.009) R-circle dot, and the radius is 10% larger than predicted by the standard models, in agreement with previous results from well-studied double-lined eclipsing binaries. We obtain an improved planet mass and radius of M-p = 23.17 +/- 0.79 M-circle dot and R-p = 4.22(-0.10)(+0.09) R-circle plus, a density of rho(p) = 1.69(-0.12)(+0.14) g cm(-3), and an orbital semimajor axis of a = 0.02872 +/- 0.00027 AU. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu NR 33 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP L65 EP L68 DI 10.1086/524886 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 289QV UT WOS:000255069900017 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Forest destruction in tropical Asia SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Asian tropical forests; biodiversity; deforestation; logging; population growth ID ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE; ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT; PROTECTED AREAS; RAIN-FORESTS; LAND-COVER; BIODIVERSITY; DEFORESTATION; CONSERVATION; CORRUPTION; VEGETATION AB I evaluate trends in forest loss, population size, economic growth, and corruption within 12 nations that contain the large bulk of Asian tropical forests, and contrast these with trends occurring elsewhere in the tropics. Half of the Asian nations have already experienced severe (>70%) forest loss, and forest-rich countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, are experiencing rapid forest destruction. Both expanding human populations and industrial drivers of deforestation, such as logging and exotic-tree plantations, are important drivers of forest loss. Countries with rapid population growth and little surviving forest are also plagued by endemic corruption and low average living standards. C1 [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 47 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 43 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1544 EP 1550 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 244QH UT WOS:000251879900023 ER PT J AU Logue, DM AF Logue, David M. TI Duetting in space: a radio-telemetry study of the black-bellied wren SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE animal communication; vocal duet; radio-telemetry; Thryothorus; Grallina; contact maintenance ID AUSTRALIAN MAGPIE-LARKS; THRYOTHORUS-NIGRICAPILLUS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SONG BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION; PLAYBACK; DUETS AB In many birds, individuals 'answer' the songs of their pair-mates to produce vocal 'duets'. One hypothesized function of song answering is that it prevents extra-pair birds from intruding into the duetting pair's territory to obtain copulations or usurp one of the pair-mates. In this capacity, answering may signal that the pair-mates are close together, and so are prepared to defend against such an intrusion. Another functional hypothesis states that answering helps pair-mates maintain contact, and so predicts that a bird is more likely to approach its mate after a duet than after a solo song. I used radio-telemetry to monitor the distance between mated black-bellied wrens (Pheugopedius fasciatoventris). I found that birds of both sexes were more likely to answer their mate's song when the mate was close, and that maximum duet length was negatively related to the distance between pair-mates. Furthermore, song answering positively affected the likelihood of one pair-mate approaching the other after a song. In a significant majority of the approaches after duet songs, the answering bird approached the initiator. 1 conclude that in the black-bellied wren, (i) the occurrence and duration of vocal duets covary with physical closeness and (ii) contact maintenance is a secondary function of duet participation. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. RP Logue, DM (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, 4401 Univ Dr, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM david.logue@uleth.ca NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1628 BP 3005 EP 3010 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.1005 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 236BV UT WOS:000251278900012 PM 17895228 ER PT J AU Cirtain, JW Golub, L Lundquist, L van Ballegooijen, A Savcheva, A Shimojo, M DeLuca, E Tsuneta, S Sakao, T Reeves, K Weber, M Kano, R Narukage, N Shibasaki, K AF Cirtain, J. W. Golub, L. Lundquist, L. van Ballegooijen, A. Savcheva, A. Shimojo, M. DeLuca, E. Tsuneta, S. Sakao, T. Reeves, K. Weber, M. Kano, R. Narukage, N. Shibasaki, K. TI Evidence for Alfven waves in solar x-ray jets SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; WIND; TELESCOPE; DYNAMICS AB Coronal magnetic fields are dynamic, and field lines may misalign, reassemble, and release energy by means of magnetic reconnection. Giant releases may generate solar flares and coronal mass ejections and, on a smaller scale, produce x-ray jets. Hinode observations of polar coronal holes reveal that x-ray jets have two distinct velocities: one near the Alfven speed (similar to 800 kilometers per second) and another near the sound speed ( 200 kilometers per second). Many more jets were seen than have been reported previously; we detected an average of 10 events per hour up to these speeds, whereas previous observations documented only a handful per day with lower average speeds of 200 kilometers per second. The x-ray jets are about 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(4) kilometers wide and 1 x 10(5) kilometers long and last from 100 to 2500 seconds. The large number of events, coupled with the high velocities of the apparent outflows, indicates that the jets may contribute to the high-speed solar wind. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Nagano 3841305, Japan. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Cirtain, JW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM Jonathan.W.Cirtain@nasa.gov RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749 NR 14 TC 249 Z9 251 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 7 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5856 BP 1580 EP 1582 DI 10.1126/science.1147050 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 238BG UT WOS:000251421700032 PM 18063786 ER PT J AU Reale, F Parenti, S Reeves, KK Weber, M Bobra, MG Barbera, M Kano, R Narukage, N Shimojo, M Sakao, T Peres, G Golub, L AF Reale, Fabio Parenti, Susanna Reeves, Kathy K. Weber, Mark Bobra, Monica G. Barbera, Marco Kano, Ryouhei Narukage, Noriyuki Shimojo, Masumi Sakao, Taro Peres, Giovanni Golub, Leon TI Fine thermal structure of a coronal active region SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; LOOPS AB The determination of the fine thermal structure of the solar corona is fundamental to constraining the coronal heating mechanisms. The Hinode X-ray Telescope collected images of the solar corona in different passbands, thus providing temperature diagnostics through energy ratios. By combining different filters to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio, we observed a coronal active region in five filters, revealing a highly thermally structured corona: very fine structures in the core of the region and on a larger scale further away. We observed continuous thermal distribution along the coronal loops, as well as entangled structures, and variations of thermal structuring along the line of sight. C1 Univ Palermo, Sez Astron, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Ist Nazl AstroFis, Osservatorio Astron Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP Reale, F (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Sez Astron, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. EM reale@astropa.unipa.it RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016; OI Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420; PERES, Giovanni/0000-0002-6033-8180; Reale, Fabio/0000-0002-1820-4824 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 7 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5856 BP 1582 EP 1585 DI 10.1126/science.1146590 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 238BG UT WOS:000251421700033 PM 18063787 ER PT J AU Sakao, T Kano, R Narukage, N Kotoku, J Bando, T DeLuca, EE Lundquist, LL Tsuneta, S Harra, LK Katsukawa, Y Kubo, M Hara, H Matsuzaki, K Shimojo, M Bookbinder, JA Golub, L Korreck, KE Su, YN Shibasaki, K Shimizu, T Nakatani, I AF Sakao, Taro Kano, Ryouhei Narukage, Noriyuki Kotoku, Jun'ichi Bando, Takamasa DeLuca, Edward E. Lundquist, Loraine L. Tsuneta, Saku Harra, Louise K. Katsukawa, Yukio Kubo, Masahito Hara, Hirohisa Matsuzaki, Keiichi Shimojo, Masumi Bookbinder, Jay A. Golub, Leon Korreck, Kelly E. Su, Yingna Shibasaki, Kiyoto Shimizu, Toshifumi Nakatani, Ichiro TI Continuous plasma outflows from the edge of a solar active region as a possible source of solar wind SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; TELESCOPE; MISSION; HINODE; ORIGIN; LOOPS; VICINITY; FLOWS; EIT AB The Sun continuously expels a huge amount of ionized material into interplanetary space as the solar wind. Despite its influence on the heliospheric environment, the origin of the solar wind has yet to be well identified. In this paper, we report Hinode X-ray Telescope observations of a solar active region. At the edge of the active region, located adjacent to a coronal hole, a pattern of continuous outflow of soft-x-ray-emitting plasmas was identified emanating along apparently open magnetic field lines and into the upper corona. Estimates of temperature and density for the outflowing plasmas suggest a mass loss rate that amounts to similar to 1/4 of the total mass loss rate of the solar wind. These outflows may be indicative of one of the solar wind sources at the Sun. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NAOJ, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP Sakao, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM sakao@solar.isas.jaxa.jp RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749; Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 NR 24 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 7 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5856 BP 1585 EP 1588 DI 10.1126/science.1147292 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 238BG UT WOS:000251421700034 PM 18063788 ER PT J AU Aulanier, G Golub, L DeLuca, EE Cirtain, JW Kano, R Lundquist, LL Narukage, N Sakao, T Weber, MA AF Aulanier, Guillaume Golub, Leon DeLuca, Edward E. Cirtain, Jonathan W. Kano, Ryouhei Lundquist, Loraine L. Narukage, Noriyuki Sakao, Taro Weber, Mark A. TI Slipping magnetic reconnection in coronal loops SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-REGION; ALFVEN WAVES; FLARE; FLUX AB The heating of the solar chromosphere and corona is a long-standing puzzle in solar physics. Hinode observations show the ubiquitous presence of chromospheric anemone jets outside sunspots in active regions. They are typically 3 to 7 arc seconds = 2000 to 5000 kilometers long and 0.2 to 0.4 arc second = 150 to 300 kilometers wide, and their velocity is 10 to 20 kilometers per second. These small jets have an inverted Y-shape, similar to the shape of x-ray anemone jets in the corona. These features imply that magnetic reconnection similar to that in the corona is occurring at a much smaller spatial scale throughout the chromosphere and suggest that the heating of the solar chromosphere and corona may be related to small-scale ubiquitous reconnection. C1 Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris,LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Aulanier, G (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris,LESIA, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM guillaume.aulanier@obspm.fr RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 22 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 7 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5856 BP 1588 EP 1591 DI 10.1126/science.1146143 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 238BG UT WOS:000251421700035 PM 18063789 ER PT J AU Lambert, A Read, WG Livesey, NJ Santee, ML Manney, GL Froidevaux, L Wu, DL Schwartz, MJ Pumphrey, HC Jimenez, C Nedoluha, GE Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Fuller, RA Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Pickett, HM Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA Waters, JW Jucks, KW Toon, GC Stachnik, RA Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Urban, J Murtagh, D Elkins, JW Atlas, E AF Lambert, A. Read, W. G. Livesey, N. J. Santee, M. L. Manney, G. L. Froidevaux, L. Wu, D. L. Schwartz, M. J. Pumphrey, H. C. Jimenez, C. Nedoluha, G. E. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Fuller, R. A. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Pickett, H. M. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. Waters, J. W. Jucks, K. W. Toon, G. C. Stachnik, R. A. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Urban, J. Murtagh, D. Elkins, J. W. Atlas, E. TI Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder middle atmosphere water vapor and nitrous oxide measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; EOS MLS; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM; STRATOSPHERE; INSTRUMENTS; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; PROFILES C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Lambert, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559 NR 50 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 5 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S36 DI 10.1029/2007JD008724 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239OA UT WOS:000251526400001 ER PT J AU Anker, A AF Anker, Arthur TI New species and records of alpheid shrimps, genera Salmoneus Holthuis and Parabetaeus Coutiere, from the tropical western Atlantic (Decapoda, Caridea) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Salmoneus; Parabetaeus; Alpheidae; Caridea; new species; new records; western Atlantic; Brazil ID CRUSTACEA; GENUS AB Six species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, including two new species, are reported from the tropical western Atlantic. Salmoneus ortmanni (Rankin, 1898) is reported for the first time from Atol das Rocas, Brazil and Aruba, Netherlands Antilles. Salmoneus carvachoi n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens previously misidentified as S. ortmanni from Guadeloupe, French Antilles, and is also known to occur in Brazil. The main difference between S. carvachoi n. sp. and S. ortmanni is the much more slender dactylus of the third to fifth pereiopods in the first species. The two species also appear to be ecologically separated: S. carvachoi n. sp. prefers silt-mud bottoms of estuaries and mangroves, while S. ortmanni occurs mostly in the rocky-coralline algae intertidal and on seagrass beds with reef patches, under rocks and coral rubble. Salmoneus rocas n. sp. is described on the basis of a single specimen collected at Atol das Rocas; this species belongs to the mostly Indo-Pacific S. serratidigitus (Coutiere, 1896) species complex. Salmoneus teres Manning & Chace, 1990 and S. setosus Manning & Chace, 1990 previously known only from the isolated Ascension Island in the central Atlantic, are reported for the first time from the tropical western Atlantic: Guadeloupe and northeastern Brazil, respectively. Finally, Parabetaeus hummelincki (Schmitt, 1936) is recorded for the first time in Brazil. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Invest Trop, Balboa, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Invest Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 3 PY 2007 IS 1653 BP 21 EP 39 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 236NW UT WOS:000251310700002 ER PT J AU Sharrer, T AF Sharrer, Terry TI Pharsalia: An environmental biography of a southern plantation, 1780-1880 SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Sharrer, Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sharrer, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1534 EP 1535 DI 10.1086/ahr.112.5.1534 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 249WC UT WOS:000252260000056 ER PT J AU Otero, JT Flanagan, NS Herre, EA Ackerman, JD Bayman, P AF Otero, J. Tupac Flanagan, Nicola S. Herre, E. Allen Ackerman, James D. Bayman, Paul TI Widespread mycorrhizal specificity correlates to mycorrhizal function in the neotropical, epiphytic orchid Ionopsis utricularioides (Orchidaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Ceratobasidium; functional outcomes; lonopsis utricularioides; neotropics; Orchidaceae; orchid mycorrhizae; Rhizoctonia; specificity ID RHIZOCTONIA-LIKE FUNGI; TROPICAL ORCHIDS; IN-VITRO; SEED-GERMINATION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; GOODYERA-REPENS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; SOLANI; SPECIALIZATION AB Tropical orchids constitute the greater part of orchid diversity, but little is known about their obligate mycorrhizal relationships. The specificity of these interactions and associated fungal distributions could influence orchid distributions and diversity. We investigated the mycorrhizal specificity of the tropical epiphytic orchid Ionopsis utricularioides across an extensive geographical range. DNA ITS sequence variation was surveyed in both plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Phylogeographic relationships were estimated for the mycorrhizal fungi. Orchid functional outcomes were determined through in vitro seed germination and seedling growth with a broad phylogenetic representation of fungi. Most fungal isolates derived from one clade of Ceratohasidium (anamorphs assignable to Ceratorhiza), with 78% within a narrower phylogenetic group, clade B. No correlation was found between the distributions of orchid and fungal genotypes. All fungal isolates significantly enhanced seed germination, while fungi in clade B significantly enhanced seedling growth. These results show that I. utricularioides associates with a phylogenetically narrow, effective fungal clade over a broad distribution. This preference for a widespread mycorrhizae may partly explain the ample distribution and abundance of I. utricularioides and contrasts with local mycorrhizal diversification seen in some nonphotosynthetic orchids. Enhanced orchid function with a particular fungal subclade suggests mycorrhizal specificity can increase orchid fitness. C1 [Otero, J. Tupac; Flanagan, Nicola S.; Ackerman, James D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Otero, J. Tupac] Univ Nacl Colombia Palmira, Dept Ciencias Biol, Palmira, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia. [Flanagan, Nicola S.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Biochem, Cork, Ireland. [Herre, E. Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Otero, JT (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM jtoteroo@palmira.unal.edu.co RI Otero, J. Tupac/A-7413-2010 NR 48 TC 57 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 21 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1944 EP 1950 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.12.1944 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 245QT UT WOS:000251951500005 PM 21636389 ER PT J AU Hu, XS He, FL Hubbell, SP AF Hu, Xin-Sheng He, Fangliang Hubbell, Stephen P. TI Species diversity in local neutral communities SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE community assembly rules; relative species abundance; Simpson's index; spatial scale; species-area relationship; stochastic immigration ID SAMPLING THEORY; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; ALLELES; MODEL; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB We extend the neutral theory of macroecology by deriving biodiversity models (relative species abundance and species-area relationships) in a local community-metacommunity system in which the local community is embedded within the metacommunity. We first demonstrate that the local species diversity patterns converge to that of the metacommunity as the size (scale) of the embedded local community increases. This result shows that in continuous landscapes no sharp boundaries dividing the communities at the two scales exist; they are an artificial distinction made by the current spatially implicit neutral theory. Second, we remove the artificial restriction that speciation cannot occur in a local community, even if the effects of local speciation are small. Third, we introduce stochasticity into the immigration rate, previously treated as constant, and demonstrate that local species diversity is a function not only of the mean but also of the variance in immigration rate. High variance in immigration rates reduces species diversity in local communities. Finally, we show that a simple relationship exists between the fundamental diversity parameter of neutral theory and Simpson's index for local communities. Derivation of this relationship extends recent work on diversity indices and provides a means of evaluating the effect of immigration on estimates of the fundamental diversity parameter derived from relative species abundance data on local communities. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Hu, XS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM xin-sheng.hu@ualberta.ca; fhe@ualberta.ca; shubbell@plantbio.uga.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 170 IS 6 BP 844 EP 853 DI 10.1086/522935 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 229US UT WOS:000250832000007 PM 18171167 ER PT J AU Buschhaus, C Herz, H Jetter, R AF Buschhaus, Christopher Herz, Hubert Jetter, Reinhard TI Chemical composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on adaxial sides of Rosa canina leaves SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID LEAF CUTICULAR WAXES; SECONDARY ALCOHOLS; DECORATIVE ROSES; PLANT CUTICLE; SURFACE WAXES; FLOWER WAX; CRYSTALS; PARAFFINS; SYNTHASE; PITCHERS AB Background and Aims The waxy cuticle is the first point of contact for many herbivorous and pathogenic organisms on rose plants. Previous studies have reported the average composition of the combined wax extract from both sides of rose leaves. Recently, the compositions of the waxes on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of Rosa canina leaves were determined separately. In this paper, a first report is made on the compositions of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers of Rosa canina leaves. The methods described enable the determination of which compounds are truly available at the surface for plant-organism interactions. Methods An adhesive was used to mechanically strip the epicuticular wax from the adaxial leaf surface and the removal was visually confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. After the epicuticular wax had been removed, the intracuticular wax was then isolated using standard chemical extraction. Gas chromatography, flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry were used to identify and quantify compounds in the separated wax mixtures. Key Results The epicuticular wax contained higher concentrations of alkanes and alkyl esters but lower concentrations of primary alcohols and alkenols when compared to the intracuticular wax. In addition, the average chain lengths of these compound classes were higher in the epicuticular wax. Secondary alcohols were found only in the epicuticular layer while triterpenoids were restricted mainly to the intracuticular wax. Conclusions A gradient exists between the composition of the epi- and intracuticular wax layers of Rosa canina leaves. This gradient may result from polarity differences, in part caused by differences in chain lengths. The outer wax layer accessible to the phyllosphere showed a unique composition of wax compounds. The ecological consequences from such a gradient may now be probed. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Jetter, R (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM jetter@interchange.ubc.ca NR 37 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 7 BP 1557 EP 1564 DI 10.1093/aob/mcm255 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 234XJ UT WOS:000251197500017 PM 17933845 ER PT J AU Rawlings, TK Ruiz, GM Colwell, RR AF Rawlings, Tonya K. Ruiz, Gregory M. Colwell, Rita R. TI Association of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor and O139 Bengal with the copepods Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHIRONOMID EGG MASSES; SYNONYM BENGAL; CHITIN UTILIZATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; ZOOPLANKTON; BANGLADESH; MICROCOSMS; EPIDEMIC AB The association of Vibrio cholerae with zooplankton has been suggested as an important factor in transmission of human epidemic cholera, and the ability to colonize zooplankton surfaces may play a role in the temporal variation and predominance of the two different serogroups (V. cholerae O1 El Tor and O139) in the aquatic environment. To date, interactions between specific serogroups and species of plankton remain poorly understood. Laboratory microcosm experiments were carried out to compare quantitatively the colonization of two copepod species, Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis, by each of the epidemic serogroups. V. cholerae O1 consistently achieved higher abundances than V. cholerae O139 in colonizing adults of each copepod species as well as the multiple life stages of E. affinis. This difference in colonization may be significant in the general predominance of V. cholerae O1 in cholera epidemics in rural Bangladesh where water supplies are taken directly from the environment. C1 [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rawlings, Tonya K.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Colwell, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Sci, 296 Biomol Sci Bldg, Room 3103, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rcolwell@umiacs.umd.edu OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X FU PHS HHS [1R01A139129-01] NR 51 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 24 BP 7926 EP 7933 DI 10.1128/AEM.01238-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 244YV UT WOS:000251902300017 PM 17951440 ER PT J AU Sesar, B Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Juric, M Gunn, JE Knapp, GR De Lee, N Smith, JA Miknaitis, G Lin, H Tucker, D Doi, M Tanaka, M Fukugita, M Holtzman, J Kent, S Yanny, B Schlegel, D Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Rockosi, CM Bond, N Lee, B Stoughton, C Jester, S Harris, H Harding, P Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP York, D Richmond, MW Berk, DV AF Sesar, Branimir Ivezic, Zeljko Lupton, Robert H. Juric, Mario Gunn, James E. Knapp, Gillian R. De Lee, Nathan Smith, J. Allyn Miknaitis, Gajus Lin, Huan Tucker, Douglas Doi, Mamoru Tanaka, Masayuki Fukugita, Masataka Holtzman, Jon Kent, Steve Yanny, Brian Schlegel, David Finkbeiner, Douglas Padmanabhan, Nikhil Rockosi, Constance M. Bond, Nicholas Lee, Brian Stoughton, Chris Jester, Sebastian Harris, Hugh Harding, Paul Brinkmann, Jon Schneider, Donald P. York, Donald Richmond, Michael W. Berk, Daniel Vanden TI Exploring the variable sky with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : stellar content; quasars : general; stars : Population II; stars : variables : other ID RR LYRAE STARS; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; VARIABILITY SURVEY; DATA RELEASE; CONTINUUM VARIABILITY AB We quantify the variability of faint unresolved optical sources using a catalog based on multiple SDSS imaging observations. The catalog covers SDSS stripe 82, which lies along the celestial equator in the southern Galactic hemisphere (22(h)24(m) < alpha(J2000.0) < 04(h)08(m), -1.27 degrees < delta(J2000.0) < +1.27 degrees, similar to 290 deg(2)), and contains 34 million photometric observations in the SDSS ugriz system for 748,084 unresolved sources at high Galactic latitudes (b < -20 degrees) that were observed at least four times in each of the ugri bands (with a median of 10 observations obtained over similar to 6 yr). In each photometric bandpass we compute various low-order light-curve statistics, such as rms scatter, chi(2) per degree of freedom, skewness, and minimum and maximum magnitude, and use them to select and study variable sources. We find that 2% of unresolved optical sources brighter than g 20.5 appear variable at the 0.05 mag level (rms) simultaneously in the g and r bands (at high Galactic latitudes). The majority (2 out of 3) of these variable sources are low-redshift (< 2) quasars, although they represent only 2% of all sources in the adopted flux-limited sample. We find that at least 90% of quasars are variable at the 0.03 mag level (rms) and confirm that variability is as good a method for finding low-redshift quasars as the UV excess color selection (at high Galactic latitudes). We analyze the distribution of light-curve skewness for quasars and find that it is centered on zero. We find that about one-fourth of the variable stars are RR Lyrae stars, and that only 0.5% of stars from the main stellar locus are variable at the 0.05 mag level. The distribution of light-curve skewness in the g - r versus u - g color-color diagram on the main stellar locus is found to be bimodal (with one mode consistent with Algol-like behavior). Using over 600 RR Lyrae stars, we demonstrate rich halo substructure out to distances of 100 kpc. We extrapolate these results to the expected performance by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and estimate that it will obtain well-sampled, 2% accurate, multicolor light curves for similar to 2million low-redshift quasars and discover at least 50 million variable stars. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tokyo, Astron Inst, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. US Naval Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Apachi Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Sesar, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 73 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 134 IS 6 BP 2236 EP 2251 DI 10.1086/521819 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MF UT WOS:000251237600012 ER PT J AU Holwerda, BW Keel, WC Bolton, A AF Holwerda, B. W. Keel, W. C. Bolton, A. TI Spiral disk opacity from occulting galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : structure ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LENS ACS SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SEEING GALAXIES; OVERLAPPING GALAXIES; DUST; EXTINCTION; THICK; SYSTEM; IV AB A spiral galaxy partially overlapping a more distant elliptical offers a unique opportunity to measure the dust extinction in the foreground spiral. From the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR4 spectroscopic sample, we selected 83 occulting galaxy pairs and measured disk opacity over the redshift range z = 0.0-0.2 with the goal of determining the recent evolution of disk dust opacity. The enrichment of the ISM changes over the lifetime of a disk, and it is reasonable to expect the dust extinction properties of spiral disks as a whole to change over their lifetime. When they do, the change will affect our measurements of galaxies over the observable universe. From the SDSS pairs we conclude that spiral disks show evidence of extinction to similar to 2 effective radii. However, no evidence for recent evolution of disk opacity is evident, due to the limited redshift range and our inability to distinguish other factors on disk opacity such as the presence of spiral arms and Hubble type. Such effects also mask any relation between surface brightness and optical depth that has been found in nearby galaxies. Hence, we conclude that the SDSS spectral catalog is an excellent way to find occulting pairs and construct a uniform local sample. However, a higher resolution than that of the SDSS images is needed to disentangle the effects of spiral arms and Hubble type from evolution since z = 0.2. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Holwerda, BW (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM holwerda@stsci.edu OI Holwerda, Benne/0000-0002-4884-6756 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 134 IS 6 BP 2385 EP 2397 DI 10.1086/522786 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MF UT WOS:000251237600022 ER PT J AU Covey, KR Ivezic, Z Schlegel, D Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Lupton, RH Agueros, MA Bochanski, JJ Hawley, SL West, AA Seth, A Kimball, A Gogarten, SM Claire, M Haggard, D Kaib, N Schneider, DP Sesar, B AF Covey, K. R. Ivezic, Z. Schlegel, D. Finkbeiner, D. Padmanabhan, N. Lupton, R. H. Agueeros, M. A. Bochanski, J. J. Hawley, S. L. West, A. A. Seth, A. Kimball, A. Gogarten, S. M. Claire, M. Haggard, D. Kaib, N. Schneider, D. P. Sesar, B. TI Stellar SEDs from 0.3 to 2.5 mu m: Tracing the stellar locus and searching for color outliers in the SDSS and 2MASS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : stellar content; infrared : stars; stars : early-type; stars : late-type; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; QUANTITATIVE SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; 5TH DATA RELEASE; ALL-SKY; COOL STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; SCANNER MEASUREMENTS; WHITE-DWARFS; K-STARS; TELESCOPE AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) are rich resources for studying stellar astrophysics and the structure and formation history of the Galaxy. As new surveys and instruments adopt similar filter sets, it is increasingly important to understand the properties of the ugrizJHK(s) stellar locus, both to inform studies of "normal'' main-sequence stars and enable robust searches for point sources with unusual colors. Using a sample of similar to 600,000 point sources detected by SDSS and 2MASS, we tabulate the position and width of the ugrizJHK(s) stellar locus as a function of g - i color, and provide accurate polynomial fits. We map the Morgan-Keenan spectral type sequence to the median stellar locus by using synthetic photometry of spectral standards and by analyzing 3000 SDSS stellar spectra with a custom spectral typing pipeline, described in the Appendix to this paper. We develop an algorithm to calculate a point source's minimum separation from the stellar locus in a seven-dimensional color space, and use it to robustly identify objects with unusual colors, as well as spurious SDSS/2MASS matches. Analysis of a final catalog of 2117 color outliers identifies 370 white-dwarf/Mdwarf (WDMD) pairs, 93 QSOs, and 90 M giant/carbon star candidates, and demonstrates that WDMD pairs and QSOs can be distinguished on the basis of their J - K(s) and r - z colors. We also identify a group of objects with correlated offsets in the u - g versus g - r and g - r versus r - i color-color spaces, but subsequent follow-up is required to reveal the nature of these objects. Future applications of this algorithm to a matched SDSS-UKIDSS catalog may well identify additional classes of objects with unusual colors by probing new areas of color-magnitude space. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Covey, KR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kcovey@cfa.harvard.edu RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 75 TC 221 Z9 224 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 134 IS 6 BP 2398 EP 2417 DI 10.1086/522052 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MF UT WOS:000251237600023 ER PT J AU Bochanski, JJ Munn, JA Hawley, SL West, AA Covey, KR Schneider, DP AF Bochanski, John J. Munn, Jeffrey A. Hawley, Suzanne L. West, Andrew A. Covey, Kevin R. Schneider, Donald P. TI Exploring the local milky way: M dwarfs as tracers of Galactic populations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : structure; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; THICK DISK; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DATA RELEASE; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; TARGET SELECTION; NEARBY STARS; COOL STARS AB We have assembled a spectroscopic sample of low-mass dwarfs observed as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey along one Galactic sight line, designed to investigate the observable properties of the thin and thick disks. This sample of similar to 7400 K and M stars also has measured ugriz photometry, proper motions, and radial velocities. We compute UVW space-motion distributions, and investigate their structure with respect to vertical distance from the Galactic plane. We place constraints on the velocity dispersions of the thin and thick disks, using two-component Gaussian fits. We also compare these kinematic distributions to a leading Galactic model. Finally, we investigate other possible observable differences between the thin and thick disks, such as color, active fraction, and metallicity. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Naval Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bochanski, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bochansk@astro.washington.edu RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 100 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 134 IS 6 BP 2418 EP 2429 DI 10.1086/522053 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MF UT WOS:000251237600024 ER PT J AU Davenport, JRA Bochanski, JJ Covey, KR Hawley, SL West, AA Schneider, DP AF Davenport, James R. A. Bochanski, John J. Covey, Kevin R. Hawley, Suzanne L. West, Andrew A. Schneider, Donald P. TI Improved photometric calibrations for red stars observed with the SDSS Photometric Telescope SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COOL STARS; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; DWARFS; MONITOR; SYSTEM AB We present a new set of photometric transformations for red stars observed with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) 0.5 m Photometric Telescope (PT) and the SDSS 2.5 m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico. Nightly PT observations of US Naval Observatory standards are used to determine extinction corrections and calibration terms for SDSS 2.5 m photometry. Systematic differences between the PT and native SDSS 2.5 m ugriz photometry require conversions between the two systems which have previously been undefined for the reddest stars. By matching similar to 43,000 stars observed with both the PT and SDSS 2.5 m, we extend the present relations to include low-mass stars with colors 0.6 <= r - i <= 1.7. These corrections will allow us to place photometry of bright, low-mass trigonometric parallax stars previously observed with the PT on the 2.5 m system. We present new transformation equations and discuss applications of these data to future low-mass star studies using the SDSS. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Davenport, JRA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM uwjim@astro.washington.edu RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797; Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 134 IS 6 BP 2430 EP 2434 DI 10.1086/522054 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MF UT WOS:000251237600025 ER PT J AU Giacintucci, S Venturi, T Murgia, M Dallacasa, D Athreya, R Bardelli, S Mazzotta, P Saikia, DJ AF Giacintucci, S. Venturi, T. Murgia, M. Dallacasa, D. Athreya, R. Bardelli, S. Mazzotta, P. Saikia, D. J. TI Radio morphology and spectral analysis of cD galaxies in rich and poor galaxy clusters SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : galaxies; galaxies : clusters : general ID ABELL CLUSTERS; DUMBBELL GALAXIES; VLA OBSERVATIONS; SKY SURVEY; FR-I; SAMPLE; CHANDRA; IMAGES; EVOLUTION; CATALOG AB Aims. We present a radio morphological study and spectral analysis of a sample of 13 cD galaxies in rich and poor clusters of galaxies. Methods. Our study is based on new high sensitivity Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations at 1.28 GHz, 610 MHz and 235 MHz, and on archival data. From a statistical sample of cluster cD galaxies we selected those sources with little information available in the literature and promising for the detection of aged radio emission. As well as the high sensitivity images for all 13 radio galaxies, we present also a detailed spectral analysis for 7 of them. Results. We found a variety of morphologies and linear sizes, as typical for radio galaxies in the radio power range sampled here (low to intermediate power radio galaxies). The spectral analysis shows that 10/13 radio galaxies have a steep radio spectrum, with spectral index a >= 1. In general, the radiative ages and growth velocities are consistent with previous findings that the evolution of radio galaxies at cluster centres is affected by the dense external medium (i.e. low growth velocities and old ages). We suggest that the dominant galaxies in A 2622 and MKW 03s are dying radio sources, which at present are not fed by nuclear activity. On the other hand, the spectacular source at the centre of A 2372 might be a very interesting example of a restarted radio galaxy. For this source we estimated a life cycle of the order of 10(6) yr. C1 INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy. Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), INAF, Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM tventuri@ira.inaf.it RI Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; OI Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 476 IS 1 BP 99 EP 119 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077918 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 234OE UT WOS:000251172600012 ER PT J AU Pont, F Gilliland, RL Moutou, C Charbonneau, D Bouchy, F Brown, TM Mayor, M Queloz, D Santos, N Udry, S AF Pont, F. Gilliland, R. L. Moutou, C. Charbonneau, D. Bouchy, F. Brown, T. M. Mayor, M. Queloz, D. Santos, N. Udry, S. TI Hubble Space Telescope time-series photometry of the planetary transit of HD 189733: no moon, no rings, starspots SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : late-type; techniques : photometric ID LOW-MASS STARS; HD 189733B; PARAMETERS; EMISSION; MODELS; SYSTEM AB We monitored three transits of the giant gas planet around the nearby K dwarf HD 189733 with the ACS camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. The resulting very-high accuracy lightcurve ( signal-to-noise ratio near 15 000 on individual measurements, 35 000 on 10-min averages) allows a direct geometric measurement of the orbital inclination, radius ratio and scale of the system: i = 85.68 +/- 0.04, R-pl/R-* = 0.1572 +/- 0.0004, a/R-* = 8.92 +/- 0.09. We derive improved values for the stellar and planetary radius, R-* = 0.755 +/- 0.011 R-circle dot, R-pl = 1.154 +/- 0.017 R-J, and the transit ephemerides, T-tr = 2453931.12048 +/- 0.00002+ n center dot 2.218581 +/- 0.000002. The HST data also reveal clear evidence of the planet occulting spots on the surface of the star. At least one large spot complex (> 80 000 km) is required to explain the observed flux residuals and their colour evolution. This feature is compatible in amplitude and phase with the variability observed simultaneously from the ground. No evidence for satellites or rings around HD 189733b is seen in the HST lightcurve. This allows us to exlude with a high probability the presence of Earth-sized moons and Saturn-type debris rings around this planet. The timing of the three transits sampled is stable to the level of a few seconds, excluding a massive second planet in outer 2: 1 resonance. C1 Geneva Univ Observ, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Astrophys Lab, F-75014 Paris, France. Las Cumbres Observ, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. RP Pont, F (reprint author), Geneva Univ Observ, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. EM frederic.pont@obs.unige.ch RI Santos, Nuno/E-9957-2011 OI Santos, Nuno/0000-0003-4422-2919 NR 19 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 476 IS 3 BP 1347 EP 1355 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078269 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 239GT UT WOS:000251507500028 ER PT J AU Brinch, C Crapsi, A Jorgensen, JK Hogerheijde, MR Hill, T AF Brinch, C. Crapsi, A. Jorgensen, J. K. Hogerheijde, M. R. Hill, T. TI A deeply embedded young protoplanetary disk around L1489 IRS observed by the Submillimeter Array SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; circumstellar matter; ISM : individual objects : L1489 IRS; submillimeter ID AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MASS PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; CLASS-I PROTOSTARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; T-TAURI; LINE OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; EVOLUTION; CORES AB Context. Circumstellar disks are expected to form early in the process that leads to the formation of a young star, during the collapse of the dense molecular cloud core. Currently, it is not well understood at what stage of the collapse the disk is formed or how it subsequently evolves. Aims. We aim to identify whether an embedded Keplerian protoplanetary disk resides in the L1489 IRS system. Given the amount of envelope material still present, such a disk would respresent a very young example of a protoplanetary disk. Methods. Using the Submillimeter Array we have observed the HCO+ J = 3-2 line with a resolution of about 1 ''. At this resolution a protoplanetary disk with a radius of a few hundred AUs should be detectable, if present. Radiative transfer tools are used to model the emission from both continuum and line data. Results. We find that these data are consistent with theoretical models of a collapsing envelope and Keplerian circumstellar disk. Models reproducing both the spectral energy distribution and the interferometric continuum observations reveal that the disk is inclined by 40 degrees, which is significantly different to the surrounding envelope (74 degrees). Conclusions. This misalignment of the angular momentum axes may be caused by a gradient within the angular momentum in the parental cloud, or if L1489 IRS is a binary system rather than just a single star. In the latter case, future observations looking for variability at sub-arcsecond scales may be able to constrain these dynamical variations directly. However, if stars form from turbulent cores, the accreting material will not have a constant angular momentum axis ( although the average is well defined and conserved), in which case it is more likely to have a misalignment of the angular momentum axes of the disk and the envelope. C1 Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astrom, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Brinch, C (reprint author), Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM brinch@strw.leidenuniv.nl RI Brinch, Christian/G-5157-2015 OI Brinch, Christian/0000-0002-5074-7183 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 475 IS 3 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078249 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231KO UT WOS:000250945900016 ER PT J AU Leurini, S Beuther, H Schilke, P Wyrowski, F Zhang, Q Menten, KM AF Leurini, S. Beuther, H. Schilke, P. Wyrowski, F. Zhang, Q. Menten, K. M. TI Multi-line (sub)millimetre observations of the high-mass proto cluster IRAS 05358+3543 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; stars : early type; stars : individual : IRAS 05358+3543; ISM : molecules ID ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; LUMINOUS IRAS SOURCES; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; H II REGIONS; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; HOT CORE; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS AB Context. Since most high-and intermediate-mass protostars are at great distance and form in clusters, high linear resolution observations are needed to investigate their physical properties. Aims. To study the gas in the innermost region around the protostars in the proto-cluster IRAS 05358+3543, we observed the source in several transitions of methanol and other molecular species with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and the Submillimeter Array, reaching a linear resolution of 1100 AU. Methods. We determine the kinetic temperature of the gas around the protostars through an LVG and LTE analysis of their molecular emission; the column densities of CH3OH, CH3CN and SO2 are also derived. Constraints on the density of the gas are estimated for two of the protostellar cores. Results. We find that the dust condensations are in various evolutionary stages. The powerhouse of the cluster, mm1a, harbours a hot core with T similar to 220 (75 < T < 330) K. A double-peaked profile is detected in several transitions toward mm1a, and we found a velocity gradient along a linear structure which could be perpendicular to one of the outflows from the vicinity of mm1a. Since the size of the double-peaked emission is less than 1100 AU, we suggest that mm1a might host a massive circumstellar disk. The other sources are in earlier stages of star formation. The least active source, mm3, could be a starless massive core, since it is cold ( T < 20 K), with a large reservoir of accreting material ( M similar to 19 M-circle dot), but no molecular emission peaks on it. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Leurini, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. EM sleurini@eso.org OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 58 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 475 IS 3 BP 925 EP 939 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077977 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231KO UT WOS:000250945900017 ER PT J AU Forbrich, J Preibisch, T AF Forbrich, J. Preibisch, T. TI Coronae in the Coronet: a very deep X-ray look into a stellar nursery SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE stars : pre-main sequence; stars : activity; stars : magnetic fields; X-rays : stars ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; AUSTRALIS MOLECULAR CLOUD; CANDIDATE BROWN DWARFS; MAIN-SEQUENCE TRACKS; CLASS-I PROTOSTARS; SOLAR-LIKE STARS; CRA DARK CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR AB Aims. To study the X-ray properties of young stellar objects (YSOs), we analyze an exceptionally sensitive Chandra dataset of the Coronet cluster in the CrA star-forming region, achieving a limiting luminosity of L-X,L- min similar to 5 x 10(26) erg/ s for lightly absorbed sources. This dataset represents one of the most sensitive X- ray observations ever obtained of a star-forming region. Methods. The X- ray data are used to investigate the membership status of tentative members of the region, to derive plasma temperatures and X- ray luminosities of the YSOs, and to investigate variability on the timescale of several years. Results. 46 of the 92 X- ray sources in the merged Chandra image can be identified with optical or near/mid-infrared counterparts. X- ray emission is detected from all of the previously known optically visible late-type ( spectral types G to M) stellar cluster members, from five of the eight brown dwarf candidates, and from nine embedded objects ("protostars") with class 0, class I, or flat-spectrum spectral-energy distributions ( SEDs) in the field of view. While the Herbig Ae/Be stars TY CrA and R CrA, a close companion of the B9e star HD 176386, and the F0e star T CrA are detected, no X- ray emission is found from any of the Herbig-Haro ( HH) objects or the protostellar cores without infrared source. We find indications for diffuse X- ray emission near R CrA/IRS 7. Conclusions. The observed X- ray properties of the Coronet YSOs are consistent with coronal activity; soft spectral components hinting towards X- ray emission from accretion shocks were not found. The X- ray emission of the AeBe stars TY CrA and HD 176386 probably originates from close late-type companions. The Ae star R CrA shows a peculiar X- ray spectrum and an extremely hot plasma temperature. Finally, we discuss the differences of the X- ray properties of YSOs in different evolutionary stages. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Inst Astrophys, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Sternwarte Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Forbrich, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jforbrich@cfa.harvard.edu NR 101 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 475 IS 3 BP 959 EP U65 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066342 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231KO UT WOS:000250945900020 ER PT J AU Boissier, J Bockelee-Morvan, D Biver, N Crovisier, J Despois, D Marsden, BG Moreno, R AF Boissier, J. Bockelee-Morvan, D. Biver, N. Crovisier, J. Despois, D. Marsden, B. G. Moreno, R. TI Interferometric imaging of the sulfur-bearing molecules H2S, SO, and CS in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE comets : individual : C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp); radio lines : solar system; techniques : interferometric ID 1995 O1; HCN; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERE; HYAKUTAKE; JETS; SO2 AB Context. We present observations of rotational lines of H2S, SO, and CS performed in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) in March 1997 with the Plateau de Bure interferometer of Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique (IRAM). Aims. The observations provide informations on the spatial and velocity distributions of these molecules. They can be used to constrain their photodissociation rate and their origin in the coma, i.e. nucleus or parent source. Methods. We use a radiative transfer code which allows us to compute synthetic line profiles and interferometric maps, to be compared to the observations. Results. Both single-dish spectra and interferometric spectral maps show evidence for a day/night asymmetry in the outgassing. From the analysis of the spectral maps, including the astrometry, we show that SO and CS present in addition a jet-like structure that may be the gaseous counterpart of the dust high-latitude jet observed in optical images. A CS rotating jet is also observed. Using the astrometry provided by continuum radio maps obtained in parallel at IRAM, we conclude that there is no need to invoke the existence of nongravitational forces acting on this comet, and provide an updated orbit. The radial extension of H2S is found to be consistent with direct release of H2S from the nucleus. SO displays an extended radial distribution. Assuming that SO2 is the parent of SO, the photodissociation rate of SO is measured to be 1.5 x 10(-4) s(-1) at 1 AU from the Sun. This is lower than most laboratory-based estimates and may suggest that SO is not solely produced by SO2 photolysis. From the observations of J(2-1) and J(5-4) CS lines, we deduce a CS photodissociation rate of 1-5 x 10(-5) s(-1). The photodissociation rate of CS2, the likely parent of CS, cannot be constrained due to insuffcient angular resolution, but our data are consistent with published values. Conclusions. These observations illustrate the cometary science that will be performed with the future ALMA interferometer. C1 Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33270 Floirac, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Boissier, J (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM jeremie.boissier@obspm.fr NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 475 IS 3 BP 1131 EP 1144 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078380 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231KO UT WOS:000250945900037 ER PT J AU Fish, VL Reid, MJ AF Fish, Vincent L. Reid, Mark J. TI Proper motions of oh masers and magnetic fields in massive star-forming regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; magnetic fields; masers; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation ID H-II REGIONS; INTERSTELLAR HYDROXYL MASERS; RADIO RECOMBINATION LINE; FULL-POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS; ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; HIGH-SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; GHZ METHANOL MASERS; AMMONIA MASER; CEPHEUS-A; DYNAMICAL COLLAPSE AB We present data of proper motions of OH masers in the massive star-forming regions ON 1, K3-50, and W51 Main/South. OH maser motions in ON 1 are consistent with expansion at approximately 5 kms(-1), likely tracing the expanding ultracompact H II region. Motions in K3-50 are faster and may be indicating the final stages of OH maser emission in the source, before the OH masers turn off as the H II region transitions from the ultracompact to the compact phase. W51 South shows indications of aspherical expansion, while motions in W51 Main are more difficult to interpret. Nevertheless, it appears that the relative projected separation between W51Main and W51 South is decreasing, corresponding to an estimate of enclosed mass of at least 1500 M-circle dot, consistent with estimates derived from millimeter-wavelength dust emission. We confirm the similar to 20 mG magnetic fields previously seen in W51Main, which may represent the upper end of the density range allowable for 1665 MHz maser emission. Magnetic field strengths and directions, obtained from Zeeman splitting, in each source are consistent with values obtained in the first epoch 4-9 yr ago. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fish, VL (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM vfish@nrao.edu; reid@cfa.harvard.edu NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1159 EP 1172 DI 10.1086/522329 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300023 ER PT J AU Lee, CF Ho, PTP Palau, A Hirano, N Bourke, TL Shang, H Zhang, QZ AF Lee, Chin-Fei Ho, Paul T. P. Palau, Aina Hirano, Naomi Bourke, Tyler L. Shang, Hsien Zhang, Qizhou TI Submillimeter arcsecond-resolution mapping of the highly collimated protostellar jet HH 211 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (HH 211); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; CLASS-0 SOURCES; PROTOSTARS; EMISSION; CLOUDS; WINDS; ARRAY; SIMULATIONS; PHOTOMETRY AB We have mapped the protostellar jet HH 211 in 342 GHz continuum, SiO(J = 8-7), and CO(J = 3-2) emission at similar to 1 '' resolution with the Submillimeter Array. Thermal dust emission is seen in continuum at the center of the jet, tracing an envelope and a possible optically thick compact disk (with a size < 130 AU) around the protostar. A knotty jet is seen in CO and SiO as in H-2, but extending closer to the protostar. It consists of a chain of knots on each side of the protostar, with an interknot spacing of similar to 2 ''-3 '' or 600-900 AU and the innermost pair of knots at only similar to 1.7 '' or 535 AU from the protostar. These knots likely trace unresolved internal (bow) shocks (i.e., working surfaces) in the jet, with a velocity range up to similar to 25 km s(-1). The two-sided mass-loss rate of the jet is estimated to be similar to(0.7-2.8)x10(-6) M(circle dot)yr(-1). The jet is episodic, precessing, and bending. A velocity gradient is seen consistently across two bright SiO knots (BK3 and RK2) perpendicular to the jet axis, with similar to 1.5 +/- 0.8 km s(-1) at similar to 30 +/- 15AU, suggesting the presence of jet rotation. The launching radius of the jet, derived from the potential jet rotation, is similar to 0.15-0.06 AU in the inner disk. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fundamental, INTA, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. RP Lee, CF (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, PO Box 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cflee@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 42 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1188 EP 1197 DI 10.1086/522333 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300026 ER PT J AU Boden, AF Torres, G Sargent, AI Akeson, RL Carpenter, JM Boboltz, DA Massi, M Ghez, AM Latham, DW Johnston, KJ Menten, KM Ros, E AF Boden, Andrew F. Torres, Guillermo Sargent, Anneila I. Akeson, Rachel L. Carpenter, John M. Boboltz, David A. Massi, Maria Ghez, Andrea M. Latham, David W. Johnston, Kenneth J. Menten, Karl M. Ros, Eduardo TI Dynamical masses for pre-main-sequence stars: A preliminary physical orbit for V773 Tau A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (V773 Tau); stars : pre-main-sequence ID STANDARD STELLAR LIBRARY; DENSE CLOUD CORES; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS; (CO)-O-18 SURVEY; RADIO-EMISSION; V-773 TAURI; 12 BOOTIS; MODELS; AURIGA AB We report on interferometric and radial velocity observations of the double- lined 51 day period binary (A) component of the quadruple pre-main-sequence (PMS) system V773 Tau. With these observations we have estimated preliminary visual and physical orbits of the V773 Tau A subsystem. Among other parameters, our orbit model includes an inclination of 66.0 degrees +/- 2.4 degrees and allows us to infer the component dynamical masses and system distance. In particular, we find component masses of 1.54 +/- 0.14 and 1.332 +/- 0.097M(circle dot) for the Aa (primary) and Ab (secondary) components, respectively. Our modeling of the subsystem component spectral energy distributions finds temperatures and luminosities consistent with previous studies and, coupled with the component mass estimates, allows for comparison with PMS stellar models in the intermediate- mass range. We compare V773 Tau A component properties with several popular solar composition models for intermediate-mass PMS stars. All models predict masses consistent to within 2 sigma of the dynamically determined values, although some models predict values that are more consistent than others. C1 CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Boden, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bode@ipac.caltech.edu OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1214 EP 1224 DI 10.1086/521296 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300028 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, S Gaensler, BM Melatos, A Brisken, WF Stappers, BW AF Chatterjee, S. Gaensler, B. M. Melatos, A. Brisken, W. F. Stappers, B. W. TI Pulsed X-ray emission from pulsar a in the double pulsar system j0737-3039 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (J0737-3039A, J0737-3039B); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; UNPULSED RADIO-EMISSION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; PSR B1259-63; WIND; NEBULA; RADIATION; CHANDRA; MODULATION AB The double pulsar system J0737-3039 is not only a test bed for general relativity and theories of gravity, but also provides a unique laboratory for probing the relativistic winds of neutron stars. Recent X-ray observations have revealed a point source at the position of the J0737-3039 system, but have failed to detect pulsations or orbital modulation. Here we report on Chandra X- Ray Observatory High Resolution Camera observations of the double pulsar. We detect deeply modulated, double-peaked X-ray pulses at the period of PSR J0737-3039A, similar in appearance to the observed radio pulses. The pulsed fraction is similar to 70%. Purely nonthermal emission from pulsar A plausibly accounts for our observations. However, the X-ray pulse morphology of A, in combination with previously reported spectral properties of the X-ray emission, allows the existence of both nonthermal magnetospheric emission and a broad sinusoidal thermal emission component from the neutron star surface. No pulsations are detected from pulsar B, and there is no evidence for orbital modulation or extended nebular structure. The absence of orbital modulation is consistent with theoretical expectations of a Poynting-dominated relativistic wind at the termination shock between the magnetosphere of B and the wind from A and with the small fraction of the energy outflow from A intercepted by the termination shock. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Stichting ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM auchatterjee@usyd.edu; bgaensler@usyd.edu.au; amelatos@physics.unimelb.edu.au; wbrisken@aoc.nrao.edu; stappers@astron.nl RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1301 EP 1306 DI 10.1086/522298 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300038 ER PT J AU Loinard, L Chandler, CJ Rodriguez, LF D'Alessio, P Brogan, CL Wilner, DJ Ho, PTP AF Loinard, Laurent Chandler, Claire J. Rodriguez, Luis F. D'Alessio, Paola Brogan, Crystal L. Wilner, David J. Ho, Paul T. P. TI New radio sources and the composite structure of component B in the very young protostellar system IRAS 16293-2422 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : general; radio continuum : stars; stars : formation; stars : individual (IRAS 16293-2422) ID LARGE PROPER MOTIONS; MASS STAR-FORMATION; HOT CORE; IRAS-16293-2422; JET; MULTIPLICITY; RESOLUTION; EMISSION; OUTFLOW AB In this article we report high-resolution (similar to 0.1 ''-0.3 ''), high-sensitivity (similar to 50-100 mu Jy beam(-1)) Very Large Array 0.7 and 1.3 cm observations of the young stellar system IRAS 16293-2422 in rho Ophiuchus. In the 0.7 cm image, component A to the southeast of the system looks like its usual binary self. In the new 1.3 cm image, however, component A2 appears to have split into two subcomponents located roughly symmetrically around the original position of A2. This change of morphology is likely the result of a recent bipolar ejection, one of the very first such events observed in a low-mass source. Also in component A, a marginal detection of 0.7 cm emission associated with the sub-millimeter component Ab is reported. If confirmed, this detection would imply that Ab is a relatively extended dusty structure, where grain coagulation may already have taken place. With an angular size increasing with frequency, and an overall spectral index of 2, the emission from component B to the northwest of the system is confirmed to be dominated by optically thick thermal dust emission associated with a fairly massive, nearly face-on, circumstellar disk. In the central region, however, we find evidence for a modest free-free contribution that originates in a structure elongated roughly in the east-west direction. We argue that this free-free component traces the base of the jet driving the largescale bipolar flow at a position angle of about 110 degrees that has long been known to be powered by IRAS 16293-2422. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Loinard, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Apartado Postal 72-3, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM l.loinard@astrosmo.unam.mx; cchandle@nrao.edu; l.rodriguez@astrosmo.unam.mx; p.dalessio@astrosmo.unam.mx; cbrogan@nrao.edu; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu; pho@cfa.harvard.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1353 EP 1360 DI 10.1086/522568 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300045 ER PT J AU Morgan, CW Kochanek, CS Morgan, ND Falco, EE AF Morgan, Christopher W. Kochanek, C. S. Morgan, Nicholas D. Falco, Emilio E. TI Microlensing of the lensed quasar sdss 0924+ 0219 (vol 647, pg 874, 2006) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morgan, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1518 EP 1520 DI 10.1086/521273 PN 1 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300059 ER PT J AU Espaillat, C Calvet, N D'Alessio, P Hernandez, J Qi, C Hartmann, L Furlan, E Watson, DM AF Espaillat, C. Calvet, N. D'Alessio, P. Hernandez, J. Qi, C. Hartmann, L. Furlan, E. Watson, D. M. TI On the diversity of the Taurus transitional disks: UX Tauri A and LkCa 15 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; PROTOPLANETARY ACCRETION DISKS; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; DUST DISKS; SPITZER; PLANET; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION AB The recently recognized class of "transitional disk" systems consists of young stars with optically thick outer disks but inner disks which are mostly devoid of small dust grains. Here we introduce a further class of "pre-transitional disks" with significant near-infrared excesses which indicate the presence of an optically thick inner disk separated from an optically thick outer disk; thus, the spectral energy distributions of pre-transitional disks suggest the incipient development of disk gaps rather than inner holes. In UX Tau A, our analysis of the Spitzer IRS spectrum finds that the near-infrared excess is produced by an inner optically thick disk and that a gap of similar to 56 AU is present. The Spitzer IRS spectrum of LkCa 15 is suggestive of a gap of similar to 46 AU, confirming previous millimeter imaging. In addition, UX Tau A contains crystalline silicates in its disk at radii greater than or similar to 56 AU which poses a challenge to our understanding of the production of this crystalline material. In contrast, LkCa 15's silicates are amorphous and pristine. UX Tau A and LkCa 15 increase our knowledge of the diversity of dust clearing in low-mass star formation. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Ctr Invest Astron, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, NASA Astrol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Espaillat, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 830 Dennison Bldg,500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ccespa@umich.edu; ncalvet@umich.edu; p.dalessio@astrosmo.unam.mx; hernandj@umich.edu; cqi@cfa.harvard.edu; lhartm@umich.edu; furlan@astro.ucla.edu; dmw@astro.pas.rochester.edu OI Furlan, Elise/0000-0001-9800-6248 NR 39 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP L135 EP L138 DI 10.1086/524360 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MN UT WOS:000251238500016 ER PT J AU Hardcastle, MJ Kraft, RP Sivakoff, GR Goodger, JL Croston, JH Jordan, A Evans, DA Worrall, DM Birkinshaw, M Raychaudhury, S Brassington, NJ Forman, WR Harris, WE Jones, C Juett, AM Murray, SS Nulsen, PEJ Sarazin, CL Woodley, KA AF Hardcastle, M. J. Kraft, R. P. Sivakoff, G. R. Goodger, J. L. Croston, J. H. Jordan, A. Evans, D. A. Worrall, D. M. Birkinshaw, M. Raychaudhury, S. Brassington, N. J. Forman, W. R. Harris, W. E. Jones, C. Juett, A. M. Murray, S. S. Nulsen, P. E. J. Sarazin, C. L. Woodley, K. A. TI New results on particle acceleration in the Centaurus a jet and counterjet from a deep Chandra observation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (Centaurus A); galaxies : jets; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY JET; EMISSION; RADIO AB We present new deep Chandra observations of the Centaurus A jet, with a combined on-source exposure time of 719 ks. These data allow detailed X-ray spectral measurements to be made along the jet out to its disappearance at 4.5 kpc from the nucleus. We distinguish several regimes of high-energy particle acceleration; while the inner part of the jet is dominated by knots and has properties consistent with local particle acceleration at shocks, the particle acceleration in the outer 3.4 kpc of the jet is likely to be dominated by an unknown distributed acceleration mechanism. In addition to several compact counterjet features, we detect probable extended emission from a counterjet out to 2.0 kpc from the nucleus and argue that this implies that the diffuse acceleration process operates in the counterjet as well. A preliminary search for X-ray variability finds no jet knots with dramatic flux density variations, unlike the situation seen in M87. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Astron & Math, Sch Phys, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. European So Observ, Munich, Germany. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Hardcastle, MJ (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Astron & Math, Sch Phys, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM m.j.hardcastle@herts.ac.uk; kraft@head.cfa.harvard.edu; sivakoff@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; j.l.goodger@herts.ac.uk; j.h.croston@herts.ac.uk; ajordan@cfa.harvard.edu; devans@cfa.harvard.edu; d.m.worrall@bristol.ac.uk; mark.birkinshaw@bristol.ac.uk; somak@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; nbrassington@cfa.harvard.edu; wforman@cfa.harvard.edu; harris@physics.mcmaster.ca; cjones@cfa.harvard.edu; ajuett@virginia.edu; ssm@cfa.harvard.edu; pnulsen@cfa.harvard.edu; sarazin@virginia.edu; woodleka@physics.mcmaster.ca RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X; Goodger, Joanna/0000-0002-5738-4768; Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944 NR 17 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP L81 EP L84 DI 10.1086/524197 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MN UT WOS:000251238500003 ER PT J AU Park, S Hughes, JP Slane, PO Burrows, DN Gaensler, BM Ghavamian, P AF Park, Sangwook Hughes, John P. Slane, Patrick O. Burrows, David N. Gaensler, B. M. Ghavamian, Parviz TI A half-megasecond Chandra observation of the oxygen-rich supernova remnant G292.0+1.8 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (G292.0+1.8); pulsars : individual (J1124-5916); supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID PULSAR WIND NEBULA; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; VELOCITY VECTORS; PSR J1124-5916; EJECTA; CONSTRAINTS; PROGENITOR; ALIGNMENT; EVOLUTION; ROTATION AB We report on our initial analysis of a deep 510 ks observation of the Galactic oxygen-rich supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0 + 1.8 with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Our new Chandra ACIS-I observation has a larger field of view and an order of magnitude deeper exposure than that of the previous Chandra observation, which allows us to cover the entire SNR and to detect new metal-rich ejecta features. We find a highly nonuniform distribution of thermodynamic conditions of the X-ray-emitting hot gas that correlates well with the optical [O III] emission, suggesting the possibility that the originating supernova explosion of G292.0 + 1.8 was itself asymmetric. We also reveal spectacular substructures of a torus, a jet, and an extended central compact nebula, all associated with the embedded pulsar J1124-5916. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM park@astro.psu.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/524406 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235MN UT WOS:000251238500013 ER PT J AU Hoke, KL Ryan, MJ Wilczynski, W AF Hoke, Kim L. Ryan, Michael J. Wilczynski, Walter TI Functional coupling between substantia Nigra and basal ganglia homologues in amphibians SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anuran; basal ganglia; tyrosine hydroxylase; immediate-early gene expression; egr-1 ID NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; DOPAMINERGIC MODULATION; BULLFROG STRIATUM; LEOPARD FROG; RANA-PIPIENS; BEHAVIOR; ORGANIZATION; CONNECTIONS; BRAIN; TELENCEPHALON AB Neuroanatomical and pharmacological experiments support the existence of a homologue of the mammalian substantia nigra-basal ganglia circuit in the amphibian brain. Demarcation of borders between the striatum and pallidum in frogs, however, has been contentious, and direct evidence of functional coupling between the putative nigral and striatal homologues is lacking. To clarify basal ganglia function in anurans, the authors used expression of immediate-early gene egr-1 as a marker of neural activation in the basal ganglia of tungara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus). Regional variation in egr-1 mRNA levels distinguished striatal and pallidal portions of the basal ganglia and supported the grouping of the striatopallidal transition zone with the dorsal pallidum. As further evidence for a functional coupling between the dopaminergic cells in the posterior tuberculum (the putative substantia nigra homologue) and the basal ganglia, a positive relationship was demonstrated between the size of the dopaminergic cell population and the neural activation levels within the dorsal pallidum. C1 Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr Behav Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Hoke, KL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM khoke@psych.stanford.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH057066, R01 MH057066-08, MH057066] NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7044 J9 BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Behav. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1399 DI 10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1393 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 237QO UT WOS:000251391200027 PM 18085893 ER PT J AU Paul, VJ Arthur, KE Ritson-Williams, R Ross, C Sharp, K AF Paul, Valerie J. Arthur, Karen E. Ritson-Williams, Raphael Ross, Cliff Sharp, Koty TI Chemical defenses: From compounds to communities SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ALGA CAULERPA-TAXIFOLIA; CYANOBACTERIUM-LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; BRYOZOAN BUGULA-NERITINA; CANDIDATUS ENDOBUGULA SERTULA; DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM-LIMA; HARE STYLOCHEILUS-LONGICAUDA; SPONGE ACANTHELLA-CAVERNOSA; RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; OKADAIC ACID CLASS AB Marine natural products play critical roles in the chemical defense of many marine organisms and in some cases can influence the community structure of entire ecosystems. Although many marine natural products have been studied for biomedical activity, yielding important information about their biochemical effects and mechanisms of action, much less is known about ecological functions. The way in which marine consumers perceive chemical defenses can influence their health and survival and determine whether some natural products persist through a food chain. This article focuses on selected marine natural products, including okadaic acid, brevetoxins, lyngbyatoxin A, caulerpenyne, bryostatins, and isocyano terpenes, and examines their biosynthesis (sometimes by symbiotic microorganisms), mechanisms of action, and biological and ecological activity. We selected these compounds because their impacts on marine organisms and communities are some of the best-studied among marine natural products. We discuss the effects of these compounds on consumer behavior and physiology, with an emphasis on neuroecology. In addition to mediating a variety of trophic interactions, these compounds may be responsible for community-scale ecological impacts of chemically defended organisms, such as shifts in benthic and pelagic community composition. Our examples include harmful algal blooms; the invasion of the Mediterranean by Caulerpa taxifolia; overgrowth of coral reefs by chemically rich macroalgae and cyanobacteria; and invertebrate chemical defenses, including the role of microbial symbionts in compound production. C1 [Paul, Valerie J.; Arthur, Karen E.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Ross, Cliff; Sharp, Koty] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM paul@si.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012; Ross, Cliff/B-8291-2011 NR 319 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 5 U2 99 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 213 IS 3 BP 226 EP 251 PG 26 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 244KU UT WOS:000251865600003 PM 18083964 ER PT J AU Lorence, DH Wagner, WL Mouly, A Florence, J AF Lorence, David H. Wagner, Warren L. Mouly, Arnaud Florence, Jacques TI Revision of Ixora (Rubiaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE conservation; endemism; Ixoreae; myrmecophily AB During the preparation of the Vascular Flora of the Marquesas Islands and Flore de la Polynesie francaise, four new species of Ixora L. ( Rubiaceae) have come to light and are described and illustrated herein: Ixora jourdanii Mouly & J.Florence, Ixora tahuataensis Mouly & J.Florence, Ixora uahukaensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner, and Ixora uapouensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner. In addition to these new taxa, the following three species of Ixora previously described from the Marquesas are recognized: Ixora marquesensis F. Br., Ixora ooumuensis J.Florence, and Ixora spathoidea F. Br. As the Marquesan environment is under serious threat from human impact, feral animals and weeds, the conservation status was estimated for each Ixora species. It is concluded that all Marquesan taxa are in need of inclusion in the IUCN Red List, their status ranging from endangered to critically endangered. (c) 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 155, 581-597. C1 Natl Trop Bot Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Syst & Evolut, Natl Herbarium, CNRS,UMS 2700, F-75231 Paris, France. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Inst Rech Dev, US 084 BIODIVAL, Buffalo, NY 75231 USA. RP Florence, J (reprint author), Natl Trop Bot Garden, 3530 papalina Rd, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. EM lorence@ntbg.org NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 155 IS 4 BP 581 EP 597 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 237ZB UT WOS:000251414600016 ER PT J AU Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Kurtz, MJ Thompson, DM Murray, SS AF Eichhorn, Guenther Accomazzi, Alberto Grant, Carolyn S. Kurtz, Michael J. Thompson, Donna M. Murray, Stephen S. TI Access to the literature and connection to on-line data SO BULLETIN OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd UN/NASA Workshop on International Heliophysical Year and Basic Space Science CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP India Inst Astrophys, UN, NASA DE digital libraries; data access; literature search system ID ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM AB The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) provides access to the astronomical literature through the World Wide Web. It is a NASA funded project and access to all the ADS services is free to everybody world-wide. It can be accessed without login through any web browser. The ADS Abstract Service allows the searching of three databases with abstracts in Astronomy (including Astrophysics, Planetary Sciences, and Solar Physics), Physics/Geosciences, and the arXiv E-prints from Cornell, with a total of over 5 million references. The system also provides access to reference and citation information, links to on-line data, electronic journal articles, and other on-line information. The ADS Article Service contains the full articles for most of the astronomical literature back to volume 1. It contains the scanned pages of all the major Astronomy journals (Astrophysical Journal, Astronomical Journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, and Solar Physics), as well as most smaller journals back to volume 1. In order to improve access from different parts of the world, we have set up 12 mirror sites of the ADS in different countries in Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas. C1 [Eichhorn, Guenther; Accomazzi, Alberto; Grant, Carolyn S.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Thompson, Donna M.; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eichhorn, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM Guenther.Eichhorn@Springer.com RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009 OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIAN INST ASTROPHYSICS PI BANGALORE PA G C ANUPAMA EDITOR, BANGALORE, 560 034, INDIA SN 0304-9523 J9 B ASTRON SOC INDIA JI Bull. Astron. Soc. India. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290ZS UT WOS:000255162700039 ER PT J AU Wise, MA AF Wise, Michael A. TI Crystallization of 'pocket' berthierine from the pulsifer granitic pegmatite, Poland, Maine, USA SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE berthierine; granitic pegmatite; miarolitic cavity; hydrothermal fluids; pillsifer; Maine ID CENTRAL TRANSBAIKALIA; BERYLLIAN CORDIERITE; CRETACEOUS LATERITE; FE-BERTHIERINE; CALIFORNIA; STABILITY; CHLORITE; CHAMOSITE; PHYLLOSILICATES; ASSEMBLAGE AB A new occurrence of berthierine has been found in the Pulsifer granitic pegmatite, near Auburn, Maine. Berthierine was found in miarolitic cavities ('pockets') as aggregates of radial platy crystals with albite, as fracture-fillings in microcline and as fine-grained anhedral flakes with muscovite. Berthierine samples from all associations are depleted in Mg, but show variable enrichment in Mn. The textural relationships of the berthierine assemblage indicate that its formation is probably related to the dissolution of microcline in the presence of a low-temperature, neutral to alkaline, Fe-rich hydrothermal solution. This mode of occurrence is in direct contrast to the typical formation of berthierine in granitic pegmatites that is generally related to the alteration of cordierite-group minerals. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wise, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wisem@si.edu NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 EI 1552-8367 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 583 EP 592 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550605 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 246FJ UT WOS:000251992600005 ER PT J AU Prathapan, KD Konstantinov, AS AF Prathapan, K. D. Konstantinov, A. S. TI Yaminia, a new genus of flea beetle from the oriental region (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB A new genus and species of flea beetle, Yaminia gmelini Prathapan and Konstantinov, from southern India, is described and illustrated with comparative notes and host plant information. C1 [Prathapan, K. D.] Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. [Konstantinov, A. S.] USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Prathapan, KD (reprint author), Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Vellayani PO, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. EM prathapankd@gmail.com; alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 574 EP 580 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[574:YANGOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251CX UT WOS:000252349500015 ER PT J AU Jaramillo-Legorreta, A Rojas-Bracho, L Brownell, RL Read, AJ Reeves, RR Ralls, K Taylor, BL AF Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Read, Andrew J. Reeves, Randall R. Ralls, Katherine Taylor, Barbara L. TI Saving the vaquita: Immediate action, not more data SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION; POWER C1 [Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] CICESE, INE, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.; Taylor, Barbara L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ, Canada. [Ralls, Katherine] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Jaramillo-Legorreta, A (reprint author), CICESE, INE, Km 107 Carretera Ensenada Tijuana, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. NR 8 TC 51 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1655 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00825.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242ZH UT WOS:000251764200037 PM 18173491 ER PT J AU Macintyre, IG Toscano, MA AF Macintyre, I. G. Toscano, M. A. TI The Elkhorn Coral Acropora palmata is coming back to the Belize barriel Reef SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE C1 [Macintyre, I. G.; Toscano, M. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, NMNH, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Toscano, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, NMNH, MRC 121, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM toscanom@si.edu NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 757 EP 757 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0268-0 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 240HS UT WOS:000251579300003 ER PT J AU Macintyre, IG Glynn, PW Toscano, MA AF Macintyre, I. G. Glynn, P. W. Toscano, M. A. TI The demise of a major Acropora palmata bank-barrier reef off the southeast coast of Barbados, West Indies SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; storm damage; reef demise; algal cover ID INTERTIDAL MANGROVE PEAT; CALIBRATED C-14 DATES; STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS; JAMAICAN CORAL REEFS; SEA-LEVEL CURVE; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; HOLOCENE DEVELOPMENT; PLEISTOCENE CORAL; ST-CROIX; ZONATION AB Formerly attributed to human activity, the demise of a bank-barrier reef off southeastern Barbados known as Cobbler's Reef is now thought to be largely the result of late Holocene, millennial-scale storm damage. Eleven surface samples of the reef crest coral Acropora palmata from nine sites along its 15-km length plot above the western Atlantic sea-level curve frorn 3,000 to 4,500 cal years ago (calibrated, calendar C-14 years). These elevated clusters suggest that the reef complex suffered extensive storm damage during this period. The constant heavy wave action typical of this area and consequent low herbivory maintain conditions favoring algal growth, thereby limiting the reestablishment of post-storm reef framework. Site descriptions and detailed line surveys show a surface now composed mainly of reworked fragments of A. palmata covered with algal turf, macroalgae and crustose coralline algae. The reef contains no live A. palmata and only a few scattered coral colonies consisting primarily of Diploria spp. and Porites astreoides, along with the hydrocoral Millepora complanata. A few in situ framework dates plot at expected depths for normal coral growth below the sea-level curve during and after the period of intense storm activity. The most recent of these in situ samples are 320 and 400 cal years old. Corals of this late period likely succumbed to high turbidity associated with land clearance for sugarcane agriculture in the mid-1600s. C1 [Macintyre, I. G.; Toscano, M. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Glynn, P. W.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Macintyre, IG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 121, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM macintyr@si.edu NR 52 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 765 EP 773 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0259-1 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 240HS UT WOS:000251579300005 ER PT J AU Littler, MM Littler, DS Brooks, BL Lapointe, BE AF Littler, M. M. Littler, D. S. Brooks, B. L. Lapointe, B. E. TI Unusual linear arrays of the coral reef macrophyte Halimeda incrassata in the Bahamas SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Littler, M. M.; Littler, D. S.; Brooks, B. L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lapointe, B. E.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Coastal Res, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Littler, MM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM littlerm@si.edu RI Brooks, Barrett/C-5306-2008 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 817 EP 818 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0282-2 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 240HS UT WOS:000251579300010 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Feller, IC Ball, MC Ellis, J Sorrell, B AF Lovelock, C. E. Feller, I. C. Ball, M. C. Ellis, J. Sorrell, B. TI Testing the growth rate vs. geochemical hypothesis for latitudinal variation in plant nutrients SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ecological stoichiometry; N : P ratio; nitrogen; nutrient resorption; phosphorus ID N-P STOICHIOMETRY; MANGROVE FOREST; BIOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; RESORPTION; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURE; LIMITATION; LEAVES AB Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain increases in plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations with latitude: (i) geochemical limitation to P availability in the tropics and (ii) temperature driven variation in growth rate, where greater growth rates (requiring greater nutrient levels) are needed to complete growth and reproduction within shorter growing seasons in temperate than tropical climates. These two hypotheses were assessed in one forest type, intertidal mangroves, using fertilized plots at sites between latitudes 36O S and 27O N. The N and P concentrations in mangrove leaf tissue increased with latitude, but there were no trends in N : P ratios. Growth rates of trees, adjusted for average minimum temperature showed a significant increase with latitude supporting the Growth Rate Hypothesis. However, support for the Geochemical Hypothesis was also strong; both photosynthetic P use efficiency and nutrient resorption efficiency decreased with increasing latitude, indicating that P was less limiting to metabolism at the higher latitudes. Our study supports the hypothesis that historically low P availability in the tropics has been an important selective pressure shaping the evolution of plant traits. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20132 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Ecosyst Dynam Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Ball, Marilyn/D-1180-2009; Sorrell, Brian/L-1351-2013; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; OI Sorrell, Brian/0000-0002-2460-8438; Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 52 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1154 EP 1163 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01112.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228BB UT WOS:000250700800005 PM 17927772 ER PT J AU Hribar, LJ Henry, TJ AF Hribar, Lawrence J. Henry, Thomas J. TI Empicoris subpapallelus (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Reduviidae), a predatory bug new to the fauna of Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Florida keys; Reduviidae; new record ID UNITED-STATES; 1ST REPORT; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; RECORD AB The predatory hemipteran Empicoris subparallelus McAtee and Malloch, belonging to the family Reduviidae, subfamily Emesinae, is reported from Grassy Key, Key Largo, Long Point Key, and No Name Key in the Florida Keys, Monroe County, Florida. This is a new species record for the Florida fauna, and only the second state record for the United States. A diagnosis, description, and digital images of the adult are provided to help distinguish this species from other species of Empicoris in Florida. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, ARS, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hribar, LJ (reprint author), Florida Keys Control Dist,506 106th St, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 738 EP 741 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[738:ESHHRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200020 ER PT J AU Eaton-Magana, S Post, JE Heaney, PJ Walters, RA Breeding, CM Butler, JE AF Eaton-Magana, Sally Post, Jeffrey E. Heaney, Peter J. Walters, Roy A. Breeding, Christopher M. Butler, James E. TI Fluorescence spectra of colored diamonds using a rapid, mobile spectrometer SO GEMS & GEMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION; DEFECT INTERACTIONS; LUMINESCENCE; NITROGEN; CENTERS AB Numerous natural-color colored diamonds from the Aurora Butterfly of Peace and other collections were studied using a new type of fluorescence spectrometer that has many advantages for gemological research, including high portability, low cost, and rapid collection times. For comparison, 10 irradiated diamonds were also studied. With only two exceptions, the natural-color diamonds could be separated into three categories-based on the peak wavelength and shape of the fluorescence spectra-that generally corresponded to their bodycolors: (1) similar to 450 and similar to 490 nm, recorded mainly for pink, yellow, and fancy white diamonds; (2) similar to 525 nm, mainly for green-yellow or yellow-green and brown diamonds; and (3) similar to 550 nm, mainly for orange, gray-green (including chameleon), and type la blue-gray or gray-blue diamonds. A spectrum that is anomalous for the diamond's bodycolor may indicate that it has been treated, and in some cases, fluorescence spectroscopy can help determine diamond type. C1 [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Heaney, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walters, Roy A.] Ocean Opt Inc, Res & Dev, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Butler, James E.] Naval Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Breeding, Christopher M.] GIA Lab, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Eaton-Magana, S (reprint author), GIA, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM sally.magana@gia.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEMOLOGICAL INST AMER PI CARLSBAD PA 5345 ARMADA DR, CARLSBAD, CA 92008 USA SN 0016-626X J9 GEMS GEMOL JI Gems Gemol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 332 EP 351 PG 20 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 254HZ UT WOS:000252579000009 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Post, JE AF Gaillou, Eloise Post, Jeffrey E. TI An examination of the Napoleon diamond necklace SO GEMS & GEMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Napoleon Bonaparte gave an extraordinary diamond necklace to his empress, Marie-Louise, in 1811. Its intriguing history involves both royals and con artists (and one individual who was both), and it was ultimately donated to the Smithsonian Institution in 1962. Infrared absorption analysis of 101 stones in the necklace revealed that a high proportion of the larger diamonds are the relatively rare type Ila; most of the smaller stones are type laAB. The luminescence behavior of the diamonds to ultraviolet exposure correlates with their diamond types. C1 [Gaillou, Eloise; Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM gailloue@si.edu RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEMOLOGICAL INST AMER PI CARLSBAD PA 5345 ARMADA DR, CARLSBAD, CA 92008 USA SN 0016-626X J9 GEMS GEMOL JI Gems Gemol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 352 EP 357 PG 6 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 254HZ UT WOS:000252579000010 ER PT J AU Cacciali, P Carreira, S Scott, N AF Cacciali, Pier Carreira, Santiago Scott, Norman TI Redescription of Phalotris Nigrilatus Ferrarezzi, 1993 (Serpentes : Colubridae : Xenodontinae) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE colubridae; elapomorphini; distribution; hemipenis; paraguay; Phalotris nigrilatus; redescription; serpentes ID MORPHOLOGY AB Phalotris nigrilatus Ferrarezzi, 1993 is a poorly known species described from a single specimen from Paraguay. Two new specimens make possible a more detailed description of the species, including a description of the hemipenis, and support the validity of the species. Hemipenial morphology provides another character that further supports the inclusion of the species in the nasutus group. We describe variation within the species, probable sexual dimorphism, and the known distribution. It will be necessarv to do further work in Paraguay to establish the conservation status of this apparently rare and endemic species. C1 [Carreira, Santiago] Museo Nacl Hist Nat & Antropol, Dept Herpetol, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Scott, Norman] Smithsonian Inst, Creston, CA 93432 USA. RP Carreira, S (reprint author), Fac Ciencias, Sect Zool Vertebrados, Igua 4225,CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay. EM carreira@fcien.edu.uy NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 EI 1938-5099 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[552:ROPNFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 249CF UT WOS:000252203700014 ER PT J AU Berger, S Wikelski, M Romero, LM Kalko, EK Roedl, T AF Berger, Silke Wikelski, Martin Romero, L. Michael Kalko, Elisabeth Kx Roedl, Thomas TI Behavioral and physiological adjustments to new predators in an endemic island species, the Galapagos marine iguana SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE anti-predator response; corticosterone; flight initiation distance; introduced predator; iguana; island ID FLIGHT-INITIATION DISTANCE; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; AMBLYRHYNCHUS-CRISTATUS; STRESS-RESPONSE; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; EUMECES-LATICEPS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; BODY-SIZE AB For the past 5 to 15 million years, marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), endemic to the Galapagos archipelago, experienced relaxed predation pressure and consequently show negligible anti-predator behavior. However, over the past few decades introduced feral cats and dogs started to prey on iguanas on some of the islands. We investigated experimentally whether behavioral and endocrine anti-predator responses changed in response to predator introduction. We hypothesized that flight initiation distances (FID) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations should increase in affected populations to cope with the novel predators. Populations of marine iguanas reacted differentially to simulated predator approach depending on whether or not they were previously naturally exposed to introduced predators. FIDs were larger at sites with predation than at sites without predation. Furthermore, the occurrence of new predators was associated with increased stress-induced CORT levels in marine iguanas. In addition, age was a strong predictor of variation in FID and CORT levels. Juveniles, which are generally more threatened by predators compared to adults, showed larger FlDs and higher CORT baseline levels as well as higher stress-induced levels than adults. The results demonstrate that this naive island species shows behavioral and physiological plasticity associated with actual predation pressure, a trait that is presumably adaptive. However, the adjustments in FID are not sufficient to cope with the novel predators. We suggest that low behavioral plasticity in the face of introduced predators may drive many island species to extinction. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berger, Silke; Kalko, Elisabeth Kx] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Wikelski, Martin; Roedl, Thomas] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Romero, L. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kalko, Elisabeth Kx] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Roedl, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-82346 Andechs, Germany. RP Berger, S (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM silke.berger@uni-ulm.de NR 87 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 58 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 653 EP 663 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.08.004 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 246VN UT WOS:000252035800013 PM 17904141 ER PT J AU Campbell, BA Campbell, DB Margot, JL Ghent, RR Nolan, M Carter, LM Stacy, NJS AF Campbell, Bruce A. Campbell, Donald B. Margot, J. L. Ghent, Rebecca R. Nolan, Michael Carter, Lynn M. Stacy, Nicholas J. S. TI Focused 70-cm wavelength radar mapping of the moon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE moon; radar imaging ID LUNAR POLES; DEPOSITS; INTERFEROMETRY; REGION; IMAGES; ICE; MAP AB We describe new 70-cm wavelength radar images of the lunar near-side and limb regions obtained via a synthetic-aperture-radar patch-focusing reduction technique. The data are obtained by transmitting a circularly polarized pulsed waveform from the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico and receiving the echo in both senses of circular polarization with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope,in West Virginia. The resultant images in both polarizations have a spatial resolution as fine as 320 in x 450 in near the lunar limb. The patch-focusing technique is a computationally efficient method for compensating for range migration and Doppler (azimuth) smearing over long coherence times, i.e., 983 s, which is needed to achieve the required Doppler resolution. Three to nine looks are averaged for speckle reduction and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. At this long wavelength, the radar signal penetrates up to several tens of meters into the dry lunar surface materials, thus revealing, details if the bulk loss properties and decimeter-scale rock abundance not evident in multispectral and other remote-sensing data. Application of the new radar images to the analysis of basalt flow complexes in Mare Serenitatis shows that the long-wavelength radar data are sensitive to differences in both flow age and composition, and may be particularly useful for studies of smaller deposits that do not have robust crater statistics. The new 70-cm lunar radar data are archived at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planetary Data System. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. RP Campbell, BA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Margot, Jean-Luc/A-6154-2012; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Nolan, Michael/H-4980-2012 OI Margot, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-9798-1797; Nolan, Michael/0000-0001-8316-0680 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 12 BP 4032 EP 4042 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.906582 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236YM UT WOS:000251339500002 ER PT J AU Turyshev, SG Israelsson, UE Shao, M Yu, N Kusenko, A Wright, EL Everitt, CWF Kasevich, M Lipa, JA Mester, JC Reasenberg, RD Walsworth, RL Ashby, N Gould, H Paik, HJ AF Turyshev, Slava G. Israelsson, Ulf E. Shao, Michael Yu, Nan Kusenko, Alexander Wright, Edward L. Everitt, C. W. Francis Kasevich, Mark Lipa, John A. Mester, John C. Reasenberg, Robert D. Walsworth, Ronald L. Ashby, Neil Gould, Harvey Paik, Ho Jung TI Space-based research in fundamental physics and quantum technologies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop From Quantum to Cosmos - Fundamental Physics Research in Space CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Warrenton, VA DE fundamental physics in space; general and special theories of relativity; Standard Model extensions; gravitational waves; cosmology; astroparticle physics; cold atoms; quantum sensors; science policy ID INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; WARM DARK-MATTER; HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL THEORIES; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; STERILE NEUTRINOS; ATOM INTERFEROMETRY; STRING THEORY AB Space offers unique experimental conditions and a wide range of opportunities to explore the foundations of modern physics with an accuracy far beyond that of ground-based experiments. Space-based experiments today can uniquely address important questions related to the fundamental laws of Nature. In particular, high-accuracy physics experiments in space can test relativistic gravity and probe the physics beyond the Standard Model; they can perform direct detection of gravitational waves and are naturally suited for investigations in precision cosmology and astroparticle physics. In addition, atomic physics has recently shown substantial progress in the development of optical clocks and atom interferometers. If placed in space, these instruments could turn into powerful high-resolution quantum sensors greatly benefiting fundamental physics. We discuss the current status of space-based research in fundamental physics, its discovery potential, and its importance for modern science. We offer a set of recommendations to be considered by the upcoming National Academy of Sciences' Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics. In our opinion, the Decadal Survey should include space-based research in fundamental physics as one of its focus areas. We recommend establishing an Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee's interagency "Fundamental Physics Task Force" to assess the status of both ground- and space-based efforts in the field, to identify the most important objectives, and to suggest the best ways to organize the work of several federal agencies involved. We also recommend establishing a new NASA-led interagency program in fundamental physics that will consolidate new technologies, prepare key instruments for future space missions, and build a strong scientific and engineering community. Our goal is to expand NASA's science objectives in space by including "laboratory research in fundamental physics" as an element in the agency's ongoing space research efforts. C1 [Turyshev, Slava G.; Israelsson, Ulf E.; Shao, Michael; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kusenko, Alexander; Wright, Edward L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Everitt, C. W. Francis; Kasevich, Mark; Lipa, John A.; Mester, John C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Reasenberg, Robert D.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ashby, Neil] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gould, Harvey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Paik, Ho Jung] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov NR 303 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 EI 1793-6594 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12A BP 1879 EP 1925 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011760 PG 47 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EA UT WOS:000252850000002 ER PT J AU Shapiro, II Lorenzini, EC Ashenberg, J Bombardelli, C Cheimets, PN Iafolla, V Lucchesi, DM Nozzoli, S Santoli, F Glashow, S AF Shapiro, I. I. Lorenzini, E. C. Ashenberg, J. Bombardelli, C. Cheimets, P. N. Iafolla, V. Lucchesi, D. M. Nozzoli, S. Santoli, F. Glashow, S. TI Testing the principle of equivalence in an Einstein elevator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop From Quantum to Cosmos - Fundamental Physics Research in Space CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Warrenton, VA DE mechanical instruments; experimental tests of general relativity; principle of equivalence ID DETECTOR; MISSION AB Improving the level of accuracy in testing the principle of equivalence (PE) requires reliably extracting a very small signal from an instrument's intrinsic noise and the noise associated with the instrument's motion. In fact, the spin velocity required to modulate a PE-violating signal produces a relatively high level of motion-related noise and modulation of gravity gradients at various frequencies. In the test of the PE in an Einstein elevator under development by our team, the differential acceleration detector free-falls while spinning around a horizontal axis inside an evacuated, comoving capsule released from a stratospheric balloon. The accuracy goal of the experiment is to test the PE at an accuracy of a few parts in 10(15), a limit set by the expected white-noise sources in our detector. The extraction of a very small signal from the prevailing noise sources is necessary for the experiment to succeed. In this paper, we discuss different detector con. figurations and describe a particular design that is able to provide a remarkable attenuation and frequency separation of the effects of motion and gravity gradients with respect to a PE-violating signal. Numerical simulations of the detector's dynamics in the presence of relevant perturbations, realistic errors, and construction imperfections show the merits of this configuration for the differential acceleration detector. C1 [Shapiro, I. I.; Lorenzini, E. C.; Ashenberg, J.; Bombardelli, C.; Cheimets, P. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Iafolla, V.; Lucchesi, D. M.; Nozzoli, S.; Santoli, F.] IFSI INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Glashow, S.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Shapiro, II (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ishapiro@cfa.harvard.edu OI Santoli, Francesco/0000-0003-2493-0109 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12A BP 2227 EP 2243 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011693 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EA UT WOS:000252850000029 ER PT J AU Reasenberg, RD Phillips, JD AF Reasenberg, Robert D. Phillips, James D. TI A laboratory test of the equivalence principle as prolog to a spaceborne experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop From Quantum to Cosmos - Fundamental Physics Research in Space CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Warrenton, VA DE WEP; general relativity AB To test the equivalence principle (EP) to an accuracy of at least sigma(Delta g)/g = 5 x 10(-14), we are developing a modern Galilean experiment. In our principle-of-equivalence measurement (POEM), we directly examine the relative motion of two test mass assemblies (TMA) that are freely falling. Such an experiment tests both for a possible violation of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and for new forces that might mimic a WEP violation. For the terrestrial version of the experiment, there are three key technologies. A laser gauge measures the separation of the TMA to picometer accuracy in a second as they fall freely in a comoving vacuum chamber. The motion system launches the TMA from their kinematic mounts inside the chamber and keeps the chamber on a trajectory that mimics free fall until the chamber nears the bottom of its motion. It then "bounces" the chamber back to upward motion in preparation for a new launch of the TMA. A capacitance gauge system measures an additional four degrees of freedom of the motion of each TMA. The resulting estimate of the rotation around and translation along the horizontal axes is used to correct systematic errors. We describe the status of POEM and discuss recent progress. C1 [Reasenberg, Robert D.; Phillips, James D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reasenberg, RD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Lab, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM reasenberg@cfa.harvard.edu; jphillips@cfa.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12A BP 2245 EP 2258 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011644 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EA UT WOS:000252850000030 ER PT J AU Groves, CP Helgen, KM AF Groves, Colin P. Helgen, Kristofer M. TI Craniodental characters in the taxonomy of Propithecus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE craniodental; Madagascar; Propithecus; species; taxonomy ID PHYLOGENETIC HISTORY; SIFAKAS PROPITHECUS; MALAGASY LEMURS; MADAGASCAR; INDRIIDAE; PRIMATES AB The indriid genus Propithecus comprises the sifakas, medium-sized lemurs endemic to the forests of Madagascar. Traditionally, scientists divided the genus into only 2 or 3 species -Propithecus diadema, P. verreauxi, and, since 1988, P. tattersalli- with 4 or 5 subspecies in each of the first 2 taxa, but recent authors have suggested that many more distinct species should be recognized. We draw from quantitative and qualitative studies of craniodental traits to evaluate further the phenetic distinctiveness and taxonomic status of each named form of Propithecus. We recognize 9-10 species in the genus. The 4 or 5 species of the Propithecus diadema group -P. diadema, P. candidus, P. perrieri, P. edwardsi, and perhaps P. holomelas, if distinct- share several derived features, including large average body size and a mandible specialized for rotational chewing, and clearly comprise a closely related complex. The 5 species of the Propithecus verreauxi group -P. verreauxi, P. coquereli, P. deckenii, P. coronatus, P. tattersalli- are each highly distinctive morphologically and likely do not comprise a monophyletic group. In particular, we point out the highly distinctive cranial features of Propithecus coronatus, which researchers have traditionally largely overlooked. C1 [Groves, Colin P.] Australian Natl Univ, Sch Archaeol & Anthropol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Groves, CP (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Sch Archaeol & Anthropol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM colin.groves@anu.edu.au NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0291 J9 INT J PRIMATOL JI Int. J. Primatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1363 EP 1383 DI 10.1007/s10764-007-9226-5 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 240TO UT WOS:000251610500011 ER PT J AU Craig, N Speakman, RJ Popelka-Filcoff, RS Glascock, MD Robertson, JD Shackley, MS Aldenderfer, MS AF Craig, Nathan Speakman, Robert J. Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S. Glascock, Michael D. Robertson, J. David Shackley, M. Steven Aldenderfer, Mark S. TI Comparison of XRF and PXRF for analysis of archaeological obsidian from Southern Peru SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE XRF; PXRF; obsidian; Peru ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; SILICATE ROCKS; NEW-MEXICO; FIELD; PROCUREMENT; NAA; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPLOITATION; SOUTHWEST; CERAMICS AB Chemical sourcing is becoming an increasingly important component of archaeological investigation. Instruments used for elemental analysis generally must be operated in a controlled laboratory environment. Further, many methods require destruction of a small portion of the objects under investigation. These facts inhibit the application of chemical sourcing studies in a number of research contexts. Use of portable non-destructive instruments would resolve these issues. Sixty-eight obsidian artifacts from the site of Jiskairumoko, in southern Peru, were examined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF). Results were compared for consistency in terms of source determination and individual element concentrations. Both instruments determined that the same sixty-six artifacts derived from the Chivay obsidian source and both identified the same two artifacts that could not be assigned to source. Individual element comparisons showed significant differences, but these can be resolved through instrument cross calibration, and differences had no bearing on source identification. PXRF was found suitable for determining obsidian sources in southern Peru and for identifying specimens that require more sensitive analytical methods such as, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Regular use of Chivay at Jiskairumoko suggests consistent trade relationships developed during the Archaic. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Missouri, Archaeometry Lab, Res Rector Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Anthropol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Craig, N (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, 1400 S Lakeshore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM ncraig@fieldmuseum.org; speakmanj@si.edu; rachei.popelka-filcoff@nist.gov; glascockm@missouri.edu; robertsonjo@missouri.edu; shackley@berkeley.edu; aldender@email.arizona.edu RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014; OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X; Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/0000-0001-6826-6401 NR 80 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2012 EP 2024 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.01.015 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 234KO UT WOS:000251160500005 ER PT J AU Faith, JT Marean, CW Behrensmeyer, AK AF Faith, J. Tyler Marean, Curtis W. Behrensmeyer, Anna K. TI Carnivore competition, bone destruction, and bone density SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carnivore competition; carnivore destruction; bone density; spotted hyena; taphonomy; olduvai ID PLIO-PLEISTOCENE HOMINIDS; REVERSE UTILITY CURVES; FLK 22 ZINJANTHROPUS; OLDUVAI-GORGE; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES; STONE TOOLS; KOOBI-FORA; LONG BONES; TANZANIA; REPRESENTATION AB In carnivore-modified archaeofaunal assemblages it is important to evaluate the degree to which carnivores have overprinted hominin behavioral signals. To examine the signals of increased competition for discarded bone, we present controlled experimental data on 33 simulated archaeological sites subjected to secondary consumption by spotted hyenas. We examine the relationship between competition, as measured by controlled numbers of hyenas and limb bones, and resultant levels of destruction and correlations between long-bone portion survivorship and bone density. Our results indicate that levels of destruction are equivalent regardless of the numbers of hyenas or long-bones included in the experimental assemblages. Correlations between long-bone epiphyseal and near-epiphyseal portions and bone density, however, do provide an indication of the level of competition. Results from the experimental study are used to highlight divergent levels of carnivore competition for hominin-discarded bone at the Plio-Pleistocene localities FLKN-Zinjanthropus and FLKN levels 1-2 from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, CASHP, Hominid Paleobiol Doctoral Program, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Inst Human Origins, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Evolut Terr Ecosyst Program, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Faith, JT (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, CASHP, Hominid Paleobiol Doctoral Program, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM tfaith@gwu.edu RI Faith, Tyler/F-3450-2011; Faith, J. Tyler/E-7146-2015 NR 65 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2025 EP 2034 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.01.017 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 234KO UT WOS:000251160500006 ER PT J AU Turner, CR Derylo, M de Santana, CD Alves-Gomes, JA Smith, GT AF Turner, Cameron R. Derylo, Maksymilian de Santana, C. David Alves-Gomes, Jose A. Smith, G. Troy TI Phylogenetic comparative analysis of electric communication signals in ghost knifefishes (Gymnotiformes : Apteronotidae) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication; behavior; signal evolution; comparative approach; phylogenetic analysis; electric fish; chirping ID JAMMING AVOIDANCE-RESPONSE; COMMAND PACEMAKER NUCLEUS; ELECTROCOMMUNICATION SIGNALS; ORGAN DISCHARGE; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; IONIC CURRENTS; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; PREPACEMAKER NUCLEUS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES AB Electrocommunication signals in electric fish are diverse, easily recorded and have well-characterized neural control. Two signal features, the frequency and waveform of the electric organ discharge (EOD), vary widely across species. Modulations of the EOD (i.e. chirps and gradual frequency rises) also function as active communication signals during social interactions, but they have been studied in relatively few species. We compared the electrocommunication signals of 13 species in the largest gymnotiform family, Apteronotidae. Playback stimuli were used to elicit chirps and rises. We analyzed EOD frequency and waveform and the production and structure of chirps and rises. Species diversity in these signals was characterized with discriminant function analyses, and correlations between signal parameters were tested with phylogenetic comparative methods. Signals varied markedly across species and even between congeners and populations of the same species. Chirps and EODs were particularly evolutionarily labile, whereas rises differed little across species. Although all chirp parameters contributed to species differences in these signals, chirp amplitude modulation, frequency modulation (FM) and duration were particularly diverse. Within this diversity, however, interspecific correlations between chirp parameters suggest that mechanistic trade-offs may shape some aspects of signal evolution. In particular, a consistent trade-off between FM and EOD amplitude during chirps is likely to have influenced the evolution of chirp structure. These patterns suggest that functional or mechanistic linkages between signal parameters (e.g. the inability of electromotor neurons increase their firing rates without a loss of synchrony or amplitude of action potentials) constrain the evolution of signal structure. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, CISAB, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, CISAB Res Experience Undergrad Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Dominican Univ, River Forest, IL 60305 USA. INPA, LFC, BR-69083000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Indiana Univ, Program Neurosci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Turner, CR (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM turnercr@gmail.com RI Alves-Gomes, Jose/C-7075-2013 NR 73 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 23 BP 4104 EP 4122 DI 10.1242/jeb.007930 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 233RP UT WOS:000251108300013 PM 18025011 ER PT J AU Stutchbury, BJM Morton, ES Woolfenden, B AF Stutchbury, Bridget J. M. Morton, Eugene S. Woolfenden, Bonnie TI Comparison of the mating systems and breeding behavior of a resident and a migratory tropical flycatcher SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding synchrony; Elaenia chiriquensis; Elaenia flavogaster; extra-pair fertilizations; Lesser Elaenia; nesting behavior; song rates; Yellow-bellied Elaenia ID EXTRA-PAIR FERTILIZATIONS; SPERM COMPETITION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; EMPIDONAX-MINIMUS; PATERNITY; BIRDS; SYNCHRONY; PASSERINE; EVOLUTION; PARENTAGE AB Little is known about the genetic mating systems of tropical passerines and how they vary among species. We studied the Lesser Elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis) and the Yellow-bellied Elaenia (E. flavogaster) near Gamboa, Panama. These species breed in the same habitat, but Lesser Elaenias are intratropical migrants with seasonal territories and Yellow-bellied Elaenias are permanent residents that remain paired and defend territories throughout the year. Lesser Elaenias exhibited greater breeding synchrony (15-18 %) than Yellow-bellied Elaenias (9-10%). For Lesser Elaenias, 10 of 15 (67%) nests contained extra-pair young and 14 of 38 (37%) young resulted from extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs). In contrast, only one extra-pair nestling (4%, N = 24 nestlings) was found in 13 Yellow-bellied Elaenia nests. Neither species exhibited strong mate guarding. The higher rate of EPFs in Lesser Elaenias is consistent with the hypothesis that year-round territorial tropical passerines with low breeding synchrony have little or no extra-pair behavior compared with species that breed seasonally. Although the low singing rates of Lesser Elaenias (7 songs/h) suggest that this not an important cue for female extra-pair mate choice, the role of conspicuous male dawn song remains to be investigated. Further studies of tropical passerines are needed to help disentangle the effects of synchrony, density, and other ecological and behavioral factors that have influenced the evolution of extra-pair mating systems in passerines. C1 York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Stutchbury, BJM (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM bstutch@yorku.ca NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00083.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 141CF UT WOS:000244553500004 ER PT J AU Richmond, BG AF Richmond, Brian G. TI Biomechanics of phalangeal curvature SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; siamang; Hylobates syndactylus; hand; primate anatomy; functional morphology; bone curvature ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; POSITIONAL BEHAVIOR; BONE STRAIN; HOMINID BIPEDALISM; IN-VIVO; LOCOMOTION; ANATOMY; HAND AB Phatangeal curvature has been widely cited in primate functional morphology and is one of the key traits in the ongoing debate about whether the locomotion of early hominins included a significant degree of arboreality. This study examines the biomechanics of phalangeal curvature using data on hand posture, muscle recruitment, and anatomical moment arms to develop a finite element (FE) model of a siamang manual proximal phalanx during suspensory grasping. Strain patterns from experiments on intact cadaver forelimbs validated the model. The strain distribution in the curved siamang phalanx FE model was compared to that in a mathematically straight rendition in order to test the hypotheses that curvature: 1) reduces strain and 2) results in lower bending strains but relatively higher compression. In the suspensory posture, joint reaction forces load the articular ends of the phalanx in compression and dorsally, while muscle forces acting through the flexor sheath pull the mid-shaft palmarly. These forces compress the phalanx dorsally and tense it palmarly, effectively bending it 'open.' Strains in the curved model were roughly half that of the straight model despite equivalent lengths, areas, mechanical properties, and loading conditions in the two models. The curved model also experienced a higher ratio of compressive to tensile strains. Curvature reduces strains during grasping hand postures because the curved bone is more closely aligned with the joint reaction forces. Therefore, phalangeal curvature reduces the strains associated with arboreal, and especially suspensory, activity involving flexed digits. These results offer a biomechanical explanation for the observed association between phalangeal curvature and arboreality. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Richmond, Brian G.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Richmond, Brian G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Richmond, BG (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, 2110 G St,NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM brich@gwu.edu NR 76 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 678 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.05.011 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 320DR UT WOS:000257214400004 PM 17761213 ER PT J AU Munshi-South, J Emmons, LH Bernard, H AF Munshi-South, Jason Emmons, Louise H. Bernard, Henry TI Behavioral monogamy and fruit availability in the large treeshrew (Tupaia tana) in Sabah, Malaysia SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Borneo; Danum Valley; dispersed pair-living; fruit abundance; large treeshrew; Malaysia; monogamy; Sabah; social organization; Tupaia tana ID EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; TAILED DWARF LEMUR; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; RAIN-FOREST; PHANER-FURCIFER; CHEIROGALEUS-MEDIUS; SEXUAL SELECTION; NOCTURNAL LEMURS; MATING SYSTEMS; SPACE USE AB Behavioral monogamy in mammals varies from male-female pairs that spend most of their time in close spatial contact (associated pair-living) to pairs that occupy exclusive territories but travel, forage, and sleep alone (dispersed pair-living). We present radiotelemetry data on 46 adult large treeshrews (Tupaia tana) from 2 populations in Sabah, Malaysia, that indicate that this species forms dispersed pairs across a range of ecological conditions. Dispersed pair-living was the primary behavioral mating system in primary forest during a major fruit masting event, in nonmasting primary forest, and in selectively logged forest with significantly higher fruitfall than in primary forest. Territories of behavioral partners were spatially concordant, but both male and female territories typically overlapped the boundaries of 1-3 extra-pair territories. Comparison between masting and nonmasting forests indicated that females exhibited better body condition during masting, whereas males exhibited larger home-range areas and longer daily movements. Both males and females exhibited better body condition in selectively logged versus primary forests, but ranging patterns were not significantly different between these habitats. We argue that intraspecific foraging competition is the most likely explanation for the evolution of dispersed pair-living in T. tana. C1 [Munshi-South, Jason] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Syst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Emmons, Louise H.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bernard, Henry] Univ Malaysia Sabah, Inst Trop Biol & Conservat, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. RP Munshi-South, J (reprint author), CUNY, Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 17 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM jason.munshisouth@gmail.com RI Munshi-South, Jason/A-3385-2009; OI Munshi-South, Jason/0000-0002-8067-4341 NR 75 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1427 EP 1438 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-295R1.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 244DN UT WOS:000251846300007 ER PT J AU Ralls, K Cypher, B Spiegel, LK AF Ralls, Katherine Cypher, Brian Spiegel, Linda K. TI Social monogamy in kit foxes: formation, association, duration, and dissolution of mated pairs SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE kit fox; monogamy; pair-bond; Vulpes macrotis ID LIFE-HISTORY; SWIFT FOX; SPACING PATTERNS; MATING SYSTEM; VULPES-VELOX; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS AB Social monogamy is characterized by long-term pair-bonds, but there is extensive variation among socially monogamous species in the timing of pair formation, the extent to which pair-mates associate throughout the year, the duration of pair-bonds, and the frequency with which pair-bonds are dissolved while both partners are living. We studied these aspects of social monogamy in kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) at I urban and 2 nonurban sites. Behavior was similar across sites despite differences in ecological conditions. Pair formation occurred throughout the year, often within a month after the loss of a mate. Pair-mates associated throughout the year. Some pairs remained associated for more than 1 breeding season. Death of a pair-mate was the most common reason for the dissolution of a pair (14 of 16 cases). Two pairs dissolved while both partners were still living: 1 due to abandonment by a male of his pair-mate and territory and 1 due to displacement of a male by another male. These characteristics of social monogamy in kit foxes may be related to year-round territoriality, and may optimize individual fitness by enhancing survival and ultimately reproductive success. C1 [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolut Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Cypher, Brian] Calif State Univ Fresno, Stanislaus Endangered Species Recovery Program, Fresno, CA 93272 USA. [Spiegel, Linda K.] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Ralls, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolut Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM rallsk@thegrid.net NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 26 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1439 EP 1446 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-348R.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 244DN UT WOS:000251846300008 ER PT J AU Konstantinidis, P Britz, R Johnson, DG AF Konstantinidis, Peter Britz, Ralf Johnson, David G. TI Ontogeny of the beak of the gymnodonts and fixation of the ethmopalatine articulation (Teleostei, Tetraodontiformes) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Konstantinidis, Peter; Britz, Ralf] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London, England. [Johnson, David G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM p.konstantinidis@nhm.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 268 IS 12 BP 1095 EP 1095 PG 1 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 235WW UT WOS:000251266000263 ER PT J AU Cooney, S Stoecker, DK Coats, D AF Cooney, S. Stoecker, D. K. Coats, D. TI Ecology of the fish associated dinoflagellate crepidoodinium cyprinodontum SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cooney, S.] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stoecker, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Cooney, S.; Coats, D.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 14 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200015 ER PT J AU Krayesky, DM Norris, J West, J Fredericq, S AF Krayesky, D. M. Norris, J. West, J. Fredericq, S. TI Taxonomic reassessment of the caloglossa leprieurii-complex (delesseriaceae, rhodophyta), and experimental elucidation of the function of pit connections SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Krayesky, D. M.; Fredericq, S.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Norris, J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [West, J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Bot, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 16 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200017 ER PT J AU Littler, DS Littler, MM Hanisak, MD AF Littler, D. S. Littler, M. M. Hanisak, M. D. TI Submersed plants of the indian river lagoon: A floristic inventory and field guide SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Littler, D. S.; Hanisak, M. D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Littler, D. S.; Littler, M. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 55 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200056 ER PT J AU Bachvaroff, T Place, A AF Bachvaroff, T. Place, A. TI From stop to start: Comparing expressed and genomic versions of genes in the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bachvaroff, T.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Bachvaroff, T.; Place, A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 78 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200079 ER PT J AU Franklin, L Sobrino, C Neale, P Stojkovic, S Beardall, J AF Franklin, L. Sobrino, C. Neale, P. Stojkovic, S. Beardall, J. TI High CO2, UV, and carbon partitioning in Thalassiosira pseudonana SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Franklin, L.; Sobrino, C.; Neale, P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Stojkovic, S.; Beardall, J.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 125 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200126 ER PT J AU Faust, M Litaker, RW Vandersea, MW Kibler, SR Holland, WC Tester, PA AF Faust, M. Litaker, R. W. Vandersea, M. W. Kibler, S. R. Holland, W. C. Tester, P. A. TI Taxonomy of Coolia including two new species, Coolia minuta sp nov and Coolia novella sp nov (Dinophyceae) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Faust, M.] US Natl Herbarium, Smithsonian Inst, Sutland, MD USA. [Litaker, R. W.; Vandersea, M. W.; Kibler, S. R.; Holland, W. C.; Tester, P. A.] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 165 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200166 ER PT J AU Fredericq, S Krayesky, D Norris, J AF Fredericq, S. Krayesky, D. Norris, J. TI Clarification of the red algal genus Peyssonnelia in the gulf of Mexico, with a proposal for a new red algal order based on the Peyssonneliaceae SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fredericq, S.; Krayesky, D.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Norris, J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 168 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200169 ER PT J AU Gordon, IE Rothman, LS Gamache, RR Jacquemart, D Boone, C Bernath, PF Shephard, MW Delamere, JS Clough, SA AF Gordon, Iouli E. Rothman, Laurence S. Gamache, Robert R. Jacquemart, David Boone, Chris Bernath, Peter F. Shephard, Mark W. Delamere, Jennifer S. Clough, Shepard A. TI Current updates of the water-vapor line list in HITRAN: A new "diet" for air-broadened half-widths SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; H2O LINES; MU-M; NU-2 BAND; PARAMETERS; REGION; CM(-1); COEFFICIENTS; INTENSITIES AB The current edition of the HITRAN compilation employed a sophisticated algorithm for combining measurements available for the air-broadened half-widths of water-vapor absorption lines with theoretical values. Nevertheless, some of the values in the HITRAN database were found to be far from ideal, due to large dispersions that still exist in the experimental or theoretical methods. Therefore, new criteria were developed for introducing the best available air-broadened half-widths into HITRAN, based on physical principles and statistics. This update concerns the three most abundant isotopologues of water, with the values for (H2O)-O-17 and (H2O)-O-18 17 180 being the ones from analogous transitions of the principal isotopologues. The new parameters have been tested in different remote-sensing applications and improved constituent profiles were obtained. In total, air-broadened half-width values were updated for 11,787 transitions of water 16 170 vapor in the HITRAN database (6789 for (H2O)-O-16, 2906 for (H2O)-O-17,and 2092 for (H2O)-O-18). Some additional updates to the water-vapor line list are also presented. The resultant file (01_hit06.par) was uploaded to the HITRAN website (http:// www.cfa.harvard.edu/hitran/) in September 2006. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Mass Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Dynam Interact & Reactiv, CNRS, Paris 05, France. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. AER, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Rothman, LS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lrothman@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841 NR 54 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 108 IS 3 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.06.009 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 233UL UT WOS:000251115700005 ER PT J AU Suarez, W Olson, SL AF Suarez, William Olson, Storrs L. TI The cuban fossil eagle Aquila borrasi arredondo: a scaled-up version of the great black hawk Buteogallus urubitinga (Gmelin) SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aquila borrasi; Buteogallus borrasi; Great Black-Hawk; Buteogallus urubitinga; Cuba; eagle; fossil ID QUATERNARY; AVES AB The fossil eagle Aquila borrasi Arredondo from the Quaternary of Cuba is redescribed and transferred to the genus Buteogallus Lesson, in which it represents a gigantic version (ca. 33% larger) of the morphology present in the living Great Black-Hawk B. urubitinga (Gmelin). Buteogallus borrasi differs from the other large fossil accipitrids recorded in the West Indies, Amplibuteo woodwardi, Gigantohierax suarezi, and Titanohierax gloveralleni, in being smaller, less robust, and with proportionately slender hindlimb elements, especially the tarsometatarsus. Although now known with certainty only from Cuba, B. borrasi may have had a wider distribution in the West Indies and perhaps even mainland North America. C1 [Suarez, William] Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Havana 10100, Cuba. [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Suarez, W (reprint author), Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Obispo 61,Pl Armas,Ciudad La Habana, Havana 10100, Cuba. EM Olsons@si.edu NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[288:TCFEAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 251WE UT WOS:000252406000004 ER PT J AU Bullard, SG Shumway, SE Whitlatch, RB Osman, RW AF Bullard, Stephan G. Shumway, Sandra E. Whitlatch, Robert B. Osman, Richard W. TI Effects of the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp a on cultured scallops with a comparison to other bivalves SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bullard, Stephan G.] Univ Hartford, Hillyer Coll, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. [Shumway, Sandra E.; Whitlatch, Robert B.] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA. [Osman, Richard W.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1296 EP 1297 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 250US UT WOS:000252327300056 ER PT J AU Rutzler, K Piantoni, C Diaz, MC AF Ruetzler, Klaus Piantoni, Carla Diaz, M. Cristina TI Lissodendogx: rediscovered type and new tropical western Atlantic species (Porifera : Demospongiae : Poecilosclerida : Coelosphacridae) SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article ID BOCAS DEL TORO; SPONGES; PANAMA AB Seven syntypes of Halichondria isodictyalis, type species of Lissodendogx, were rediscovered and studied. By choosing a lectotype and studying it along with the paralectotypes, we find that L. isodictyalis, subgenus Lissodendoyx, is a Caribbean sponge characterized by smooth megascleres, ectosomal tylotes and choanosomal styles, and one size-class of microscleres comprising arcuate isochelae and sigmas. Having determined these characteristics, we re-erect Lissodendogx (Lissodendogx) carolinensis (previously synonymized with L. isodictyalis), with the same smooth megascleres but two distinct size categories of microscleres, isochelae and sigmas; and we add a new western Atlantic species, Lissodendogx (L.) spinosa sp. nov., with coarse spines on the megasclere terminals and with two size-classes of isochelae and sigmas. Other species in the region are Lissodendogx (L.) colombiensis, with smooth tylotes and robust strongyles, and two categories of microscleres (isochelae and sigmas) accompanied by conspicuous raphids arranged in trichodragmas; Lissodendogx (L.) strongylata, with smooth tylotes and slim strongyles, one size-class each of isochelae and sigmas, rare and very thin raphids. Lissodendogx sigmata is here assigned to the subgenus Anomodoryx, with smooth tylotes exclusively as megascleres, two size-classes of isochelae, and one or two sizes of sigmas; it may represent a species complex far more diverse than previously thought. To this subgenus we add another species, Lissodendoryx (A.) amphispinulata sp. nov., characterized by fine spines ornamenting both tyles of part of the tylotes. A third subgenus, Ectyodoryx, is represented by Lissodendoryx (E.) acanthostylota sp. nov., with smooth tylotes and finely spined acanthostyles in two size-classes, as well as two size-classes each of isochelae and sigmas as microscleres. All species studied alive occur in shallow lagoon habitats with mangroves and sea grass (Thalassia) but museum specimen records show that some may reach a depth of 60 m. C1 [Ruetzler, Klaus; Piantoni, Carla] MRC 163, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Diaz, M. Cristina] Museo Marino Margarita, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. RP Rutzler, K (reprint author), MRC 163, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM ruetzler@si.edu OI Piantoni, Carla/0000-0002-1201-0041 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1491 EP 1510 DI 10.1017/S0025315407059243 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252VO UT WOS:000252475100014 ER PT J AU Erpenbeck, D Duran, S Rutzler, K Paul, V Hooper, JNA Worheide, G AF Erpenbeck, Dirk Duran, Sandra Ruetzler, Klaus Paul, Valerie Hooper, John N. A. Woerheide, Gert TI Towards a DNA taxonomy of Caribbean demosponges: a gene tree reconstructed from partial mitochondrial CO1 gene sequences supports previous rDNA phylogenies and provides a new perspective on the systematics of Demospongiae SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article ID OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; PHYLUM PORIFERA; CLASSIFICATION; REASSESSMENT; CHARACTERS; SPONGE AB We present the most comprehensive cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene tree published to date for demosponges based on new sequences. The CO1 barcoding fragment is sequenced for 65 species from the Caribbean Sea, and its gene tree reconstructed. Although its deeper nodes are not particularly well-supported, the gene tree provides a variety of information for new phylogenetic patterns, as well as support for previously published 28S rDNA gene trees. In our analysis Halichondriidae cluster with Suberitidae, supporting previous 28S rDNA data. Chelae-bearing Poecilosclerida are monophyletic but most taxa lacking chelae in this dataset cluster more distantly. Haplosclerida are not resolved monophyletically under this fragment. While some species exhibit distinct barcodes, some genera contain species that share CO1 haplotypes. C1 [Erpenbeck, Dirk; Hooper, John N. A.] Queensland Museum, Biodivers Programme, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Erpenbeck, Dirk; Woerheide, Gert] Geosci Ctr Gottingen, Dept Geobiol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Duran, Sandra; Paul, Valerie] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 32960 USA. [Ruetzler, Klaus] MRC 163, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Erpenbeck, D (reprint author), Queensland Museum, Biodivers Programme, POB 300, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. EM derpenb@gwdg.de RI Worheide, Gert/C-1080-2008; OI Worheide, Gert/0000-0002-6380-7421; Hooper, John/0000-0003-1722-5954 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1570 DI 10.1017/S0025315407058195 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252VO UT WOS:000252475100019 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Profiles of Indiana: Facts, figures & statistics for 714 populated places in Indiana SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 132 IS 20 BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 243GX UT WOS:000251784600303 ER PT J AU Arthur, KE O'Neil, JM Limpus, CJ Abernathy, K Marshall, G AF Arthur, Karen E. O'Neil, Judith M. Limpus, Colin J. Abernathy, Kyler Marshall, Greg TI Using animal-borne imaging to assess green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging ecology in Moreton Bay, Australia SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; TUMOR PROMOTERS; POTENTIAL ROLE; BEHAVIOR; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; QUEENSLAND; FREQUENCY; VIDEO AB Traditional techniques for studying green turtle foraging ecology, such as the analysis of food availability and ingested dietary material, have concluded that green turtles are primarily herbivorous but selective foragers. However, green turtles that forge during Lyngbya majuscula blooms are exposed to toxins produced by the cyanobacterium overgrowing the seagrass. We used the CRITTERCAM, an animal-borne imaging device, to observe green turtle foraging behavior in Moreton Bay, Australia, and to evaluate the system for assessing the impacts of Lyngbya blooms on green turtle. Eight large green turtles were captured while foraging on seagrass flats and each was fitted with CRITTERCAM. The deployments yielded over 28 hours of video and associated time depth records. Turtles swam almost continuously and rarely stopped to feed on seagrass. Six turtles were observed feeding and all six consumed gelatinous animals from the water column. This prey source was previously undocumented in the Moreton Bay green turtle population but describe in other green turtle populations using the CRITTERCAM. Only one turtle was observed foraging on seagrass. The results of this study indicate that CRITTERCAM technology can provide insight into turtle diet selection and that it will be a useful tool in identifying the impacts of Lyngbya blooms on green turtle feeding ecology. This study has also demonstrated that turtle in Moreton Bay may have a more flexible diet than previously described, indicating they could potentially supplement their diet with alternate prey items when seagrass quality or quantity is compromised. Longer deployment times, with an initial acclimation phase, are required to more fully understand questions pertaining to feeding ecology. C1 [Arthur, Karen E.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [O'Neil, Judith M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Limpus, Colin J.] Queensland Environm Prot Agcy, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Arthur, KE (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 20 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 272EQ UT WOS:000253843100005 ER PT J AU Wyithe, JSB Loeb, A AF Wyithe, J. Stuart B. Loeb, Abraham TI The imprint of cosmic reionization on galaxy clustering SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology : theory; diffuse radiation; large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; LOW-MASS GALAXIES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; ELLIPSOIDAL COLLAPSE; POWER SPECTRUM; IONIZED HELIUM; HIGH REDSHIFTS; HE 2347-4342; FLUCTUATIONS AB We consider the effect of reionization on the clustering properties of galaxy samples at intermediate redshifts (z similar to 0.3-5.5). Current models for the reionization of intergalactic hydrogen predict that overdense regions will be reionized early, thus delaying the build-up of stellar mass in the progenitors of massive lower redshift galaxies. As a result, the stellar populations observed in intermediate-redshift galaxies are somewhat younger and hence brighter in overdense regions of the Universe. Galaxy surveys would therefore be sensitive to galaxies with a somewhat lower dark matter mass in overdense regions. The corresponding increase in the observed number density of galaxies can be parametrized as a galaxy bias due to reionization. We model this process using merger trees combined with a stellar synthesis code. Our model demonstrates that reionization has a significant effect on the clustering properties of galaxy samples that are selected based on their star formation properties. The bias correction in Lyman-break galaxies (including those in proposed baryonic oscillation surveys at z < 1) is at the level of 10-20 per cent for a halo mass of 10(12) M-circle dot, leading to corrections factors of 1.5-2 in the halo mass inferred from measurements of clustering length. The reionization of helium could also lead to a sharp increase in the amplitude of the galaxy correlation function at z similar to 3. We find that the reionization bias is approximately independent of scale and halo mass. However, since the traditional galaxy bias is mass dependent, the reionization bias becomes relatively more important for lower mass systems. The correction to the bias due to reionization is very small in surveys of luminous red galaxies at z < 1. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wyithe, JSB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM swyithe@physics.unimelb.edu.au; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 2 BP 921 EP 936 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12447.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235AH UT WOS:000251205400039 ER PT J AU Jacobs, P Holland, C AF Jacobs, Paul Holland, Christopher TI Sharing archaeological data: The distributed archive method SO NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Holland, Christopher] Mississippi State Univ, Smithsonian Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Jacobs, P (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Smithsonian Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SCHS ORIENTAL RESEARCH PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV, 656 BEACON ST, 5TH FLOOR, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1094-2076 J9 NEAR EAST ARCHAEOL JI Near East. Archaeol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 70 IS 4 BP 197 EP 199 PG 3 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 323DY UT WOS:000257425400005 ER PT J AU O'Connor, P Geary, J Gilmore, K Oliver, J Radeka, V Takacs, P AF O'Connor, P. Geary, J. Gilmore, K. Oliver, J. Radeka, V. Takacs, P. TI Technology of the LSST focal plane SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 2006) CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Perugia, ITALY SP INFN, Univ Degli, Studi Perugia, Hamamatsu Photon, Micron, CAEN ID PROBE AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, now in the research and development phase, will undertake a wide angle, deep survey of the entire southern sky starting in 2014. The survey database will support a wide variety of astrophysical investigations, with particular emphasis on elucidating the nature of dark energy. To achieve its science goals, LSST will incorporate a silicon-based focal plane with unprecedented size (3 Gpixel), speed (2 s readout), and sensitivity (high QE over 3 50-1000 nm wavelength). The technologies to be used in the LSST camera are described, with an emphasis on the silicon sensors and readout electronics. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connor, P.; Radeka, V.; Takacs, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Geary, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gilmore, K.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Oliver, J.] Harvard Univ, Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM poc@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 3 BP 902 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.07.120 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 245IJ UT WOS:000251928000042 ER PT J AU Scherer-Lorenzen, M Bonilla, JL Potvin, C AF Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael Bonilla, Jose Luis Potvin, Catherine TI Tree species richness affects litter production and decomposition rates in a tropical biodiversity experiment SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID LEAF-LITTER; COSTA-RICA; MIXED PLANTATIONS; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST; DIVERSITY; MIXTURES; PANAMA; COMPLEMENTARITY; ACCUMULATION AB We report data on leaf litter production and decomposition from a manipulative biodiversity experiment with trees in tropical Panama, which has been designed to explore the relationship between tree diversity and ecosystem functioning. A total of 24 plots (2025 m(2)) were established in 2001 using six native tree species, with 1-, 3-, and 6-species mixtures. We estimated litter production during the dry season 2005 with litter traps; decomposition was assessed with a litter bag approach during the following wet season. Litter production during the course of the dry season was highly variable among the tree species. Tree diversity significantly affected litter production, and the majority of the intermediate diverse mixtures had higher litter yields than expected based on yields in monoculture. In contrast, high diverse mixtures did not show such overyielding in litter production. Litter decomposition rates were also highly species-specific, and were related to various measures of litter quality (C/N, lignin/N, fibre content). We found no overall effect of litter diversity if the entire litter mixtures were analyzed, i.e. mixing species resulted in pure additive effects and observed decomposition rates were not different from expected rates. However, the individual species changed their decomposition pattern depending on the diversity of the litter mixture, i.e. there were species-specific responses to mixing litter. The analysis of temporal C and N dynamics within litter mixtures gave only limited evidence for nutrient transfer among litters of different quality. At this early stage of our tree diversity experiment, there are no coherent and general effects of tree species richness on both litter production and decomposition. Within the scope of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship, our results therefore highlight the process-specific effects diversity may have. Additionally, species-specific effects on ecosystem processes and their temporal dynamics are important, but such effects may change along the gradient of tree diversity. C1 ETH, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Scherer-Lorenzen, M (reprint author), ETH, Inst Plant Sci, Universitaetsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM michael.scherer@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch NR 50 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2007 VL 116 IS 12 BP 2108 EP 2124 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16065.x PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235AI UT WOS:000251205500018 ER PT J AU Johnson, KG Todd, JA Jackson, JBC AF Johnson, Kenneth G. Todd, Jonathan A. Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI Coral reef development drives molluscan diversity increase at local and regional scales in the late Neogene and Quaternary of the southwestern Caribbean SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL AMERICAN MOLLUSKS; PANAMA LAND-BRIDGE; BOCAS-DEL-TORO; SPECIES RICHNESS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WESTERN ATLANTIC; FOSSIL RECORD; MARINE RECORD; COSTA-RICA; DEEP-SEA AB The late Neogene was a time of major environmental change in Tropical America. Global cooling and associated oceanographic reorganization and the onset and intensification of glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere during the past ten million years coincided with the uplift of the Central American isthmus and resulting changes in regional oceanographic conditions. Previous analyses of patterns of taxonomic turnover and the shifting abundances of major ecological guilds indicated that the regional shallow-water marine biota responded to these environmental changes through extinction and via a restructuring of local benthic food webs, but it is not clear whether this ecological response had an effect on the diversity of molluscan assemblages in the region. Changes in regional and local diversity are often used as proxies for similar ecological response to environmental change in large-scale paleontological studies, but a clear relationship between diversity and ecological function has rarely been demonstrated in marine systems dominated by mollusks. To explore this relationship, we have compiled a data set of the stratigraphic and environmental distribution of genera of mollusks in large new collections of fossil specimens from the late Neogene and Recent of the southwestern Caribbean. Analysis of a selection of ecological diversity measures indicates that within shelf depths, assemblages from deeper water (51-200 m) were more diverse than shallow-water (< 50 m) assemblages in the Pliocene. Lower diversity for shallow-water assemblages is caused by increased dominance of a few superabundant taxa in each assemblage. This implies that studies of diversity of shelf benthos need to control for relatively fine scaled environmental conditions if they are to avoid interpreting artifacts of uneven sampling as true change of diversity. For shallow-water assemblages only, there was significant increase in local and regional diversity of bivalve assemblages after the late Pliocene. No parallel increase in gastropods could be detected, but this likely is because sample size was inadequate for documenting the diversity of gastropod assemblages following a steep post-Pliocene decline of average gastropod abundance. Both the increasing bivalve diversity and the decrease in average abundance of gastropod taxa correspond to an interval of increasing carbonate deposition and reef building in the region, and are likely a result of increased fine-scale habitat heterogeneity controlled by the local distribution of carbonate buildups. Each of these results demonstrates that documenting the ecological response of tropical marine ecosystems to regional environmental change requires a large volume of fine-scaled samples with detailed paleoenvironmental control. Such data sets are rarely available from the fossil record. C1 Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Johnson, KG (reprint author), Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeontol, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM K.Johnson@nhm.ac.uk; J.Todd@nhm.ac.uk; jbjackson@ucsd.edu OI Todd, Jonathan/0000-0002-0433-1611 NR 103 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD WIN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 24 EP 52 DI 10.1666/06022.1 PG 29 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 144NT UT WOS:000244803800002 ER PT J AU Bush, AM Bambach, RK Daley, GM AF Bush, Andrew M. Bambach, Richard K. Daley, Gwen M. TI Changes in theoretical ecospace utilization in marine fossil assemblages between the mid-Paleozoic and late Cenozoic SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; SUSPENSION-FEEDING COMMUNITIES; SCALE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS; ARAGONITE DISSOLUTION; DEATH ASSEMBLAGES; MISSING MOLLUSKS; ALPHA DIVERSITY; SOFT SUBSTRATA; ABUNDANCE; ORDOVICIAN AB We present a new three-dimensional theoretical ecospace for the ecological classification of marine animals based on vertical tiering, motility level, and feeding mechanism. In this context, analyses of a database of level-bottom fossil assemblages with abundance counts demonstrate fundamental changes in marine animal ecosystems between the mid-Paleozoic (461-359 Ma) and late Cenozoic (23-0.01 Ma). The average local relative abundance of infaunal burrowers, facultatively motile animals, and predators increased, whereas surface dwellers and completely non-motile animals decreased in abundance. Considering tiering, motility, and feeding together, more modes of life had high to moderate average relative abundance in the Cenozoic than in the Paleozoic. These results are robust to the biasing effects of aragonite dissolution in Paleozoic sediments and to heterogeneities in the latitudinal and environmental distributions of collections. Theoretical ecospace provides a unified system for future analyses of the utilization of ecologic opportunities by marine metazoa. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Integrat Geosci, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Winthrop Univ, Dept Chem Phys & Geol, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. RP Bush, AM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Unit 3043, 75 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM andrew.bush@uconn.edu; richard.bambach@verizon.net; daleyg@winthrop.edu NR 87 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 12 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD WIN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 76 EP 97 DI 10.1666/06013.1 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 144NT UT WOS:000244803800004 ER PT J AU Violante-Gonzalez, J Aguirre-Macedo, ML Mendoza-Franco, EF AF Violante-Gonzalez, Juan Aguirre-Macedo, Ma. Leopoldina Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F. TI A checklist of metazoan parasites of fish from tres palos Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; HELMINTH-PARASITES; RIVER-BASIN; COMMUNITIES; PENINSULA; YUCATAN AB An extensive survey of helminth parasites in fish species from Tres Palos Lagoon, in Guerrero, Mexico, resulted in identification of 39 metazoan parasite species (37 helminth and 2 crustaceans) in 13 fish species (n = 1,498). Specimen collection in this coastal lagoon was done between April 2000 and November 2003. Digenean species (18, 8 adult and 10 metacercariae) dominated the parasite fauna. The most widespread species of parasite were: Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), Pseudoacanthostomum panamense, Austrodiplostomum compactum, Ascocotye (Phagicola) longa (Digenea), Neoechinorhynchus golvani (Acanthocephala), Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda), and Argulus sp. (Branchiura). Parasite fauna species composition exhibited a clear freshwater influence as 56.4% (22 of 39) of the identified species have a freshwater distribution in Mexico. For 32 of the parasite species, this report constitutes the first geographical host record for Tres Palos Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico. C1 Univ Autonoma Guerrero, Unit Acad Ecol Marina, Guerrero 39390, Mexico. CINVESTAV, IPN, Unit Merida, Merida 97310, Mexico. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Isl Labs, Panama City, Panama. RP Violante-Gonzalez, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Guerrero, Unit Acad Ecol Marina, Gran Via Trop No 20,Fraccionameinto Las Playas, Guerrero 39390, Mexico. EM viojuang@yahoo.com.mx RI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/A-2511-2008 OI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/0000-0002-3910-8305 NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0733-2 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 222OI UT WOS:000250306400024 PM 17846791 ER PT J AU Chen, GX AF Chen, Guo-Xin TI Converged Dirac R-matrix calculation of electron impact excitation of Fe XVII SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ASTROPHYSICS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RADIATIVE RATES; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING AB Large discrepancies exist between measurements [Brown , Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 253201 (2006)] and previous calculations [Chen and Pradhan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 013202 (2002)] for electron impact excitation (EIE) cross sections in 3C (lambda 15.015 angstrom) and 3D (lambda 15.262 angstrom) of Fe XVII. A converged Dirac R-matrix calculation of EIE in Fe XVII with an accuracy of approximate to 5% (from theory estimate) in 3C and 3D cross sections is reported. We carry out five sets of Dirac R-matrix calculations to establish the convergence in our calculations. Full relativistic effects are included and the convergence of both the correlation and channel coupling effects and the combined effects of interacting Rydberg resonance series in EIE of Fe XVII is achieved. The intrinsic oscillatory features of 3C and 3D effective cross sections convolved with electron distributions are further demonstrated. Compared with recent electron beam ion trap (EBIT) measurements, there is still an approximate to 20% difference. I give one possible reason for this puzzling difference. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.062708 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900066 ER PT J AU Salam, A AF Salam, A. TI Two alternative derivations of the static contribution to the radiation-induced intermolecular energy shift SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FORCES AB Two contrasting physical viewpoints and calculational approaches are adopted within the framework of molecular quantum electrodynamics for the evaluation of the static contribution to the change in mutual interaction energy between a pair of electric dipole polarizable molecules in an intense radiation field. This term arises when a real photon is scattered by the same molecular center with coupling between the two bodies occurring via exchange of a single virtual photon. In one method it is found that utilization of an effective three-photon interaction operator enables the energy shift to be obtained using second order perturbation theory with summation over only four time-ordered diagrams, each of which contain collapsed interaction vertices. The result is then shown to be obtained even more easily in a second approach that involves calculating the expectation values for both molecules in the ground electronic state and the field containing N photons of mode ((k) over right arrow,lambda) of the electric dipole moments induced at each molecule by the incident field, which are coupled to the resonant dipole-dipole interaction tensor. The static contribution in question is shown to arise from the interaction of a permanent electric dipole moment in one species with the first hyperpolarizability of the other. Both methods are compared and contrasted with a previous computation in which contributions to the energy shift arising from 48 time-ordered diagrams were summed using fourth order perturbation theory. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Salam, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Salam, A (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM salama@wfu.edu NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.063402 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900073 ER PT J AU Cumberbatch, D Ichikawa, K Kawasaki, M Kohri, K Silk, J Starkman, GD AF Cumberbatch, Daniel Ichikawa, Kazuhide Kawasaki, Masahiro Kohri, Kazunori Silk, Joseph Starkman, Glenn D. TI Solving the cosmic lithium problems with primordial late-decaying particles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; LIGHT-ELEMENTS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; MASSIVE PARTICLES; DARK-MATTER; GRAVITINOS; ABUNDANCE; DEUTERIUM; PROBE AB We investigate the modifications to predictions for the abundances of light elements from standard big-bang nucleosynthesis when exotic late-decaying particles with lifetimes exceeding similar to 1 sec are prominent in the early Universe. Utilizing a model-independent analysis of the properties of these long-lived particles, we identify the parameter space associated with models that are consistent with all observational data and hence resolve the much discussed discrepancies between observations and theoretical predictions for the abundances of (7)Li and (6)Li. C1 [Cumberbatch, Daniel; Silk, Joseph; Starkman, Glenn D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Ichikawa, Kazuhide; Kawasaki, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Kohri, Kazunori] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Kohri, Kazunori] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Starkman, Glenn D.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Cumberbatch, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. OI silk, joe/0000-0002-1566-8148 NR 76 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 123005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.123005 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300015 ER PT J AU Kettenring, KM Galatowitsch, SM AF Kettenring, Karin M. Galatowitsch, Susan M. TI Tools for Carex revegetation in freshwater wetlands: understanding dormancy loss and germination temperature requirements SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold stratification; prairie pothole wetlands; sedge; seed ecology; wetland restoration ID RECENTLY RESTORED WETLANDS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; SEED-GERMINATION; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; SEDGES CAREX; COSTA-RICA; NITRATE-N; RESTORATION; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION AB Carex is a globally distributed genus with more than 2000 species worldwide and Carex species are the characteristic vegetation of sedge meadow wetlands. In the mid-continental United States, Carex species are dominant in natural freshwater wetlands yet are slow to recolonize hydrologically restored wetlands. To aid in Carex revegetation efforts, we determined the dormancy breaking and temperature germination requirements of 12 Carex species. Seeds were cold stratified at 5/1 degrees C for 0-6 months and then incubated in light at 5/1 degrees C, 14/1 degrees C, 22/8 degrees C, 27/15 degrees C, or 35/30 degrees C. We found that all Carex species produced conditionally dormant seeds. The optimal temperature for germination for all but three species was 27/15 degrees C. As is the case in other species with physiological dormancy, cold stratification increased germination percentages, broadened the temperature range suitable for germination, and increased germination rates for most species, but the magnitude of the effects varied among species. Many species germinated to 80% at 27/15 degrees C without cold stratification and at 22/8 degrees C with <= 1 month of stratification but required much longer stratification (up to 6 months depending on the species) to germinate to 80% at 14/1 degrees C and 35/30 degrees C. Our findings illustrate how a stratification pretreatment can greatly benefit Carex seed sowing efforts by triggering rapid germination to higher percentages. We recommend that cold stratification be targeted towards species with strong dormancy or used across a wider range of species when seed supplies for restoration are limiting. For Carex revegetation, establishing Carex canopies rapidly may help to prevent the invasion of undesirable species such as Phalaris arundinacea. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kettenring, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM KettenringK@si.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 193 IS 2 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9255-8 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 223OP UT WOS:000250380900001 ER PT J AU Hummer, DR Heaney, PJ Post, JE AF Hummer, D. R. Heaney, P. J. Post, J. E. TI Thermal expansion of anatase and rutile between 300 and 575 K using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE anatase; rutile; thermal expansion; synchrotron; powder diffraction ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PHASE-STABILITY; THIN-FILMS; PEAK; PARAMETERS; TITANIUM; BEHAVIOR AB High-precision unit-cell parameters for the TiO2 polymorphs anatase and rutile at temperatures between 300 and 575 K have been determined using Rietveld analysis of synchrotron powder XRD data. Polynomial models were used to express the tetragonal unit-cell parameters as a function of absolute temperature, with a (anatase)=1.759 37 x 10(-8) x T-2+6.418 16 x 10(-6) x T+3.779 84, c (anatase)=6.6545 x 10(-8) x T-2+4.0464 x 10(-5) x T+9.4910, V (anatase)=2.237 58 x 10(-6) x T-2 + 1.027 77 x 10(-3) x T+ 135.602, a (rutile)=-6.636 42 x 10(-11) x T-3+ 1.005 01 x 10(-7) x T-2-1.009 93 x 10(-5) x T+4.586 34, c (rutile)=-4.115 50 x 10(-1)1 x T-3+6.405 94 x 10(-8) x T-2+4.675 61 x 10(-7)T +2.95181, and V (rutile)=-2.7790 x 10(-9) x T-3+4.2386 x 10(-6) x T-2-3.3551 x 10(-4) x T+62.100. The polynomial expressions were used to calculate linear (alpha) and volume (beta) thermal expansion coefficients of anatase and rutile between 300 and 575 K. At 298.15 K, these values were alpha(a) =4.46943 x 10(-6) K-1, alpha(c)=8.4283 x 10(-6) K-1, and beta=17.3542 x 10(-6) K-1 for anatase, and alpha(a) =6.99953 x 10(-6) K-1, alpha(c)=9.36625 x 10(-6) K-1, and beta=28.680 x 10(-6) K-1 for rutile. (C) 2007 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Hummer, D. R.; Heaney, P. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Post, J. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hummer, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 26 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1154/1.2790965 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 240EZ UT WOS:000251571300016 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI American memory, culture wars, and the challenge of presenting science and technology in a National Museum SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the History-of-Science-Society CY NOV 04, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Hist Sic Soc DE National Air and Space Museum; Smithsonian; controversial exhibits; technology; science AB There is no question that the American public has an unabashed appetite for history. This is demonstrated in numerous ways from bestsellers by popular historians to tourism Lit historic sites and museums to the popularity of films and other media depicting versions of the past. Although historians might flunk that the discourse presented in most of these forums is simplistic and stilted, little doubt exists that it is passionate. This discussion explores a few of the issues affecting the public's deep fascination with the past, especially in the context of the history of science and technology, and the presentation of these issues in the Smithsonian Institution. These thoughts are tentative and speculative, but, I hope, stimulating and worthy of further consideration. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. OI Launius, Roger/0000-0003-1633-1253 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1525/tph.2007.29.1.13 PG 18 WC History SC History GA 146ZS UT WOS:000244973800004 ER PT J AU Henry, MK Gorshkov, AV Weinstein, YS Cappellaro, P Emerson, J Boulant, N Hodges, JS Ramanathan, C Havel, TF Martinez, R Cory, DG AF Henry, Michael K. Gorshkov, Alexey V. Weinstein, Yaakov S. Cappellaro, Paola Emerson, Joseph Boulant, Nicolas Hodges, Jonathan S. Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar Havel, Timothy F. Martinez, Rudy Cory, David G. TI Signatures of incoherence in a quantum information processor SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE decoherence; incoherence; open quantum system; fidelity decay; quantum error correction ID SYSTEMS; DECOHERENCE; COMPUTATION; PULSES; CODES; NOISE AB Incoherent noise is manifest in measurements of expectation values when the underlying ensemble evolves under a classical distribution of unitary processes. While many incoherent processes appear decoherent, there are important differences. The distribution functions underlying incoherent processes are either static or slowly varying with respect to control operations and so the errors introduced by these distributions are refocusable. The observation and control of incoherence in small Hilbert spaces is well known. Here we explore incoherence during an entangling operation, such as is relevant in quantum information processing. As expected, it is more difficult to separate incoherence and decoherence over such processes. However, by studying the fidelity decay under a cyclic entangling map we are able to identify distinctive experimental signatures of incoherence. This is demonstrated both through numerical simulations and experimentally in a three qubit nuclear magnetic resonance implementation. C1 Harvard Univ, MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Mitre Corp, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Appl Math, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Henry, MK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mkhenry@alum.mit.edu RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/C-5207-2008; Hodges, Jonathan/G-1034-2010; Cappellaro, Paola/B-1413-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013; OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/0000-0002-7457-3608; Cappellaro, Paola/0000-0003-3207-594X; Hodges, Jonathan/0000-0002-3487-6698 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 EI 1573-1332 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 6 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s11128-007-0063-4 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 239AI UT WOS:000251489500002 ER PT J AU Vega, FJ Nyborg, T Rojas-Briceno, A Patarroyo, P Luque, J Porras-Muzquiz, H Stinnesbeck, W AF Vega, Francisco J. Nyborg, Torrey Rojas-Briceno, Alexis Patarroyo, Pedro Luque, Javier Porras-Muzquiz, Hector Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang TI Upper Cretaceous Crustacea from Mexico and Colombia: similar faunas and environments during Turonian times SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE CIENCIAS GEOLOGICAS LA English DT Review DE Crustacea; Cretaceous; Turonian; Mexico; Colombia ID FAMILIES CALLIANASSIDAE; STOMATOPODS CRUSTACEA; DENTICULATA LUTZE; CRABS CRUSTACEA; CALAPPID CRABS; 1ST RECORD; DECAPODA; THALASSINIDEA; BRACHYURA; REDESCRIPTION AB Nine taxa represent the crustacean component of the Turonian fauna from the Eagle Ford Group limestones and marls that crop out in several quarries, northwest of Muzquiz, Coahuila, Mexico. Three crustacean taxa are found in common with deposits of similar age and paleoenvironment of the San Rafael Formation of Colombia. Planktic foraminifera, ammonoids, inoceramid bivalves, fishes, marine reptiles, a pterosaur and plant remains were preserved in the Muzquiz quarries, in what has been interpreted as an anoxic, low energy bottom at a water depth of no less than 50 m. The cirriped Stramentum preserved on the ammonite Forresteria is described. Stomatopod remains of the family Pseudosculdidae are described, their incompleteness and poor preservation prevent their detailed identification. One species of scyllarid lobster is included. An indeterminant species of nephropid lobster is also part of this assemblage. Presence of Gourretia aquilae (Rathbun) new combination, confirms correlation with the Eagle Ford Group in Texas. A systematic and morphologic review is provided for Cenomanocarcinus vanstraeleni Stenzel, a species widely distributed during Turonian times, and based on morphologic features of the abdomen and its relationship with coxae, it is assigned to the Podotremata. Also, preservation of soft tissue is reported from C. vanstraeleni and the scyllarid lobster. The raninid Cretacoranina sp. cf. C. dichrous (Stenzel) is also reported. In addition, two raninid taxa are described, their poor preservation prevents more detailed identification. The flattened appendages of C. vanstraeleni and of the raninid species suggest a burrowing habit and/or active swimming. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Loma Linda Univ, Dept Earth & Biol Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Geociencias, Bogota 14490, Colombia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Panama. Museo Muzquiz AC Zaragoza 209, Coahuila 26340, Mexico. Geol Palaodontol Inst, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Vega, FJ (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM vegver@servidor.unam.mx NR 102 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTRO GEOCIENCIAS UNAM PI QUERETARO PA CENTRO GEOCIENCIAS, UNAM, CAMPUS JURIQUILLA, QUERETARO, QRO 76230, MEXICO SN 1026-8774 J9 REV MEX CIENC GEOL JI Rev. Mex. Cienc. Geol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 403 EP 422 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 238PD UT WOS:000251458800009 ER PT J AU Alexis, K AF Alexis, Karin TI Edvard Munch: An anthology SO SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Alexis, Karin] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Alexis, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT SCAND STUD PI EUGENE PA UNIV OREGON DEPT GERMANIC LANG & LIT, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA SN 0036-5637 J9 SCAND STUD JI Scand. Stud. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 4 BP 520 EP 523 PG 4 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 248GH UT WOS:000252140100009 ER PT J AU Sonnert, G Fox, MF Adkins, K AF Sonnert, Gerhard Fox, Mary Frank Adkins, Kristen TI Undergraduate women in science and engineering: Effects of faculty, fields, and institutions over time SO SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; FEMALE STUDENTS; ROLE-MODELS; GENDER; SEX; EDUCATION; CAREERS; SCIENTISTS AB Objective. Taking an institutional approach to the determinants of outcomes for women in science and engineering, we examine the effects on women's percentages among undergraduate majors and among degree recipients of four basic factors: (1) the percentage of faculty who are women in the students' major science/engineering area; (2) the students' disciplines (biology, physical sciences, and engineering); (3) the type of institution in which students are enrolled ("Research I" vs. others); and (4) a time trend (1984-2000). Method. We use longitudinal, multivariate, and multi-institutional data from the Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS) and from a mail survey of registrars. Results. Over the observation period, the women's percentages have risen steadily. The effects of disciplines and departments are stronger than those of institutions. Especially notable is that the percentages of women among undergraduate science/engineering majors and degree recipients are associated with the percentages of women among the faculty in these fields. Conclusion. The findings contribute empirically to the discussion about the effects of "role models" for the participation and performance of women in science and engineering-and point to the strong effects of departments, compared to institutions, in accounting for degrees awarded to undergraduate women. C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Sonnert, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gsonnert@cfa.harvard.edu NR 48 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0038-4941 J9 SOC SCI QUART JI Soc. Sci. Q. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1333 EP 1356 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00505.x PG 24 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 228LB UT WOS:000250730300015 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM AF Nelson, Joan M. TI Elections, democracy, and social services SO STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LATIN-AMERICA; INFANT-MORTALITY; EDUCATION; UNIONS; NEOLIBERALISM AB How does democracy affect social services? Theory argues competitive elections create incentives for politicians to provide broad-based public goods. Quantitative research finds democracy increases spending, but has little or no impact on education and health outcomes, after appropriate controls are introduced. Not only money, but also equitable and efficient allocation and institutional reforms are crucial for better results. However, case studies suggest that democratic politics generate weak or negative incentives for politicians to promote reforms. When they do so, it is rarely because of electoral pressures. Democracy's impact on social services is much more complex, contingent, and nuanced than recent theorizing suggests. C1 Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Inst Malaysian & Int Studies, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. American Univ, Sch Int Serv, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Nelson, JM (reprint author), Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Inst Malaysian & Int Studies, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0039-3606 J9 STUD COMP INT DEV JI Stud. Comp. Int. Dev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 79 EP 97 DI 10.1007/BF02800472 PG 19 WC International Relations; Planning & Development; Political Science SC International Relations; Public Administration; Government & Law GA 147IV UT WOS:000244997500004 ER PT J AU De Queiroz, K AF De Queiroz, Kevin TI Species concepts and species delimitation SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Species Delimitation - New Approaches for Discovering Diversity CY 2006 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Soc Systemat Biologists DE species concept; species criteria; species delimitation ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; DNA TAXONOMY; GENE FLOW; BIOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY; PHYLOGENY; PATTERNS; CRITIQUE; BARRIERS; ECOLOGY AB The issue of species delimitation has long been confused with that of species conceptualization, leading to a half century of controversy concerning both the definition of the species category and methods for inferring the boundaries and numbers of species. Alternative species concepts agree in treating existence as a separately evolving metapopulation lineage as the primary defining property of the species category, but they disagree in adopting different properties acquired by lineages during the course of divergence (e.g., intrinsic reproductive isolation, diagnosability, monophyly) as secondary defining properties (secondary species criteria). A unified species concept can be achieved by treating existence as a separately evolving metapopulation lineage as the only necessary property of species and the former secondary species criteria as different lines of evidence (operational criteria) relevant to assessing lineage separation. This unified concept of species has several consequences for species delimitation, including the following: First, the issues of species conceptualization and species delimitation are clearly separated; the former secondary species criteria are no longer considered relevant to species conceptualization but only to species delimitation. Second, all of the properties formerly treated as secondary species criteria are relevant to species delimitation to the extent that they provide evidence of lineage separation. Third, the presence of any one of the properties (if appropriately interpreted) is evidence for the existence of a species, though more properties and thus more lines of evidence are associated with a higher degree of corroboration. Fourth, and perhaps most significantly, a unified species concept shifts emphasis away from the traditional species criteria, encouraging biologists to develop new methods of species delimitation that are not tied to those properties. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP De Queiroz, K (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dequeirozk@si.edu NR 67 TC 976 Z9 1015 U1 43 U2 303 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1080/10635150701701083 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 251GI UT WOS:000252360100002 PM 18027281 ER PT J AU De Queiroz, K AF De Queiroz, Kevin TI Toward an integrated system of clade names SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apomorphy; branch; clade; crown clade; names; node; stem; total clade ID PHYLOGENETIC NOMENCLATURE; TAXON NAMES; DEFINITIONS; MAMMALIA; CLASSIFICATION; DINOSAURIA; CATEGORIES; REPTILIA; ORIGINS; TERMS AB Although the proposition that higher taxa should correspond to clades is widely accepted, current nomenclature does not distinguish clearly between different clades in nested series. In particular, the same name is often applied to a total clade, its crown clade, and clades originating with various nodes, branches, and apomorphies in between. An integrated system of clade names is described based on categories of clades defined with respect to lineages that have survived to the present time. In this system, the most widely known names are applied to crown clades, the names of total clades are formed by adding a standard prefix to the names of the corresponding crowns, and the names of apomorphy clades describe the specific apornorphies with which they originated. Relative to traditional approaches, this integrated approach to naming clades is both more precise concerning the associations of names with particular clades and more efficient with regard to the cognitive effort required to recognize the names of corresponding crown and total clades. It also seems preferable to five alternatives that could be used to make the same distinctions. The integrated system of clade names has several advantages, including the facilitation of communication among biologists who study distantly related clades, promoting a broader conceptualization of the origins of distinctive clades of extant organisms and emphasizing the continuous nature of evolution. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP De Queiroz, K (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dequeirozk@si.edu NR 74 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 956 EP 974 DI 10.1080/10635150701656378 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 251GI UT WOS:000252360100008 PM 18066930 ER PT J AU Cairns, SD Baco, A AF Cairns, Stephen D. Baco, Amy TI Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia : Primnoidae) SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Narella; Octocorallia; Primnoidae; Alaska; ND6; msh1; seamounts; new species ID ANTHOZOA; CNIDARIA; SEQUENCES; SEAMOUNT; PACIFIC AB Five new species of the octocorallian primnoid genus Narella are described from seven seamounts in the Gulf of Alaska, the first records of this genus from the region between Japan and the Galapagos, and including the deepest record of the genus at 4594 m. All species are illustrated with SEM of their sclerites, often with stereo pairs of the polyps. A list of the 32 valid species of Narella is given. DNA sequence analysis using the mitochondrial genes ND6 and msh1 was determined for all five species and outgroups, but little to no variation was found among the five morphospecies, consistent with the known slow rate of evolution of the mitochondrial genes in Octocorallia. C1 [Cairns, Stephen D.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Baco, Amy] Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Cairns, SD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM cairnss@si.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2000 J9 SYST BIODIVERS JI Syst. Biodivers. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 391 EP 407 DI 10.1017/S1477200007002472 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 241KE UT WOS:000251654500004 ER PT J AU Felder, DL Anker, A AF Felder, Darryl L. Anker, Arthur TI Description of Harperalpheus pequegnatae, new genus, new species from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Crustacea; Decapoda; Alpheidae; new genus; new species; Atlantic AB A new genus, Harperalpheus, gen. nov., is established for H. pequegnatae, sp. nov., on the basis of specimens collected from sandy subtidal sediments off Galveston, Texas, and Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. The holotype female, the largest and most intact specimen of the type series, is ovigerous and bears an appendix masculina on the second pleopod. The new genus is characterised by conspicuous, robust, equal sized chelipeds, which distinguish it from other known sympatric alpheid genera that lack an articulated posteroventral plate on the sixth abdominal pleuron. Additional distinguishing features of Horperalpheus, gen. nov., are the sharply produced pterygostomial angle of the carapace, orbital hoods concealing the eyes in dorsal view and lacking extracorneal teeth, the distinct rostrum having a posteriorly extended ventrorostral. keel, and the third maxilliped bearing a uniquely bilobed lateral plate on the coxa and lacking an arthrobranch. While this new species is not readily allied to any presently known alpheid genus, it appears to have some affinities with Coutieralpheus Anker and Felder, 2005, Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, and Parobetaeus Coutiere, 1896. C1 [Felder, Darryl L.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Anker, Arthur] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Felder, DL (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM dlf4517@louisiana.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2000 J9 SYST BIODIVERS JI Syst. Biodivers. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 455 EP 463 DI 10.1017/S1477200007002563 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 241KE UT WOS:000251654500008 ER PT J AU Hallager, S Lichtenberg, EM AF Hallager, Sara Lichtenberg, Elinor M. TI New display behavior in male Kori Bustard (Ardeotis kori struthiunculus) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Kori Bustards (Ardeotis kori) are polygynous and males display singly or in loose lek formations to females during the breeding season. A new display, head tossing, has been observed on repeated occasions by five different males (all Ardeouis kori struthiunculus) in the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Dallas Zoo, and San Diego Wild Animal Park. This display has not been reported for A. k. kori or in any other Ardeotis species. Trained behavior watchers recorded detailed observations of a male bustard's booming behavior and frequency in 2004 and 2005; over the 2 years they collected 407 hrs of booming data. Head tossing occurred when the male rapidly threw his head backward onto his back. The head tossing display further exposed the white neck feathers and the motion of head tossing was extremely visible. Head tossing was followed by a cessation of booming or was a transition between additional booming sessions. Head tossing primarily occurred at the end of a six-boom calling bout (90% of the time) and was observed infrequently (less than 2% of all booming bouts). Head tossing appears to occur predominantly during the early phases of the breeding cycle and may function as a territorial marker directed at other males, and potentially provides information about the rank of the displaying male. C1 [Hallager, Sara; Lichtenberg, Elinor M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Lichtenberg, Elinor M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hallager, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM hallagers@si.edu RI Lichtenberg, Elinor/I-4126-2012 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.1676/06-012.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 247WP UT WOS:000252113600029 ER PT J AU Culhane, L Harra, LK Baker, D van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Sun, J Doschek, GA Brooks, DH Lundquist, LL Kamio, S Young, PR Hansteen, VH AF Culhane, Len Harra, Louise K. Baker, Deborah van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia Sun, Jian Doschek, George A. Brooks, David H. Lundquist, Loraine L. Kamio, Suguru Young, Peter R. Hansteen, Viggo H. TI Hinode EUV study of jets in the sun's south polar corona SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : atmospheric motions; sun : corona; sun : UV radiation ID X-RAY JETS; TRANSITION REGION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; ENERGY DEPOSITION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; TELESCOPE; YOHKOH; CHROMOSPHERE; MISSION AB A number of coronal bright points and associated plasma jet features were seen in an observation of the South polar coronal hole during 2007 January. The 40 '' wide slot was used at the focus of the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer to provide spectral images for two of these events. Light curves are plotted for a number of emission lines that include He II 256 angstrom (0.079 MK) and cover the temperature interval from 0.4 MK to 5.0 MK. Jet speed measurements indicate values less than the escape velocity. The light curves show a post-jet enhancement in a number of the cooler coronal lines indicating that after a few minutes cooling, the plasma fell back to its original acceleration site. This behavior has not been previously observed by e.g., the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope due to the comparatively high temperature cut-off in its response. The observations are consistent with the existing models that involve magnetic reconnection between emerging flux and the ambient open field lines in the polar coronal hole. However we do not have sufficient coverage of lines from lower temperature ion species to register the Ha-emitting surge material that is associated with some of these models. C1 [Culhane, Len; Harra, Louise K.; Baker, Deborah; van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia; Sun, Jian] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Doschek, George A.; Brooks, David H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lundquist, Loraine L.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kamio, Suguru] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Young, Peter R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Hansteen, Viggo H.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Culhane, L (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM jlc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk NR 19 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S751 EP S756 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S751 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600027 ER PT J AU Kotoku, J Kano, R Tsuneta, S Katsukawa, Y Shimizu, T Sakao, T Shibasaki, K Deluca, EE Korreck, KE Golub, L Bobra, M AF Kotoku, Jun'ichi Kano, Ryouhei Tsuneta, Saku Katsukawa, Yukio Shimizu, Toshifumi Sakao, Taro Shibasaki, Kiyoto Deluca, Edward E. Korreck, Kelly E. Golub, Leon Bobra, Monica TI Magnetic feature and morphological study of X-ray bright points with Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : X-rays ID TELESCOPE; RECONNECTION; MISSION; YOHKOH; MODEL AB We observed X-ray bright points (XBPs) in a quiet region of the Sun with the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) aboard the Hinode satellite on 2006 December 19. XRT's high-resolution X-ray images revealed many XBPs with complicated structure and evolving dramatically with time. Almost all of the dynamic eruptions in the quiet region were composed of XBPs, and they had either loop or multiloop shapes, as is observed in larger flares. Brightening XBPs had strong magnetic fields with opposite polarities near their footpoints. While we have found a possible example of associated magnetic cancellation, other XBPs brighten and fade without any associated movement of the photospheric magnetic field. C1 [Kotoku, Jun'ichi; Kano, Ryouhei; Tsuneta, Saku; Katsukawa, Yukio] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Shimizu, Toshifumi; Sakao, Taro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Deluca, Edward E.; Korreck, Kelly E.; Golub, Leon; Bobra, Monica] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kotoku, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM junichi.kotoku@tiao.ac.jp NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S735 EP S743 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S735 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600025 ER PT J AU Li, H Sakura, T Ichimito, K Suematsu, Y Tsuneta, S Katsukawa, Y Shimizu, T Shine, RA Tarbell, TD Title, AM Lites, B Kubo, M Nagata, S Kotoku, J Shibasaki, K Saar, SH Bobra, M AF Li, Hui Sakura, Takashi Ichimito, Kiyoshi Suematsu, Yoshinori Tsuneta, Saku Katsukawa, Yukio Shimizu, Toshifumi Shine, Richard A. Tarbell, Theodore D. Title, Alan M. Lites, Bruce Kubo, Masahito Nagata, Shin'ichi Kotoku, Jun Shibasaki, Kiyoto Saar, Steven H. Bobra, Monica TI Response of the solar atmosphere to magnetic flux emergence from Hinode observations SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; EMERGING FLUX; REGION; LOOPS; MISSION; TRACE; BRIGHTENINGS; DYNAMICS; EVENTS AB In the present work, we used optical and X-ray data from the Hinode satellite to study the response of the solar chromosphere and the corona to the emerging flux in the photosphere. In total, twelve emerging flux regions (EFRs) were selected to conduct this study. The average separation of the two polarities and the lifetime of these EFRs were 3 ''.2 and 40 min, respectively. All of these regions showed corresponding enhanced emission in the Ca II H line and soft X-rays with different filters, indicating that these small-scale and short-lived EFRs heat the chromosphere and the corona to some extent. C1 [Li, Hui] Purple Mountain Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Sakura, Takashi; Ichimito, Kiyoshi; Suematsu, Yoshinori; Tsuneta, Saku; Katsukawa, Yukio; Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Shimizu, Toshifumi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Shine, Richard A.; Tarbell, Theodore D.; Title, Alan M.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Lites, Bruce; Kubo, Masahito] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Nagata, Shin'ichi] Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Gifu 5061314, Japan. [Saar, Steven H.; Bobra, Monica] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Purple Mountain Observ, 2 W Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM lihui@mail.pmo.ac.cn NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S643 EP S648 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S643 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600012 ER PT J AU Savcheva, A Cirtain, J DeLuca, EE Lundquist, LL Golub, L Weber, M Shimojo, M Shibasaki, K Sakao, T Narukage, N Tsuneta, S Kano, R AF Savcheva, Antonia Cirtain, Jonathan DeLuca, Edward E. Lundquist, Loraine L. Golub, Leon Weber, Mark Shimojo, Masumi Shibasaki, Kiyoto Sakao, Taro Narukage, Noriyuki Tsuneta, Saku Kano, Ryouhei TI A study of polar jet parameters based on Hinode XRT observations SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : activity; sun : corona; sun : magnetic field ID X-RAY JETS; H-ALPHA SURGES; TELESCOPE; SUN AB Hinode/SOHO campaign 7197 is the most extensive study of polar jet formation and evolution from within both the north and south polar coronal holes so far. For the first time, this study showed that the appearance of X-ray jets in the solar coronal holes occurs at very high frequency - about 60 jets d(-1) on average. Using observations collected by the X-Ray Telescope on Hinode, a number of physical parameters from a large sample of jets were statistically studied. We measured the apparent outward velocity, the height, the width and the lifetime of the jets. In our sample, all of these parameters show peaked distributions with maxima at 160 km s(-1) for the outward velocity, 5 x 10(4) km for the height, 8 x 10(3) km for the width, and about 10 min for the lifetime of the jets. We also present the first statistical study of jet transverse motions, which obtained transverse velocities of 0 - 35 km s(-1). These values were obtained on the basis of a larger (in terms of frequency) and better sampled set of events than what was previously statistically studied (Shimojo et a]. 1996, PASJ, 48, 123). The results were made possible by the unique characteristics of XRT. We describe the methods used to determine the characteristics and set some future goals. We also show that despite some possible selection effects, jets preferably occur inside the polar coronal holes. C1 [Savcheva, Antonia; Cirtain, Jonathan; DeLuca, Edward E.; Lundquist, Loraine L.; Golub, Leon; Weber, Mark] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Shimojo, Masumi; Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Nobeyama, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Sakao, Taro; Narukage, Noriyuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Tsuneta, Saku; Kano, Ryouhei] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Savcheva, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM asavcheva@cfa.harvard.edu RI Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016 OI Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749 NR 11 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S771 EP S778 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S771 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600030 ER PT J AU Shimizu, T Katsukawa, Y Matsuzaki, K Ichimoto, K Kano, R DeLuca, EE Lundquist, LL Weber, M Tarbell, TD Shine, RA Sooma, M Tsuneta, S Sakao, T Minesugi, K AF Shimizu, Toshifumi Katsukawa, Yukio Matsuzaki, Keiichi Ichimoto, Kiyoshi Kano, Ryohei DeLuca, Edward E. Lundquist, Loraine L. Weber, Mark Tarbell, Theodore D. Shine, Richard A. Soma, Mitsuru Tsuneta, Saku Sakao, Taro Minesugi, Kenji TI Hinode calibration for precise image Co-alignment between SOT and XRT (2006 November-2007 April) SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; space vehicles : instruments; Sun : corona; Sun : photospherechromosphere; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID TELESCOPE; MISSION AB To understand the physical mechanisms for activity and heating in the solar atmosphere, the magnetic coupling from the photosphere to the corona is an important piece of information from the Hinode observations, and therefore precise positional alignment is required among the data acquired by different telescopes. The Hinode spacecraft and its onboard telescopes were developed to allow us to investigate magnetic coupling with co-alignment accuracy better than 1 ''. Using the Mercury transit observed on 2006 November 8 and co-alignment measurements regularly performed on a weekly basis, we have determined the information necessary for precise image co-alignment, and have confirmed that co-alignment better than 1 '' can be realized between Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) and X-Ray Telescope (XRT) with our baseline co-alignment method. This paper presents results from the calibration for precise co-alignment of CCD images from SOT and XRT. C1 [Shimizu, Toshifumi; Matsuzaki, Keiichi; Sakao, Taro; Minesugi, Kenji] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Katsukawa, Yukio; Ichimoto, Kiyoshi; Kano, Ryohei; Soma, Mitsuru; Tsuneta, Saku] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [DeLuca, Edward E.; Lundquist, Loraine L.; Weber, Mark] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tarbell, Theodore D.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Shimizu, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM shimizu.toshifumi@isas.jaxa.jp NR 13 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S845 EP S852 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S845 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600040 ER PT J AU Shimojo, M Narukage, N Kano, R Sakao, T Tsuneta, S Shibasaki, K Cirtain, JW Lundquist, LL Reeves, KK Savcheva, A AF Shimojo, Masumi Narukage, Noriyuki Kano, Ryohei Sakao, Taro Tsuneta, Saku Shibasaki, Kiyoto Cirtain, Jonathan W. Lundquist, Loraine L. Reeves, Katherine K. Savcheva, Antonia TI Fine structures of solar X-ray jets observed with the X-ray Telescope aboard Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : flare; sun : x-rays, gamma rays ID H-ALPHA SURGES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION MODEL; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE; MISSION; YOHKOH; SIMULATIONS; ORIGIN; RADIO; SUN AB The X-Ray Telescope (XRT) aboard Hinode has revealed the fine structure of solar X-ray jets. One of the fine structures observed by XRT is an expanding loop. The loop appeared near the footpoint of the jet when footpoint brightening was observed. Additionally, we have found that the X-ray jets began just after the expanding loop "breaks". Other fine structures discovered by XRT are thread-like features along the axis of the jets. XRT has shown that these thread structures compose the cross-section of jets. The fine structures and their motions strongly support an X-ray jet model based on magnetic reconnection, and also suggest that we must consider the three-dimensional configuration of the magnetic field to understand the jet phenomenon. We also investigated the reverse jet associated with the X-ray jet in the quiet Sun, and propose that the reverse jet is produced by heat conduction, or a MHD wave subsequent to the main jet. C1 [Shimojo, Masumi; Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Narukage, Noriyuki; Sakao, Taro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kano, Ryohei; Tsuneta, Saku] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Cirtain, Jonathan W.; Lundquist, Loraine L.; Reeves, Katherine K.; Savcheva, Antonia] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shimojo, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, 462-2 Nobeyama, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. EM shimojo@nro.nao.ac.jp RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016 OI Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S745 EP S750 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S745 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600026 ER PT J AU Sterling, AC Moore, RL Berger, TE Bobra, M Davis, JM Jibben, P Kano, R Lundquist, LL Myers, D Narukage, N Sakao, T Shibasaki, K Shine, RA Tarbell, TD Weber, M AF Sterling, Alphonse C. Moore, Ronald L. Berger, Thomas E. Bobra, Monica Davis, John M. Jibben, Patricia Kano, Ryohei Lundquist, Loraine L. Myers, D. Narukage, Noriyuki Sakao, Taro Shibasaki, Kiyoto Shine, Richard A. Tarbell, Theodore D. Weber, Mark TI Hinode observations of the onset stage of a solar filament eruption SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : filaments; sun : flares; sun : UV radiation; sun : x-rays, gamma rays ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLARES; RECONNECTION; MISSION; CME AB We used Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) filtergraph (FG) Stokes-V magnetogram observations, to study the early onset of a solar eruption that includes an erupting filament that we observe in TRACE EUV images. The filament undergoes a slow rise for at least 20min prior to its fast eruption and strong soft X-ray (SXR) flaring; such slow rises have been previously reported, and the new Hinode data elucidate the physical processes occurring during this period. XRT images show that during the slow-rise phase, an SXR sigmoid forms from apparent reconnection low in the sheared core field traced by the filament, and there is a low-level intensity peak in both EUV and SXRs during the slow rise. MDI and SOT FG Stokes-V magnetograms show that the pre-eruption filament is along a neutral line between opposing-polarity enhanced network cells, and the SOT magnetograms show that these opposing fields are flowing together and canceling for at least six hours prior to eruption. From the MDI data we measured the canceling network fields to be similar to 40 G, and we estimated that similar to 10(19) Mx of flux canceled during the five hours prior to eruption; this is only similar to 5% of the total flux spanned by the eruption and flare, but apparently its tether-cutting cancellation was enough to destabilize the sigmoid field holding the filament and resulted in that field's eruption. C1 [Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.; Davis, John M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off VP62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Sterling, Alphonse C.; Narukage, Noriyuki; Sakao, Taro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Berger, Thomas E.; Shine, Richard A.; Tarbell, Theodore D.] Lockheed Palo Alto Res Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Bobra, Monica; Jibben, Patricia; Lundquist, Loraine L.; Weber, Mark] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kano, Ryohei] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Myers, D.] Adnet Syst Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP Sterling, AC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off VP62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM asterling@spd.aas.org NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S823 EP S829 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S823 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600037 ER PT J AU Su, Y Golub, L Van Ballegooijen, A Deluca, EE Reeves, KK Sakao, T Kano, R Narukage, N Shibasaki, K AF Su, Yingna Golub, Leon Van Ballegooijen, Adriaan Deluca, Edward E. Reeves, Kathy K. Sakao, Taro Kano, Ryouhei Narukage, Noriyuki Shibasaki, Kiyoto TI Evolution of the sheared magnetic fields of two X-class flares observed by Hinode/XRT SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : filaments; sun : flares; sun : magnetic fields; sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR-B; RELAXATION; MISSION; MOTION; YOHKOH AB We present multi-wavelength observations of the evolution of the sheared magnetic fields in NOAA Active Region 10930, where two X-class flares occurred on 2006 December 13 and December 14, respectively. Observations made with the X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) aboard Hinode suggest that the gradual formation of the sheared magnetic fields in this active region is caused by the rotation and west-to-east motion of an emerging sunspot. In the pre-flare phase of the two flares, XRT shows several highly sheared X-ray loops in the core field region, corresponding to a filament seen in the TRACE EUV observations. XRT observations also show that part of the sheared core field erupted, and another part of the sheared core field stayed behind during the flares, which may explain why a large part of the filament is still seen by TRACE after the flare. About 2 - 3 hours after the peak of each flare, the core field becomes visible in XRT again, and shows a highly sheared inner and less-sheared outer structure. We also find that the post-flare core field is clearly less sheared than the pre-flare core field, which is consistent with the idea that the energy released during the flares is stored in the highly sheared fields prior to the flare. C1 [Su, Yingna; Golub, Leon; Van Ballegooijen, Adriaan; Deluca, Edward E.; Reeves, Kathy K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Su, Yingna] Acad Sinica, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Su, Yingna] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Sakao, Taro; Narukage, Noriyuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kano, Ryouhei] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP Su, Y (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ynsu@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Su, Yingna/J-1674-2012; Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S785 EP S791 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S785 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600032 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I Brooks, DH Cirtain, JW Williams, DR Hara, H AF Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Brooks, David H. Cirtain, Jonathan W. Williams, David R. Hara, Hirohisa TI Observations of transient active region heating with Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona ID SOFT-X-RAY; CORONAL-EXPLORER; LOOPS; TELESCOPE; SUN; BRIGHTENINGS; MISSION; YOHKOH; TRACE AB We present observations of transient active region heating events observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode. This initial investigation focuses on NOAA active region 10940 as observed by Hinode on 2007 February 1 between 12 and 19UT. In these observations we find numerous examples of transient heating events within the active region. The high spatial resolution and broad temperature coverage of these instruments allows us to track the evolution of coronal plasma. The evolution of the emission observed with XRT and EIS during these events is generally consistent with loops that have been heated and are cooling. We have analyzed the most energetic heating event observed during this period, a small GOES B-class flare, in some detail and present some of the spectral signatures of the event, such as relative Doppler shifts at one of the loop footpoints and enhanced line widths during the rise phase of the event. While the analysis of these transient events has the potential to yield insights into the coronal heating mechanism, these observations do not rule out the possibility that there is a strong steady heating level in the active region. Detailed statistical analysis will be required to address this question definitively. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Brooks, David H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Brooks, David H.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cirtain, Jonathan W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Williams, David R.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; Williams, David/E-6676-2011 OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S675 EP S681 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S675 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600017 ER PT J AU Weber, M DeLuca, EE Golub, L Cirtain, J Kano, R Sakao, T Shibasaki, K Narukage, N AF Weber, Mark DeLuca, Edward E. Golub, Leon Cirtain, Jonathan Kano, Ryouhei Sakao, Taro Shibasaki, Kiyoto Narukage, Noriyuki TI An on-orbit determination of the on-axis point spread function of the hinode X-ray telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : high angular resolution; sun : X-rays, gamma rays; techniques : high angular resolution ID MISSION AB The Hinode X-ray Telescope provides unprecedented observations of the solar corona in X-rays, due in part to its fine resolution. The X-ray point spread function (PSF) was measured before launch at the NASA X-ray Calibration Facility to have a FWHM of 0 ''.8. This paper describes the work to verify the PSF measurements using on-orbit observations of planetary transits and solar eclipses. Analysis of a Mercury transit gives a PSF FWHM 1 '' 0 +/- 0.'' 12. C1 [Weber, Mark; DeLuca, Edward E.; Golub, Leon; Cirtain, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. [Kano, Ryouhei] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Sakao, Taro; Narukage, Noriyuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Weber, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. EM mweber@cfa.harvard.edu NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S853 EP S855 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S853 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600041 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Practical mystic: Religion, science, and A.S. Eddington SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7169 BP 480 EP 480 DI 10.1038/450480a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 234JW UT WOS:000251158500020 ER PT J AU Feeley, KJ Davies, SJ Ashton, PS Bunyavejchewin, S Supardi, MNN Kassim, AR Tan, S Chave, J AF Feeley, Kenneth J. Davies, Stuart J. Ashton, Peter S. Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh Supardi, M. N. Nur Kassim, Abd Rahman Tan, Sylvester Chave, Jerome TI The role of gap phase processes in the biomass dynamics of tropical forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; carbon dioxide; disturbance; global change; succession; tree-fall gaps ID UNDISTURBED AMAZONIAN FORESTS; LONG-TERM PLOTS; ELEVATED CO2; TREE COMMUNITIES; GLOBAL CHANGE; PERVASIVE ALTERATION; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAIN-FORESTS AB The responses of tropical forests to global anthropogenic disturbances remain poorly understood. Above-ground woody biomass in some tropical forest plots has increased over the past several decades, potentially reflecting a widespread response to increased resource availability, for example, due to elevated atmospheric CO2 and/or nutrient deposition. However, previous studies of biomass dynamics have not accounted for natural patterns of disturbance and gap phase regeneration, making it difficult to quantify the importance of environmental changes. Using spatially explicit census data from large (50 ha) inventory plots, we investigated the influence of gap phase processes on the biomass dynamics of four 'old-growth' tropical forests (Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama; Pasoh and Lambir, Malaysia; and Huai Kha Khaeng (HKK), Thailand). We show that biomass increases were gradual and concentrated in earlier-phase forest patches, while biomass losses were generally of greater magnitude but concentrated in rarer later-phase patches. We then estimate the rate of biomass change at each site independent of gap phase dynamics using reduced major axis regressions and ANCOVA tests. Above-ground woody biomass increased significantly at Pasoh (+0.72% yr(-1)) and decreased at HKK (-0.56% yr(-1)) independent of changes in gap phase but remained stable at both BCI and Lambir. We conclude that gap phase processes play an important role in the biomass dynamics of tropical forests, and that quantifying the role of gap phase processes will help improve our understanding of the factors driving changes in forest biomass as well as their place in the global carbon budget. C1 Harvard Univ, Arnold Arborteum Asia Program, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Thai Royal Forest Dept, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City 34002, Panama. Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Forest Environm Div, Kuala Lumpur 52109, Malaysia. Jalan Datuk Amar Kalong Ningkan, Sarawak Forest Corp, Forest Res Ctr, Kuching 93250, Sarawak, Malaysia. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. RP Feeley, KJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Arnold Arborteum Asia Program, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kfeeley@oeb.harvard.edu RI Feeley, Kenneth/A-7631-2009 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1627 BP 2857 EP 2864 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0954 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 225YU UT WOS:000250555000011 PM 17785266 ER PT J AU Rix, SA Pettini, M Steidel, CC Reddy, NA Adelberger, KL Erb, DK Shapley, AE AF Rix, Samantha A. Pettini, Max Steidel, Charles C. Reddy, Naveen A. Adelberger, Kurt L. Erb, Dawn K. Shapley, Alice E. TI The sightline to Q2343-BX415: Clues to galaxy formation in a quasar environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : abundances; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (Q2343-BX415) ID LYMAN-ALPHA SYSTEMS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; C-IV ABSORPTION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; STELLAR OBJECTS; CORALS SURVEY; LINE REGIONS; THAN-ZEM; SPECTRA AB We have discovered a strong DLA coincident in redshift with the faint QSO Q2343-BX415 (R = 20.2, z(em) = 2: 57393). Follow-up observations at intermediate spectral resolution reveal that the metal lines associated with this proximate DLA (PDLA) consist of two sets of absorption components. One set is moving toward the quasar with velocities of similar to 150-600 km s(-1); this gas is highly ionized and does not fully cover the continuumsource, suggesting that it is physically close to the active nucleus. The other, which accounts for most of the neutral gas, is blueshifted relative to the QSO, with the strongest component at similar to-160 km s(-1). We consider the possibility that the PDLA arises in the outflowing interstellar medium of the host galaxy of Q2343-BX415, an interpretation supported by strong C IV and N V absorption at nearby velocities, and by the intense radiation field longward of the Lyman limit implied by the high C II*/H I ratio. If Q2343-BX415 is the main source of these UV photons, then the PDLA is located at either similar to 8 or similar to 37 kpc from the active nucleus. Alternatively, the absorber may be a foreground star-forming galaxy unrelated to the quasar and coincidentally at the same redshift, but our deep imaging and follow-up spectroscopy of the field of Q2343-BX415 has not yet produced a likely candidate. We measure the abundances of 14 elements in the PDLA, finding an overall metallicity of similar to 1/5 solar and a normal pattern of relative element abundances for this metallicity. Thus, in this PDLA there is no evidence for the supersolar metallicities that have been claimed for some proximate, high-ionization, systems. C1 Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain. Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. McKinsey & Co Inc, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Rix, SA (reprint author), Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, Apartado Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 15 EP 38 DI 10.1086/521808 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400002 ER PT J AU Lidz, A McQuinn, M Zaldarriaga, M Hernquist, L Dutta, S AF Lidz, Adam McQuinn, Matthew Zaldarriaga, Matias Hernquist, Lars Dutta, Suvendra TI Quasar proximity zones and patchy reionization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe ID LY-ALPHA FOREST; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; SIMULATING COSMIC REIONIZATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; GUNN-PETERSON TROUGH; LYMAN LIMIT SYSTEMS; FLUX POWER SPECTRUM; LOW-MASS GALAXIES AB Ly alpha forest absorption spectra toward quasars at z similar to 6 show regions of enhanced transmission close to their source. Several authors have argued that the apparently small sizes of these regions indicate that quasar ionization fronts at z greater than or similar to 6 expand into a largely or partly neutral IGM. Assuming that the typical region in the IGM is reionized by z <= 6, as is suggested by Ly alpha forest observations, we argue that at least 50% of the volume of the IGM was reionized before the highest redshift quasars turned on. Further, even if the IGM is as much as similar to 50% neutral at quasar turn- on, the quasars are likely born into large galaxy- generated H II regions. The H II regions during reionization are themselves clustered, and using radiative transfer simulations, we find that long skewers through the IGM toward quasar progenitor halos pass entirely through ionized bubbles, even when the IGM is half- neutral. These effects have been neglected in most previous analyses of quasar proximity zones, which assumed a spatially uniform neutral fraction. We model the subsequent ionization from a quasar and construct mock Ly alpha forest spectra. Our mock absorption spectra are more sensitive to the level of small- scale structure in the IGM than to the volume- averaged neutral fraction and suggest that existing proximity zone size measurements are compatible with a fully ionized IGM. However, we mention several improvements in our modeling that are necessary to make more definitive conclusions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lidz, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM alidz@cfa.harvard.edu NR 125 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1086/521974 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400003 ER PT J AU Chou, RCY Peck, AB Lim, J Matsushita, S Muller, S Sawada-Satoh, S Trung, DV AF Chou, Richard C. Y. Peck, A. B. Lim, J. Matsushita, S. Muller, S. Sawada-Satoh, S. Trung, Dinh-V TI The circumnuclear molecular gas in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4945 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (NGC4945); galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : starburst; intergalactic medium; radio lines : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; NEARBY GALAXIES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; CIRCINUS GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION; DENSE GAS; EMISSION; STARBURST; CO; CLOUDS AB We have mapped the central region of NGC 4945 in the J = 2 -> 1 transition of (CO)-C-12, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18, as well as the continuum at similar to 1.3 mm, at an angular resolution of 5" x 3" with the Submillimeter Array. The relative proximity of NGC 4945 (distance of only 3.8 Mpc) permits a detailed study of the circumnuclear molecular gas and dust in a galaxy exhibiting both an active galactic nucleus (AGN; classified as Seyfert 2) and a circumnuclear starburst in an inclined ring with radius similar to 2.5" (similar to 50 pc). We infer the systemic velocity similar to 585 km s(-1) from chanel maps and PV-diagrams. We find that all three molecular lines trace an inclined rotating disk with the major axis aligned with that of the starburst ring and large-scale galactic disk and which exhibits solid-body rotation within a radius of similar to 5" (similar to 95 pc). The rotation curve flattens beyond this radius, and the isovelocity contours exhibit an S-shaped asymmetry suggestive of a highly inclined bar, as has been invoked to produce a similar asymmetry observed on larger scales. We infer an inclination for the nuclear disk of 62 degrees +/- 2 degrees, somewhat smaller than the inclination of the large-scale galactic disk of similar to 78 degrees. The continuum emission at 1.3 mm also extends beyond the starburst ring and is dominated by thermal emission from dust. If it traces the same dust emitting in the far-infrared, then the bulk of this dust must be heated by star-formation activity rather than the AGN. We discover a kinematically decoupled component at the center of the disk with a radius smaller than 1.4" (27 pc), but which spans approximately the same range of velocities as the surrounding disk. This component has a higher density than its surroundings and is a promising candidate for the circumnuclear molecular torus invoked by AGN unification models. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S3H4, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. LERMA, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Chou, RCY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, PO Box 23-141, Taipei, Taiwan. EM chou@astro.utoronto.ca; apeck@cfa.harvard.edu; jlim@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; muller@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; satoki@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; trung@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw OI /0000-0002-9931-1313 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 116 EP 128 DI 10.1086/521351 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400008 ER PT J AU Holden, BP Illingworth, GD Franx, M Blakeslee, JP Postman, M Kelson, DD Van der Wel, A Demarco, R Magee, DK Tran, KV Zirm, A Ford, H Rosati, P Homeier, N AF Holden, B. P. Illingworth, G. D. Franx, M. Blakeslee, J. P. Postman, M. Kelson, D. D. Van der Wel, A. Demarco, R. Magee, D. K. Tran, K. -V. Zirm, A. Ford, H. Rosati, P. Homeier, N. TI Mass selection and the evolution of the morphology- density relation from z=0.8 to 0 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular,cD; galaxies : evolution galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; CLUSTER CL 1358+62; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; X-RAY DATA; STAR-FORMATION; COMA CLUSTER AB We examined the morphology-density relations for galaxy samples selected by luminosity and by mass in each of five massive X-ray clusters from z = 0.023 to 0.83 for 674 spectroscopically confirmed members. Rest-frame optical colors and visual morphologies were obtained primarily from Hubble Space Telescope images. The visual morphologies ensure consistency with the extensive published results on galaxy evolution in dense environments. Morphologydensity relations (MDRs) are derived in each cluster from a complete, luminosity-selected sample of 452 galaxies with a magnitude limit M-V < M-V(star) + 1. The change in the early-type fraction with redshift matches previous work for massive clusters of galaxies. We performed a similar analysis, deriving MDRs for complete, mass-selected samples of 441 galaxies with a mass limit of 10(10.6) M-circle dot. Our mass limit includes faint objects, the equivalent of similar or equal to 1 mag below L-star for the red cluster galaxies, and encompasses similar or equal to 70% of the stellar mass in cluster galaxies. The MDRs in the massselected sample at densities of Sigma > 50 galaxies Mpc(-2) are similar to those in the luminosity-selected sample but show larger early-type fractions, with a weak indication of a shallower slope. However, the trend with redshift in the fraction of elliptical and S0 galaxies with masses > 10(10.6) M-circle dot differs significantly between the mass-and luminosityselected samples. The clear trend seen in the early-type fraction from z = 0 to similar or equal to 0.8 is not found in mass-selected samples. The early-type galaxy fraction changes much less and is consistent with being constant at 92% +/- 4% at Sigma > 500 galaxies Mpc(-2) and 83% +/- 3% at 50 galaxies Mpc(-2) < Sigma < 500 galaxies Mpc(-2). Given the mass limit in our sample, this suggests that galaxies of mass lower than > 10(10.6) M-circle dot play a significant role in the evolution of the early-type fraction in luminosity-selected samples; i. e., they are larger contributors to the luminosity-selected samples at higher redshifts than at low redshifts. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95065 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM holden@ucolick.org; gdi@ucolick.org; franx@strw.leidenuniv.nl; jblakes@wsu.edu; postman@stsci.edu; kelson@ociw.edu; wel@pha.jhu.edu; demarco@pha.jhu.edu; magee@ucolick.org; vy@strw.leidenuniv.nl; azirm@pha.jhu.edu; ford@pha.jhu.edu; prosati@eso.org RI van der Wel, Arjen/G-8365-2011 NR 91 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 190 EP 205 DI 10.1086/521777 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400012 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Cox, TJ Seth, AC Hernquist, L AF Younger, Joshua D. Cox, T. J. Seth, Anil C. Hernquist, Lars TI Antitruncated stellar disks via minor mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions galaxies :; kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : structure; methods : n-body simulations ID QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; GAS MASS FRACTIONS; ON SPIRAL GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER HALOS; BLACK-HOLES; GALACTIC DISKS; SINKING SATELLITES; THICK DISK AB We use hydrodynamic simulations of minor mergers of galaxies to investigate the nature of surface brightness excesses at large radii observed in some spiral galaxies: antitruncated stellar disks. We find that this process can produce the antitruncation via two competing effects: (1) merger-driven gas inflows that concentrate mass in the center of the primary galaxy and contract its inner density profile; and (2) angular momentum transferred outward by the interaction, causing the outer disk to expand. In our experiments, this requires both a significant supply of gas in the primary disk, and that the encounter be prograde with moderate orbital angular momentum. The stellar surface mass density profiles of our remnants both qualitatively and quantitatively resemble the broken exponentials observed in local face-on spirals that display antitruncations. Moreover, the observed trend toward more frequent antitruncation relative to classical truncation in earlier Hubble types is consistent with a merger-driven scenario. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jyounger@cfa.harvard.edu NR 105 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1086/521976 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400019 ER PT J AU Hoogerwerf, R Szentgyorgyi, A Raymond, J Brickhouse, NS Slane, PO Franco, J AF Hoogerwerf, Ronnie Szentgyorgyi, Andrew Raymond, John Brickhouse, Nancy S. Slane, Patrick O. Franco, Jose TI The high-excitation planetary nebula NGC 246. II. FUSE and Chandra observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : formation; planetary nebulae : individual (NGC 246); techniques : spectroscopic; ultraviolet : stars; X-rays : stars ID NLTE MODEL ATMOSPHERES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; STARS; SOLAR; EVOLUTION; SCATTERING; ANGSTROM; BIPOLAR AB This paper presents Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) medium-resolution slit and Chandra X-Ray Observatory ACIS-S observations of the high-excitation planetary nebula NGC 246. The Ne v lambda 1146 and [Ne v] lambda 3426 emission lines, the latter obtained in a previous investigation, indicate that the nebula is photoionized by the intense UV radiation of the central object and has a temperature of similar to 20,000 K. The O VI lambda 1032 and lambda 1037 emission lines are moderately optically thick and probably contain contributions from both collisional excitation and radiative scattering of the UV continuum of the central star. The Chandra observation did not detect any X-ray emission from the nebula, but did detect the central star. The absence of nebular X-ray emission and the photoionized nature of the nebula support the hypothesis that the nebula contains a biconical cavity, which extends to the edge of the nebula. In this geometry the stellar wind does not shock the nebular material, resulting only in a cool photoionized plasma. The X-ray spectrum of the central object is consistent with NLTE models for PG 1159-type stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Hoogerwerf, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 31, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rhoogerwerf@cfa.harvard.edu; aszentgyorgyi@cfa.harvard.edu; jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu; nbrickhouse@cfa.harvard.edu; pslane@cfa.harvard.edu; pepe@astroscu.unam.mx OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 442 EP 448 DI 10.1086/521637 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400031 ER PT J AU Groppi, CE Hunter, TR Blundell, R Sandell, G AF Groppi, Christopher E. Hunter, Todd R. Blundell, Raymond Sandell, Goeran TI High spatial resolution observations of two young protostars in the R corona australis region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (R Corona Australis); ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; STELLAR OBJECTS; X-RAY; MOLECULAR CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION; RADIO-EMISSION; CLUSTER; CORE; TELESCOPE; OUTFLOWS AB We present multiwavelength, high spatial resolution imaging of the IRS 7 region in the R Corona Australis molecular cloud. Our observations include 1.1 mm continuum and HCO+ J = 3 -> 2 images from the Submillimeter Array (SMA), (CO)-C-12 J = 3 -> 2 outflow maps from the DesertStar heterodyne array receiver on the Heinrich Hertz Telescope (HHT), 450 and 850 mu m continuum images from SCUBA, and archival Spitzer IRAC and MIPS 24 mu m images. The accurate astrometry of the IRAC images allow us to identify IRS 7 with the centimeter source VLA 10W (IRS 7A) and the X-ray source X-W. The SMA 1.1 mm image reveals two compact continuum sources that are also distinguishable at 450 mu m. SMA1 coincides with X-ray source CXOUJ190156.4-365728 and VLA centimeter source 10E (IRS 7B) and is seen in the IRAC and MIPS images. SMA 2 has no infrared counterpart but coincides with centimeter source VLA 9. Spectral energy distributions constructed from SMA, SCUBA, and Spitzer data yield bolometric temperatures of 83 K for SMA 1 and <= 70 K for SMA 2. These temperatures along with the submillimeter to total luminosity ratios indicate that SMA 2 is a Class 0 protostar, while SMA1 is a Class 0/Class I transitional object (L = 17 +/- 6L circle dot). The (12)COJ = 3 -> 2 outflow map shows one major and possibly several smaller outflows centered on the IRS 7 region, with masses and energetics consistent with previous work. We identify the Class 0 source SMA 2/VLA 9 as the main driver of this outflow. The complex and clumpy spatial and velocity distribution of the HCO+ J = 3 -> 2 emission is not consistent with either bulk rotation, or any known molecular outflow activity. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Groppi, CE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cgroppi@as.arizona.edu RI Blundell, Richard/C-1552-2008; Groppi, Christopher/L-5284-2013 OI Blundell, Richard/0000-0003-1588-2299; Groppi, Christopher/0000-0002-2021-1628 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1086/521875 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400036 ER PT J AU Bogdanov, S Rybicki, GB Grindlay, JE AF Bogdanov, Slavko Rybicki, George B. Grindlay, Jonathan E. TI Constraints on neutron star properties from X-ray observations of millisecond pulsars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitation; pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR J0437-4715); relativity; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID MODEL ATMOSPHERES; RADIO PULSARS; LIGHT CURVES; HOT-SPOTS; THERMAL-RADIATION; EMISSION; J0437-4715; CHANDRA; FIELD; SURFACE AB We present a model of thermal X-ray emission from hot spots on the surface of a rotating compact star with an unmagnetized light-element atmosphere. An application to ROSAT, Chandra, and XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the nearest known rotation-powered millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR J0437-4715 reveals that the thermal emission from this pulsar is fully consistent with such a model, enabling constraints on important properties of the underlying neutron star. We confirm that the observed thermal X-ray pulsations from J0437-4715 are incompatible with blackbody emission and require the presence of an optically thick, light-element (most likely hydrogen) atmosphere on the neutron star surface. The morphology of the X-ray pulse profile is consistent with a global dipole configuration of the pulsar magnetic field but suggests an off-center magnetic axis, with a displacement of 0.8-Y3 km from the stellar center. For an assumed mass of 1.4 M circle dot, the model restricts the allowed stellar radii to R = 6.8-13.8 km (90% confidence) and R>6.7 km (99.9% confidence), which is consistent with standard NS equations of state and rules out an ultracompact star smaller than its photon sphere. Deeper spectroscopic and timing observations of this and other nearby radio MSPs with current and future X-ray facilities (Constellation-X and XEUS) can provide further insight into the fundamental properties of neutron stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bogdanov, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbogdanov@cfa.harvard.edu; grybicki@cfa.harvard.edu; jgrindlay@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742 NR 46 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 668 EP 676 DI 10.1086/520793 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400051 ER PT J AU Schoier, FL Fong, D Bieging, JH Wilner, DJ Young, K Hunter, TR AF Schoier, Fredrik L. Fong, David Bieging, John H. Wilner, David J. Young, Ken Hunter, Todd R. TI The distribution of h(13)cn in the circumstellar envelope around IRC+10216 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : carbon; stars : individual (IRC+10216); stars : mass loss ID CARBON STARS; SURROUNDING IRC+10216; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; AGB STARS; EMISSION; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; LINE; WATER AB (HCN)-C-13 J = 8 -> 7 submillimeter line emission produced in the circumstellar envelope around the extreme carbon star IRC+10216 has been imaged at subarcsecond angular resolution using the SMA. Supplemented by a detailed excitation analysis, the average fractional abundance of (HCN)-C-13 in the inner wind (less than or similar to 5 x 10(15) cm) is estimated to be about 4 x 10(-7), translating into a total HCN fractional abundance of 2 x 10(-5) using the isotopic ratio C-12/C-13 = 50. Multitransitional single-dish observations further require the H13CN fractional abundance to remain more or less constant in the envelope out to a radius of approximate to 4 x 10(16) cm, where the HCN molecules are effectively destroyed, most probably, by photodissociation. The large amount of HCN present in the inner wind provides effective line cooling that can dominate over that generated from CO line emission. It is also shown that great care needs to be taken in the radiative transfer modeling where nonlocal, and non-LTE, effects are important and where the radiation field from thermal dust grains plays a major role in exciting the HCN molecules. The amount of HCN present in the circumstellar envelope around IRC+10216 is consistent with predicted photospheric values based on equilibrium chemical models and indicates that any nonequilibrium chemistry occurring in the extended pulsating atmosphere has no drastic net effect on the fractional abundance of HCN molecules that enters the outer envelope. It further suggests that few HCN molecules are incorporated into dust grains. C1 AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Schoier, FL (reprint author), AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM schoier@chalmers.se NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 766 EP 773 DI 10.1086/522196 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400058 ER PT J AU Bakos, GA Kovacs, G Torres, G Fischer, DA Latham, DW Noyes, RW Sasselov, DD Mazeh, T Shporer, A Butler, RP Stefanik, RP Fernandez, JM Sozzetti, A Pal, A Johnson, J Marcy, GW Winn, JN Sipoecz, B Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Bakos, G. A. Kovacs, G. Torres, G. Fischer, D. A. Latham, D. W. Noyes, R. W. Sasselov, D. D. Mazeh, T. Shporer, A. Butler, R. P. Stefanik, R. P. Fernandez, J. M. Sozzetti, A. Pal, A. Johnson, J. Marcy, G. W. Winn, J. N. Sipoecz, B. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI Hd 147506b: A supermassive planet in an eccentric orbit transiting a bright star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 147506) ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; ECHELLE-SPECTROMETER; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; COOL STARS; STELLAR AB We report the discovery of a massive (M(p) = 9.04 +/- 0.50 M(J)) planet transiting the bright (V = 8.7) F8 star HD 147506, with an orbital period of 5.63341 +/- 0.00013 days and an eccentricity of e = 0.520 +/- 0.010. From the transit light curve we determine that the radius of the planet is R(p) = 0.982(-0.105)(+0.038) R(J). HD 147506b (also coined HAT-P-2b) has a mass about 9 times the average mass of previously known transiting exoplanets and a density of rho(p) approximate to 12 g cm(-3), greater than that of rocky planets like the Earth. Its mass and radius are marginally consistent with theories of structure of massive giant planets composed of pure H and He, and accounting for them may require a large (greater than or similar to 100M(circle plus)) core. The high eccentricity causes a ninefold variation of insolation of the planet between peri-and apastron. Using follow-up photometry, we find that the center of transit is T(mid) = 2,454,212.8559 +/- 0.0007 (HJD) and the transit duration is 0: 177 +/- 0.002 days. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Hungarian Astron Assoc, H-1461 Budapest, Hungary. RP Bakos, GA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009; OI Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 NR 56 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 826 EP 832 DI 10.1086/521866 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400063 ER PT J AU Brunetti, G Venturi, T Dallacasa, D Cassano, R Dolag, K Giacintucci, S Setti, G AF Brunetti, G. Venturi, T. Dallacasa, D. Cassano, R. Dolag, K. Giacintucci, S. Setti, G. TI Cosmic rays and radio halos in galaxy clusters: New constraints from radio observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies : clusters : general radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; radio continuum : general; X-rays : general ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PARTICLE REACCELERATION; ALFVENIC REACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC-PARTICLES; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; RELIC CANDIDATES; SHOCK-WAVES; SKY SURVEY; ELECTRONS AB Clusters of galaxies are sites of acceleration of charged particles and sources of nonthermal radiation. We report on new constraints on the population of cosmic rays in the intracluster medium (ICM) obtained via radio observations of a fairly large sample of massive, X-ray-luminous galaxy clusters in the redshift interval 0.2-0.4. The bulk of the observed galaxy clusters does not show any hint of megaparsec-scale synchrotron radio emission at the cluster center ( radio halo). We obtained solid upper limits to the diffuse radio emission and discuss their implications for the models for the origin of radio halos. Our measurements allow us to also derive a limit to the content of cosmic-ray protons in the ICM. Assuming spectral indices of these protons and delta = 2.1-2.4 mu G level magnetic fields, as from rotation measures, these limits are 1 order of magnitude deeper than present EGRET upper limits, while they are less stringent for steeper spectra and lower magnetic fields. C1 INA, IRA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Munich, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brunetti, G (reprint author), INA, IRA, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. OI Cassano, Rossella/0000-0003-4046-0637; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307; Brunetti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-4195-8613 NR 37 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1086/524037 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231RC UT WOS:000250965700002 ER PT J AU Kovacs, G Bakos, GA Torres, G Sozzetti, A Latham, DW Noyes, RW Butler, RP Marcy, GW Fischer, DA Fernandez, JM Esquerdo, G Sasselov, DD Stefanik, RP Pal, A Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Kovacs, G. Bakos, G. A. Torres, G. Sozzetti, A. Latham, D. W. Noyes, R. W. Butler, R. P. Marcy, G. W. Fischer, D. A. Fernandez, J. M. Esquerdo, G. Sasselov, D. D. Stefanik, R. P. Pal, A. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI Hat-P-4b: A metal-rich low-density transiting hot jupiter SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (BD+36 2593); techniques : photometric; techniques : spectroscopic ID SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; PLANET-SEARCH; K-DWARF; STARS; STELLAR; KECK; METALLICITY; ISOCHRONES; ALGORITHM; MODELS AB We describe the discovery of HAT-P-4b, a low-density extrasolar planet transiting BD +36 2593, a V = 11.2 mag slightly evolved metal-rich late F star. The planet's orbital period is 3.056536 +/- 0.000057 days with a midtransit epoch of 2,454,245.8154 +/- 0.0003 (HJD). Based on high-precision photometric and spectroscopic data, and by using transit light curve modeling, spectrum analysis, and evolutionary models, we derive the following planet parameters: M-p = 0.68 +/- 0.04 M-J, R-p = 1.27 +/- 0.05 R-J, rho(p) , = 0.41 +/- 0.06 g cm(-3), and a = 0.0446 +/- 0.0012 AU. Because of its relatively large radius, together with its assumed high metallicity (that of its parent star), this planet adds to the theoretical challenges of explaining inflated extrasolar planets. C1 Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Hungarian Astron Assoc, Budapest, Hungary. RP Kovacs, G (reprint author), Konkoly Observ Budapest, PO Box 67, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary. EM kovacs@konkoly.hu RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009 OI Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X; NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP L41 EP L44 DI 10.1086/524058 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231RC UT WOS:000250965700011 ER PT J AU Maret, S Bergin, EA AF Maret, Sebastien Bergin, Edwin A. TI Using chemistry to unveil the kinematics of starless cores: complex radial motions in Barnard 68 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM : abundances; ISM : individual (Barnard 68); ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID DARK CLOUD; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; DYNAMICAL STATE; LINE-PROFILES; STELLAR CORES; DENSE CORE; FRACTION; REGIONS; L1544 AB We present observations of (CO)-C-13, (CO)-O-18, HCO+, (HCO+)-C-13, DCO+, and N2H+ line emission toward the Barnard 68 starless core. The line profiles are interpreted by use of a chemical network coupled with a radiative transfer code, in order to reconstruct the radial velocity profile of the core. Our observations and modeling indicate the presence of complex radial motions, with inward motions in the outer layers of the core but outward motions in the inner layers of the core, suggesting radial oscillations. The presence of such oscillations would imply that the Barnard 68 starless core is relatively old, typically 1 order of magnitude older than the age inferred from its chemical evolution and statistical core lifetimes. Our study demonstrates that chemistry can be used as a tool to constrain the radial velocity profiles of starless cores. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Maret, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Maret, Sebastien/0000-0003-1104-4554 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/524014 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231RC UT WOS:000250965700007 ER PT J AU Valencia, D O'Connell, RJ Sasselov, DD AF Valencia, Diana O'Connell, Richard J. Sasselov, Dimitar D. TI Inevitability of plate tectonics on super-earths SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE earth; planetary systems; planets and satellites : general ID M-CIRCLE-PLUS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; THERMAL EVOLUTION; SUBDUCTION ZONES; PLANETS; STRENGTH; MODELS; SYSTEM; MANTLE; VENUS AB The recent discovery of super-Earths (masses <= 10 M(circle plus)) has initiated a discussion about conditions for habitable worlds. Among these is the mode of convection, which influences a planet's thermal evolution and surface conditions. On Earth, plate tectonics has been proposed as a necessary condition for life. Here we show that super-Earths will also have plate tectonics. We demonstrate that as planetary mass increases, the shear stress available to overcome resistance to plate motion increases while the plate thickness decreases, thereby enhancing plate weakness. These effects contribute favorably to the subduction of the lithosphere, an essential component of plate tectonics. Moreover, uncertainties in achieving plate tectonics in the 1 M(circle plus) regime disappear as mass increases: super-Earths, even if dry, will exhibit plate tectonic behavior. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Valencia, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM valenc@fas.harvard.edu; oconnell@geophysics.harvard.edu; dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 30 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/524012 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231RC UT WOS:000250965700012 ER PT J AU Hinde, K AF Hinde, Katherine TI First-time macaque mothers bias milk composition in favor of sons SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RHESUS MACAQUES; MACACA-MULATTA; SEX C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. California Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Hinde, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Hinde, Katie/0000-0002-0528-866X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169] NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 22 BP R958 EP R959 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.029 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 236AB UT WOS:000251274300012 PM 18029247 ER PT J AU Hunt, G AF Hunt, Gene TI The relative importance of directional change, random walks, and stasis in the evolution of fossil lineages SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gradualism; modes of evolution; punctuated equilibria ID PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA; STABILIZING SELECTION; SIZE; PATTERNS; TEMPO; MODE; MULTIVARIATE; SPECIATION; MOLLUSKS; TRENDS AB The nature of evolutionary changes recorded by the fossil record has long been controversial, with particular disagreement concerning the relative frequency of gradual change versus stasis within lineages. Here, I present a large-scale, statistical survey of evolutionary mode in fossil lineages. Over 250 sequences of evolving traits were fit by using maximum likelihood to three evolutionary models: directional change, random walk, and stasis. Evolution in these traits was rarely directional; in only 5% of fossil sequences was directional evolution the most strongly supported of the three modes of change. The remaining 95% of sequences were divided nearly equally between random walks and stasis. Variables related to body size were significantly less likely than shape traits to experience stasis. This finding is in accord with previous suggestions that size may be more evolutionarily labile than shape and is consistent with some but not all of the mechanisms proposed to explain evolutionary stasis. In general, similar evolutionary patterns are observed across other variables, such as clacle membership and temporal resolution, but there is some evidence that directional change in planktonic organisms is more frequent than in benthic organisms. The rarity with which directional evolution was observed in this study corroborates a key claim of punctuated equilibria and suggests that truly directional evolution is infrequent or, perhaps more importantly, of short enough duration so as to rarely register in paleontological sampling. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 44 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 47 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 47 BP 18404 EP 18408 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704088104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 236HB UT WOS:000251292500013 PM 18003931 ER PT J AU Watters, TR Campbell, B Carter, L Leuschen, CJ Plaut, JJ Picardi, G Orosei, R Safaeinili, A Clifford, SM Farrell, WM Ivanov, AB Phillips, RJ Stofan, ER AF Watters, Thomas R. Campbell, Bruce Carter, Lynn Leuschen, Carl J. Plaut, Jeffrey J. Picardi, Giovanni Orosei, Roberto Safaeinili, Ali Clifford, Stephen M. Farrell, William M. Ivanov, Anton B. Phillips, Roger J. Stofan, Ellen R. TI Radar sounding of the Medusae Fossae Formation Mars: Equatorial ice or dry, low-density deposits? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ORBITER CAMERA; THARSIS; REGION; SUBSURFACE; RECORD AB The equatorial Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is enigmatic and perhaps among the youngest geologic deposits on Mars. They are thought to be composed of volcanic ash, eolian sediments, or an ice-rich material analogous to polar layered deposits. The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) instrument aboard the Mars Express Spacecraft has detected nadir echoes offset in time-delay from the surface return in orbits over MFF material. These echoes are interpreted to be from the subsurface interface between the MFF material and the underlying terrain. The delay time between the MFF surface and subsurface echoes is consistent with massive deposits emplaced on generally planar lowlands materials with a real dielectric constant of similar to 2.9 +/- 0.4. The real dielectric constant and the estimated dielectric losses are consistent with a substantial component of water ice. However, an anomalously low-density, ice-poor material cannot be ruled out. If ice-rich, the MFF must have a higher percentage of dust and sand than polar layered deposits. The volume of water in an ice-rich MFF deposit would be comparable to that of the south polar layered deposits. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Proxemy Res, Laytonville, MD 20882 USA. RP Watters, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM watterst@si.edu RI Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Farrell, William/I-4865-2013; Ivanov, Anton/C-8944-2014 OI Ivanov, Anton/0000-0001-8376-8581 NR 24 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5853 BP 1125 EP 1128 DI 10.1126/science.1148112 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 231OC UT WOS:000250957900042 PM 17975034 ER PT J AU Selsis, F Chazelas, B Borde, P Ollivier, M Brachet, F Decaudin, M Bouchy, F Ehrenreich, D Griessmeier, JM Lammer, H Sotin, C Grasset, O Moutou, C Barge, P Deleuil, M Mawet, D Despois, D Kasting, JF Leger, A AF Selsis, F. Chazelas, B. Borde, P. Ollivier, M. Brachet, F. Decaudin, M. Bouchy, F. Ehrenreich, D. Griessmeier, J. -M. Lammer, H. Sotin, C. Grasset, O. Moutou, C. Barge, P. Deleuil, M. Mawet, D. Despois, D. Kasting, J. F. Leger, A. TI Could we identify hot ocean-planets with CoRoT, Kepler and Doppler velocimetry? SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE extrasolar planets; ices; planets, migration ID EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; NEPTUNE-MASS PLANETS; HYDRODYNAMIC ESCAPE; TRANSITING PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; ATMOSPHERES; EVOLUTION; VENUS; STARS AB Planets less massive than about 10 M(Earth) are expected to have no massive H-He atmosphere and a cometary composition (similar to 50% rocks, 50% water, by mass) provided they formed beyond the snowline of protoplanetary disks. Due to inward migration, such planets could be found at any distance between their formation site and the star. If migration stops within the habitable zone, this may produce a new kind of planets, called ocean-planets. Ocean-planets typically consist in a silicate core, surrounded by a thick ice mantle, itself covered by a 100 km-deep ocean. The possible existence of ocean-planets raises important astrobiological questions: Can life originate on such body, in the absence of continent and ocean-silicate interfaces? What would be the nature of the atmosphere and the geochemical cycles? In this work, we address the fate of hot ocean-planets produced when migration ends at a closer distance. In this case the liquid/gas interface can disappear, and the hot H(2)O envelope is made of a supercritical fluid. Although we do not expect these bodies to harbor life, their detection and identification as water-rich planets would give us insight as to the abundance of hot and, by extrapolation, cool ocean-planets. The water reservoir of these planets seems to be weakly affected by gravitational escape, provided that they are located beyond some minimum distance, e.g. 0.04 AU for a 5-Earth-mass planet around a Sun-like star. The swelling of their water atmospheres by the high stellar flux is expected not to significantly increase the planets' radii. We have studied the possibility of detecting and characterizing these hot ocean-planets by measuring their mean densities using transit missions in space-CoRoT (CNES) and Kepler (NASA)-in combination with Doppler velocimetry from the ground-HARPS (ESO) and possible future instruments. We have determined the domain in the [stellar magnitude, orbital distance] plane where discrimination between ocean-planets and rocky planets is possible with these instruments. The brightest stars of the mission target lists and the planets closest to their stars are the most favorable cases. Full advantage of high precision photometry by CoRoT, and particularly Kepler, can be obtained only if a new generation of Doppler instruments is built. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chazelas, B.; Ollivier, M.; Brachet, F.; Decaudin, M.; Leger, A.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Chazelas, B.; Ollivier, M.; Brachet, F.; Decaudin, M.; Leger, A.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Selsis, F.] Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, CNRS,UMR 5574, F-69007 Lyon, France. [Borde, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bouchy, F.; Ehrenreich, D.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Griessmeier, J. -M.] CNRS, LESIA, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Lammer, H.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Sotin, C.; Grasset, O.] Univ Nantes, F-44321 Nantes 3, France. [Moutou, C.; Barge, P.; Deleuil, M.] CNRS, OAMP, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. [Mawet, D.] Univ Liege, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Despois, D.] Observ Bordeaux, INSU, CNRS, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Mawet, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Leger, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys, Spatiale Bat 121, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM alain.leger@ias.u-psud.fr OI Ehrenreich, David/0000-0001-9704-5405 NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 191 IS 2 BP 453 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.010 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 240LQ UT WOS:000251589500004 ER PT J AU Black, GJ Campbell, DB Carter, LM AF Black, G. J. Campbell, D. B. Carter, L. M. TI Arecibo radar observations of Rhea, Dione, Tethys, and Enceladus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, satellites; radar observations; Enceladus ID ICY GALILEAN SATELLITES; COHERENT-BACKSCATTER; SATURNIAN SATELLITES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TITAN; POLARIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; SCATTERING; REFRACTION; EVOLUTION AB We have measured the bulk radar reflectance properties of the mid-size saturnian satellites Rhea, Dione, Tethys, and Enceladus with the Arecibo Observatory's 13 cm wavelength radar system during the 2004 through 2007 oppositions of the Saturn System, Comparing to the better studied icy Galilean satellites, we find that the total reflectivities of Rhea and Tethys tire most similar to Ganymede while Dione is most similar to Callisto, Enceladus' reflectivity falls between those of Ganymede and Europa, The mean circular polarization ratios of the saturnian satellites range from similar to 0.8 to 1.2, and tire on average lower than those of the icy Galilean satellites at this wavelength although still larger than expected for single reflections off the surface, The ratio for the tralling hemisphere of Enceladus may be the exception with a value similar or equal to 0.56. The 13 cm wavelength radar albedos and polarization ratios may be systematically lower than similar results from the Cassini orbiter's RADAR instrument at 12 cm wavelength [Ostro, SJ., and 19 colleagues, 2006, Icarus 183, 479-490], Overall, these reflectivities and polarization properties, together with the shapes of the echo spectra, suggest subsurface multiple scattering to be the dominant reflection mechanism although operating less efficiently than on the large icy moons of Jupiter. All these saturnian moons and icy jovian moons tire atmosphere-less, low temperature water ice surfaces, and any differences in radar properties may be indicative of differences in composition or the effects of various processes that modify the regolith structure, The degree of variation in radar properties with wavelength on each satellite may constrain the thickness and efficiency of the scattering layer. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Black, G. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Campbell, D. B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Carter, L. M.] Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Black, GJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM gblack@virginia.edu RI Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 191 IS 2 BP 702 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.009 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 240LQ UT WOS:000251589500021 ER PT J AU Theobald, JC Coates, MM Wcislo, WT Warrant, EJ AF Theobald, Jamie Carroll Coates, Melissa M. Wcislo, William T. Warrant, Eric J. TI Flight performance in night-flying sweat bees suffers at low light levels SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nocturnal vision; flight apposition eye; visual summation; invertebrate; arthropoda; insecta ID MEGALOPTA-GENALIS; INFORMATION CAPACITY; NOCTURNAL VISION; OUTDOOR SCENES; HALICTID BEE; EYE DESIGN; LANDMARK; HYMENOPTERA; ORIENTATION; HONEYBEES AB The sweat bee Megalopta (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), unlike most bees, flies in extremely dim light. And although nocturnal insects are often equipped with superposition eyes, which greatly enhance light capture, Megalopta performs visually guided flight with apposition eyes. We examined how light limits Megalopta's flight behavior by measuring flight times and corresponding light levels and comparing them with flight trajectories upon return to the nest. We found the average time to land increased in dim light, an effect due not to slow approaches, but to circuitous approaches. Some landings, however, were quite fast even in the dark. To explain this, we examined the flight trajectories and found that in dim light, landings became increasingly error prone and erratic, consistent with repeated landing attempts. These data agree well with the premise that Megalopta uses visual summation, sacrificing acuity in order to see and fly at the very dimmest light intensities that its visual system allows. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Theobald, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol Sci, 621 Charles E Young Dr S,Box 951606, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jamiet@physci.ucla.edu NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 22 BP 4034 EP 4042 DI 10.1242/jeb.003756 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 233RN UT WOS:000251108100020 PM 17981871 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Health Care in sub-Saharan Africa (US National Debate Topic, 2007-2008) SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 19 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 239UF UT WOS:000251542700216 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Terrestrial vegetation of California SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 19 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 239UF UT WOS:000251542700217 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI The American marketplace: Demographics and spending patterns SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 19 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 239UF UT WOS:000251542700212 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Historical dictionary of nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 19 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 239UF UT WOS:000251542700215 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Mesopotamia: Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 19 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 239UF UT WOS:000251542700213 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Intelligent building dictionary: Terminology for smart, integrated, green building design, construction, and management SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 19 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 239UF UT WOS:000251542700214 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI Revision of the genus Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907 (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae : Heliothinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE systematics; genitalia; new synonym; new combination; revised status; Erythroecia AB Based on characters of the male and female genitalia, the genus Erythroecia Hampson, 1910 is considered a new synonym of Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907. Psectrotarsia contains five species: P. flava Dognin ( type species); P. suavis ( H. Edwards), new combination; P. hebardi ( Skinner), new combination; P. euposis ( Dyar), new combination and revised status; and P. rhodophora ( Hampson), new combination. Each species is redescribed and illustrated. Copitarsia fuscirena ( Hampson), new combination, and C. tamsi ( Giacomelli), new combination, are transferred from Psectrotarsia to Copitarsia Hampson, 1906. Psectrotarsia ranges from the northeastern, midwestern, and southwestern United States to Guatemala. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 14 PY 2007 IS 1637 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 230NB UT WOS:000250882100001 ER PT J AU Jain, S Collins, LS Hayek, LAC AF Jain, Sreepat Collins, Laurel S. Hayek, Lee-Ann C. TI Relationship of benthic foraminiferal diversity to paleoproductivity in the Neogene Caribbean SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Late Neogene; Western Caribbean; benthic foraminiferal diversity; paleoproductivity ID SURFACE OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CENTRAL-AMERICAN SEAWAY; OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE; SOUTH CHINA SEA; DEEP-SEA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CHANGES; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ADRIATIC SEA AB Diversity trends 8.3-2.5 Ma in Caribbean deep-sea foraminifera, as interpreted from the indices Fisher's a and the Information Index [H(S)] parallel paleoproductivity proxies (benthic foraminiferal infaunal/epifaunal species ratio, benthic foraminifer accumulation rates and flux of organic carbon to the seafloor). Paleoproductivity never reached a eutrophic threshold value above which we would predict opposite trends of high paleoproductivity and low diversity, consistent with stressful conditions. Instead, results are similar to those from other studies of oligotrophic settings that show a positive and statistically significant correlation between paleoproductivity and diversity. The correlations between current intensity and watermass oxygenation with diversity are negative and statistically significant. These results are also borne out by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Intervals of increased relative abundance of Epistominella exigua, a proxy for seasonality of phytodetrital input to the seafloor, coincide with increased diversity, suggesting that pulsed paleoproductivity enhanced the diversity signal in the Caribbean. Diversity and paleoproductivity peaked in the Caribbean at 7.9 Ma, and declined thereafter due to the cut off of the nutrient-rich Pacific deep waters (< 1000 m) into the Caribbean. From 7.6 to 4.2 Ma, both diversity and paleoproductivity increased. With the complete closure of the Caribbean-Pacific seaway at 4.2 Ma, both diversity and paleoproductivity gradually decreased from a high at 4.2 Ma to moderate values until the end of the study interval at 2.5 Ma. Major intervals of significant shifts in Caribbean diversity and paleoproductivity were also confirmed with SHEBI analysis that displays a diverging trend between the Pacific and Caribbean sites since 7.9 Ma, with the Caribbean displaying decreasing values. In summary, in the Caribbean, decreased paleoproductivity due to the gradual constriction and the final closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) led to decreased deep-sea benthic foraminiferal diversity and that both benthic foraminiferal diversity and paleoproductivity maintained a positive relationship. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-121, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM jains@si.edu NR 113 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 255 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.017 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 234ZV UT WOS:000251204200002 ER PT J AU Schurch, MPE Coe, MJ McGowan, KE McBride, VA Buckley, DAH Galache, JL Corbet, RHD Still, M Vaisanen, P Kniazev, A Nordsieck, K AF Schurch, M. P. E. Coe, M. J. McGowan, K. E. McBride, V. A. Buckley, D. A. H. Galache, J. L. Corbet, R. H. D. Still, M. Vaisanen, P. Kniazev, A. Nordsieck, K. TI Optical follow-up of new small magellanic cloud wing Be/X-ray binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars; emission-line; Be; Magellanic Clouds; X-rays; binaries ID STARS; CATALOG; DISC; SMC; OB AB We investigate the optical counterparts of recently discovered Be/X-ray binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). In total four sources, SXP101, SXP700, SXP348 and SXP65.8 were detected during the Chandra survey of the wing of the SMC. SXP700 and SXP65.8 were previously unknown. Many optical ground-based telescopes have been utilized in the optical follow-up, providing coverage in both the red and blue bands. This has led to the classification of all of the counterparts as Be stars and confirms that three lie within the Galactic spectral distribution of known Be/X-ray binaries. SXP101 lies outside this distribution and is the latest spectral type known. Monitoring of the H alpha emission line suggests that all the sources barring SXP700 have highly variable circumstellar discs, possibly a result of their comparatively short orbital periods. Phase-resolved X-ray spectroscopy has also been performed on SXP65.8, revealing that the emission is indeed harder during the passage of the X-ray beam through the line of sight. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schurch, MPE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM mpes@astro.soton.ac.uk NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 381 IS 4 BP 1561 EP 1568 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12315.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 227HO UT WOS:000250648000021 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Drake, JJ Aggarwal, KM AF Keenan, F. P. Drake, J. J. Aggarwal, K. M. TI An investigation of Fe XVI emission lines in solar and stellar extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectra SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : X-rays; gamma-rays ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; NA-LIKE IONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; ACTIVE-REGION; DIAGNOSTICS; PLASMAS; SERTS; FLARE; SUN; INTENSITIES AB New fully relativistic calculations of radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross-sections for Fe XVI are used to determine theoretical emission-line ratios applicable to the 251-361 and 32-77 angstrom portions of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray spectral regions, respectively. A comparison of the EUV results with observations from the Solar Extreme-Ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS) reveals excellent agreement between theory and experiment. However, for emission lines in the 32-49 angstrom portion of the soft X-ray spectral region, there are large discrepancies between theory and measurement for both a solar flare spectrum obtained with the X-Ray Spectrometer/Spectrograph Telescope (XSST) and for observations of Capella from the Low- Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. These are probably due to blending in the solar flare and Capella data from both first-order lines and from shorter wavelength transitions detected in second and third order. By contrast, there is very good agreement between our theoretical results and the XSST and LETGS observations in the 50-77 angstrom wavelength range, contrary to previous results. In particular, there is no evidence that the Fe XVI emission from the XSST flare arises from plasma at a much higher temperature than that expected for Fe XVI in ionization equilibrium, as suggested by earlier work. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM F.Keenan@qub.ac.uk NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 381 IS 4 BP 1727 EP 1732 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12365.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 227HO UT WOS:000250648000039 ER PT J AU Hardcastle, MJ Croston, JH Kraft, RP AF Hardcastle, M. J. Croston, J. H. Kraft, R. P. TI A Chandra study of particle acceleration in the multiple hot spots of nearby radio galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTHS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-RESOLUTION MAPS; 3.6 CM; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CENTAURUS-A; PICTOR-A; LOBES; HOTSPOTS AB We present Chandra observations of a small sample of nearby classical double radio galaxies that have more than one radio hot spot in at least one of their lobes. The X-ray emission from the hot spots of these comparatively lowpower objects is expected to be synchrotron in origin, and therefore to provide information about the locations of high-energy particle acceleration. In some models of the relationship between the jet and hot spot, the hot spots that are not the current jet termination points should be detached from the energy supply from the active nucleus, and therefore not capable of accelerating particles to high energies. We find that in fact some secondary hot spots are X-ray sources, and thus probably locations for high-energy particle acceleration after the initial jet termination shock. In detail, however, we show that the spatial structures seen in X-rays are not consistent with naive expectations from a simple shock model: the current locations of the acceleration of the highest energy observable particles in powerful radio galaxies need not be coincident with the peaks of radio or even optical emission. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hardcastle, MJ (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 893 EP 904 DI 10.1086/521696 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500019 ER PT J AU Law, DR Steidel, CC Erb, DK Larkin, JE Pettini, M Shapley, AE Wright, SA AF Law, David R. Steidel, Charles C. Erb, Dawn K. Larkin, James E. Pettini, Max Shapley, Alice E. Wright, Shelley A. TI Integral field spectroscopy of high-redshift star-forming galaxies with laser-guided adaptive optics: Evidence for dispersion-dominated kinematics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : starburst ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; H-ALPHA; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2 GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; GALACTIC DISKS; MS 1512-CB58; OH-EMISSION AB We present early results from an ongoing study of the kinematic structure of star-forming galaxies at redshift z similar to 2-3 using integral-field spectroscopy of rest-frame optical nebular emission lines in combination with Keck laser guide star adaptive optics (LGSAO). We show kinematic maps of three target galaxies Q1623-BX453, Q0449-BX93, and DSF 2237a-C2 located at redshifts z = 2.1820, 2.0067, and 3.3172, respectively, each of which is well resolved with a PSF measuring approximately 0.11"-0.15" (similar to 900-1200 pc at z similar to 2-3) after cosmetic smoothing. Neither galaxy at z similar to 2 exhibits substantial kinematic structure on scales greater than or similar to 30 km s(-1); both are instead consistent with largely dispersion-dominated velocity fields with sigma similar to 80 km s(-1) along any given line of sight into the galaxy. In contrast, DSF 2237a-C2 presents a well-resolved gradient in velocity over a distance of similar to 4 kpc with peak-to-peak amplitude of 140 km s(-1). It is unlikely that DSF 2237a-C2 represents a dynamically cold rotating disk of ionized gas as the local velocity dispersion of the galaxy (sigma = 79 km s(-1))is comparable to the observed shear. While some gas cooling models reproduce the observed kinematics better than a simple rotating disk model, even these provide a poor overall description of the target galaxies, suggesting that our current understanding of gas cooling mechanisms in galaxies in the early universe is (at best) incomplete. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Astron Inst, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Law, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM drlaw@astro.caltech.edu; ccs@astro.caltech.edu; derb@cfa.harvard.edu; larkin@astro.ucla.edu; pettini@ast.cam.ac.uk; aes@astro.princeton.edu; saw@astro.ucla.edu OI Wright, Shelley/0000-0003-1034-8054 NR 68 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 929 EP 946 DI 10.1086/521786 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500021 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Kim, S Bak, JY Garcia, M Brandl, B Xiao, K Walsh, W Smith, RC Youn, S AF Kim, Hak-Sub Kim, Sungeun Bak, Jih-Yong Garcia, Mario Brandl, Bernard Xiao, Kecheng Walsh, Wilfred Smith, R. Chris Youn, Soyoung TI Irac observations of CO J=4 -> 3 high-velocity cloud in the 30 doradus complex in the large magellanic cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC-SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; APERTURE SYNTHESIS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION; 30 DORADUS; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; HYDROGEN AB We present the results of (CO)-C-12 J = 2 -> 1 observations of the X-ray-bright giant shell complex 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO). This is the one of the largest H II complexes in the Local Group. We compare the (CO)-C-12 J = 2 -> 1 observations against previously made (CO)-C-12 J = 4 -> 3 observations and analyze the spatial distribution of young stellar objects (YSOs) within the cloud using the Spitzer IRAC observations of the 30 Doradus complex. Both peaks of (CO)-C-12 J = 2 -> 1 and J = 4 -> 3 emitting clouds coincide with the densest region of the filaments in which multiple shells are colliding. The YSOs are clustered in the southern ridge of the warm and dense molecular gas clouds traced by (CO)-C-12 J = 4 -> 3, indicating a filamentary structure of star formation throughout 30 Doradus. We also find an excess of Class I YSO candidates close to the clouds, which likely represent the most recent phase of star formation in this region. This is a region where the triggered star formation has actually occurred, and newly formed stars may have produced such a high-velocity outflow through interacting with the surrounding molecular cloud material. C1 Sejong univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, ARCSEC, Seoul 143747, South Korea. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Sejong univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, ARCSEC, KunJa Dong 98, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM sek@sejong.ac.kr; skim@cfa.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.1086/521589 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500027 ER PT J AU Rol, E Van der Horst, A Wiersema, K Patel, SK Levan, A Nysewander, M Kouveliotou, C Wijers, RAMJ Tanvir, N Reichart, D Fruchter, AS Graham, J Ovaldsen, JE Jaunsen, AO Jonker, P Van Ham, W Hjorth, J Starling, RLC O'Brien, PT Fynbo, J Burrows, DN Strom, R AF Rol, Evert Van der Horst, Alexander Wiersema, Klaas Patel, Sandeep K. Levan, Andrew Nysewander, Melissa Kouveliotou, Chryssa Wijers, Ralph A. M. J. Tanvir, Nial Reichart, Dan Fruchter, Andrew S. Graham, John Ovaldsen, Jan-Erik Jaunsen, Andreas O. Jonker, Peter Van Ham, Wilbert Hjorth, Jens Starling, Rhaana L. C. O'Brien, Paul T. Fynbo, Johan Burrows, David N. Strom, Richard TI Grb 051022: Physical parameters and extinction of a prototype dark burst SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HOST-GALAXY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFT; MAGELLANIC CLOUD; SKY SURVEY; DUST; AFTERGLOWS; ENVIRONMENTS; DESTRUCTION; ABSORPTION AB GRB 051022 was undetected to deep limits in early optical observations, but precise astrometry from radio and X-rays showed that it most likely originated in a galaxy at z approximate to 0.8. We report radio, optical, near-infrared, and X-ray observations of GRB 051022. Using the available X-ray and radio data, we model the afterglow and calculate its energetics, finding it to be an order of magnitude lower than that of the prompt emission. The broadband modeling also allows us to precisely define various other physical parameters and the minimum required amount of extinction to explain the absence of an optical afterglow. Our observations suggest a high extinction, at least 2.3 mag in the infrared (J) and at least 5.4 mag in the optical (U) in the host-galaxy rest frame. Such high extinctions are unusual for GRBs and likely indicate a geometry where our line of sight to the burst passes through a dusty region in the host that is not directly colocated with the burst itself. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Natl Space Sci & Technol, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Opt Sci Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. RP Rol, E (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM evert.rol@star.le.ac.uk RI Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; OI Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808 NR 84 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 1098 EP 1106 DI 10.1086/521336 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500035 ER PT J AU Hoyer, S Ramirez Alegria, S Ivanov, VD Minniti, D Pietrzynski, G Ruiz, MT Gieren, W Udalski, A Zoccali, M Carrasco, ER Diaz, RF Fernandez, JM Gallardo, J Rejkuba, M Perez, F AF Hoyer, Sergio Ramirez Alegria, Sebastian Ivanov, Valentin D. Minniti, Dante Pietrzynski, Grzegorz Ruiz, Maria Teresa Gieren, Wolfgang Udalski, Andrzej Zoccali, Manuela Carrasco, Eleazar Rodrigo Diaz, Rodrigo F. Fernandez, Jose Miguel Gallardo, Jose Rejkuba, Marina Perez, Felipe TI Millimagnitude photometry for transiting extrasolar planetary candidates. IV. Solution to the puzzle of the extremely red OGLE-TR-82 primary SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites : formation; stars: individual (OGLE-TR-82); online material : color figures ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; LUMINOSITY OBJECT TRANSITS; NEPTUNE-MASS PLANETS; GALACTIC DISK; SOLAR PLANETS; 2001 CAMPAIGN; HOT-NEPTUNES; EARTH-MASSES; GIANT STARS; SEARCH AB We present precise new V-, I-, and K-s-band photometry for the planetary-transit candidate star OGLE-TR-82. V- band images acquired in good seeing with the VIMOS instrument at the Very Large Telescope allowed us to measure V = 20.61 +/- 0.03 mag for this star despite the presence of a brighter neighbor about 100 away. This faint magnitude answers the question why it has not been possible to measure radial velocities for this object. One transit of this star has been observed with the GMOS-S instrument on Gemini South in the i and g bands, which allowed us to verify that this is not a false positive, to confirm the transit amplitude measured by OGLE, and to improve the ephemeris. The transit is better defined in the i-band light curve ( with a depth of A(i) = 0.034 mag), than in the g band (A(g) = 0.1 mag), in which the star is significantly fainter. Near-IR photometry obtained with the SOFI array at the ESO New Technology Telescope yields K = 12.20 +/- 0.10 and V- K = 8.40 +/- 0.10, so red that it is unlike any transit candidate studied before. With the new data, we consider two possible configurations for the system: ( 1) a nearby M7V star or ( 2) a blend with a very reddened, distant red giant. The first hypothesis would give a radius for the companion of R-p = 0.3 +/- 0.1 R-J, i. e., the size of Neptune. Quantitative analysis of near-IR spectroscopy finally shows that OGLE-TR-82 is a distant, reddened, metal-poor early K giant, confirmed by direct comparison with stellar templates, which gives as a best match a K3 III star. Therefore, we rule out a planetary nature for the companion, and conclude that this system is a main-sequence binary blended with a background red giant. As a case study, a system that can so mimic a planetary transit presents a lesson for future transit surveys. C1 Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Atrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. Univ Warzawskiego, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. So Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Hoyer, S (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile. EM shoyer@das.uchile.cl RI Diaz, Rodrigo/H-1487-2011; Ruiz, Maria Teresa/I-5770-2016; OI Ruiz, Maria Teresa/0000-0002-6799-1537; Rejkuba, Marina/0000-0002-6577-2787; Ivanov, Valentin/0000-0002-5963-1283; Carrasco, Eleazar Rodrigo/0000-0002-7272-9234; Diaz, Rodrigo/0000-0001-9289-5160 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 1345 EP 1353 DI 10.1086/520871 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500055 ER PT J AU Babich, D Blake, CH Steinhardt, CL AF Babich, Daniel Blake, Cullen H. Steinhardt, Charles L. TI What can the cosmic microwave background tell us about the outer solar system? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; kuiper belt; oort cloud ID KUIPER-BELT; OORT CLOUD; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COBE FIRAS; COMETS; EMISSION; SPECTRUM; CONSTRAINTS; OCCULTATION; COSMOLOGY AB We discuss two new observational techniques that use observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to place constraints on the mass, distance, and size distribution of small objects in the Kuiper Belt and inner Oort Cloud, collectively known as trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). The first new technique considers the spectral distortion of the isotropic, or monopole, CMB by TNOs that have been heated by solar radiation to temperatures above that of the CMB. We apply this technique to the spectral measurements of the CMB by the Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer on the Cosmic Background Explorer. The second technique utilizes the change in amplitude of the TNO signal due to the orbital motion of the observer to separate the TNO signal from the invariant extragalactic CMB and construct a map of the mass distribution in the outer solar system. We estimate the ability of future CMB experiments to create such a map. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Babich, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dbabich@cfa.harvard.edu; cblake@cfa.harvard.edu; csteinha@cfa.harvard.edu NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 1406 EP 1413 DI 10.1086/521913 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500062 ER PT J AU Steeghs, D Jonker, PG AF Steeghs, D. Jonker, P. G. TI On the mass of the neutron star in V395 carinae/2s 0921-630 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : general; stars : individual (V395 Carinae/2S 0921-630); stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID RADIAL-VELOCITY; COMPANION STAR; 2S 0921-630; 2S-0921-630 AB We report high-resolution optical spectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary V395 Car/2S 0921-630 obtained with the MIKE echelle spectrograph on the Magellan-Clay telescope. Our spectra are obtained near the inferior conjunction of the mass donor star, and we exploit the absorption lines originating from the back side of the K-type object to accurately derive its rotational velocity. Using K0-K1 III templates, we find v sin i = 32.9 +/- 0.8 km s(-1). We show that the choice of template star and the assumed limb-darkening coefficient has little impact on the derived rotational velocity. This value is a significant revision downward compared to previously published values. We derive new system parameter constraints in light of our much lower rotational velocity. We find,, and, where the errors have been estimated M-1 = 1.44 +/- 0.10 M-circle dot, M = 0.35 +/- 0.03 M-circle dot, q = 0.24 +/- 0.02 through a Monte Carlo simulation. A possible remaining systematic effect is the fact that we may be overestimating the orbital velocity of the mass donor due to irradiation effects. However, any correction for this effect will only reduce the compact object mass further, down to a minimum mass of. There is thus M-1 = 1.05 +/- 0.08 M-circle dot. There is thus strong evidence that the compact object in this binary is a neutron star of rather typical mass and that the previously reported mass values of 2-4 M-circle dot were too high due to an overestimate of the rotational broadening. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 9BU, W Midlands, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Steeghs, D (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 9BU, W Midlands, England. RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP L85 EP L88 DI 10.1086/523848 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VL UT WOS:000250760600007 ER PT J AU Holst, I Moreno, JE Piperno, DR AF Holst, Irene Moreno, J. Enrique Piperno, Dolores R. TI Identification of teosinte, maize, and Tripsacum in Mesoamerica by using pollen, starch grains, and phytoliths SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TROPICAL FOREST; COB PHYTOLITHS; MEXICO; DOMESTICATION; AGRICULTURE; DISTURBANCE; SELECTION; POACEAE AB We examined pollen grains and starch granules from a large number of modern populations of teosinte (wild Zea spp.), maize (Zea mays L.), and closely related grasses in the genus Tripsacum to assess their strengths and weaknesses in studying the origins and early dispersals of maize in its Mesoamerican cradle of origin. We report new diagnostic criteria and question the accuracy of others used previously by investigators to identify ancient maize where its wild ancestor, teosinte, is native. Pollen grains from teosinte overlap in size with those of maize to a much greater degree than previously reported, making the differentiation of wild and domesticated maize in palynological studies difficult. There is presently no valid method for separating maize and teosinte pollen on a morphological basis. Starch grain analysis, a recently developed tool of archaeobotany, appears to be of significant utility in distinguishing the seeds of teosinte from maize. We propose that the differences in starch grain morphology and size between wild and domesticated maize defined in this study may be associated with domestication genes in Zea that have been documented in the starch biosynthesis pathway. As previously reported, phytoliths effectively discriminate the female reproductive structures of Tripsacum, teosinte, and maize. Muitiproxy microfossil studies of archaeological and paleoecological contexts appear to be effective tools for investigating the earliest stages of maize domestication and dispersals. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Piperno, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM pipernod@si.edu NR 41 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 45 BP 17608 EP 17613 DI 10.1073/pnas.0708736104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 230TA UT WOS:000250897600014 PM 17978176 ER PT J AU Janecka, JE Miller, W Pringle, TH Wiens, F Zitzmann, A Helgen, KM Springer, MS Murphy, WJ AF Janecka, Jan E. Miller, Webb Pringle, Thomas H. Wiens, Frank Zitzmann, Annette Helgen, Kristofer M. Springer, Mark S. Murphy, William J. TI Molecular and genomic data identify the closest living relative of primates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLACENTAL MAMMALS; TREE; PHYLOGENY; ORIGINS; FOSSIL; RNA AB A full understanding of primate morphological and genomic evolution requires the identification of their closest living relative. In order to resolve the ancestral relationships among primates and their closest relatives, we searched multispecies genome alignments for phylogenetically informative rare genomic changes within the superordinal group Euarchonta, which includes the orders Primates, Dermoptera (colugos), and Scandentia (treeshrews). We also constructed phylogenetic trees from 14 kilobases of nuclear genes for representatives from most major primate lineages, both extant colugos, and multiple treeshrews, including the pentail treeshrew, Ptilocercus lowii, the only living member of the family Ptilocercidae. A relaxed molecular clock analysis including Ptilocercus suggests that treeshrews arose approximately 63 million years ago. Our data show that colugos are the closest living relatives of primates and indicate that their divergence occurred in the Cretaceous. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sperling Fdn, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Dept Anim Physiol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Zool, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Murphy, WJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, Vet Med Adm Bldg,Room 107, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wmurphy@cvm.tamu.edu FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG02238] NR 28 TC 150 Z9 165 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5851 BP 792 EP 794 DI 10.1126/science.1147555 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 226IY UT WOS:000250583900039 PM 17975064 ER PT J AU Gomez, A Kilpatrick, AM Kramer, LD Dupuis, AP Jones, MJ Goetz, SJ Marra, PP Daszak, P Aguirre, AA AF Gomez, Andres Kilpatrick, A. Marm Kramer, Laura D. Dupuis, Alan P. Jones, Matthew J. Goetz, Scott J. Marra, Peter P. Daszak, Peter Aguirre, A. Alonso TI Multiple factors influence west nile virus seroprevalence in wild mammals SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Gomez, Andres] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Kilpatrick, A. Marm; Daszak, Peter] Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY USA. [Kramer, Laura D.; Dupuis, Alan P.; Jones, Matthew J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Aguirre, A. Alonso] Wildlife Trust, New York, NY USA. RI Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015 OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 467 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200465 ER PT J AU Ekanayake, DK Welch, DM Kieft, R Hajduk, S Dittus, WPJ AF Ekanayake, Ditrukshi K. Welch, David Mark Kieft, Rudo Hajduk, Stephen Dittus, Wolfgang P. J. TI Transmission dynamics of cryptosporidium infection in a natural population of non-human primates at polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PREVALENCE; PARVUM; MAMMALS; PARASITES; GENOTYPES; RESERVOIR; OOCYSTS; KENYA AB Infections from Cryptosporidium parvum are of interest not only to public health, but also to wildlife conservation, particularly when humans and livestock encroach on nature and thereby increase the risk of cross-species transmissions. To clarify this risk, we used polymerase chain reaction to examine the hypervariable region of the C. parvum 18S rRNA gene in feces from three monkey species. Samples were isolated from regions where disease transmission between monkeys, livestock, and humans was likely (soiled habitat) or unlikely (clean habitat). Monkey individuals, their social groups, and different species shared multiple genotypes/isolates of C. parvum. Ecological and molecular analyses suggested that Cryptosporidium infection among Toque macaques in soiled habitats was mainly the bovine genotype C. parvum. Monkeys inhabiting clean habitat, particularly gray and purple-faced langurs, lacked Cryptosporidium species/types associated with bovines. Livestock apparently was a main source of infection for wild primates. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA. Global Infect Dis Program, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA. Assoc Conservat Primate Divers, Kandy, Sri Lanka. Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Dittus, WPJ (reprint author), 140-12 Mapanawathura Rd, Kandy 2000, Sri Lanka. EM dittus@sltnet.lk NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 BP 818 EP 822 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228MW UT WOS:000250735000007 PM 17984333 ER PT J AU Hall, JPW AF Hall, Jason P. W. TI Phylogenetic revision of the new neotropical riodinid genus Minstrellus (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ematurgina; minstrellus; neotropics; phylogeny; pseudonymphidia ID NYMPHIDIINI; LIMITS AB The small Neotropical riodinid genus Minstrellus (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) is described and revised. It seems to be most closely related to Pseudonymphidia Callaghan, in the incertae sedis section of the Riodininae. A phylogenetic analysis of its four species, using 11 characters of adult morphology, generated a single most parsimonious cladogram with the following structure: grandis + (nivosa + (leucotopus + emphatica)). The species watkinsi d'Abrera, like all the taxa of Minstrellus, was described in Ematurgina Rober (a synonym of Synargis Hubner) and briefly subsequently treated in Zelotaea Bates, but it is here transferred to Machaya Hall & Willmott (n. comb.). The taxon emphatica Stichel is raised from a subspecies of leucotopus Stichel to the rank of species (n. stat.), and the name candida Le Cerf is synonymized with emphatica (n. syn.). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM hallja@si.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 100 IS 6 BP 773 EP 786 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[773:PROTNN]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 231GA UT WOS:000250933400001 ER PT J AU Torres, G AF Torres, Guillermo TI Hipparcos astrometric orbit and evolutionary status of HR 6046 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : general; binaries : spectroscopic; methods : data analysis; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (HR 6046) ID SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY HR-6046; LINE-DEPTH RATIOS; STARS; COMPANION; HERCULIS; SYSTEM; MASS AB The previously known, 6 yr single-lined spectroscopic binary HR 6046 has been speculated in the past to contain a compact object as the secondary. A recent study has redetermined the orbit with great accuracy and shown that the companion is an evolved but otherwise normal star of nearly identical mass to the primary, which is also a giant. The binary motion was detected by the Hipparcos mission but was not properly accounted for in the published astrometric solution. Here we use the Hipparcos intermediate data in combination with the spectroscopic results to revise that solution and establish the orbital inclination angle for the first time, and with it the absolute masses M-A = 1.38(-0.03)(+0.09) M-circle dot and M-B = 1.36(-0.02)(+0.07) M-circle dot. Aided by other constraints, we investigate the evolutionary status and confirm that the primary star is approaching the tip of the red giant branch, while the secondary is beginning its first ascent. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1916 EP 1922 DI 10.1086/522624 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225LC UT WOS:000250518400018 ER PT J AU Faccioli, L Alcock, C Cook, K Prochter, GE Protopapas, P Syphers, D AF Faccioli, Lorenzo Alcock, Charles Cook, Kem Prochter, Gabriel E. Protopapas, Pavlos Syphers, David TI Eclipsing binary stars in the large and small magellanic clouds from the macho project: The sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; Magellanic Clouds; surveys ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SKY AUTOMATED SURVEY; RR-LYRAE STARS; VARIABLE-STAR; FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES; ELLIPSOIDAL VARIABILITY; PHOTOMETRIC SOLUTIONS; DISTANCE INDICATORS; STELLAR EVOLUTION AB We present a new sample of 4634 eclipsing binary stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), expanding on a previous sample of 611 objects and a new sample of 1509 eclipsing binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), that were identified in the light-curve database of the MACHO project. We perform a cross-correlation with the OGLE-II LMC sample, finding 1236 matches. A cross correlation with the OGLE-II SMC sample finds 698 matches. We then compare the LMC subsamples corresponding to the center and periphery of the LMC and find only minor differences between the two populations. These samples are sufficiently large and complete that statistical studies of the binary star populations are possible. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Faccioli, L (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM lfaccioli@lbl.gov; calcock@cfa.harvard.edu; kcook@igpp.ucllnl.org; prochter@astro.ucsc.edu; pprotopapas@cfa.harvard.edu; dsyphers@u.washington.edu NR 73 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1993 DI 10.1086/521579 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225LC UT WOS:000250518400023 ER PT J AU Nakashima, JI Fong, D Hasegawa, T Hirano, N Koning, N Kwok, S Lim, J Dinh-Van-Trung Young, K AF Nakashima, Jun-Ichi Fong, David Hasegawa, Tatsuhiko Hirano, Naomi Koning, Nico Kwok, Sun Lim, Jeremy Dinh-Van-Trung Young, Ken TI Submillimeter array observation of the proto-planetary nebula CRL 618 in the CO J=6-5 line SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : AGB and post AGB; stars : carbon; stars : imaging; stars : individual (CRL 618); stars : kinematics; stars : winds outflows ID SIO MASER SOURCE; POST-AGB; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; IRAS 19312+1950; RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR-SPECTROSCOPY; COLOGNE DATABASE; EVOLVED STARS; CRL 618 AB We report on the results of a Submillimeter Array ( SMA) interferometric observation of the protoYplanetary nebula CRL 618 in the (CO)-C-12 J = 6-5 line. With the new capability of the SMAenabling us to use two receivers at a time, we also observed simultaneously in the (CO)-C-12 J = 2-1 and (CO)-C-13 J = 2-1 lines. The (CO)-C-12 J = 6-5 and (CO)-C-13 J = 2-1 lines were interferometrically observed for the first time toward CRL 618. The flux of the high- velocity component of the (CO)-C-12 J = 6-5 line is almost fully recovered, while roughly 80% of the flux of the low- velocity component is resolved out. The low recovery rate suggests that the emission region of the low-velocity component of the (CO)-C-12 J = 6-5 line is largely extended. Continuum emission is detected at both 230 and 690 GHz. The flux of the 690 GHz continuumemission seems to be partially resolved out, suggesting that dust emission partly contaminates the 690 GHz continuum flux. The cavity structure, which has been confirmed in a previous observation in the (CO)-C-12 J = 2-1 line, is not clearly detected in the (CO)-C-12 J = 6-5 line, and only the south wall of the cavity is detected. This result suggests that the physical condition of the molecular envelope of CRL 618 is not exactly axially symmetric. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Hong Kong, Fac Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nakashima, JI (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM junichi@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw RI Kwok, Sun/D-3080-2009; Nakashima, Jun-ichi/D-3113-2009 OI Kwok, Sun/0000-0001-7708-081X; Nakashima, Jun-ichi/0000-0003-3324-9462 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 134 IS 5 BP 2035 EP 2045 DI 10.1086/521985 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225LC UT WOS:000250518400028 ER PT J AU Maturi, M Moscardini, L Mazzotta, P Dolag, K Tormen, G AF Maturi, M. Moscardini, L. Mazzotta, P. Dolag, K. Tormen, G. TI The importance of merging activity for the kinetic polarization of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal from galaxy clusters SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polarization; cosmic microwave background; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmology : theory; methods : numerical ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; DARK-MATTER MODELS; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; THERMAL CONDUCTION; ANISOTROPY; PROBE; GAS; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION AB Context. The polarization sensitivity of upcoming millimetric observatories will open new possibilities for studying the properties of galaxy clusters and for using them as powerful cosmological probes. For this reason it is necessary to investigate in detail the characteristics of the polarization signals produced by their highly ionized intra-cluster medium ( ICM). This work is focused on the polarization effect induced by the ICM bulk motion, the so-called kpSZ signal, which has an amplitude proportional to the optical depth and to the square of the tangential velocity. Aims. We study how this polarization signal is affected by the internal dynamics of galaxy clusters and its dependence on the physical modelling adopted to describe the baryonic component. Methods. This is done by producing realistic kpSZ maps starting from the outputs of two different sets of high-resolution hydrodynamical N-body simulations. The first set (17 objects) follows only non-radiative hydrodynamics, while for each of 9 objects of the second set we implement four different kinds of physical processes. Results. Our results shows that the kpSZ signal is a very sensitive probe of the dynamical status of galaxy clusters. We find that major merger events can amplify the signal up to one order of magnitude with respect to relaxed clusters, reaching amplitudes up to about 100 nK. This result implies that the internal ICM dynamics must be taken into account when evaluating this signal because simplicistic models, based on spherical rigid bodies, may provide wrong estimates. In particular, the selection of sufficient relaxed clusters seems to be fundamental to obtain a robust measurement of the intrinsic quadrupole of the cosmic microwave background through polarization. We find that the dependence on the physical modelling of the baryonic component is relevant only in the very inner regions of clusters. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Astron, ITA, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. RP Maturi, M (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Astron, ITA, Albert Uberle Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016 OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 475 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078015 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224WX UT WOS:000250480100007 ER PT J AU Aalto, S Monje, R Martin, S AF Aalto, S. Monje, R. Martin, S. TI Luminous HC3N line and the HCN/HCO+ ratio in NGC 4418 - Buried AGN or nascent starburst? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual : NGC 4418; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : active; radio lines : ISM; ISM : molecules ID MOLECULAR GAS; GALAXY NGC-4418; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; CLOUDS; HNC; CN AB Aims. We investigate the properties of the nuclear molecular gas and address the nature of the deeply buried source driving the IR emission of NGC 4418. Methods. We present IRAM 30 m observations and basic non-LTE, single component radiative transport modelling of HNC, HCN, HCO+, CN, HC3N, and H2CO. Results. We find that NGC 4418 has a rich molecular chemistry - including unusually luminous HC3N J = 10 - 9, 16-15, and 25-24 line emission - compared to the other high density tracers. We furthermore detect: ortho-H2CO 2-1, 3-2; CN 1-0, 2-1; HCO+, 1-0. 3-2, HCN 3-2, HNC 1-0, 3-2, and tentatively OCS 12-11. The HCN, HCO+, H2CO, and CN line emission can be fitted to densities of n = 5 x 10(4) - 10(5) cm(-3) and gas temperatures T-k = 80 - 150 K. Both HNC and HC3N are, however, significantly more excited than the other species, which requires higher gas densities or radiative excitation through mid-IR pumping. The HCN line intensity is fainter than that of HCO+ and HNC for the 3-2 transition, in contrast to previous findings for the 1-0 lines, where the HCN emission is the most luminous. Assuming all line emission is emerging from the same gas, abundances of the observed species are estimated to be similar to each other within factors of 2-5. The most noteworthy of these is the high abundance of HC3N and a small-to-moderate abundance ratio between HCN and HCO+. Conclusions. We tentatively suggest that the observed molecular line emission is consistent with a young starburst, where the emission can be understood as emerging from dense, warm gas with an additional PDR component. We find that X-ray chemistry is not required to explain the observed mm-line emission, including the HCN/HCO+ 1-0 and 3-2 line ratios. The luminous HC3N line emission is an expected signature of dense, starforming gas. A deeply buried AGN cannot be excluded, but its impact on the surrounding molecular medium is then suggested to be limited. However, detailed modelling of HC3N abundances in X-ray dominated regions (XDRs) should be carried out. The possibility of radiative excitation should also be investigated further. C1 Onsala Space Observ, S-43994 Onsala, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Aalto, S (reprint author), Onsala Space Observ, S-43994 Onsala, Sweden. EM susanne@oso.chalmers.se; raquel@oso.chalmers.se NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 475 IS 2 BP 479 EP 485 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077366 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 230VH UT WOS:000250903700016 ER PT J AU Benz, AO Stauber, P Bourke, TL van der Tak, FFS van Dishoeck, EF Jorgensen, JK AF Benz, A. O. Staeuber, P. Bourke, T. L. van der Tak, F. F. S. van Dishoeck, E. F. Jorgensen, J. K. TI Energetic radiation and the sulfur chemistry of protostellar envelopes: submillimeter interferometry of AFGL 2591 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : formation; submillimeter; astrochemistry; ISM : molecules; X-rays : ISM ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; CHEMICAL-MODELS; STAR-FORMATION; HOT CORES; MOLECULES; REGIONS; GAS; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; OUTFLOW AB Context. The chemistry in the inner few thousand AU of accreting envelopes around young stellar objects is predicted to vary greatly with far-UV and X-ray irradiation by the central star. Aims. We search for molecular tracers of high-energy irradiation by the protostar in the hot inner envelope. Methods. The Submillimeter Array (SMA) has observed the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591 in lines of CS, SO, HCN, HCN(v(2) = 1), and (HCN)-N-15 with 0.6" resolution at 350 GHz probing radial scales of 600-3500 AU for an assumed distance of 1 kpc. The SMA observations are compared with the predictions of a chemical model fitted to previous single-dish observations. Results. The CS and SO main peaks are extended in space at the FWHM level, as predicted in the model assuming protostellar X-rays. However, the main peak sizes are found smaller than modeled by nearly a factor of 2. On the other hand, the lines of CS, HCN, and (HCN)-N-15, but not SO and HCN(v(2) = 1), show pedestal emissions at radii less than or similar to 3500 AU that are not predicted. All lines except SO show a secondary peak within the approaching outflow cone. A dip or null in the visibilities caused by a sharp decrease in abundance with increasing radius is not observed in CS and only tentatively in SO. Conclusions. The emission of protostellar X-rays is supported by the good fit of the modeled SO and CS amplitude visibilities including an extended main peak in CS. The broad pedestals can be interpreted by far-UV irradiation in a spherically non-symmetric geometry, possibly comprising outflow walls on scales of 3500-7000 AU. The extended CS and SO main peaks suggest sulfur evaporation near the 100 K temperature radius. The effects of the corresponding abundance jumps may be reduced in visibility plots by smoothing due to inhomogeneity at the evaporation radius, varying by +/- 10% or more in different directions. C1 ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Groningen, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Benz, AO (reprint author), ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM benz@astro.phys.ethz.ch RI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/L-7936-2014 OI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/0000-0001-9133-8047 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 475 IS 2 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078032 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 230VH UT WOS:000250903700023 ER PT J AU Shepler, BC Yang, BH Kumar, TJD Stancil, PC Bowman, JM Balakrishnan, N Zhang, P Bodo, E Dalgarno, A AF Shepler, B. C. Yang, B. H. Kumar, T. J. Dhilip Stancil, P. C. Bowman, J. M. Balakrishnan, N. Zhang, P. Bodo, E. Dalgarno, A. TI Low energy H+CO scattering revisited - CO rotational excitation with new potential surfaces SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular processes; ISM : molecules ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; HOT HYDROGEN-ATOMS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BASIS-SETS; COEFFICIENTS; HCO AB Context. A recent modeling study of brightness ratios for CO rotational transitions in gas typical of the diffuse ISM by Liszt found the role of H collisions to be more important than previously assumed. This conclusion was based on recent quantum scattering calculations using the so-called WKS potential energy surface (PES) which reported a large cross section for the important 0 -> 1 rotational transition. This result is in contradiction to one obtained using the earlier BBH PES for which the cross section is quite small and which is consistent with an expected homonuclear-like propensity for even Delta J transitions. Aims. We revisit this contradiction with new scattering calculations using two new ab initio PESs that focus on the important long-range behavior and explore the validity of the apparent departure from the expected even Delta J propensity in H-CO rotational excitation obtained with the WKS PES. Methods. Close-coupling (CC) rigid-rotor calculations for CO(v = 0, J = 0) excitation by H are performed on four different PESs. Two of the PESs are obtained in this work using state-of-the-art quantum chemistry techniques at the CCSD(T) and MRCI levels of theory. Results. Cross sections for the J = 0. 1, as well as other odd Delta J, transitions are significantly suppressed compared to even Delta J transitions in thermal energy CC calculations using the CCSD( T) and MRCI surfaces. This is consistent with the expected even Delta J propensity and in contrast to CC calculations using the WKS PES which predict a dominating 0 -> 1 transition. Conclusions. Inelastic collision cross section calculations are sensitive to fine details in the anisotropic components of the PES and its long-range behavior. The current results obtained with new surfaces for H-CO scattering suggest that the original astrophysical assumption that excitation of CO by H-2 dominates the kinetics of CO in diffuse ISM gas is likely to remain valid. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNISM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Shepler, BC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM bcshepl@emory.edu; yang@physast.uga.edu; dhilip.thogluva@unlv.edu; stancil@physast.uga.edu; jmbowman@emory.edu; naduvala@unlv.nevada.edu; pezhang@cfa.harvard.edu; e.bodo@caspur.it; adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bodo, Enrico/F-4375-2012 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 475 IS 2 BP L15 EP L18 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078693 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 230VH UT WOS:000250903700003 ER PT J AU Menten, KM Reid, MJ Forbrich, J Brunthaler, A AF Menten, K. M. Reid, M. J. Forbrich, J. Brunthaler, A. TI The distance to the Orion Nebula SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : pre-main sequence; radio continuum : stars; techniques : interferometic; astrometry ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; PROPER MOTIONS; HIPPARCOS DATA; RADIO-SOURCES; CLUSTER; SYSTEM; MASS; INTERFEROMETRY AB We have used the Very Long Baseline Array to measure the trigonometric parallax of several member stars of the Orion Nebula Cluster showing non-thermal radio emission. We have determined the distance to the cluster to be 414 +/- 7 pc. Our distance determination allows for an improved calibration of luminosities and ages of young stars. We have also measured the proper motions of four cluster stars which, when accurate radial velocities are measured, will put strong constraints on the origin of the cluster. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Menten, KM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; reid@cfa.harvard.edu; jforbrich@cfa.harvard.edu; brunthal@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 44 TC 413 Z9 415 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 474 IS 2 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078247 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219SW UT WOS:000250106100022 ER PT J AU Werner, N Churazov, E Finoguenov, A Markevitch, M Burenin, R Kaastra, JS Bohringer, H AF Werner, N. Churazov, E. Finoguenov, A. Markevitch, M. Burenin, R. Kaastra, J. S. Boehringer, H. TI Complex X-ray morphology of Abell 3128: A distant cluster behind a disturbed cluster SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual : Abell 3128; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON; VORONOI TESSELLATIONS; TEMPERATURE; CATALOG; SPECTRUM; SHOCKS AB We present here the results of a detailed study of the X-ray properties of the cluster of galaxies Abell 3128 (z = 0.06), based on the analysis of deep (100 ks) XMM-Newton data. The most obvious feature of the X-ray morphology of A3128 is the presence of two X-ray peaks separated by similar to 12'. By detecting the redshifted Fe K line, we find that the Northeast (NE) X-ray peak observed toward A3128 is a distant luminous cluster of galaxies at redshift z = 0.44. Our subsequent optical spectroscopic observation of a distant radio bright galaxy in the centre of the NE X-ray peak with the Magellan telescope also revealed a redshift of z = 0.44, confirming the association of the galaxy with the cluster seen in X-rays. We detect a gravitational arc around the galaxy. The properties of this galaxy indicate that it is the cD galaxy of the cluster in the background. The properties of the Southwest X-ray peak suggest that it is the core of a group merging with A3128 along our line of sight. Based on 2D maps of thermodynamic properties of the intra-cluster medium determined after subtracting a model for the background cluster, we conclude that an enhanced surface brightness region at a distance of similar to 2.8' from the centre of the galaxy distribution is the centre of the gravitational potential of the cluster A3128. The unrelaxed nature of A3128 can be attributed to its location in the high density environment of the Horologium-Reticulum supercluster. C1 SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85749 Garching, Germany. IKI, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-08 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Werner, N (reprint author), SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM n.werner@sron.nl RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 474 IS 3 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077990 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224JS UT WOS:000250443900007 ER PT J AU Palau, A Estalella, R Ho, PTP Beuther, H Beltran, MT AF Palau, Aina Estalella, R. Ho, P. T. P. Beuther, H. Beltran, M. T. TI Unveiling the nature and interaction of the intermediate/high-mass YSOs in IRAS 20343+4129 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; ISM : individual objects : IRAS 20343+4129; ISM : dust, extinction; ISM : clouds ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; STAR-FORMING REGION; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; VELA MOLECULAR CLOUDS; BRIGHT-RIMMED CLOUDS; IRAS POINT SOURCES; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; MAIN-SEQUENCE AB Context. IRAS 20343+ 4129 was suggested to harbor one of the most massive and embedded stars in the Cygnus OB2 association, IRS 1, which seemed to be associated with a north-south molecular outflow. However, the dust emission peaks do not coincide with the position of IRS 1, but lie on either side of another massive Young Stellar Object (YSO), IRS 3, which is associated with centimeter emission. Aims. The goal of this work is to elucidate the nature of IRS 1 and IRS 3, and study their interactions with the surrounding medium. Methods. The Submillimeter Array (SMA) was used to observe with high angular resolution the 1.3 mm continuum and CO(2 -1) emission of the region, and we compared this millimeter emission with the infrared emission from 2MASS. Results. Faint millimeter dust continuum emission was detected toward IRS 1, and we derived an associated gas mass of similar to 0.8 M(circle dot). The IRS 1 Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) agrees with IRS 1 being an intermediate-mass Class I source of about 1000 L (circle dot), whose circumstellar material is producing the observed large infrared excess. We have discovered a high-velocity CO(2 -1) bipolar outflow in the east-west direction, which is clearly associated with IRS 1. Its outflow parameters are similar to those of intermediate-mass YSOs. Associated with the blue large-scale CO(2 -1) outflow lobe, detected with single-dish observations, we only found two elongated low-velocity structures on either side of IRS 3. The large-scale outflow lobe is almost completely resolved out by the SMA. Our detected low-velocity CO structures are coincident with elongated H2 emission features. The strongest millimeter continuum condensations in the region are found on either side of IRS 3, where the infrared emission is extremely weak. The CO and H(2) elongated structures follow the border of the millimeter continuum emission that is facing IRS 3. All these results suggest that the dust is associated with the walls of an expanding cavity driven by IRS 3, estimated to be a B2 star from both the centimeter and the infrared continuum emission. Conclusions. IRS 1 seems to be an intermediate-mass Class I YSO driving a molecular outflow in the east-west direction, while IRS 3 is most likely a more evolved intermediate/high-mass star that is driving a cavity and accumulating dust in its walls. Within and beyond the expanding cavity, the millimeter continuum sources can be sites of future low-mass star formation. C1 INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fdn, Madrid 28691, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astronom & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Palau, A (reprint author), INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fdn, Apartado 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. EM apalau@laeff.inta.es OI Beltran Sorolla, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-3315-5626 NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 474 IS 3 BP 911 EP 922 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077692 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224JS UT WOS:000250443900027 ER PT J AU Prestwich, AH Kilgard, R Crowther, PA Carpano, S Pollock, AMT Zezas, A Saar, SH Roberts, TP Ward, MJ AF Prestwich, A. H. Kilgard, R. Crowther, P. A. Carpano, S. Pollock, A. M. T. Zezas, A. Saar, S. H. Roberts, T. P. Ward, M. J. TI The orbital period of the Wolf-Rayet binary IC 10 X-1: Dynamic evidence that the compact object is a black hole SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : starburst; stars : Wolf-Rayet; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies ID GALAXY IC-10; STARBURST; EVOLUTION; STARS; CANDIDATE; CHANDRA AB IC 10 X-1 is a bright (L-X = 10(38) ergs s(-1)) variable X-ray source in the Local Group starburst galaxy IC 10. The most plausible optical counterpart is a luminous Wolf-Rayet star, making IC 10 X-1 a rare example of a Wolf-Rayet X-ray binary. In this Letter, we report on the detection of an X-ray orbital period for IC 10 X-1 of 34.4 hr. This result, combined with a reexamination of optical spectra, allows us to determine a mass function for the system of integral (M) = 7.8 M-circle dot and a probable mass for the compact object of 24-33 M-circle dot. If this analysis is correct, the compact object is the most massive stellar-mass black hole known. We further show that the observed period is inconsistent with Roche lobe overflow, suggesting that the binary is detached and that the black hole is accreting the wind of the Wolf-Rayet star. The observed mass-loss rate of [MAC92] 17A is sufficient to power the X-ray luminosity of IC 10 X-1. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. European Space Astron Ctr, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid 28080, Spain. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Prestwich, AH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XC UT WOS:000250480700006 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Cox, TJ Robertson, B Krause, E AF Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars Cox, Thomas J. Robertson, Brant Krause, Elisabeth TI A theoretical interpretation of the black hole fundamental plane SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOG-QUADRATIC RELATION; DARK-MATTER HALOES AB We examine the origin and evolution of correlations between properties of supermassive BHs and their host galaxies using simulations of major galaxy mergers, including the effects of gas dissipation, cooling, star formation, and BH accretion and feedback. We demonstrate that the simulations predict the existence of a BH "fundamental plane'' (BHFP), of the form M-BH proportional to sigma(3.0 +/- 0.3) R-e(0.43 +/- 0.19) or M-BH proportional to M-*(0.54 +/- 0.17) sigma(2.2 +/- 0.5), similar to relations found observationally. The simulations indicate that the BHFP can be understood roughly as a tilted intrinsic correlation between BH mass and spheroid binding energy, or the condition for feedback coupling to power a pressure-driven outflow. While changes in halo circular velocity, merger orbital parameters, progenitor disk redshifts and gas fractions, ISM gas pressurization, and other parameters can drive changes in, e. g., sigma at fixed M-*, and therefore changes in the M-BH-sigma or M-BH-M-* relations, the BHFP is robust. Given the empirical trend of decreasing R-e for a given M-*, at high redshift ( i.e., increasingly deep potential wells), the BHFP predicts that BHs will be more massive at fixed M*-, in good agreement with recent observations. This evolution in the structural properties of merger remnants, to smaller R-e and larger - ( and therefore larger MBH, conserving the BHFP) at a given M-*-, is driven by the fact that disks ( merger progenitors) have characteristically larger gas fractions at high redshifts. Adopting the observed evolution of disk gas fractions with redshift, our simulations predict the observed trends in both Re( M-*) and MBH(M-*). The existence of this BHFP also has important implications for the masses of the very largest black holes and immediately resolves several apparent conflicts between the BH masses expected and measured for outliers in both the M-BH-sigma and M-BH- M-* relations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Bonn, Dept Phys & Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 135 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP 45 EP 66 DI 10.1086/521590 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XB UT WOS:000250480600005 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Cox, TJ Robertson, B Krause, E AF Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars Cox, Thomas J. Robertson, Brant Krause, Elisabeth TI An observed fundamental plane relation for supermassive black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOG-QUADRATIC RELATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; MASS; CENTERS; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMETRY AB We study observed correlations between super massive black hole (BHs) and the properties of their host galaxies and show that the observations define a BH ``fundamental plane'' (BHFP), of the form M-BH proportional to sigma(3.0 +/- 0.3) R-e(0.43 +/- 0.19) or M-BH proportional to M-*(0.54 +/- 0.17 sigma 2.2 +/- 0.5), analogous to the FP of elliptical galaxies. The BHFP is preferred over a simple relation between M-BH and any of sigma, M-*, M-dyn, or R-e alone at >3 sigma ( 99.9%) significance. The existence of this BHFP has important implications for the formation of supermassive BHs and the masses of the very largest black holes and immediately resolves several apparent conflicts between the BH masses expected and measured for outliers in both the M-BH-sigma and M-BH-M-* relations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Bonn, Dept Phys & Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 30 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1086/521601 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XB UT WOS:000250480600006 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Neufeld, DA Melnick, GJ AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo Neufeld, David A. Melnick, Gary J. TI Water vapor emission from IRC+10216 and other carbon-rich stars: Model predictions and prospects for multitransition observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; radiative transfer; stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual (IRC+10216); submillimeter ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; MASS-LOSS RATES; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; AGB STARS; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; INTERSTELLAR WATER; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; EVOLVED STARS; HD 154368; CHEMISTRY AB We have modeled the emission of H2O rotational lines from the extreme C-rich star IRC + 10216. Our treatment of the excitation of H2O emissions takes into account the excitation of H2O both through collisions and through the pumping of the v(2) and v(3) vibrational states by dust emission and subsequent decay to the ground state. Regardless of the spatial distribution of the water molecules, the H2O( 1(10)-1(01)) line at 557 GHz observed by the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite ( SWAS) is found to be pumped primarily through the absorption of dust-emitted photons at 6 mu m in the v(2) band. As noted by previous authors, the inclusion of radiative pumping lowers the ortho-H2O abundance required to account for the 557 GHz emission, which is found to be ( 0: 5-1) x 10(-7) if the presence of H2O is a consequence of vaporization of orbiting comets or Fischer-Tropsch catalysis. Predictions for other submillimeter H2O lines that can be observed by the Herschel Space Observatory ( HSO) are reported. Multitransition HSO observations promise to reveal the spatial distribution of the circumstellar water vapor, discriminating among the several hypotheses that have been proposed for the origin of the H2O vapor in the envelope of IRC + 10216. We also show that, for observations with HSO, the H2O( 1(10)-1(01)) 557 GHz line affords the greatest sensitivity in searching for H2O in other C-rich AGB stars. C1 Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Campus Univ, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP 412 EP 423 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XB UT WOS:000250480600031 ER PT J AU Winston, E Megeath, ST Wolk, SJ Muzerolle, J Gutermuth, R Hora, JL Allen, LE Spitzbart, B Myers, P Fazio, GG AF Winston, E. Megeath, S. T. Wolk, S. J. Muzerolle, J. Gutermuth, R. Hora, J. L. Allen, L. E. Spitzbart, B. Myers, P. Fazio, G. G. TI A combined Spitzer and Chandra survey of young stellar objects in the serpens cloud core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; stars : pre-main-sequence; X-rays : stars; Online material : machine-readable tables ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION LAW; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; ORION ULTRADEEP PROJECT; LOW-MASS STARS AB We present Spitzer and Chandra observations of the nearby ( similar to 260 pc) embedded stellar cluster in the Serpens cloud core. We observed, using Spitzer's IRAC and MIPS instruments, in six wavelength bands from 3 to 70 mu m, to detect thermal emission from circumstellar disks and protostellar envelopes and to classify stars using color-color diagrams and SEDs. These data are combined with Chandra observations to examine the effects of circumstellar disks on stellar X-ray properties. Young diskless stars were also identified from their increased X-ray emission. We have identified 138 YSOs in Serpens: 22 Class 0/I, 16 flat-spectrum, 62 Class II, 17 transition disk, and 21 Class III stars; 60 of these exhibit X-ray emission. Our primary results are the following: ( 1) 10 protostars detected previously in the submillimeter are detected at lambda < 24 mu m, seven at lambda < 8 mu m; ( 2) the protostars are more closely grouped than more evolved YSOs ( median protostar separation similar to 0.024 pc); and ( 3) the luminosity and temperature of the X-ray-emitting plasma around these YSOs do not show any significant dependence on evolutionary class. We combine the infrared-derived values of A(K) and X-ray values of N-H for eight Class III objects and find that the column density of hydrogen gas per magnitude of extinctions is less than half the standard interstellar value, for A(K) > 1. This may be the result of grain growth through coagulation and/or the accretion of volatiles in the Serpens cloud core. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Sci Ctr N, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Winston, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ewinston@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 108 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP 493 EP 518 DI 10.1086/521384 PN 1 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XB UT WOS:000250480600038 ER PT J AU Currie, T Kenyon, SJ Balog, Z Bragg, A Tokarz, S AF Currie, Thayne Kenyon, Scott J. Balog, Zoltan Bragg, Ann Tokarz, Susan TI Discovery of gas accretion onto stars in 13 Myr old h and chi Persei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks open; clusters and associations : individual (NGC 869 NGC 884); planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; OB ASSOCIATION; TAURUS-AURIGA; DUSTY DISKS; MASS STARS; EVOLUTION; CLUSTER; EMISSION; PROTOPLANETS; PULSARS AB We report the discovery of accretion disks associated with similar to 13 Myr old intermediate/low-mass stars in h and x Persei. Optical spectroscopy of similar to 5000 stars in these clusters and a surrounding halo population reveal 32 A-K stars with Ha emission. Matching these stars with 2MASS and optical photometry yields 25 stars with the highest probability of cluster membership and EW(H alpha) = 5 angstrom. Sixteen of these sources have EW(H alpha) >= 10 angstrom. The population of accreting sources is strongly spectral type dependent: Ha emission characteristic of accretion especially strong accretion, [EW(H alpha) >= 10 angstrom], is much more prevalent around stars later than G0. Strong Ha emission from A accretion is typically associated with redder colors. The existence of accreting pre-main-sequence stars in K-s - [8] h and x Persei implies that circumstellar gas in some systems, especially those with primaries later than G5 spectral type, can last longer than 10-15 Myr. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Currie, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM tcurrie@cfa.harvard.edu NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/523595 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XC UT WOS:000250480700009 ER PT J AU Hicken, M Garnavich, PM Prieto, JL Blondin, S Depoy, DL Kirshner, RP Parrent, J AF Hicken, M. Garnavich, P. M. Prieto, J. L. Blondin, S. DePoy, D. L. Kirshner, R. P. Parrent, J. TI The luminous and carbon-rich supernova 2006gz: A double degenerate merger? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2006gz) ID MASS WHITE-DWARF; IA SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; LIGHT CURVES; SPECTRA; TELESCOPE; GALAXIES; DUST; STAR AB Spectra and light curves of SN 2006gz show the strongest signature of unburned carbon and one of the slowest fading light curves ever seen in a Type Ia event [Delta m(15)(B) = 0.69 +/- 0.04]. The early-time Si II velocity is low, 15 implying it was slowed by an envelope of unburned material. Our best estimate of the luminosity implies M-v = -19.74 and the production of similar to 1.2 M-circle dot of Ni-56. This suggests a super-Chandrasekhar mass progenitor. A double degenerate merger is consistent with these observations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hicken, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mhicken@cfa.harvard.edu; pgarnavi@nd.edu; prieto@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu; depoy@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; kirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; parrent@nhn.ou.edu NR 39 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP L17 EP L20 DI 10.1086/523301 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XC UT WOS:000250480700005 ER PT J AU Grimm, HJ McDowell, J Zezas, A Kim, DW Fabbiano, G AF Grimm, H.-J. McDowell, J. Zezas, A. Kim, D.-W. Fabbiano, G. TI The X-ray binary population in M33. II. X-ray spectra and variability SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M33); local group; X-rays : binaries ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SCORPIUS X-1; GALAXY M33; CATALOG; M-33; CANDIDATE; DUST; SOFT AB In this paper we investigate the X-ray spectra and X-ray spectral variability of compact X-ray sources for 3 Chandra observations of the Local Group galaxy M33. The observations are centered on the nucleus and the star-forming region NGC 604. In the observations, 261 sources have been detected. For a total of 43 sources the number of net counts is above 100, sufficient for a more detailed spectral fitting. Of these sources, 25 have been observed in more than one observation, allowing the study of spectral variability on timescales of similar to months. A quarter of the sources are found to be variable between observations. However, except for two foreground sources, no source is variable within any observation above the 99% confidence level. Only six sources show significant spectral variability between observations. A comparison of N(H) values with H I observations shows that X-ray absorption values are consistent with Galactic X-ray binaries and most sources in M33 are intrinsically absorbed. The pattern of variability and the spectral parameters of these sources are consistent with the M33 X-ray source population being dominated by X-ray binaries: Two-thirds of the 43 bright sources have spectral and timing properties consistent with X-ray binaries; we also find two candidates for supersoft sources and two candidates for quasi-soft sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grimm, HJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 173 IS 1 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1086/519952 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 221AP UT WOS:000250199100003 ER PT J AU Biller, BA Close, LM Masciadri, E Nielsen, E Lenzen, R Brandner, W McCarthy, D Hartung, M Kellner, S Mamajek, E Henning, T Miller, D Kenworthy, M Kulesa, C AF Biller, Beth A. Close, Laird M. Masciadri, Elena Nielsen, Eric Lenzen, Rainer Brandner, Wolfgang McCarthy, Donald Hartung, Markus Kellner, Stephan Mamajek, Eric Henning, Thomas Miller, Douglas Kenworthy, Matthew Kulesa, Craig TI An imaging survey for extrasolar planets around 45 close, young stars with the simultaneous differential imager at the very large telescope and MMT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : adaptive optics; planetary systems ID AB-DORADUS-C; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS BINARY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; T TAURI STARS; BROWN DWARF; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; GIANT PLANETS; NEARBY STARS AB We present the results of a survey of 45 young (less than or similar to 250 Myr), close ( less than or similar to 50 pc) stars with the Simultaneous Differential Imager ( SDI) implemented at the VLT and the MMT for the direct detection of extrasolar planets. As part of the survey, we observed 54 objects, consisting of 45 close, young stars; two more distant (< 150 pc), extremely young ( <= 10 Myr) stars; three stars with known radial velocity planets; and four older, very nearby ( <= 20 pc) solar analogs. Our SDI devices use a double Wollaston prism and a quad filter to take images simultaneously at three wavelengths surrounding the 1.62 mu m methane absorption bandhead found in the spectrum of cool brown dwarfs and gas giant planets. By differencing adaptive optics-corrected images in these filters, speckle noise from the primary star is significantly attenuated, resulting in photon ( and flat-field)-noise-limited data. In our VLT data, we achieved H-band contrasts greater than or similar to 10 mag ( 5 sigma) at a separation of 0.50" from the primary star on 45% of our targets and H-band contrasts greater than or similar to 9 mag at a separation of 0.5" on 80% of our targets. With these contrasts, we can image ( 5 sigma detection) a 7 M-J planet 15 AU from a 70 Myr K1 star at 15 pc or a 7.8 MJ planet at 2 AU from a 12 Myr M star at 10 pc. We detected no candidates with S/N > 2 sigma which behaved consistently like a real object. From our survey null result, we can rule out ( with 93% confidence) a model planet population where N( a) proportional to constant out to a distance of 45 AU. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Biller, BA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Masciadri, Elena/L-4377-2013; OI Masciadri, Elena/0000-0002-0450-4092; Nielsen, Eric/0000-0001-6975-9056; Biller, Beth/0000-0003-4614-7035 NR 90 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 173 IS 1 BP 143 EP 165 DI 10.1086/519925 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 221AP UT WOS:000250199100007 ER PT J AU Radtke, MG da Fonseca, CRV Williamson, GB AF Radtke, M. G. da Fonseca, C. R. V. Williamson, G. B. TI The old and young Amazon: Dung beetle biomass, abundance, and species diversity SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Brazil; Ecuador; Neotropics; productivity; richness; Scarabaeidae; tropical wet forest ID RAIN-FORESTS; CONSERVATION; COLEOPTERA; PRIMATE; SCARABAEIDAE; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; DENSITY; BRAZIL; GUILD AB The Amazon Basin can be divided into two geomorphological regions based on the age of its soils: young (< 30 mya) and old (> 300 mya). We tested the effects of soil age on dung beetle communities by comparing biomass, abundance, and species between reserves in Ecuador on young soils and reserves in Brazil on old soils. Beetle biomass in the old Amazon was one-third that in the young Amazon, and beetle abundance in the old Amazon was one-fourth that in the young Amazon. Species richness, rarefied to equal sample sizes, was not significantly different between old and young soils. These data suggest young soils of the Amazon support a significantly greater biomass and abundance of dung beetles than old soils, but that species richness across the Basin is similar. As dung beetles are bio-indicators of mammals, our data support previous studies indicating a greater biomass of mammals on young versus old Amazon soils. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Dept Entomol, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69083970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Radtke, MG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mradtk1@lsu.edu RI da Fonseca, Claudio Ruy/K-8252-2012 NR 54 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00324.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216MA UT WOS:000249880900007 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI 2007 Luis F. Bacardi Award for Advances in Tropical Conservation SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/B-5447-2008 OI Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/0000-0002-4174-8467 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 781 EP 781 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00377.x PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216MA UT WOS:000249880900015 ER PT J AU George, RY Cairns, SD AF George, Robert Y. Cairns, Stephen D. TI Deep-sea coral ecosystems: Biology and geology - Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Seep-sea Corals, Miami, Florida, USA, November 28 December 2, 2005 SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [George, Robert Y.] GIBS, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Cairns, Stephen D.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP George, RY (reprint author), GIBS, 305 Yorkshire Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 249BV UT WOS:000252202700001 ER PT J AU Cairns, SD AF Cairns, Stephen D. TI Deep-water corals: An overview with special reference to diversity and distribution of deep-water Scleractinian corals SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Miami, FL ID AZOOXANTHELLATE SCLERACTINIA; CNIDARIA ANTHOZOA AB The polyphyletic term coral is defined as those Cnidaria having continuous or discontinuous calcium carbonate or horn-like skeletal elements. So defined, the group consists of seven taxa (Scleractinia, Antipatharia, Octocorallia, Stylasteridae, and Milleporidae, two zoanthids, and three calcified hydractiniids) constituting about 5080 species, 66% of which occur in water deeper than 50 m, i.e., deep water as defined in this paper. Although the number of newly described species of deep-water scleractinian corals appears to be increasing at an exponential rate, it is suggested that this rate will plateau in the near future. The majority of azooxanthellate Scleractinia is solitary in form, firmly attached to a substrate, most abundant at 200-1000 m, and consist of caryophylliids. Literature helpful for the identification of deep-water Scleractinia is listed according to 16 geographic regions of the world. A species diversity contour map is presented for the azooxanthellate scleractinian species, showing centers of high diversity in the Philippine region, the western Atlantic Antilles, and the northwest Indian Ocean, and is remarkably similar to high diversity regions for shallow-water zooxanthellate Scleractinia. As suggested for shallow-water corals, the cause for the high diversity of deep-water scleractinian diversity is thought to be the result of the availability of large contiguous stable substrate, in the case of deep-water corals at depths of 200-1000 m (the area effect), whereas regions of low biodiversity appear to be correlated with a shallow depth of the aragonite saturation horizon. RP Cairns, SD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, W-329,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM cairnss@si.edu NR 63 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 26 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 311 EP 322 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 249BV UT WOS:000252202700002 ER PT J AU Lonsdale, O Marshall, SA AF Lonsdale, Owen Marshall, Stephen A. TI Revision of the genus Phylloclusia (Diptera : Clusiidae : Clusiinae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The Oriental clusiine genus Phylloclusia Hendel, 1913 is redefined and revised, with four new species (P. hendeli sp. nov., P. darlingi sp. nov., P. nigroscutellum sp. nov., and P lanceola sp. nov.) described from Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Phylloclusia is established as the sister genus to the Japanese, Afrotropical, and Australian Tetrameringia McAlpine, 1960 on the basis of newly recognized male and female genitalic synapomorphies. An identification key and illustrations for the six species of Phylloclusia are provided. C1 [Lonsdale, Owen] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Marshall, Stephen A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Insect Syst Lab, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Lonsdale, O (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Room CE-607,10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Neoxabea@hotmail.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 139 IS 6 BP 778 EP 792 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 243OE UT WOS:000251806400002 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Talbot, SL McCracken, KG AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Talbot, Sandy L. McCracken, Kevin G. TI Genetic characterization of Common Eiders breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Common Eider; gene flow; population genetic structure; Somateria mollissima ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; DUCK SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COALESCENT APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MIGRATION RATES AB We assessed population genetic subdivision among four colonies of Common Eiders (Somateria niollissima v-nigrum) breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska, using microsatellite genotypes and DNA sequences with differing modes of inheritance. Significant, albeit low, levels of genetic differentiation were observed between mainland populations and Kigigak Island for nuclear intron lamin A and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Intercolony variation in haplotypic frequencies also was observed at mtDNA. Positive growth signatures assayed from microsatellites, nuclear introns, and mtDNA indicate recent colonization of the YKD, and may explain the low levels of structuring observed. Gene flow estimates based on microsatellites, nuclear introns, and mtDNA suggest asymmetrical gene flow between mainland colonies and Kigigak Island, with more individuals on average dispersing from mainland populations to Kigigak Island than vice versa. The directionality of gene flow observed may be explained by the colonization of the YKD from northern glacial refugia or by YKD metapopulation dynamics. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Talbot, Sandy L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MSC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM sonsthagens@si.edu RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 878 EP 893 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[878:GCOCEB]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600013 ER PT J AU Fleischer, RC Slikas, B Beadell, J Atkins, C McIntosh, CE Conant, S AF Fleischer, Robert C. Slikas, Beth Beadell, Jon Atkins, Colm McIntosh, Carl E. Conant, Sheila TI Genetic variability and taxonomic status of the Nihoa and Laysan Millerbirds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Acrocephalus; genetic variation; Laysan; microsatellites; Millerbird; mitochondrial DNA; Nihoa ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MITOCHONDRIAL; DIVERSIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; AVES AB The Millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris) is an endemic Northwestern Hawaiian Islands reed warbler that existed until about 1923 on Laysan Island (A.f. familiaris) and currently occurs in a small population on Nihoa Island (A. f. kingi). The two populations are described as separate subspecies or species on the basis of size and plumage differences. We assessed genetic variation in blood samples from 15 individuals in the modern Nihoa population using approximately 3000 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and 14 microsatellite loci. We also obtained up to 1028 bp of mtDNA sequence from the fragmented DNA of museum specimens of three birds collected on Nihoa in 1923 and five birds collected on Laysan in 1902 and 1911 (ancient samples). Genetic variation in both marker types was extremely low in the modern Nihoa population (nucleotide diversity [pi] = 0.00005 for mtDNA sequences; observed heterozygosity was 7.2% for the microsatellite loci). In contrast, we found three mtDNA haplotypes among the five Laysan individuals (pi = 0.0023), indicating substantially greater genetic variation. The Nihoa and Laysan taxa differed by 1.7% uncorrected mtDNA sequence divergence, a magnitude that would support designation at the subspecies, and perhaps species, level relative to other closely related Acrocephalus species pairs. However, in light of strong ecological similarity between the two taxa, and a need to have additional populations to prevent extinction from stochastic effects and catastrophes, we believe these genetic differences should not deter a potential translocation of individuals from Nihoa to Laysan. C1 [Fleischer, Robert C.; Slikas, Beth; Beadell, Jon; Atkins, Colm; McIntosh, Carl E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.; Slikas, Beth; Beadell, Jon; Atkins, Colm; McIntosh, Carl E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Conant, Sheila] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Fleischer, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, 3001 Connecticut Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM fleischerr@si.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 954 EP 962 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[954:GVATSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600020 ER PT J AU Miura, O AF Miura, Osamu TI Molecular genetic approaches to elucidate the ecological and evolutionary issues associated with biological invasions SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptic invasion; Genetic variation; Invasion history; Invasive species ID CHINESE MITTEN CRAB; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CRYPTIC INVASIONS; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; PACIFIC COAST; SEQUENCES; COLONIZATION; VARIABILITY; AGGRESSION AB Biological invasions may cause serious damage to the native environments and threaten the native biodiversity. Molecular genetic approaches have been found to be powerful tools for investigating the ecological and evolutionary aspects of biological invasions because the genetic structure and level of genetic variation of an invasive species are changed following its invasion. The present article reviews the use of molecular markers in addressing various aspects of invasive species. The application of these techniques has shown that many invasive species are actually "cryptic" species - species whose uniqueness is only recognizable at the genetic level. An estimation of the actual number of invasive species is essential when evaluating its ecological and economic impacts. Molecular genetic approaches have also enabled the source populations of invasive species to be identified. Reconstructions of invasion histories are crucial to preventing future invasions and conserving the native biodiversity, while comparisons of genetic variations between the native and introduced populations provide valuable opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of rapid adaptation demonstrated by many invasive species. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Miura, O (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM miurao@si.edu NR 59 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 876 EP 883 DI 10.1007/s11284-007-0389-5 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229VP UT WOS:000250834300005 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Condron, LM Richardson, SJ Peltzer, DA Allison, VJ AF Turner, Benjamin L. Condron, Leo M. Richardson, Sarah J. Peltzer, Duane A. Allison, Victoria J. TI Soil organic phosphorus transformations during pedogenesis SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; organic phosphorus; solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy; chronosequences; pedogenesis; ecosystem development; retrogression; New Zealand; inositol phosphates; DNA; soil ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; P-31 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; NEW-ZEALAND; EXTRACTION PROCEDURES; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; SOUTH WESTLAND; WETLAND SOILS; RAIN-FOREST; CHRONOSEQUENCE; PHOSPHATE AB Long-term changes in soil phosphorus influence ecosystem development and lead to a decline in the productivity of forests in undisturbed landscapes. Much of the soil phosphorus occurs in a series of organic compounds that differ in their availability to organisms, but changes in the relative abundance of these compounds during pedogenesis remain unknown. We used alkaline extraction and solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess the chemical nature of soil organic phosphorus along a 120,000-year post-glacial chronosequence at Franz Josef, New Zealand. Inositol phosphates, DNA, phospholipids, and phosphonates accumulated rapidly during the first 500 years of soil development characterized by nitrogen limitation of biological productivity, but then declined slowly to low concentrations in older soils characterized by intense phosphorus limitation. However, the relative contribution of the various compounds to the total organic phosphorus varied along the sequence in dramatic and surprising ways. The proportion of inositol hexakisphosphate, conventionally considered to be relatively recalcitrant in the environment, declined markedly in older soils, apparently due to a corresponding decline in amorphous metal oxides, which weather to crystalline forms during pedogenesis. In contrast, the proportion of DNA, considered relatively bioavailable in soil, increased continually throughout the sequence, due apparently to incorporation within organic structures that provide protection from biological attack. The changes in soil organic phosphorus coincided with marked shifts in plant and microbial communities, suggesting that differences in the forms and bio-availability of soil organic phosphorus have ecological significance. Overall, the results strengthen our understanding of phosphorus transformations during pedogenesis and provide important insight into factors regulating the composition of soil organic phosphorus. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. Lincoln Univ, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand. Landcare Res, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843, Balboa 03092, Panama. EM turnerbl@si.edu RI Peltzer, Duane/A-9463-2009; Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Condron, Leo/E-9458-2013; Richardson, Sarah/D-3353-2015 OI Peltzer, Duane/0000-0001-7724-3738; Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Richardson, Sarah/0000-0002-4097-0381 NR 68 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1166 EP 1181 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9086-z PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HJ UT WOS:000251224000008 ER PT J AU Snyder, BF Gowaty, PA AF Snyder, Brian F. Gowaty, Patricia Adair TI A reappraisal of Bateman's classic study of intrasexual selection SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bateman gradients; mating success variance; null model; sex differences; variance in number of mates; variance in reproductive success ID LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEXUAL SELECTION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MATING SUCCESS; VARIANCE; BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION; COMPONENTS; EVOLUTION AB Bateman's (1948) study showing greater variances in number of mates and reproductive success in male than female Drosophila melanogaster is a foundational paper in sexual selection. Here we show for the first time that his methods had flaws, including the elimination of genetic variance, sampling biases, miscalculations of fitness variances, statistical pseudo-replication, and selective presentation of data. We conclude that Bateman's results are unreliable, his conclusions are questionable, and his observed variances are similar to those expected under random mating. Despite our analysis, we do not intend this article as a criticism of Bateman; he accomplished his work without modern computational tools, and his approach was groundbreaking emphasizing the significance of fitness variance for sexual selection. However, this reanalysis has implications for what counts as evidence for sexual selection and we believe that our concerns should be of interest to contemporary students of sexual selection. We call for repetitions of Bateman's study using modern statistical and molecular methods. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APOAA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Snyder, BF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, 517 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM snyderb@uga.edu; gowaty@eeb.ucla.edu NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 49 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD NOV PY 2007 VL 61 IS 11 BP 2457 EP 2468 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00212.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 226JZ UT WOS:000250586600001 PM 17725639 ER PT J AU Behrensmeyer, AK Quade, J Cerling, TE Kappelman, J Khan, IA Copeland, P Roe, L Hicks, J Stubblefield, P Willis, BJ Latorre, C AF Behrensmeyer, Anna K. Quade, Jay Cerling, Thure E. Kappelman, John Khan, Imran A. Copeland, Peter Roe, Lois Hicks, Jason Stubblefield, Phoebe Willis, Brian J. Latorre, Claudio TI The structure and rate of late Miocene expansion of C-4 plants: Evidence from lateral variation in stable isotopes in paleosols of the Siwalik Group, northern Pakistan SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE carbon isotopes; oxygen isotopes; paleosol; Miocene; Pakistan ID MAGNETIC POLARITY STRATIGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; WYOMING PALEOGENE; FLUVIAL SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; HABITAT CHANGE; ASIAN MONSOON; TARAI REGION; LATE NEOGENE; RED BEDS AB This study uses stable isotope variation within individual Mio-Pliocene paleosols to investigate subkilometer-scale phytogeography of late Miocene vegetation change in southeast Asia between ca. 8.1 and 5 Ma, a time interval that coincides with dramatic global vegetation change. We examine trends through time in the distribution of low-latitude grasses (C-4 plants) and forest (C-3 plants) on Indo-Gangetic floodplains using carbon (delta C-13) and oxygen isotopic (delta C-18) values in buried soil carbonates in Siwalik Series sediments exposed in the Rohtas Anticline, north-central Pakistan. Revised, high-resolution magnetostratigraphy and a new Ar-40/Ar-39 date provide improved age control for the 2020 m Rohtas section. Carbon isotope results capture lateral variability of C-3 versus C-4 plants at five stratigraphic levels, R11 (8.0 Ma), R15 (6.74-6.78 Ma), R23 (5.78 Ma), R29 (4.8-4.9 Ma), and upper boundary tuff (UBT; 2.4 Ma), using detailed sampling of paleosols traceable laterally over hundreds of meters. Paleosols and the contained isotopic results can be assigned to three different depositional contexts within the fluvial sediments: channel fill, crevasse-splay, and floodplain environments. delta C-13 results show that near the beginning (8.0 Ma) and after (4.0 Ma) the period of major ecological change, vegetation was homogeneously C-3 or C-4, respectively, regardless of paleo-landscape position. In the intervening period, there is a wide range of values overall, with C-4 grasses first invading the drier portions of the system (floodplain surfaces) and C-3 plants persisting in moister settings, such as topographically lower channel swales. Although abrupt on a geologic timescale, changes in abundance of C-4 plants are modest (similar to 2% per 100,000 yr) compared to rates of vegetation turnover in response to glacial and interglacial climate changes in the Quaternary. Earlier research documented a sharply defined C-3 to C-4 transition in Pakistan between 8.1 and 5.0 Ma, based on vertical sampling, but this higher-resolution study reveals a more gradual transition between 8.0 and 4.5 Ma in which C-3 and C-4 plants occupied different subenvironments of the Siwalik alluvial plain. delta O-18 values as well as delta C-13 values of soil carbonate increase up section at Rohtas, similar to isotope trends in other paleosol records from the region. Spatially, however, there is no correlation between delta C-13 and delta O-18 values at most stratigraphic levels. This implies that the changes in soil hydrology brought about by the shift from forest to grassland (i.e., an increase in average soil evaporation) did not produce the shift through time in delta O-18 values. We interpret the trend toward heavier soil carbonate delta O-18 values as a response to changes in external climatic factors such as a net decrease in rainfall over the past 9 Ma. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Geol Survey Pakistan, Deputy Director Gen, Lahore, Pakistan. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Forens Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Chevron Energy Technol Co, Shallow Marine Stratigraphy, Houston, TX 77002 USA. Inst Ecol 7 Biodivers, Santiago 3425, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. RP Behrensmeyer, AK (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM behrensa@si.edu RI Copeland, Peter/A-9823-2008; Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 74 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 30 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 11-12 BP 1486 EP 1505 DI 10.1130/B26064.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 225UN UT WOS:000250543800014 ER PT J AU Grav, T Bauer, J AF Grav, Tommy Bauer, James TI A deeper look at the colors of the saturnian irregular satellites SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE irregular satellites; photometry; satellites, surfaces; Saturn, satellites ID TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS; OUTER JOVIAN-SATELLITES; KUIPER-BELT OBJECT; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DARK SIDE; ASTEROID FAMILIES; PLANET FORMATION; MOON PHOEBE; GAS-DRAG; IAPETUS AB We have performed broadband color photometry of the twelve brightest irregular satellites of Saturn with the goal of understanding their surface composition, as well as their physical relationship. We find that the satellites have a wide variety of different surface colors, from the negative spectral slopes of the two retrograde satellites S IX Phoebe (S' = -2.5 +/- 0.4) and S XXV Mundilfari (S' = -5.0 +/- 1.9) to the fairly red slope of S XXII Ijiraq (S' = 19.5 +/- 0.9). We further find that there exist a correlation between dynamical families and spectral slope, with the prograde clusters, the Gallic and Inuit, showing tight clustering in colors among most of their members. The retrograde objects are dynamically and physically more dispersed, but some internal structure is apparent. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Grav, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tgrav@cfa.harvard.edu NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 191 IS 1 BP 267 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.020 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228XR UT WOS:000250766400020 ER PT J AU Cartwright, P Collins, A AF Cartwright, Paulyn Collins, Allen TI Fossils and phylogenies: integrating multiple lines of evidence to investigate the origin of early major metazoan lineages SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Key Transitions in Animal Evolution CY JAN 03-07, 2007 CL Phoenix, AZ ID CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION; MORPHOLOGICAL DISPARITY; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE TIMES; ABSOLUTE RATES; SOUTH CHINA; RECORD; SPONGES; BILATERIANS AB Understanding the nature and timing of metazoan origins is one of the most important, yet elusive, questions in evolutionary biology. Fossil data provide the most tangible evidence for the origin of early animal lineages, although additional evidence from molecular phylogenetics, molecular clock studies, and development has contributed to our current understanding. We review several lines of evidence to explore the nature and timing of early metazoan evolution and discuss how these data, when considered together, provide a more cohesive picture of the origin of animal diversity. We discuss how trace fossils and biomarkers provide compelling evidence for the origins of Bilateria and siliceous sponges. Using a molecular phylogenetic framework for metazoans, we discuss how fossils can be used to date the origin of clades. We use these fossil dates to perform a relaxed molecular clock analysis for estimating dates of nodes when no fossils are available. We also discuss current data from developmental biology that suggest that early metazoans possessed a sophisticated molecular toolkit for building complex body plans. We conclude that the best evidence for the origin of major metazoan lineages lies in the careful interpretation of the fossil record and that these data, when considered with phylogenetic and developmental evidence, support the notion that the Cambrian radiation is a real phenomenon that marks a critically important time in the history of life. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Natl Systemat Lab, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cartwright, P (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM pcart@ku.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 68 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 744 EP 751 DI 10.1093/icb/icm071 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 229PI UT WOS:000250816100009 PM 21669755 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Heinrich Rantzau and the astrology SO JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY LA English DT Book Review C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 16 RUTHERFORD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2HH, ENGLAND SN 0021-8286 J9 J HIST ASTRON JI J. Hist. Astron. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 38 BP 510 EP 511 PN 4 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 234KL UT WOS:000251160100012 ER PT J AU Durrant, KL Reed, JL Jones, PJ Dallimer, M Cheke, RA McWilliam, AN Fleischer, RC AF Durrant, Kate L. Reed, Jennifer L. Jones, Peter J. Dallimer, Martin Cheke, Robert A. McWilliam, Andrew N. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Variation in haematozoan parasitism at local and landscape levels in the red-billed quelea Quelea quelea SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN MALARIA PARASITES; PLUMAGE COLORATION; BLOOD PARASITES; HOUSE FINCHES; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; AFRICA; HOST; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; CAROTENOIDS AB The red-billed quelea Quelea quelea, one of the most abundant birds in the world, presents two fundamental conundrums that we investigate here with a novel approach using blood parasite assemblages at two spatial scales, landscape and individual. The quelea of southern Africa Q. q. lathamii are split by a hypothesized migratory divide, where birds follow rain fronts in one of two directions (NW or SE). This divide is not detectable in the host population using microsatellite data, and here we show that it is also not apparent from our large-scale phylogeographical analyses of the haematozoan parasite. At a finer scale, the colourful and variable breeding plumage of male red-billed quelea has not previously shown a correlation with predictors of quality, as it does in many other bird species. The male's breeding plumage is partially based on carotenoid colouration, the quality of which has been correlated with haematozoan infection in other bird species. However, we found no correlation between intensity of male carotenoid colouration and haematozoan infection. Our results do not contradict the hypothesis that male breeding plumage in this species serves to identify individuals rather than to indicate quality. Finally, we recovered the greatest number of haematozoan lineages from any phylogenetic survey of a single host species to date. Understanding the reasons for the extreme diversity of parasite lineages in this species may assist in explaining the success of the red-billed quelea in anthropogenic landscapes. C1 Univ Sheffield, BIOME Grp, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Edinburgh, PJ Jones Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. RP Durrant, KL (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, BIOME Grp, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM k.l.durrant@sheffield.ac.uk OI Dallimer, Martin/0000-0001-8120-3309; Cheke, Robert/0000-0002-7437-1934 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 662 EP 671 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.04034.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 230ZY UT WOS:000250916700004 ER PT J AU Baltzer, JL Davies, SJ Noor, NSM Kassim, AR LaFrankie, JV AF Baltzer, Jennifer L. Davies, Stuart J. Noor, Nur Supardi Md. Kassim, Abdul Rahman LaFrankie, James V. TI Geographical distributions in tropical trees: can geographical range predict performance and habitat association in co-occurring tree species? SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abiotic resource requirements; geographical range; habitat association; plasticity; rainfall seasonality; Southeast Asia; stress tolerance; performance trade-offs; tropical trees ID RAIN-FOREST; NICHE BREADTH; TRADE-OFFS; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; HERBACEOUS FLORA; LOCAL ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIZE AB Aim A major floristic and climatic transition from aseasonal to seasonal evergreen tropical forest (the Kangar-Pattani Line; KPL) exists in the Indo-Sundaic region of Southeast Asia. Mechanisms constraining species distribution here are at present poorly understood, but it is hypothesized that species differ in their tolerances of abiotic factors, in particular water availability. Under this hypothesis, we anticipate differences in performance or habitat preferences, or both, of species differing in distribution with respect to the KPL. The aim of this study is to test whether geographical distributions can be used to explain variation in growth, mortality and habitat preferences in co-occurring tree species differing in their distribution in relation to the KPL. Location Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; south of the KPL. Methods All tree species within a 50-ha forest dynamics plot were classified as widespread or southern based upon their distributions in relation to the KPL and as habitat specialists or generalists based on spatial association with soil-based habitat categories. Growth and mortality rates, variation in growth and mortality with respect to soil type, and levels of habitat association were quantified for species with different geographical distributions. Results Differences existed in species performance based upon geographical distributions. Specifically, widespread species had lower growth rates than did species restricted to the aseasonal forests. Mortality rates did not differ as a function of geographical distribution. The growth responses of species to soil habitats also diverged, such that differences in performance of widespread species among soil types were more conservative than those of species restricted in their distribution to the aseasonal forests. However, the proportion of species showing positive habitat associations did not differ significantly between widespread and southern species. Main conclusions Distribution-based differences in species performance and response to soil type support the hypothesis that species tolerant of wider climatic variation perform less well in any given environment due to limitations on plasticity. These performance differences provide quantitative evidence of the role of climatic transitions in determining tree species distributions in relation to the Kangar-Pattani Line in the Indo-Malay region. Such differences in performance have important implications for our understanding of biodiversity gradients and responses of Indo-Sundaic forests to climate change. C1 Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, Sackville, NB E4L 1GL, Canada. Harvard Univ Hebaria, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Res Inst Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. Nanyang Technol Univ, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Singapore 637617, Singapore. RP Baltzer, JL (reprint author), Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, 63B York St, Sackville, NB E4L 1GL, Canada. EM jbaltzer@mta.ca NR 74 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1916 EP 1926 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01739.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 221YS UT WOS:000250263900007 ER PT J AU Hodgkison, R Ayasse, M Kalko, EKV Haeberlein, C Schulz, S Mustapha, WAW Zubaid, A Kunz, TH AF Hodgkison, Robert Ayasse, Manfred Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Haeberlein, Christopher Schulz, Stefan Mustapha, Wan Aida Wan Zubaid, Akbar Kunz, Thomas H. TI Chemical ecology of fruit bat foraging behavior in relation to the fruit odors of two species of paleotropical bat-dispersed figs (Ficus hispida and Ficus scortechinii) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seed dispersal syndromes; frugivory; old world tropics; co-evolution; olfaction; foraging ecology; moraceae; chiroptera; pteropodidae; fruit scent; sensory ecology ID LOWLAND RAIN-FOREST; EATING BATS; CAROLLIA-PERSPICILLATA; FLORAL SCENT; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; POLLINATED PLANTS; OLFACTION; CHIROPTERA; FRUGIVORES; PHYLLOSTOMATIDAE AB We investigated the fruit odors of two bat-dispersed fig species in the Paleotropics, in relation to the foraging behavior of fruit bats, to test the following hypotheses: 1) fruit odor plays a critical role for detection and selection of ripe figs by fruit bats; 2) bat-dispersed fig species are characterized by the same, or similar, chemical compounds; and 3) total scent production, in bat-dispersed figs, increases when fruits ripen. We performed bioassays to test the effect of both natural and synthetic fig fruit odors on the foraging behavior of the short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis)-an important disperser of figs within the study area. Fruit bats responded to both visual and chemical (olfactory) cues when foraging for figs. However, the strongest foraging reaction that resulted in a landing or feeding attempt was almost exclusively associated with the presence of a ripe fruit odor-either in combination with visual cues or when presented alone. Fruit bats also used fruit odors to distinguish between ripe and unripe fruits. By using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS), a total of 16 main compounds were identified in the ripe fruit odor of Ficus hispida and 13 in the ripe fruit odor of Ficus scortechinii-including alcohols, ketones, esters, and two terpenes. Additional compounds were also recorded in F. hispida, but not identified-four of which also occurred in F. scortechinii. Total scent production increased in both species when fruits ripened. Both natural and synthetic fruit odors resulted in feeding attempts by bats, with no feeding attempts elicited by unscented controls. Reaction rates to natural fruit odors were higher than those to synthetic blends. C1 Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Organ Chem, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fak Sains Teknol, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran Sumber Alam, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. RP Hodgkison, R (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM rhodgkison@hotmail.com RI zubaid, akbar/H-7964-2013 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2097 EP 2110 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9367-1 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229ER UT WOS:000250786300009 PM 17929094 ER PT J AU Classen, AT Chapman, SK Whitham, TG Hart, SC Koch, GW AF Classen, Aimee T. Chapman, Samantha K. Whitham, Thomas G. Hart, Stephen C. Koch, George W. TI Genetic-based plant resistance and susceptibility traits to herbivory influence needle and root litter nutrient dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decomposition; genotype; herbivory; insects; needle; nitrogen; nutrient cycling; phosphorus; root; semi-arid ID PINYON PINE; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SEMIARID WOODLAND; LIGNIN CONTROL; LEAF-LITTER; INSECT HERBIVORY; SOIL PROCESSES; DECOMPOSITION; FOREST AB 1. It is generally assumed that the same factors drive the decomposition of both litter and roots and that nutrient release from litter and roots is synchronized. However, few studies have explicitly tested these assumptions, and no studies have examined whether plant genetics (i.e. plant susceptibility to herbivory) could affect these relationships. 2. Here we examine the effects of herbivore susceptibility and resistance on needle and fine root litter decomposition of pinon pine, Pinus edulis. The study population consists of individual trees that are either susceptible or resistant to herbivory by the pinon needle scale, Matsucoccus acalyptus, or the stem-boring moth, Dioryctria albovittella. Genetic analyses and long-term experimental removals and additions of these insects to individual trees have identified trees that are naturally resistant or susceptible to M. acalyptus and D. albovittella. In addition, these herbivores increase litter chemical quality and alter soil microclimate, both of which mediate decomposition in ecosystems. 3. The effects of herbivore susceptibility and resistance on needle litter mass and phosphorus (P) loss, when significant, are largely mediated by herbivore-induced changes to microclimate. But the effects of herbivore susceptibility and resistance on root litter nitrogen (N) and P retention, and needle litter N retention, are largely governed by herbivore-induced changes to litter chemical quality. Whether a particular tree was resistant or susceptible to herbivores exerted a large influence on net nutrient release, but the direction of herbivore influence varied temporally. 4. The controls on decomposition vary between herbivore-susceptible and herbivore-resistant phenotypes. This suggests that understanding decomposition and nutrient retention in some ecosystems may require considering the effects of herbivores on above- and below-ground processes and how these effects may be governed by plant genetics. 5. Synthesis. Because so few studies have attempted to quantify genetic components of ecosystem processes, the integration of ecosystem ecology with population genetics has the potential to place ecosystem science within a genetic and evolutionary framework. Using field trials of known genetic composition, ecosystem scientists may use quantitative genetics techniques to explore ecosystem traits just as population geneticists have used these techniques to explore traditional traits such as resistance to insects. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Classen, AT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM aclassen@utk.edu RI Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470 NR 55 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1194 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01297.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 221ZK UT WOS:000250265700003 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Yagi, K Akiyama, H Nishimura, S Sudo, S Fumoto, T Hasegawa, T Hartley, AE Megonigal, JP AF Cheng, Weiguo Yagi, Kazuyuki Akiyama, Hiroko Nishimura, Seiichi Sudo, Shigeto Fumoto, Tamon Hasegawa, Toshihiro Hartley, Anne E. Megonigal, J. Patrick TI An empirical model of soil chemical properties that regulate methane production in Japanese rice paddy soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; EMISSION AB To understand which soil chemical properties are the best predictors of CH4 production in rice paddy soils, a model was developed with empirical data from nine types of rice soils collected around Japan and anaerobically incubated at 30 degrees C for 16 wk in laboratory conditions. After 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 wk of incubation, CO2, CH4, and Fe(II) were measured to understand soil organic matter decomposition and iron (Fe) reduction. Available N was also measured at the end of incubation. The results showed that decomposable C and reducible Fe are two key parameters that regulate soil CH4 production (P-CH4). There was a significant relationship between total Fe (Fe-total) and reducible Fe was found. From this experiment, a simple model of soil CH4 production was developed: P-CH4= 1.593N(ava) - 2.460Fe(total)/1000 (each unit was mg kg(-1) soil). After simulated CH, production by two soil chemical properties as above, there was a significant consistency between model simulation and actual measurement (r(2) = 0.831**). C1 Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Marine & Ecol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. EM cheng@niaes.affrc.go.jp NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1920 EP 1925 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0201 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231TR UT WOS:000250972400040 PM 17965395 ER PT J AU Leigh, EG AF Leigh, E. G., Jr. TI Neutral theory: a historical perspective SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE forest ecology; neutral theory; null hypotheses; population genetics ID GEOGRAPHICALLY STRUCTURED POPULATION; EWENS SAMPLING FORMULA; SPECIES-AREA CURVES; RAIN-FOREST TREE; TROPICAL FORESTS; HABITAT SPECIALIZATION; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; FINITE POPULATION; STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION AB To resolve a panselectionist paradox, the population geneticist Kimura invented a neutral theory, where each gene is equally likely to enter the next generation whatever its allelic type. To learn what could be explained without invoking Darwinian adaptive divergence, Hubbell devised a similar neutral theory for forest ecology, assuming each tree is equally likely to reproduce whatever its species. In both theories, some predictions worked; neither theory proved universally true. Simple assumptions allow neutral theorists to treat many subjects still immune to more realistic theory. Ecologists exploit far fewer of these possibilities than population geneticists, focussing instead on species abundance distributions, where their predictions work best, but most closely match non-neutral predictions. Neutral theory cannot explain adaptive divergence or ecosystem function, which ecologists must understand. By addressing new topics and predicting changes in time, however, ecological neutral theory can provide probing null hypotheses and stimulate more realistic theory. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Leigh, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948,APO, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM leighl@si.edu NR 169 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 8 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2075 EP 2091 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01410.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 222LK UT WOS:000250298300001 PM 17956380 ER PT J AU Ryan, MJ Bernal, XE Rand, AS AF Ryan, M. J. Bernal, X. E. Rand, A. S. TI Patterns of mating call preferences in tungara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal communication; divergence; mate choice; mating calls; Physalaemus; sexual selection; species recognition; tungara frogs ID FEMALE MATE CHOICE; SEXUAL SELECTION; SPECIES RECOGNITION; POSTZYGOTIC ISOLATION; ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; NEOTROPICAL FROG; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; DROSOPHILA; POPULATIONS AB We examine acoustic mating preferences of a focal population at four different scales of divergence: within the population, between populations in the same genetic group, between populations in different genetic groups and between different species. At all scales there is substantial genetic divergence, variation in mating signals and preferences are influenced by signal variation. There is, however, no support for the hypothesis that mating preferences accumulate predictably with genetic distance. Females preferred the local conspecific call to the foreign conspecific call in about one-third of the experiments, and preferred the local call to all of the heterospecific calls tested. But there was no significant relationship between the variation in the strength of preference and genetic distance either among conspecific populations, or among heterospecific species. Thus, in this study macroevolutionary patterns are not apparent at the microevolutionary scale. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Ryan, MJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mryan@mail.utexas.edu NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2235 EP 2247 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01420.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 222LK UT WOS:000250298300016 PM 17956386 ER PT J AU Campisano, CJ Feibel, CS AF Campisano, Christopher J. Feibel, Craig S. TI Connecting local environmental sequences to global climate patterns: evidence from the hominin-bearing Hadar Formation, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pliocene; hominin evolution; Australopithecus afarensis; depositional environments ID AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; AFRICAN CLIMATE; AR-40/AR-39 AGES; OLDUVAI GORGE; EVOLUTION; PLIOPLEISTOCENE; INSOLATION; HOMO; AFAR; PALEOENVIRONMENTS AB Central to the debate surrounding global climate change and Plio-Pleistocene hominin evolution is the degree to which orbital-scale climate patterns influence low-latitude continental ecosystems and how these influences can be distinguished from regional volcano-tectonic events and local environmental effects. The Pliocene Hadar Formation of Ethiopia preserves a record of hominin paleoenvironments from roughly 3.5 to 2.2 Ma at a temporal resolution relevant to evolutionary change within hominins and other taxa. This study integrates the high-resolution sedimentological and paleontological records at Hadar with climate proxies such as marine core isotope, dust, and sapropel records. Consistent cycling observed both between and within fluvial and lacustrine depositional environments prior to 2.9 Ma at Hadar appears to be predominantly climatic in nature. In contrast a significant change in depositional facies after 2.9 Ma to sequences dominated by conglomerate cut-and-fill cycles indicates a strong tectonic signature related to regional developments in the Main Ethiopian Rift. While specific events seen in marine proxy records may have parallels in the Hadar environmental archive, their overall patterns of high versus low variability may be even more relevant. For example, periods of relatively high-amplitude climate oscillations between 3.15 and 2.95 Ma may be linked to noted size-related morphological changes within the Hadar Australopithecus afarensis lineage and a significant increase in more arid-adapted bovid taxa. Increased aridity in East Africa during this period is also indicated by peaks in eolian dust in the marine core record. Conversely, the dominant lacustrine phase at Hadar ca. 3.3 Ma coincides with the least variable period in several climate proxy records, including marine core foraminifera delta O-18 values and eolian dust concentration. This phase is also coeval with low insolation variability and a very distinct and significant long-term period of low dust percentage in circum-Africa marine cores. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Campisano, Christopher J.; Feibel, Craig S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Campisano, Christopher J.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Feibel, Craig S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Campisano, CJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 131 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM campisano@asu.edu; feibel@rci.rutgers.edu NR 84 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.05.015 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 320DL UT WOS:000257213800006 PM 17923150 ER PT J AU Sikes, NE Ashley, GM AF Sikes, Nancy E. Ashley, Gail M. TI Stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates as indicators of paleoecology in the Plio-Pleistocene (upper Bed I), western margin of the Olduvai Basin, Tanzania SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE paleoclimate; paleosols; Olduvai Gorge; paleolandscape; early hominins ID KENYA RIFT-VALLEY; HOMINID LAND-USE; EAST-AFRICA; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION; OLORGESAILIE FORMATION; PLEISTOCENE PALEOSOLS; UNITED-STATES; GORGE; CLIMATE; HABITAT AB Paleosol carbonates from trenches excavated as part of a landscape-scale project in Bed I of Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, were analyzed for stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. The similar to 60,000-year interval (similar to 1.845-1.785 Ma) above Tuff 113 records evidence for lake and fluvial sequences, volcanic eruptions, eolian and pedogenic processes, and the development of a fluvial plain in the western margin of the basin. Significant temporal variation in the carbonate delta O-18 values records variation of local precipitation and supports the shifts in climatic conditions interpreted from the lithologic record. During this period, carbonate delta C-13 values varied between depositional facies indicating that the paleolandscape supported a local biomass of about 40-60% C-4 plants within a mosaic of grassy woodlands and wooded grasslands. The lithologic and stable isotope record in this small lake basin indicates the area was much wetter, with more woody C-3 plants, during this interval than is the semi-arid area today. The record also reflects the variation in climatic conditions (wet/dry) documented by other global climate proxies for this time. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sikes, Nancy E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sikes, Nancy E.] SWCA Environm Consultants, Sacramento, CA 95834 USA. [Ashley, Gail M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Sikes, NE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM nsikes@swca.com; gmashley@rci.rutgers.edu NR 111 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 574 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.12.008 PG 21 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 320DL UT WOS:000257213800010 PM 17905412 ER PT J AU Hershler, R Davis, CL Kitting, CL Liu, HP AF Hershler, Robert Davis, Cheryl L. Kitting, Christopher L. Liu, Hsiu-Ping TI Discovery of introduced and cryptogenic cochliopid gastropods in the San Francisco Estuary, California SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HYDROBIIDAE; RISSOOIDEA; SPRINGSNAIL; TRYONIA; GENUS; BAY AB We report the first discovery in the San Francisco Estuary ('Estuary') of two cochliopid gastropods, Littoridinops monroensis and Tryonia porrecta. These identifications were based on morphological criteria and supported by analysis of mitochondrial DNA ( cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) sequence data. We also report the first discovery of males in parthenogenetic T. porrecta. The new records represent large range extensions for both of these North American species, which were previously recorded from predominantly brackish habitats along the western Atlantic-Gulf Coast (L. monroensis) and thermal springs in the Great Basin and lower Colorado River region ( T. porrecta). The COI haplotype observed in Estuary specimens of L. monroensis differed from those detected in two western Atlantic populations by only 1-3 bp, suggesting recent divergence which is not consistent with the separation of these two areas by imposing terrestrial barriers since at least the Pliocene. We suggest that L. monroensis was recently introduced to the Estuary by transoceanic shipping, adding to the large exotic biota that has invaded this highly disturbed ecosystem. The COI haplotype observed in Estuary specimens of T. porrecta is closely similar to haplotypes detected in Nevada and Utah populations and highly divergent relative to the single haplotype observed in other California populations. The implications of these findings for the status of T. porrecta in the Estuary are unclear, because the native range of this parthenogen has not been established and its scattered distribution in the West may be attributable to natural dispersal across land ( on birds) and/or anthropogenic spread. Although we suggest treating T. porrecta as cryptogenic in the Estuary, a native status may be suggested by independent (subfossil) evidence that this snail was locally present prior to establishment of the area as a major centre of human population and commerce in the 1850s. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Div Environm Planning & Engn, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Sci Biol, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, PO Box 37012,NHB W-305 MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hershlerr@si.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1093/mollus/eym028 PN 4 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 234XW UT WOS:000251198900003 ER PT J AU Yao, HZ Zhang, R Pojeta, J Sha, JG Wang, E AF Yao, Huazhou Zhang, Renee Pojeta, John, Jr. Sha, Jinggen Wang, Eanxiong TI Late Triassic Megalodontids (bivalvia) from the headwaters of the Yangtze River, Qinghai province, west China SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOSIS AB A bivalve faunule of six species is described from the Upper Triassic Jiapila Formation at the headwaters of the Yangtze River, southern Qinghai, China. The new species, Neomegalodon cornutus and Quemocuomegalodon circularis, are described. The type species of Quemocuomegalodon, Q. orientus, is revised. Quemocuomegalodon orientus Yao, Sha, and Zhang (2003) is now known from abundant, well-preserved specimens that show great variation in shape, size, thickness of shell, and dentition, and the species Q. longitatus, Yao, Sha, and Zhang (2003) is now placed in synonymy with Q. orientus. There are significant morphologic differences between the external appearance of shelled specimens and the internal molds of species of Quemocuomegalodon. This suggests the need for the re-evaluation of many megalodontid species from elsewhere that are known only from internal molds. C1 Minist Land Resources, Yichang Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Yichang 443003, Peoples R China. Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Paleontol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Yao, HZ (reprint author), Minist Land Resources, Yichang Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Yichang 443003, Peoples R China. EM ycyhuazhou@cgs.gov.cn NR 98 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1347 DI 10.1666/05-152.1 PG 21 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 227UV UT WOS:000250684200011 ER PT J AU Van Bael, SA Bichier, P Greenberg, R AF Van Bael, Sunshine A. Bichier, Peter Greenberg, Russell TI Bird predation on insects reduces damage to the foliage of cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao) in western Panama SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; exclosure experiment; insectivory; multi-trophic interactions; Theobroma cacao ID INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; PLANTATIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; HERBIVORES; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; FARMS; PLANT C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Van Bael, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM vanbaels@si.edu NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 24 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 BP 715 EP 719 DI 10.1017/S0266467407004440 PN 6 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236ZJ UT WOS:000251342000011 ER PT J AU Foster, JT Woodworth, BL Eggert, LE Hart, PJ Palmer, D Duffy, DC Fleischer, RC AF Foster, Jeffrey T. Woodworth, Bethany L. Eggert, Lori E. Hart, Patrick J. Palmer, Danielle Duffy, David C. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Genetic structure and evolved malaria resistance in Hawaiian honeycreepers SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; introduced disease; Plasmodium relictum; population structure ID AVIAN MALARIA; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; NATURAL-SELECTION; FOREST BIRDS; AMAKIHI; DISEASES; PATHOGENICITY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; AMPLIFICATION AB Infectious diseases now threaten wildlife populations worldwide but population recovery following local extinction has rarely been observed. In such a case, do resistant individuals recolonize from a central remnant population, or do they spread from small, perhaps overlooked, populations of resistant individuals? Introduced avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) has devastated low-elevation populations of native birds in Hawaii, but at least one species (Hawaii amakihi, Hemignathus virens) that was greatly reduced at elevations below about 1000 m tolerates malaria and has initiated a remarkable and rapid recovery. We assessed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers from amakihi and two other Hawaiian honeycreepers, apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), at nine primary study sites from 2001 to 2003 to determine the source of re-establishing birds. In addition, we obtained sequences from tissue from amakihi museum study skins (1898 and 1948-49) to assess temporal changes in allele distributions. We found that amakihi in lowland areas are, and have historically been, differentiated from birds at high elevations and had unique alleles retained through time; that is, their genetic signature was not a subset of the genetic variation at higher elevations. We suggest that high disease pressure rapidly selected for resistance to malaria at low elevation, leaving small pockets of resistant birds, and this resistance spread outward from the scattered remnant populations. Low-elevation amakihi are currently isolated from higher elevations (> 1000 m) where disease emergence and transmission rates appear to vary seasonally and annually. In contrast to results from amakihi, no genetic differentiation between elevations was found in apapane and iiwi, indicating that slight variation in genetic or life-history attributes can determine disease resistance and population recovery. Determining the conditions that allow for the development of resistance to disease is essential to understanding how species evolve resistance across a landscape of varying disease pressures. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Foster, JT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, POB 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jeff.foster@nau.edu OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 22 BP 4738 EP 4746 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03550.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 232OE UT WOS:000251028200008 PM 17944845 ER PT J AU Crawford, AJ Bermingham, E Polania, C AF Crawford, Andrew J. Bermingham, Eldredge Polania S., Carolina TI The role of tropical dry forest as a long-term barrier to dispersal: a comparative phylogeographical analysis of dry forest tolerant and intolerant frogs SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Central America; dispersal; phylogeography; SOWH test; tropical dry forest; tropical wet forest ID BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; ESTIMATING DIVERGENCE TIMES; FRESH-WATER FISHES; SPECIES GROUP; EVOLUTIONARY TREES; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CENTRAL-AMERICA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS AB We used a comparative phylogeographical approach to investigate the origins of the disjunct wet forest biota of the Golfo Dulce region along the Pacific slope of Costa Rica. This region is isolated by Pacific dry forests north and south and isolated from Caribbean wet forests by mountains. We studied three sympatric lowland frog species in the Craugastor fitzingeri species group that prefer wet forest but differ in their response to dry habitats. In dry forest, C. fitzingeri can survive along streams while C. crassidigitus and C. talamancae are entirely absent. We collected samples from across the ranges of all three species, and obtained mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the COI and cytochrome b genes. We observed significant phylogeographical structure in C. crassidigitus and C. talamancae, but much less in C. fitzingeri, demonstrating that mountain barriers and dry forest habitat have reduced mitochondrial gene flow in the strictly wet-forest species. Additionally, we discovered that the Golfo Dulce and Central Panama populations of C. crassidigitus appear to have diverged in the Pliocene or earlier, suggesting that the dry forest separating these populations is old. Our phylogenetic analysis of 12 of approximately 16 species of the C. fitzingeri species group suggests that the three lowland species are each other's closest relatives. Because of this shared phylogenetic history, we attribute the striking differences in phylogeographical structure to the different ecologies of the frogs. In summary, we find that what appear to be minor differences in the natural history of these three closely related species may profoundly impact the potential for dispersal, range size, and cladogenesis. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencia Nat, Bogota, Colombia. RP Crawford, AJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Labs, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM andrew@dna.ac OI Crawford, Andrew J./0000-0003-3153-6898 NR 102 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 22 BP 4789 EP 4807 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03524.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 232OE UT WOS:000251028200012 PM 17908220 ER PT J AU Rowley, DL Coddington, JA Gates, MW Norrbom, AL Ochoa, RA Vandenberg, NJ Greenstone, MH AF Rowley, Daniel L. Coddington, Jonathan A. Gates, Michael W. Norrbom, Allen L. Ochoa, Ronald A. Vandenberg, Natalia J. Greenstone, Matthew H. TI Vouchering DNA-barcoded specimens: test of a nondestructive extraction protocol for terrestrial arthropods SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Acarina; Arachnida; barcode; cytochrome oxidase I; Insecta; mitochondrial DNA; voucher ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; SPECIES COMPLEX; GENE FLOW; LEPIDOPTERA; PREDATORS; PHYLOGENY AB Morphology- based keys support accurate identification of many taxa. However, identification can be difficult for taxa that are either not well studied, very small, members of cryptic species complexes, or represented by immature stages. For such cases, DNA barcodes may provide diagnostic characters. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists deposit museum vouchers to document the species studied in their research. If DNA barcodes are to be used for identification, then both the DNA and the specimen from which it was extracted should be vouchered. We describe a protocol for the nondestructive extraction of DNA from terrestrial arthropods, using as examples members of the orders Acarina, Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera chosen to represent the ranges in size, overall sclerotization, and delicacy of key morphological characters in the group. We successfully extracted sequenceable DNA from all species after 1-4 h of immersion in extraction buffer. The extracted carcasses, processed and imaged using protocols standard for the taxon, were distinguishable from closely related species, and adequate as morphological vouchers. We provide links from the carcasses and DNA vouchers to image (MorphBank) and sequence (GenBank) databases. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM greenstm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01905.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700003 ER PT J AU Conselice, CJ Bundy, K Trujillo, I Coil, A Eisenhardt, P Ellis, RS Georgakakis, A Huang, J Lotz, J Nandra, K Newman, J Papovich, C Weiner, B Willmer, C AF Conselice, C. J. Bundy, K. Trujillo, I. Coil, A. Eisenhardt, P. Ellis, R. S. Georgakakis, A. Huang, J. Lotz, J. Nandra, K. Newman, J. Papovich, C. Weiner, B. Willmer, C. TI The properties and evolution of a K-band selected sample of massive galaxies at z similar to 0.4-2 in the Palomar/DEEP2 survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : structure ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DEEP-FIELD-NORTH; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; DISTANT RED GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; BILLION YEARS AB We present the results of a study on the properties and evolution of massive ( M-* > 10(11)M circle dot) galaxies at z similar to 0.4 - 2 utilizing Keck spectroscopy, near- infrared Palomar imaging, and Hubble, Chandra and Spitzer data covering fields targeted by the DEEP2 galaxy spectroscopic survey. Our sample is K- band selected and stellar mass limited, based on wide- area near- infrared imaging from the Palomar Observatory Wide- Field Infrared Survey, which covers 1.53 deg(2) to a 5 sigma depth of K-s,K-vega similar to 20.5. Our primary goal is to obtain a broad census of massive galaxies through measuring how their number and mass densities, morphology, as well as their star formation and active galactic nucleus content evolve from z similar to 0.4 - 2. Our major findings include: ( i) statistically the mass and number densities of M-* > 10(11)M circle dot galaxies show little evolution between z = 0 and 1 and from z similar to 0 to 2 for M-* > 10(11.5)M circle dot galaxies. We however find significant evolution within 1 < z < 1.5 for 10(11) M circle dot < M-* < 10(11.5)M circle dot galaxies. ( ii) After examining the structures of our galaxies using Hubble ACS imaging, we find that M-* > 1011M circle dot selected galaxies show a nearly constant elliptical fraction of similar to 70 - 90 per cent at all redshifts. The remaining objects tend to be peculiars possibly undergoing mergers at z > 0.8, while spirals dominate the remainder at lower redshifts. A significant fraction (similar to 25 per cent) of these early- types contain minor structural anomalies. ( iii) We find that only a fraction (similar to 60 per cent) of massive galaxies with M-* > 10(11)M circle dot are on the red sequence at z similar to 1.4, while nearly 100 per cent evolve on to it by z similar to 0.4. ( iv) By utilizing Spitzer MIPS imaging and [ O II] line fluxes we argue that M-* > 1011.5M circle dot galaxies have a steeply declining star formation rate ( SFR) density similar to ( 1 + z) (6). By examining the contribution of star formation to the evolution of the mass function, as well as the merger history through the CAS parameters, we determine that M-* > 10(11)M circle dot galaxies undergo on average 0.9+(0.7)(-0.5) - 0.5 major mergers at 0.4 < z < 1.4. ( v) We find that a high ( 5 per cent) fraction of all M-* > 10(11)M circle dot galaxies are X- ray emitters. Roughly half of these are morphologically distorted ellipticals or peculiars. Finally, we compare our mass growth with semi- analytical models from the Millennium Simulation, finding relative good agreement at z < 2 for the M-* < 10(11.5)M circle dot systems, but that the number and mass densities of M* > 10(11.5)M circle dot galaxies are underpredicted by a factor of > 100. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Conselice, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM conselice@nottingham.ac.uk RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; OI Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638 NR 120 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 381 IS 3 BP 962 EP 986 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12316.x PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 223IH UT WOS:000250363000006 ER PT J AU Kohri, K Ohsuga, K Narayan, R AF Kohri, Kazunori Ohsuga, Ken Narayan, Ramesh TI Multidimensional treatment of photon emission from accretion discs around black holes SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; radiative transfer ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; OBSERVATIONAL APPEARANCE; 2 DIMENSIONS; DISKS; FLOWS; MODELS; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSITIONS; CONVECTION AB We consider photon emission from a supercritical accretion disc in which photons in the inner regions are trapped and advected in towards the centre. Such discs are believed to be present in failed supernovae and gamma-ray bursts, and possibly also in ultraluminous X-ray sources. We show that the luminosity from a supercritical accretion disc is proportional to the logarithm of the mass accretion rate when the vertical profile of the matter density is exponential. We obtain analytical results also for other density profiles, but the dependence of the luminosity on the accretion rate is no longer logarithmic. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. RP Kohri, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM k.kohri@lancaster.ac.uk OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 381 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1274 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12319.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 223IH UT WOS:000250363000031 ER PT J AU Volkov, I Banavar, JR Hubbell, SP Maritan, A AF Volkov, Igor Banavar, Jayanth R. Hubbell, Stephen P. Maritan, Amos TI Patterns of relative species abundance in rainforests and coral reefs SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL BIODIVERSITY THEORY; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; POPULATION; DIVERSITY AB A formidable many-body problem in ecology is to understand the complex of factors controlling patterns of relative species abundance (RSA) in communities of interacting species. Unlike many problems in physics, the nature of the interactions in ecological communities is not completely known. Although most contemporary theories in ecology start with the basic premise that species interact, here we show that a theory in which all interspecific interactions are turned off leads to analytical results that are in agreement with RSA data from tropical forests and coral reefs. The assumption of non-interacting species leads to a sampling theory for the RSA that yields a simple approximation at large scales to the exact theory. Our results show that one can make significant theoretical progress in ecology by assuming that the effective interactions among species are weak in the stationary states in species-rich communities such as tropical forests and coral reefs. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, CNISM, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Banavar, JR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM banavar@psu.edu; maritan@pd.infn.it NR 29 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7166 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1038/nature06197 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 226JR UT WOS:000250585800033 PM 17972874 ER PT J AU Clowe, D Randall, SW Markevitch, M AF Clowe, D. Randall, S. W. Markevitch, M. TI Catching a bullet: direct evidence for the existence of dark matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th UCLA Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe CY FEB 22-24, 2006 CL Marina del Rey, CA SP UCLA ID CLUSTER AB We present X-ray and weak lensing observations of the merging cluster system 1E0657-556. Due to the recently collision of a merging subcluster with the main cluster, the X-ray plasma has been displaced from the cluster galaxies in both components. The weak lensing data shows that the lensing surface potential is in spatial agreement with the galaxies (similar to 10% of the observed baryons) and not with the X-ray plasma (similar to 90% of the observed baryons). We argue that this shows that regardless of the form of the gravitational force law at these large distances and low accelerations, these observations require that the majority of the mass of the system be some form of unseen matter. C1 [Clowe, D.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Randall, S. W.; Markevitch, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Clowe, D (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 251B Clippinger Lab, Athens, OH 45701 USA. OI Randall, Scott/0000-0002-3984-4337 NR 7 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 173 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.08.150 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 250JN UT WOS:000252296100007 ER PT J AU Lopez, OR Kursar, TA AF Lopez, Omar R. Kursar, Thomas A. TI Interannual variation in rainfall, drought stress and seedling mortality may mediate monodominance in tropical flooded forests SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE low diversity; seasonality; seed size; swamps; topographical relief ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; AMAZONIAN FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS; NEOTROPICAL TREE; TUPELO SWAMP; TERRA-FIRME; TOLERANCE; DIVERSITY AB Flood tolerance is commonly regarded as the main factor explaining low diversity and monodominance in tropical swamps. In this study we examined seedling mortality in relation to seasonality, i.e., flooding versus drought, of the dominant tree species (Prioria copaifera), and three associated species (Pterocarpus officinalis, Carapa guianensis and Pentaclethra macroloba), in seasonally flooded forests (SFF) in Darien, Panama. Seedling mortality differed among species, years and seasons. Prioria seedlings experienced the lowest overall mortality, and after 3 years many more Prioria seedlings remained alive than those of any of the associated species. In general, within species, larger seedlings had greater survival. Seed size, which can vary by close to 2 orders of magnitude in Prioria, had a confounding effect with that of topography. Large-seeded Prioria seedlings experienced 1.5 times greater mortality than small-seeded seedlings, as large-seeded Prioria seedlings were more likely to be located in depressions. This finding suggests that seed size, plant size and topography are important in understanding SFF regeneration. For all species, seedling mortality was consistently greater during the dry season than during flooding. For Prioria, dry season seedling mortality was correlated with drought stress, that is, high mortality during the long El Ni (n) over tildeo dry season of 1998 and the normal dry season of 2000, but very low dry season mortality during the mild dry season of 1999. Prioria's ability to dominate in seasonally flooded forest of Central America is partly explained by its low drought-related mortality in comparison to associated species. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lopez, OR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM prioria@yahoo.com NR 57 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2007 VL 154 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0821-0 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220EQ UT WOS:000250140100004 PM 17690914 ER PT J AU Bush, AM Kowalewski, M Hoffmeister, AP Bambach, RK Daley, GM AF Bush, Andrew M. Kowalewski, Michal Hoffmeister, Alan P. Bambach, Richard K. Daley, Gwen M. TI Potential paleoecologic biases from size-filtering of fossils: Strategies for sieving SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC MARINE COMMUNITIES; ALPHA-DIVERSITY; MESH SIZE; SAMPLING-STANDARDIZATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; LARVAL; RECORD AB The methods by which fossils are extracted from sediments can alter their observed size-frequency distributions, which can in turn alter observed paleoecologic patterns. Building on previous work, this study uses virtual sieving (i.e., replicated via subsampling on a computer) to test the effects of size filtering on the apparent ecologic composition of a database of Miocene mollusks in which the size of every specimen was measured. When simulated mesh sizes varied by nearly an order of magnitude (2-10 mm), the apparent relative abundances of tiering, motility, and feeding categories varied substantially in some individual bulk samples. Not surprisingly, the extent to which variations in mesh size affected the ecologic proportions of a sample depended in part on its size-frequency distribution. If the goal is to characterize the ecology of adult assemblages, the chosen mesh size should not be so small that juveniles dominate the results or so large that a majority of specimens are excluded. For many molluscan assemblages, 2-4 mm should often be appropriate. For preexisting data sets composed of heterogeneously collected data, there is a positive result: averaging samples together to produce a mean view of ecologic composition tends to remove the more egregious effects of the size-filtering bias. Thus, comparisons of the ecologic composition of single samples may be sensitive to mesh-size effects, but comparisons of regional or global faunas are likely more robust, and variations in size filtering may not be an obstacle to large-scale, secular comparisons of ecospace use. Measuring ecologic importance using biomass instead of abundance also reduced the effects of the mesh-size bias by reducing the influence of small-bodied individuals on ecologic proportions. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Earth Sci, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Winthrop Univ, Dept Chem Phys & Geol, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. RP Bush, AM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Unit 3043, 75 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM andrew.bush@uconn.edu RI Kowalewski, Michal/B-4263-2008 OI Kowalewski, Michal/0000-0002-8575-4711 NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.2110/palo.2006.p06-002r PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 227DS UT WOS:000250638000004 ER PT J AU Dutton, A Huber, BT Lohmann, KC Zinsmeister, WJ AF Dutton, Andrea Huber, Brian T. Lohmann, Kyger C. Zinsmeister, William J. TI High-resolution stable isotope profiles of a dimitobelid belemnite: Implications for paleodepth habitat and late maastrichtian climate seasonality SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID LATE CRETACEOUS SEASONALITY; SOUTHERN HIGH-LATITUDES; POLE THERMAL-GRADIENTS; OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT; JAMES-ROSS-ISLAND; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CHANGES; RUDIST BIVALVES; PALEOTEMPERATURES; ANTARCTICA AB Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios were measured on belemnites, planktonic foraminifera, and benthic foraminifera collected from Late Cretaceous sediments on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, to compare the relative depth habitats of these organisms and to provide insight on temperature seasonality at high southern latitudes near the end of the Cretaceous. Average delta O-18 and delta C-13 values of the belemnite Dimitobelus seymouriensis overlap with those of benthic foraminifera; these values are significantly different (p < 0.01) from isotopic compositions recorded by planktonic foraminifera. This comparison shows that A seymouriensis likely inhabited waters below the surface summer mixed layer of the outer shelf. These results suggest that average delta O-18 of D. seymouriensis is a good indicator of intermediate-to-deep-shelf water conditions, which in this locality is a good approximation for pelagic water temperatures in the Southern Ocean. Measurements of delta O-18 on high-resolution samples across belemnite growth bands indicate that annual temperature variability of sub-mixed-layer neritic water along the Antarctic coastline was 5 degrees C on average with a mean annual temperature of 6 degrees C. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dutton, A (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, 1 Mills Rd, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM Andrea.Dutton@anu.edu.au RI Dutton, Andrea/A-2506-2008 OI Dutton, Andrea/0000-0002-3836-119X NR 68 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 642 EP 650 DI 10.2110/palo.2005.p05-064r PG 9 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 227DS UT WOS:000250638000007 ER PT J AU Retallack, GJ Kirby, MX AF Retallack, Gregory J. Kirby, Michael Xavier TI Middle miocene global change and paleogeography of Panama SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID EOCENE-OLIGOCENE BOUNDARY; NEOTROPICAL PALEOBOTANY; MAGHRABI FORMATION; CENTRAL OREGON; BARITE; CLIMATE; PALEOSOLS; SOILS; LAND; COMMUNITIES AB Fossil leaves in the middle Miocene Cucaracha Formation along the Panama Canal are 10-15 cm long, thick, and entire-margined; fossil pollen is also dicot dominated, as expected for wet tropical forests. Fossil woods include palms and ring-porous dicots, with smooth bark as is found in weakly seasonal tropical climates. In contrast, late Hemingfordian to early Barstovian mammals of the Cucaracha Formation are the same as those found in Nebraska, Kansas, and Florida, where climate was drier and cooler and vegetation more open. Cucaracha paleosols reconcile these differences as evidence of a mosaic of swamps to mangal (mangrove forests) preserving plants and dry uplands preserving mammals. A dozen pedotypes represent as many vegetation types, including mangrove, fresh-water and marine-influenced swamp, early successional riparian woodland, colonizing forest, dry tropical forest, and woodland. Many paleosols have calcareous nodules, and some have pedogenic barite nodules. Depth to carbonate and paleosol thickness with carbonate indicate mean annual precipitation of 573-916 +/- 147 mm and mean annual range of precipitation of 27-65 +/- 22 mm. Chemical analyses of paleosol Bt horizons confirm mean annual precipitation of 296-1142 mm and mean annual temperature of 15-16 +/- 4.4 degrees C. Low precipitation and temperature estimates imply a rain shadow from a high (1400-4000 in) volcanic mountain range to the west, with continuous land connection to allow immigration of mammals from North America. Partial enclosure of the Caribbean Sea by a mountainous Panama peninsula, as well as by Antillean arcs, initiated high Caribbean marine temperature and salinity well before Pliocene isthmian closure. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Panama. RP Retallack, GJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM gregr@uoregoti.edu NR 95 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 667 EP 679 DI 10.2110/palo.2006.p06-130r PG 13 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 227DS UT WOS:000250638000009 ER PT J AU Monteiro, RV Dietz, JM Raboy, B Beck, B De Vleeschouwer, K Baker, A Martins, A Jansen, AM AF Monteiro, Rafael V. Dietz, James M. Raboy, Becky Beck, Benjamin De Vleeschouwer, Kristel Baker, Andrew Martins, Andreia Jansen, Ana Maria TI Parasite community interactions: Trypanosoma cruzi and intestinal helminths infecting wild golden lion tamarins Leontopithecus rosalia and golden-headed lion tamarins L-chrysomelas (Callitrichidae, L., 1766) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIO-DE-JANEIRO; CHAGAS-DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RAIN-FOREST; GONADAL-HORMONES; FRENCH-GUIANA; PALM TREES; Y STRAIN; SEX; CONSERVATION AB The parasite prevalence and infection intensity in primate wild populations can be affected by many variables linked to host and/or parasite ecology or either to interparasite competition/mutualism. In this study, we tested how host sex, age, and place of origin, as well parasitic concomitant infections affect the structure of golden lion and golden-headed lion tamarins parasite community, considering Trypanosoma cruzi and intestinal helminths infection in these primates. A total of 206 tamarins from two Atlantic Coastal rain forest areas in Brazil were tested during 4 years for prevalence of T. cruzi infection and helminth prevalence. Three intestinal helminth groups showed high prevalences in both tamarin species: Prosthenorchis sp., Spiruridae, and Trichostrongylidae. An association between presence of T. cruzi infection and higher intestinal helminth prevalence was found in both tamarin species. Two explanations for this association seem to be plausible: (1) lower helminth-linked mortality rates in T. cruzi-infected tamarins and (2) lower elimination rates of helminths in such tamarins. A higher frequency of T. cruzi-positive blood cultures was significantly correlated to female tamarins and to the presence of Trichostrongylidae infection. The possibility of an increase in the transmissibility of T. cruzi and the three analyzed helminths in lion tamarins with concomitant infections is discussed. C1 Pavilhao Carlos Chagas, Lab Biol Tripanosomatideos, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Great Ape Trust Iowa, Des Moines, IA 50320 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Species Conservat Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Associacao Mico Leao Dourado, BR-28960970 Casimiro Abreu, RJ, Brazil. Philadelphia Zool Gardens, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Biol Tripanosomatideos, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Antwerp, Ctr Res & Conservat, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Monteiro, RV (reprint author), Pavilhao Carlos Chagas, Lab Biol Tripanosomatideos, 3 Andar,Ave Brasil 4365, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM rafael.monteiro@infolink.com.br RI Monteiro, Rafael/A-2357-2010 NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1689 EP 1699 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0652-2 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 217AG UT WOS:000249919900033 PM 17676342 ER PT J AU Forrey, RC Dalgarno, A Vanne, YV Saenz, A Froelich, P AF Forrey, Robert C. Dalgarno, Alex Vanne, Yulian V. Saenz, Alejandro Froelich, Piotr TI Nonadiabatic coupling in cold collisions of spin-polarized metastable hydrogen atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATES; OXYGEN AB Previous calculations of low-temperature cross sections for collisions between spin-polarized metastable hydrogen atoms are improved to include nonadiabatic radial and angular coupling at large interatomic separations. The electrostatic dipole-quadrupole interaction produces nonadiabatic radial coupling between (2s,2p) and (2p,2p) states, while the Coriolis interaction produces nonadiabatic angular coupling. Both of these long-range contributions are handled in a space-fixed atomic gauge that is particularly convenient for a spin-polarized system. The improved theoretical results are compared with an existing experiment. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Reading, PA 19610 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, AG Moderne Opt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Uppsala Univ, Dept Quantum Chem, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Forrey, RC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Berks Campus, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RI Vanne, Yulian/A-2361-2010 OI Vanne, Yulian/0000-0002-4623-2283 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 052709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.052709 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 236TN UT WOS:000251326400085 ER PT J AU Kotochigova, S Kirby, KP Tupitsyn, I AF Kotochigova, S. Kirby, K. P. Tupitsyn, I. TI Ab initio fully relativistic calculations of x-ray spectra of highly charged ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS; WAVELENGTHS; HYDROGEN; IRON AB We have developed and applied an ab initio fully relativistic method for precise calculations of outer-shell transitions in highly charged ions. This method is based on the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock-Sturm theory in combination with Brillouin-Wigner many-body perturbation theory. We demonstrate the capability of the method through calculations of the 3s, 3d -> 2p transitions in Fe XIX. The basis set, constructed out of Dirac-Fock and Sturm one-electron wave functions, allows calculations with an accuracy of less than a few 10(-3) A for the wavelengths and better than 1% for the oscillator strengths. Some of the transitions given here have not been observed or calculated previously. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Kotochigova, S (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RI Tupitsyn, Ilya/J-6611-2013 OI Tupitsyn, Ilya/0000-0001-9237-5667 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 052513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.052513 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 236TN UT WOS:000251326400072 ER PT J AU Baltay, C Rabinowitz, D Andrews, P Bauer, A Ellman, N Emmet, W Hudson, R Hurteau, T Jerke, J Lauer, R Silge, J Szymkowiak, A Adams, B Gebhard, M Musser, J Doyle, M Petrie, H Smith, R Thicksten, R Geary, J AF Baltay, C. Rabinowitz, D. Andrews, P. Bauer, A. Ellman, N. Emmet, W. Hudson, R. Hurteau, T. Jerke, J. Lauer, R. Silge, J. Szymkowiak, A. Adams, B. Gebhard, M. Musser, J. Doyle, M. Petrie, H. Smith, R. Thicksten, R. Geary, J. TI The QUEST large area CCD camera SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; TELESCOPE AB We have designed, constructed, and put into operation a very large area CCD camera that covers the field of view of the 1.2 m Samuel Oschin Schmidt Telescope at the Palomar Observatory. The camera consists of 112 CCDs arranged in a mosaic of four rows with 28 CCDs each. The CCDs are pixel Sarnoff 600 x 2400 thinned, back-illuminated devices with 13 mu m x 13 mu m pixels. The camera covers an area of 4.6 degrees x 3.6 degrees on the sky with an active area of 9.6 deg(2). This camera has been installed at the prime focus of the telescope and commissioned, and scientific-quality observations on the Palomar-QUEST Variability Sky Survey were started in 2003 September. The design considerations, construction features, and performance parameters of this camera are described in this paper. C1 [Baltay, C.; Rabinowitz, D.; Andrews, P.; Bauer, A.; Ellman, N.; Emmet, W.; Hudson, R.; Hurteau, T.; Jerke, J.; Lauer, R.; Silge, J.; Szymkowiak, A.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Adams, B.; Gebhard, M.; Musser, J.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Doyle, M.; Petrie, H.; Smith, R.; Thicksten, R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Geary, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Baltay, C (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. OI Jerke, Jonathan/0000-0002-2449-4848; Silge, Julia/0000-0002-3671-836X NR 20 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 119 IS 861 BP 1278 EP 1294 DI 10.1086/523899 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 242PB UT WOS:000251736600006 ER PT J AU Hazari, Z Tai, RH Sadler, PM AF Hazari, Zahra Tai, Robert H. Sadler, Philip M. TI Gender differences in introductory university physics performance: The influence of high school physics preparation and affective factors SO SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE-EDUCATION; COLLEGE PHYSICS; SINGLE-SEX; STUDENTS; ACHIEVEMENT; GIRLS; CHEMISTRY; DEMONSTRATIONS; PARTICIPATION; LABORATORIES AB The attrition of females studying physics after high school is a growing concern to the science education community. Most undergraduate science programs require introductory physics coursework. Thus, success in introductory physics is usually necessary for students to progress to higher levels of science study. Success also influences attitudes; if females are well prepared, feel confident, and do well in introductory physics, they may be inclined to study physics further. This quantitative study using a hierarchical linear model focused on determining factors from high school physics preparation (content, pedagogy, and assessment) and the affective domain that predicted female and male performance in introductory university physics. The data analyzed came from 1973 introductory university physics surveys that included variables used as controls for student demographic and academic background characteristics. The results highlight high school physics and affective experiences that differentially predicted female and male performance. These experiences include learning requirements, long-written problems, cumulative tests/quizzes, father's encouragement, and family's belief that science leads to a better career. There were also factors that had a similar effect on female and male performance among which mathematics preparation was the overall strongest predictor of university physics performance. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Hazari, Z (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM zhazari@cfa.harvard.edu NR 84 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0036-8326 J9 SCI EDUC JI Sci. Educ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 847 EP 876 DI 10.1002/sce.20223 PG 30 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 221PV UT WOS:000250240700001 ER PT J AU Dillon, MO Tu, T Soejima, A Yi, T Nie, Z Tye, A Wen, J AF Dillon, Michael O. Tu, Tieyao Soejima, Akiko Yi, Tingshuang Nie, Zelong Tye, Alan Wen, Jun TI Phylogeny of Nolana (Nolaneae, Solanoideae, Solanaceae) as inferred from granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) sequences SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE GBSSI; Nolana; phylogeny; solanaceae; waxy ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; ATACAMA DESERT; NORTHERN CHILE; INFERENCE; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; TOMATOES; GENE AB The phylogenetic relationships of Nolana (Nolaneae, Solanaceae) were constructed using partial sequences (ca. 891 bp) of the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) or the waxy gene. Nolana, with 89 species, is primarily distributed in coastal Chile (49 spp.) and Peru (43 spp.), and of these, four species are recorded in Peru and Chile, and another from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Our phylogenetic analysis, utilizing a sampling of 63 of the 89 species, supports the monophyly of Nolana and recovered three clades with 95%-100% bootstrap support. Nolana sessiliflora is the sister taxon to the remainder of the genus. Two large, highly supported clades are evident; one containing taxa from Chile, Peru and the Galapagos Islands, and another containing taxa from Chile and Peru. Nolana galapagensis, an endemic to the Galapagos Islands, is suggested to be sister to N. arenicola in a clade that also includes N. adansonii from southern Peru and northern Chile. These two species differ substantially in habitat preference, habit, leaf shape, and mericarp morphology. The monophyly is confirmed for a morphologically cohesive group composed of N. acuminata, N. baccata, N. elegans, N. reichei, N. parviflora, N. pterocarpa, and N. paradoxa, a clade of essentially Chilean species. C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sch Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. Charles Darwin Res Stn, Dept Bot, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador. MRC 166 Smithsonian Institut, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dillon, MO (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM dillon@fieldmuseum.org NR 51 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 2007 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1000 EP 1011 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 238YL UT WOS:000251484400004 ER PT J AU Wen, J Loc, PK Hiep, NT Regalado, J Averyanov, LV Lee, C AF Wen, Jun Loc, Phan Ke Hiep, Nguyen Tien Regalado, Jacinto, Jr. Averyanov, Leonid V. Lee, Chunghee TI An unusual new species of Trevesia from Vietnam and its implications on generic delimitation in Araliaceae SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Araliaceae; Brassaiopsis; generic delimitation; Trevesia; Trevesia vietnamensis; Vietnam ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; BRASSAIOPSIS ARALIACEAE; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; SEQUENCES; GENUS AB Trevesia vietnamensis J. Wen & P.K. Loc (Araliaceae) is described as an unusual new species from northwestern Vietnam. This species has 4-5-merous flowers with a 4-5-locular ovary and palmately compound leaves and would thus fit well within Brassaiopsis morphologically. Phylogenetic analysis using the nuclear ribosomal ITS and the chloroplast ndhF and trnL-F sequences, however, clearly places the new taxon in Trevesia, defined to include species with 6-16-merous flowers with 6-16-locular ovaries, and palmately lobed simple leaves. The discovery of Trevesia vietnamensis thus blurs the generic boundary between Trevesia and Brassaiopsis. The phylogenetic analysis suggests a sister-species relationship between Trevesia vietnamensis and T lateospina from northern Thailand, a finding supported by a shared morphological character-the presence of setose hairs on the inflorescences and young stems. Trevesia vietnamensis is restricted to two localities in northwestern Vietnam. It grows in limestone areas in valleys and on shady mountain slopes at 500-700 m in primary, tropical, monsoon, broad-leaved forests. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 10093, Peoples R China. VAST, Inst Ecol & Biol Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Herbarium, VL Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Korean Natl Arboretum, Dept Plant Conservat, Pocheon Si 487821, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu RI Averyanov, Leonid/I-1227-2013 OI Averyanov, Leonid/0000-0001-8031-2925 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 2007 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1261 EP 1268 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 238YL UT WOS:000251484400022 ER PT J AU Moreira, N Brown, JL Moraes, W Swanson, WF Monteiro, ELA AF Moreira, Nei Brown, J. L. Moraes, W. Swanson, W. F. Monteiro-Filho, E. L. A. TI Effect of housing and environmental enrichment on adrenocortical activity, Behavior and reproductive Cyclicity in the female tigrina (Leopardus tigrinus) and margay (Leopardus wiedii) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecal steroids; estrogens; progestagens; corticoids; noninvasive monitoring; stress; reproduction; ovarian activity; behavior ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; NONDOMESTIC FELIDS; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; DOMESTIC CAT; ZOO ANIMALS; CORTISOL; STRESS; WELFARE; PIGS; METABOLISM AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different captive housing conditions on reproductive cyclicity and adrenocortical activity in adult females of two small-sized felid species, the tigrina (Leopardus tigrinus; n = 3) and margay (Leopardus wiedii; n = 2). Females were housed as singletons and subjected to three enclosure conditions over successive time periods: Phase I-large, enriched enclosures for 3 months; Phase II-small, empty enclosures for 5.5 months; Phase Ill-the same small enclosures enriched with branches and nest boxes for 6.5 months. Fecal samples were collected five times weekly throughout the study for analysis of progestagen, estrogen, and corticoid metabolites. On the basis of observed behaviors, stereotypic pacing was more frequent before feeding for all cats, regardless of enclosure conditions. Both species displayed a bimodal activity pattern, with peaks occurring at nightfall and dawn. All animals exhibited agitated behavior, characterized by a high frequency and duration of stereotypic pacing, primarily during the first 3 days after moving to the small empty enclosures. On the basis of hormonal analyses, ovarian follicular activity decreased and corticoid concentrations increased in tigrinas after transfer to the small barren cages compared to the patterns observed in the initial large, enriched enclosures. Corticoid concentrations in tigrinas then declined after small cage enrichment. Margay females exhibited increased corticoid excretion during Phases 11 and 111, but in contrast to tigrinas, concentrations remained high even after cage enrichment. It was further showed that enriching the small enclosures was insufficient to reestablish normal ovarian activity within the time frame of the study for both species. In summary, margay and tigrina females exhibited distinct elevations in corticoid concentrations after transfer from large enriched enclosures to smaller barren cages that corresponded with agitated behavior, especially immediately after transfer. Fecal corticoid concentrations were reduced after cage enrichment in tigrinas, but not in margays. Although only a few individuals were evaluated, data suggest there may be species differences in response to captive environmental conditions. Overall results emphasize the importance of enclosure dimensions and enrichment when designing species appropriate environments for improving the health and reproductive fitness of threatened species. Zool Biol 26:441-460, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Moreira, Nei] Univ Fed Parana, BR-8595000 Palotina, PR, Brazil. [Brown, J. L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VI USA. [Moraes, W.] Itaipu Binac, Foz Iguassu, Parana, Brazil. [Swanson, W. F.] Cincinnati Zoo & Bot Garden, Ctr Conservat & Res Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Monteiro-Filho, E. L. A.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Moreira, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Campus Palotina,Rua Pioneiro 2153, BR-8595000 Palotina, PR, Brazil. EM neimoreira@ufpr.br RI Moreira, Nei/C-6399-2013; Monteiro-Filho, Emygdio/C-7165-2013 OI Moreira, Nei/0000-0002-9236-667X; NR 66 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 67 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 441 EP 460 DI 10.1002/zoo.20139 PG 20 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 243PC UT WOS:000251808800002 PM 19360593 ER PT J AU Dahms, HU Chullasorn, S Kangtia, P Ferrari, FD Hwang, JS AF Dahms, Hans U. Chullasorn, Supawadee Kangtia, Pawana Ferrari, Frank D. Hwang, Jiang-Shiou TI Naupliar development of Tigriopus japonicus Mori, 1932 (Copepoda : Harpacticidae) SO ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE naupliar development; larval stages; identification key; evolution ID CRUSTACEAN NAUPLII; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNICUS; PREDATION; BIOFILMS AB Six naupliar stages of Tigriopus japonicus Mori, 1932 are described from the rocky coast off Keelung, northeastern Taiwan. A key for the identification of stages is provided. Naupliar morphology within the Harpacticidae differs among species and even more at the supraspecific level. The present study on nauplii of Tigriopus japonicus confirms the observation that representatives of the Tachidiidae and Harpacticidae (Copepoda-Harpacticoida) show a peculiar reduction of the oral structures from N V to N VI. The nauplii of the Harpacticidae are creeping larvae, and many are not able to swim; however, nauplii of T. japonicus are an exception to this rule. C1 [Dahms, Hans U.; Hwang, Jiang-Shiou] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 202, Taiwan. [Chullasorn, Supawadee; Kangtia, Pawana] Ramkhamhang Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. [Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 534, IZ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hwang, JS (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 202, Taiwan. EM Jshwang@mail.ntou.edu.tw NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACAD SINICA INST ZOOLOGY PI TAIPEI PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1021-5506 J9 ZOOL STUD JI Zool. Stud. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 746 EP 759 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 243CK UT WOS:000251772300010 ER PT J AU Cartwright, P Halgedahl, SL Hendricks, JR Jarrard, RD Marques, AC Collins, AG Lieberman, BS AF Cartwright, Paulyn Halgedahl, Susan L. Hendricks, Jonathan R. Jarrard, Richard D. Marques, Antonio C. Collins, Allen G. Lieberman, Bruce S. TI Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Cnidarians represent an early diverging animal group and thus insight into their origin and diversification is key to understanding metazoan evolution. Further, cnidarian jellyfish comprise an important component of modern marine planktonic ecosystems. Here we report on exceptionally preserved cnidarian jellyfish fossils from the Middle Cambrian (similar to 505 million years old) Marjum Formation of Utah. These are the first described Cambrian jellyfish fossils to display exquisite preservation of soft part anatomy including detailed features of structures interpreted as trailing tentacles and subumbrellar and exumbrellar surfaces. If the interpretation of these preserved characters is correct, their presence is diagnostic of modern jellyfish taxa. These new discoveries may provide insight into the scope of cnidarian diversity shortly after the Cambrian radiation, and would reinforce the notion that important taxonomic components of the modern planktonic realm were in place by the Cambrian period. C1 [Hendricks, Jonathan R.; Lieberman, Bruce S.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Hendricks, Jonathan R.; Lieberman, Bruce S.] Univ Kansas, Div Invertebrate Paleontol, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Halgedahl, Susan L.; Jarrard, Richard D.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Collins, Allen G.] Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, NOAA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Lieberman, BS (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM blieber@ku.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541 FU NSF [AToL EF-0531779, EAR-0518976]; FAPESP; CNPq FX Funding: This work was supported by grants from NSF AToL EF-0531779 (to PC and AGC), NSF EAR-0518976 (to BSL) and FAPESP and CNPq (Brazil, to ACM). NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 10 AR e1121 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001121 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V11YE UT WOS:000207566100001 PM 17971881 ER PT J AU Anker, A Hurt, C Knowlton, N AF Anker, Arthur Hurt, Carla Knowlton, Nancy TI Three transisthmian snapping shrimps (Crustacea : decapoda : alpheidae : Alpheus) associated with innkeeper worms (Echiura : Thalassematidae) in Panama SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Alpheus; Alpheidae; snapping shrimp; Echiura; new species; infaunal; symbiosis; western Atlantic; eastern Pacific; transisthmian taxa; cryptic species; barcode; COI ID GENUS ALPHEUS; MITOCHONDRIAL; DIVERGENCE; PACIFIC; CARIDEA; ISTHMUS; DNA AB The present study deals with three species of Alpheus, including two new species, living symbiotically in burrows of innkeeper worms ( Echiura: Thalassematidae) on the tropical coasts of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Alpheus christofferseni n. sp. is described on the basis of four specimens from Atol das Rocas, northwestern Brazil, and one specimen from Bocas del Toro, Caribbean coast of Panama. All specimens of this species were collected with suction pumps from burrows on intertidal or shallow subtidal sandflats; the Panamanian specimen was collected together with its echiuran host, Ochetostoma cf. edax ( Fisher, 1946). Alpheus naos n. sp. is described on the basis of a single specimen found together with its host, Listriolobus sp., under large intertidal mud-covered rocks of Punta Culebra, Isla Naos, Pacific coast of Panama. Finally, two specimens of Alpheus aequus Kim & Abele, 1988 were collected together with their hosts, Ochetostoma edax, in the mixed rock-sand-mud intertidal of Coiba, Pacific coast of Panama. Remarkably, these three species are nearly identical in morphology and are also similar in color patterns. However, despite their morphological and ecological similarities, they are among the most genetically distinct of transisthmian alpheid geminate taxa examined to date. Genetic analyses suggest that A. aequus and A. naos n. sp. form an eastern Pacific clade whose sister taxon is the slightly more distantly related western Atlantic A. christofferseni n. sp. Estimated divergence times are similar to 10 mya for the two eastern Pacific species, and similar to 11-12 mya for the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific clades. Within Alpheus, A. christofferseni n. sp., A. aequus and A. naos n. sp. belong to the pantropical A. barbatus Coutiere, 1897 species complex ( A. barbatus clade), which also includes the eastern Atlantic A. ribeiroae Anker & Dworschak, 2004 and the Indo-West Pacific A. barbatus. The association of all three American species with thalassematid echiurans, as well as previous reports of associations between A. barbatus and echiurans in the western Pacific, suggest that this symbiosis is relatively ancient, having evolved in the ancestor of the A. barbatus clade ( at least 12 mya and probably earlier). C1 Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu RI Hurt, Carla/A-3284-2011 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 31 PY 2007 IS 1626 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 226PS UT WOS:000250601600001 ER PT J AU Buzas, MA Hayek, LAC Culver, SJ AF Buzas, Martin A. Hayek, Lee-Ann C. Culver, Stephen J. TI Community structure of benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraminifera; Gulf of Mexico; community structure; SHE analysis; biodiversity; BDG ID SPECIES-ABUNDANCE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; DISTRIBUTIONS; PROVINCES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; HYPOXIA; MARSH AB The classic papers of Phleger [Phleger, F.B, 1951. Foraminifera Distribution, Part I. Geological Society of America Memoir 46, 1-88.] and Parker [Parker, F.L., 1954. Distribtuion of the furaminifera in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 111, 453-588, 13 plates.] form the benchmark foraminiferal data sets for the northwestern and northeastern Gulf of Mexico, respectively. These pioneer researchers occupied stations from shelf to abyssal depths. SHE analysis, a method examining the distribution of cumulative sample values of species richness (S), the information function (R) and evenness (E) with increasing number of individuals (N), was used to establish 18 foraminiferal communities and evaluate their community structure. Regression analyses, as well as plots of lnS, H and lnE versus lnN (Biodiversitygrams, BDGs), indicate that the majority of the communities exhibit a log series pattern. Theoretical log series values of S, H and E are similar to the regression estimates from observed values in the northeastern Gulf In the northwestern Gulf, however, observed values of species richness are lower and evenness higher than those expected for a log series, indicating a dramatic difference in community structure between east and west. Since the sampling time of Phleger, subsequent workers have found higher values of species richness and lower values of evenness in the northwestern Gulf. Either biodiversity values have changed since Phleger's 1947 (1951) sampling suggesting a fundamental change in the environmental regime of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico or, as has been suggested, Phleger's data are incorrect due to some sampling methodology. A comprehensive study with suitable experimental design including downcore samples will be required to resolve this dichotomy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Buzas, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM buzasm@si.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD OCT 29 PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.05.006 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 227LO UT WOS:000250658400004 ER PT J AU Novikova, I Phillips, DF Walsworth, RL AF Novikova, Irina Phillips, David F. Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Slow light with integrated gain and large pulse delay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROTATION; VAPOR AB We demonstrate slow and stored light in Rb vapor with a combination of desirable features: minimal loss and distortion of the pulse shape, and large fractional delay (> 10). This behavior is enabled by (i) a group index that can be controllably varied during light pulse propagation, and (ii) controllable gain integrated into the medium to compensate for pulse loss. Any medium with the above two characteristics should be able to realize similarly high- performance slow light. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Novikova, I (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Novikova, Irina/B-9041-2008 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 17 AR 173604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.173604 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 225GV UT WOS:000250506000031 PM 17995332 ER PT J AU Kawaguchi, K Fujimori, R Aimi, S Takano, S Okabayashi, EY Gupta, H Brunken, S Gottlieb, CA Mccarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF Kawaguchi, Kentarou Fujimori, Ryuji Aimi, Sayaka Takano, Shuro Okabayashi, Emi Y. Gupta, Harshal Bruenken, Sandra Gottlieb, Carl A. Mccarthy, Michael C. Thaddeus, Patrick TI Observation of C8H- toward IRC+10216 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Letter DE ISM : molecules; molecular processes; radio lines : stars; stars : circumstellar matter; stars : individual (IRC+10216) ID ION C6H; ENVELOPE; C4H AB Five rotational lines of the C8H- ion were observed in the circumstellar envelope of IRC +10216 with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. An improved value of the column density of the C8H radical yielded a [C8H-]/[C8H] ratio of 37% - nearly 4 times larger than the [C6H-]/IC6H] ratio (8.6%) and nearly 1500 times the [C4H-]/[C4H] ratio (0.024%), which may indicate more efficient formation of longer carbon chain anions. The excitation temperature of C8H- (16 +/- 2K) derived here is somewhat lower than that of the two smaller anions C6H- (32 K) and C4H- (23 K) in IRC + 10216. C1 Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, Nagano 3841305, Japan. Shizuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kawaguchi, K (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 7008530, Japan. EM okakent@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010; Kawaguchi, Kentarou/B-1758-2011 OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828; Kawaguchi, Kentarou/0000-0003-1067-1839 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT 25 PY 2007 VL 59 IS 5 BP L47 EP L50 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.5.L47 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 233GF UT WOS:000251077700002 ER PT J AU Guimaraes, PR Rico-Gray, V Oliveira, PS Izzo, TJ dos Reis, SF Thompson, JN AF Guimaraes, Paulo R., Jr. Rico-Gray, Victor Oliveira, Paulo S. Izzo, Thiago J. dos Reis, Sergio F. Thompson, John N. TI Interaction intimacy affects structure and coevolutionary dynamics in mutualistic networks SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; SPECIALIZATION; NESTEDNESS; COMPARTMENTS; CONSTRAINTS; ASYMMETRIES; COMMUNITY; FOREST; FRUITS; BRAZIL AB The structure of mutualistic networks provides clues to processes shaping biodiversity [1-10]. Among them, interaction intimacy, the degree of biological association between partners, leads to differences in specialization patterns [4, 11) and might affect network organization [12]. Here, we investigated potential consequences of interaction intimacy for the structure and coevolution of mutualistic networks. From observed processes of selection on mutualistic interactions, it is expected that symbiotic interactions (high-interaction intimacy) will form species-poor networks characterized by compartmentalization [12,13], whereas nonsymbiotic interactions (low intimacy) will lead to species-rich, nested networks in which there is a core of generalists and specialists often interact with generalists [3, 5, 7,12,14]. We demonstrated an association between interaction intimacy and structure in 19 ant-plant mutualistic networks. Through numerical simulations, we found that network structure of different forms of mutualism affects evolutionary change in distinct ways. Change in one species affects primarily one mutualistic partner in symbiotic interactions but might affect multiple partners in nonsymbiotic interactions. We hypothesize that coevolution in symbiotic interactions is characterized by frequent reciprocal changes between few partners, but coevolution in nonsymbiotic networks might show rare bursts of changes in which many species respond to evolutionary changes in a single species. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. CSIC, Estac Biol Donana, Integrat Ecol Grp, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Aplicada, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Parasitol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Amazonia 478, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Guimaraes, PR (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, 6165, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM prguima@ifi.unicamp.br RI Guimaraes, Paulo/B-1099-2008; Izzo, Thiago/K-7405-2012; Oliveira, Paulo/E-1910-2013; Guimaraes, Paulo/E-1915-2016; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Guimaraes-Junior, Paulo/M-1298-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Izzo, Thiago/0000-0002-4613-3787; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; NR 34 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 52 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 20 BP 1797 EP 1803 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.059 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 224SJ UT WOS:000250466400029 PM 17949981 ER PT J AU Suarez-Morales, E AF Suarez-Morales, Eduardo TI The mesopelagic copepod Gaussia princeps (Scott) (Calanoida : Metridinidae) from the Western Caribbean with notes on integumental pore patterns SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE zooplankton; Mexico; marine diversity; integumental pores ID SIGNATURES AB The mesopelagic calanoid copepod Gaussia princeps ( Scott, 1894) was originally described from the eastern Atlantic. It has been recorded in tropical and subtropical latitudes of the world, but has been reported only occasionally from the northwestern tropical Atlantic ( NWTA). Comparative morphological studies, particularly of males, have not included specimens from the NWTA. Based on a collection of zooplankton from the Caribbean Sea, an adult male of G. princeps is illustrated in detail and its morphology compared with other sources in order to explore intra- and interoceanic differences within the species. The proportions and structure of the Caribbean specimens agree with the description of specimens from the eastern Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, except in details of the ornamentation of some appendages. Additional intra- and interspecific differences were found in the number of integumental pores on the male antennules, swimming legs 1 - 4, and fifth legs. Integumental pores are consistently fewer in the Caribbean male than in the IndoPacific and eastern Atlantic counterparts, but G. princeps remains as the species of the genus with the largest number of pores on the swimming legs, a potential species- defining character within the genus. The Caribbean record, at 25 - 50 m deep, is the shallowest occurrence known for this mesopelagic form in the NWTA and represents the first finding of the genus and species in the western Caribbean and in Mexican waters. C1 ECOSUR, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Suarez-Morales, E (reprint author), ECOSUR, Chetumal AP 424, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM esuarez@ecosur-qroo.mx NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 23 PY 2007 IS 1621 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 222VE UT WOS:000250324700003 ER PT J AU Topf, AL Gilbert, MTP Fleischer, RC Hoelzel, AR AF Toepf, A. L. Gilbert, M. T. P. Fleischer, R. C. Hoelzel, A. R. TI Ancient human mtDNA genotypes from England reveal lost variation over the last millennium SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ancient DNA; human; mtDNA; genetic diversity ID HUMAN-POPULATIONS; DNA; LINEAGES AB We analysed the historical genetic diversity of human populations in Europe at the mtDNA control region for 48 ancient Britons who lived between ca AD 300 and 1000, and compared these with 6320 modern mtDNA genotypes from England and across Europe and the Middle East. We found that the historical sample shows greater genetic diversity than for modern England and other modern populations, indicating the loss of diversity over the last millennium. The pattern of haplotypic diversity was clearly European in the ancient sample, representing each of the modern haplogroups. There was also increased representation of one of the ancient haplotypes in modern populations. We consider these results in the context of possible selection or stochastic processes. C1 Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Oxford, Ancient Biomol Ctr, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ancient DNA & Evolu, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Smithsonian Inst, NMNH Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Hoelzel, AR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM a.r.hoelzel@durham.ac.uk RI Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013 OI Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOLOGY LETT JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2007 VL 3 IS 5 BP 550 EP 553 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0269 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 209XR UT WOS:000249421800028 PM 17666375 ER PT J AU Stark, DP Loeb, A Ellis, RS AF Stark, Daniel P. Loeb, Abraham Ellis, Richard S. TI An empirically calibrated model for interpreting the evolution of galaxies during the reionization era SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift ID LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; ORIGINS DEEP SURVEY; I'-DROP GALAXIES; COSMIC REIONIZATION; EMITTING GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; FORMING GALAXIES AB We develop a simple star formation model whose goal is to interpret the emerging body of observational data of star- forming galaxies at z greater than or similar to 6. The efficiency and duty cycle of the star formation activity within dark matter halos are determined by fitting the luminosity functions of Ly alpha emitter and Lyman break galaxies at redshifts z similar or equal to 5-6. Our error budget takes proper account of the uncertainty arising from both the spatial clustering of galaxies and the Poisson contribution. We find that the abundance of luminous Lyman break galaxies in the 500 Myr between z similar or equal to 6 and 10 can be naturally explained by the hierarchical assembly of dark matter halos; there is only marginal evidence for strong physical evolution. In contrast, the first estimates of the abundance of less luminous star- forming galaxies at z = 9-10 are higher than predicted and, if verified by further data, may suggest a top- heavy stellar mass function at these early epochs. Although these abundances remain uncertain because of the difficulty of spectroscopic confirmation and cosmic variance, even a modest improvement in survey capability with present or upcoming facilities should yield great progress. In this context, we use our model to consider those observational techniques that hold the most promise and make predictions for specific surveys that are, or will soon be, underway. We conclude that narrowband Ly alpha emitter surveys should be efficient for searches at z similar or equal to 7-8; however, such conventional surveys are unlikely to detect sufficient galaxies at z similar or equal to 10 to provide useful constraints. For this reason, gravitational lensing offers the best prospect for probing the z similar or equal to 10 universe prior to JWST. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITC, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Stark, DP (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dps@astro.caltech.edu NR 62 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1086/520947 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KF UT WOS:000250082800001 ER PT J AU Maughan, BJ AF Maughan, B. J. TI The L-x-Y-x relation: Using galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity as a robust, low-scatter mass proxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE RELATION; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; SCALING RELATIONS; CHANDRA SAMPLE; GAS FRACTION; DARK ENERGY; T RELATION; EVOLUTION AB We use a sample of 115 galaxy clusters at 0.1 < z < 1.3 observed with Chandra ACIS-I to investigate the relation between luminosity and Y-X (the product of gas mass and temperature). The scatter in the relation is dominated by cluster cores, and a tight L-X-Y-X relation (11% intrinsic scatter in L-X) is recovered if sufficiently large core regions (0.15R(500)) are excluded. The intrinsic scatter is well described by a lognormal distribution, and the relations are consistent for relaxed and disturbed/merging clusters. We investigate the L-X-Y-X relation in low-quality data (e. g., for clusters detected in X-ray survey data) by estimating L-X from soft-band count rates, and find that the scatter increases somewhat to 21%. We confirm the tight correlation between Y-X and mass and the self-similar evolution of that scaling relation out to z = 0.6 for a subset of clusters in our sample with mass estimates from the literature. This is used to estimate masses for the entire sample and hence measure the L-X-M relation. We find that the scatter in the L-X-M relation is much lower than previous estimates, due to the full removal of cluster cores and more robust mass estimates. For high-redshift clusters the scatter in the L-X-M relation remains low if cluster cores are not excluded. These results suggest that cluster masses can be reliably estimated from simple luminosity measurements in low-quality data where direct mass estimates, or measurements of Y-X, are not possible. This has important applications in the estimation of cosmological parameters from X-ray cluster surveys. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Maughan, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. NR 42 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1086/520831 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KF UT WOS:000250082800012 ER PT J AU Burgdorf, M Ashby, MLN Williams, R AF Burgdorf, M. Ashby, M. L. N. Williams, R. TI Mid-infrared photometry of dust in the thick disk of NGC 891 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : galaxies; galaxies : individual (NGC 891) ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ON SPIRAL GALAXIES; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; INFRARED-EMISSION; NGC 891; HALO; CLUSTER; STARS; LIGHT; MODEL AB In this paper we report on the detection of mid-infrared radiation extending to 5 kpc from the midplane of the nearby, edge-on galaxy NGC 891. The observations cover the range from 2 to 20 kpc above the galaxy midplane on both sides of the disk. The detection is made with the 16 and 22 mu m peak-up imaging modes of the Infrared Spectrograph aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The measured surface brightness profiles at these two wavelengths are the same, within the uncertainties of about 30%. The surface brightness at 22 mu m decreases exponentially with distance from the galaxy with a scale height of 1.3 +/- 0.3 kpc. The size of the inferred thick disk is therefore in agreement with findings at visible wavelengths. The 16 mu m: 22 mu m brightness ratio is consistent with the mid-infrared spectral energy distribution of asymptotic giant branch stars, whose density was recently found to follow a similar spatial distribution. Diffuse interstellar dust, however, emits most of the observed mid-infrared radiation. C1 Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Wirral Grammar Sch, Wirral CH63 3AQ, Merseyside, England. RP Burgdorf, M (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. EM mjb@astro.livjm.ac.uk; mashby@cfa.harvard.edu; richpwill@ntlworld.com NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP 918 EP 923 DI 10.1086/521329 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KF UT WOS:000250082800024 ER PT J AU Besla, G Kallivayalil, N Hernquist, L Robertson, B Cox, TJ van der Marel, RP Alcock, C AF Besla, Gurtina Kallivayalil, Nitya Hernquist, Lars Robertson, Brant Cox, T. J. van der Marel, Roeland P. Alcock, Charles TI Are the Magellanic clouds on their first passage about the Milky Way? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : structure; Magellanic Clouds ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM; SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; PROPER MOTION; LOCAL GROUP; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AB Recent proper-motion measurements of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds ( LMC and SMC, respectively) by Kallivayalil and coworkers suggest that the 3D velocities of the Clouds are substantially higher (similar to 100 km s(-1)) than previously estimated and now approach the escape velocity of the Milky Way ( MW). Previous studies have also assumed that theMilkyWay can be adequately modeled as an isothermal sphere to large distances. Here we reexamine the orbital history of the Clouds using the new velocities and a Lambda CDM-motivated MW model with virial mass M-vir = 1012 M-circle dot ( e. g., Klypin and coworkers). We conclude that the LMC and SMC are either currently on their first passage about the MW or, if the MW can be accurately modeled by an isothermal sphere to distances greater than or similar to 200 kpc ( i.e., M-vir > 2 x 10(12) M-circle dot), that their orbital period and apogalacticon distance must be a factor of 2 larger than previously estimated, increasing to 3 Gyr and 200 kpc, respectively. A first passage scenario is consistent with the fact that the LMC and SMC appear to be outliers when compared to other satellite galaxies of the MW: they are irregular in appearance and are moving faster. We discuss the implications of this orbital analysis for our understanding of the star formation history, the nature of the warp in the MW disk and the origin of the Magellanic Stream ( MS), a band of H I gas trailing the LMC and SMC that extends similar to 100 degrees across the sky. Specifically, as a consequence of the new orbital history of the Clouds, the origin of the MS may not be explainable by current tidal and ram pressure stripping models. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Spitzer Fellow, Baltimore, MD USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Besla, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 107 TC 204 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP 949 EP 967 DI 10.1086/521385 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KF UT WOS:000250082800027 ER PT J AU Reeves, KK Warren, HP Forbes, TG AF Reeves, Katharine K. Warren, Harry P. Forbes, Terry G. TI Theoretical predictions of X-ray and extreme-UV flare emissions using a loss-of-equilibrium model of solar eruptions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; TRANSITION REGION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; CORONAL EXPLORER; RECONNECTION; YOHKOH; SPECTROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY AB In this paper, we present numerical simulations of solar flares that couple a loss-of-equilibrium solar eruption model with a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model. In these calculations, the eruption is initiated by footpoint motions that disrupt the balance of forces acting on a flux rope. After the eruption begins, a current sheet forms and an arcade of flare loops is created by reconnecting magnetic fields. Thermal energy input into the flare loops is found by assuming the complete thermalization of the Poynting flux swept into the current sheet. This thermal energy is input into a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code for each loop formed in the multithreaded flare arcade. We find that a density enhancement occurs at the loop top when the two evaporating plasma fronts in each leg of the loop collide there. Simulated flare images show that these loop-top density enhancements produce "bars'' of bright emission similar to those observed in the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) 195 8 bandpass and loop-top "knots'' of bright emission seen in flare observations by the Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. We also simulate flare spectra from the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) on Yohkoh. We find that during the early stages of flare initiation, there are significant blueshifts in the Ca XIX line, but the intensities are too faint to be observed with BCS. In general, the results of this model simulate observed flare emissions quite well, indicating that the reconnection model of solar flares is energetically consistent with observations. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Reeves, KK (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Gardern St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP 1210 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/521291 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KF UT WOS:000250082800051 ER PT J AU Mamajek, EE Meyer, MR AF Mamajek, Eric E. Meyer, Michael R. TI An improbable solution to the underluminosity of 2M1207B: A hot protoplanet collision afterglow SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (2MASSW J1207334-393254); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION; TW-HYDRAE ASSOCIATION; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; YOUNG BROWN DWARF; GIANT PLANETS; 2MASSW J1207334-393254; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; ATMOSPHERES; DISCOVERY; GRAVITY AB We introduce an alternative hypothesis to explain the very low luminosity of the cool ( L- type) companion to the similar to 25 M-Jup, similar to 8 Myr old brown dwarf 2M1207A. Recently, Mohanty et al. found that effective temperature estimates for 2M1207B (1600 +/- 100 K) are grossly inconsistent with its lying on the same isochrone as the primary, being a factor of similar to 10 underluminous at all bands between I ( 0.8 mu m) and L' (3.6 mu m). Mohanty et al. explain this discrepancy by suggesting that 2M1207B is an 8 M-Jup object surrounded by an edge- on disk comprised of large dust grains producing 2.5 mag of achromatic extinction. We offer an alternative explanation: the apparent flux reflects the actual source luminosity. Given the temperature, we infer a small radius (similar to 49,000 km), and for a range of plausible densities, we estimate a mass 10M(circle dot); ref. 4), which is consistent with the fact that the most massive stellar black holes known so far(2,3) all have masses within one standard deviation of 10M(circle dot). Here we report a mass of (15.65 +/- 1.45) M-circle dot for the black hole in the recently discovered system M 33 X-7, which is located in the nearby galaxy Messier 33 (M 33) and is the only known black hole that is in an eclipsing binary(5). To produce such a massive black hole, the progenitor star must have retained much of its outer envelope until after helium fusion in the core was completed(4). On the other hand, in order for the black hole to be in its present 3.45-day orbit about its (70.0 +/- 6.9) M-circle dot companion, there must have been a 'common envelope' phase of evolution in which a significant amount of mass was lost from the system(6). We find that the common envelope phase could not have occurred in M 33 X-7 unless the amount of mass lost from the progenitor during its evolution was an order of magnitude less than what is usually assumed in evolutionary models of massive stars(7-9). C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Orosz, JA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM orosz@sciences.sdsu.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166; Macri, Lucas/0000-0002-1775-4859 NR 25 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 18 PY 2007 VL 449 IS 7164 BP 872 EP 875 DI 10.1038/nature06218 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 221LY UT WOS:000250230600039 PM 17943124 ER PT J AU Cairns, SD AF Cairns, Stephen D. TI Studies on western Atlantic octocorallia (Gorgonacea : Primnoidae). Part 8: New records of Primnoidae from the New England and corner rise seamounts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID COELENTERATA; ANTHOZOA; GRAY AB New records of nine primnoid species are reported from the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts at depths of 1315-3855 m, making a total of 10 primnoid species known from this region. One new genus, Paranarella, and three new species are described: P. watlingi, Calyptrophora clinata, and Parastenella atlantica, the latter being the first record of Parastenella from the Atlantic. Calyptrophora pillsburyae is synonymized with C microdentata, and the first subsequent report of Con vexella.jungerseni is noted. The fauna is hypothesized to have colonized the seamounts from the northward flowing Gulf Stream, the southerly flowing Deep Western Boundary Current, and/or via insular steeping stones from the east. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cairns, SD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM cairnss@si.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 243 EP 263 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 222KG UT WOS:000250294400001 ER PT J AU Morales-Nunez, AG Kornicker, LS AF Morales-Nunez, Andres G. Kornicker, Louis S. TI A new species of the genus Diasterope Kornicker, 1975 (Crustacea : Ostracoda : Cylindroleberididae) from Culebra Island, Puerto Rico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The present work is the first published report of a benthic member of the Myodocopida off Puerto Rico. The collection contained a single specimen of an interesting new species, Diasterope puertoricensis (family Cylindroleberididae), which is described herein. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, San Juan, PR 00680 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez Campus, San Juan, PR 00680 USA. EM amorales@cima.uprm.edu; kornickl@si.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[271:ANSOTG]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 222KG UT WOS:000250294400003 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Brumfield, RT AF Chesser, R. Terry Brumfield, Robb T. TI Tarphonomus, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves : Passeriformes : Furnariidae) from South America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Tarphonomus, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae) from South America, is described. Species included in the new genus, formerly placed in Upucerthia, are T. certhioides and T. harterti. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Louisiana State Univ, LSU, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM terry.chesser@usgs.gov; brumfld@lsu.edu OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 337 EP 339 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 222KG UT WOS:000250294400009 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from western Colombia and western Ecuador (Mammalia : Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID THOMAS AB The twelve recognized species of nectar-feeding bats of the genus Lonchophylla occur in low- and middle-elevation, humid, Neotropical forests. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of specimens formerly lumped with Lonchophylla mordax O. Thomas (1903) support recognition of Lonchophylla concava Goldman (1914) as a separate species and reveal a third species from the western Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador that I describe herein as Lonchophylla fornicata. This new species is morphologically similar to Lonchophylla concava but is distinctively larger than that species. Tests for sexual dimorphism within these and other species of Lonchophyllini suggest a tendency for females to have slightly longer, narrower skulls, higher coronoid processes of the mandible, and longer forearms than males. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 340 EP 358 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[340:ANSONB]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 222KG UT WOS:000250294400010 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Skvarla, JJ AF Robinson, Harold Skvarla, John J. TI Studies on the gymnantheminae (Asteraceae : Vernonieae). II: A new genus, Decaneuropis, from China, India, Southeast Asia, and Malaysia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID POLLEN; COMPOSITAE AB The genus Decaneuropsis of the Asteraceae, Vernonieae, subtribe Gymnantheminae, is named as new, with the transfer of 12 species from southeast Asia and Malaysia. Combinations are provided for the type species, Vernonia cumingiana, and I I other known members of the genus, V andamanica, V. andersonii, V blanda, V chingiana, V craibiana, V eberhardtii, V. garrettiana, V. gratiosa, V. obovata, V. philippinensis, and V. vagans. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM robinsoh@si.edu; jskvarla@ou.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[359:SOTGAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 222KG UT WOS:000250294400011 ER PT J AU Harris, RC Rudd, JWM Amyot, M Babiarz, CL Beaty, KG Blanchfield, PJ Bodaly, RA Branfireun, BA Gilmour, CC Graydon, JA Heyes, A Hintelmann, H Hurley, JP Kelly, CA Krabbenhoft, DP Lindberg, SE Mason, RP Paterson, MJ Podemski, CL Robinson, A Sandilands, KA Southworth, GR Louis, VLS Tate, MT AF Harris, Reed C. Rudd, John W. M. Amyot, Marc Babiarz, Christopher L. Beaty, Ken G. Blanchfield, Paul J. Bodaly, R. A. Branfireun, Brian A. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Graydon, Jennifer A. Heyes, Andrew Hintelmann, Holger Hurley, James P. Kelly, Carol A. Krabbenhoft, David P. Lindberg, Steve E. Mason, Robert P. Paterson, Michael J. Podemski, Cheryl L. Robinson, Art Sandilands, Ken A. Southworth, George R. Louis, Vincent L. St. Tate, Michael T. TI Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; mercury methylation; stable isotopes; whole-ecosystem experimentation; methylmercury ID CANADIAN SHIELD LAKES; METHYL MERCURY; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; METHYLMERCURY; INCREASES; ACCUMULATION; RESERVOIR; ISOTOPES; FLUXES AB Methylmercury contamination of fisheries from centuries of industrial atmospheric emissions negatively impacts humans and wildlife worldwide. The response of fish methylmercury concentrations to changes in mercury deposition has-been difficult to establish because sediments/soils contain large pools of historical contamination, and many factors in addition to deposition affect fish mercury. To test directly the response of fish contamination to changing mercury deposition, we conducted a whole-ecosystem experiment, increasing the mercury load to a lake and its watershed by the addition of enriched stable mercury isotopes. The isotopes allowed us to distinguish between experimentally applied mercury and mercury already present in the ecosystem and to examine biclaccumulation of mercury deposited to different parts of the watershed. Fish methylmercury concentrations responded rapidly to changes in mercury deposition over the first 3 years of study. Essentially all of the increase in fish methylmercury concentrations came from mercury deposited directly to the lake surface. In contrast, < 1% of the mercury isotope deposited to the watershed was exported to the lake. Steady state was not reached within 3 years. Lake mercury isotope concentrations were still rising in lake biota, and watershed mercury isotope exports to the lake were increasing slowly. Therefore, we predict that mercury emissions reductions will yield rapid (years) reductions in fish methylmercury concentrations and will yield concomitant reductions in risk. However, a full response will be delayed by the gradual export of mercury stored in watersheds. The rate of response will vary among lakes depending on the relative surface areas of water and watershed. C1 R&K Res Inc, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada. Tetra Tech Inc, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Tech Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. Penobscot River Mercury Study, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2W5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. RP Rudd, JWM (reprint author), R&K Res Inc, 675 Mt Belcher Hts, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada. EM john_rudd@gulfislandswireless.com RI Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Hurley, James/A-9216-2010; St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; St. Louis, Vincent/A-3757-2014; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X; Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 NR 37 TC 211 Z9 218 U1 20 U2 161 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 42 BP 16586 EP 16591 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704186104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 223MA UT WOS:000250373400037 PM 17901207 ER PT J AU Smith, FA Wing, SL Freeman, KH AF Smith, Francesca A. Wing, Scott L. Freeman, Katherine H. TI Magnitude of the carbon isotope excursion at the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: The role of plant community change SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE n-alkanes; plant lipids; carbon isotopes; hydrogen isotopes; Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum; global warming ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CLAY-MINERAL EVIDENCE; BIGHORN BASIN; N-ALKANES; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHANE HYDRATE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ZEALAND AB Carbon-isotope measurements (delta(13)C) of leaf-wax n-alkanes from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, reveal a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 4-5 parts per thousand, which is 1-2 parts per thousand larger than that observed in marine carbonate delta(13)C records. Reconciling these records requires either that marine carbonates fail to record the full magnitude of the CIE or that the CIE in plants has been amplified relative to the marine. Amplification of the CIE has been proposed to result from an increase in available moisture that allowed terrestrial plants to increase (13)C-discrimination during the PETM. Leaf physiognomy, paleopedology and hydrogen isotope ratios of leaf-wax lipids from the Bighorn Basin, however, all suggest that rather than a simple increase in available moisture, climate alternated between wet and dry during the PETM. Here we consider two other explanations and test them quantitatively with the carbon isotopic record of plant lipids. The "marine modification" hypothesis is that the marine carbonate record was modified by chemical changes at the PETM and that plant lipids record the true magnitude of the CIE. Using atmospheric CO(2) delta(13)C values estimated from the lipid record, and equilibrium fractionation between CO(2) and carbonate, we estimate the expected CIE for planktonic foraminifera to be 6 parts per thousand. Instead, the largest excursion observed is about 4 parts per thousand. No mechanism for altering marine carbonate by 2 parts per thousand has been identified and we thus reject this explanation. The "plant community change" hypothesis is that major changes in floral composition during the PETM amplified the CIE observed in n-alkanes by 1-2 parts per thousand relative to marine carbonate. This effect could have been caused by a rapid transition from a mixed angiosperm/conifer flora to a purely angiosperm flora. The plant community change hypothesis is consistent with both the magnitude and pattern of CIE amplification among the different n-alkanes, and with data from fossil plants. This hypothesis predicts that the magnitude and pattern of amplification of CIEs among different n-alkanes will vary regionally and systematically depending on the extent of the replacement of conifers by angiosperms during the PETM. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Smith, FA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1850 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM cesca@earth.northwestern.edu RI McInerney, Francesca/B-7894-2009; Freeman, Katherine/H-5140-2011; OI McInerney, Francesca/0000-0002-2020-6650; Freeman, Katherine/0000-0002-3350-7671; Wing, Scott/0000-0002-2954-8905 NR 80 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.021 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 227JL UT WOS:000250652900004 ER PT J AU Ruczynski, I Kalko, EKV Siemers, BM AF Ruczynski, Ireneusz Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Siemers, Bjoern M. TI The sensory basis of roost finding in a forest bat, Nyctalus noctula SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE BECHSTEINS BATS; MYOTIS-NATTERERI KUHL; CHALINOLOBUS-TUBERCULATUS; NEW-ZEALAND; ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; PRIMEVAL-FOREST; AERIAL-HAWKING; PREY DETECTION AB Tree cavities are a critical resource for most forestdwelling bats. Yet, it is not known how bats search for new sites and, in particular, find entrances to cavities. Here, we evaluated the importance of different sensory channels for the detection of tree roosts by the noctule bat Nyctalus noctula. Specifically, we tested the role of three nonsocial cues (echo information, visual information and temperature-related cues) and two social sensory cues (conspecific echolocation calls and the presence of bat olfactory cues). We set up an experiment in a flight room that mimicked natural conditions. In the flight room, we trained wild-caught bats kept in captivity for a short while to find the entrance to an artificial tree cavity. We measured the bats' hole-finding performance based on echolocation cues alone and then presented the bat with one of four additional sensory cues. Our data show that conspecific echolocation calls clearly improved the bats' performance in finding tree holes, both from flying (longrange detection) and when they were crawling on the trunk (short range detection). The other cues we presented had no, or only weak, effects on performance, implying that detection of new cavities from a distance is difficult for noctules if no additional social cues, in particular calls from conspecifics, are present. We conclude that sensory constraints strongly limit the effectiveness of finding new cavities and may in turn promote sociality and acoustic information transfer among bats. As acoustic cues clearly increased the bats' detection performance, we suggest that eavesdropping is an important mechanism for reducing the costs of finding suitable roosts. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Mammal Res Inst, PL-17230 Bialowieza, Poland. Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Sensory Ecol Grp, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany. RP Ruczynski, I (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Mammal Res Inst, Waszkiewicza 1, PL-17230 Bialowieza, Poland. EM iruczyns@zbs.bialowieza.pl NR 76 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 32 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 20 BP 3607 EP 3615 DI 10.1242/jeb.009837 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 233RJ UT WOS:000251107700015 PM 17921162 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI The New York Times guide to essential knowledge: A desk reference for the curious mind SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 17 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 225UG UT WOS:000250542900227 ER PT J AU Laha, S Gupta, P Simien, CE Gao, H Castro, J Pohl, T Killian, TC AF Laha, S. Gupta, P. Simien, C. E. Gao, H. Castro, J. Pohl, T. Killian, T. C. TI Experimental realization of an exact solution to the vlasov equations for an expanding plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL PLASMA; EXPANSION; LASER; VACUUM; SOLIDS; BUNCH; ION AB We study the expansion of ultracold neutral plasmas in the regime in which inelastic collisions are negligible. The plasma expands due to the thermal pressure of the electrons, and for an initial spherically symmetric Gaussian density profile, the expansion is self-similar. Measurements of the plasma size and ion kinetic energy using fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy show that the expansion follows an analytic solution of the Vlasov equations for an adiabatically expanding plasma. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Laha, S (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013 NR 33 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 15 AR 155001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.155001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 220EV UT WOS:000250140600032 PM 17995174 ER PT J AU Gaidos, E Haghighipour, N Agol, E Latham, D Raymond, S Rayner, J AF Gaidos, Eric Haghighipour, Nader Agol, Eric Latham, David Raymond, Sean Rayner, John TI New worlds on the horizon: Earth-sized planets close to other stars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NEPTUNE-MASS PLANETS; M-CIRCLE-PLUS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; HABITABLE ZONES; SUPER-EARTHS; MIGRATION; SYSTEM; DISKS; PROTOPLANET; TRANSITS AB The search for habitable planets like Earth around other stars fulfills an ancient imperative to understand our origins and place in the cosmos. The past decade has seen the discovery of hundreds of planets, but nearly all are gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. Recent advances in instrumentation and new missions are extending searches to planets the size of Earth but closer to their host stars. There are several possible ways such planets could form, and future observations will soon test those theories. Many of these planets we discover may be quite unlike Earth in their surface temperature and composition, but their study will nonetheless inform us about the process of planet formation and the frequency of Earth-like planets around other stars. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gaidos, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM gaidos@hawaii.edu RI Agol, Eric/B-8775-2013 OI Agol, Eric/0000-0002-0802-9145 NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5848 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1126/science.1144358 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219LG UT WOS:000250086100027 PM 17932279 ER PT J AU Baines, KH Simon-Miller, AA Orton, GS Weaver, HA Lunsford, A Momary, TW Spencer, J Cheng, AF Reuter, DC Jennings, DE Gladstone, GR Moore, J Stern, SA Young, LA Throop, H Yanamandra-Fisher, P Fisher, BM Hora, J Ressler, ME AF Baines, Kevin H. Simon-Miller, Amy A. Orton, Glenn S. Weaver, Harold A. Lunsford, Allen Momary, Thomas W. Spencer, John Cheng, Andrew F. Reuter, Dennis C. Jennings, Donald E. Gladstone, G. R. Moore, Jeffrey Stern, S. Alan Young, Leslie A. Throop, Henry Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma Fisher, Brendan M. Hora, Joseph Ressler, Michael E. TI Polar lightning and decadal-scale cloud variability on Jupiter SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATIONS; MEAN ZONAL FLOW; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GALILEO IMAGES; ATMOSPHERE; VOYAGER-1; SATURN AB Although lightning has been seen on other planets, including Jupiter, polar lightning has been known only on Earth. Optical observations from the New Horizons spacecraft have identified lightning at high latitudes above Jupiter up to 80 degrees N and 74 degrees S. Lightning rates and optical powers were similar at each pole, and the mean optical flux is comparable to that at nonpolar latitudes, which is consistent with the notion that internal heat is the main driver of convection. Both near-infrared and ground-based 5-micrometer thermal imagery reveal that cloud cover has thinned substantially since the 2000 Cassini flyby, particularly in the turbulent wake of the Great Red Spot and in the southern half of the equatorial region, demonstrating that vertical dynamical processes are time-varying on seasonal scales at mid-and low latitudes on Jupiter. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Baines, KH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Jennings, Donald/D-7978-2012; Simon, Amy/C-8020-2012; Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016; OI Simon, Amy/0000-0003-4641-6186; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5848 BP 226 EP 229 DI 10.1126/science.1147912 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219LG UT WOS:000250086100033 PM 17932285 ER PT J AU McQuinn, M Hernquist, L Zaldarriaga, M Dutta, S AF McQuinn, Matthew Hernquist, Lars Zaldarriaga, Matias Dutta, Suvendra TI Studying reionization with Ly alpha emitters SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology : theory; diffuse radiation; large-scale structure of Universe ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; GUNN-PETERSON TROUGH; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; COSMIC REIONIZATION; EMISSION-LINES; STAR-FORMATION; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; PATCHY REIONIZATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB We show that observations of high-redshift Ly alpha emitters ( LAEs) have the potential to provide definitive evidence for reionization in the near future. Using 200-Mpc radiative transfer simulations, we calculate the effect that patchy reionization has on the line profile, on the luminosity function, and, most interestingly, on the clustering of emitters for several realistic models of reionization. Reionization increases the measured clustering of emitters, and we show that this enhancement would be essentially impossible to attribute to anything other than reionization. Our results motivate looking for the signature of reionization in existing LAE data. We find that for stellar reionization scenarios the angular correlation function of the 58 LAEs in the Subaru Deep Field z = 6.6 photometric sample is more consistent with a fully ionized universe ( mean volume ionized fraction (x) over bar (i) approximate to 1) than a universe with (x) over bar (i) < 0.5 at > 2 sigma confidence level. Measurements in the next year on Subaru will increase their z = 6.6 LAE sample by a factor of 5 and tighten these limits. If the clustering signature of reionization is detected in an LAE survey, a comparison with a Lyman-break or an H alpha survey in the same field would confirm the reionization hypothesis. We discuss the optimal LAE survey specifications for detecting reionization, with reference to upcoming programmes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McQuinn, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmcquinn@cfa.harvard.edu NR 83 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2007 VL 381 IS 1 BP 75 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12085.x PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218CP UT WOS:000249993900030 ER PT J AU Cornelisse, R Steeghs, D Casares, J Charles, PA Shih, IC Hynes, RI O'Brien, K AF Cornelisse, R. Steeghs, D. Casares, J. Charles, P. A. Shih, I. C. Hynes, R. I. O'Brien, K. TI A signature of the donor star in the extra-galactic X-ray binary LMC X-2 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; stars : individual : LMCX-2; X-rays : binaries ID BLACK-HOLE; LMC X-2; ACCRETION DISKS; LIGHT-CURVE; MASS; SUPERHUMPS; SPECTROSCOPY; QUIESCENCE; EMISSION AB Two nights of phase-resolved medium-resolution Very Large Telescope spectroscopy of the extra-galactic low-mass X-ray binary LMCX-2 have revealed a 0.32 +/- 0.02 d spectroscopic period in the radial velocity curve of the He II lambda 4686 emission line that we interpret as the orbital period. However, similar to previous findings, this radial velocity curve shows a longer term variation that is most likely due to the presence of a precessing accretion disc in LMCX-2. This is strengthened by He II lambda 4686 Doppler maps that show a bright spot that is moving from night to night. Furthermore, we detect narrow emission lines in the Bowen region of LMCX-2, with a velocity of K-em = 351 +/- 28 km s(-1), that we tentatively interpret as coming from the irradiated side of the donor star. Since K-em must be smaller than K-2, this leads to the first upper limit on the mass function of LMCX-2 of f(M-1) >= 0.86 M-circle dot (95 per cent confidence), and the first constraints on its system parameters. C1 Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Cornelisse, R (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, Via Lactea, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. EM corneli@iac.es RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2007 VL 381 IS 1 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12233.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218CP UT WOS:000249993900040 ER PT J AU Nagai, D Kravtsov, AV Vikhlinin, A AF Nagai, Daisuke Kravtsov, Andrey V. Vikhlinin, Alexey TI Effects of galaxy formation on thermodynamics of the intracluster medium SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; methods : numerical ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; MASS-TEMPERATURE RELATION; DARK-MATTER; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; SCALING PROPERTIES; T RELATION; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; BARYON FRACTIONS; NEARBY CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION AB We present detailed comparisons of the intracluster medium (ICM) in cosmological Eulerian cluster simulations with deep Chandra observations of nearby relaxed clusters. To assess the impact of galaxy formation, we compare two sets of simulations, one performed in the nonradiative regime and another with radiative cooling and several physical processes critical to various aspects of galaxy formation: star formation, metal enrichment, and stellar feedback. We show that the observed ICM properties outside cluster cores are well reproduced in the simulations that include cooling and star formation, while the nonradiative simulations predict an overall shape of the ICM profiles inconsistent with observations. In particular, we find that the ICM entropy in our runs with cooling is enhanced to the observed levels at radii as large as half of the virial radius. We also find that outside cluster cores entropy scaling with the mean ICM temperature in both simulations and Chandra observations is consistent with being self-similar within current error bars. We find that the pressure profiles of simulated clusters are also close to self-similar and exhibit little cluster-to-cluster scatter. We provide analytic fitting formulae for the pressure profiles of the simulated and observed clusters. The X-ray observable mass relations for our simulated sample agree with the Chandra measurements to approximate to 10%-20% in normalization. We show that this systematic difference could be caused by the subsonic gas motions, unaccounted for in X-ray hydrostatic mass estimates. The much improved agreement of simulations and observations in the ICM profiles and scaling relations is encouraging, and the existence of tight relations of X-ray observables, such as Y-X, and total cluster mass and the simple redshift evolution of these relations hold promise for the use of clusters as cosmological probes. However, the disagreement between the predicted and observed fractions of cluster baryons in stars remains a major puzzle. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Nagai, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 130-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM daisuke@caltech.edu NR 95 TC 300 Z9 300 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1086/521328 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JA UT WOS:000250010600001 ER PT J AU Peter, AHG Shapley, AE Law, DR Steidel, CC Erb, DK Reddy, NA Pettini, M AF Peter, Annika H. G. Shapley, Alice E. Law, David R. Steidel, Charles C. Erb, Dawn K. Reddy, Naveen A. Pettini, Max TI Morphologies of galaxies in and around a protocluster at z=2.300 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : structure ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; DISTANT RED GALAXIES; TADPOLE ADVANCED CAMERA; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; COLOR-DENSITY RELATION; STELLAR POPULATIONS; MASSIVE GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION AB We present results from the first robust investigation of galaxy morphology as a function of environment at z > 1.5. Our study is motivated by the fact that star-forming galaxies contained within a protocluster at z = 2.3 in the HS 1700+ 64 field have significantly older ages and larger stellar masses on average than those at similar redshifts but more typical environmental densities. In the analysis of HSTACS images, we apply nonparametric statistics to characterize the rest-frame UV morphologies of a sample of 85 UV-selected star-forming galaxies at z = 1.7-2.9, 22 of which are contained in the protocluster. The remaining 63 control sample galaxies are not in the protocluster but have a similar mean redshift of (z) over bar similar to 2.3. We find no environmental dependence for the distributions of morphological properties. Combining the measured morphologies with the results of population synthesis modeling, we find only weak correlations, if any, between morphological and stellar population properties such as stellar mass, age, extinction, and star formation rate. Given the incomplete census of the protocluster galaxy population, and the lack of correlation between rest-frame UV morphology and star formation history at z similar to 2 within our sample, the absence of environmental trends in the distribution of morphological properties is not surprising. In addition, using a larger sample of photometric candidates, we compare morphological distributions for 282 UV-selected and 43 near-IR-selected galaxies. While the difference in the degree of nebulosity between the two samples appears to be a by-product of the fainter average rest-frame UV surface brightness of the near-IR-selected galaxies, we find that, among the lowest surface brightness galaxies, the near-IR-selected objects have significantly smaller angular sizes. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Peter, AHG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Peter, Annika/D-3698-2015; OI Peter, Annika/0000-0002-8040-6785 NR 84 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP 23 EP 44 DI 10.1086/521184 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JA UT WOS:000250010600003 ER PT J AU Papovich, C Rudnick, G Le Floc'h, E van Dokkum, PG Rieke, GH Taylor, EN Armus, L Gawiser, E Huang, JS Marcillac, D Franx, M AF Papovich, Casey Rudnick, Gregory Le Floc'h, Emeric van Dokkum, Pieter G. Rieke, George H. Taylor, Edward N. Armus, Lee Gawiser, Eric Huang, Jiasheng Marcillac, Delphine Franx, Marijn TI Spitzer mid- to far-infrared flux densities of distant galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; infrared : galaxies ID DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; OPTICAL LUMINOSITY DENSITY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS AB We study the infrared (IR) properties of high-redshift galaxies using deep Spitzer 24, 70, and 160 mu m data. Our primary interest is to improve the constraints on the total IR luminosities, L-IR, of these galaxies. We combine the Spitzer data in the southern Extended Chandra Deep Field with a K-s-band-selected galaxy sample and photometric redshifts from the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile. We used a stacking analysis to measure the average 70 and 160 mu m flux densities of 1.5 < z < 2.5 galaxies as a function of 24 mu m flux density, X-ray activity, and rest-frame near-IR color. Galaxies with 1.5 < z < 2.5 and S-24 = 53-250 mu Jy have L-IR derived fromtheir average 24-160 mu m flux densities within factors of 2-3 of those inferred from the 24 mu m flux densities only. However, L-IR derived from the average 24-160 mu m flux densities for galaxies with S-24 > 250 mu Jy and 1.5 < z < 2.5 are lower than those inferred using only the 24 mu m flux density by factors of 2-10. Galaxies with S-24 > 250 mu Jy have S-70/S-24 flux ratios comparable to sources with X-ray detections or red rest-frame IR colors, suggesting that warm dust possibly heated by AGNs may contribute to the high 24 mu m emission. Based on the average 24-160 mu m flux densities, nearly all 24 mu m-selected galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5 have L-IR < 6 x 10(12) L-circle dot, which, if attributed to star formation, corresponds to Psi < 1000 M-circle dot yr(-1). This suggests that high-redshift galaxies may have star formation efficiencies and feedback processes similar to those of local analogs. Objects with L-IR > 6 x 10(12) L-circle dot are quite rare, with a surface density similar to 30 +/- 10 deg(-2), corresponding to similar to 2 +/- 1 x 10(-6) Mpc(-3) over 1.5 < z < 2.5. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. CALTECH, Spitzer Space Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Papovich, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM papovich@as.arizona.edu RI Taylor, Edward/C-6458-2015 OI Taylor, Edward/0000-0002-3958-0343 NR 96 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1086/521090 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JA UT WOS:000250010600004 ER PT J AU Heng, K van Adelsberg, M McCray, R Raymond, JC AF Heng, Kevin van Adelsberg, Matthew McCray, Richard Raymond, John C. TI The transition zone in Balmer-dominated shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; hydrodynamics; shock waves; supernova remnants ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; LY-ALPHA; OPTICAL-EMISSION; REVERSE SHOCK; SN-1006; WAVES; EQUILIBRATION; RCW-86; 1987A; NOVA AB We examine the structure of the postshock region in supernova remnants (SNRs). The "shock transition zone" is set up by charge transfer and ionization events between atoms and ions and has a width similar to(10(15) cm(-2)) n(0)(-1), where n(0) is the total preshock density (including both atoms and ions). For Balmer-dominated SNRs with shock velocity v(s) greater than or similar to 1000 km s(-1), the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions for ion velocity and temperature are obeyed instantly, leaving the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the broad H alpha line versus v(s) relation intact. However, the spatial variation in the postshock densities is relevant to the problem of Ly alpha resonant scattering in young, core-collapse SNRs. Both two-(preshock atoms and ions) and three-component (preshock atoms, broad neutrals, and ions) models are considered. We compute the spatial emissivities of the broad (xi(b)) and narrow (xi(n)) H alpha lines; a calculation of these emissivities in SN 1006 is in general agreement with the computed ones of Raymond and coworkers. The (dimensionless) spatial shift, Theta(shift), between the centroids of xi(b) and xi(n) is unique for a given shock velocity and f(ion), the preshock ion fraction. Measurements of Theta(shift) can be used to constrain n(0). C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85478 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Heng, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hengk@colorado.edu OI Heng, Kevin/0000-0003-1907-5910 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1086/521298 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JA UT WOS:000250010600022 ER PT J AU Beuther, H Sridharan, TK AF Beuther, H. Sridharan, T. K. TI Outflow and dense gas emission from massive infrared dark clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : early-type; stars : formation ID HOT MOLECULAR CORES; STAR-FORMATION; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; NH3 OBSERVATIONS; DUST CONTINUUM; OUTER GALAXY; SIO EMISSION; HII-REGIONS; SUBMILLIMETER; MILLIMETER AB Infrared dark clouds are expected to harbor sources in different, very young evolutionary stages. To better characterize these differences, we observed a sample of 43 massive infrared dark clouds, originally selected as candidate high-mass starless cores, with the IRAM 30 m telescope covering spectral line tracers of low-density gas, high-density gas, molecular outflows/jets and temperature effects. The SiO(2-1) observations reveal detections toward 18 sources. Assuming that SiO is exclusively produced by sputtering from dust grains, this implies that at least in 40% of this sample star formation is ongoing. A broad range of SiO line widths is observed (between 2.2 and 65 km s(-1)), and we discuss potential origins for this velocity spread. While the low-density tracers (CO)-C-12(2-1) and (CO)-C-13(1-0) are detected in several velocity components, the high-density tracer (HCO+)-C-13(1-0) generally shows only a single velocity component and is hence well suited for kinematic distance estimates of IRDCs. Furthermore, the (HCO+)-C-13 line width is on average 1.5 times larger than that of previously observed NH3(1, 1). This is indicative of more motion at the denser core centers, due to either turbulence or beginning star formation activity. In addition, we detect CH3CN toward only six sources, whereas CH3OH is observed toward approximately 40% of the sample. Estimates of the CH3CN and CH3OH abundances are low with average values of 1: 2; 10(-10) and 4: 3; 10(-10), respectively. These results are consistent with chemical models at the earliest evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation. Furthermore, the CH3OH abundances compare well to recently reported values for low-mass starless cores. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Beuther, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM beuther@mpia.de; tksridha@cfa.harvard.edu NR 47 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP 348 EP 358 DI 10.1086/521142 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JA UT WOS:000250010600028 ER PT J AU Coleman, MG de Jong, JTA Martin, NF Rix, HW Sand, DJ Bell, EF Pogge, RW Thompson, DJ Hippelein, H Giallongo, E Ragazzoni, R DiPaola, A Farinato, J Smareglia, R Testa, V Bechtold, J Hill, JM Garnavich, PM Green, RF AF Coleman, Matthew G. de Jong, Jelte T. A. Martin, Nicolas F. Rix, Hans-Walter Sand, David J. Bell, Eric F. Pogge, Richard W. Thompson, David J. Hippelein, H. Giallongo, E. Ragazzoni, R. DiPaola, Andrea Farinato, Jacopo Smareglia, Riccardo Testa, Vincenzo Bechtold, Jill Hill, John M. Garnavich, Peter M. Green, Richard F. TI The elongated structure of the Hercules dwarf spheroidal galaxy from deep Large Binocular Telescope imaging SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (Hercules dwarf spheroidal galaxy); galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; TIDAL TAILS; SATELLITE; CLUSTERS AB We present a deep, wide-field photometric survey of the newly discovered Hercules dwarf spheroidal galaxy ( dSph), based on data from the Large Binocular Telescope. Images in B, V, and r were obtained with the Large Binocular Camera covering 23 ' x 23 ' a field of view to a magnitude of similar to 25.5 ( 5 sigma). This permitted the construction of color-magnitude diagrams that reach approximately 1.5 mag below the Hercules main-sequence turnoff. Three-filter photometry allowed us to preferentially select probable Hercules member stars and to examine the structure of this system at a previously unattained level. We find that the Hercules dwarf is highly elongated (3 : 1) considerably more so than any other dSph satellite of the Milky Way, except the disrupting Sagittarius dwarf. Although we cannot rule out that the unusual structure is intrinsic to Hercules as an equilibrium system, our results suggest tidal disruption as a likely cause of this highly elliptical structure. Given the relatively large galactocentric distance of this system ( 132 +/- 12 kpc), signs of tidal disruption would require the Hercules dwarf to be on a highly eccentric orbit around the Milky Way. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Arizona, Large Binoular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Coleman, MG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. OI Smareglia, Riccardo/0000-0001-9363-3007; Farinato, Jacopo/0000-0002-5840-8362; Ragazzoni, Roberto/0000-0002-7697-5555; Giallongo, Emanuele/0000-0003-0734-1273; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873; Testa, Vincenzo/0000-0003-1033-1340 NR 21 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP L43 EP L46 DI 10.1086/522672 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JB UT WOS:000250010700011 ER PT J AU Pessah, ME Chan, CK Psaltis, D AF Pessah, Martin E. Chan, Chi-Kwan Psaltis, Dimitrios TI Angular momentum transport in accretion disks: Scaling laws in MRI-driven turbulence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; instabilities; MHD; turbulence ID GLOBAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; DYNAMO; VISCOSITY; OUTFLOWS; ALPHA; MODEL AB We present a scaling law that predicts the values of the stresses obtained in numerical simulations of saturated MRI-driven turbulence in nonstratified shearing boxes. It relates the turbulent stresses to the strength of the vertical magnetic field, the sound speed, the vertical size of the box, and the numerical resolution and predicts accurately the results of 35 numerical simulations performed for a wide variety of physical conditions. We use our result to show that the saturated stresses in simulations with zero net magnetic flux depend linearly on the numerical resolution and would become negligible if the resolution were set equal to the natural dissipation scale in astrophysical disks. We conclude that in order for MRI-driven turbulent angular momentum transport to be able to account for the large value of the effective alpha viscosity inferred observationally, the disk must be threaded by a significant vertical magnetic field and the turbulent magnetic energy must be in near equipartition with the thermal energy. This result has important implications for the spectra of accretion disks and their stability. C1 Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pessah, ME (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM mpessah@ias.edu OI Pessah, Martin/0000-0001-8716-3563 NR 29 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP L51 EP L54 DI 10.1086/522585 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JB UT WOS:000250010700013 ER PT J AU Harding, JM Harasewych, MG AF Harding, Juliana M. Harasewych, M. G. TI Two new modern records of the southern oyster drill Stramonita haemastoma floridana (Conrad, 1837) in Chesapeake Bay, USA SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article DE range extension; water temperature; Cape Hatteras; zoogeography; DNA bar-coding ID THAIS-HAEMASTOMA; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CANALICULATA GRAY; ASSATEAGUE ISLAND; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RANGE EXTENSIONS; RAPANA-VENOSA; JAMES RIVER; VIRGINIA AB Live southern oyster drills, Stramonita haemastoma floridana (Conrad, 1837), have been collected from two Chesapeake Bay western shore tributaries. Four specimens were collected between Brown Shoal and Thomas Rock in the lower James River in February 2005. Thirteen live southern oyster drills were collected from Back River in April 2006. Identification of these drills as Stramonita haemastoma floridana has been confirmed using DNA bar-coding data. Southern oyster drills collected in Chesapeake Bay are genetically nearly identical to populations from the Atlantic coast, and differ significantly from populations from the Azores and from the Gulf of Mexico. These collections mark the first reported records of live southern oyster drills from within the Chesapeake Bay estuary. It is unknown if these drills represent isolated introductions or expansions of the northern range this species. Water temperature patterns ill Chesapeake Bay and the Mid-Atlantic Bight from 1990-2005 are similar to those observed in the late 1950s when Stramonita haemastoma floridana was first found living in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Harding, JM (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jharding@vims.edu; Harasewych@si.edu NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 3 BP 146 EP 158 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 219ZH UT WOS:000250126200004 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Nascimento, HEM Laurance, SG Andrade, A Ewers, RM Harms, KE Luizao, RCC Ribeiro, JE AF Laurance, William F. Nascimento, Henrique E. M. Laurance, Susan G. Andrade, Ana Ewers, Robert M. Harms, Kyle E. Luizao, Regina C. C. Ribeiro, Jose E. TI Habitat Fragmentation, Variable Edge Effects, and the Landscape-Divergence Hypothesis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Edge effects are major drivers of change in many fragmented landscapes, but are often highly variable in space and time. Here we assess variability in edge effects altering Amazon forest dynamics, plant community composition, invading species, and carbon storage, in the world's largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation. Despite detailed knowledge of local landscape conditions, spatial variability in edge effects was only partially foreseeable: relatively predictable effects were caused by the differing proximity of plots to forest edge and varying matrix vegetation, but windstorms generated much random variability. Temporal variability in edge phenomena was also only partially predictable: forest dynamics varied somewhat with fragment age, but also fluctuated markedly over time, evidently because of sporadic droughts and windstorms. Given the acute sensitivity of habitat fragments to local landscape and weather dynamics, we predict that fragments within the same landscape will tend to converge in species composition, whereas those in different landscapes will diverge in composition. This 'landscape-divergence hypothesis', if generally valid, will have key implications for biodiversity-conservation strategies and for understanding the dynamics of fragmented ecosystems. C1 [Laurance, William F.; Laurance, Susan G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Nascimento, Henrique E. M.; Andrade, Ana; Luizao, Regina C. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Natl Inst Amazonian Res INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Ewers, Robert M.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ribeiro, Jose E.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res INPA, Dept Bot, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Nascimento, Henrique/F-8612-2012; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011; Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/A-8574-2013 OI Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933; Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/0000-0002-2389-5631 FU U. S. National Science Foundation; NASA-LBA Program; A. W. Mellon Foundation; Conservation, Food and Health Foundation; World Wildlife Fund-U.S.; MacArthur Foundation; National Institute for Amazonian Research; Smithsonian Institution FX Funding: Support was provided by the U. S. National Science Foundation, NASA-LBA Program, A. W. Mellon Foundation, Conservation, Food and Health Foundation, World Wildlife Fund-U.S., MacArthur Foundation, National Institute for Amazonian Research, and Smithsonian Institution. NR 76 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 19 U2 105 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 10 AR e1017 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001017 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HV UT WOS:000207456000016 PM 17925865 ER PT J AU Rey, AM Gritsev, V Bloch, I Demler, E Lukin, MD AF Rey, A. M. Gritsev, V. Bloch, I. Demler, E. Lukin, M. D. TI Preparation and detection of magnetic quantum phases in optical superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; SPINS AB We describe a novel approach to prepare, detect, and characterize magnetic quantum phases in ultracold spinor atoms loaded in optical superlattices. Our technique makes use of singlet-triplet spin manipulations in an array of isolated double-well potentials in analogy to recently demonstrated control in quantum dots. We also discuss the many-body singlet-triplet spin dynamics arising from coherent coupling between nearest neighbor double wells and derive an effective description for such systems. We use it to study the generation of complex magnetic states by adiabatic and nonequilibrium dynamics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Bloch, Immanuel/G-3174-2010 OI Bloch, Immanuel/0000-0002-0679-4759 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 14 AR 140601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.140601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 217UY UT WOS:000249974000008 PM 17930655 ER PT J AU Liao, YL Pawson, DL Liu, W AF Liao, Yulin Pawson, David L. Liu, Wei TI Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Dendrochirotida) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus; Yellow Sea; Holothuroidea; Dendrochirotida AB Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus new species is described from a depth of 22-45 meters near the western edge of the Yellow Sea. The body is cylindrical, with body wall ossicles present only in the anal region. Ossicles are four-pillared tables with low spires and indented disc margin. A revised key to the eleven phyllophorine (Family Phyllophoridae, Subfamily Phyllophorinae) species now known from China is presented. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Marine Environm Monitoring Cent Stat Shandong P, Wei Fang 261041, Peoples R China. RP Liao, YL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. EM pawsond@si.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 5 PY 2007 IS 1608 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 218TL UT WOS:000250037700004 ER PT J AU Pawson, DL Vance, DJ AF Pawson, David L. Vance, Doris J. TI Heteromolpadia joyceae, a new species of sea cucumber from New Zealand, with a key to New Zealand Molpadiidae (Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Molpadiida) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Heteromolpadia joyceae; Holothuroidea; Molpadiida; New Zealand AB Heteromolpadia joyceae, new species, has been collected from depths of 258 - 632m off the east coast of New Zealand. It is distinctive in having a tough, leathery skin, gray with scattered red spots. Tables in body wall 100 mu m in diameter with three larger perforations; tail ossicles with 15 - 20 perforations, a three-pillared spire, and an average length of 300 mu m. A key to the eight species of Family Molpadiidae now known from the New Zealand region is provided. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pawson, DL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Mail Stop MRC163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pawsond@si.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 5 PY 2007 IS 1608 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 218TL UT WOS:000250037700005 ER PT J AU Kovalenko, LJ Jucks, KW Salawitch, RJ Toon, GC Blavier, JF Johnson, DG Kleinbohl, A Livesey, NJ Margitan, JJ Pickett, HM Santee, ML Sen, B Stachnik, RA Waters, JW AF Kovalenko, L. J. Jucks, K. W. Salawitch, R. J. Toon, G. C. Blavier, J.-F. Johnson, D. G. Kleinboehl, A. Livesey, N. J. Margitan, J. J. Pickett, H. M. Santee, M. L. Sen, B. Stachnik, R. A. Waters, J. W. TI Observed and modeled HOCl profiles in the midlatitude stratosphere: Implication for ozone loss SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; REACTION-KINETICS; HO2+CLO REACTION; AB-INITIO; CLO; HO2; SURFACE AB Vertical profiles of stratospheric HOCl calculated with a diurnal steady-state photochemical model that uses currently recommended reaction rates and photolysis cross sections underestimate observed profiles of HOCl obtained by two balloon-borne instruments, FIRS-2 (a far-infrared emission spectrometer) and MkIV (a mid-infrared, solar absorption spectrometer). Considerable uncertainty (a factor of two) persists in laboratory measurements of the rate constant (k(1)) for the reaction ClO + HO2 -> HOCl + O-2. Agreement between modeled and measured HOCl can be attained using a value of k(1) from Stimpfle et al. (1979) that is about a factor-of-two faster than the currently recommended rate constant. Comparison of modeled and measured HOCl suggests that models using the currently recommended value for k(1) may underestimate the role of the HOCl catalytic cycle for ozone depletion, important in the midlatitude lower stratosphere. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Columbus Technol Inc, Pleasanton, CA USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Kovalenko, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ljk@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Johnson, David/F-2376-2015 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Johnson, David/0000-0003-4399-5653 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 19 AR L19801 DI 10.1029/2007GL031100 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 218VX UT WOS:000250045200005 ER PT J AU Elizondo, MSG Rosen, DJ Carter, R Peterson, PM AF Gonzalez Elizondo, M. Socorro Rosen, David J. Carter, Richard Peterson, Paul M. TI Eleocharis reznicekii (Cyperaceae), a new species from the Mexican High Plateau SO ACTA BOTANICA MEXICANA LA English DT Article DE Cyperaccae; Durango; Eleocharis; Mexico; taxonomy ID CLASSIFICATION AB Eleocharis reznicekii (Cyperaceae, subg. Eleocharis, series Eleocharis), is described and illustrated. It is morphologically intermediate between E. densa and two species of Eleocharis subseries Eleocharis (E. macrostachya and E. palustris). The new species differs in a combination of characters including conspicuously compressed culms (3 to over 5 times wider than thick) and stylopodium sessile on a thin annular base. Eleocharis reznicekii differs additionally from E. densa by having relatively lax spikelets, mostly bifid styles, and achenes almost smooth at 30x. From E. macrostachya and E. palustris it is distinguished in its oblong to linear-oblong spikelets, the proximal floral scale clasping only 1/3 to slightly more than 1/2 of the culm, and the proximal plus 1-2(3) subproximal scales without a flower. Eleocharis reznicekii is known only from the state of Durango, in the Mexican high plateau and piedmont of the Sierra Madre Occidental. C1 [Gonzalez Elizondo, M. Socorro] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Invest Desarrollo Integral, Unidad Durango, Durango 34220, Durango, Mexico. [Rosen, David J.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Stn, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Carter, Richard] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Peterson, Paul M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Institut, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Elizondo, MSG (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Invest Desarrollo Integral, Unidad Durango, Sigma S-N Fraccionamiento 20 Noviembre 2, Durango 34220, Durango, Mexico. EM herbario_ciidir@yahoo.com.mx NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ECOLOGIA AC PI PATZCUARO PA CENTRO REGIONAL DEL BAJIO, APARTADO POSTAL 386, PATZCUARO, MICHOACAN 61600, MEXICO SN 0187-7151 J9 ACTA BOT MEX JI Acta. Bot. Mex. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 284OB UT WOS:000254714600003 ER PT J AU Holtum, JAM Winter, K Weeks, MA Sexton, TR AF Holtum, Joseph A. M. Winter, Klaus Weeks, Mark A. Sexton, Timothy R. TI Crassulacean acid metabolism in the ZZ plant, Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Araceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Araceae; CO(2) exchange; crassulacean acid metabolism; drought stress; photosynthesis; Zamioculcas ID CARBON-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; DELTA-C-13 VALUES; CAM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLUSIA; PANAMA; CO2 AB Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Araceae), a terrestrial East African aroid, with two defining attributes of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) (net CO, uptake in the dark and diel fluctuations of titratable acidity) is the only CAM plant described within the Araceae, a mainly tropical taxon that contains the second largest number of epiphytes of any vascular plant family. Within the Alismatales, the order to which the Araceae belong, Z. zamiifolia is the only documented nonaquatic CAM species. Zamioculcas zamiifolia has weak CAM that is upregulated in response to water stress. In well-watered plants, day-night fluctuations in titratable acidity were 2.5 mu mol H(+).(g-fresh mass)(-1), and net CO(2) uptake in the dark contributed less than 1% to daily carbon gain. Following 10 d of water stress, net CO(2) uptake in the light fell 94% and net CO(2) uptake in the dark increased 7.5-fold, such that its contribution increased to 19% of daily carbon gain. Following rewatering, dark CO(2) uptake returned to within 5% of prestressed levels. We postulate that CAM assists survival of Z. Zamiifolia by reducing water loss and maintaining carbon gain during seasonal droughts characteristic of its natural habitat. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Holtum, JAM (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM joseph.holtum@jcu.edu.au RI Holtum, Joseph/B-3063-2012; Sexton, Timothy /H-5961-2012 OI Holtum, Joseph/0000-0001-6568-8019; NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1670 EP 1676 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.10.1670 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 238RZ UT WOS:000251466600008 PM 21636363 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, AM Kramer, LD Jones, MJ Marra, PP Daszak, P Fonseca, DM AF Kilpatrick, A. Marm Kramer, Laura D. Jones, Matthew J. Marra, Peter P. Daszak, Peter Fonseca, Dina M. TI Genetic influences on mosquito feeding behavior and the emergence of zoonotic pathogens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CULEX-PIPIENS; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; HOST SELECTION; BORNE DISEASE; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; VECTOR AB The feeding behavior of vectors influences the likelihood of pathogen invasion and the exposure of humans to vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. We used multilocus microsatellite genetic typing of an introduced mosquito vector and DNA sequencing of mosquito blood meals to determine the impact of hybrid ancestry on feeding behavior and the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV). The probability of ancestry of Culex pipiens mosquitoes from two bionomically divergent forms, form molestus and form pipiens, influenced the probability that they fed on humans but did not explain a late summer feeding shift from birds to humans. We used a simple model to show that the occurrence of pure form molestus mosquitoes would have decreased the likelihood of WNV invasion (R-0 in bird populations) 3- to 8-fold, whereas the occurrence of pure forms pipiens mosquitoes would have halved human exposure compared with the hybrids that are present. Data and modeling suggest that feeding preferences may be influenced by genetic ancestry and contribute to the emergence of vector-borne pathogens transmitted by introduced species, including malaria, and dengue, Chikungunya, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. C1 Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Kilpatrick, AM (reprint author), Consortium Conservat Med, 460 W 34th St,17th Floor, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM kilpatrick@conservationmedicine.org; dinafons@rci.rutgers.edu OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25490] NR 43 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 4 BP 667 EP 671 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 221RK UT WOS:000250244800015 PM 17978068 ER PT J AU Kettenring, KM Galatowitsch, SM AF Kettenring, Karin M. Galatowitsch, Susan M. TI Temperature requirements for dormancy break and seed germination vary greatly among 14 wetland Carex species SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cold stratification; germination temperature; glacial wetland; prairie pothole region; sedge; seed dormancy; seed germination ecology ID RECENTLY RESTORED WETLANDS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; RESTORATION; BANKS; REVEGETATION; VEGETATION; HABITATS; STRICTA; GROWTH; LIGHT AB We evaluated dormancy loss in seeds of 14 Carex species (C atherodes, C brevior, C comosa, C. cristatella, C. cryptolepis, C. granularis, C. hystericina, C lacustris, C pellita, C scoparia, C stipata, C stricta, C utriculata, C vulpinoidea) under growing season and stratification conditions and determined the temperature requirements for germination. Seeds were germinated for I year at a diel temperature regime (5/1 degrees C, 14/1 degrees C, 22/8 degrees C, or 27/15 degrees C) or a seasonal regime (seeds moved among the four diel regimes to mimic seasonal temperatures). All species had conditionally dormant seeds at maturity. The optimal temperature for germination of most species was 27/15 T. The 14 species were grouped by their seed viability, dormancy, and germination with a Seed Regeneration Index (SRI; range 0-1) using the results of this study and a previously published paper on stratification effects on Carex seed dormancy and germination. The eight species that had an SRI value > 0.5 (C. brevior, C. comosa, C. cristatella, C. cryptolepis, C. hystericina, C. scoparia, C. stipata, C. vulpinoidea) had high seed viability (> 60%) and required little to no stratification to germinate readily over a broad range of temperatures. The six species with an SRI value < 0.5 (C. atherodes, C granularis, C. lacustris, C. pellita, C. stricta, C. utriculata) generally had low seed viability (< 50% and often < 1%) and required stratification or particular temperatures (35/30 degrees C or 5/1 degrees C for C. stricta; 35/30 degrees C for C. utriculata; 27/15 degrees C for C. atherodes, C. lacustris, C. pellita; 511 'C for C. granularis) for germination >= 50%. These six species will require more attention from restoration practitioners to ensure that there are sufficient viable seeds to meet revegetation goals, that dormancy break is achieved, and that seeds are sown when temperatures are optimal for germination. The different seed germination syndromes that we found for these Carex species likely contribute to variable seed bank formation and emergence patterns, and species coexistence. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Horticultural Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kettenring, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM KettenringK@si.edu NR 45 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.003 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 216JS UT WOS:000249874900005 ER PT J AU Dupree, AK Li, TQ Smith, GH AF Dupree, A. K. Li, Timothy Q. Smith, Graeme H. TI Hubble space telescope observations of chromospheres in metal-deficient field giants SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : chromospheres; stars : Population II; stars : winds; outflows; ultraviolet : stars ID LATE-TYPE STARS; X-RAY ACTIVITY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ALPHA LINE-PROFILES; CLUSTER RED GIANTS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; POOR STARS; MASS-LOSS; OUTER ATMOSPHERES AB Hubble Space Telescope high- resolution spectra of metal- deficient field giants more than double the stars in previous studies, span similar to 3 mag on the red giant branch, and sample an abundance range [Fe/ H] =- 1 to - 3. These stars, in spite of their age and low metallicity, possess chromospheric fluxes of Mg II (lambda 2800) that are within a factor of 4 of Population I stars, and they give signs of a dependence on the metal abundance at the lowest metallicities. The Mg II k line widths depend on luminosity and correlate with metallicity. Line profile asymmetries reveal outf-lows that occur at lower luminosities ( M-V =- 0.8) than detected in Ca K and H alpha lines in metal- poor giants, suggesting mass outflow occurs over a larger span of the red giant branch than previously thought and confirming that the Mg II lines are good wind diagnostics. These results do not support a magnetically dominated chromosphere, but they appear more consistent with some sort of hydrodynamic or acoustic heating of the outer atmospheres. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Dupree, AK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adupree@cfa.harvard.edu; graeme@ucolick.edu NR 93 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1348 EP 1359 DI 10.1086/520925 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215BG UT WOS:000249781800004 ER PT J AU Kurtz, MJ Geller, MJ Fabricant, DG Wyatt, WF Dell'Antonio, IP AF Kurtz, Michael J. Geller, Margaret J. Fabricant, Daniel G. Wyatt, William F. Dell'Antonio, Ian P. TI mu-photoZ: Photometric redshifts by inverting the tolman surface brightness test SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : photometry; methods : data analysis; techniques : photometric ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; MAGNITUDE RELATION; GALAXY SAMPLE; CLUSTERS; CALIBRATION; CLASSIFIER; HECTOSPEC AB Surface brightness is a fundamental observational parameter of galaxies. We show, for the first time in detail, how it can be used to obtain photometric redshifts for galaxies, the mu-PhotoZ method. We demonstrate that the Tolman surface brightness relation, mu proportional to ( 1+z)(-4), is a powerful tool for determining galaxy redshifts from photometric data. We develop a model using mu and a color percentile ( ranking) measure to demonstrate the mu-PhotoZ method. We apply our method to a set of galaxies from the SHELS survey, and demonstrate that the photometric redshift accuracy achieved using the surface brightness method alone is comparable with the best color- based methods. We show that the mu-PhotoZ method is very effective in determining the redshift for red galaxies using only two photometric bands. We discuss the properties of the small, skewed, non- Gaussian component of the error distribution. We calibrate mu(r), ( r - i) from the SDSS to redshift and tabulate the result, providing a simple but accurate look- up table to estimate the redshift of distant red galaxies. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Kurtz, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kurtz@cfa.harvard.edu RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1360 EP 1367 DI 10.1086/521430 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215BG UT WOS:000249781800005 ER PT J AU Nihei, TC Lehner, MJ Bianco, FB King, SK Giammarco, JM Alcock, C AF Nihei, T. C. Lehner, M. J. Bianco, F. B. King, S.-K. Giammarco, J. M. Alcock, C. TI Detectability of occultations of stars by objects in the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets : general; Kuiper Belt; Oort Cloud; solar system : formation ID TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS; 2003 VB12 SEDNA; STELLAR OCCULTATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PLUTOS ATMOSPHERE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; BODIES; ACCRETION; ORBITS; SEARCH AB The serendipitous detection of stellar occultations by outer solar system objects is a powerful method for ascertaining the small end (r less than or similar to 15 km) of the size distribution of Kuiper Belt objects and may potentially allow the exploration of objects as far out as the Oort Cloud. The design and implementation of an occultation survey is aided by a detailed understanding of how diffraction and observational parameters affect the detection of occultation events. In this study, stellar occultations are simulated, accounting for diffraction effects, finite source sizes, finite bandwidths, stellar spectra, sampling, and signal-to-noise ratios. Finally, the possibility of detecting small outer solar system objects from the Kuiper Belt all the way out to the Oort Cloud is explored for three photometric systems: a proposed space telescope, Whipple, the Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey, and the MMT. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Nihei, TC (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1596 EP 1612 DI 10.1086/521396 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215BG UT WOS:000249781800028 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Holman, MJ Bakos, GA Pal, A Johnson, JA Williams, PKG Shporer, A Mazeh, T Fernandez, J Latham, DW Gillon, M AF Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. Bakos, Gaspar A. . Pal, Andras Johnson, John Asher Williams, Peter K. G. Shporer, Avi Mazeh, Tsevi Fernandez, Jose Latham, David W. Gillon, Michael TI The transit light curve project. VII. The not-so-bloated exoplanet Hat-P-1b SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (HAT-P-1, ADS 16402B) ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; B-LIKE PLANETS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; HOT JUPITERS; OBLIQUITY TIDES; HD 209458B; RADIUS; PARAMETERS AB We present photometry of the G0 star HAT-P-1 during six transits of its close-in giant planet, and we refine the estimates of the system parameters. Relative to Jupiter's properties, HAT-P-1b is 1.20 +/- 0.05 times larger, and its surface gravity is 2.7 +/- 0.2 times weaker. Although it remains the case that HAT-P-1b is among the least dense of the known sample of transiting exoplanets, its properties are in accord with previously published models of strongly irradiated, coreless, solar-composition giant planets. The times of the transits have a typical accuracy of 1 minute and do not depart significantly from a constant period. C1 MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. Observ Univ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Univ Liege, Inst Astron & Geofis, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Bakos, GA (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Williams, Peter/0000-0003-3734-3587 NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1707 EP 1712 DI 10.1086/521599 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215BG UT WOS:000249781800037 ER PT J AU Olah, K Strassmeier, KG Granzer, T Soon, W Baliunas, SL AF Olah, K. Strassmeier, K. G. Granzer, T. Soon, W. Baliunas, S. L. TI Changing stellar activity cycles SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Potsdam Thinkshop on Meridional Flow, Differential Rotation, Solar and Stellar Activity CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE stars : activity; stars : atmospheres; stars : late-type; stars : magnetic fields; starspots ID LONG-TERM PHOTOMETRY; STARSPOT CYCLES AB We investigated continuous long-term photometric datasets of thirteen active stars, Ca 11 variability of one single main-sequence star, and 10.7cm radio data of the Sun, with simple Fourier- and time-frequency analysis. The data reflect the strength of the activity manifested in magnetic spots. All studied stars show multiple (2 to 4) cycles of different lengths. The time-frequency analysis reveals, that in several cases of the sample one or two of the cycles exhibit continuous changes (increase or decrease). For four stars (V711 Tau, IL Hya, HK Lac, HD 100180) and for the Sun we find that the cycle length changes are strong, amounting to 10-50% during the observed time intervals. The cycle lengths are generally longer for stars with longer rotational periods. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Olah, K.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Strassmeier, K. G.; Granzer, T.] Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Soon, W.; Baliunas, S. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Olah, K (reprint author), Konkoly Observ Budapest, PO Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM olah@konkoly.hu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 328 IS 10 BP 1072 EP 1074 DI 10.1002/asna.200710839 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 249LT UT WOS:000252230600023 ER PT J AU Piconcelli, E Fiore, F Nicastro, F Mathur, S Brusa, M Comastri, A Puccetti, S AF Piconcelli, E. Fiore, F. Nicastro, F. Mathur, S. Brusa, M. Comastri, A. Puccetti, S. TI The XMM-Newton view of IRAS 09104+4109: evidence for a changing-look Type 2 quasar? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : IRAS 09104+4109; galaxies : active; galaxies : nuclei; X-ray : galaxies ID HYPERLUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; IRAS P09104+4109; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; COMPTON-THICK; PG QUASARS; ALPHA LINE; RAY; IRON; QSO AB Aims. We report on a 14 ks XMM-Newton observation of the hyperluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 09104+ 4109, which harbors a type 2 quasar in its nucleus. Our analysis was aimed at studying the properties of the absorbing matter and the Fe K complex at 6-7 keV in this source. Methods. We analyzed the spectroscopic data from the PN and the MOS cameras in the 0.4-10 keV band. We also used an archival BeppoSAX 1-50 keV observation of IRAS 09104+ 4109 to investigate possible variations of the quasar emission. Results. The X-ray emission in the EPIC band is dominated by the intra-cluster medium thermal emission. We found that the quasar contributes similar to 35% of the total flux in the 2-10 keV band. Both a transmission-(through a Compton-thin absorber with a Compton optical depth of tau(C) similar to 0.3, i. e. N-H similar to 5 x 10(23) cm(-2)) and a reflection-dominated (tau(C) > 1) model provide an excellent fit to the quasar continuum emission. However, the value measured for the EW of Fe K alpha emission line is only marginally consistent with the presence of a Compton-thick absorber in a reflection-dominated scenario, which had been suggested by a previous, marginal (i. e. 2.5 sigma) detection with the hard X-ray (15-50 keV), non-imaging BeppoSAX/PDS instrument. Moreover, the value of luminosity in the 2-10 keV band measured by the transmission-dominated model is fully consistent with that expected on the basis of the bolometric luminosity of IRAS 09104+ 4109. From the analysis of the XMM-Newton data we therefore suggest the possibility that the absorber along the line of sight to the nucleus of IRAS 09104+ 4109 is Compton-thin. Alternatively, the absorber column density could have changed from Compton-thick to-thin in the five years elapsed between the observations. If this is the case, then IRAS 09104+ 4109 is the first "changing-look" quasar ever detected. C1 Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. ESRIN, ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Piconcelli, E (reprint author), Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. EM piconcelli@oa-roma.inaf.it RI Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; OI Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; piconcelli, enrico/0000-0001-9095-2782; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; Puccetti, Simonetta/0000-0002-2734-7835; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077630 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OS UT WOS:000249957800010 ER PT J AU Leipski, C Haas, M Siebenmorgen, R Meusinger, H Albrecht, M Cesarsky, C Chini, R Cutri, R Drass, H Huchra, JP Ott, S Wilkes, BJ AF Leipski, C. Haas, M. Siebenmorgen, R. Meusinger, H. Albrecht, M. Cesarsky, C. Chini, R. Cutri, R. Drass, H. Huchra, J. P. Ott, S. Wilkes, B. J. TI The reddest ISO-2MASS quasar SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; quasars : general; infrared : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; RADIO GALAXIES; RED; ULTRAVIOLET; EMISSION; AGN AB Context. While there is growing consensus on the existence of numerous dust-enshrouded red quasars, their discovery and detailed exploration is still an observational challenge. In the course of the near-mid-infrared AGN search combining the 6.7 mu m ISOCAM Parallel Survey and 2MASS we have discovered 24 type-1 quasars about a third of which are too red to be discriminated by optical/ UV search techniques. Aims. Here we report on a detailed case study of the reddest type-1 quasar of our sample, 2MASS J23410667-0914327 (for short J2341) at redshift z = 0.236 with MK =-25.8 and J-K-s = 1.95. This source has a very red optical appearance but lacks the far-infrared emission typically seen in known dust enshrouded AGN. Therefore we here explore its enigmatic nature. Methods. We performed spectroscopy in the optical with VLT/ FORS1 and in the mid-infrared (5-38 mu m) with the Spitzer Space Telescope as well as near-infrared (NIR) imaging with ISPI at the CTIO 4m-telescope. To explain the red optical continuum of the quasar we examine nuclear dust reddening of an intrinsically blue quasar continuum in combination with dilution by stellar light of the host galaxy. Results. The optical and NIR observations reveal a star forming emission-line galaxy at the same redshift as the quasar with a projected linear separation of 1.'' 8 (6.7 kpc). The quasar and its companion are embedded in diffuse extended continuum emission. Compared with its companion the quasar exhibits redder optical-NIR colours, which we attribute to hot nuclear dust. The mid-infrared spectrum shows only few emission lines superimposed on a power-law spectral energy distribution typically seen in type-1 AGN. However, the lack of strong far-infrared emission suggests that our potentially interacting object contains much less gas and dust and is in a stage different from dust reddened ULIRG-AGN like Mrk 231. The optical spectrum shows signatures for reddening in the emission-lines and no post-starburst stellar population is detected in the host galaxy of the quasar. The optical continuum emission of the active nucleus appears absorbed and diluted. Conclusions. Even the combination of absorption and host dilution is not able to match J2341 with standard quasar templates. While the BLR shows only a rather moderate absorption of EB-V = 0.3, the continuum shorter than 4500 angstrom requires strong obscuration with EB-V = 0.7, clearly exceeding the constraints from the low upper limit on the silicate 9.7 mu m absorption. This leads us to conclude that the continuum of the quasar J2341 is intrinsically redder than that of typical quasars. C1 AIRUB, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. TLS, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Univ Catolica Norte, Inst Astron, Antofagasta, Chile. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European Space Agcy, HERSCHEL Sci Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Leipski, C (reprint author), AIRUB, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM leipski@physics.ucsb.edu OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066323 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OS UT WOS:000249957800013 ER PT J AU Peretto, N Fuller, G Zijlstra, A Patel, N AF Peretto, N. Fuller, G. Zijlstra, A. Patel, N. TI The massive expanding molecular torus in the planetary nebula NGC 6302 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : AGB and post-AGB; planetary nebulae : general; planetary nebulae : individual : NGC 6302 ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; BIPOLAR OUTFLOWS; CO OBSERVATIONS; CENTRAL STAR; EVOLUTION; DUST; GAS; EXCITATION; ENVELOPES; DENSITIES AB Aims. We measure the mass and kinematics of the massive molecular torus in the the proto- typical butterfly planetary nebula NGC 6302. Determining the mass- loss history of the source is an important step in understanding the origin and formation of the wing- like morphology. Methods. Using the SMA interferometer we have imaged both the continuum emission and the J = 2 - 1 transitions of (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 at arcsecond resolution. These data are analysed in combination with observations of both the J = 2 - 1 and J = 3 - 2 transitions of (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 made with JCMT. Results. The (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 emission match the dark lane seen in absorption in the Ha image of the object and trace an expanding torus of material. The CO indicates a mass of the torus of similar to 2 M-circle dot +/- 1 M-circle dot. The torus is expanding with a velocity of similar to 8kms(-1), centred at V-1st = - 31.5 km s(-1). The size and expansion velocity of the torus indicates that it was ejected from similar to 7500 yr to 2900 yr ago, with a mass- loss rate of 5 x 10(-4) M-circle dot yr(-1). In addition we detect a ballistic component in the CO images which has a velocity gradient of 140 km s(-1) pc(-1). Conclusions. The derived mass- loss history of the torus favours binary interaction as the cause of the ejection of the torus and we predict the existence of a companion with an orbital period P <= 1month. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Peretto, N (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Sackville St,POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM nicolas.peretto@manchester.ac.uk NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 1 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066973 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OS UT WOS:000249957800023 ER PT J AU Beuther, H Zhang, Q Hunter, TR Sridharan, TK Bergin, EA AF Beuther, H. Zhang, Q. Hunter, T. R. Sridharan, T. K. Bergin, E. A. TI The 10(5) L-circle dot high-mass protostellar object IRAS 23151+5912 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; stars : early; type; stars : individual : IRAS 23151+5912; ISM : dust; extinction; ISM : jets and outflows ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; HII-REGIONS; H2O MASERS; CONTINUUM EMISSION; DUST CONTINUUM; WATER MASERS; HOT CORE; SUBMILLIMETER; CANDIDATES AB Context. While most sources above 10(5) L-circle dot have already formed an Ultracompact HII region (UCHII), this is not necessarily the case for sources of lower luminosity. Characterizing sources in the transition phase, i.e., very luminous objects without any detectable free-free emission, is important for a general understanding of massive star formation. Aims. We Characterize one of the most luminous High-Mass Protostellar Objects ( HMPO) that has not yet formed any detectable UCHII region. Methods. The region was observed with the Submillimeter Array in three different array configurations at 875 mu m in the submm continuum and spectral line emission at sub-arcsecond resolution. Results. The 875 mu m submm continuum emission has been resolved into at least two condensations. The previously believed driving source of one of the outflows, the infrared source IRS1, is similar to 0.9 '' offset from the main submm peak. The data do not allow to differentiate whether this offset is real, either caused by different sources or a shift of the photo-center due to scattering, or whether it is only due to poor astrometry of the infrared data. Over the entire 4GHz bandwidth we detect an intermediate dense spectral line forest with 27 lines from 8 different species, isotopologues or vibrationally-torsionally excited states. Temperature estimates based on the CH3OH line series result in values of T(Peak1) similar to 150 +/- 50K and T(Peak2) similar to 80 +/- 30K for the two submm peak positions, respectively. The SiO(8-7) red-and blue-shifted line maps indicate the presence of two molecular outflows. In contrast, the vibrationally-torsionally excited CH3OH line exhibits a velocity gradient approximately perpendicular to one of the outflows. With a size of approximately 5000 AU and no Keplerian rotation signature, this structure does not resemble a genuine accretion disk but rather a larger-scale rotating toroid that may harbor a more common accretion disk at its so far unresolved center. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Beuther, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM beuther@mpia.de; name@fa.harvard.edu; thunter@nrao.edu; ebergin@umich.edu NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 2 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077992 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OT UT WOS:000249957900017 ER PT J AU Revnivtsev, M Churazov, E Sazonov, S Forman, W Jones, C AF Revnivtsev, M. Churazov, E. Sazonov, S. Forman, W. Jones, C. TI X-ray emission from the stellar population in M 32 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : general; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual : M 32; galaxies : general; galaxies : stellar content; X-rays : diffuse background ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; GALACTIC RIDGE; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; MASS-LOSS; LOCAL GROUP; LUMINOSITY; M32; CLUSTERS; PROFILES; CHANDRA AB Using Chandra observations, we study the X-ray emission of the stellar population in the compact dwarf elliptical galaxy M 32. The proximity of M 32 allows one to resolve all bright point sources with luminosities higher than 8 x 10(33) erg s(-1) in the 0.5-7 keV band. The remaining ( unresolved) emission closely follows the galaxy's optical light and is characterized by an emissivity per unit stellar mass of similar to 4.3 x 10(27) erg s(-1) M-circle dot(-1) in the 2-10 keV energy band. The spectrum of the unresolved emission above a few keV smoothly joins the X-ray spectrum of the Milky Way's ridge measured with RXTE and INTEGRAL. These results strongly suggest that weak discrete X-ray sources (accreting white dwarfs and active binary stars) provide the bulk of the "diffuse" emission of this gas-poor galaxy. Within the uncertainties, the average X-ray properties of the M 32 stars are consistent with those of the old stellar population in the Milky Way. The inferred cumulative soft X-ray (0.5-2 keV) emissivity is however smaller than is measured in the immediate Solar vicinity in our Galaxy. This difference is probably linked to the contribution of young (age << 1 Gyr) stars, which are abundant in the Solar neighborhood but practically absent in M 32. Combining Chandra, RXTE and INTEGRAL data, we obtain a broad-band (0.5-60 keV) X-ray spectrum of the old stellar population in galaxies. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Revnivtsev, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85740 Garching, Germany. EM mikej@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 3 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077336 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OU UT WOS:000249958000017 ER PT J AU Mermilliod, JC Andersen, J Latham, DW Mayor, M AF Mermilliod, J.-C. Andersen, J. Latham, D. W. Mayor, M. TI Red giants in open clusters - XIII. Orbital elements of 156 spectroscopic binaries SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxy : open clusters and associations : general; stars:: binaries : spectroscopic; techniques : radial velocities; stars : late-type ID RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; OLD OPEN CLUSTERS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; GALACTIC CLUSTERS; CORAVEL OBSERVATIONS; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; STANDARD STARS; UBV PHOTOMETRY; CRITICAL TESTS AB Context. The identification and characterisation of spectroscopic binaries with red-giant primaries in open clusters is important for a proper understanding of the colour-magnitude diagrams of the clusters. Moreover, the orbital eccentricities and axial rotations of these binaries are valuable probes into the inner structure and tidal interaction of the stars. Aims. We report on a comprehensive, long-term monitoring programme aiming to improve our knowledge of such binary systems. Methods. The radial velocities of 1309 red giants in 187 open clusters in the whole sky have been monitored with the CORAVEL and CfA spectrometers for 20 years, with a typical accuracy of 0.4 km s(-1) per observation. Results. In total, 289 spectroscopic binaries were detected in the sample. We present first orbits for 67 systems and improved elements for another 64 previously published orbits, based on additional observations. For completeness, 25 published orbits are listed as well. The orbits are based on a total of 4039 observations, an average of 26 per system. Orbital periods range from 41.5 to 14 722 days (40 yrs), eccentricities from 0.00 to 0.81. The remaining 133 systems have too long periods, too few observations, and/or inadequate phase coverage for an orbit determination at this time. Conclusions. This paper provides a dramatic increase in the body of homogeneous orbital data available for red-giant spectroscopic binaries in open clusters. It will form the basis for a comprehensive discussion of membership, kinematics, and stellar and tidal evolution in the parent clusters. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Niels Bohr Inst, Astron Grp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Nord Opt Telescope Sci Assoc, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Canarias, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. RP Mermilliod, JC (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. EM Jean-Claude.Mermilliod@epfl.ch NR 96 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 3 BP 829 EP 845 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078007 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OU UT WOS:000249958000021 ER PT J AU Revnivtsev, M Vikhlinin, A Sazonov, S AF Revnivtsev, M. Vikhlinin, A. Sazonov, S. TI Resolving the galactic ridge x-ray background SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : binaries : general; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : general; X-rays : stars; Galaxy : center ID 6.7-KEV IRON-LINE; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; CHANDRA CATALOG; GALAXY CLUSTERS; NUCLEAR BULGE; POINT SOURCES; EMISSION; STARS; ORIGIN; NUMBER AB We use Chandra deep observations of the Galactic Center ( GC) region to improve the constraints on the unresolved fraction of the Galactic ridge X-ray background in the 4-8 keV band. We emphasize the importance of correcting the measured source counts at low fluxes for bias associated with Poisson noise. We find that at distances of 2 '-4 ' from Sgr A* at least similar to 40% of the total X-ray emission in the energy band 4-8 keV originates from point sources with luminosities L2-10 keV > 10(31) erg s(-1). From a comparison of the source number-flux function in the GC region with the known luminosity function of faint X-ray sources in the Solar vicinity, we infer that Chandra has already resolved a large fraction of the cumulative contribution of cataclysmic variables to the total X-ray flux from the GC region. This comparison further indicates that most of the yet unresolved X-ray flux from the GC region (similar to 60%) is likely produced by weak cataclysmic variables and coronally active stars with L2-10 keV < 10(31) erg s(-1). We conclude that the bulk of the high energy Galactic X-ray background in this direction is produced by discrete sources, and that this is likely to be the case for the rest of the Galactic ridge. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Revnivtsev, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85740 Garching, Germany. EM mikej@mpa-garching.mpg.de NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 3 BP 857 EP 862 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066850 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OU UT WOS:000249958000023 ER PT J AU Kildea, J Atkins, RW Badran, HM Blaylock, G Bond, IH Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Carter-Lewis, DA Celik, O Chow, YCK Cui, W Cogan, P Daniel, MK Perez, ID Dowdall, C Duke, C Falcone, AD Fegan, DJ Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortson, LF Gall, D Gillanders, GH Grube, J Gutierrez, KJ Hall, J Hall, TA Holder, J Horan, D Hughes, SB Jordan, M Jung, I Kenny, GE Kertzman, M Knapp, J Konopelko, A Kosack, K Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Lloyd-Evans, J Millis, J Moriarty, P Nagai, T Ogden, PA Ong, RA Perkins, JS Petry, D Pizlo, F Pohl, M Quinn, J Quinn, M Rebillot, PF Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Syson, A Toner, JA Valcarcel, L Vassiliev, VV Wakely, SP Weekes, TC White, RJ AF Kildea, J. Atkins, R. W. Badran, H. M. Blaylock, G. Bond, I. H. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Carter-Lewis, D. A. Celik, O. Chow, Y. C. K. Cui, W. Cogan, P. Daniel, M. K. Perez, I. de la Calle Dowdall, C. Duke, C. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, D. J. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Fortson, L. F. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Grube, J. Gutierrez, K. J. Hall, J. Hall, T. A. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hughes, S. B. Jordan, M. Jung, I. Kenny, G. E. Kertzman, M. Knapp, J. Konopelko, A. Kosack, K. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Lloyd-Evans, J. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Nagai, T. Ogden, P. A. Ong, R. A. Perkins, J. S. Petry, D. Pizlo, F. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Quinn, M. Rebillot, P. F. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Syson, A. Toner, J. A. Valcarcel, L. Vassiliev, V. V. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. White, R. J. TI The Whipple Observatory 10 m gamma-ray telescope, 1997-2006 SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray astronomy; gamma-ray telescope; atmospheric Cherenkov effect; imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique; Whipple collaboration; VERITAS; GRANITE; imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope ID ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TELESCOPE; IMAGING TELESCOPE; GALACTIC-CENTER; TEV ENERGIES; EMISSION; SYSTEM; ARRAY; DISCOVERY; RADIATION; ASTRONOMY AB Details are presented of the Whipple Observatory's 10 m atmospheric Cherenkov telescope and camera, as it evolved during the period 1997 until 2006. The design of the telescope and camera's optical and electronic systems is discussed together with a detailed description of the four-stage GRANITE (Gamma-RAy New Imaging TElescope) upgrade program, undertaken during the same time period. The objective of the upgrade was to improve the telescope's sensitivity for the detection of very-high-energy gamma-rays. Results from the program are provided and are briefly discussed in the context of the design of VERITAS. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Tanta Univ, Dept Phys, Tanta, Egypt. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin, Ireland. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Galway, Ireland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kildea, J (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM jkildea@gmail.com RI Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; Hall, Jeter/E-9294-2015; OI Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 182 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.05.004 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 220BW UT WOS:000250132900002 ER PT J AU Pellegrini, S Baldi, A Kim, DW Fabbiano, G Soria, R Siemiginowska, A Elvis, M AF Pellegrini, S. Baldi, A. Kim, D. W. Fabbiano, G. Soria, R. Siemiginowska, A. Elvis, M. TI A deep Chandra look at the low-L-B elliptical NGC 821: X-ray binaries, a galactic wind, and emission at the nucleus SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : individual (NGC 821); galaxies : nuclei; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : ISM ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ALL-SKY SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; NEARBY GALAXIES; COOLING FLOWS AB The relatively nearby ( distance = 24.1Mpc) elliptical galaxy NGC 821, hosting a central massive black hole but inactive at all wavelengths, was observed with Chandra for a total exposure time of 230 ks in order to search for nuclear emission and gas available for accretion. Within its optical image, 41 sources were detected, with spectral properties typical of low-mass X-ray binaries ( LMXBs). The fractions of LMXBs in the field and in globular clusters were determined, together with their X-ray luminosity function ( XLF), down to L(0.3-8 keV) 2 x 10(37) ergs s(-1). At the galactic center a source of L( 0.3 - 8 keV) 6 x 10(38) ergs s(-1) was detected for the first time, slightly extended. Its spectral shape is quite hard (Gamma = 1.49(-0.13)(+0.14)) , without intrinsic absorption. It is surrounded by three sources with spectral shapes typical of LMXBs and luminosities on the brightest end of the XLF. One is consistent with being pointlike; the others could be the superposition of a few point sources and/or truly diffuse emission, with one resembling a jetlike feature. Diffuse emission was detected out to R similar to 30 '' and comes mostly from unresolved LMXBs, with aminor contribution from other types of stellar sources. Different lines of investigation consistently provide no evidence for hot gas. Hydrodynamical simulations show that stellar mass losses are driven out of NGC 821 in a wind sustained by Type Ia supernovae, but also hot accreting gas within a very small inner region. A companion paper presents further observational results from Spitzer and the Very Large Array ( VLA), and possible accretion modalities for this central massive black hole. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury, England. RP Pellegrini, S (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM silvia.pellegrini@unibo.it NR 89 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP 731 EP 748 DI 10.1086/520710 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213WY UT WOS:000249699200008 ER PT J AU Pellegrini, S Siemiginowska, A Fabbiano, G Elvis, M Greenhill, L Soria, R Baldi, A Kim, DW AF Pellegrini, S. Siemiginowska, A. Fabbiano, G. Elvis, M. Greenhill, L. Soria, R. Baldi, A. Kim, D. W. TI A deep Chandra, very large array, and Spitzer infrared array camera study of the very low luminosity nucleus of the elliptical NGC 821 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : individual (NGC 821); galaxies : nuclei; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : ISM ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; X-RAY-EMISSION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NONRADIATIVE ACCRETION FLOWS; COOLING FLOWS; LENTICULAR GALAXIES; RADIATIVE FEEDBACK; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE AB The relatively nearby ( distance = 24.1 Mpc) elliptical galaxy NGC 821 hosts an extreme example of a quiescent central massive black hole, for which deep Chandra observations revealed a nuclear source for the first time, with L(2-10) keV/L(Edd) similar to 10(-8). We present here a multiwavelength study of this nucleus, including Very Large Array ( VLA) observations that detect a radio counterpart to the Chandra nuclear source at 1.4 GHz, with a flux density of 127 mu Jy and possibly a flat spectral shape; we also consider new Spitzer Infrared Array Camera ( IRAC) observations and archival Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) images. With these data we discuss possible scenarios for the accretion modalities of the sole material that seems available for fueling, i.e., the stellar mass losses steadily replenishing the circumnuclear region. The final stages of accretion could be radiatively inefficient and coupled to a compact nuclear jet/outfow. The stellar mass losses could instead end up in a standard disk only if a Compton-thick active galactic nucleus ( AGN) is present. Two extended sources detected by Chandra close to the nucleus could be due to several unresolved knots in a jet. If a jet is present, however, its kinetic energy would be only a very small fraction of the energy associated with the rest mass of the material being accreted. Star formation close to the nucleus is not shown by the available data. Deeper Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer ( NICMOS) radio and far-IR observations are expected to further constrain the accretion process in this intriguing nucleus. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury, England. RP Pellegrini, S (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM silvia.pellegrini@unibo.it NR 99 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP 749 EP 759 DI 10.1086/520711 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213WY UT WOS:000249699200009 ER PT J AU Boroson, BS Vrtilek, SD Raymond, JC AF Boroson, Bram S. Vrtilek, Saeqa Dil Raymond, John C. TI Fuse observations of a full orbit of hercules X-1: Signatures of disk, star, and wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : neutron; ultraviolet : stars; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; COMPTON HEATED WINDS; ACCRETION DISKS; EMISSION-LINES; NEUTRON-STAR; BOWEN FLUORESCENCE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY; HZ HERCULIS; MULTIWAVELENGTH CAMPAIGN AB We observed an entire 1.7 day orbit of the X-ray binary Hercules X-1 with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). Changes in the O VI lambda lambda 1032, 1037 line profiles through eclipse ingress and egress indicate a Keplerian accretion disk spinning prograde with the orbit. These observations may show the first double-peaked accretion disk line profile to be seen in the Hercules X-1 system. Doppler tomograms of the emission lines show a bright spot offset from the Roche lobe of the companion star HZ Her, but no obvious signs of the accretion disk. Simulations show that the bright spot is too far offset from the Roche lobe to result from uneven X-ray heating of its surface. The absence of disk signatures in the tomogram can be reproduced in simulations including absorption from a stellar wind. We attempt to diagnose the state of the emitting gas from the C III lambda 977, C III lambda 1175, and N III lambda 991 emission lines. The latter may be enhanced through Bowen fluorescence. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Boroson, BS (reprint author), 10 Edgewood Lane, Woodstock, NY 12498 USA. EM bram.boroson@gmail.com; saku@head.cfa.harvard.edu; jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP 1087 EP 1110 DI 10.1086/520826 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213WY UT WOS:000249699200032 ER PT J AU Gelfand, JD Gaensler, BM AF Gelfand, Joseph D. Gaensler, B. M. TI The compact x-ray source 1E 1547.0-5408 and the radio shell G327.24-0.13: A new proposed association between a candidate magnetar and a candidate supernova remnant SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE iSM : individual (G327.24-0.13); stars : neutron; supernova remnants; X-rays : individual (1E 1547.0-5408); X-rays : stars ID GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; PULSAR 1E 1048.1-5937; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; INFRARED COUNTERPART; NEUTRON-STARS; 1RXS J170849.0-400910; XTE J1810-197; INNER GALAXY; GIANT FLARE AB We present new observations of the field centered on X-ray source 1E 1547.0-5408. Analysis of a new Chandra observation shows that it is unresolved at arcsecond resolution, and analysis of a new XMM-Newton observation shows that its X-ray spectrum is best described by an absorbed power-law and blackbody model. A comparison of the X-ray flux observed from 1E 1547.0-5408 between 1980 and 2006 reveals that its absorbed 0.5-10 keV X-ray flux decreased from similar to 2x10(-12) to similar to 3x10(-13) ergs cm(-2) during this period. The most recent XMM-Newton observation detected no pulsations from 1E 1547.0-5408, allowing us to put a 5 sigma confidence upper limit of 14% for the 0.5-10 keV peak-to-peak pulsed fraction for sinusoidal pulses with periods slower than 1.8 s. A near-infrared observation shows a magnitude K-s=15. 9 +/- 0.2 source near 1E 1547.0-5408, but the implied X-ray to infrared flux ratio indicates that it is an unrelated field source, limiting the IR magnitude of any counterpart to 1E 1547.0-5408 to greater than or similar to 17.5. Archival radio observations reveal that 1E 1547.0-5408 sits at the center of a faint, small radio shell, G327.24- 0.13, possibly a previously unidentified supernova remnant. The X-ray properties of 1E 1547.0-5408 suggest that it is a magnetar, and the spatial coincidence between this source and G327.24-0.13 suggests that 1E 1547.0-5408 is associated with a young supernova remnant, supporting a neutron star interpretation. If both the nature of 1E 1547.0-5408 and G327.24-0.13 and their physical association are confirmed, this pair will be an important addition to the small number of known associations between magnetars and supernova remnants. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 3006, Australia. RP Gelfand, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jgelfand@cfa.harvard.edu; bgaensler@usyd.edu.au RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Gelfand, Joseph/F-1110-2015; OI Gelfand, Joseph/0000-0003-4679-1058; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 62 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP 1111 EP 1118 DI 10.1086/520526 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213WY UT WOS:000249699200033 ER PT J AU Mandushev, G O'Donovan, FT Charbonneau, D Torres, G Latham, DW Bakos, GA Dunham, EW Sozzetti, A Fernandez, JM Esquerdo, GA Everett, ME Brown, TM Rabus, M Belmonte, JA Hillenbrand, LA AF Mandushev, Georgi O'Donovan, Francis T. Charbonneau, David Torres, Guillermo Latham, David W. Bakos, Gaspar A. Dunham, Edward W. Sozzetti, Alessandro Fernandez, Josem M. Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Everett, Mark E. Brown, Timothy M. Rabus, Markus Belmonte, Juan A. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. TI Tres-4: A transiting hot Jupiter of very low density SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities; techniques : spectroscopic ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; SURFACE GRAVITIES; HD 209458B; T-EFF; STARS; RADIUS AB We report the discovery of TrES-4, a hot Jupiter that transits the star GSC 02620-00648 every 3.55 days. From high-resolution spectroscopy of the star, we estimate a stellar effective temperature of K, and T-eff = 6100 +/- 150 from high- precision z and B photometry of the transit we constrain the ratio of the semimajor axis a and the stellar radius to be. We compare these values to model stellar isochrones to constrain the stellar radius R* to be a/R* = 6.03 +/- 0.13. mass to be. Based on this estimate and the photometric time series, we constrain the stellar M = 1.22 +/- 0.17 M-circle dot radius to be and the planet radius to be R* = 1.738 +/- 0.092R(circle dot) and th e planet radius to be R-p = 1.674 +/- 0.094 R-Jup.We model our radial velocity data assuming a circular orbit and find a planetary mass of 0.84 +/- 0.10 M-Jup. Our radial velocity observations rule out line-bisector variations that would indicate a specious detection resulting from a blend of an eclipsing binary system. TrES-4 has the largest radius and lowest density of any of the known transiting planets. It presents a challenge to current models of the physical structure of hot Jupiters and indicates that the diversity of physical properties among the members of this class of exoplanets has yet to be fully explored. C1 Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. RP Mandushev, G (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gmand@lowell.edu RI Rabus, Markus/B-8029-2009; O'Donovan, Francis/I-2423-2014; OI O'Donovan, Francis/0000-0002-4858-6106; Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 43 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP L195 EP L198 DI 10.1086/522115 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213XH UT WOS:000249700100020 ER PT J AU Manoj, P Ho, PTP Ohashi, N Zhang, QH Hasegawa, T Chen, HR Bhatt, HC Ashok, NM AF Manoj, P. Ho, Paul T. P. Ohashi, Nagayoshi Zhang, Qizhou Hasegawa, Tatsuhiko Chen, Huei-Ru Bhatt, H. C. Ashok, N. M. TI An evolved disk surrounding the massive main-sequence star MWC 297? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : early-type; stars : emission-line; Be; stars : individual (MWC 297) ID HERBIG AE/BE SYSTEMS; T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STARS; DUST; CONTINUUM; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; GAS; AURIGA; CLOUDS AB We present the results of the interferometric observations of the circumstellar disk surrounding MWC 297 in the continuum at 230 GHz (1.3 mm) and in the (J = 2-1) rotational transitions of (CO)-C-12, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18 using the Submillimeter Array. At a distance of 250 pc, MWC 297 is one of the closest, young massive stars ( M similar to 10 M-circle dot) to us. Compact continuum emission is detected toward MWC 297 from which we estimate a disk mass 10 M, (gas + dust) of and a disk radius of <= 80 AU. Our result demonstrates that circumstellar disks can survive 0.07 M-circle dot around massive stars well into their main-sequence phase even after they have become optically visible. Complementing our observations with the data compiled from the literature, we find the submillimeter dust opacity index beta to be between 0.1 and 0.3. If the emission is optically thin, the low value of beta indicates the presence of relatively large grains in the disk, possibly because of grain growth. We do not detect any CO emission associated with the continuum source. We argue that the (CO)-C-13 emission from the disk is likely optically thin, in which case we derive an upper limit to the gas mass that implies significant depletion of molecular gas in the disk. The mass of this disk and the evolutionary trends observed are similar to those found for intermediate-mass Herbig Ae stars and low-mass T Tauri stars. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. RP Manoj, P (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP L187 EP L190 DI 10.1086/522424 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213XH UT WOS:000249700100018 ER PT J AU Teixeira, PS Zapata, LA Lada, CJ AF Teixeira, Paula S. Zapata, Luis A. Lada, Charles J. TI A dense microcluster of Class 0 protostars in NGC 2264 D-MM1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; techniques : interferometric ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; OB1 MOLECULAR CLOUD; HIGH-MASS STARS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS; MILLIMETER; PROTOCLUSTERS; EMISSION; CLUSTERS; PHOTOMETRY; ARRAY AB We present sensitive and high angular resolution (similar to 1 '') 1.3 mm continuum observations of the dusty core D-MM1 in the Spokes cluster in NGC 2264 using the Submillimeter Array. A dense microcluster of seven Class 0 sources was detected in a 20 '' X 20 '' region with masses between 0.4 and 1.2 M-circle dot and deconvolved sizes of similar to 600 AU. We interpret the 1.3 mm emission as arising from the envelopes of the Class 0 protostellar sources. The mean separation of the 11 known sources (SMA Class 0 and previously known infrared sources) within D-MM1 is considerably smaller than the characteristic spacing between sources in the larger Spokes cluster and is consistent with hierarchical thermal fragmentation of the dense molecular gas in this region. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Inst D Luiz SIM, Lab Assoc, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Teixeira, PS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pteixeira@cfa.harvard.edu; lzapata@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; clada@cfa.harvard.edu RI Teixeira, Paula Stella/O-2289-2013 OI Teixeira, Paula Stella/0000-0002-3665-5784 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP L179 EP L182 DI 10.1086/522494 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213XH UT WOS:000249700100016 ER PT J AU Yoshida, N Omukai, K Hernquist, L AF Yoshida, Naoki Omukai, Kazuyuki Hernquist, Lars TI Formation of massive primordial stars in a reionized gas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; stars : formation ID POPULATION-III STARS; HOLE-FORMING SUPERNOVAE; COLD-DARK-MATTER; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; METAL-POOR STARS; 1ST STARS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; HII-REGIONS; STELLAR SOURCES; UNIVERSE AB We use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with unprecedented resolution to study the formation of primordial stars in an ionized gas at high redshifts. Our approach includes all the relevant atomic and molecular physics to follow the thermal evolution of a prestellar gas cloud to very high densities of similar to 10(18) cm(-3). We locate a star-forming gas cloud within a reionized region in our cosmological simulation. The gas cloud cools down to a few tens of kelvins by HD line cooling, and this is lower than possible by H-2 cooling only. Owing to the low temperature, the first runaway collapse is triggered when the gas cloud's mass is similar to 40 M-circle dot. We show that the cloud core remains stable against chemothermal instability and also against gravitational deformation throughout its evolution. Consequently, a single protostellar seed is formed, which accretes the surrounding hot gas at the rate. We carry out protostellar evolution calculations using the inferred accretion rate. The M >= 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1) resulting mass of the star when it reaches the zero-age main sequence is. Since the obtained M-ZAMS similar to 40 M circle dot. is as large as the mass of the collapsing parent cloud, the final stellar mass is likely close to this value. M-ZAMS Such massive, rather than exceptionally massive, primordial stars are expected to cause early chemical enrichment of the universe by exploding as black hole-forming super/hypernovae and may also be progenitors of high-redshift gamma- ray bursts. The elemental abundance patterns of recently discovered hyper-metal-poor stars suggest that they might have been born from the interstellar medium that was metal-enriched by the supernovae of these massive primordial stars. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yoshida, N (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011 NR 44 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/522202 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213XH UT WOS:000249700100001 ER PT J AU Burenin, RA Vikhlinin, A Hornstrup, A Ebeling, H Quintana, H Mescheryakov, A AF Burenin, R. A. Vikhlinin, A. Hornstrup, A. Ebeling, H. Quintana, H. Mescheryakov, A. TI The 400 square degree ROSAT PSPC galaxy cluster survey: Catalog and statistical calibration SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE catalogs; galaxies : clusters : general; surveys; X-rays : galaxies ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; REDSHIFT-DISTANCE SURVEY; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; BARYON MASS FUNCTION; N-LOG S; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC DATA; DENSITY PROFILE AB We present a catalog of galaxy clusters detected in a new ROSAT PSPC survey. The survey is optimized to sample, at high redshifts, the mass range corresponding to T > 5 keV clusters at z = 0. Technically, our survey is the extension of the 160 square degree survey (160d). We use the same detection algorithm, thus preserving high quality of the resulting sample; the main difference is a significant increase in sky coverage. The new survey covers 397 deg(2) and is based on 1610 high Galactic latitude ROSAT PSPC pointings, virtually all pointed ROSAT data suitable for the detection of distant clusters. The search volume for X-ray luminous clusters within z < 1 exceeds that of the entire local universe (z < 0: 1). We detected 287 extended X-ray sources with fluxes f > 1: 4; 10(-13) ergs s(-1) cm(-2) in the 0.5-2 keV energy band, of which 266 (93%) are optically confirmed as galaxy clusters, groups or individual elliptical galaxies. This paper provides a description of the input data, the statistical calibration of the survey via Monte Carlo simulations, and the catalog of detected clusters. We also compare the basic results to those from previous, smaller area surveys and find good agreement for the log N-log S distribution and the local X-ray luminosity function. Our sample clearly shows a decrease in the number density for the most luminous clusters at z > 0.3. The comparison of our ROSAT-derived fluxes with the accurate Chandra measurements for a subset of high-redshift clusters demonstrates the validity of the 400 square degree survey's statistical calibration. C1 Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow, Russia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Danish Natl Space Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. RP Burenin, RA (reprint author), Space Res Inst IKI, Profsoyuznaya 84-32, Moscow, Russia. EM burenin@hea.iki.rssi.ru NR 104 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 561 EP 582 DI 10.1086/519457 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 212HY UT WOS:000249588000001 ER PT J AU Springob, CM Masters, KL Haynes, MP Giovanelli, R Marinoni, C AF Springob, Christopher M. Masters, Karen L. Haynes, Martha P. Giovanelli, Riccardo Marinoni, Christian TI SFI++. II. A new I-BAND tully-fisher catalog, derivation of peculiar velocities, and data set properties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : fundamental parameters large scale structure of universe ID REDSHIFT-DISTANCE SURVEY; LOCAL CONVERGENCE DEPTH; 21-CM LINE MEASUREMENTS; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; SC GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ROTATIONAL WIDTHS; CLUSTER GALAXIES AB We present the SFI++ data set, a homogeneously derived catalog of photometric and rotational properties and the Tully-Fisher distances and peculiar velocities derived from them. We make use of digital optical images, optical longslit spectra, and global H I line profiles to extract parameters of relevance to disk scaling relations, incorporating several previously published data sets as well as a new photometric sample of some 2000 objects. According to the completeness of available redshift samples over the sky area, we exploit both a modified percolation algorithm and the Voronoi-Delaunay method to assign individual galaxies to groups as well as clusters, thereby reducing scatter introduced by local orbital motions. We also provide corrections to the peculiar velocities for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Malmquist bias, making use of the 2MASS Redshift Survey density field to approximate large-scale structure. We summarize the sample selection criteria, corrections made to raw observational parameters, the grouping techniques, and our procedure for deriving peculiar velocities. The final SFI++ peculiar velocity catalog of 4861 field and cluster galaxies is large enough to permit the study not just of the global statistics of large-scale flows but also of the details of the local velocity field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, UMR 6207, F-13288 Marseille, France. RP Springob, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.springob@nrl.navy.mil; kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu; haynes@astro.cornell.edu; riccardo@astro.cornell.edu; marinoni@cpt.univ-mrs.fr OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 56 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 599 EP 614 DI 10.1086/519527 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 212HY UT WOS:000249588000003 ER PT J AU Stauffer, JR Hartmann, LW Fazio, GG Allen, LE Patten, BM Lowrance, PJ Hurt, RL Rebull, LM Cutri, RM Ramirez, SV Young, ET Rieke, GH Gorlova, NI Muzerolle, JC Slesnick, CL Skrutskie, MF AF Stauffer, John R. Hartmann, Lee W. Fazio, Giovanni G. Allen, Lori E. Patten, Brian M. Lowrance, Patrick J. Hurt, Robert L. Rebull, Luisa M. Cutri, Roc M. Ramirez, Solange V. Young, Erick T. Rieke, George H. Gorlova, Nadya I. Muzerolle, James C. Slesnick, Cathy L. Skrutskie, Michael F. TI Near- and mid-infrared photometry of the pleiades and a new list of substellar candidate members SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Pleiades); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE; LITHIUM DEPLETION BOUNDARY; PROPER-MOTION MEMBERSHIP; BROWN DWARF CANDIDATES; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; INTERSTELLAR MATTER; OPEN CLUSTERS; ALPHA-PERSEI AB We make use of new near- and mid-IR photometry of the Pleiades cluster in order to help identify proposed cluster members. We also use the new photometry with previously published photometry to define the single-star main-sequence locus at the age of the Pleiades in a variety of color-magnitude planes. The new near- and mid-IR photometry extend effectively 2 mag deeper than the 2MASS All-Sky Point Source catalog, and hence allow us to select a new set of candidate very low-mass and substellar mass members of the Pleiades in the central square degree of the cluster. We identify 42 new candidate members fainter than K-s = 14 (corresponding to 0.1 M-circle dot). These candidate members should eventually allow a better estimate of the cluster mass function to be made down to of order 0.04M(circle dot). We also use new IRAC data, in particular the images obtained at 8 mu m, in order to comment briefly on interstellar dust in and near the Pleiades. We confirm, as expected, that-with one exception-a sample of low-mass stars recently identified as having 24 mu m excesses due to debris disks do not have significant excesses at IRAC wavelengths. However, evidence is also presented that several of the Pleiades high-mass stars are found to be impacting with local condensations of the molecular cloud that is passing through the Pleiades at the current epoch. C1 CALTECH, Spilzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Stauffer, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Spilzer Sci Ctr, Caltech 314-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 76 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 663 EP 685 DI 10.1086/518961 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 212HY UT WOS:000249588000008 ER PT J AU Kennedy, GM Kenyon, SJ Bromley, BC AF Kennedy, Grant M. Kenyon, Scott J. Bromley, Benjamin C. TI Planet formation around M-dwarfs: the moving snow line and super-Earths SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Stromlo Symposium on Disks, Winds and Jets - From Planets to Quasars CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA DE planetary systems; formation; planetary systems; protoplanetary disks; stars : evolution; stars : formation ID OLIGARCHIC GROWTH; MASS STARS; PLANETESIMALS; COAGULATION; ACCRETION; DISKS; DUST AB Planets result from a series of processes within a circumstellar disk. Evidence comes from the near planar orbits in the Solar System and other planetary systems, observations of newly formed disks around young stars, and debris disks around main-sequence stars. As planet-hunting techniques improve, we approach the ability to detect systems like the Solar System, and place ourselves in context with planetary systems in general. Along the way, new classes of planets with unexpected characteristics are discovered. One of the most recent classes contains super Earth-mass planets orbiting a few AU from low-mass stars. In this contribution, we outline a semi-analytic model for planet formation during the pre-main sequence contraction phase of a low-mass star. As the star contracts, the "snow line", which separates regions of rocky planet formation from regions of icy planet formation, moves inward. This process enables rapid formation of icy protoplanets that collide and merge into super-Earths before the star reaches the main sequence. The masses and orbits of these super-Earths are consistent with super-Earths detected in recent microlensing experiments. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kennedy, GM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM grant@mso.anu.edu.au; kenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; bromley@physics.utah.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Kennedy, Grant/0000-0001-6831-7547 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1-3 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9574-9 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219VD UT WOS:000250115400003 ER PT J AU Soria, R AF Soria, Robert TI Bridging the gap between stellar-mass black holes and ultraluminous X-ray sources SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Stromlo Symposium on Disks, Winds and Jets - From Planets to Quasars CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; X-rays : binaries ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; RXTE SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-STATE; NEARBY GALAXIES; XTE J1550-564; ACCRETION; BINARIES; NGC-1313; X-1 AB The X-ray spectral and timing properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have many similarities with the very high state of stellar-mass black holes (power-law dominated, at accretion rates greater than the Eddington rate). On the other hand, their cool disk components, large characteristic inner-disk radii and low characteristic timescales have been interpreted as evidence of black hole masses similar to 1000 M-circle dot (intermediate-mass black holes). Here we re-examine the physical interpretation of the cool disk model, in the context of accretion states of stellar-mass black holes. In particular, XTE J1550-564 can be considered the missing link between ULXs and stellar-mass black holes, because it exhibits a high-accretion-rate, low-disk-temperature state (ultraluminous branch). On the ultraluminous branch, the accretion rate is positively correlated with the disk truncation radius and the bolometric disk luminosity, while it is anti-correlated with the peak temperature and the frequency of quasi-periodic-oscillations. Two prototypical ULXs (NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2) also seem to move along that branch. We use a phenomenological model to show how the different range of spectral and timing parameters found in the two classes of accreting black holes depends on both their masses and accretion rates. We suggest that ULXs are consistent with black hole masses similar to 50-100 M-circle dot, moderately inefficiently accreting at approximate to 20 times Eddington. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Soria, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rsoria@cfa.harvard.edu NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1-3 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9599-0 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219VD UT WOS:000250115400029 ER PT J AU Madrid, JP Sparks, WB Harris, DE Perlman, ES Macchetto, D Biretta, J AF Madrid, Juan P. Sparks, William B. Harris, D. E. Perlman, Eric S. Macchetto, Duccio Biretta, John TI Deep Hubble space telescope ultraviolet imaging of the M87 jet SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Stromlo Symposium on Disks, Winds and Jets - From Planets to Quasars CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA DE galaxies : jets; galaxies : active; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD ID X-RAY-EMISSION; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB Near-ultraviolet imaging with HST offers the best possible spatial resolution currently available for optical/UV astronomical imaging. The giant elliptical galaxy M87 hosts one of the most spectacular, best studied and nearest (d=16 Mpc) galactic-scale relativistic (synchrotron emitting plasma) jets. We have extracted from the HST archive all 220 nm images of the jet of M87, taken with the STIS MAMA camera and co-added them to provide the deepest image ever at this wavelength. The combination of highest spatial resolution and long integration time, 42500 seconds, reveals a wealth of complex structure, knots, filaments and shocks. We compare this image with deep X-ray observations obtained with the Chandra X-ray telescope. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. European Space Agcy, Space Telescope Div, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Madrid, JP (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM madrid@stsci.edu OI Perlman, Eric/0000-0002-3099-1664 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1-3 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9528-2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219VD UT WOS:000250115400045 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA Harris, DE Landt, H Siemiginowska, A Marshall, HL Gelbord, JM Perlman, ES Georganopoulos, M Birkinshaw, M Worrall, DM Cheung, CC Stawarz, L Jorstad, SG Marscher, AP Uchiyama, Y Urry, CM AF Schwartz, D. A. Harris, D. E. Landt, H. Siemiginowska, A. Marshall, H. L. Gelbord, J. M. Perlman, E. S. Georganopoulos, M. Birkinshaw, M. Worrall, D. M. Cheung, C. C. Stawarz, L. Jorstad, S. G. Marscher, A. P. Uchiyama, Y. Urry, C. M. TI The X-ray jet and lobes of PKS 1354+195 (=4C 19.44) SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Stromlo Symposium on Disks, Winds and Jets - From Planets to Quasars CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA DE (Galaxies : ) quasars : individual (4C 19.44, PKS 1354+135); galaxies : jets; X-rays : individual (4C 19.44, PKS 1354+135); radio continuum : general; magnetic fields ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTENDED RADIO JETS; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; OBJECTS AB We present a Chandra image of the quasar, jet, and lobes of PKS 1354+195 (=4C 19.44). The radio jet is 18 arcsec long, and appears to be very straight. The length gives many independent spatial resolution elements in the Chandra image while the straightness implies that the geometrical factors are constant along the jet although their values are uncertain. We also have 4 frequency radio images with half to one arcsecond angular resolution, and use HST and Spitzer data to study the broad band spectral energy distributions. The X-ray and radio spectra are both consistent with a spectrum f(nu) alpha nu(-0.7) stop for the integrated jet. Using that spectral index, the model of inverse Compton scattering of electrons on the cosmic microwave background (IC/CMB) gives magnetic field strengths and Doppler factors that are relatively constant along the jet. Extended X-ray emission is evident in the direction of the otherwise unseen counter-jet. X-ray emission continues past the radio jet to the South, and is detected within both the southern and northern radio lobes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol, Avon, England. MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham, England. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL USA. GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NRAO, Charlottesville, VA USA. Boston Univ, IAR, Boston, MA 02215 USA. ISAS, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM das@cfa.harvard.edu RI Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013 OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9548-y PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219VD UT WOS:000250115400047 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, AM LaDeau, SL Marra, PP AF Kilpatrick, A. Marm LaDeau, Shannon L. Marra, Peter P. TI Ecology of west nile virus transmission and its impact on birds in the western hemisphere SO AUK LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CULEX-PIPIENS DIPTERA; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; AMERICAN CROWS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE C1 Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, MRC 5058, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kilpatrick, AM (reprint author), Consortium Conservat Med, 460 W 36th St,17th Floor, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM kilpatrick@conservationmedicine.org OI LaDeau, Shannon/0000-0003-4825-5435 NR 110 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1136 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1121:EOWNVT]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100001 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Marra, PP Wooller, MJ AF Greenberg, Russell Marra, Peter P. Wooller, Matthew J. TI Stable-isotope (C, N, H) analyses help locate the winter range of the coastal plain swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana nigrescens) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow; Emberizidae; Melospiza georgiana nigrescens; migratory connectivity; short-distance migration; stable isotopes; tidal marsh birds ID MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; MONARCH BUTTERFLIES; WILLOW WARBLERS; NATAL ORIGINS; CARBON; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN; POPULATIONS; SONGBIRD; REFLECT AB Some taxa of North American birds have unknown winter ranges, because of the difficulty in tracking individuals between seasons. Stable isotopes may provide clues to help locate these nonbreeding populations. Previously, no valid records existed for the Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana nigrescens) from October to late April. We used stable-isotope (C, N, and H) analyses to provide estimates of where molt occurs and then searched those areas for individuals of this species. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 of rump feathers were consistent with the Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow molting in more saline marshes than the nominate subspecies after the breeding season, which confirms what was already known. The values for the same isotopes from crown feathers revealed that winter molt in the Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow probably occurred in similar coastal brackish habitats. The delta D of crown feathers indicated that prebreeding molt occurred at latitudes between South Carolina and Virginia. A subsequent search of this region located 18 Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrows, all of which were found in North Carolina or southeastern Virginia. Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrows were found predominantly in brackish marshes similar to their breeding habitat. On the basis of these observations, it appears that Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrows undergo a short southerly migration to a coastal region with substantially warmer winter conditions. This study is the first to make a specific geographic prediction based on stable-isotope analysis and to test the prediction in the field. C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1137 EP 1148 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1137:SCNHAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100002 ER PT J AU Beltran, M Jiggins, CD Brower, AVZ Bermingham, E Mallet, J AF Beltran, Margarita Jiggins, Chris D. Brower, Andrew V. Z. Bermingham, Eldredge Mallet, James TI Do pollen feeding, pupal-mating and larval gregariousness have a single origin in Heliconius butterflies? Inferences from multilocus DNA sequence data SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; Ef1 alpha; mimicry; mtDNA; parsimony; phylogeny ID PASSION-VINE BUTTERFLIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA; LEPIDOPTERA-NYMPHALIDAE; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR GENE; LINKAGE MAP; EVOLUTION AB Phylogenetic information is useful in understanding the evolutionary history of adaptive traits. Here, we present a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for Heliconius butterflies and related genera. We use this tree to investigate the evolution of three traits, pollen feeding, pupal-mating behaviour and larval gregariousness. Phylogenetic relationships among 60 Heliconiina species (86% of the subtribe) were inferred from partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome oxidase II and 16S rRNA, and fragments of the nuclear genes elongation factor-1 alpha, apterous, decapentaplegic and wingless (3834 bp in total). The results corroborate previous hypotheses based on sequence data in showing that Heliconius is paraphyletic, with Laparus doris and Neruda falling within the genus, demonstrating a single origin for pollen feeding but with a loss of the trait in Neruda. However, different genes are not congruent in their placement of Neruda; therefore, monophyly of the pollen feeding species cannot be ruled out. There is also a highly supported monophyletic 'pupal-mating clade' suggesting that pupal mating behaviour evolved only once in the Heliconiina. Additionally, we observed at least three independent origins for larval gregariousness from a solitary ancestor, showing that gregarious larval behaviour arose after warning coloration. (C) 2007 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa AA 2072, Panama. UCL, Galton Lab, Dept Biol, London NW1 2HE, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Beltran, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa AA 2072, Panama. EM mbeltran@staffmail.ed.ac.uk RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008; Brower, Andrew/A-1341-2011; mallet, james/B-5114-2008; OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X; Brower, Andrew/0000-0001-6874-3589; Mallet, James/0000-0002-3370-0367 NR 79 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00830.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 211ZG UT WOS:000249562600003 ER PT J AU Glaubrecht, M Strong, EE AF Glaubrecht, Matthias Strong, Ellen E. TI Ancestry to an endemic radiation in Lake Tanganyika? Evolution of the viviparous gastropod Potadomoides Leloup, 1953 in the Congo River system (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea, Paludomidae) SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE evolutionary ecology; fluviatile fauna; species flock; thalassoid gastropods; uterine brooding; viviparity ID AFRICAN CICHLID FISHES; EAST-AFRICA; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; SPECIES FLOCK; THALASSOID GASTROPODS; EXPLOSIVE SPECIATION; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; ANCIENT LAKES; GREAT-LAKES AB Providing another spectacular model for understanding speciation and radiation, the origin of the gastropod species flock in Lake Tanganyika (with an estimated age of approximately 12 Myr) remained enigmatic to date. Although, for a long time, an in situ radiation was assumed, Lake Tanganyika could have functioned as a reservoir for ancient African lineages, implying that the now lacustrine taxa originiated elsewhere. However, the fluviatile gastropod fauna of adjacent river systems in Central and East Africa is only poorly known. Here, we provide conchological, anatomical, phylogenetical, and biogeographical data on the fluviatile genus Potadomoides Leloup, 1953, which was hitherto regarded as ancestral to the entire Tanganyika gastropod radiation. The type species Potadomoides pelseneeri is restricted to the delta region of the Malagarasi River east of Lake Tanganyika, whereas three congeneric species (Potadomoides bequaerti, Potadomoides hirta, and Potadomoides schoutedeni) inhabit the Congo River with its tributaries Lualaba and Luvua, west of the Tanganyikan Rift. We describe and document, with scanning electron microscopy, the ontogenetic development of embryos of this uterine brooder as well as the detailed reproductive anatomy. Phylogenetic analysis of 44 morphological characters (including adult and embryonic shell, operculum, radula, reproductive tract) for 15 paludomid taxa could not support monophyly of the Tanganyika species flock. Instead, we found two major lineages that colonized Lake Tanganyika independently, one comprising the Nassopsinae Kesteven, 1903 (= Lavigeriinae Thiele, 1925) with the riverine Potadomoides plus the lacustrine Lavigeria and Vinundu, the second comprising the riverine Cleopatra together with the rest of the lacustrine species (except for Tiphobia horei). The analysis identifies Potadomoides as paraphyletic, with the uterine brooder P. pelseneeri being the sister taxon to the uterine brooder Lavigeria plus the oviparous Vinundu, but not to the entire Tanganyika species flock. We reconstruct the independent evolution of an fluviolacustrine taxon Nassopsinae for which we evaluate the synapomorphic characters, in particular those of reproductive biology, and discuss systematic and evolutionary implications of repeated origin of (ovo-)viviparity in these limnic Cerithioidea. Finally, we outline a hypothesis on the evolutionary history of Potadomoides in the context of the gastropod radiation in Lake Tanganyika. (C) 2007 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Humboldt Univ, Museum Naturkunde, Dept Malacozool, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Glaubrecht, M (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Museum Naturkunde, Dept Malacozool, Invaliden Str 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. EM matthias.glaubrecht@museum.hu-berlin.de OI Strong, Ellen/0000-0001-7181-4114 NR 67 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 BP 367 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00867.x PG 35 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 211ZG UT WOS:000249562600014 ER PT J AU Dinerstein, E Klenzendorf, S O'Brien, T Mills, J Seidensticker, J Simons, R AF Dinerstein, Eric Klenzendorf, Sybille O'Brien, Tim Mills, Judy Seidensticker, John Simons, Ross TI Response from dinerstein and colleagues SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. Tiger Fund, Washington, DC USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Simons Associates, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Dinerstein, E (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM eric.dinerstein@wwfus.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 IS 9 BP 726 EP 726 DI 10.1641/B570923 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 221IS UT WOS:000250221200003 ER PT J AU Briceno, RD Eberhard, WG Robinson, AS AF Briceno, R. D. Eberhard, W. G. Robinson, A. S. TI Copulation behaviour of Glossina pallidipes (Diptera : Muscidae) outside and inside the female, with a discussion of genitalic evolution SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tsetse fly; genitalic evolution; sexual selection by cryptic female choice; sexually antagonistic coevolution ID TSETSE-FLIES GLOSSINA; LOCK-AND-KEY; MATING-BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL MORPHOLOGY; AUSTEN DIPTERA; MORSITANS; COURTSHIP; CHOICE; COLEOPTERA; OVULATION AB If species-specific male genitalia are courtship devices under sexual selection by cryptic female choice, then species-specific aspects of the morphology and behaviour of male genitalia should often function to stimulate the female during copulation. The morphology and behaviour of the complex, species-specific male genitalia of the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes Austen, were determined from both direct observations and dissections of flash-frozen copulating pairs; we found that some male genitalic traits probably function to stimulate the female, while others function to restrain her. The male clamps the ventral surface of the female's abdomen tightly with his powerful cerci. Clamping does not always result in intromission. Clamping bends the female's body wall and her internal reproductive tract sharply, posteriorly and dorsally, and pinches them tightly. The male performed sustained, complex, stereotyped, rhythmic squeezing movements with his cerci that were not necessary to mechanically restrain the female and appeared instead to have a stimulatory function. Six different groups of modified setae on and near the male's genitalia rub directly against particular sites on the female during squeezing. The designs of these setae correlate with the force with which they press on the female and the probable sensitivity of the female surfaces that they contact. As expected under the hypothesis that these structures are under sexual selection by female choice, several traits suspected to have stimulatory functions have diverged in G. pallidipes and its close relative, G. longipalpis. Additional male non-genitalic behaviour during copulation, redescribed more precisely than in previous publications, is also likely to have a courtship function. The elaborate copulatory courtship behaviour and male genitalia may provide the stimuli that previous studies showed to induce female ovulation and resistance to remating. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. IAEA, Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO IAEA Programme Nucl Tech Food & Agr, Agcy Labs, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 471 EP 488 DI 10.1017/S0007485307005214 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 233VE UT WOS:000251117600005 PM 17916266 ER PT J AU Wen, J Nie, ZL Soejima, A Meng, Y AF Wen, Jun Nie, Ze-Long Soejima, Akiko Meng, Ying TI Phylogeny of Vitaceae based on the nuclear GAI1 gene sequences (vol 85, pg 731, 2007) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Correction C1 [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Syst & Evolutionary Biol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Nie, Ze-Long; Meng, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Nie, Ze-Long; Meng, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Soejima, Akiko] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1018 EP 1018 DI 10.1139/B07-119 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 250ON UT WOS:000252310000014 ER PT J AU Pojeta, J Stott, CA AF Pojeta, John, Jr. Stott, Christopher A. TI Nucularcidae: a new family of palaeotaxodont Ordovician pelecypods (Mollusca) from North America and Australia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIVALVES; DIVERSIFICATION; STRATIGRAPHY; ARENIG; WALES; AREA AB The new Ordovician palaeotaxodont family Nucularcidae and the new genus Nicularca are described. Included in Nucularca are four previously described species that have taxodont dentition: N. cingulata (Ulrich) (the type species), N. pectunculoides (Hall), N. lorrainensis (Foerste), and N. gorensis (Foerste). All four species are of Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian; Katian) age and occur in eastern Canada and the northeastern USA. Ctenodonta borealis Foerste is regarded as a subjective synonym of Nucularca lorrainensis. No new species names are proposed. The Nucularcidae includes the genera Nucularca and Sthenodonta Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977). Sthenodonta occurs in central Australia in rocks of Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) age. The 12 family group names previously proposed for Ordovician palaeotaxodonts having taxodont dentition are reviewed and evaluated in the Appendix. C1 [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stott, Christopher A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Stott, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM castott@uwo.ca NR 95 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1479 EP 1501 DI 10.1139/E07-028 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240HT UT WOS:000251579400007 ER PT J AU Ashenberg, J AF Ashenberg, Joshua TI Mutual gravitational potential and torque of solid bodies via inertia integrals SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE mutual gravitational potential; mutual gravitational torque; inertia integrals ID ORDER AB The mutual gravitational potential and the mutual gravitational torque of two bodies of arbitrary shape are expanded to the fourth order. The derivations are based on Cartesian coordinates, inertia integrals with relation to the principal reference frames of each body, and the relative rotation matrix. The current formulation is convenient to utilize in high precision problems in rotational dynamics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ashenberg, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, MS 80, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM joshuaashenber@comcast.net NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10569-007-9092-7 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 213GU UT WOS:000249655700004 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Nylander, JAA Heraty, JM AF Buffington, Matthew L. Nylander, Johan A. A. Heraty, John M. TI The phylogeny and evolution of Figitidae (Hymenoptera : Cynipoidea) SO CLADISTICS LA English DT Article ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FORSTER HYMENOPTERA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; WASPS HYMENOPTERA; NUCLEOTIDE SITES; TREE-SEARCH; SUBSTITUTION; MORPHOLOGY; INFERENCE AB A phylogeny of the Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) is presented based on combined analysis of molecular (28S-D2 and D3, COI and 18S-E17-35), morphological and life-history data. Data are analyzed by parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Taxon sampling was held at a premium, and the resulting matrix contained 168 terminal taxa representing eight of nine subfamilies (Pycnostigminae not included) and all major subgroups of each subfamily. Alignment of the 28S D2 + D3 gene fragment based on a structural model resulted in the most defendable and least conflicting alignment tested. Melanips, previously classified in Figitinae, was consistently found to be the sister group of the Aspicerinae; Euceroptres, historically classified in Thrasorinae, frequently rendered that subfamily paraphyletic in these analyses. The general evolutionary trend is for early figitids to be parasitoids of gall inducing insects, with later host shifts occurring to exposed hosts associated with aphids. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2007. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Syst Entomol Lab, PO Box 37012,10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-3007 EI 1096-0031 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 403 EP 431 DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00153.x PG 29 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 216MC UT WOS:000249881100001 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, SP Basset, Y AF Ribeiro, Servio Pontes Basset, Yves TI Gall-forming and free-feeding herbivory along vertical gradients in a lowland tropical rainforest: the importance of leaf sclerophylly SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDAY DEPRESSION; SPECIES RICHNESS; DIOECIOUS SHRUB; PATTERNS; PLANTS; TREE; POPULATIONS; EFFICIENCY; ASTERACEAE; HOMOPTERA AB In contrast to most insect guilds, gall-forming insects are thought to reach highest diversity on sclerophyllous vegetation, such as Neotropical savannas and Mediterranean vegetation types. The water and nutrient stress endured by meristems of canopy trees in tall wet tropical rainforests may cause leaf sclerophylly. Hence, the upper canopies of such ecosystems may represent a suitable habitat for gall-forming insects. At the San Lorenzo Protected Area, Panama, we estimated free-feeding herbivory and gall densities within five sites in 2003 and 2004, by surveying leaves in vertical and horizontal transects. In each sample, we recorded leaf density (mature and young foliage), free-feeding herbivore damage and number of galls, including the presence of live larvae, parasitoids or fungi. We surveyed 43 994 leaves, including 231 plants and 73 tree and liana species. We collected 5014 galls from 17 host-plant species, including 32 gall species of which 59% were restricted to the canopy (overall infestation rates: 2.4% in 2003, 5.5% in 2004). In 2003, 16% of the galls were occupied by live larvae, against 5% in 2004. About 17-20% of leaves surveyed suffered from free-feeding herbivory. Leaf sclerophylly increased significantly with sampling height, while free-feeding herbivory decreased inversely. Conversely, the number of live galls collected in the canopy was 13-16 times higher than in the understorey, a pattern consistent across sites and years. Hence, the probability of gall survivorship increased with increasing leaf sclerophylly as death by fungi, parasitoids or accidental chewing were greater in the understorey. Increasing harsh ecophysiological conditions towards the upper canopy appear favourable to galls-forming population maintenance, in support of the hypothesis of harsh environment. Hence, gall diversity and abundance in the upper canopy of tall tropical forests are perhaps among the highest in the world. C1 Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Inst Ciencias Exatas & Biol, Lab Evolutionary Ecol Canopy Insects, NUPEB, BR-35400000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. RP Ribeiro, SP (reprint author), Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Inst Ciencias Exatas & Biol, Lab Evolutionary Ecol Canopy Insects, NUPEB, Campus Morro Cruzeiro, BR-35400000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. EM spribeiro@iceb.ufop.br RI Ribeiro, Servio/G-1887-2012; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 663 EP 672 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0906-7590.05083.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228KG UT WOS:000250728200005 ER PT J AU Cooke, R AF Cooke, Richard TI Guangala Fishers and Farmers SO ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Cooke, Richard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Cooke, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1461-4103 EI 1749-6314 J9 ENVIRON ARCHAEOL JI Environ. Archaeol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 216 EP 218 PG 3 WC Archaeology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA V31KH UT WOS:000208882000009 ER PT J AU Sheppard, PR Speakman, RJ Ridenour, G Glascock, MD Farris, C Witten, ML AF Sheppard, Paul R. Speakman, Robert J. Ridenour, Gary Glascock, Michael D. Farris, Calvin Witten, Mark L. TI Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt in surface dust of Fallon, Nevada SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Fallon; Nevada; childhood leukemia; tungsten; cobalt; surface dust chemistry ID CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA CLUSTER; HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION; HONG-KONG; LEAD; SOILS; URBAN; CONTAMINATION; VICINITY; CADMIUM; HEALTH AB Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt are described for surface dust of Fallon, Nevada, where a cluster of childhood leukemia has been ongoing since 1997. In earlier research, airborne tungsten and cobalt was shown to be elevated in total suspended particulates in Fallon. To fine-tune the spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt deposition in Fallon, surface dust was collected in a grid pattern within as well as outside of Fallon to establish background concentrations of metals. In surface dust, tungsten and cobalt show sharp peaks (934 ppm and 98 ppm, respectively) within Fallon just north of highway 50 and west of highway 95. These two peaks overlap spatially, and given the grid pattern used for collecting surface dust, the source area of these two airborne metals can be pinpointed to the vicinity of hard-metal industry located north of highway 50 and west of highway 95. Fallon is distinctive in west central Nevada because of high airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates, and given its cluster of childhood leukemia, it stands to reason that additional biomedical research is in order to test directly the leukogenicity of combined airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Museum Conservat Inst, Smithsonian Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sheppard, PR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sheppard@ltrr.arizona.edu OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10653-007-9085-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 213GZ UT WOS:000249656200005 PM 17345005 ER PT J AU Li, XY Weller, DE Gallegos, CL Jordant, TE Kim, HC AF Li, Xuyong Weller, Donald E. Gallegos, Charles L. Jordant, Thomas E. Kim, Hae-Cheol TI Effects of watershed and estuarine characteristics on the abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay subestuaries SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; NUTRIENT INPUTS; UNITED-STATES; RIVER ESTUARY; QUALITY; DISCHARGES AB Watershed land use can affect submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) by elevating nutrient and sediment loading to estuaries. We analyzed the effects of watershed use and estuarine characteristics on the spatial variation of SAV abundance among 101 shallow subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay during 1984-2003. Areas of these subestuaries range from 0.1 to 101 km(2), and their associated local watershed areas range from 6 to 1664 km(2). Watershed land cover ranges from 6% to 81% forest, 1% to 64% cropland, 2% to 38% grassland, and 0.3% to 89% developed land. Landscape analyses were applied to develop a number of subestuary metrics (such as subestuary area, mouth width, elongation ratio, fractal dimension of shoreline, and the ratio of local watershed area to subestuary area) and watershed metrics (such as watershed area). Using mapped data from aerial SAV surveys, we calculated SAV coverage for each subestuary in each year during 1984-2003 as a proportion of potential SAV habitat (the area < 2 m deep). The variation in SAV abundance among subestuaries was strongly linked with subestuary and watershed characteristics. A regression tree model indicated that 60% of the variance in SAV abundance could be explained by subestuary fractal dimension, mean tidal range, local watershed dominant land cover, watershed to subestuary area ratio, and mean wave height. Similar explanatory powers were found in wet and dry years, but different independent variables were used. Repeated measures ANOVA with multiple-mean comparison showed that SAV abundance declined with the dominant watershed land cover in the order: forested, mixed-undisturbed, or mixed-developed > mixed-agricultural > agricultural > developed. Change-point analyses indicated strong threshold responses of SAV abundance to point source total nitrogen and phosphorus inputs, the ratio of local watershed area to subestuary area, and septic system density in the local watershed. C1 [Li, Xuyong; Weller, Donald E.; Gallegos, Charles L.; Jordant, Thomas E.; Kim, Hae-Cheol] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Li, XY (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 674 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM lix@si.edu OI Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166; Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 77 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 840 EP 854 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249BH UT WOS:000252201300008 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA AF Baeza, J. Antonio TI Sex allocation in a simultaneously hermaphroditic marine shrimp SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE fitness-gain curves; hermaphrodite; sex allocation; shrimp; size dependent ID LYSMATA-WURDEMANNI CARIDEA; PROTANDRIC SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITE; WORM OPHRYOTROCHA-DIADEMA; SPERM COMPETITION; TRADE-OFF; LYMNAEA-STAGNALIS; FEMALE FUNCTION; ENERGY BUDGETS; LIFE-HISTORY; POND SNAIL AB Two fundamental questions dealing with simultaneous hermaphrodites are how resources are optimally allocated to the male and female function and what conditions determine shifts in optimal sex allocation with age or size. In this study, I explored multiple factors that theoretically affect fitness gain curves (that depict the relationship between sex-specific investment and fitness gains) to predict and test the overall and size-dependent sex allocation in a simultaneously hermaphroditic brooding shrimp with an early male phase. In Lysmata wurdemanni, sperm competition is absent as hermaphrodites reproducing in the female role invariably mated only once with a single other shrimp. Shrimps acting as females preferred small over large shrimps as male mating partners, male mating ability was greater for small compared to large hermaphrodites, and adolescent males were predominant in the population during the breeding season. In addition, brooding constraints were not severe and varied linearly with body size whereas the ability to acquire resources increased markedly with body size. Using sex allocation theory as a framework, the findings above permitted to infer the shape of the male and female fitness gain curves for the hermaphrodites. The absence of sperm competition and the almost unconstrained brooding capacity imply that both curves saturate, however the male curve levels off much more quickly than the female curve with increasing level of investment. In turn, the predominance of adolescent males in the population implies that the absolute gain of the female curve is greater than that of the male curve. Last, the size-dependent female preference and male mating ability of hermaphrodites determines that the absolute gain of the male curve is greater for small than for large hermaphrodites. Taking into consideration the inferred shape of the fitness gain curves, two predictions with respect to the optimal sex allocation were formulated. First, overall sex allocation should be female biased; it permits hermaphrodites to profit from the female function that provides a greater fitness return than the male function. Second, sex allocation should be size-dependent with smaller hermaphrodites allocating more than proportionally resources to male reproduction than larger ones. This size-dependent sex allocation permits hermaphrodites to profit from male mating opportunities that are the greatest at small body sizes. Size-dependent sex allocation is also expected because the male fitness gain curve decelerates more quickly than the female gain curve and experiments indicated that resources are greater for large than small hermaphrodites. These two predictions were tested when determining the sex allocation of hermaphrodites by dissecting their gonad and quantifying ovaries versus testes mass. Supporting the predictions above, hermaphrodites allocated, on average, 118 times more to the female than to the male gonad and the proportion of resources devoted to male function was higher in small than in large hermaphrodites. A trade-off between male and female allocation is assumed by theory but no negative correlation between male and female reproductive investment was observed. In L. wurdemanni, the relationship between sex-specific investment and fitness changes during ontogeny in a way that is consistent with an adjustment of sex allocation to improve size-specific reproductive success. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM baezaa@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 10 BP 2360 EP 2373 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00199.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 216MU UT WOS:000249882900009 PM 17714503 ER PT J AU Bai, XM Adolf, JE Bachvaroff, T Place, AR Coats, DW AF Bai, Xuemei Adolf, Jason E. Bachvaroff, Tsvetan Place, Allen R. Coats, D. Wayne TI The interplay between host toxins and parasitism by Amoebophrya SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE amoebophrya; karlodinium veneficum; karlotoxin; parasitism ID DINOFLAGELLATE AMOEBOPHRYA; RED-TIDE; KARLODINIUM-VENEFICUM; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; GRAZING RESPONSES; OXYRRHIS-MARINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; 2 STRAINS; PHYTOPLANKTON; DINOPHYCEAE AB The parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya sp. ex Karlodinium veneficum was used to test two hypotheses: (1) infection of cells decreases with increasing host toxicity and (2) parasitism causes the catabolism of host toxin. To test the first hypothesis, host strains differing in toxin content were inoculated with dinospores of Ainoebophrya sp. derived from infected cultures of toxic and non-toxic K. veneficum, with resulting infections assessed following 24-h incubations. Contrary to expectations, infection of K. veneficum by Amoebophrya sp. was positively correlated with host toxicity. To examine the second hypothesis, synchronous infection with >80% of cells being parasitized was induced using a toxic strain of K. veneficum, and total toxin concentration (intracellular plus extracellular levels of KmTX1) was followed over the 3-day infection cycle. Toxin content ml(-1) increased with growth of K. veneficum in uninfected control cultures, but declined in infected cultures as the parasite completed its life cycle. On a cellular basis, toxin content of infected and uninfected cultures differed little during the experiment, suggesting that the parasite does not actively catabolise host toxin. Rather, infection appears to promote degradation of toxins via death of host cells and subsequent bacterial activity. Results indicate that Amoebophrya sp. ex. K. veneficum has greater potential to impact toxic strains relative to non-toxic host strains in natural systems. Thus, Amoebophrya sp. ex. K. veneficum may limit the occurrence of toxic K. veneficum blooms in marine and estuarine environments, while simultaneously functioning as a pathway for dissipation of host toxin. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Coats, DW (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM coatsw@si.edu RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013 NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2007 VL 6 IS 5 BP 670 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.01.003 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 213QG UT WOS:000249681600006 ER PT J AU Havvis, DC Mook, MS Carter, T Snyder, LM AF Havvis, Donald C. Mook, Margaret S. Carter, Tristan Snyder, Lynn M. TI Excavations at Azoria, 2003-2004, Part 2 - The Final Neolithic, Late Prepalatial, and Early Iron Age occupation SO HESPERIA LA English DT Review ID EAST CRETE; KAVOUSI; SETTLEMENT; VROKASTRO; CYCLADES; AREA AB This article constitutes the second of two reports on fieldwork conducted at Azoria in eastern Crete during the 2003 and 2004 excavation seasons. Evidence of Final Neolithic and Early Iron Age occupation and traces of Late Prepalatial activity were found underlying the Archaic civic buildings on the South Acropolis, particularly along the southwest terrace. The recovery of substantial Final Neolithic architectural and habitation remains contributes to our understanding of the 4th millennium in eastern Crete. Stratigraphic excavations have also clarified the spatial extent of the settlement from Late Minoan IIIC to the Late Geometric period, and brought to light evidence for the transition from the Early Iron Age to the Archaic period, and the transformation of the site in the 7th century B.C. C1 [Havvis, Donald C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Class, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mook, Margaret S.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Class Studies Program Foreign Languages & Literat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Carter, Tristan] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada. [Snyder, Lynn M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Havvis, DC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Class, 212 Murphey Hall,CB 3145, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dchaggis@email.unc.edu; msmook@lastate.edu; stringy@univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca; snyderl@si.edu NR 145 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PI PRINCETON PA 6-8 CHARLTON STREET, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-5232 USA SN 0018-098X J9 HESPERIA JI Hesperia PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 BP 665 EP 716 PG 52 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 257WP UT WOS:000252829900002 ER PT J AU Castro, EA Trejos, DE Berovides-Alvarez, V Arias, TD Ramos, CW AF Castro, Edgardo A. Trejos, Diomedes E. Berovides-Alvarez, Vicente Arias, Tomas D. Ramos, Carlos W. TI Genetic polymorphism and forensic parameters of nine short tandem repeat loci in Ngobe and Embera Amerindians of Panama SO HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STR loci; CSF1PO; TPOX; TH01; F13A01; FESFPS; VWA; D16S539; D7S820; D13S317; genetic diversity; forensic parameters; paternity parameters; Panamanian Amerindians; Ngobe amerindians; Embera amerindians ID STR LOCI; DNA DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; FREQUENCIES; COLOMBIA; MITOCHONDRIAL; ADMIXTURE; NGAWBE; MEXICO AB Nine STR loci (CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01, FESFPS, VWA, D16S539, D7S820, and D13S317) were analyzed in unrelated Ngobe and Embera Amerindians of Panama. The chi-square test demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) in the allele frequencies for all markers except one (D16S539; P < 0.01). Both populations shared their alleles with the highest frequencies in seven loci. However, there were also noticeable differences at the TPOX locus, which showed its highest frequencies at alleles 11 (0.48) and 6 (0.54) for the Ngobe and Embera, respectively. Interestingly, these alleles are present in one population and are absent in the other, suggesting that they could be distinctive for each population. These results demonstrate that, despite the fact that each population belongs to a different linguistic stock [Chibchan (Ngobe) and Chocoan (Embera)], both retain strong similarities in their allele-frequency distributions. Three loci (TPOX, VWA, and F13A01) in the Ngobe and two loci (TH01 and TPOX) in the Embera departed from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The analysis of the STR markers demonstrates that, despite their low levels of genetic polymorphisms, most of them could be informative for forensic purposes, showing a combined power of discrimination of 0.9999 for both Amerindian populations. However, powers of exclusion in the Ngobe were very low, particularly at the TH01 (0.04) and FESFPS (0.08) loci. The combined powers of exclusion were 0.9338 and 0.9890 for the Ngobe and the Embera, respectively. Furthermore, the combined typical paternity index in the Ngobe was considerably low (2.58), and in the Embera it was 40.44, which is also very low. The low genetic polymorphism levels suggest that the use of additional loci supplementing the battery of the nine loci is recommended for paternity and forensic tests in both populations, particularly for the Ngobe. C1 [Castro, Edgardo A.; Ramos, Carlos W.] Univ Panama, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, Panama City, Panama. [Trejos, Diomedes E.] Panama City, Publ Minist, Legel Med Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Berovides-Alvarez, Vicente] Univ La Habana, Fac Biol, Lab Genet Ecol, Havana, Cuba. [Arias, Tomas D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Castro, EA (reprint author), Univ Panama, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, Panama City, Panama. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WAYNE STATE UNIV PRESS PI DETROIT PA 4809 WOODWARD AVE, DETROIT, MI 48201-1309 USA SN 0018-7143 J9 HUM BIOL JI Hum. Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 563 EP 577 PG 15 WC Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity GA 290CZ UT WOS:000255102100008 PM 18478971 ER PT J AU Lisse, CM Dennerl, K Christian, DJ Wolk, SJ Bodewits, D Zurbuchen, TH Hansen, KC Hoekstra, R Combi, M Fry, CD Dryer, M Makinen, T Sun, W AF Lisse, C. M. Dennerl, K. Christian, D. J. Wolk, S. J. Bodewits, D. Zurbuchen, T. H. Hansen, K. C. Hoekstra, R. Combi, M. Fry, C. D. Dryer, M. Maekinen, T. Sun, W. TI Chandra observations of comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the Deep Impact campaign SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comet Tempel-1; comets; coma; comets; plasma; solar wind; spectroscopy ID X-RAY-EMISSION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; SOLAR-WIND IONS; TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; COMET 9P/TEMPEL-1; GRIGG-SKJELLERUP; REAL-TIME; C/1999 S4; SPECTROMETER AB We present results from the Chandra X-ray Observatory's extensive campaign studying Comet 9P/Tempel 1 (T1) in support of NASA's Deep Impact (DI) mission. T1 was observed for similar to 295 ks between 30th June and 24th July 2005, and continuously for similar to 64 ks on July 4th during the impact event. X-ray emission qualitatively similar to that observed for the collisionally thin Comet 2P/Encke system [Lisse, C.M., Christian, D.J., Dennerl, K., Wolk, S.J., Bodewits, D., Hoekstra, R., Combi, MR, Makinen, T., Dryer, M., Fry, C.D., Weaver, H., 2005b. Astrophys. J. 635 (2005) 1329-1347] was found, with emission morphology centered on the nucleus and emission lines due to C, N, O, and Ne solar wind minor ions. The comet was relatively faint on July 4th, and the total increase in X-ray flux due to the Deep Impact event was small, similar to 20% of the immediate pre-impact value, consistent with estimates that the total coma neutral gas release due to the impact was 5 x 10(6) kg (similar to 10 It of normal emission). No obvious prompt X-ray flash due to the impact was seen. Extension of the emission in the direction of outflow of the ejecta was observed, suggesting the presence of continued outgassing of this material. Variable spectral features due to changing solar wind flux densities and charge states were clearly seen. Two peaks, much stronger than the man-made increase due to Deep Impact, were found in the observed X-rays oil June 30th and July 8th, 2005, and are coincident with increases in the solar wind flux arriving at the cornet. Modeling of the Chandra data using observed gas production rates and ACE solar wind ion fluxes with a CXE mechanism for the emission is consistent, overall, with the temporal and spectral behavior expected for a slow, hot wind typical of low latitude emission from the solar corona interacting with the comet's neutral coma, with intermittent impulsive events due to solar flares and coronal mass ejections. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Space, Appl Phys Lab, Planetary Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rijk Univ Gronigen, KVI Atom Phys, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lisse, CM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Space, Appl Phys Lab, Planetary Explorat Grp, 1110 Johns Hopkinds Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM carey.lisse@jhuapl.edu RI Hoekstra, Ronnie/E-9279-2012; Hansen, Kenneth/F-3693-2011; Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Hansen, Kenneth/0000-0002-8502-1980; Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Bodewits, Dennis/0000-0002-2668-7248; Christian, Damian/0000-0003-1746-3020 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2007 VL 190 IS 2 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.004 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 216KW UT WOS:000249877900007 ER PT J AU Niven, JE AF Niven, Jeremy E. TI Ghost in the machine? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Niven, JE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. EM jen22@cam.ac.uk RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 19 BP V EP V DI 10.1242/jeb.001149 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 211IM UT WOS:000249517500006 ER PT J AU Cernusak, LA Winter, K Aranda, J Turner, BL Marshall, JD AF Cernusak, Lucas A. Winter, Klaus Aranda, Jorge Turner, Benjamin L. Marshall, John D. TI Transpiration efficiency of a tropical pioneer tree (Ficus insipida) in relation to soil fertility SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope; oxygen isotope; soil fertility; transpiration efficiency; tropical tree ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; NOCTURNAL STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; LEAF WATER; PREDAWN DISEQUILIBRIUM; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; PLANT RESPIRATION; FRENCH-GUIANA; GAS-EXCHANGE AB The response of whole-plant water-use efficiency, termed transpiration efficiency (TE) to variation in soil fertility was assessed in a tropical pioneer tree, Ficus insipida Willd. Measurements of stable isotope ratios (delta C-13, delta O-18, delta N-15), elemental concentrations (C, N, P), plant growth, instantaneous leaf gas exchange, and whole-plant water use were used to analyse the mechanisms controlling TE. Plants were grown individually in 19 l pots with non-limiting soil moisture. Soil fertility was altered by mixing soil with varying proportions of rice husks, and applying a slow release fertilizer. A large variation was observed in leaf photosynthetic rate, mean relative growth rate (RGR), and TE in response to experimental treatments; these traits were well correlated with variation in leaf N concentration. Variation in TE showed a strong dependence on the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 mole fractions (c(i)/c(a)); both for instantaneous measurements of c(i)/c(a) (R-2=0.69, P < 0.0001, n=30), and integrated estimates based on C isotope discrimination (R-2=0.88, P < 0.0001, n=30).On the other hand, variations in the leaf-to-air humidity gradient, unproductive water loss, and respiratory C use probably played only minor roles in modulating TE in the face of variable soil fertility. The pronounced variation in TE resulted from a combination of the strong response of c(i)/c(a) to leaf N, and inherently high values of c(i)/c(a) for this tropical tree species; these two factors conspired to cause a 4-fold variation among treatments in (1-c(i)/c(a)), the term that actually modifies TE. Results suggest that variation in plant N status could have important implications for the coupling between C and water exchange in tropical forest trees. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Cernusak, LA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, PO Box 084303092, Balboa, Panama. EM cernusakl@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Cernusak, Lucas/A-6859-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Cernusak, Lucas/0000-0002-7575-5526 NR 75 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 58 IS 13 BP 3549 EP 3566 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm201 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 239GH UT WOS:000251506300006 PM 18057036 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, E. E. TI Torymidae (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) associated with bees (Apoidea), with a list of chalcidoid bee parasitoids SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; MONODONTOMERUS-OBSOLETUS; PTEROMALUS-VENUSTUS; ALMOND; LEUCOSPIDAE; POLLINATOR; FABRICIUS; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY AB Thirty-one species of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are associated with bees. In this review each is keyed and discussed, and geographic ranges and hosts are given. Most species are illustrated. Torymids represent about one-fourth of the 135 species of Chalcidoidea associated with bees. Two summary lists are presented for all chalcidoids, including Torymidae, and the 216 bee species with which they are associated. One is arranged as a bee/parasitoid list and the other as a parasitoid/bee list. C1 USDA, PSI, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), USDA, PSI, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 234 EP 265 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 217RB UT WOS:000249963900002 ER PT J AU Neufeld, MJ AF Neufeld, Michael J. TI Near miss: The Army Air Forces' guided bomb program in World War II SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Natl Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Neufeld, MJ (reprint author), Natl Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1278 EP 1279 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 218MQ UT WOS:000250020000063 ER PT J AU Taori, K Matthew, S Rocca, JR Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Taori, Kanchan Matthew, Susan Rocca, James R. Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Lyngbyastatins 5-7, potent elastase inhibitors from Floridian marine cyanobacteria, Lyngbya SPP SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID PROTEASE INHIBITORS; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; DOLASTATIN-13; ANALOG; BLOOM AB Three new analogues of dolastatin 13, termed lyngbyastatins 5-7 (1-3), were isolated from two different collections of marine cyanobacteria, Lyngbya spp., from South Florida. Their planar structures were deduced by a combination of NMR techniques, and the absolute configurations were established by modified Martey's analysis of the acid hydrolyzates. The related cyclodepsipeptide somamide B (4), previously reported from a Fijian cyanobacterium, has also been found in one of the extracts, and its absolute stereochemistry was unambiguously assigned for the first time. Compounds 1-4 were found to selectively inhibit elastase over several other serine proteases, with IC50 values for porcine pancreatic elastase ranging from 3 to 10 nM. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, McKnigh Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu RI Matthew, Susan/E-3817-2012 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1593 EP 1600 DI 10.1021/np0702436 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 225ZA UT WOS:000250555700009 PM 17910513 ER PT J AU Tamura, Y Tani, K Chang, Q Shukuno, H Kawabata, H Ishizuka, O Fiske, RS AF Tamura, Y. Tani, K. Chang, Q. Shukuno, H. Kawabata, H. Ishizuka, O. Fiske, R. S. TI Wet and dry basalt magma evolution at torishima volcano, izu-bonin arc, japan: the possible role of phengite in the downgoing slab SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arc volcano; degrees of melting; mantle wedge; water; wet and dry basalts ID MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; PRECISION PB ISOTOPES; HIGH-ALUMINA BASALTS; ISLAND-ARC; MANTLE WEDGE; PHASE-RELATIONS; OCEANIC-CRUST; MARIANA ARC; CONSTRAINTS; WATER AB The arc-front volcanoes of Sumisu (31.5 degrees N, 140 degrees E) and Torishima (30.5 degrees N, 140.3 degrees E) in the central Izu-Bonin arc are similar in size and rise as relatively isolated edifices from the seafloor. Together they provide valuable along-arc information about magma generation processes. The volcanoes have erupted low-K basalts originating from both wet and dry parental basaltic magmas (low-Zr basalts and high-Zr basalts, respectively). Based on models involving fluid-immobile incompatible element ratios (La/Sm), the parental basalts appear to result from different degrees of partial melting of the same source mantle (similar to 20% and similar to 10% for wet and dry basalt magmas, respectively). Assuming that the wet basalts contain greater abundances of slab-derived components than their dry counterparts, geochemical comparison of these two basalt types permits the identification of the specific elements involved in fluid transport from the subducting slab. Using an extensive set of new geochemical data from Torishima, where the top of the downgoing slab is about 100 km deep, we find that Cs, Pb, and Sr are variably enriched in the low-Zr basalts, which cannot be accounted for by fractional crystallization or by differences in the degree of mantle melting. These elements are interpreted to be selectively concentrated in slab- derived metasomatic fluids. Variations in K, high field strength element and rare earth element concentrations are readily explained by variations in the degree of melting between the low- and high-Zr basalts; these elements are not contained in the slab- derived fluids. Rb and Ba exhibit variable behaviour in the low- Zr basalts, ranging from immobile, similar to K, to mildly enriched in some low- Zr basalts. We suggest that the K- rich mica, phengite, plays an important role in determining the composition of fluids released from the downgoing slab. In arc-front settings, where slab depth is <= 100 km, phengite is stable, and the fluids released from the slab contain little K. In back-arc settings, however, where the slab is at 100-140 km depth, phengite is unstable, and K-rich fluids are released. We conclude that cross-arc variations in the K content of arc basalts are probably related to differing compositions of released fluids or melts rather than the widely held view that such variations are controlled by the degree of partial melting. C1 Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci Technol, Ins Res Earth Evolut, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Inst Geosci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Tamura, Y (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci Technol, Ins Res Earth Evolut, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. EM tamuray@jamstec.go.jp OI Tani, Kenichiro/0000-0003-3374-8608 NR 67 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1999 EP 2031 DI 10.1093/petrology/egm048 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 215QC UT WOS:000249823100006 ER PT J AU Krause, GH Jahns, P Virgo, A Garcia, M Aranda, J Wellmann, E Winter, K AF Krause, G. Heinrich Jahns, Peter Virgo, Aurelio Garcia, Milton Aranda, Jorge Wellmann, Eckard Winter, Klaus TI Photoprotection, photosynthesis and growth of tropical tree seedlings under near-ambient and strongly reduced solar ultraviolet-B radiation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 assimilation; growth; photoinhibition of photosystem II; photosynthetic pigments; tropical tree seedlings (Calophyllum longifolium and Tetragostris panamensis) ID UV-B; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; OZONE DEPLETION; BRASSICA-NAPUS; SHADE LEAVES; ABSORBING COMPOUNDS; XANTHOPHYLL-CYCLE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; HIGHER-PLANTS; FOREST GAPS AB Seedlings of two late-successional tropical rainforest tree species, Tetragastris panamensis (Engler) O. Kuntze and Calophyllum longifolium (Willd.), were field grown for 3-4 months at an open site near Panama City (9 degrees N), Panama, under plastic films that either transmitted or excluded most solar UV-B radiation. Experiments were designed to test whether leaves developing under bright sunlight with strongly reduced UV-B are capable of acclimating to near-ambient UV-B conditions. Leaves of T panamensis that developed under near-ambient UV-B contained higher amounts of UV-absorbing substances than leaves of seedlings grown under reduced JV-B. Photosynthetic pigment composition, content of alpha-tocopherol, CO2 assimilation, potential photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (evaluated by F-v/F-m ratios) and growth of T panamensis and C. longifolium did not differ between seedlings developed under near-ambient and reduced solar UV-B. When seedlings were transferred from the reduced UV-B treatment to the near-ambient UV-B treatment, a pronounced inhibition of photosynthetic capacity was observed initially in both species. UV-B-mediated inhibition of photosynthetic capacity nearly fully recovered within 1 week of the transfer in C. longifolium, whereas in T panamensis an about 35% reduced capacity of CO2 uptake was maintained. A marked increase in UV-absorbing substances was observed in foliage of transferred T panamensis seedlings. Bothspecies exhibited enhanced mid-day photoinhibition of PSII immediately after being transferred from the reduced UV-B to the near-ambient UV-B treatment. This effect was fully reversible within 1d in T panamensis and within a few days in C. longifolium. The data show that leaves of these tropical tree seedlings, when developing in full-spectrum sunlight, are effectively protected against high solar UV-B radiation. In contrast, leaves developing under conditions of tow UV-B lacked sufficient UV protection. They experienced a decline in photosynthetic competence when suddenly exposed to near-ambient UV-B levels, but exhibited pronounced acclimative responses. (C) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. Alt rights reserved. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol Bot 2, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Krause, GH (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem, Univ Str 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM ghkrause@uni-duesseldorf.de NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 164 IS 10 BP 1311 EP 1322 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.09.004 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 224IC UT WOS:000250439700007 PM 17074417 ER PT J AU Biani, NB Wcislo, WT AF Biani, Natalia B. Wcislo, William T. TI Notes on the reproductive morphology of the parasitic bee Megalopta byroni (Hymenoptera : Halictidae), and a tentative new host record SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; SPECIES HYMENOPTERA; APOIDEA; WASPS; OVARIOLES; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; OVARIES; OOCYTES C1 Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Biani, NB (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM nataliab@mail.utexas.edu; WcisloW@si.edu NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 392 EP 394 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 232BL UT WOS:000250993000012 ER PT J AU Capaldi, EA Flynn, CJ Wcislo, WT AF Capaldi, Elizabeth A. Flynn, Corey J. Wcislo, William T. TI Sex ratio and nest observations of Euglossa hyacinthina (Hymenoptera : Apidae : Euglossini) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORCHID BEES; BIOLOGY C1 Bucknell Univ, Program Anim Behav, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Neural Basis Cognit, Dept Sci Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Capaldi, EA (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol & Program Anim Behav, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM ecapaldi@bucknell.edu; wcislow@si.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.2317/0022-8567(2007)80[395:SRANOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 232BL UT WOS:000250993000013 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA AF Baeza, J. Antonio TI No effect of group size on sex allocation in a protandric-simultaneous hermaphroditic shrimp SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article ID LYSMATA-WURDEMANNI CARIDEA; SPERM COMPETITION; MARINE SHRIMP; FEMALE ALLOCATION; MALE-PHASE; HIPPOLYTIDAE; DECAPODA; MODELS; SELECTION; SUCCESS AB Lysmata wurdemanni is a protandric-simultaneous hermaphroditic shrimp. Individuals reproduce as males first and late in life as simultaneous hermaphrodites. I examined whether sex allocation (resources devoted to ova vs sperm) varies with group size in shrimps that have just matured as hermaphrodites. Focal males were reared with different numbers of hermaphrodites (1, 2, 5 or 10). Sperm stored in the ejaculatory ducts and eggs brooded underneath the abdomen were retrieved and weighted immediately after focal shrimps matured as hermaphrodites. Hermaphrodites should invest more into sperm with increasing group size to cope with more intense sperm competition. The proportion of focal shrimps that lost their first clutch of eggs after maturing as hermaphrodites increased with group size. This suggests male gender preferences by hermaphrodites experiencing large group sizes. No differences in sex allocation among group sizes were recorded for shrimps that did not lose their first clutch of eggs. Thus, group size does not affect sex allocation in terms of ova and sperm mass. This lack of phenotypic plasticity might be explained if sperm competition is not important in L. wurdemanni. It should not pay in terms of fitness for shrimps to produce and inseminate female-role hermaphrodites with large amounts of sperm when full paternity is assured in the absence of multimale mating. In agreement with this idea, a second experiment demonstrated that female-role hermaphrodites invariably mated only once with a single other shrimp. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM baezaa@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1174 DI 10.1017/S0025315407057542 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 229WO UT WOS:000250837100019 ER PT J AU Laube, S Zotz, G AF Laube, Stefan Zotz, Gerhard TI A metapopulation approach to the analysis of long-term changes in the epiphyte vegetation on the host tree Annona glabra SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado island; density dependence; occupancy frequency distribution; patch dynamics; population growth rate ID PALM SOCRATEA-EXORRHIZA; BARRO-COLORADO-ISLAND; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT DESTRUCTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; FOREST; COLONIZATION; SIZE; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE AB Question: Do vascular epiphyte species have a metapopulation structure? What are the qualitative and quantitative long-term changes of the complete vascular epiphyte vegetation in a particular host tree species? Location: Lowland forest on Barro Colorado Island (9 degrees 10' N, 79 degrees 51' W), Republic of Panama. Methods: In 1994 and 2002 we conducted a census of all vascular epiphytes growing on more than 1000 Annona glabra trees (= patches). Epiphyte species abundances were recorded at the tree level in each census. Results: The number of epiphyte individuals increased from ca. 15000 to ca. 23700 individuals during the census interval while the species composition on Annona glabra as a whole was rather stable. There was a strong positive relationship between occurrence in patches and local abundance of the species, and between species richness and host tree stand size. The dynamics of local populations of a given species were uncorrelated to each other; small and large local populations of most species had the same probability to go extinct. The frequency distribution of species on all host trees was not bimodal, but on a subset of heavily colonized host tree stands it was. Numbers of species and individuals were correlated with tree size which was not due to a correlation of tree size and tree age. Conclusions: As far as the most abundant epiphyte species with metapopulation structures are concerned, these species belong to diverse families, e. g. Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae and Polypodiaceae. Even ca. 80 years after the initial establishment of the host tree species in the study area epiphytes are still in the stage of initial colonization and have not reached a steady state as indicated by the strong increase in individuals and the ongoing colonization of empty trees. C1 Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, DE-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laube, S (reprint author), Univ Kaiserslautern, DE-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM s.laube@web.de NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 613 EP 624 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02575.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 193SA UT WOS:000248293400001 ER PT J AU West, KL Oftedal, OT Carpenter, JR Krames, BJ Campbell, M Sweeney, JC AF West, K. L. Oftedal, O. T. Carpenter, J. R. Krames, B. J. Campbell, M. Sweeney, J. C. TI Effect of lactation stage and concurrent pregnancy on milk composition in the bottlenose dolphin SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops; milk composition; nutrition; lactation; Cetacea ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; NUTRIENT DEPOSITION; CYSTOPHORA-CRISTATA; PHOCA-GROENLANDICA; ST-LAWRENCE; HOODED SEAL; WHALE; ENERGETICS; GROWTH; PUPS AB Although many toothed whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti) lactate for 2-3 years or more, it is not known whether milk composition is affected by lactation stage in any odontocete species. We collected 64 pooled milk samples spanning 1-30 months postpartum from three captive bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Milks were assayed for water, fat, crude protein (TN x 6.38) and sugar; gross energy was calculated. Ovulation and pregnancy were determined via monitoring of milk progesterone. Based on analysis of changes in milk composition for each individual dolphin, there were significant increases (P < 0.05) in fat (in all three dolphins) and crude protein (in two of three), and a decrease (P < 0.05) in water (in two of three) over the course of lactation, but the sugar content did not change. In all three animals, the energy content was positively correlated with month of lactation, but the percentage of energy provided by crude protein declined slightly but significantly (P < 0.05). At mid-lactation (7-12 months postpartum, n=17), milk averaged 73.0 +/- 1.0% water, 12.8 +/- 1.0% fat, 8.9 +/- 0.5% crude protein, 1.0 +/- 0.1% sugar, 1.76 +/- 0.09 kcal g(-1) (=7.25 kJ g(-1)) and 30.3 +/- 1.3% protein:energy per cent. This protein:energy per cent was surprisingly high compared with other cetaceans and in relation to the growth rates of calves. Milk progesterone indicated that dolphins ovulated and conceived between 413 and 673 days postpartum, following an increase in milk energy density. The significance of these observed compositional changes to calf nutrition will depend on the amounts of milk produced at different stages of lactation, and how milk composition and yield are influenced by sampling procedure, maternal diet and maternal condition, none of which are known. C1 Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Culpeper, VA USA. Bermuda Maritime Museum, Dolphin Quest Bermuda, Mangrove Bay, MA, Bermuda. Dolphin Quest Quest Global Management, San Diego, CA USA. RP West, KL (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM kwest@hpu.edu NR 78 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 273 IS 2 BP 148 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00309.x PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 215SH UT WOS:000249828800005 ER PT J AU Condit, R Le Boeuf, BJ Morris, PA Sylvan, M AF Condit, Richard Le Boeuf, Burney J. Morris, Patricia A. Sylvan, Marshall TI Estimating population size in asynchronous aggregations: A Bayesian approach and test with elephant seal censuses. SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mirounga angustirostris; breeding asyrichrony; pinniped colony size; elephant seal population; inverse modeling; Gibbs sampler; Bayesian ID REPRODUCTIVE SYNCHRONY; CONSEQUENCES; SUCCESS; PHENOLOGY; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY; COUNTS; COLONY; RATES; PUPS AB Many organisms reproduce in temporary aggregations where estimates of colony size can be made by direct counts. When individuals are not synchronous, however, early breeders depart before the last arrive, so counts underestimate the total breeding population. We present a model describing a colony's census as a function of arrival, breeding tenure, and the correlation between them, and we use it to illustrate how variance in arrival and tenure affect the census. Counts of breeding female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) from 1975 to 2007 were used to test the model. Four of the model's parameters-population size, mean and variance of arrival date, and the correlation between arrival date and breeding tenure-could be estimated from census data using a Bayesian approach; prior estimates of two other parameters-mean tenure and its variance-had to be used to avoid overparameterization. The model's predictions fit observed censuses well and produced reliable estimates of population size and arrival behavior, showing that the maximum census was 8%-16% below the total number of breeding females. This method could be used for estimating abundance in any asynchronous aggregation, given independent information on one of the defining distributions: arrival, tenure, or departure. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Condit, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM conditr@gmail.com NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 834 EP 855 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00141.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 219LQ UT WOS:000250087100005 ER PT J AU Dalebout, ML Baker, CS Steel, D Robertson, KM Chivers, SJ Perrin, WF Mead, JG Grace, RV Schofield, TD AF Dalebout, Merel L. Baker, C. Scott Steel, Debbie Robertson, Kelly M. Chivers, Susan J. Perrin, William F. Mead, James G. Grace, Roger V. Schofield, T. David, Jr. TI A divergent mtDNA lineage among Mesoplodon beaked whales: Molecular evidence for a new species in the tropical Pacific? SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SP N. CETACEA; ZIPHIIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; DOLPHINS C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1000, New Zealand. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NOAA, Pacific Isl Reg Off Protected Resources Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Dalebout, ML (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM m.dalebout@unsw.edu.au NR 38 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 954 EP 966 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00143.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 219LQ UT WOS:000250087100012 ER PT J AU Archie, EA Hollister-Smith, JA Poole, JH Lee, PC Moss, CJ Maldonado, JE Fleischer, RC Alberts, SC AF Archie, Elizabeth A. Hollister-Smith, Julie A. Poole, Joyce H. Lee, Phyllis C. Moss, Cynthia J. Maldonado, Jesus E. Fleischer, Robert C. Alberts, Susan C. TI Behavioural inbreeding avoidance in wild African elephants SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African elephant; inbreeding; kin recognition; mate choice; microsatellites; relatedness ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; KIN RECOGNITION; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; INDIVIDUAL RECOGNITION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; GENETIC-MARKERS; POPULATION; SUCCESS AB The costs of inbreeding depression, as well as the opportunity costs of inbreeding avoidance, determine whether and which mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance evolve. In African elephants, sex-biased dispersal does not lead to the complete separation of male and female relatives, and so individuals may experience selection to recognize kin and avoid inbreeding. However, because estrous females are rare and male-male competition for mates is intense, the opportunity costs of inbreeding avoidance may be high, particularly for males. Here we combine 28 years of behavioural and demographic data on wild elephants with genotypes from 545 adult females, adult males, and calves in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, to test the hypothesis that elephants engage in sexual behaviour and reproduction with relatives less often than expected by chance. We found support for this hypothesis: males engaged in proportionally fewer sexual behaviours and sired proportionally fewer offspring with females that were natal family members or close genetic relatives (both maternal and paternal) than they did with nonkin. We discuss the relevance of these results for understanding the evolution of inbreeding avoidance and for elephant conservation. C1 Ctr Conservat & Evolut Genet, Smithsonian Inst, NZP, NMNH, Washington, DC USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. Amboseli Trust Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Durham, Dept Biol, Durham DH1 3HP, England. RP Archie, EA (reprint author), Smithsonian Genet Program, 3001 CT Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM archiee@si.edu OI Lee, Phyllis/0000-0002-4296-3513 NR 69 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 19 BP 4138 EP 4148 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03483.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 215SO UT WOS:000249829500015 PM 17784925 ER PT J AU Musiani, M Leonard, JA Cluff, HD Gates, C Mariani, S Paquet, PC Vila, C Wayne, RK AF Musiani, Marco Leonard, Jennifer A. Cluff, H. Dean Gates, Cormack Mariani, Stefano Paquet, Paul C. Vila, Carles Wayne, Robert K. TI Differentiation of tundra/taiga and boreal coniferous forest wolves: genetics, coat colour and association with migratory caribou SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Canis lupus; foraging ecology; gene flow; grey wolf; migratory behaviour; phylogeography ID WOLF CANIS-LUPUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; MICROSATELLITE DATA; BIASED DISPERSAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREY WOLVES; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION AB The grey wolf has one of the largest historic distributions of any terrestrial mammal and can disperse over great distances across imposing topographic barriers. As a result, geographical distance and physical obstacles to dispersal may not be consequential factors in the evolutionary divergence of wolf populations. However, recent studies suggest ecological features can constrain gene flow. We tested whether wolf-prey associations in uninterrupted tundra and forested regions of Canada explained differences in migratory behaviour, genetics, and coat colour of wolves. Satellite-telemetry data demonstrated that tundra wolves (n = 19) migrate annually with caribou (n = 19) from denning areas in the tundra to wintering areas south of the treeline. In contrast, nearby boreal coniferous forest wolves are territorial and associated year round with resident prey. Spatially explicit analysis of 14 autosomal microsatellite loci (n = 404 individuals) found two genetic clusters corresponding to tundra vs. boreal coniferous forest wolves. A sex bias in gene flow was inferred based on higher levels of mtDNA divergence (F-ST = 0.282, 0.028 and 0.033; P < 0.0001 for mitochondrial, nuclear autosomal and Y-chromosome markers, respectively). Phenotypic differentiation was substantial as 93% of wolves from tundra populations exhibited light colouration whereas only 38% of boreal coniferous forest wolves did (chi(2) = 64.52, P < 0.0001). The sharp boundary representing this discontinuity was the southern limit of the caribou migration. These findings show that substantial genetic and phenotypic differentiation in highly mobile mammals can be caused by prey-habitat specialization rather than distance or topographic barriers. The presence of a distinct wolf ecotype in the tundra of North America highlights the need to preserve migratory populations. C1 Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Genet Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolut Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada. Univ Coll Dublin, Marine Biodiversity Ecol & Evolut, Dublin, Ireland. RP Wayne, RK (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM rwayne@ucla.edu RI Mariani, Stefano/A-2964-2012; Vila, Carles/H-4893-2013; Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010 OI Mariani, Stefano/0000-0002-5329-0553; Vila, Carles/0000-0002-4206-5246; Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819 NR 128 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 11 U2 94 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 19 BP 4149 EP 4170 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03458.x PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 215SO UT WOS:000249829500016 PM 17725575 ER PT J AU Betancur-R, R Arturo, AP Bermingham, E Cooke, R AF Betancur-R, Ricardo Arturo, Acero P. Bermingham, Eldredge Cooke, Richard TI Systematics and biogeography of New World sea catfishes (Siluriformes : Ariidae) as inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological evidence SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE sea catfishes; Ariidae; phylogeny; systematics; biogeography; molecular evidence; morphological evidence ID PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; EASTERN PACIFIC; GENE-SEQUENCES; FISHES; TELEOSTEI; CLADES; RECONSTRUCTION; NOTARIUS; OTOPHYSI; SUPPORT AB Ariid or sea catfishes include around 150 species that inhabit marine, brackish, and freshwater environments along world's tropical and subtropical continental shelves. Phylogenetic relationships for 46 New World and three Old World species of ariids were hypothesized using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference reconstruction criteria on 2842 mitochondrial (cytochrome b, ATP synthase 8 and 6, ribosomal 12S and 16S) and 978 nuclear (rag2) nucleotide sites. The molecular topologies were compared to a previously compiled morphological data-set that was expanded herein to a total of 25 ariid species and 55 characters. Mitochondrial data yielded clades highly resolved at subfamilial, generic, and intrageneric levels. Nuclear rag2 reconstructions showed poor resolution at supra- and intrageneric levels, but provided support for the monophyly of most genera (except A riopsis and Cathorops) as well as for the subfamilial clades. The hypothesized phylogeny derived from the morphological data was congruent with the molecular topologies at infrafamilial and generic levels. As indicated by the statistical tests of topological congruence, Kailola's phylogenetic hypothesis of ariids based on anatomical data is significantly different from our molecular trees. All reconstructions agree in the division of the Ariidae into two subfamilies, the Ariinae and the monogeneric Galeichthyinae. Basal ariine resolution was negligible suggesting that early diversification events occurred rapidly. The three Indo-Pacific taxa were grouped into a clade, but New World ariines were never recovered as monophyletic. We provide a revised classification for New World ariines examined, which is consistent with the molecular and the morphological evidence. Our classification scheme includes the genera Ariopsis, Bagre, Cathorops, Notarius, Potamarius, and Sciades, and the description of two new genus-level taxa (Occidentarius n. gen and Precathorops n. subgen.). We also hypothesize plausible biogeographic scenarios that explain distributional patterns of major ariid lineages. Diversification of the predominantly circumtropical ariines likely occurred throughout the Tethys Sea, whereas speciation events in the subtropical galeichthyines were probably tied to the southern coast of Gondwana. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Santa Marta, Colombia. RP Betancur-R, R (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM betanri@auburn.edu RI Betancur-R., Ricardo/A-7276-2009 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 339 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.022 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 221UQ UT WOS:000250253200026 PM 17475516 ER PT J AU Pounds, KA Wilkes, BJ AF Pounds, K. A. Wilkes, B. J. TI Comparison of high- and low-state X-ray spectra in the type 1.5 quasi-stellar object 2MASS 0918+2117 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : general; galaxies : individual : 2MASS 0918+2117; quasars : general; X-ray : galaxies ID XMM-NEWTON; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; IONIZED OUTFLOW; ABSORPTION; LINE; VARIABILITY; PG1211+143 AB When observed by XMM - Newton in 2003, the type 1.5 quasi- stellar object 2MASS0918+ 2117 was found to be in a low state, with an X- ray flux approximately four to five times fainter than during an earlier Chandra observation. The 2 - 6 keV spectrum was unusually hard ( photon index Gamma similar to 1.25), with evidence for a reflection- dominated continuum, while a soft excess visible below similar to 1 keV prevented confirmation of the anticipated low energy absorber. In a second XMM - Newton observation in 2005, the X- ray flux is found to have recovered, with a 2 - 10 keV continuum spectrum now typical of a broad- line active galaxy (Gamma similar to 2) and a deficit of flux below similar to 1 keV indicative of continuum absorption in a column N-H similar to 4 x 10(21) cm(-2). We find the preferred ionization state of the absorbing gas to be low, which then leaves a residual soft excess of similar spectral form and flux to that found in the 2003 XMM - Newton observation. Although observed at different epochs, we note that dust in the absorbing column could also explain the red nucleus and strong optical polarization of 2MASS 0918+2117. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pounds, KA (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM kap@le.ac.uk OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 4 BP 1341 EP 1347 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12205.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218IW UT WOS:000250010200004 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, E Sanderson, AJR Ponman, TJ AF O'Sullivan, Ewan Sanderson, Alastair J. R. Ponman, Trevor J. TI The dark haloes of early-type galaxies in low-density environments: XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of NGC 57, 7796 and IC 1531 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular; cD; galaxies : individual : NGC 57; galaxies : individual : IC 1531; galaxies : individual : NGC 7796; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY LUMINOSITIES; TO-LIGHT RATIO; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; HOT GAS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; NEARBY GROUPS; MASS; CLUSTER; MATTER; SAMPLE AB We present analysis of Chandra and XMM - Newton observations of three early- type galaxies, NGC 57, 7796 and IC 1531. All three are found in very low- density environments, and appear to have no neighbours of comparable size. NGC57 has a halo of kT similar to 0.9 keV, solar metallicity gas, while NGC 7796 and IC 1531 both have similar to 0.55 keV, 0.5-0.6 Z(circle dot) haloes. IC 1531 has a relatively compact halo, and we consider it likely that gas has been removed from the system by the effects of active galactic nucleus heating. For NGC 57 and 7796 we estimate mass, entropy and cooling time profiles and find that NGC 57 has a fairly massive dark halo with a mass- to- light ratio ( M/ L) of 44.7(-8.5)(+4.0) M-circle dot/L-B circle dot (1 sigma uncertainties) at 4.75r(e). This is very similar to the M/ L found for NGC 4555 and confirms that isolated ellipticals can possess sizable dark 10.6(-2.3)(+2.5) M-circle dot/LB circle dot at 5r(e), and discuss the possibility that NGC 7796 hosts a galactic wind, causing us to underestimate its mass. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP O'Sullivan, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM eosullivan@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 4 BP 1409 EP 1421 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12229.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218IW UT WOS:000250010200009 ER PT J AU Lopes, PAA AF Lopes, P. A. A. TI Empirical photometric redshifts of luminous red galaxies and clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; OPTICALLY SELECTED CLUSTERS; DETECTION ALGORITHMS; CATALOG; IV; SYSTEMS; COLORS; SAMPLE; PLANE; LRG AB In this work I discuss the necessary steps for deriving photometric redshifts for luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and galaxy clusters through simple empirical methods. The data used are from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). I show that with three bands only (gri) it is possible to achieve results as accurate as the ones obtained by other techniques, generally based on more filters. In particular, the use of the (g - i) colour helps improving the final redshifts (especially for clusters), as this colour monotonically increases up to z similar to 0.8. For the LRGs I generate a catalogue of similar to 1.5 million objects at z < 0.70. The accuracy of this catalogue is sigma 0.027 for z <= 0.55 and sigma = 0.049 for 0.55 < z <= 0.70. The photometric redshift technique employed for clusters is independent of a cluster selection algorithm. Thus, it can be applied to systems selected by any method or wavelength, as long as the proper optical photometry is available. When comparing the redshift listed in literature to the photometric estimate, the accuracy achieved for clusters is sigma = 0.024 for z <= 0.30 and sigma = 0.037 for 030 < z <= 0.55. However, when considering the spectroscopic redshift as the mean value of SDSS galaxies on each cluster region, the accuracy is at the same level as found by other authors: sigma = 0.011 for z <= 0.30 and sigma = 0.016 for 030 < z <= 0.55. The photometric redshift relation derived here is applied to thousands of cluster candidates selected elsewhere. I have also used galaxy photometric redshifts available in SDSS to identify groups in redshift space and then compare the redshift peak of the nearest group to each cluster redshift. This procedure provides an alternative approach for cluster selection, especially at high redshifts, as the cluster red sequence may be poorly defined. C1 Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Astrofis CEA, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lopes, PAA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Astrofis CEA, Ave Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM paal05@gmail.com RI Lopes, Paulo/B-3055-2013 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 4 BP 1608 EP 1620 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12203.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218IW UT WOS:000250010200026 ER PT J AU Pecio, A Burns, JR Weitzrnan, SH AF Pecio, Anna Burns, John R. Weitzrnan, Stanley H. TI Comparison of spermiogenesis in the externally fertilizing Hemigrammus erythrozonus and the inseminating Corynopoma riisei (Teleostei : Characiformes : Characidae) SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nuclear rotation; aquasperm; introsperm; characids ID FINE-STRUCTURE; SOUTH-AMERICA; FISH; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SPERMATOZOON; TESTIS; GLANDULOCAUDINAE; OSTARIOPHYSI; MORPHOLOGY; BIOLOGY AB Spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure were analyzed in two species of characids with different modes of fertilization: externally fertilizing Hemigrammus erythrozonus and inseminating Corynopoma riisei. Spermiogenesis in H. erythrozonus is characterized by lateral development of the flagellum, nuclear rotation, formation of a shallow nuclear fossa, condensation of the chromatin by elimination of the electron-lucent area from the peripheral region of the nucleus, and renewal of the nuclear membrane. Multilammelated membrane and multivesicular bodies were also observed during elimination of the excess cytoplasm. The spermatozoon exhibits characters typical of "aquasperm," i.e. a spherical head containing a spherical nucleus with highly condensed chromatin, several small mitochondria located at the base of the nucleus within a cytoplasmic collar that extends into a long cytoplasmic sleeve surrounding the anterior part of the single flagellum, which is contained within a cytoplasmic canal. The flagellum lacks fins. The proximal and distal centrioles are nearly parallel to one another, with the anterior tips of both located within shallow nuclear fossae. Spermiogenesis in C riisei is characterized by nuclear elongation alongside the forming flagellum, formation of an elongate cytoplasmic canal, displacement and elongation of the mitochondria, and uniform condensation of chromatin throughout the nucleus through enlargement of the diameter of the chromatin granules. The spermatozoon has an elongate nucleus with two elongate mitochondria localized to one side. Mitochondria are also located posterior to the nucleus forming a mitochondrial region. The single flagellum, which lacks fins, is lateral to the nucleus and initially contained within the greatly elongate cytoplasmic canal before exiting the canal at its posterior terminus. The spermatozoon of C riisei exhibits several characters typical of "introsperm," such as an elongate nucleus and midpiece (mitochondrial region). The nuclear chromatin in the spermatozoon remains "flocculent"' and is never as condensed as that seen in many characid sperm. Differences in spermiogenesis between externally fertilizing and inseminating characids are discussed. C1 [Pecio, Anna] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Zool, Dept Compan Anat, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland. [Burns, John R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Weitzrnan, Stanley H.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pecio, A (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Zool, Dept Compan Anat, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland. EM anna.pecio@uj.edu.pl; jrbums@gwu.edu; weitzmans@si.edu NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 457 EP 470 DI 10.1590/S1679-62252007000400005 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 250KP UT WOS:000252299100005 ER PT J AU Finkbeiner, DP Weiner, N AF Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Weiner, Neal TI Exciting dark matter and the INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV signal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION RADIATION; GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; MILKY-WAY; KEV EMISSION; SPI; CONSTRAINTS; SPECTRUM; LINE AB We propose a dark matter candidate with an "excited state" 1-2 MeV above the ground state, which may be collisionally excited and deexcites by e(+) e(-) pair emission. By converting its kinetic energy into pairs, such a particle could produce a substantial fraction of the 511 keV line observed by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory/SPI in the inner Milky Way. Only a small fraction of the dark matter candidates have sufficient energy to excite, and that fraction drops sharply with galactocentric radius, naturally yielding a radial cutoff, as observed. Even if the scattering probability in the inner kpc is << 1% per Hubble time, enough power is available to produce the similar to 3 x 10(42) pairs per second observed in the galactic bulge. We specify the parameters of a pseudo-Dirac fermion designed to explain the positron signal, and find that it annihilates chiefly to e(+) e(-) and freezes out with the correct relic density. We discuss possible observational consequences of this model. C1 [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weiner, Neal] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Finkbeiner, DP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 43 TC 199 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 8 AR 083519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.083519 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 226XI UT WOS:000250621400039 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Finkbeiner, DP Dobler, G AF Hooper, Dan Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Dobler, Gregory TI Possible evidence for dark matter annihilations from the excess microwave emission around the center of the Galaxy seen by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAYS; HALOS AB The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) experiment has revealed an excess of microwave emission from the region around the center of our Galaxy. It has been suggested that this signal, known as the "WMAP haze," could be synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons and positrons generated in dark matter annihilations. In this article, we revisit this possibility. We find that the angular distribution of the WMAP haze matches the prediction for dark matter annihilations with a cusped density profile, rho(r) proportional to r(-1.2) in the inner kiloparsecs. Comparing the intensity in different WMAP frequency bands, we find that a wide range of possible weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) annihilation modes are consistent with the spectrum of the haze for a WIMP with a mass in the 100 GeV to multi-TeV range. Most interestingly, we find that to generate the observed intensity of the haze, the dark matter annihilation cross section is required to be approximately equal to the value needed for a thermal relic, sigma v similar to 3 x 10(-26) cm(3)/s. No boost factors are required. If dark matter annihilations are in fact responsible for the WMAP haze, and the slope of the halo profile continues into the inner Galaxy, GLAST is expected to detect gamma rays from the dark matter annihilations in the galactic center if the WIMP mass is less than several hundred GeV. C1 [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Dobler, Gregory] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 28 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 8 AR 083012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.083012 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 226XI UT WOS:000250621400020 ER PT J AU Kocsis, B Loeb, A AF Kocsis, Bence Loeb, Abraham TI Distortion of gravitational-wave packets due to their self-gravity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TIDALLY LOCKED BINARIES; BLACK-HOLE MERGERS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; NEWTONIAN HYDRODYNAMICS; CIRCULAR ORBITS; HIGH FREQUENCY; NEUTRON-STARS; RADIATION; FIELD AB When a source emits a gravity-wave (GW) pulse over a short period of time, the leading edge of the GW signal is redshifted more than the inner boundary of the pulse. The GW pulse is distorted by the gravitational effect of the self-energy residing in between these shells. We illustrate this distortion for GW pulses from the final plunge of black hole binaries, leading to the evolution of the GW profile as a function of the radial distance from the source. The distortion depends on the total GW energy released epsilon and the duration of the emission tau, scaled by the total binary mass M. The effect should be relevant in finite box simulations where the waveforms are extracted within a radius of less than or similar to 10(2)M. For characteristic emission parameters at the final plunge between binary black holes of arbitrary spins, this effect could distort the simulated GW templates for LIGO and LISA by a fraction of 10(-3). Accounting for the wave distortion would significantly decrease the waveform extraction errors in numerical simulations. C1 [Kocsis, Bence; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kocsis, Bence] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP Kocsis, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bkocsis@cfa.harvard.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 8 AR 084022 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.084022 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 226XI UT WOS:000250621400066 ER PT J AU Chapman, SK Koch, GW AF Chapman, Samantha K. Koch, George W. TI What type of diversity yields synergy during mixed litter decomposition in a natural forest ecosystem? SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; functional diversity; litter decomposition; synergism; home field advantage ID PLANT DIVERSITY; LEAF-LITTER; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; BIODIVERSITY; MIXTURES; DYNAMICS; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITIES AB Investigating the relationship of biodiversity and ecosystem function in natural forests allows incorporation of established feedbacks between long-lived plants and soil processes. We studied forested stands in northern Arizona that vary in dominant species richness across small areas. We examined the effects of natural variation in dominant tree biodiversity on ecosystem parameters, particularly litter decomposition. We determined not only whether plant species decompose in mixture as predicted by their individual decomposition rates but also: (1) how particular species affect the decomposition rate of each other in mixture; and (2) whether litter decomposes more rapidly at its site of origin; i.e. is there a "home field advantage" to decomposition? Over a 2-year period, litter mixtures of functionally similar tree species decomposed more rapidly than expected from rates of the individual species alone. Mixtures of conifer species litter decomposed up to 50% faster than expected, with individual conifer members of those mixtures decomposing up to 85% faster than expected. In contrast, more functionally diverse mixtures of litter, which included a deciduous species, did not show synergistic effects during decomposition. We found no significant "home-field advantage" to decomposition. Our study is the first to demonstrate that litter mixtures from more closely related plant species give rise to the most synergistic effects of biodiversity on litter dynamics, indicating that more taxonomically and functionally diverse plant assemblages do not always drive greater emergent effects on ecosystem function. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Chapman, SK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM chapmans@si.edu NR 31 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2007 VL 299 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9372-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 217AM UT WOS:000249920700012 ER PT J AU Davis, DR Davis, MM AF Davis, Donald R. Davis, Mignon M. TI Neotropical tineidae, V: A new genus and species of Tineidae associated with social hymenoptera and re-examination of two poorly known genera with similar biology (Lepidoptera : Tineidae, Lyonetiidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Lyonetiidae; Tineidae; adult and larval morphology; larval biology; scavenger; bee/wasp associate; Apidae; Vespidae ID NEST AB The larva and adult of a new genus and species of tineid moth, Sphecioses acignathus D. and M. Davis, are described From the Neotropical Region. The case-bearing larva of this species is believed to feed primarily as a scavenger within the nests of certain social bees and wasps (Apidae and Vespidae). The comparative morphology and family relationships of two other Neotropical and monobasic genera, Antipolistes Forbes and Taeniodictys Forbes, with similar biology and previously assigned to the Tineidae are also reviewed. The family placement or Antipolistes within Tineidae has been reconfirmed, with Taeniodietys now reassigned to Lyonetiidae. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM davisd@si.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 741 EP 764 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400001 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI A new species of Jurinella (Diptera : Tachinidae) from the Dominican Republic with a key to genera of the tribe Tachinini from the Caribbean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tachinidae; Tachinini; Jurinella; Caribbean; taxonomy AB Jurinella baoruco, n. sp.. (Diptera: Tachinidae) is described and illustrated from the Sierra de Baoruco, Dominican Republic. A key to the genera of Tachinini from the Caribbean is presented. Two new generic synonyms are proposed: Hystriciella Townsend, 1915 and Parajurinia Townsend, 1928 both Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, resulting in Jurinella pilosa (Drury), new combination and Jurinella obesa (Townsend), new combination. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemant Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemant Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 856 EP 862 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400014 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Smith, DR AF Gates, M. W. Smith, David. R. TI Endobia donacis Erdos (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) newly reported from the Western Hemisphere, and a review of the genus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea; Eurytomidae; Endobia; new record; new synonymy; Western Hemisphere AB The distribution of Endobia Erdos (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), containing, the nominal taxa E donacis Erdos and E. indica Mani and Kaul, is reviewed. Endobia donacis is reported for the first time from the Western Hemisphere (Fairfax Co., Virainia, USA). This species is discussed and its host associations Summarized. Endobia indica is synonymized with E donacis (n. syn.). C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gates@ars.usda.gov; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 868 EP 871 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400016 ER PT J AU Zhang, JJ Yang, D Mathis, WN AF Zhang, Jinjua Yang, Ding Mathis, Wayne N. TI Species of the genus Zeros Cresson (Diptera : Ephydridae) from China SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Ephydridae; Zeros; new species; China AB The genus Zeros Cresson is recorded from China for the first time. The two species, Z. maculosus, n. sp., and Z. orientalis Miyagi, are described, and a key to distinguish them is presented. C1 China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zhang, JJ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM dyangcau@yahoo.com.cn; mathisw@si.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 872 EP 879 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400017 ER PT J AU Diaz, AE Solis, MA AF Diaz, Ana Elizabeth Solis, M. Alma TI A new species and species distribution records of Neoleucinodes (Lepidoptera : Crambidae : Spilomelinae) from Colombia feeding on Solanum sp. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Colombia; Solanum; Solanaceae; larvae; morphology AB Neoleucinodes silvaniae, n. sp., from Colombia, is described. The larvae feed on the fruit Of Wild Solanum lanceifolium Jacq. Adults and larvae of the new species are figured. The new species is compared to Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenee), a major pest of tomatoes throughout South America. Neoleucinodes prophetica (Dyar), N. imperialis (Guenee), and N. torvis Capps are reported from Colombia for the first time. C1 CORPOICA, Programa Manejo Integrado Plagas, CI Palmira, Colombia. USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Diaz, AE (reprint author), CORPOICA, Programa Manejo Integrado Plagas, CI Palmira, Colombia. EM anadiaz@telesat.com.co; alma.solis@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 897 EP 908 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400020 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH Hicks, AL AF McKamey, S. H. Hicks, A. L. TI A new subspecies, replacement names, and spelling fixations for species of Deltocephalinae and Macropsinae (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Membracoidea; leafhopper; new names; subspecies; nomenclature ID HOMOPTERA-CICADELLIDAE; REGION; LEAFHOPPERS AB Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes are made to align the classification of Deltocephalinae with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The new subspecies, Tetartostylus parabolatus spinus, is described, Balclutha frontalis Ferrari is reinstated as valid, and nine replacement names are given: Balclutha flavidella, Cephalius villiersi, Exitianus evansi, Hecalus chilensis, Macropsis ishiharai, Scaphytopius delongi, Scaphytopius (Cloanthanus) linnavuorii, Sorhoanus lii, and Thamnotettix matsumurai. Additionally, the principle of first revisor is applied to fix the correct spellings of 13 species spelled multiple ways within their original descriptions. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov; andrew.hicks@colorado.edu NR 88 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 930 EP 937 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400024 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Zachariades, C AF Brown, John W. Zachariades, Costas TI A new species of Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Grapholitini) from Jamaica: A potential biocontrol agent against Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Dichrorampha odorata Brown and Zachariades, new species, is described and illustrated from Jamaica. It is most similar to D. sapodilla Heppner among described species, both superficially and in the male genitalia. However, the two are easily separated by the long costal fold of the male forewing of D. odorata, which is absent in D. sapodilla. The shapes of the valva and cucullus also distinguish the two. The related D. azteca Walsingham, revised status, which shares a distinct male forewing costal fold with D. odorata, is returned to Dichrorampha. Dichrorampha odorata induces galls in the shoot tips of the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Robinson (Asteraceae), commonly known as triffid, Jack-in-the-bush, bitter bush, Christmas bush, and Siam weed. The new species appears to have considerable potential as a biological control agent against this weedy shrub in South Africa. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. ARC Plant Protect Res Inst, Weeds Res Div, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov; zachariadesc@arc.agric.za NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 938 EP 947 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400025 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Development and taxonomic value of dorsal tertiary fringe scales on the wings of adult mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE dorsal tertiary fringe scales; wing; diptera; Culicidae; anophelinae; culicinae; aedim; aedeomyiini; culicini; culisetini; mansonimi; orthopodomyiini; sabethini; toxorhynchitini; uranotaeniini ID LIFE STAGES; CLASSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY AB The condition of dorsal tertiary fringe scales on the wings of females and males for numerous species of tribe Aedini and representative species of other culicid tribes and subfamily Anophelinae is noted. With few exceptions the presence or absence of these scales appears to be consistent for species included in well-defined generic-level taxa. C1 USDA, ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, WRBU, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM John.Reinert@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 948 EP 956 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400026 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. TI New records and notes on the ecology of African species of Melyris Fabricius (Coleoptera : Melyridae), with discussion of pollination biology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 960 EP 962 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400029 ER PT J AU Stubbs, CW High, FW George, MR DeRose, KL Blondin, S Tonry, JL Chambers, KC Granett, BR Burke, DL Smith, RC AF Stubbs, Christopher W. High, F. William George, Matthew R. DeRose, Kimberly L. Blondin, Stephane Tonry, John L. Chambers, Kenneth C. Granett, Benjamin R. Burke, David L. Smith, R. Chris TI Toward more precise survey photometry for PanSTARRS and LSST: measuring directly the optical transmission spectrum of the atmosphere SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; TELLURIC LINES; PAN-STARRS; CALIBRATION; EXTINCTION; AEROSOL; AERONET AB Motivated by the recognition that variation in the optical transmission of the atmosphere is probably the main limitation to the precision of ground-based CCD measurements of celestial fluxes, we review the physical processes that attenuate the passage of light through Earth's atmosphere. The next generation of astronomical surveys, such as PanSTARRS and LSST, will greatly benefit from dedicated apparatus to obtain atmospheric transmission data that can be associated with each survey image. We review and compare various approaches to this measurement problem, including photometry, spectroscopy, and LIDAR. In conjunction with careful measurements of instrumental throughput, atmospheric transmission measurements should allow next-generation imaging surveys to produce photometry of unprecedented precision. Our primary concerns are the real-time determination of aerosol scattering and absorption by water along the line of sight, both of which can vary over the course of a night's observations. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Palo Alto, CA USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Stubbs, CW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Chambers, Kenneth /0000-0001-6965-7789 NR 48 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 119 IS 860 BP 1163 EP 1178 DI 10.1086/522208 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QY UT WOS:000250965300010 ER PT J AU Godinez-Martinez, A Watson, AM Matthews, LD Sparke, LS AF Godinez-Martinez, Arturo Watson, Alan M. Matthews, Lynn D. Sparke, Linda S. TI Photometry of polar-ring galaxies SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA LA English DT Article DE galaxies : halos; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : stellar content ID NGC-2685; IMAGES; ATLAS; STARS AB We have obtained photometry in B and R for seven confirmed or probable polar-ring galaxies from the Polar-Ring Catalog of Whitmore et al. (1990). The rings show a range of colors from B - R approximate to 0.6 to B - R approximate to 1.7. The bluest rings have bright H II regions, which are direct evidence for recent star formation. The minimum age of the reddest ring, that in PRC B-20, is somewhat uncertain because of a lack of knowledge of the internal reddening and metallicity, but appears to be at least 1.2 Gyr. As such, this ring is likely to be stable for at least several rotation periods. This ring is an excellent candidate for future studies that might better determine if it is truly old. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioaston & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Godinez-Martinez, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioaston & Astrofis, Apdo Postal 3-72 Xangari, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM arturogm@gmail.com; a.watson@astrosmo.unam.mx; lmatthew@cfa.harvard.edu; sparke@astro.wisc.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO, INST DE ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APDO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 0185-1101 J9 REV MEX ASTRON ASTR JI Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 315 EP 327 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217DV UT WOS:000249929500010 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI Health checks (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI)) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38 IS 7 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 216RQ UT WOS:000249897100019 ER PT J AU Warner, DJ AF Warner, Deborah Jean TI Harmonious triads: Physicists, musicians, and instrument makers in nineteenth-century Germany. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Warner, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 48 IS 4 BP 856 EP 857 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 223EV UT WOS:000250353300016 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Hearty, PJ AF Olson, Storrs L. Hearty, Paul J. TI Fallacies underlying the assumption of calcium limitation on the evolution of land snails in Bermuda SO VELIGER LA English DT Article ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; LIMESTONES; STRATIGRAPHY; ATLANTIC; SOILS AB The supposed lack of calcium during glacial periods of red soil development has been cited as the principal factor influencing evolution in land snail shells on Bermuda during the Quaternary. We argue that at no time was there an appreciable deficiency of calcium carbonate on Bermuda because the red soils themselves are largely made up of carbonate and because calcium in plant tissues would have been recycled during all stages of the Quaternary by frequent forest fires. Supposed instances of very localized changes in shell thickness arose through misinterpretation of chronology. Paedomorphic populations of the subgenus Poecilozonites occur only in carbonates of the last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5) and the Holocene, never in glacial red soils as maintained repeatedly by Gould. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 USA SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 132 EP 139 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 217EW UT WOS:000249932200004 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, SP Cole, CL Kniller, MD Malito, M Tamanaha, CR Rife, JC Stanton, MW Whitman, LJ AF Mulvaney, S. P. Cole, C. L. Kniller, M. D. Malito, M. Tamanaha, C. R. Rife, J. C. Stanton, M. W. Whitman, L. J. TI Rapid, femtomolar bioassays in complex matrices combining microfluidics and magnetoelectronics SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; DNA hybridization assay; fluidic force discrimination; immunoassay; magnetic bead; magnetic detection ID MAGNETIC MICROBEADS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; DETECTION SYSTEM; CANCER MARKERS; BIOSENSORS; AGENTS; SURFACE; FORCE; DNA AB A significant challenge for all biosensor systems is to achieve high assay sensitivity and specificity while minimizing sample preparation requirements, operational complexity, and sample-to-answer time. We have achieved multiplexed, unamplified, femtomolar detection of both DNA and proteins in complex matrices (including whole blood, serum, plasma, and milk) in minutes using as few as two reagents by labeling conventional assay schemes with micrometer-scale magnetic beads, and applying fluidic force discrimination (FFD). In FFD assays, analytes captured onto a microarray surface are labeled with microbeads, and a controlled laminar flow is then used to apply microfluidic forces sufficient to preferentially remove only nonspecifically bound bead labels. The density of beads that remain bound is proportional to the analyte concentration and can be determined with either optical counting or magnetoelectronic detection of the magnetic labels. Combining FFD assays with chip-based magnetoelectronic detection enables a simple, potentially handheld, platform capable of both nucleic acid hybridization assays and immunoassays, including orthogonal detection and identification of bacterial and viral pathogens, and therefore suitable for a wide range of biosensing applications. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 40 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2007.03.029 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 220WL UT WOS:000250187900006 PM 17532619 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Environmental science - Forests and floods SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEFORESTATION C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 27 PY 2007 VL 449 IS 7161 BP 409 EP 410 DI 10.1038/449409a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 214GQ UT WOS:000249724800026 PM 17898753 ER PT J AU Killian, TC Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P AF Killian, T. C. Gottlieb, C. A. Thaddeus, P. TI Rotational spectra of vibrationally excited CCH and CCD SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERFINE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; LYING ELECTRONIC STATES; ETHYNYL RADICAL C2H; VIBRONIC STRUCTURE; ABINITIO CALCULATION; DOUBLING PARAMETERS; POTENTIAL SURFACES AB The millimeter-wave rotational spectra of the lowest bending and stretching vibrational levels of CCH and CCD were observed in a low pressure discharge through acetylene and helium. The rotational, centrifugal distortion, and fine structure constants were determined for the (02(0)0) and (02(2)0) bending states, the (100) and (001) stretching levels, and the (011) combination level of CCH. The same pure bending and stretching levels, and the (110) combination level were observed in CCD. Apparent anomalies in the spectroscopic constants in the bending states were shown to be due to l-type resonances. Hyperfine constants, which in CCH are sensitive to the degree of admixture of the A (2)Pi excited electronic state, were determined in the excited vibrational levels of both isotopic species. Theoretical Fermi contact and dipole-dipole hyperfine constants calculated by Peric [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 150, 70 (1991)] were found to be in excellent agreement with the measured constants. In CCD, new rotational lines tentatively assigned to the (100) level largely on the basis of the observed hyperfine structure support the assignment of the C-H stretching fundamental (nu(1)) by Stephens [J. Mol. Struct. 190, 41 (1988)]. Rotational lines in the excited vibrational levels of CCH are fairly intense in our discharge source because the vibrational excitation temperatures of the bending vibrational levels and the (110) and (011) combination levels are only about 100 K higher than the gas kinetic temperature, unlike the higher frequency stretching vibrations, where the excitation temperatures are five to ten times higher. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Killian, TC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77055 USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 11 AR 114320 DI 10.1063/1.2768927 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 213KZ UT WOS:000249667400035 PM 17887850 ER PT J AU Sijacki, D Springel, V Di Matteo, T Hernquist, L AF Sijacki, Debora Springel, Volker Di Matteo, Tiziana Hernquist, Lars TI A unified model for AGN feedback in cosmological simulations of structure formation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE black hole physics; methods : numerical; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : formation; cosmology : theory ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COLD DARK-MATTER; X-RAY BINARIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BH-SIGMA RELATION; COOLING FLOWS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES AB We discuss a numerical model for black hole growth and its associated feedback processes that for the first time allows cosmological simulations of structure formation to self-consistently follow the build up of the cosmic population of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our model assumes that seed black holes are present at early cosmic epochs at the centres of forming haloes. We then track their growth from gas accretion and mergers with other black holes in the course of cosmic time. For black holes that are active, we distinguish between two distinct modes of feedback, depending on the black hole accretion rate itself. Black holes that accrete at high rates are assumed to be in a 'quasar regime', where we model their feedback by thermally coupling a small fraction of their bolometric luminosity to the surrounding gas. The quasar activity requires high densities of relatively cold gas around the black hole, as it is achieved through large-scale inflows triggered by galaxy mergers. For black holes with low accretion rates, we conjecture that most of their feedback occurs in mechanical form, where AGN-driven bubbles are injected into a gaseous environment. This regime of activity, which is subdominant in terms of total black hole mass growth, can be identified with radio galaxies in clusters of galaxies, and can suppress cluster cooling flows without the requirement of a triggering by mergers. Using our new model, we carry Out TREESPH cosmological simulations on the scales of individual galaxies to those of massive galaxy clusters, both for isolated systems and for cosmological boxes. We demonstrate that our model produces results for the black hole and stellar mass densities in broad agreement with observational constraints. We find that the black holes significantly influence the evolution of their host galaxies, changing their star formation history, their amount of cold gas and their colours. Furthermore, the properties of intracluster gas are affected strongly by the presence of massive black holes in the cores of galaxy clusters, leading to shallower metallicity and entropy profiles, and to a suppression of strong cooling flows. Our results support the notion that AGN's are a key ingredient in cosmological structure formation. They lead to a self-regulated growth of black holes and bring the simulated properties of their host galaxies into much better agreement with observations. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Munich, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sijacki, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 1, Munich, Germany. EM deboras@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Di Matteo, Tiziana/O-4762-2014 OI Di Matteo, Tiziana/0000-0002-6462-5734 NR 118 TC 402 Z9 404 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 3 BP 877 EP 900 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12153.x PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215YM UT WOS:000249844900002 ER PT J AU Burgarella, D Le Floc'h, E Takeuchi, TT Huang, JS Buat, V Rieke, GH Tyler, KD AF Burgarella, D. Le Floc'h, E. Takeuchi, T. T. Huang, J. S. Buat, V. Rieke, G. H. Tyler, K. D. TI Lyman break galaxies at z similar to 1 and the evolution of dust attenuation in star-forming galaxies with redshift SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; ultraviolet : galaxies ID ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; INFRARED GALAXIES; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; FORMATION HISTORY; SOURCE CONFUSION; NEARBY UNIVERSE; SELECTION AB Ultraviolet (UV) galaxies have been selected frorn the Galaxy Evolution Explorer deep imaging survey. The presence of a far-UV (FUV) drop-out in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) proved to be a very complete (83.3 per cent) but not very efficient (21.4 per cent) tool for identifying Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z similar to 1. In this paper, we explore the physical properties of these galaxies and how they contribute to the total star formation rate (SFR). We divide the LBG sample into two subclasses: red LBGs (RLBGs) detected at lambda = 24 mu m which are mainly luminous infrared (IR) galaxies (LIRGs) and blue LBGs (BLBGs) undetected at, = 24 mu m down to the MIPS/GTO limiting flux density of 83 mu Jy. Two of the RLBGs are also detected at 70 mu m. The median SED of the RLBGs is similar (above lambda similar to 1 mu m) to that of a luminous dusty starburst at z similar to 1.44, HR 10. However, unlike local luminous and ultraluminous IR galaxies, RLBGs are UV bright objects. We suggest that these objects contain a large amount of dust but that some bare stellar populations are also directly visible. The median SED of the BLBGs is consistent with their containing the same stellar population as the RLBGs (i.e. a 250-500 Myr old, exponentially decaying star formation history) but with a lower dust content. The luminosity function (LF) of our LBG sample at z similar to I is similar to the LF of near-UV (NUV) selected galaxies at the same redshift. The integrated luminosity densities of z similar to I LBGs and NUV-selected galaxies are very consistent. Making use of the RLBG sample, we 1 p show that SFRs estimated from UV measurements and corrected using the IRX-beta method provide average total SFRTOT in agreement with the sum of the UV and IR contributions: SFRuv + SFR (dust). However, IRX-beta-based SFRTOT shows a large dispersion. Summing up the detected UV (1150-angstrom rest-frame) and IR-based SFRs of the detected objects, we find that only one-third of the total (i.e. UV + dust) LBG SFR resides in BLBGs and two-thirds in RLBGs, even though most LBGs at z similar to I are BLBGs. On the other hand, the total SFR of LBGs accounts for only I I per cent of the total SFR at z similar to 1. Finally, we observe a regular decrease in the luminosity ratio L-dust/L-FUV from z = 0 to z approximate to 2 for UV-selected samples. C1 Lab Astrophys Marseille, Observ Astron Marseille Prov, F-13012 Marseille, France. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Burgarella, D (reprint author), Lab Astrophys Marseille, Observ Astron Marseille Prov, F-13012 Marseille, France. EM denis.burgarella@oamp.fr; elefloch@as.arizona.edu; takeuchi@iar.nagoya-u.ac.jp; jhuang@cfa.harvard.edu; veronique.buat@oamp.fr; grieke@as.arizona.edu; ktyler@as.arizona.edu NR 57 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 3 BP 986 EP 998 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12063.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215YM UT WOS:000249844900010 ER PT J AU Wyithe, JSB Loeb, A Schmidt, BP AF Wyithe, J. Stuart B. Loeb, Abraham Schmidt, Brian P. TI The correlation between star formation and 21-cm emission during the reionization epoch SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology : theory; diffuse radiation; large-scale structure of Universe ID LOW-MASS GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; COSMIC REIONIZATION; 21 CM; FLUCTUATIONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; SIMULATIONS; UNIVERSE; IMPACT; PROBE AB Reionization is thought to be dominated by low-i-nass galaxies, while direct observations of resolved galaxies probe only the most massive, rarest objects. The cross-correlation between fluctuations in the surface brightness of the cumulative Ly alpha emission (which serves as a proxy for the star formation rate) and the redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) will directly probe the causal link between the production of ionizing photons in galaxies and the reionization of the IGM. We discuss the prospects for detecting this cross-correlation for unresolved galaxies. We find that on angular scales less than or similar to 10 arcmin detection will be practical using wide-field near-infrared (near-IR) imaging from space in combination with the forthcoming Mileura Wide-field Array - Low Frequency Demonstrator. When redshifted 21-cm observations of the neutral IGM are combined with space-based near-IR imaging of Ly alpha emission, the detection on angular scales less than or similar to 3 arcmin will be limited by the sensitivity of the 21-cm signal, even when a small-aperture optical telescope (similar to 2 m) and a moderate field of view (similar to 10 deg(2)) are used. On scales 3 arcmin, the measurement of cross-correlation will be limited by the accuracy of the foreground sky subtraction. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT, Australia. RP Wyithe, JSB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic, Australia. EM swyithe@physics.unimelb.edu.au; loeb@cfa.harvard.edu; brian@mso.anu.edu.au OI Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 3 BP 1087 EP 1097 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12149.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215YM UT WOS:000249844900020 ER PT J AU Barnes, AD Casares, J Cornelisse, R Charles, PA Steeghs, D Hynes, RI O'Brien, K AF Barnes, A. D. Casares, J. Cornelisse, R. Charles, P. A. Steeghs, D. Hynes, R. I. O'Brien, K. TI Kinematical studies of the low-mass X-ray binary GR Mus (XB 1254-690) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : individual : GRMus; stars : individual : XB 1254-690; X-rays : binaries ID PHASE-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; BOWEN FLUORESCENCE; DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY; NEUTRON-STAR; SCORPIUS X-1; 2S1254-690; X1254-690; X1822-371; CURVE; DONOR AB We present simultaneous high-resolution optical spectroscopy and X-ray data of the X-ray binary system GR Mus (XB 1254-690), obtained over a full range of orbital phases. The X-ray observations are used to re-establish the orbital ephemeris for this source. The optical data include the first spectroscopic detection of the donor star in this system through the use of the Doppler Tomography technique on the Bowen fluorescence blend (similar to 4630-4650 angstrom). In combination with an estimate for the orbital parameters of the compact object using the wings of the He it lambda 4686 emission line, dynamical mass constraints of 1.20 <= M-X/M-circle dot <= 2.64 for the neutron star and 0.45 <= M-2/M-circle dot <= 0.85 for the companion are derived. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys, Southampton SO14 1BJ, Hants, England. Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. European So Observ, Abington, PA 19001 USA. RP Barnes, AD (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys, Southampton SO14 1BJ, Hants, England. EM adb@astro.soton.ac.uk RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 3 BP 1182 EP 1190 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12174.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215YM UT WOS:000249844900028 ER PT J AU Cornelisse, R Steeghs, D Casares, J Charles, PA Barnes, AD Hynes, RI O'Brien, K AF Cornelisse, R. Steeghs, D. Casares, J. Charles, P. A. Barnes, A. D. Hynes, R. I. O'Brien, K. TI Optical spectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 9+9 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; stars : individual : GX 9+9; X-rays : binaries ID DW URSAE MAJORIS; BLACK-HOLE; CATACLYSMIC BINARIES; ACCRETION DISKS; XTE J1118+480; GRO J0422+32; SUPERHUMPS; STAR; DISCOVERY; EMISSION AB Phase-resolved medium-resolution VLT spectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 9+9 has revealed narrow C ill emission lines that move in phase relative to our new estimate of the ephemeris, and show a velocity amplitude of 230 +/not superset of 35 km s(-1). We identify the origin of these lines as coming from the surface of the donor star, thereby providing the first estimate of the mass function of f(M-1) >= 0.22 M-circle dot. Rotational broadening estimates together with assumptions for the mass donor give 0.07 <= q <= 0.35 and 182 <= K-2 <= 406 km s(-1). Despite a low-mass ratio, there is no evidence for a superhump in our data set. Doppler maps of GX 9+9 show the presence of a stream overflow, either in the form of material flowing downward along the accretion disc rim or in a similar fashion as occurs in high mass transfer rate cataclysmic variables known as the SW Sex stars. Finally, we note that the Bowen region in GX 9+9 is dominated by C in instead of N III emission as has been the case for most other X-ray binaries. C1 Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Cornelisse, R (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, Via Lactea, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. EM corneli@iac.es RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 3 BP 1219 EP 1229 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12193.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215YM UT WOS:000249844900032 ER PT J AU Seu, R Phillips, RJ Alberti, G Biccari, D Bonaventura, F Bortone, M Calabrese, D Campbell, BA Cartacci, M Carter, LM Catallo, C Croce, A Croci, R Cutigni, M Di Placido, A Dinardo, S Federico, C Flamini, E Fois, F Frigeri, A Fuga, O Giacomoni, E Gim, YY Guelfi, M Holt, JW Kofman, W Leuschen, CJ Marinangeli, L Marras, P Masdea, A Mattei, S Mecozzi, R Milkovich, SM Morlupi, A Mouginot, J Orosei, R Papa, C Paterno, T del Marmo, PP Pettinelli, E Pica, G Picardi, G Plaut, JJ Provenziani, M Putzig, NE Russo, F Safaeinili, A Salzillo, G Santovito, MR Smrekar, SE Tattarletti, B Vicari, D AF Seu, Roberto Phillips, Roger J. Alberti, Giovanni Biccari, Daniela Bonaventura, Francesco Bortone, Marco Calabrese, Diego Campbell, Bruce A. Cartacci, Marco Carter, Lynn M. Catallo, Claudio Croce, Anna Croci, Renato Cutigni, Marco Di Placido, Antonio Dinardo, Salvatore Federico, Costanzo Flamini, Enrico Fois, Franco Frigeri, Alessandro Fuga, Oreste Giacomoni, Emanuele Gim, Yonggyu Guelfi, Mauro Holt, John W. Kofman, Wlodek Leuschen, Carlton J. Marinangeli, Lucia Marras, Paolo Masdea, Arturo Mattei, Stefania Mecozzi, Riccardo Milkovich, Sarah M. Morlupi, Antonio Mouginot, Jeremie Orosei, Roberto Papa, Claudio Paterno, Tobia del Marmo, Paolo Persi Pettinelli, Elena Pica, Giulia Picardi, Giovanni Plaut, Jeffrey J. Provenziani, Marco Putzig, Nathaniel E. Russo, Federica Safaeinili, Ali Salzillo, Giuseppe Santovito, Maria Rosaria Smrekar, Suzanne E. Tattarletti, Barbara Vicari, Danilo TI Accumulation and erosion of Mars' south polar layered deposits SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADAR; SUBSURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY; FEATURES; MISSION; HISTORY; CAP AB Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Info Com, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Consorzio Ric Sistemi Telesensori, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Thales Alenia Space Italia, I-00131 Rome, Italy. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78758 USA. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP Seu, R (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Info Com, I-00184 Rome, Italy. EM roberto.seu@uniroma1.it RI Kofman, Wlodek/C-4556-2008; Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Frigeri, Alessandro/F-2151-2010; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Mouginot, Jeremie/G-7045-2015; OI Frigeri, Alessandro/0000-0002-9140-3977; Cartacci, Marco/0000-0001-9825-1817; PETTINELLI, Elena/0000-0002-7066-6516 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5845 BP 1715 EP 1718 DI 10.1126/science.1144120 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 212HD UT WOS:000249585900037 PM 17885128 ER PT J AU Tocheri, MW Orr, CM Larson, SG Sutikna, T Jatmiko Saptomo, EW Due, RA Djubiantono, T Morwood, MJ Jungers, WL AF Tocheri, Matthew W. Orr, Caley M. Larson, Susan G. Sutikna, Thomas Jatmiko Saptomo, E. Wahyu Due, Rokus Awe Djubiantono, Tony Morwood, Michael J. Jungers, William L. TI The primitive wrist of Homo floresiensis and its implications for hominin evolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; EASTERN INDONESIA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; OLDUVAI GORGE; GRAN DOLINA; HAND; AFFINITIES; ATAPUERCA; CAPITATE; REMAINS AB Whether the Late Pleistocene hominin fossils from Flores, Indonesia, represent a new species, Homo floresiensis, or pathological modern humans has been debated. Analysis of three wrist bones from the holotype specimen (LB1) shows that it retains wrist morphology that is primitive for the African ape-human clade. In contrast, Neandertals and modern humans share derived wrist morphology that forms during embryogenesis, which diminishes the probability that pathology could result in the normal primitive state. This evidence indicates that LB1 is not a modern human with an undiagnosed pathology or growth defect; rather, it represents a species descended from a hominin ancestor that branched off before the origin of the clade that includes modern humans, Neandertals, and their last common ancestor. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Human Origins Program, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Natl Res & Dev Ctr Archaeol, Jakarta, Indonesia. SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Arizona State Univ, Inst Human Origins, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Tocheri, MW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Human Origins Program, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM tocherim@si.edu OI Tocheri, Matthew/0000-0001-7600-8998 NR 31 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5845 BP 1743 EP 1745 DI 10.1126/science.1147143 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 212HD UT WOS:000249585900046 PM 17885135 ER PT J AU Robertson, B Li, YX Cox, TJ Hernquist, L Hopkins, PF AF Robertson, Brant Li, Yuexing Cox, Thomas J. Hernquist, Lars Hopkins, Philip F. TI Photometric properties of the most massive high-redshift galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA AB We calculate the observable properties of the most massive high-redshift galaxies in the hierarchical formation scenario where stellar spheroid and supermassive black hole growth are fueled by gas-rich mergers. Combining high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the hierarchical formation of a z similar to 6 quasar, stellar population synthesis models, template active galactic nucleus (AGN) spectra, prescriptions for interstellar and intergalactic absorption, and the response of modern telescopes, the photometric evolution of galaxies destined to host z similar to 6 quasars is modeled at redshifts z similar to 4-14. These massive galaxies, with enormous stellar masses of M-* similar to 10(11.5)-10(12) M-circle dot and star formation rates of SFR similar to 10(3)-10(4) M-circle dot yr(-1) at z >= 7, satisfy a variety of photometric selection criteria based on Lyman break techniques, including V-band dropouts at z >= 5, i-band dropouts at z >= 6, and z-band dropouts at z >= 7. The observability of the most massive high-redshift galaxies is assessed and compared with a wide range of existing and proposed photometric surveys, including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS), Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)/Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), National Optical Astronomy Observatory Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS), UKIRT Infared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS), Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Shallow Survey, Ultradeep Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy ( VISTA), Dark Universe Explorer ( DUNE), Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS), Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), and Supernova/ Acceleration Probe (SNAP). Massive stellar spheroids descended from z similar to 6 quasars will likely be detected at z similar to 4 by existing surveys, but owing to their low number densities the discovery of quasar progenitor galaxies at z > 7 will likely require future surveys of large portions of the sky (>= 0.5%) at wavelengths lambda >= 1 mu m. The detection of rare, starbursting, massive galaxies at redshifts z >= 6 would provide support for the hierarchical formation of the earliest quasars and characterize the primitive star formation histories of the most luminous elliptical galaxies. C1 Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Earico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Robertson, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 933 E 56th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM brant@kicp.uchicago.edu NR 233 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 60 EP 78 DI 10.1086/520057 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900007 ER PT J AU Gavazzi, R Treu, T Rhodes, JD Koopmans, LVE Bolton, AS Burles, S Massey, RJ Moustakas, LA AF Gavazzi, Raphael Treu, Tommaso Rhodes, Jason D. Koopmans, Leon V. E. Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott Massey, Richard J. Moustakas, Leonidas A. TI The Sloan Lens ACS survey. IV. The mass density profile of early-type galaxies out to 100 effective radii SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE dark matter; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : structure; gravitational lensing ID DARK-MATTER HALOS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; STELLAR MASS; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; DOMINATED GALAXIES AB We present a weak-lensing analysis of 22 early-type (strong) lens galaxies, based on deep HST images obtained as part of the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. Using advanced techniques to control systematic uncertainties, we show that weak-lensing signal is detected out to similar to 300 h(-1) kpc (at the mean lens redshift z = 0.2). We analyze blank control fields from COSMOS in the same manner, inferring that the residual systematic uncertainty in the tangential shear is less than 0.3%. A joint strong- and weak-lensing analysis shows that the average total mass density profile is consistent with isothermal (i.e., rho proportional to r(-2)) over two decades in radius (3-300 h(-1) kpc, approximately 1-100 effective radii). This finding extends by over an order of magnitude in radius previous results, based on strong lensing and/or stellar dynamics, that luminous and dark components "conspire" to form an isothermal mass distribution. In order to disentangle the contributions of luminous and dark matter, we fit a two-component mass model (deVaucouleurs+NFW) to the weak- and strong-lensing constraints. It provides a good fit to the datawith only two free parameters: (1) the average stellar mass-to-light ratio M-*/L-V =4.48 +/- 0.46 h M-circle dot L-circle dot(-1) (at z = 0.2), in agreement with that expected for an old stellar population; (2) the average virialmass-to-light ratio M-vir/L-V = 246(-87)(+101) h M-circle dot L-circle dot(-1) Taking into account the scatter in the mass-luminosity relation, the latter result is in good agreement with semianalytical models of massive galaxy formation. The dark matter fraction inside the sphere of radius, the effective radius, is found to be 27% +/- 4%. Our results are consistent with galaxy-galaxy lensing studies of early-type galaxies that are not strong lenses, in the 30- 300 h(-1) kpc radius range. Thus, within the uncertainties, our results are representative of early- type galaxies in general. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gavazzi, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 NR 107 TC 231 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 176 EP 190 DI 10.1086/519237 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900015 ER EF